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Kim H, Song EJ, Choi E, Kwon KW, Park JH, Shin SJ. Adjunctive administration of parabiotic Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 ameliorates drug-induced toxicity and pulmonary inflammation during antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111937. [PMID: 38569427 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment requires a long therapeutic duration and induces adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity, causing discontinuation of treatment. Reduced adherence to TB medications elevates the risk of recurrence and the development of drug resistance. Additionally, severe cavitary TB with a high burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and inflammation-mediated tissue damage may need an extended treatment duration, resulting in a higher tendency of drug-induced toxicity. We previously reported that the administration of Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 (L. sakei CVL-001) regulates inflammation and improves mucosal barrier function in a murine colitis model. Since accumulating evidence has reported the functional roles of probiotics in drug-induced liver injury and pulmonary inflammation, we employed a parabiotic form of the L. sakei CVL-001 to investigate whether this supplement may provide beneficial effects on the reduction in drug-induced liver damage and pulmonary inflammation during chemotherapy. Intriguingly, L. sakei CVL-001 administration slightly reduced Mtb burden without affecting lung inflammation and weight loss in both Mtb-resistant and -susceptible mice. Moreover, L. sakei CVL-001 decreased T cell-mediated inflammatory responses and increased regulatory T cells along with an elevated antigen-specific IL-10 production, suggesting that this parabiotic may restrain excessive inflammation during antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, the parabiotic intervention significantly reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase, an indicator of hepatotoxicity, and cell death in liver tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that L. sakei CVL-001 administration has the potential to be an adjunctive therapy by reducing pulmonary inflammation and liver damage during anti-TB drug treatment and may benefit adherence to TB medication in lengthy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Nodcure, Inc., 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eunsol Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Nodcure, Inc., 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; Laboratory Animal Medicine, Animal Medical Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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2
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Saadh MJ, Ahmed HM, Alani ZK, Al Zuhairi RAH, Almarhoon ZM, Ahmad H, Ubaid M, Alwan NH. The Role of Gut-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38630350 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS), where the interplay of genetic and environmental factors influences its pathophysiology, triggering immune responses and instigating inflammation. Contemporary research has been notably dedicated to investigating the contributions of gut microbiota and their metabolites in modulating inflammatory reactions within the CNS. Recent recognition of the gut microbiome and dietary patterns as environmental elements impacting MS development emphasizes the potential influence of small, ubiquitous molecules from microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These molecules may serve as vital molecular signals or metabolic substances regulating host cellular metabolism in the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host. A current emphasis lies on optimizing the health-promoting attributes of colonic bacteria to mitigate urinary tract issues through dietary management. This review aims to spotlight recent investigations on the impact of SCFAs on immune cells pivotal in MS, the involvement of gut microbiota and SCFAs in MS development, and the considerable influence of probiotics on gastrointestinal disruptions in MS. Comprehending the gut-CNS connection holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, particularly probiotic-based supplements, for managing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Hani Moslem Ahmed
- Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Zaid Khalid Alani
- College of Health and Medical Technical, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186, Rome, Italy.
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait.
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammed Ubaid
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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3
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Marrella V, Nicchiotti F, Cassani B. Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4051. [PMID: 38612860 PMCID: PMC11012346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In the past 10 years, the importance of lung microbiota emerged in the context of pulmonary diseases, although the mechanisms by which it impacts the intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On the contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development in the lung. In this review, we present an overview of the lung microbiome modifications occurring during respiratory infections, namely, reduced community diversity and increased microbial burden, and of the downstream consequences on host-pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, and cytokines production, in turn affecting the disease progression and outcome. Particularly, we focus on the role of the gut-lung bidirectional communication in shaping inflammation and immunity in this context, resuming both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and possibilities related to novel microbial-based (probiotics and dietary supplementation) and microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages), aimed to remodel the composition of resident microbial communities and restore health. Finally, we propose an outlook of some relevant questions in the field to be answered with future research, which may have translational relevance for the prevention and control of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nicchiotti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
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4
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Verma A, Bhagchandani T, Rai A, Nikita, Sardarni UK, Bhavesh NS, Gulati S, Malik R, Tandon R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14648-14671. [PMID: 38585101 PMCID: PMC10993281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut-lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut-lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Rai
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur Sardarni
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription
Regulation Group, International Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sameer Gulati
- Department
of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
(LHMC), New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Rupali Malik
- Department
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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5
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Dörner PJ, Anandakumar H, Röwekamp I, Fiocca Vernengo F, Millet Pascual-Leone B, Krzanowski M, Sellmaier J, Brüning U, Fritsche-Guenther R, Pfannkuch L, Kurth F, Milek M, Igbokwe V, Löber U, Gutbier B, Holstein M, Heinz GA, Mashreghi MF, Schulte LN, Klatt AB, Caesar S, Wienhold SM, Offermanns S, Mack M, Witzenrath M, Jordan S, Beule D, Kirwan JA, Forslund SK, Wilck N, Bartolomaeus H, Heimesaat MM, Opitz B. Clinically used broad-spectrum antibiotics compromise inflammatory monocyte-dependent antibacterial defense in the lung. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2788. [PMID: 38555356 PMCID: PMC10981692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is associated with high mortality and costs, and frequently caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Although prior antimicrobial therapy is a major risk factor for HAP, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients is associated with decreased diversity of the gut microbiome and depletion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers. Infection experiments with mice transplanted with patient fecal material reveal that these antibiotic-induced microbiota perturbations impair pulmonary defense against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. This is dependent on inflammatory monocytes (IMs), whose fatty acid receptor (FFAR)2/3-controlled and phagolysosome-dependent antibacterial activity is compromized in mice transplanted with antibiotic-associated patient microbiota. Collectively, we characterize how clinically relevant antibiotics affect antimicrobial defense in the context of human microbiota, and reveal a critical impairment of IM´s antimicrobial activity. Our study provides additional arguments for the rational use of antibiotics and offers mechanistic insights for the development of novel prophylactic strategies to protect high-risk patients from HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Dörner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harithaa Anandakumar
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo Röwekamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belén Millet Pascual-Leone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Krzanowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josua Sellmaier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Brüning
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lennart Pfannkuch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miha Milek
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Igbokwe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Holstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Leon N Schulte
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German center for lung research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Brit Klatt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Caesar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German center for lung research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Kirwan
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German center for lung research (DZL), Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Lu X, Li G, Liu Y, Luo G, Ding S, Zhang T, Li N, Geng Q. The role of fatty acid metabolism in acute lung injury: a special focus on immunometabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:120. [PMID: 38456906 PMCID: PMC10923746 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Reputable evidence from multiple studies suggests that excessive and uncontrolled inflammation plays an indispensable role in mediating, amplifying, and protracting acute lung injury (ALI). Traditionally, immunity and energy metabolism are regarded as separate functions regulated by distinct mechanisms, but recently, more and more evidence show that immunity and energy metabolism exhibit a strong interaction which has given rise to an emerging field of immunometabolism. Mammalian lungs are organs with active fatty acid metabolism, however, during ALI, inflammation and oxidative stress lead to a series metabolic reprogramming such as impaired fatty acid oxidation, increased expression of proteins involved in fatty acid uptake and transport, enhanced synthesis of fatty acids, and accumulation of lipid droplets. In addition, obesity represents a significant risk factor for ALI/ARDS. Thus, we have further elucidated the mechanisms of obesity exacerbating ALI from the perspective of fatty acid metabolism. To sum up, this paper presents a systematical review of the relationship between extensive fatty acid metabolic pathways and acute lung injury and summarizes recent advances in understanding the involvement of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in ALI. We hold an optimistic believe that targeting fatty acid metabolism pathway is a promising lung protection strategy, but the specific regulatory mechanisms are way too complex, necessitating further extensive and in-depth investigations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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7
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Hosmer J, McEwan AG, Kappler U. Bacterial acetate metabolism and its influence on human epithelia. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:1-13. [PMID: 36945843 PMCID: PMC10903459 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are known modulators of host-microbe interactions and can affect human health, inflammation, and outcomes of microbial infections. Acetate is the most abundant but least well-studied of these modulators, with most studies focusing on propionate and butyrate, which are considered to be more potent. In this mini-review, we summarize current knowledge of acetate as an important anti-inflammatory modulator of interactions between hosts and microorganisms. This includes a summary of the pathways by which acetate is metabolized by bacteria and human cells, the functions of acetate in bacterial cells, and the impact that microbially derived acetate has on human immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hosmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Alastair G. McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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8
