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Li X, Xu M, Yang J, Zhou L, Liu L, Li M, Wang S, Liu MQ, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Liu S, Hu Y, Lin H, Liu B, Sun Y, Wu Q, Shi ZL, Lan K, Chen Y, Yan H, Chen YQ. Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:114. [PMID: 38678055 PMCID: PMC11055866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic. Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain (RBD) scaffold protein (3R-NC) adjuvanted with a flagellin protein (KFD) (3R-NC + KFDi.n). In mice, the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year. This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG- and IgA-producing plasma cells, alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant. Based upon these preclinical findings, an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (IAV) vaccine. With a favorable safety profile, the 3R-NC + KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions. To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants, we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations, which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants, including JN.1. Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Aerosol Bio-Tech (Suzhou) Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
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Mills JL, Lepletier A, Ozberk V, Dooley J, Kaden J, Calcutt A, Huo Y, Hicks A, Zaid A, Good MF, Pandey M. Disruption of IL-17-mediated immunosurveillance in the respiratory mucosa results in invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1351777. [PMID: 38576622 PMCID: PMC10991685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1351777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive pathogen that causes a significant global burden of skin pyoderma and pharyngitis. In some cases, infection can lead to severe invasive streptococcal diseases. Previous studies have shown that IL-17 deficiency in mice (IL-17-/-) can reduce S. pyogenes clearance from the mucosal surfaces. However, the effect of IL-17 on the development of severe invasive streptococcal disease has not yet been assessed. Methods Here, we modeled single or repeated non-lethal intranasal (IN) S. pyogenes M1 strain infections in immunocompetent and IL-17-/- mice to assess bacterial colonization following a final IN or skin challenge. Results Immunocompetent mice that received a single S. pyogenes infection showed long-lasting immunity to subsequent IN infection, and no bacteria were detected in the lymph nodes or spleens. However, in the absence of IL-17, a single IN infection resulted in dissemination of S. pyogenes to the lymphoid organs, which was accentuated by repeated IN infections. In contrast to what was observed in the respiratory mucosa, skin immunity did not correlate with the systemic levels of IL-17. Instead, it was found to be associated with the activation of germinal center responses and accumulation of neutrophils in the spleen. Discussion Our results demonstrated that IL-17 plays a critical role in preventing invasive disease following S. pyogenes infection of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie-Lee Mills
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Dooley
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacqualine Kaden
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yongbao Huo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Allan Hicks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Zaid
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael F. Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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3
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Lee F, Nguyen D, Hentenaar I, Morrison-Porter A, Solano D, Haddad N, Castrillon C, Lamothe P, Andrews J, Roberts D, Lonial S, Sanz I. The Majority of SARS-CoV-2 Plasma Cells are Excluded from the Bone Marrow Long-Lived Compartment 33 Months after mRNA Vaccination. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3979237. [PMID: 38559048 PMCID: PMC10980156 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979237/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19-) and non-LLPC (CD19+) subsets within the BM. All individuals had IgG ASC specific for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 in at least one BM ASC compartment. However, only influenza- and tetanus-specific ASC were readily detected in the LLPC whereas SARS-CoV-2 specificities were mostly excluded. The ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.61, 0.44, and 29.07, respectively. Even in five patients with known PCR-proven history of infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific ASC were mostly excluded from the LLPC. These specificities were further validated by using multiplex bead binding assays of secreted antibodies in the supernatants of cultured ASC. Similarly, the IgG ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.66, 0.44, and 23.26, respectively. In all, our studies demonstrate that rapid waning of serum antibodies is accounted for by the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce BM LLPC.
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4
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Nguyen DC, Hentenaar IT, Morrison-Porter A, Solano D, Haddad NS, Castrillon C, Lamothe PA, Andrews J, Roberts D, Lonial S, Sanz I, Lee FEH. The Majority of SARS-CoV-2 Plasma Cells are Excluded from the Bone Marrow Long-Lived Compartment 33 Months after mRNA Vaccination. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.02.24303242. [PMID: 38496525 PMCID: PMC10942531 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.24303242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19 - ) and non-LLPC (CD19 + ) subsets within the BM. All individuals had IgG ASC specific for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 in at least one BM ASC compartment. However, only influenza- and tetanus-specific ASC were readily detected in the LLPC whereas SARS-CoV-2 specificities were mostly excluded. The ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.61, 0.44, and 29.07, respectively. Even in five patients with known PCR-proven history of infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific ASC were mostly excluded from the LLPC. These specificities were further validated by using multiplex bead binding assays of secreted antibodies in the supernatants of cultured ASC. Similarly, the IgG ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.66, 0.44, and 23.26, respectively. In all, our studies demonstrate that rapid waning of serum antibodies is accounted for by the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce BM LLPC.
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5
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Chen W, Hong SH, Jenks SA, Anam FA, Tipton CM, Woodruff MC, Hom JR, Cashman KS, Faliti CE, Wang X, Kyu S, Wei C, Scharer CD, Mi T, Hicks S, Hartson L, Nguyen DC, Khosroshahi A, Lee S, Wang Y, Bugrovsky R, Ishii Y, Lee FEH, Sanz I. Distinct transcriptomes and autocrine cytokines underpin maturation and survival of antibody-secreting cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1899. [PMID: 38429276 PMCID: PMC10907730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple autoantibody types, some of which are produced by long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Active SLE generates increased circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Here, we examine the phenotypic, molecular, structural, and functional features of ASC in SLE. Relative to post-vaccination ASC in healthy controls, circulating blood ASC from patients with active SLE are enriched with newly generated mature CD19-CD138+ ASC, similar to bone marrow LLPC. ASC from patients with SLE displayed morphological features of premature maturation and a transcriptome epigenetically initiated in SLE B cells. ASC from patients with SLE exhibited elevated protein levels of CXCR4, CXCR3 and CD138, along with molecular programs that promote survival. Furthermore, they demonstrate autocrine production of APRIL and IL-10, which contributed to their prolonged in vitro survival. Our work provides insight into the mechanisms of generation, expansion, maturation and survival of SLE ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott A Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabliha A Anam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Hom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin S Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caterina Elisa Faliti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sakeenah Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Louise Hartson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Doan C Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arezou Khosroshahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youliang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Regina Bugrovsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusho Ishii