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Yan Q, Jia S, Li D, Yang J. The role and mechanism of action of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in neutrophils: From the activation to becoming potential biomarkers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115821. [PMID: 37952355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, have emerged as critical mediators in the communication between the human microbiota and its host. As the first responder to the inflammatory site, neutrophils play an important role in protecting the host against bacterial infections. Recent investigations revealed that SCFAs generated from microbiota influence various neutrophil activities, including activation, migration, and generation of mediators of inflammatory processes. SCFAs have also been demonstrated to exhibit potential therapeutic benefits in a variety of disorders related to neutrophil dysfunction, including inflammatory bowel disease, viral infectious disorders, and cancer. This study aims to examine the molecular processes behind the complicated link between SCFAs and neutrophils, as well as their influence on neutrophil-driven inflammatory disorders. In addition, we will also provide an in-depth review of current research on the diagnostic and therapeutic value of SCFAs as possible biomarkers for neutrophil-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Digestive Diseases Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Dongfu Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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9
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Li J, Zhang Q, Li X, Liu J, Wang F, Zhang W, Liu X, Li T, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Meng Y, Ma Y, Wang H. QingXiaoWuWei decoction alleviates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia in mice by regulating metabolic remodeling and macrophage gene expression network via the microbiota-short-chain fatty acids axis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0034423. [PMID: 37823635 PMCID: PMC10714818 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00344-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonizes the upper respiratory airways and is resistant to antibiotics. MRSA is a frequently acquired infection in hospital and community settings, including cases of MRSA-induced pneumonia. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the limited efficacy of antibiotics necessitate alternative strategies for preventing or treating the infection. QingXiaoWuWei decoction (QXWWD) protects against both gut microbiota dysbiosis and MRSA-induced pneumonia. Furthermore, the QXWWD-regulated metabolic remodeling and macrophage gene expression network contribute to its protective effects through the microbiota-short-chain fatty acid axis. The results of this study suggest that QXWWD and its pharmacodynamic compounds might have the potential to prevent and treat pulmonary infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the future treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases by manipulating gut microbiota and their metabolites via traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tiewei Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children’s Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yukun Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuheng Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huanyun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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10
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Mendes de Almeida V, Engel DF, Ricci MF, Cruz CS, Lopes ÍS, Alves DA, d’ Auriol M, Magalhães J, Machado EC, Rocha VM, Carvalho TG, Lacerda LSB, Pimenta JC, Aganetti M, Zuccoli GS, Smith BJ, Carregari VC, da Silva Rosa E, Galvão I, Dantas Cassali G, Garcia CC, Teixeira MM, André LC, Ribeiro FM, Martins FS, Saia RS, Costa VV, Martins-de-Souza D, Hansbro PM, Marques JT, Aguiar ERGR, Vieira AT. Gut microbiota from patients with COVID-19 cause alterations in mice that resemble post-COVID symptoms. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2249146. [PMID: 37668317 PMCID: PMC10481883 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2249146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 are frequent and of major concern. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection affects the host gut microbiota, which is linked to disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Here, we report that the gut microbiota of post-COVID subjects had a remarkable predominance of Enterobacteriaceae strains with an antibiotic-resistant phenotype compared to healthy controls. Additionally, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were reduced in feces. Fecal transplantation from post-COVID subjects to germ-free mice led to lung inflammation and worse outcomes during pulmonary infection by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. transplanted mice also exhibited poor cognitive performance. Overall, we show prolonged impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota that persist after subjects have cleared the virus. Together, these data demonstrate that the gut microbiota can directly contribute to post-COVID sequelae, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviani Mendes de Almeida
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daiane F. Engel
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Mayra F. Ricci
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Clênio Silva Cruz
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Santos Lopes
- Laboratory of Virus Bioinformatics - Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Daniele Almeida Alves
- Laboratory of RNA Interference and Antiviral Immunity - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mirna d’ Auriol
- Laboratory of Toxicology - Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João Magalhães
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elayne C. Machado
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Victor M. Rocha
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Toniana G. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Larisse S. B. Lacerda
- Center for Research and Development of Drugs - Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jordane C. Pimenta
- Center for Research and Development of Drugs - Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Aganetti
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S. Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics - Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bradley J. Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics - Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Victor C. Carregari
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics - Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Erika da Silva Rosa
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology - Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C. Garcia
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Center for Research and Development of Drugs - Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leiliane C. André
- Laboratory of Toxicology - Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Mara Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S. Martins
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutic Agents - Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Simone Saia
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiology - Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Center for Research and Development of Drugs - Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics - Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Universidade do Estado de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - João Trindade Marques
- Laboratory of RNA Interference and Antiviral Immunity - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- CNRS UPR9022, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric R. G. R. Aguiar
- Laboratory of Virus Bioinformatics - Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Angélica T. Vieira
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Liao Y, Chen Z, Yang Y, Shen D, Chai S, Ma Y, Ge R, Wang X, Wang S, Liu S. Antibiotic intervention exacerbated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in SD rats under hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:70-83. [PMID: 37806597 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host nutrition, metabolism, and immune homeostasis, particularly in extreme environmental conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the gut microbiota in animal organisms hypobaric hypoxia exposure require further study. We conducted a research by comparing SD rats treated with an antibiotic (ABX) cocktail and untreated SD rats that were housed in a low-pressure oxygen chamber (simulating low pressure and hypoxic environment at 6000 m altitude) for 30 days. After the experiment, blood, feces, and lung tissues from SD rats were collected for analysis of blood, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics. The results demonstrated that the antibiotic cocktail-treated SD rats exhibited elevated counts of neutrophil (Neu) and monocyte (Mon) cells, an enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SBC), reduced levels of glutathione, and accumulated phospholipid compounds. Notably, the accumulation of phospholipid compounds, particularly lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), along with the aforementioned changes, contributed to heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the organism. In addition, we explored the resistance mechanisms of SD rats in low-oxygen and low-pressure environments and found that increasing the quantity of the Prevotellaceae and related beneficial bacteria (especially Lactobacillus) could reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings offer valuable insights into enhancing the adaptability of low-altitude animals under hypobaric hypoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yingkui Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Di Shen
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shatuo Chai
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Shujie Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
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12
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Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H. The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115276. [PMID: 37542852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players in various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions in immune and inflammatory responses. For instance, butyrate reduces the development of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits the initiation of a Th2 immune response by dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages, emphasizing their immunomodulatory properties and potential for therapeutics. In animal models of asthma, both butyrate and propionate suppress the M2 polarization pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota leading to altered SCFA production has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. SCFAs trigger autophagy in cancer cells and promote M2 polarization in macrophages, accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing SCFAs holds promise for cancer treatment. Additionally, SCFAs enhance the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) by blocking histone deacetylase, resulting in increased production of antibacterial effectors and improved macrophage-mediated elimination of microorganisms. This highlights the antimicrobial potential of SCFAs and their role in host defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on the functional aspects and underlying mechanisms of SCFAs in relation to macrophage activities in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. By elucidating the intricate interplay between SCFAs and macrophage functions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of their therapeutic potential and pave the way for future interventions targeting SCFAs in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Duan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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13
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Maruyama D, Liao WI, Tian X, Bredon M, Knapp J, Tat C, Doan TNM, Chassaing B, Bhargava A, Sokol H, Prakash A. Regulation of Lung Immune Tone by the Gut-Lung Axis via Dietary Fiber, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.552964. [PMID: 37662303 PMCID: PMC10473695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.552964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung immune tone, i.e. the immune state of the lung, can vary between individuals and over a single individual's lifetime, and its basis and regulation in the context of inflammatory responses to injury is poorly understood. The gut microbiome, through the gut-lung axis, can influence lung injury outcomes but how the diet and microbiota affect lung immune tone is also unclear. We hypothesized that lung immune tone would be influenced by the presence of fiber-fermenting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut bacteria. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a fiber diet intervention study followed by lung injury in mice and profiled gut microbiota using 16S sequencing, metabolomics, and lung immune tone. We also studied germ-free mice to evaluate lung immune tone in the absence of microbiota and performed in vitro mechanistic studies on immune tone and metabolic programming of alveolar macrophages exposed to the SCFA propionate (C3). Mice on high-fiber diet were protected from sterile lung injury compared to mice on a fiber-free diet. This protection strongly correlated with lower lung immune tone, elevated propionate levels and enrichment of specific fecal microbiota taxa; conversely, lower levels of SCFAs and an increase in other fatty acid metabolites and bacterial taxa correlated with increased lung immune tone and increased lung injury in the fiber-free group. In vitro , C3 reduced lung alveolar macrophage immune tone (through suppression of IL-1β and IL-18) and metabolically reprogrammed them (switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation after LPS challenge). Overall, our findings reveal that the gut-lung axis, through dietary fiber intake and enrichment of SCFA-producing gut bacteria, can regulate innate lung immune tone via IL-1β and IL-18 pathways. These results provide a rationale for the therapeutic development of dietary interventions to preserve or enhance specific aspects of host lung immunity.
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14
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Qin T, Yu T, Liu Y, Wu J, Jiang Y, Zhang G. Roseicella aerolata GB24 T from bioaerosol attenuates Streptococcus pneumoniae-introduced inflammation through regulation of gut microbiota and acetic acid. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225548. [PMID: 37547684 PMCID: PMC10397393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is the most common respiratory pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia. Probiotics represent a new intervention target for Spn infection. Hence, the discovery and development of new potential probiotic strains are urgently needed. This study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect and mechanism of a new bacterium named Roseicella aerolata GB24T that antagonizes Spn at cellular and animal levels. The results revealed that GB24T strain inhibited the growth of Spn on sheep blood agar plates, forming inhibition circles with a diameter of 20 mm. In cultured bronchial epithelium transformed with Ad 12-SV40 2B (BEAS-2B) cells, Spn infection induced an elevation in the expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α to 4.289 ± 0.709, 5.587 ± 2.670, and 5.212 ± 0.772 folds compared to healthy controls, respectively. Moreover, pre-infection with GB24T for 1.5 h almost eliminated the cellular inflammation caused by Spn infection. Additionally, male Sprague-Dawley rats infected with Spn were randomly allocated into two groups: GB24T pre-infection and Spn infection groups, with healthy rats as control. GB24T significantly alleviated inflammatory lung injury caused by Spn infection, which was associated with obvious changes in the abundance of gut microbiota and a trend toward enhanced secretion of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid. Acetic acid was validated to be effective in alleviating inflammation due to Spn infection in cellular assays. Together, these findings highlight that GB24T strain is an important protective feature in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiguo Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zhao XN, Liu SX, Wang ZZ, Zhang S, You LL. Roxadustat alleviates the inflammatory status in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent resistance by increasing the short-chain fatty acids producing gut bacteria. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:230. [PMID: 37430374 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have improved the treatment of renal anemia, especially in patients resistant to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). HIF facilitates maintain gut microbiota homeostasis, which plays an important role in inflammation and iron metabolism, which are in turn key factors affecting ESA resistance. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of roxadustat on inflammation and iron metabolism and on the gut microbiota in patients with ESA resistance. METHODS We conducted a self-controlled, single-center study including 30 patients with ESA resistance undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. All patients received roxadustat without iron agents for renal anemia. Hemoglobin and inflammatory factors were monitored. Fecal samples were collected before and after 3 months' administration and the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Hemoglobin levels increased after treatment with roxadustat for 3 months (P < 0.05). Gut microbiota diversity and abundance also changed, with increases in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Acidaminococcaceae, Butyricicoccus, Ruminococcus bicirculans, Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium dentium, Eubacterium hallii) (P < 0.05). Serum SCFA levels also increased (P < 0.05). Inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and endotoxin gradually decreased (P < 0.05). Serum hepcidin, ferritin, and total and unsaturated iron-binding capacities decreased (P < 0.05), while soluble transferrin receptor levels increased at each time point (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum iron and transferrin saturation at each time point. The abundance of Alistipes shahii was significantly negatively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Roxadustat alleviated renal anemia in patients with ESA resistance by decreasing inflammatory factors and hepcidin levels and improving iron utilization. These effects were at least partly mediated by improved diversity and abundance of SCFA-producing gut bacteria, probably via activation of HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Nan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purification, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu-Xin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purification, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purification, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purification, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
| | - Lian-Lian You
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purification, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Xinan Road, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
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16
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Gierse LC, Meene A, Skorka S, Cuypers F, Surabhi S, Ferrero-Bordera B, Kreikemeyer B, Becher D, Hammerschmidt S, Siemens N, Urich T, Riedel K. Impact of Pneumococcal and Viral Pneumonia on the Respiratory and Intestinal Tract Microbiomes of Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0344722. [PMID: 36988458 PMCID: PMC10269894 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03447-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With 2.56 million deaths worldwide annually, pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death. The most frequent causative pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus. Lately, the interaction between the pathogens, the host, and its microbiome have gained more attention. The microbiome is known to promote the immune response toward pathogens; however, our knowledge on how infections affect the microbiome is still scarce. Here, the impact of colonization and infection with S. pneumoniae and influenza A virus on the structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiomes of mice was investigated. Using a meta-omics approach, we identified specific differences between the bacterial and viral infection. Pneumococcal colonization had minor effects on the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome, while acute infections caused decreased microbial complexity. In contrast, richness was unaffected following H1N1 infection. Within the gastrointestinal microbiome, we found exclusive changes in structure and function, depending on the pathogen. While pneumococcal colonization had no effects on taxonomic composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome, increased abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Spirochaetaceae as well as decreased amounts of Clostridiaceae were exclusively found during invasive S. pneumoniae infection. The presence of Staphylococcaceae was specific for viral pneumonia. Investigation of the intestinal microbiomés functional composition revealed reduced expression of flagellin and rubrerythrin and increased levels of ATPase during pneumococcal infection, while increased amounts of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) acetyltransferase and enoyl-CoA transferase were unique after H1N1 infection. In conclusion, identification of specific taxonomic and functional profiles of the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome allowed the discrimination between bacterial and viral pneumonia. IMPORTANCE Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Here, we compared the impact of bacterial- and viral-induced pneumonia on the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome. Using a meta-omics approach, we identified specific profiles that allow discrimination between bacterial and viral causative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Meene
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Skorka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Cuypers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Surabhi Surabhi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Zhou Y, Liu M, Liu K, Wu G, Tan Y. Lung microbiota and potential treatment of respiratory diseases. Microb Pathog 2023:106197. [PMID: 37321423 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unique microbiome found in the lungs has been studied and shown to be associated with both pulmonary homeostasis and lung diseases. The lung microbiome has the potential to produce metabolites that modulate host-microbe interactions. Specifically, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by certain strains of the lung microbiota have been shown to regulate immune function and maintain gut mucosal health. In response, this review described the distribution and composition of the microbiota in lung diseases and discussed the impact of the lung microbiota on health and lung disease. In addition, the review further elaborated on the mechanism of microbial metabolites in microbial-host interaction and their application in the treatment of lung diseases. A better understanding of the interaction between the microbiota, metabolites, and host will provide potential strategies for the development of novel methods for the treatment of pulmonary microbial induced lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Xiangya School of Medical, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Excellent Doctor Training, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
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18
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Valentini A, Schultz-Knudsen K, Højgaard Hansen A, Tsakoumagkou A, Jenkins L, Christensen HB, Manandhar A, Milligan G, Ulven T, Rexen Ulven E. Discovery of Potent Tetrazole Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Antagonists. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6105-6121. [PMID: 37129317 PMCID: PMC10547238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2), also known as GPR43, mediates effects of short-chain fatty acids and has attracted interest as a potential target for treatment of various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the results from bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic acid group of the established FFA2 antagonist CATPB and SAR investigations around these compounds, leading to the discovery of the first high-potency FFA2 antagonists, with the preferred compound TUG-2304 (16l) featuring IC50 values of 3-4 nM in both cAMP and GTPγS assays, favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, and the ability to completely inhibit propionate-induced neutrophil migration and respiratory burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Valentini
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Schultz-Knudsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Højgaard Hansen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Argyro Tsakoumagkou
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Henriette B. Christensen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Asmita Manandhar
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Rexen Ulven