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Nguyen DC, Saney C, Hentenaar IT, Cabrera-Mora M, Capric V, Woodruff MC, Andrews J, Lonial S, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Majority of human circulating IgG plasmablasts stop blasting in a cell-free pro-survival culture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3616. [PMID: 38350990 PMCID: PMC10864258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Following infection or vaccination, early-minted antibody secreting cells (ASC) or plasmablasts appear in circulation transiently, and a small fraction migrates to the spleen or bone marrow (BM) to mature into long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). While LLPC, by definition, are quiescent or non-dividing, the majority of blood ASC are thought to be "blasting" or proliferative. In this study, we find > 95% nascent blood ASC in culture express Ki-67 but only 6-12% incorporate BrdU after 4 h or 24 h labeling. In contrast, < 5% BM LLPC in culture are Ki-67+ with no BrdU uptake. Due to limitations of traditional flow cytometry, we utilized a novel optofluidic technology to evaluate cell division with simultaneous functional IgG secretion. We find 11% early-minted blood ASC undergo division, and none of the terminally differentiated BM LLPC (CD19-CD38hiCD138+) divide during the 7-21 days in culture. While BM LLPC undergo complete cell cycle arrest, the process of differentiation into an ASC or plasmablasts also discourages entry into S phase. Since the majority of Ki-67+ nascent blood ASC have exited cell cycle and are no longer actively "blasting", the term "plasmablast", which traditionally refers to an ASC that still has the capacity to divide, may probably be a misnomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celia Saney
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ian T Hentenaar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica Cabrera-Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Violeta Capric
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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7
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Barrett JR, Silk SE, Mkindi CG, Kwiatkowska KM, Hou MM, Lias AM, Kalinga WF, Mtaka IM, McHugh K, Bardelli M, Davies H, King LDW, Edwards NJ, Chauhan VS, Mukherjee P, Rwezaula S, Chitnis CE, Olotu AI, Minassian AM, Draper SJ, Nielsen CM. Analyses of human vaccine-specific circulating and bone marrow-resident B cell populations reveal benefit of delayed vaccine booster dosing with blood-stage malaria antigens. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1193079. [PMID: 38299155 PMCID: PMC10827869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported primary endpoints of a clinical trial testing two vaccine platforms for the delivery of Plasmodium vivax malaria DBPRII: viral vectors (ChAd63, MVA), and protein/adjuvant (PvDBPII with 50µg Matrix-M™ adjuvant). Delayed boosting was necessitated due to trial halts during the pandemic and provides an opportunity to investigate the impact of dosing regimens. Here, using flow cytometry - including agnostic definition of B cell populations with the clustering tool CITRUS - we report enhanced induction of DBPRII-specific plasma cell and memory B cell responses in protein/adjuvant versus viral vector vaccinees. Within protein/adjuvant groups, delayed boosting further improved B cell immunogenicity compared to a monthly boosting regimen. Consistent with this, delayed boosting also drove more durable anti-DBPRII serum IgG. In an independent vaccine clinical trial with the P. falciparum malaria RH5.1 protein/adjuvant (50µg Matrix-M™) vaccine candidate, we similarly observed enhanced circulating B cell responses in vaccinees receiving a delayed final booster. Notably, a higher frequency of vaccine-specific (putatively long-lived) plasma cells was detected in the bone marrow of these delayed boosting vaccinees by ELISPOT and correlated strongly with serum IgG. Finally, following controlled human malaria infection with P. vivax parasites in the DBPRII trial, in vivo growth inhibition was observed to correlate with DBPRII-specific B cell and serum IgG responses. In contrast, the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were impacted by vaccine platform but not dosing regimen and did not correlate with in vivo growth inhibition in a challenge model. Taken together, our DBPRII and RH5 data suggest an opportunity for protein/adjuvant dosing regimen optimisation in the context of rational vaccine development against pathogens where protection is antibody-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Silk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mimi M. Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia M. Lias
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kirsty McHugh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martino Bardelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd D. W. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J. Edwards
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Virander S. Chauhan
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Chetan E. Chitnis
- Unité de Biologie de Plasmodium et Vaccins, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Angela M. Minassian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Draper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn M. Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Shim J, Park S, Venkateswaran S, Kumar D, Prince C, Parihar V, Maples L, Waller EK, Kugathasan S, Briones M, Lee M, Henry CJ, Prahalad S, Chandrakasan S. Early B-cell development and B-cell maturation are impaired in patients with active hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood 2023; 142:1972-1984. [PMID: 37624902 PMCID: PMC10731577 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by hyperinflammation and multiorgan dysfunction. Infections, including the reactivation of viruses, contribute to significant disease mortality in HLH. Although T-cell and natural killer cell-driven immune activation and dysregulation are well described, limited data exist on the status of B-cell compartment and humoral immune function in HLH. We noted marked suppression of early B-cell development in patients with active HLH. In vitro B-cell differentiation studies after exposure to HLH-defining cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor, recapitulated B-cell development arrest. Messenger RNA sequencing of human CD34+ cells exposed to IFN-γ demonstrated changes in genes and pathways affecting B-cell development and maturation. In addition, patients with active HLH exhibited a marked decrease in class-switched memory B (CSMB) cells and a decrease in bone marrow plasmablast/plasma cell compartments. The decrease in CSMB cells was associated with a decrease in circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells. Finally, lymph node and spleen evaluation in a patient with HLH revealed absent germinal center formation and hemophagocytosis with associated lymphopenia. Reassuringly, the frequency of CSMB and cTfh improved with the control of T-cell activation. Taken together, in patients with active HLH, these changes in B cells may affect the humoral immune response; however, further immune studies are needed to determine its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sunita Park
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chengyu Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vaunita Parihar
- Cancer Tissue and Pathology Shared Resource Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Larkin Maples
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Briones
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Curtis J. Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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9
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Alexandre M, Prague M, McLean C, Bockstal V, Douoguih M, Thiébaut R. Prediction of long-term humoral response induced by the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine against Ebola. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:174. [PMID: 37940656 PMCID: PMC10632397 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of the long-term immune response induced by the heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo two-dose vaccination regimen against Ebola has been investigated in several clinical trials. Longitudinal data on IgG-binding antibody concentrations were analyzed from 487 participants enrolled in six Phase I and Phase II clinical trials conducted by the EBOVAC1 and EBOVAC2 consortia. A model based on ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics of antibodies and short- and long-lived antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) was used to model the humoral response from 7 days after the second vaccination to a follow-up period of 2 years. Using a population-based approach, we first assessed the robustness of the model, which was originally estimated based on Phase I data, against all data. Then we assessed the longevity of the humoral response and identified factors that influence these dynamics. We estimated a half-life of the long-lived ASC of at least 15 years and found an influence of geographic region, sex, and age on the humoral response dynamics, with longer antibody persistence in Europeans and women and higher production of antibodies in younger participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Alexandre
- Department of Public Health, Bordeaux University, Inserm UMR 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Mélanie Prague
- Department of Public Health, Bordeaux University, Inserm UMR 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
- ExeVir, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Department of Public Health, Bordeaux University, Inserm UMR 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France.