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Nath S, Kitsios GD, Bos LDJ. Gut-lung crosstalk during critical illness. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:130-137. [PMID: 36762684 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Study of organ crosstalk in critical illness has uncovered complex biological communication between different organ systems, but the role of microbiota in organ crosstalk has received limited attention. We highlight the emerging understanding of the gut-lung axis, and how the largest biomass of the human body in the gut may affect lung physiology in critical illness. RECENT FINDINGS Disruption of healthy gut microbial communities and replacement by disease-promoting pathogens (pathobiome) generates a maladaptive transmitter of messages from the gut to the lungs, connected via the portal venous and the mesenteric lymphatic systems. Gut barrier impairment allows for microbial translocation (living organisms or cellular fragments) to the lungs. Host-microbiota interactions in the gut mucosa can also impact lung physiology through microbial metabolite secretion or host-derived messengers (hormones, cytokines or immune cells). Clinical examples like the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia by selective decontamination of the digestive tract show that the gut-lung axis can be manipulated therapeutically. SUMMARY A growing body of evidence supports the pathophysiological relevance of the gut-lung axis, yet we are only at the brink of understanding the therapeutic and prognostic relevance of the gut microbiome, metabolites and host-microbe interactions in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridesh Nath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Intensive Care
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (LEICA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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He H, Fan X, Shen H, Gou H, Zhang C, Liu Z, Zhang B, Wuri N, Zhang J, Liao M, Geri L. Butyrate limits the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in intestine epithelial cells by enhancing GPR43-mediated IFN-III production. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1091807. [PMID: 36744090 PMCID: PMC9895860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a threat to the health of newborn piglets and has a significant impact on the swine industry. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbial metabolites that regulate intestinal function through different mechanisms to enhance the intestinal barrier and immune function. In this study, we aimed to determine whether butyrate displayed a better effect than other SCFAs on limiting PEDV replication in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, butyrate treatment activated the interferon (IFN) response and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Further experiments showed that inhibition of GPR43 (free fatty acid receptor 2) in intestinal epithelial cells increased virus infection and reduced antiviral effects through IFN λ response. Our findings revealed that butyrate exerts its antiviral effects by inducing GPR43-mediated IFN production in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelei Fan
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China,Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China,Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China,Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China,Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nile Wuri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China,Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China,Jianfeng Zhang, ✉
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China,Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China,Ming Liao, ✉
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Letu Geri, ✉
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21
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Yu Z, Shen X, Wang A, Hu C, Chen J. The gut microbiome: A line of defense against tuberculosis development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149679. [PMID: 37143744 PMCID: PMC10152471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) burden remains a significant global public health concern, especially in less developed countries. While pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most common form of the disease, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, particularly intestinal TB (ITB), which is mostly secondary to PTB, is also a significant issue. With the development of sequencing technologies, recent studies have investigated the potential role of the gut microbiome in TB development. In this review, we summarized studies investigating the gut microbiome in both PTB and ITB patients (secondary to PTB) compared with healthy controls. Both PTB and ITB patients show reduced gut microbiome diversity characterized by reduced Firmicutes and elevated opportunistic pathogens colonization; Bacteroides and Prevotella were reported with opposite alteration in PTB and ITB patients. The alteration reported in TB patients may lead to a disequilibrium in metabolites such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, which may recast the lung microbiome and immunity via the "gut-lung axis". These findings may also shed light on the colonization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the gastrointestinal tract and the development of ITB in PTB patients. The findings highlight the crucial role of the gut microbiome in TB, particularly in ITB development, and suggest that probiotics and postbiotics might be useful supplements in shaping a balanced gut microbiome during TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Munich Medical Research School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Xiang Shen
- Munich Medical Research School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Aiyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianyong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyong Chen,
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22
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Ashique S, De Rubis G, Sirohi E, Mishra N, Rihan M, Garg A, Reyes RJ, Manandhar B, Bhatt S, Jha NK, Singh TG, Gupta G, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Paudel KR, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG, Dua K. Short Chain Fatty Acids: Fundamental mediators of the gut-lung axis and their involvement in pulmonary diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Krumina A, Bogdanova M, Gintere S, Viksna L. Gut-Lung Microbiota Interaction in COPD Patients: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121760. [PMID: 36556962 PMCID: PMC9785780 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is why a lot of attention has been recently paid to studying the possible mechanisms for the development of pulmonary diseases and assessing the impact on their course. The microbiota plays an important role in these processes and influences the functionality of the human immune system. Thus, alterations in the normal microflora contribute to a reduction in immunity and a more severe course of diseases. In this review, we summarized the information about gut and lung microbiota interactions with particular attention to their influence on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Krumina
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +371-29113833 (A.K.); +371-26656592 (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bogdanova
- Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +371-29113833 (A.K.); +371-26656592 (M.B.)
| | - Sandra Gintere
- Department of Family Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ludmila Viksna
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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24
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Cai Y, Folkerts G, Braber S. Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: A Novel Treatment for Respiratory Infections? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235033. [PMID: 36501062 PMCID: PMC9736878 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections requires novel intervention strategies. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are a diverse group of carbohydrates with broad protective effects. In addition to promoting the colonization of beneficial gut microbiota and maintaining the intestinal homeostasis, NDOs act as decoy receptors, effectively blocking the attachment of pathogens on host cells. NDOs also function as a bacteriostatic agent, inhibiting the growth of specific pathogenic bacteria. Based on this fact, NDOs potentiate the actions of antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in characterizing the anti-infective properties of NDOs. This focused review provides insights into the mechanisms by which representative NDOs may suppress respiratory infections by targeting pathogens and host cells. We summarized the most interesting mechanisms of NDOs, including maintenance of gut microbiota homeostasis, interference with TLR-mediated signaling, anti-oxidative effects and bacterial toxin neutralization, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, and anti-adhesion or anti-invasive properties. A detailed understanding of anti-infective mechanisms of NDOs against respiratory pathogens may contribute to the development of add-on therapy or alternatives to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.B.)
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25
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Liang Z, Wang Y, Lai Y, Zhang J, Yin L, Yu X, Zhou Y, Li X, Song Y. Host defense against the infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae: New strategy to kill the bacterium in the era of antibiotics? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1050396. [PMID: 36506034 PMCID: PMC9730340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a typical gram-negative iatrogenic bacterium that often causes bacteremia, pneumonia and urinary tract infection particularly among those with low immunity. Although antibiotics is the cornerstone of anti-infections, the clinical efficacy of β-lactamase and carbapenems drugs has been weakened due to the emergence of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Recent studies have demonstrated that host defense plays a critical role in killing K. pneumoniae. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immunity mechanisms against K. pneumoniae, including mechanical barrier, innate immune cells, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, providing a theoretical basis and the new strategy for the clinical treatment of K. pneumoniae through improving host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yixiang Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lanlan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yongqin Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,*Correspondence: Yinhong Song, ; Xinzhi Li,
| | - Yinhong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,*Correspondence: Yinhong Song, ; Xinzhi Li,
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26
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Intestinal Klebsiella pneumoniae Contributes to Pneumonia by Synthesizing Glutamine in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174188. [PMID: 36077725 PMCID: PMC9454521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia accounts for a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. It has been previously shown that intestinal Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) enriches in MM and promotes MM progression. However, what role the altered gut microbiota plays in MM with pneumonia remains unknown. Here, we show that intestinal K. pneumonia is significantly enriched in MM with pneumonia. This enriched intestinal K. pneumonia links to the incidence of pneumonia in MM, and intestinal colonization of K. pneumonia contributes to pneumonia in a 5TGM1 MM mice model. Further targeted metabolomic assays reveal the elevated level of glutamine, which is consistently increased with the enrichment of K. pneumonia in MM mice and patients, is synthesized by K. pneumonia, and leads to the elevated secretion of TNF-α in the lung normal fibroblast cells for the higher incidence of pneumonia. Inhibiting glutamine synthesis by establishing glnA-mutated K. pneumonia alleviates the incidence of pneumonia in the 5TGM1 MM mice model. Overall, our work proposes that intestinal K. pneumonia indirectly contributes to pneumonia in MM by synthesizing glutamine. Altogether, we unveil a gut–lung axis in MM with pneumonia and establish a novel mechanism and a possible intervention strategy for MM with pneumonia.
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27
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Stricker S, Hain T, Chao CM, Rudloff S. Respiratory and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Lung Diseases-Current Evidence of the Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126791. [PMID: 35743234 PMCID: PMC9224356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is known to influence local immune homeostasis in the gut and to shape the developing immune system towards elimination of pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens. Even though the lung was considered sterile for a long time, recent evidence using next-generation sequencing techniques confirmed that the lower airways possess their own local microbiota. Since then, there has been growing evidence that the local respiratory and intestinal microbiota play a role in acute and chronic pediatric lung diseases. The concept of the so-called gut–lung axis describing the mutual influence of local microbiota on distal immune mechanisms was established. The mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota modulates the systemic immune response include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and signaling through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and segmented filamentous bacteria. Those factors influence the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells and further modulate differentiation and recruitment of T cells to the lung. This article does not only aim at reviewing recent mechanistic evidence from animal studies regarding the gut–lung axis, but also summarizes current knowledge from observational studies and human trials investigating the role of the respiratory and intestinal microbiota and their modulation by pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in pediatric lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-985-56617
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Department of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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28
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Melo-González F, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Schultz BM, Suazo ID, Boone DL, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877533. [PMID: 35572549 PMCID: PMC9095905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting high-risk populations such as children and the elderly. Pathogens usually activate local immune responses at the site of infection, resulting in both protective and inflammatory responses, which may lead to local changes in the microbiota, metabolites, and the cytokine environment. Although some pathogens can disseminate and cause systemic disease, increasing evidence suggests that local infections can affect tissues not directly invaded. In particular, diseases occurring at distal mucosal barriers such as the lung and the intestine seem to be linked, as shown by epidemiological studies in humans. These mucosal barriers have bidirectional interactions based mainly on multiple signals derived from the microbiota, which has been termed as the gut-lung axis. However, the effects observed in such distal places are still incompletely understood. Most of the current research focuses on the systemic impact of changes in microbiota and bacterial metabolites during infection, which could further modulate immune responses at distal tissue sites. Here, we describe how the gut microbiota and associated metabolites play key roles in maintaining local homeostasis and preventing enteric infection by direct and indirect mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss recent murine and human studies linking infectious diseases with changes occurring at distal mucosal barriers, with particular emphasis on bacterial and viral infections affecting the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Further, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens may cause such effects, promoting either protection or susceptibility to secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara M. Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora D. Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David L. Boone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mindt BC, DiGiandomenico A. Microbiome Modulation as a Novel Strategy to Treat and Prevent Respiratory Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040474. [PMID: 35453224 PMCID: PMC9029693 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic lower airway disease still represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. With the steady rise of multidrug-resistant respiratory pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, we are rapidly approaching the advent of a post-antibiotic era. In addition, potentially detrimental novel variants of respiratory viruses continuously emerge with the most prominent recent example being severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To this end, alternative preventive and therapeutic intervention strategies will be critical to combat airway infections in the future. Chronic respiratory diseases are associated with alterations in the lung and gut microbiome, which is thought to contribute to disease progression and increased susceptibility to infection with respiratory pathogens. In this review we will focus on how modulating and harnessing the microbiome may pose a novel strategy to prevent and treat pulmonary infections as well as chronic respiratory disease.
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Short-chain fatty acid acetate triggers antiviral response mediated by RIG-I in cells from infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103891. [PMID: 35220042 PMCID: PMC8871125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty-acid (SFCA) acetate protects mice against RSV A2 strain infection by increasing interferon-β production and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the role of SFCA in RSV infection using strains isolated from patients is unknown. Methods We first used RSV clinical strains isolated from infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis to investigate the effects of in vitro SCFA-acetate treatment of human pulmonary epithelial cells. We next examined whether SCFA-acetate treatment is beneficial in a mouse model of RSV infection using clinical isolates. We sought to investigate the relationship of gut microbiota and fecal acetate with disease severity among infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis, and whether treating their respiratory epithelial cells with SCFA-acetate ex-vivo impacts viral load and ISG expression. We further treated epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with SCFA-acetate. Findings In vitro pre-treatment of A549 cells with SCFA-acetate reduced RSV infection with clinical isolates and increased the expression of RIG-I and ISG15. Animals treated with SCFA-acetate intranasally recovered significantly faster, with reduction in the RSV clinical isolates viral load, and increased lung expression of IFNB1 and the RIG-I. Experiments in RIG-I knockout A549 cells demonstrated that the protection relies on RIG-I presence. Gut microbial profile was associated with bronchiolitis severity and with acetate in stool. Increased SCFA-acetate levels were associated with increasing oxygen saturation at admission, and shorter duration of fever. Ex-vivo treatment of patients’ respiratory cells with SCFA-acetate reduced RSV load and increased expression of ISGs OAS1 and ISG15, and virus recognition receptors MAVS and RIG-I, but not IFNB1. These SCFA-acetate effects were not found on cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Interpretation SCFA-acetate reduces the severity of RSV infection and RSV viral load through modulation of RIG-I expression. Funding FAPERGS (FAPERGS/MS/CNPq/SESRS no. 03/2017 - PPSUS 17/2551-0001380-8 and COVID-19 20/2551-0000258-6); CNPq 312504/2017-9; CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
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Machado MG, Patente TA, Rouillé Y, Heumel S, Melo EM, Deruyter L, Pourcet B, Sencio V, Teixeira MM, Trottein F. Acetate Improves the Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Alveolar Macrophages via NLRP3 Inflammasome and Glycolysis-HIF-1α Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773261. [PMID: 35126390 PMCID: PMC8810543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced mainly by the gut microbiota with a known role in immune regulation. Acetate, the major SCFA, is described to disseminate to distal organs such as lungs where it can arm sentinel cells, including alveolar macrophages, to fight against bacterial intruders. In the current study, we explored mechanisms through which acetate boosts macrophages to enhance their bactericidal activity. RNA sequencing analyses show that acetate triggers a transcriptomic program in macrophages evoking changes in metabolic process and immune effector outputs, including nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, acetate enhances the killing activity of macrophages towards Streptococcus pneumoniae in an NO-dependent manner. Mechanistically, acetate improves IL-1β production by bacteria-conditioned macrophages and the latter acts in an autocrine manner to promote NO production. Strikingly, acetate-triggered IL-1β production was neither dependent of its cell surface receptor free-fatty acid receptor 2, nor of the enzymes responsible for its metabolism, namely acetyl-CoA synthetases 1 and 2. We found that IL-1β production by acetate relies on NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of HIF-1α, the latter being triggered by enhanced glycolysis. In conclusion, we unravel a new mechanism through which acetate reinforces the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gomes Machado
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Severine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eliza Mathias Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Pourcet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1011 – European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: François Trottein,
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Sencio V, Machelart A, Robil C, Benech N, Hoffmann E, Galbert C, Deryuter L, Heumel S, Hantute-Ghesquier A, Flourens A, Brodin P, Infanti F, Richard V, Dubuisson J, Grangette C, Sulpice T, Wolowczuk I, Pinet F, Prévot V, Belouzard S, Briand F, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Sokol H, Trottein F. Alteration of the gut microbiota following SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with disease severity in hamsters. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2018900. [PMID: 34965194 PMCID: PMC8726722 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2018900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the gut-to-lung axis is critical during respiratory viral infections. We herein hypothesized that disruption of gut homeostasis during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may associate with early disease outcomes. To address this question, we took advantage of the Syrian hamster model. Our data confirmed that this model recapitulates some hallmark features of the human disease in the lungs. We further showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with mild intestinal inflammation, relative alteration in intestinal barrier property and liver inflammation and altered lipid metabolism. These changes occurred concomitantly with an alteration of the gut microbiota composition over the course of infection, notably characterized by a higher relative abundance of deleterious bacterial taxa such as Enterobacteriaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae. Conversely, several members of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, including bacteria known to produce the fermentative products short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), had a reduced relative proportion compared to non-infected controls. Accordingly, infection led to a transient decrease in systemic SCFA amounts. SCFA supplementation during infection had no effect on clinical and inflammatory parameters. Lastly, a strong correlation between some gut microbiota taxa and clinical and inflammation indices of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity was evidenced. Collectively, alteration of the gut microbiota correlates with disease severity in hamsters making this experimental model valuable for the design of interventional, gut microbiota-targeted, approaches for the control of COVID-19.Abbreviations: SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; dpi, day post-infection; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; IL, interleukin. ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Cyril Robil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Benech
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department, F-75012Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75012Paris, France
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Chloé Galbert
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department, F-75012Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75012Paris, France
| | - Lucie Deryuter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Séverine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Aline Hantute-Ghesquier
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Anne Flourens
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | | | | | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Corinne Grangette
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Florence Pinet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, EGID and DISTALZ, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Belouzard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France
| | | | - Martine Duterque-Coquillaud