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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10
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Roeser A, Lazarus AH, Mahévas M. B cells and antibodies in refractory immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:43-53. [PMID: 37002711 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies secreted by plasma cells (PCs) in many patients. In refractory ITP patients, the persistence of splenic and bone marrow autoreactive long-lived PCs (LLPCs) may explain primary failure of rituximab and splenectomy respectively. The reactivation of autoreactive memory B cells generating new autoreactive PCs contributes to relapses after initial response to rituximab. Emerging strategies targeting B cells and PCs aim to prevent the settlement of splenic LLPCs with the combination of anti-BAFF and rituximab, to deplete autoreactive PCs with anti-CD38 antibodies, and to induce deeper B-cell depletion in tissues with novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and anti-CD19 therapies. Alternative strategies, focused on controlling autoantibody mediated effects, have also been developed, including SYK and BTK inhibitors, complement inhibitors, FcRn blockers and inhibitors of platelet desialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Roeser
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, ATIP-Avenir TeamAI2B, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Alan H Lazarus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthieu Mahévas
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, ATIP-Avenir TeamAI2B, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
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11
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Nguyen DC, Saney C, Hentenaar IT, Cabrera-Mora M, Woodruff MC, Andrews J, Lonial S, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Majority of human circulating plasmablasts stop blasting: A probable misnomer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.10.557057. [PMID: 37745615 PMCID: PMC10515790 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.557057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Following infection or vaccination, early-minted antibody secreting cells (ASC) or plasmablasts appear in circulation transiently, and a small fraction migrates to the spleen or bone marrow (BM) to mature into long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). While LLPC, by definition, are quiescent or non-dividing, the majority of blood ASC are thought to be "blasting" or proliferative. In this study, we find >95% nascent blood ASC in culture express Ki-67 but only 6-12% incorporate BrdU after 4h or 24h labeling. In contrast, <5% BM LLPC in culture are Ki-67 + with no BrdU uptake. Due to limitations of traditional flow cytometry, we utilized a novel optofluidic technology to evaluate cell division with simultaneous functional Ig secretion. We find 11% early-minted blood ASC undergo division, and none of the terminally differentiated BM LLPC (CD19 - CD38 hi CD138 + ) divide during the 7-21 days in culture. While BM LLPC undergo complete cell cycle arrest, the process of differentiation into an ASC of plasmablasts discourages entry into S phase. Since the majority of Ki-67 + nascent blood ASC have exited cell cycle and are no longer actively "blasting", the term "plasmablast", which traditionally refers to an ASC that still has the capacity to divide, may probably be a misnomer.
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12
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Subburayalu J. Immune surveillance and humoral immune responses in kidney transplantation - A look back at T follicular helper cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114842. [PMID: 37503334 PMCID: PMC10368994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper cells comprise a specialized, heterogeneous subset of immune-competent T helper cells capable of influencing B cell responses in lymphoid tissues. In physiology, for example in response to microbial challenges or vaccination, this interaction chiefly results in the production of protecting antibodies and humoral memory. In the context of kidney transplantation, however, immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells can take a life of its own despite matching of human leukocyte antigens and employing the latest immunosuppressive regiments. This puts kidney transplant recipients at risk of subclinical and clinical rejection episodes with a potential risk for allograft loss. In this review, the current understanding of immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells is briefly described in physiological responses to contrast those pathological responses observed after kidney transplantation. Sensitization of T follicular helper cells with the subsequent emergence of detectable donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies, non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies their implication for kidney transplantation and lessons learnt from other transplantation "settings" with special attention to antibody-mediated rejection will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Subburayalu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Lee J, Woodruff MC, Kim EH, Nam JH. Knife's edge: Balancing immunogenicity and reactogenicity in mRNA vaccines. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-00999-x. [PMID: 37430088 PMCID: PMC10394010 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA), there have been tremendous efforts to wield them in the development of therapeutics and vaccines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, two mRNA vaccines were developed and approved in record-breaking time, revolutionizing the vaccine development landscape. Although first-generation COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated over 90% efficacy, alongside strong immunogenicity in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, their durability has lagged compared to long-lived vaccines, such as the yellow fever vaccine. Although worldwide vaccination campaigns have saved lives estimated in the tens of millions, side effects, ranging from mild reactogenicity to rare severe diseases, have been reported. This review provides an overview and mechanistic insights into immune responses and adverse effects documented primarily for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, we discuss the perspectives of this promising vaccine platform and the challenges in balancing immunogenicity and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eui Ho Kim
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Chen W, Hong SH, Jenks SA, Anam FA, Tipton CM, Woodruff MC, Hom JR, Cashman KS, Faliti CE, Wang X, Kyu S, Wei C, Scharer CD, Mi T, Hicks S, Hartson L, Nguyen DC, Khosroshahi A, Lee S, Wang Y, Bugrovsky R, Ishii Y, Lee FEH, Sanz I. SLE Antibody-Secreting Cells Are Characterized by Enhanced Peripheral Maturation and Survival Programs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3016327. [PMID: 37461641 PMCID: PMC10350208 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3016327/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple autoantibodies, some of which are present in high titers in a sustained, B cell-independent fashion consistent with their generation from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Active SLE displays high numbers of circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Understanding the mechanisms of generation and survival of SLE ASC would contribute important insight into disease pathogenesis and novel targeted therapies. We studied the properties of SLE ASC through a systematic analysis of their phenotypic, molecular, structural, and functional features. Our results indicate that in active SLE, relative to healthy post-immunization responses, blood ASC contain a much larger fraction of newly generated mature CD19- CD138+ ASC similar to bone marrow (BM) LLPC. SLE ASC were characterized by morphological and structural features of premature maturation. Additionally, SLE ASC express high levels of CXCR4 and CD138, and molecular programs consistent with increased longevity based on pro-survival and attenuated pro-apoptotic pathways. Notably, SLE ASC demonstrate autocrine production of APRIL and IL-10 and experience prolonged in vitro survival. Combined, our findings indicate that SLE ASC are endowed with enhanced peripheral maturation, survival and BM homing potential suggesting that these features likely underlie BM expansion of autoreactive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott A. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabliha A. Anam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M. Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caterina Elisa Faliti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sakeenah Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Louise Hartson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Doan C. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arezou Khosroshahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youliang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Regina Bugrovsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusho Ishii
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Ramonell RP, Brown M, Woodruff MC, Levy JM, Wise SK, DelGaudio J, Duan M, Saney CL, Kyu S, Cashman KS, Hom JR, Fucile CF, Rosenberg AF, Tipton CM, Sanz I, Gibson GC, Lee FEH. Single-cell analysis of human nasal mucosal IgE antibody secreting cells reveals a newly minted phenotype. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:287-301. [PMID: 36931600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is central to the pathogenesis of allergic conditions, including allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. However, little is known about IgE antibody secreting cells (ASCs). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing from cluster of differentiation (CD)19+ and CD19- ASCs of nasal polyps from patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (n = 3). Nasal polyps were highly enriched in CD19+ ASCs. Class-switched IgG and IgA ASCs were dominant (95.8%), whereas IgE ASCs were rare (2%) and found only in the CD19+ compartment. Through Ig gene repertoire analysis, IgE ASCs shared clones with IgD-CD27- "double-negative" B cells, IgD+CD27+ unswitched memory B cells, and IgD-CD27+ switched memory B cells, suggesting ontogeny from both IgD+ and memory B cells. Transcriptionally, mucosal IgE ASCs upregulate pathways related to antigen presentation, chemotaxis, B cell receptor stimulation, and survival compared with non-IgE ASCs. Additionally, IgE ASCs have a higher expression of genes encoding lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5) and CD23, as well as upregulation of CD74 (receptor for macrophage inhibitory factor), store-operated Calcium entry-associated regulatory factor (SARAF), and B cell activating factor receptor (BAFFR), which resemble an early minted ASC phenotype. Overall, these findings reinforce the paradigm that human ex vivo mucosal IgE ASCs have a more immature plasma cell phenotype than other class-switched mucosal ASCs and suggest unique functional roles for mucosal IgE ASCs in concert with Ig secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Ramonell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah K Wise
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John DelGaudio
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meixue Duan
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Celia L Saney
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin S Cashman
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer R Hom
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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16
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Schäfer AL, Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Kraemer AN, Chevalier N. Crosstalk in the diseased plasma cell niche - the force of inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120398. [PMID: 36895566 PMCID: PMC9989665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Tambur AR, Bestard O, Campbell P, Chong AS, Barrio MC, Ford ML, Gebel HM, Heidt S, Hickey M, Jackson A, Kosmoliaptsis V, Lefaucheur C, Louis K, Mannon RB, Mengel M, Morris A, Pinelli DF, Reed EF, Schinstock C, Taupin JL, Valenzuela N, Wiebe C, Nickerson P. Sensitization in transplantation: Assessment of Risk 2022 Working Group Meeting Report. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:133-149. [PMID: 36695615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Sensitization in Transplantation: Assessment of Risk workgroup is a collaborative effort of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics that aims at providing recommendations for clinical testing, highlights gaps in current knowledge, and proposes areas for further research to enhance histocompatibility testing in support of solid organ transplantation. This report provides updates on topics discussed by the previous Sensitization in Transplantation: Assessment of Risk working groups and introduces 2 areas of exploration: non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies and utilization of human leukocyte antigen antibody testing measurement to evaluate the efficacy of antibody-removal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat R Tambur
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Oriol Bestard
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Campbell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anita S Chong
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha Crespo Barrio
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar & Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Howard M Gebel
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Michelle Hickey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annette Jackson
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carmen Lefaucheur
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR-S970, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Louis
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR-S970, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael Mengel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anna Morris
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David F Pinelli
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Department of Immunology, Saint Louis Hospital and University Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chris Wiebe
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Nickerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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18
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Single cell multi-omic reference atlases of non-human primate immune tissues reveals CD102 as a biomarker for long-lived plasma cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1399. [PMID: 36543997 PMCID: PMC9770566 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection or immunization, antibodies are produced that provide protection against re-exposure with the same pathogen. These antibodies can persist at high titers for decades and are maintained by bone marrow-resident long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). However, the durability of antibody responses to immunization varies amongst vaccines. It is unknown what factors contribute to the differential longevity of serum antibody responses and whether heterogeneity in LLPC contributes to this phenomenon. While LLPC differentiation has been studied extensively in mice, little is known about this population in humans or non-human primates (NHP). Here, we use multi-omic single-cell profiling to identify and characterize the LLPC compartment in NHP. We identify LLPC biomarkers including the marker CD102 and show that CD102 in combination with CD31 identifies LLPC in NHP bone marrow. Additionally, we find that CD102 is expressed by LLPC in mouse and humans. These results further our understanding of the LLPC compartment in NHP, identify biomarkers of LLPC, and provide tissue-specific single cell references for future studies.
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Edelstein J, Fritz M, Lai SK. Challenges and opportunities in gene editing of B cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115285. [PMID: 36241097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
B cells have long been an underutilized target in immune cell engineering, despite a number of unique attributes that could address longstanding challenges in medicine. Notably, B cells evolved to secrete large quantities of antibodies for prolonged periods, making them suitable platforms for long-term protein delivery. Recent advances in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas, have improved the precision and efficiency of engineering and expanded potential applications of engineered B cells. While most work on B cell editing has focused on ex vivo modification, a body of recent work has also advanced the possibility of in vivo editing applications. In this review, we will discuss both past and current approaches to B cell engineering, and its promising applications in immunology research and therapeutic gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Edelstein
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marshall Fritz
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel K Lai
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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20
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Zhao Q, Dai H, Hu Y, Jiang H, Feng Z, Liu W, Dong Z, Tang X, Hou F, Rui H, Liu B. Cytokines network in primary membranous nephropathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Ostwaldt F, Los B, Heyd F. In silico analysis of alternative splicing events implicated in intracellular trafficking during B-lymphocyte differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030409. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are multiple regulatory layers that control intracellular trafficking and protein secretion, ranging from transcriptional to posttranslational mechanisms. Finely regulated trafficking and secretion is especially important for lymphocytes during activation and differentiation, as the quantity of secretory cargo increases once the activated cells start to produce and secrete large amounts of cytokines, cytotoxins, or antibodies. However, how the secretory machinery dynamically adapts its efficiency and specificity in general and specifically in lymphocytes remains incompletely understood. Here we present a systematic bioinformatics analysis to address RNA-based mechanisms that control intracellular trafficking and protein secretion during B-lymphocyte activation, and differentiation, with a focus on alternative splicing. Our in silico analyses suggest that alternative splicing has a substantial impact on the dynamic adaptation of intracellular traffic and protein secretion in different B cell subtypes, pointing to another regulatory layer to the control of lymphocyte function during activation and differentiation. Furthermore, we suggest that NERF/ELF2 controls the expression of some COPII-related genes in a cell type-specific manner. In addition, T cells and B cells appear to use different adaptive strategies to adjust their secretory machineries during the generation of effector and memory cells, with antibody secreting B cell specifically increasing the expression of components of the early secretory pathway. Together, our data provide hypotheses how cell type-specific regulation of the trafficking machinery during immune cell activation and differentiation is controlled that can now be tested in wet lab experiments.
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22
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Theoretical Explanation for the Rarity of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Infection (ADE) in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911364. [PMID: 36232664 PMCID: PMC9569501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has proved to be highly effective. However, the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) upon vaccination remains underinvestigated. Here, we aimed to theoretically determine conditions for the occurrence of ADE in COVID-19. We developed a series of mathematical models of antibody response: model Ab—a model of antibody formation; model Cv—a model of infection spread in the body; and a complete model, which combines the two others. The models describe experimental data on SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans and cell cultures, including viral load dynamics, seroconversion times and antibody concentration kinetics. The modelling revealed that a significant proportion of macrophages can become infected only if they bind antibodies with high probability. Thus, a high probability of macrophage infection and a sufficient amount of pre-existing antibodies are necessary for the development of ADE in SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, from the point of view of the dynamics of pneumocyte infection, the two cases where the body has a high concentration of preexisting antibodies and a high probability of macrophage infection and where there is a low concentration of antibodies in the body and no macrophage infection are indistinguishable. This conclusion could explain the lack of confirmed ADE cases for COVID-19.