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000Lille, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department, F-75012Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75012Paris, France,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, F-78350Jouy en Josas, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9017, F-59000Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, F-59000Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000Lille, France,CONTACT François Trottein Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, Lille 59000
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Schlatterer K, Peschel A, Kretschmer D. Short-Chain Fatty Acid and FFAR2 Activation - A New Option for Treating Infections? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:785833. [PMID: 34926327 PMCID: PMC8674814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.785833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human innate immune system is equipped with multiple mechanisms to detect microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to fight bacterial infections. The metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are released by multiple bacteria or are food ingredients. SCFA production, especially acetate production, is usually essential for bacteria, and knockout of pathways involved in acetate production strongly impairs bacterial fitness. Because host organisms use SCFAs as MAMPs and alter immune reactions in response to SCFAs, interventions that modulate SCFA levels can be a new strategy for infection control. The interaction between SCFAs and host cells has been primarily investigated in the intestinal lumen because of the high local levels of SCFAs released by bacterial microbiome members. However, members of not only the intestinal microbiome but also the skin microbiome produce SCFAs, which are known ligands of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2. In addition to enterocytes, FFAR2 is expressed on other human cell types, including leukocytes, especially neutrophils. This finding is in line with other research that determined that targeted activation of FFAR2 diminishes susceptibility toward various types of infection by bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter rodentium, and Staphylococcus aureus but also by viruses such as respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses. Thus, our immune system appears to be able to use FFAR2-dependent detection of SCFAs for perceiving and even averting severe infections. We summarize recent advances in understanding the role of SCFAs and FFAR2 in various infection types and propose the manipulation of this receptor as an additional therapeutic strategy to fight infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schlatterer
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Cluster of Excellence (EXC) 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Cluster of Excellence (EXC) 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kretschmer
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Cluster of Excellence (EXC) 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Bernard-Raichon L, Colom A, Monard SC, Namouchi A, Cescato M, Garnier H, Leon-Icaza SA, Métais A, Dumas A, Corral D, Ghebrendrias N, Guilloton P, Vérollet C, Hudrisier D, Remot A, Langella P, Thomas M, Cougoule C, Neyrolles O, Lugo-Villarino G. A Pulmonary Lactobacillus murinus Strain Induces Th17 and RORγt + Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Lung Inflammation in Tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1857-1870. [PMID: 34479945 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lungs harbor multiple resident microbial communities, otherwise known as the microbiota. There is an emerging interest in deciphering whether the pulmonary microbiota modulate local immunity, and whether this knowledge could shed light on mechanisms operating in the response to respiratory pathogens. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a pulmonary Lactobacillus strain to modulate the lung T cell compartment and assess its prophylactic potential upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. In naive mice, we report that a Lactobacillus murinus (Lagilactobacillus murinus) strain (CNCM I-5314) increases the presence of lung Th17 cells and of a regulatory T cell (Treg) subset known as RORγt+ Tregs. In particular, intranasal but not intragastric administration of CNCM I-5314 increases the expansion of these lung leukocytes, suggesting a local rather than systemic effect. Resident Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs display an immunosuppressive phenotype that is accentuated by CNCM I-5314. Despite the well-known ability of M. tuberculosis to modulate lung immunity, the immunomodulatory effect by CNCM I-5314 is dominant, as Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs are still highly increased in the lung at 42-d postinfection. Importantly, CNCM I-5314 administration in M. tuberculosis-infected mice results in reduction of pulmonary inflammation, without increasing M. tuberculosis burden. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for an immunomodulatory capacity of CNCM I-5314 at steady state and in a model of chronic inflammation in which it can display a protective role, suggesting that L. murinus strains found in the lung may shape local T cells in mice and, perhaps, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bernard-Raichon
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France;
| | - André Colom
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah C Monard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Amine Namouchi
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway; and
| | - Margaux Cescato
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hugo Garnier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen A Leon-Icaza
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Métais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Dumas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Dan Corral
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Natsinet Ghebrendrias
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Guilloton
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Hudrisier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Remot
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France;
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Gozzi-Silva SC, Teixeira FME, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN, Oliveira LDM. Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve? Front Nutr 2021; 8:674258. [PMID: 34557509 PMCID: PMC8453008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cruz CS, Ricci MF, Vieira AT. Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Lung Infections. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724033. [PMID: 34557097 PMCID: PMC8453009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and respiratory systems are colonized by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms called the microbiota. These microorganisms co-evolved over millions of years with the host, creating a symbiotic relationship that is fundamental for promoting host homeostasis by producing bioactive metabolites and antimicrobial molecules, and regulating the immune and inflammatory responses. Imbalance in the abundance, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota (known as dysbiosis) have been shown to increase host susceptibility to infections in the lungs, suggesting crosstalk between these organs. This crosstalk is now referred to as the gut-lung axis. Hence, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for modulation of gut microbiota has been studied based on their effectiveness in reducing the duration and severity of respiratory tract infections, mainly owing to their effects on preventing pathogen colonization and modulating the immune system. This review discusses the role and responses of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the gut-lung axis in the face of lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clênio Silva Cruz
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mayra Fernanda Ricci
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica Thomaz Vieira
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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37
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Konjar Š, Pavšič M, Veldhoen M. Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179170. [PMID: 34502078 PMCID: PMC8431628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO2), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Konjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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38
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Machado MG, Sencio V, Trottein F. Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Potential Treatment for Infections: a Closer Look at the Lungs. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0018821. [PMID: 34097474 PMCID: PMC8370681 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00188-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by the gut microbiota via the fermentation of complex carbohydrates and fibers. Evidence suggests that SCFAs play a role in the control of infections through direct action both on microorganisms and on host signaling. This review summarizes the main microbicidal effects of SCFAs and discusses studies highlighting the effect of SCFAs in the virulence and viability of microorganisms. We also describe the diverse and complex modes of action of the SCFAs on the immune system in the face of infections with a specific focus on bacterial and viral respiratory infections. A growing body of evidence suggests that SCFAs protect against lung infections. Finally, we present potential strategies that may be leveraged to exploit the biological properties of SCFAs for increasing effectiveness and optimizing patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gomes Machado
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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39
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Schlatterer K, Beck C, Schoppmeier U, Peschel A, Kretschmer D. Acetate sensing by GPR43 alarms neutrophils and protects from severe sepsis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:928. [PMID: 34330996 PMCID: PMC8324776 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of mortality resulting from inadequate immune responses to systemic infection. Effective immunomodulatory approaches are urgently needed but it has remained elusive, which targets might be suitable for intervention. Increased expression of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR43, which is known to govern intestinal responses to acetate, has been associated with sepsis patient survival but the mechanisms behind this observation have remained unclear. We show that elevated serum acetate concentrations prime neutrophils in a GPR43-dependent fashion, leading to enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis, oxidative burst, cytokine release and upregulation of phagocytic receptors. Consequently, acetate priming improved the capacity of human neutrophils to eliminate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Acetate administration increased mouse serum acetate concentrations and primed neutrophils. Notably, it rescued wild-type mice from severe S. aureus sepsis and reduced bacterial numbers in peripheral organs by several magnitudes. Acetate treatment improved the sepsis course even when applied several hours after onset of the infection, which recommends GPR43 as a potential target for sepsis therapy. Our study indicates that the severity of sepsis depends on transient neutrophil priming by appropriate blood acetate concentrations. Therapeutic interventions based on GPR43 stimulation could become valuable strategies for reducing sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schlatterer
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Beck
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schoppmeier
- grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kretschmer
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Protective effects of gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived acetate on chicken colibacillosis induced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109187. [PMID: 34399296 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chicken colibacillosis is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), and results in huge economic losses to the poultry industry. With the investigation of the gut-lung axis, more studies have demonstrated the important role of gut microbiota in lung inflammation. The precise role of the gut microbiota in chickens-associated colibacillosis, however, is unknown. Thus, this study assessed the function of the gut microbiota in the chicken defense against APEC infection. Chicken gut microbiota was depleted by drinking water with a mixture of antibiotics (Abx), and subsequently, a model of colibacillosis was established by the intranasal perfusion of APEC. The results showed that gut microbiota protects the chicken challenge by APEC from aggravated lung histopathologic injury, up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and increased bacterial load in lung tissues compared with controls. In addition, the air-blood barrier permeability was significantly increased in gut microbiota-depleted chickens compared to the control chickens after challenge with APEC. Furthermore, feeding acetate significantly inhibited the lung inflammatory response and the reduced air-blood permeability induced by APEC infection. The expression of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), a receptor for acetate, was also increased in the lung after treatment with acetate. In conclusion, depletion of the gut microbiota resulted in increased susceptibility of chickens to APEC challenge, and gut microbiota derived acetate acted as a protective mediator during the APEC challenge. Novel therapeutic targets that focus on the gut microbiota may be effective in controlling colibacillosis in poultry.