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23
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Di Stefano A, Dossena F, Gnemmi I, D'Anna SE, Brun P, Balbi B, Piraino A, Spanevello A, Nucera F, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Maniscalco M, Adcock IM, Caramori G, Ricciardolo FLM. Decreased humoral immune response in the bronchi of rapid decliners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2022; 23:200. [PMID: 35922811 PMCID: PMC9351175 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of COPD patients with a rapid decline in FEV1 is of particular interest for prognostic and therapeutic reasons.
Objective To determine the expression of markers of inflammation in COPD patients with rapid functional decline in comparison to slow or no decliners. Methods In COPD patients monitored for at least 3 years (mean ± SD: 5.8 ± 3 years) for lung functional decline, the expression and localization of inflammatory markers was measured in bronchial biopsies of patients with no lung functional decline (FEV1% + 30 ± 43 ml/year, n = 21), slow (FEV1% ml/year, − 40 ± 19, n = 14) and rapid decline (FEV1% ml/year, − 112 ± 53, n = 15) using immunohistochemistry. ELISA test was used for polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) quantitation “in vitro”. Results The expression of secretory IgA was significantly reduced in bronchial epithelium (p = 0.011) and plasma cell numbers was significantly reduced in the bronchial lamina propria (p = 0.017) of rapid decliners compared to no decliners. Bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD20, NK, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, pIgR, was not changed in epithelium and lamina propria of rapid decliners compared to other groups. Plasma cells/mm2 correlated positively with scored total IgA in lamina propria of all patients. “In vitro” stimulation of 16HBE cells with LPS (10 μg/ml) and IL-8 (10 ng/ml) induced a significant increase while H2O2 (100 μM) significantly decreased pIgR epithelial expression. Conclusion These data show an impaired humoral immune response in rapid decliners with COPD, marked by reduced epithelial secretory IgA and plasma cell numbers in the bronchial lamina propria. These findings may help in the prognostic stratification and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy.
| | - Francesca Dossena
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Silvestro Ennio D'Anna
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Spanevello
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Tradate, VA, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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He C, Luo H, Coelho A, Liu M, Li Q, Xu J, Krämer A, Malin S, Yuan Z, Holmdahl R. NCF4 dependent intracellular reactive oxygen species regulate plasma cell formation. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102422. [PMID: 36095971 PMCID: PMC9482113 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by genetically determined variants of the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex component, NCF4, leads to enhanced production of autoantibodies to collagen type II (COL2) and severe collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. To further understand this process, we used mice harboring a mutation in the lipid endosomal membrane binding site (R58A) of NCF4 subunit. This mutation did not affect the extracellular ROS responses but showed instead decreased intracellular responses following B cell stimulation. Immunization with COL2 led to severe arthritis with increased antibody levels in Ncf458A mutated animals without significant effects on antigen presentation, autoreactive T cell activation and germinal center formation. Instead, plasma cell formation was enhanced and had altered CXCR3/CXCR4 expression. This B cell intrinsic effect was further confirmed with chimeric B cell transfer experiments and in vitro LPS or CD40L with anti-IgM stimulation. We conclude that NCF4 regulates the terminal differentiation of B cells to plasma cells through intracellular ROS. Ncf4R58A selectively affects intracellular ROS production after stimulation. Decreased intracellular ROS in B cell promotes plasma cell formation intrinsically. BCR stimulation induced NOX2 complex-ROS regulates CXCR3 expression on plasma cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huqiao Luo
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Coelho
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Liu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qijing Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Alexander Krämer
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Malin
- Department of Medicine Solna (MedS) Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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25
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Liu JH, Zhang JJ, Han WJ, Cui C, Li MZ, Tian ZY, Bai RM, Li LM. B cell memory responses induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles in BALB/c mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 250:110458. [PMID: 35841772 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A challenging but critical question is that new foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines should be to induce B cell memory to provide antibodies for long-term protection. The maintenance of B cell memory is dependent on long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) and memory B cells. We developed a chimeric FMDV virus-like particles (FMDV-VLPs), fusing VP1-VP4 into HBcAg. In our study, we investigated if or how long B cell memory was induced by FMDV-VLPs in mice. The data showed that FMDV-VLPs can induce memory humoral responses with a high level of total IgG1, IgG2a, IgA, and FMDV-specific IgG antibodies in serum. The persistence of antibody levels in serum could depend on LLPCs. The proportion of LLPCs in CD19+ cells in bone marrow exhibited a dynamic trend with two peaks at 28 days post-immunization (dpi) and 72 dpi, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of memory B cells in CD19+ cells in the spleen increased significantly both at 7 days post primary immunization and at 7 days post -boost immunization. Of note, LLPCs together with memory B cells contribute to the production of FMDV-specific IgG and IgG1. The changes of LLPCs and memory B cells may be related to TNF-α, IL-6 and, CXCL12. Taken together, FMDV-VLPs could induce B cells memory responses. A further understanding of the mechanisms that FMDV-VLPs how we can manipulate the induction and maintenance of memory B cells and LLPCs will promote vaccine design and likely address several challenges to develop FMDV new vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Jun-Juan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Wei-Jian Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Ruo-Man Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
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26
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Nguyen DC, Lamothe PA, Woodruff MC, Saini AS, Faliti CE, Sanz I, Lee FE. COVID-19 and plasma cells: Is there long-lived protection? Immunol Rev 2022; 309:40-63. [PMID: 35801537 PMCID: PMC9350162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global disruptions since early 2020. Memory B cells and durable antibody protection from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are the mainstay of most effective vaccines. However, ending the pandemic has been hampered by the lack of long-lived immunity after infection or vaccination. Although immunizations offer protection from severe disease and hospitalization, breakthrough infections still occur, most likely due to new mutant viruses and the overall decline of neutralizing antibodies after 6 months. Here, we review the current knowledge of B cells, from extrafollicular to memory populations, with a focus on distinct plasma cell subsets, such as early-minted blood antibody-secreting cells and the bone marrow LLPC, and how these humoral compartments contribute to protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Pedro A. Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ankur S. Saini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Frances Eun‐Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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27
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Zerra PE, Parker ET, Baldwin WH, Healey JF, Patel SR, McCoy JW, Cox C, Stowell SR, Meeks SL. Engineering a Therapeutic Protein to Enhance the Study of Anti-Drug Immunity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1724. [PMID: 35885029 PMCID: PMC9313379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of anti-drug antibodies represents a significant barrier to the utilization of protein-based therapies for a wide variety of diseases. While the rate of antibody formation can vary depending on the therapeutic employed and the target patient population receiving the drug, the antigen-specific immune response underlying the development of anti-drug antibodies often remains difficult to define. This is especially true for patients with hemophilia A who, following exposure, develop antibodies against the coagulation factor, factor VIII (FVIII). Models capable of studying this response in an antigen-specific manner have been lacking. To overcome this challenge, we engineered FVIII to contain a peptide (323-339) from the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), a very common tool used to study antigen-specific immunity. FVIII with an OVA peptide (FVIII-OVA) retained clotting activity and possessed the ability to activate CD4 T cells specific to OVA323-339 in vitro. When compared to FVIII alone, FVIII-OVA also exhibited a similar level of immunogenicity, suggesting that the presence of OVA323-339 does not substantially alter the anti-FVIII immune response. Intriguingly, while little CD4 T cell response could be observed following exposure to FVIII-OVA alone, inclusion of anti-FVIII antibodies, recently shown to favorably modulate anti-FVIII immune responses, significantly enhanced CD4 T cell activation following FVIII-OVA exposure. These results demonstrate that model antigens can be incorporated into a therapeutic protein to study antigen-specific responses and more specifically that the CD4 T cell response to FVIII-OVA can be augmented by pre-existing anti-FVIII antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. Zerra
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.E.Z.); (J.W.M.)
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Ernest T. Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Wallace Hunter Baldwin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - John F. Healey
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Seema R. Patel
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - James W. McCoy
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.E.Z.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Courtney Cox
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannon L. Meeks
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.T.P.); (W.H.B.); (J.F.H.); (S.R.P.); (C.C.)
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28
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Li Y, Li P, Ke Y, Yu X, Yu W, Wen K, Shen J, Wang Z. A rare monoclonal antibody discovery based on indirect competitive screening of a single hapten-specific rabbit antibody secreting cell. Analyst 2022; 147:2942-2952. [PMID: 35674177 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rare antibody that is able to tolerate physio-chemical factors is preferred and highly demanded in diagnosis and therapy. Rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RmAbs) are distinguished owing to their high affinity and stability. However, the efficiency and availability of traditional methods for RmAb discovery are limited, particularly for small molecules. Here, we present an indirect competitive screening method in nanowells, named CSMN, for single rabbit antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) selection with 20.6 h and propose an efficient platform for RmAb production against small molecules within 5.8 days for the first time. Chloramphenicol (CAP) as an antibacterial agent poses a great threat to public health. We applied CSMN to select CAP-specific ASCs and produced one high-affinity RmAb, surprisingly showed extremely halophilic properties with an IC50 of 0.08 ng mL-1 in the saturated salt solution, which has not yet been seen for other antibodies. The molecular dynamic simulation showed that the negatively charged surface improved the stability of the RmAb structure with additional disulfide bonds compared with mouse antibodies. Moreover, the reduced solvent accessible surface area of the binding pocket increased the interactions of RmAb with CAP in a saturated salt solution. Furthermore, RmAb was used to develop an immunoassay for the detection of CAP in real biological samples with simple pretreatment, shorter assay time, and higher sensitivity. The results demonstrated that the practical and efficient CSMN is suitable for rare RmAb discovery against small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peipei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518000 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Barakos GP, Hatzimichael E. Microenvironmental Features Driving Immune Evasion in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10020033. [PMID: 35735633 PMCID: PMC9221594 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow, besides the known functions of hematopoiesis, is an active organ of the immune system, functioning as a sanctuary for several mature immune cells. Moreover, evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells (the bone marrow’s functional unit) are capable of directly sensing and responding to an array of exogenous stimuli. This chronic immune stimulation is harmful to normal hematopoietic stem cells, while essential for the propagation of myeloid diseases, which show a dysregulated immune microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory activity and immune dysfunction, that drive excessive cellular death and through immune evasion assist in cancer cell expansion. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is another example of immune response failure, with features that augment immune evasion and suppression. In this review, we will outline some of the functions of the bone marrow with immunological significance and describe the alterations in the immune landscape of MDS and AML that drive disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Petros Barakos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Piraeus “Tzaneio”, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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30
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Effects of the age of vaccination on the humoral responses to a human papillomavirus vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:37. [PMID: 35292655 PMCID: PMC8924199 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult vaccination programs are receiving increasing attention however, little is known regarding the impact of age on the maintenance of the immune response. We investigated this issue in the context of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program collecting real-world data on the durability of humoral immunity in 315 female subjects stratified according to vaccination age (adolescents and adults) and sampled at early or late time points after the last vaccine dose. HPV-specific IgGs, but not memory B cells, were induced and maintained at higher levels in subjects vaccinated during adolescence. Nonetheless, antibody functions waned over time to a similar degree in adolescents and adults. To shed light on this phenomena, we analyzed quantitative and qualitative properties of lymphocytes. Similar biochemical features were observed between B-cell subsets from individuals belonging to the two age groups. Long term humoral responses toward vaccines administered at an earlier age were comparably maintained between adolescents and adults. The percentages of naïve B and CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in adolescents, and the latter directly correlated with IgG titers against 3 out of 4 HPV types. Our results indicate that age-specific HPV vaccine responsiveness is mostly due to quantitative differences of immune cell precursors rather than qualitative defects in B cells. In addition, our results indicate that adults also have a good humoral immunogenic profile, suggesting that their inclusion in catch-up programmes is desirable.