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Hansen AH, Christensen HB, Pandey SK, Sergeev E, Valentini A, Dunlop J, Dedeo D, Fratta S, Hudson BD, Milligan G, Ulven T, Rexen Ulven E. Structure-Activity Relationship Explorations and Discovery of a Potent Antagonist for the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3326-3341. [PMID: 34288488 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a sensor for short-chain fatty acids that has been identified as an interesting potential drug target for treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Although several ligand series are known for the receptor, there is still a need for improved compounds. One of the most potent and frequently used antagonists is the amide-substituted phenylbutanoic acid known as CATPB ( 1 ). We here report the structure-activity relationship exploration of this compound, leading to the identification of homologues with increased potency. The preferred compound 37 (TUG-1958) was found, besides improved potency, to have high solubility and favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Højgaard Hansen
- University of Southern Denmark: Syddansk Universitet, Department of Physics,Chemistry and Pharmacy, DENMARK
| | - Henriette B Christensen
- University of Southern Denmark: Syddansk Universitet, Department of Physics, Chemsitry and Pharmacy, DENMARK
| | - Sunil K Pandey
- University of Southern Denmark: Syddansk Universitet, FKF, DENMARK
| | - Eugenia Sergeev
- University of Glasgow, Center for Translational Pharmacology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alice Valentini
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacoloy, DENMARK
| | - Julia Dunlop
- University of Glasgow, Center for Translational Medicine, DENMARK
| | - Domonkos Dedeo
- University of Glasgow, Center for Translational Research, DENMARK
| | - Simone Fratta
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, DENMARK
| | - Brian D Hudson
- University of Glasgow, Center for Translational Medicine, DENMARK
| | - Graeme Milligan
- University of Glasgow, Center for Translational Research, DENMARK
| | - Trond Ulven
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Elisabeth Rexen Ulven
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, DENMARK
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Wang J, Ishfaq M, Li J. Baicalin ameliorates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced inflammatory injury in the chicken lung through regulating the intestinal microbiota and phenylalanine metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:4092-4104. [PMID: 33977979 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin shows excellent protective effects against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) induced inflammatory injury as discussed in our previous studies. However, the physiological effects of baicalin are notable in contrast to its low bioavailability, and the critical mechanism for the protective effects of baicalin against MG infection is still unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether baicalin alleviates MG-induced lung inflammatory injury through regulating gut microbiota. Using an MG infection model, results showed that baicalin treatment significantly reduced MG colonization and ameliorated the abnormal pathological changes in the lung. Baicalin treatment also reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed proinflammatory protein expression. Notably, MG infection changed the gut microbiota composition, however, the abnormal gut microbiota composition was partially alleviated by baicalin treatment. Baicalin significantly enriched the commensal bacterium Bacteroides fragilis, and gavaged with Bacteroides fragilis alleviating MG infection-induced inflammatory injury in the lung. In addition, baicalin reversed peripheral accumulation of phenylalanine induced by MG infection. Importantly, increased phenylalanine induced excessive necroptosis through the modulation of gga-miR-190a-3p-Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) axis in HD11 macrophages. Together, our findings highlighted the role of gut microbiota and phenylalanine metabolism in MG infection and confirmed that baicalin could effectively inhibit MG-induced inflammatory injury in the lung by remodeling the gut microbiota and phenylalanine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Xiangfang District, P. R. China.
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Xiangfang District, P. R. China.
| | - Jichang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Xiangfang District, P. R. China. and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Xiangfang District, P. R. China
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43
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Zhao L, Mao Y, Yu H, Liu H, Wang C, Liu J, Han Y, Bi Y, Zhang D. The Preventive Effects of Lactobacillus casei on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:370-382. [PMID: 34092818 PMCID: PMC8169435 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus has been reported to inhibit acute lung injury (ALI). However, the molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) in preventing ALI has not been identified, so we investigated whether L. casei pretreatment could inhibit the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway following ALI. ALI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to female BALB/c mice. In L. casei LC2W group, mice were intragastrically administrated L. casei LC2W for a week, before the ALI modeling. The serum of normal BALB/c mice after intragastric administration of L. casei LC2W was used for in vitro cell assays. The serum was pre-incubated with mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) and human lung cell line (HLF-A), then LPS was added to co-incubate. Compared with ALI model group, L. casei LC2W pretreatment significantly reduced lung pathological damage, the number of neutrophils and total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Besides, L. casei LC2W pretreatment could significantly reverse the abnormal expression of ICAM-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in lung tissue and serum, plus, L. casei LC2W significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of IRAK-1 and NF-κB p65. In vitro, the serum decreased the up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α in cell lines induced by LPS. In conclusion, L. casei LC2W intragastric administration pretreatment could significantly improve LPS-induced ALI in mice, probably through circulation to reach the lungs so as to inhibit the inflammatory response induced by activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhao
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - Ying Mao
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - Haiming Yu
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - He Liu
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - Chao Wang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - Yutong Han
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - Yang Bi
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
| | - Donghai Zhang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 37 Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, 161000 China
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Liu Q, Tian X, Maruyama D, Arjomandi M, Prakash A. Lung immune tone via gut-lung axis: gut-derived LPS and short-chain fatty acids' immunometabolic regulation of lung IL-1β, FFAR2, and FFAR3 expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L65-L78. [PMID: 33851870 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00421.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites produced by the gut microbiome, e.g. short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been found to influence lung physiology and injury responses. However, how lung immune activity is regulated by SCFA is unknown. We examined fresh human lung tissue and observed the presence of SCFA with interindividual variability. In vitro, SCFA were capable of modifying the metabolic programming in LPS-exposed alveolar macrophages (AM). We hypothesized that lung immune tone could be defined by baseline detection of lung intracellular IL-1β. Therefore, we interrogated naïve mouse lungs with intact gut microbiota for IL-1β mRNA expression and localized its presence within alveolar spaces, specifically within AM subsets. We established that metabolically active gut microbiota, which produce SCFA, can transmit LPS and SCFA to the lung and thereby could create primed lung immunometabolic tone. To understand how murine lung cells sensed and upregulated IL-1β in response to gut microbiome-derived factors, we determined that, in vitro, AM and alveolar type II (AT2) cells expressed SCFA receptors, free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3), and IL-1β but with distinct expression patterns and different responses to LPS. Finally, we observed that IL-1β, FFAR2, and FFAR3 were expressed in isolated human AM and AT2 cells ex vivo, but in fresh human lung sections in situ, only AM expressed IL-1β at rest and after LPS challenge. Together, this translational study using mouse and human lung tissue and cells point to an important role for the gut microbiome and their SCFA in establishing and regulating lung immune tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California.,San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
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45
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Vornhagen J, Bassis CM, Ramakrishnan S, Hein R, Mason S, Bergman Y, Sunshine N, Fan Y, Holmes CL, Timp W, Schatz MC, Young VB, Simner PJ, Bachman MA. A plasmid locus associated with Klebsiella clinical infections encodes a microbiome-dependent gut fitness factor. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009537. [PMID: 33930099 PMCID: PMC8115787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is an important cause of healthcare-associated infections, which increases patient morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs. Gut colonization by Kp is consistently associated with subsequent Kp disease, and patients are predominantly infected with their colonizing strain. Our previous comparative genomics study, between disease-causing and asymptomatically colonizing Kp isolates, identified a plasmid-encoded tellurite (TeO3-2)-resistance (ter) operon as strongly associated with infection. However, TeO3-2 is extremely rare and toxic to humans. Thus, we used a multidisciplinary approach to determine the biological link between ter and Kp infection. First, we used a genomic and bioinformatic approach to extensively characterize Kp plasmids encoding the ter locus. These plasmids displayed substantial variation in plasmid incompatibility type and gene content. Moreover, the ter operon was genetically independent of other plasmid-encoded virulence and antibiotic resistance loci, both in our original patient cohort and in a large set (n = 88) of publicly available ter operon-encoding Kp plasmids, indicating that the ter operon is likely playing a direct, but yet undescribed role in Kp disease. Next, we employed multiple mouse models of infection and colonization to show that 1) the ter operon is dispensable during bacteremia, 2) the ter operon enhances fitness in the gut, 3) this phenotype is dependent on the colony of origin of mice, and 4) antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiota eliminates the requirement for ter. Furthermore, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we show that the ter operon enhances Kp fitness in the gut in the presence of specific indigenous microbiota, including those predicted to produce short chain fatty acids. Finally, administration of exogenous short-chain fatty acids in our mouse model of colonization was sufficient to reduce fitness of a ter mutant. These findings indicate that the ter operon, strongly associated with human infection, encodes factors that resist stress induced by the indigenous gut microbiota during colonization. This work represents a substantial advancement in our molecular understanding of Kp pathogenesis and gut colonization, directly relevant to Kp disease in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Bassis