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31
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DI Stefano A, Gnemmi I, Dossena F, Ricciardolo FL, Maniscalco M, Lo Bello F, Balbi B. Pathogenesis of COPD at the cellular and molecular level. Minerva Med 2022; 113:405-423. [PMID: 35138077 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory responses in the lung of patients with stable mild-to severe forms of COPD play a central role in the definition, comprehension and monitoring of the disease state. A better understanding of the COPD pathogenesis can't avoid a detailed knowledge of these inflammatory changes altering the functional health of the lung during the disease progression. We here summarize and discuss the role and principal functions of the inflammatory cells populating the large, small airways and lung parenchyma of patients with COPD of increasing severity in comparison with healthy control subjects: T and B lymphocytes, NK and Innate Lymphoid cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. The differential inflammatory distribution in large and small airways of patients is also discussed. Furthermore, relevant cellular mechanisms controlling the homeostasis and the "normal" balance of these inflammatory cells and of structural cells in the lung, such as autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis are as well presented and discussed in the context of the COPD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino DI Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy -
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Dossena
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio L Ricciardolo
- Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital Orbassano, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Telese, Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
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32
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Weaver KL, Blackwood CB, Horspool AM, Pyles GM, Sen-Kilic E, Grayson EM, Huckaby AB, Witt WT, DeJong MA, Wolf MA, Damron FH, Barbier M. Long-Term Analysis of Pertussis Vaccine Immunity to Identify Potential Markers of Vaccine-Induced Memory Associated With Whole Cell But Not Acellular Pertussis Immunization in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838504. [PMID: 35211125 PMCID: PMC8861382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over two decades ago acellular pertussis vaccines (aP) replaced whole cell pertussis vaccines (wP) in several countries. Since then, a resurgence in pertussis has been observed, which is hypothesized to be linked, in part, to waning immunity. To better understand why waning immunity occurs, we developed a long-term outbred CD1 mouse model to conduct the longest murine pertussis vaccine studies to date, spanning out to 532 days post primary immunization. Vaccine-induced memory results from follicular responses and germinal center formation; therefore, cell populations and cytokines involved with memory were measured alongside protection from challenge. Both aP and wP immunization elicit protection from intranasal challenge by decreasing bacterial burden in both the upper and lower airways, and by generation of pertussis specific antibody responses in mice. Responses to wP vaccination were characterized by a significant increase in T follicular helper cells in the draining lymph nodes and CXCL13 levels in sera compared to aP mice. In addition, a population of B. pertussis+ memory B cells was found to be unique to wP vaccinated mice. This population peaked post-boost, and was measurable out to day 365 post-vaccination. Anti-B. pertussis and anti-pertussis toxoid antibody secreting cells increased one day after boost and remained high at day 532. The data suggest that follicular responses, and in particular CXCL13 levels in sera, could be monitored in pre-clinical and clinical studies for the development of the next-generation pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Weaver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Catherine B. Blackwood
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alexander M. Horspool
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gage M. Pyles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Emily M. Grayson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Annalisa B. Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - William T. Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Megan A. DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - M. Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States,*Correspondence: Mariette Barbier,
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33
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Broketa M, Bruhns P. Single-Cell Technologies for the Study of Antibody-Secreting Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:821729. [PMID: 35173713 PMCID: PMC8841722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.821729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC), plasmablasts and plasma cells, are terminally differentiated B cells responsible for large-scale production and secretion of antibodies. ASC are derived from activated B cells, which may differentiate extrafollicularly or form germinal center (GC) reactions within secondary lymphoid organs. ASC therefore consist of short-lived, poorly matured plasmablasts that generally secrete lower-affinity antibodies, or long-lived, highly matured plasma cells that generally secrete higher-affinity antibodies. The ASC population is responsible for producing an immediate humoral B cell response, the polyclonal antibody repertoire, as well as in parallel building effective humoral memory and immunity, or potentially driving pathology in the case of autoimmunity. ASC are phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct from other B cells and further distinguishable by morphology, varied lifespans, and anatomical localization. Single cell analyses are required to interrogate the functional and transcriptional diversity of ASC and their secreted antibody repertoire and understand the contribution of individual ASC responses to the polyclonal humoral response. Here we summarize the current and emerging functional and molecular techniques for high-throughput characterization of ASC with single cell resolution, including flow and mass cytometry, spot-based and microfluidic-based assays, focusing on functional approaches of the secreted antibodies: specificity, affinity, and secretion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Broketa
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Matteo Broketa, ; Pierre Bruhns,
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Matteo Broketa, ; Pierre Bruhns,
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34
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Seals MR, Moran MM, Leavenworth JD, Leavenworth JW. Contribution of Dysregulated B-Cells and IgE Antibody Responses to Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900117. [PMID: 35784370 PMCID: PMC9243362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the brain and spinal cord, causes demyelination of neurons, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration. MS and the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model have been viewed mainly as T-cell-mediated diseases. Emerging data have suggested the contribution of B-cells and autoantibodies to the disease progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which dysregulated B-cells and antibody response promote MS and EAE remain largely unclear. Here, we provide an updated review of this specific subject by including B-cell biology and the role of B-cells in triggering autoimmune neuroinflammation with a focus on the regulation of antibody-producing B-cells. We will then discuss the role of a specific type of antibody, IgE, as it relates to the potential regulation of microglia and macrophage activation, autoimmunity and MS/EAE development. This knowledge can be utilized to develop new and effective therapeutic approaches to MS, which fits the scope of the Research Topic "Immune Mechanism in White Matter Lesions: Clinical and Pathophysiological Implications".
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik R Seals
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Multidisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Monica M Moran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan D Leavenworth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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35
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Roth GA, Picece VCTM, Ou BS, Luo W, Pulendran B, Appel EA. Designing spatial and temporal control of vaccine responses. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:174-195. [PMID: 34603749 PMCID: PMC8477997 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases. However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a challenge. As our knowledge of the immune system deepens, it becomes clear that vaccine components must be in the right place at the right time to orchestrate a potent and durable response. Material platforms, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels and microneedles, can be engineered to spatially and temporally control the interactions of vaccine components with immune cells. Materials-based vaccination strategies can augment the immune response by improving innate immune cell activation, creating local inflammatory niches, targeting lymph node delivery and controlling the time frame of vaccine delivery, with the goal of inducing enhanced memory immunity to protect against future infections. In this Review, we highlight the biological mechanisms underlying strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and explore materials design strategies to manipulate and control these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie A. Roth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Vittoria C. T. M. Picece
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ben S. Ou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Paediatrics — Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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36
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Giannotta G, Giannotta N. mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines and Long-Lived Plasma Cells: A Complicated Relationship. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1503. [PMID: 34960249 PMCID: PMC8703557 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have hegemonized the world market, and their administration to the population promises to stop the pandemic. However, the waning of the humoral immune response, which does not seem to last so many months after the completion of the vaccination program, has led us to study the molecular immunological mechanisms of waning immunity in the case of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We consulted the published scientific literature and from the few articles we found, we were convinced that there is an immunological memory problem after vaccination. Although mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated to induce antigen-specific memory B cells (MBCs) in the human population, there is no evidence that these vaccines induce the production of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), in a SARS-CoV-2 virus naïve population. This obstacle, in our point of view, is caused by the presence, in almost all subjects, of a cellular T and B cross-reactive memory produced during past exposures to the common cold coronaviruses. Due to this interference, it is difficult for a vaccination with the Spike protein alone, without adjuvants capable of prolonging the late phase of the generation of the immunological memory, to be able to determine the production of protective LLPCs. This would explain the possibility of previously and completely vaccinated subjects to become infected, already 4-6 months after the completion of the vaccination cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Giannotta