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Srividya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Sophia Mason
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicole Sunshine
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yunfan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn L. Holmes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Schatz
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Simner
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Bachman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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46
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Sencio V, Barthelemy A, Tavares LP, Machado MG, Soulard D, Cuinat C, Queiroz-Junior CM, Noordine ML, Salomé-Desnoulez S, Deryuter L, Foligné B, Wahl C, Frisch B, Vieira AT, Paget C, Milligan G, Ulven T, Wolowczuk I, Faveeuw C, Le Goffic R, Thomas M, Ferreira S, Teixeira MM, Trottein F. Gut Dysbiosis during Influenza Contributes to Pulmonary Pneumococcal Superinfection through Altered Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2934-2947.e6. [PMID: 32130898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections often complicate viral respiratory infections. We hypothesize that perturbation of the gut microbiota during influenza A virus (IAV) infection might favor respiratory bacterial superinfection. Sublethal infection with influenza transiently alters the composition and fermentative activity of the gut microbiota in mice. These changes are attributed in part to reduced food consumption. Fecal transfer experiments demonstrate that the IAV-conditioned microbiota compromises lung defenses against pneumococcal infection. In mechanistic terms, reduced production of the predominant short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate affects the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages. Following treatment with acetate, mice colonized with the IAV-conditioned microbiota display reduced bacterial loads. In the context of influenza infection, acetate supplementation reduces, in a free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)-dependent manner, local and systemic bacterial loads. This translates into reduced lung pathology and improved survival rates of double-infected mice. Lastly, pharmacological activation of the SCFA receptor FFAR2 during influenza reduces bacterial superinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Sencio
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Adeline Barthelemy
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina G Machado
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Cuinat
- Micalis Institute, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Marie-Louise Noordine
- Micalis Institute, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Salomé-Desnoulez
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deryuter
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Foligné
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Benoit Frisch
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Angelica T Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Christophe Paget
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - François Trottein
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
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47
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Saint-Criq V, Lugo-Villarino G, Thomas M. Dysbiosis, malnutrition and enhanced gut-lung axis contribute to age-related respiratory diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101235. [PMID: 33321253 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Older people are at an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or lung infections. Susceptibility to these diseases is partly due to the intrinsic ageing process, characterized by genomic, cellular and metabolic hallmarks and immunosenescence, and is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Importantly, in the lungs, ageing is also associated with a dysbiosis and loss of resilience of the resident microbiota and alterations of the gut-lung axis. Notably, as malnutrition is often observed in the elderly, nutrition is one of the most accessible modifiable factors affecting both senescence and microbiota. This article reviews the changes affecting the lung and its resident microbiota during ageing, as well as the interconnections between malnutrition, senescence, microbiota, gut-lung axis and respiratory health. As the communication along the gut-lung axis becomes more permissive with ageing, this review also explores the evidence that the gut and lung microbiota are key players in the maintenance of healthy lungs, and as such, are potential targets for nutrition-based preventive strategies against lung disease in elderly populations.
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48
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Grundmann M, Bender E, Schamberger J, Eitner F. Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors and Their Allosteric Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041763. [PMID: 33578942 PMCID: PMC7916689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of free fatty acids (FFAs) has long been regarded as indirect in terms of their activities as educts and products in metabolic pathways. The observation that FFAs can also act as signaling molecules at FFA receptors (FFARs), a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), has changed the understanding of the interplay of metabolites and host responses. Free fatty acids of different chain lengths and saturation statuses activate FFARs as endogenous agonists via binding at the orthosteric receptor site. After FFAR deorphanization, researchers from the pharmaceutical industry as well as academia have identified several ligands targeting allosteric sites of FFARs with the aim of developing drugs to treat various diseases such as metabolic, (auto)inflammatory, infectious, endocrinological, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. GPCRs are the largest group of transmembrane proteins and constitute the most successful drug targets in medical history. To leverage the rich biology of this target class, the drug industry seeks alternative approaches to address GPCR signaling. Allosteric GPCR ligands are recognized as attractive modalities because of their auspicious pharmacological profiles compared to orthosteric ligands. While the majority of marketed GPCR drugs interact exclusively with the orthosteric binding site, allosteric mechanisms in GPCR biology stay medically underexploited, with only several allosteric ligands currently approved. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biology of FFAR1 (GPR40), FFAR2 (GPR43), FFAR3 (GPR41), FFAR4 (GPR120), and GPR84, including structural aspects of FFAR1, and discusses the molecular pharmacology of FFAR allosteric ligands as well as the opportunities and challenges in research from the perspective of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Grundmann
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eckhard Bender
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jens Schamberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Frank Eitner
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany;
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Milligan G, Barki N, Tobin AB. Chemogenetic Approaches to Explore the Functions of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:191-202. [PMID: 33495026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are generated in large amounts by the intestinal microbiota. They activate both the closely related G protein-coupled receptors free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) and free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3) that are considered therapeutic targets in diseases of immuno-metabolism. Limited and species-selective small-molecule pharmacology has restricted our understanding of the distinct roles of these receptors. Replacement of mouse FFA2 with a designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug form of human FFA2 (hFFA2-DREADD) has allowed definition of specific roles of FFA2 in pharmacological and physiological studies conducted both ex vivo and in vivo, whilst overlay of murine disease models offers opportunities for therapeutic validation prior to human studies. Similar approaches can potentially be used to define roles of other poorly characterised receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Natasja Barki
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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50
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Thibeault C, Suttorp N, Opitz B. The microbiota in pneumonia: From protection to predisposition. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eaba0501. [PMID: 33441423 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and gut are physiologically colonized with their own collection of microbes, the microbiota. The normal upper respiratory tract and gut microbiota protects against pneumonia by impeding colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria and by regulating immune responses. However, antimicrobial therapy and critical care procedures perturb the microbiota, thus compromising its function and predisposing to lung infections (pneumonia). Interindividual variations and age-related alterations in the microbiota also affect vulnerability to pneumonia. We discuss how the healthy microbiota protects against pneumonia and how host factors and medical interventions alter the microbiota, thus influencing susceptibility to pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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