- Medical and Surgery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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37
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Kyu S, Ramonell RP, Kuruvilla M, Kraft CS, Wang YF, Falsey AR, Walsh EE, Daiss JL, Paulos S, Rajam G, Wu H, Velusamy S, Lee FEH. Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection using circulating antibody secreting cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259644. [PMID: 34767590 PMCID: PMC8589192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae infections cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. A rapid, simple diagnostic method could reduce the time needed to introduce definitive therapy potentially improving patient outcomes. METHODS We introduce two new methods for diagnosing S. pneumoniae infections by measuring the presence of newly activated, pathogen-specific, circulating Antibody Secreting Cells (ASC). First, ASC were detected by ELISpot assays that measure cells secreting antibodies specific for signature antigens. Second, the antibodies secreted by isolated ASC were collected in vitro in a novel matrix, MENSA (media enriched with newly synthesized antibodies) and antibodies against S. pneumoniae antigens were measured using Luminex immunoassays. Each assay was evaluated using blood from S. pneumoniae and non-S. pneumoniae-infected adult patients. RESULTS We enrolled 23 patients with culture-confirmed S. pneumoniae infections and 24 controls consisting of 12 non-S. pneumoniae infections, 10 healthy donors and two colonized with S. pneumoniae. By ELISpot assays, twenty-one of 23 infected patients were positive, and all 24 controls were negative. Using MENSA samples, four of five S. pneumoniae-infected patients were positive by Luminex immunoassays while all five non-S. pneumoniae-infected patients were negative. CONCLUSION Specific antibodies produced by activated ASC may provide a simple diagnostic for ongoing S. pneumoniae infections. This method has the potential to diagnose acute bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Merin Kuruvilla
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Colleen S. Kraft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yun F. Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward E. Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - John L. Daiss
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research and Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- MicroB-plex, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Simon Paulos
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Srinivasan Velusamy
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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38
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Neumeier D, Pedrioli A, Genovese A, Sandu I, Ehling R, Hong KL, Papadopoulou C, Agrafiotis A, Kuhn R, Shlesinger D, Robbiani D, Han J, Hauri L, Csepregi L, Greiff V, Merkler D, Reddy ST, Oxenius A, Yermanos A. Profiling the specificity of clonally expanded plasma cells during chronic viral infection by single-cell analysis. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:297-311. [PMID: 34727578 PMCID: PMC9299196 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cells and their secreted antibodies play a central role in the long-term protection against chronic viral infection. However, due to experimental limitations, a comprehensive description of linked genotypic, phenotypic, and antibody repertoire features of plasma cells (gene expression, clonal frequency, virus specificity, and affinity) has been challenging to obtain. To address this, we performed single-cell transcriptome and antibody repertoire sequencing of the murine BM plasma cell population following chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Our single-cell sequencing approach recovered full-length and paired heavy- and light-chain sequence information for thousands of plasma cells and enabled us to perform recombinant antibody expression and specificity screening. Antibody repertoire analysis revealed that, relative to protein immunization, chronic infection led to increased levels of clonal expansion, class-switching, and somatic variants. Furthermore, antibodies from the highly expanded and class-switched (IgG) plasma cells were found to be specific for multiple viral antigens and a subset of clones exhibited cross-reactivity to nonviral and autoantigens. Integrating single-cell transcriptome data with antibody specificity suggested that plasma cell transcriptional phenotype was correlated to viral antigen specificity. Our findings demonstrate that chronic viral infection can induce and sustain plasma cell clonal expansion, combined with significant somatic hypermutation, and can generate cross-reactive antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Neumeier
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roy Ehling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Lin Hong
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chrysa Papadopoulou
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Agrafiotis
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Kuhn
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Damiano Robbiani
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jiami Han
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Hauri
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Csepregi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sai T Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Yermanos
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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39
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Van Lent J, Breukers J, Ven K, Ampofo L, Horta S, Pollet F, Imbrechts M, Geukens N, Vanhoorelbeke K, Declerck P, Lammertyn J. Miniaturized single-cell technologies for monoclonal antibody discovery. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3627-3654. [PMID: 34505611 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00243k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) are among the most important class of biologicals, showcasing a high therapeutic and diagnostic value. In the global therapeutic Ab market, fully-human monoclonal Abs (FH-mAbs) are flourishing thanks to their low immunogenicity and high specificity. The rapidly emerging field of single-cell technologies has paved the way to efficiently discover mAbs by facilitating a fast screening of the antigen (Ag)-specificity and functionality of Abs expressed by B cells. This review summarizes the principles and challenges of the four key concepts to discover mAbs using these technologies, being confinement of single cells using either droplet microfluidics or microstructure arrays, identification of the cells of interest, retrieval of those cells and single-cell sequence determination required for mAb production. This review reveals the enormous potential for mix-and-matching of the above-mentioned strategies, which is illustrated by the plethora of established, highly integrated devices. Lastly, an outlook is given on the many opportunities and challenges that still lie ahead to fully exploit miniaturized single-cell technologies for mAb discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Lent
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Jolien Breukers
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Karen Ven
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Louanne Ampofo
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sara Horta
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Francesca Pollet
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Maya Imbrechts
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
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Nguyen DC, Duan M, Ali M, Ley A, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Plasma cell survival: The intrinsic drivers, migratory signals, and extrinsic regulators. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:138-153. [PMID: 34337772 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are the effectors of protective humoral immunity and the only cell type that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins in mammals. In addition to their formidable capacity to secrete massive quantities of proteins, ASC are terminally differentiated and have unique features to become long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Upon antigen encounter, B cells are activated through a complex multistep process to undergo fundamental morphological, subcellular, and molecular transformation to become an efficient protein factory with lifelong potential. The ASC survival potential is determined by factors at the time of induction, capacity to migration from induction to survival sites, and ability to mature in the specialized bone marrow microenvironments. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying factors regulating ASC longevity. Here, we review the intrinsic drivers, trafficking signals, and extrinsic regulators with particular focus on how they impact the survival potential to become a LLPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meixue Duan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ariel Ley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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41
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Grandjean L, Saso A, Ortiz AT, Lam T, Hatcher J, Thistlethwayte R, Harris M, Best T, Johnson M, Wagstaffe H, Ralph E, Mai A, Colijn C, Breuer J, Buckland M, Gilmour K, Goldblatt D. Long-Term Persistence of Spike Antibody and Predictive Modeling of Antibody Dynamics Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1220-1229. [PMID: 34218284 PMCID: PMC8994590 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been shown to neutralize the virus in vitro and prevent disease in animal challenge models on reexposure. However, the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 humoral dynamics and longevity is conflicting. Methods The COVID-19 Staff Testing of Antibody Responses Study (Co-Stars) prospectively enrolled 3679 healthcare workers to comprehensively characterize the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S), receptor-binding domain, and nucleoprotein (N) antibodies in parallel. Participants screening seropositive had serial monthly serological testing for a maximum of 7 months with the Meso Scale Discovery Assay. Survival analysis determined the proportion of seroreversion, while 2 hierarchical gamma models predicted the upper and lower bounds of long-term antibody trajectory. Results A total of 1163 monthly samples were provided from 349 seropositive participants. At 200 days after symptoms, >95% of participants had detectable S antibodies, compared with 75% with detectable N antibodies. S antibody was predicted to remain detectable in 95% of participants until 465 days (95% confidence interval, 370–575 days) using a “continuous-decay” model and indefinitely using a “decay-to-plateau” model to account for antibody secretion by long-lived plasma cells. S-antibody titers were correlated strongly with surrogate neutralization in vitro (R2 = 0.72). N antibodies, however, decayed rapidly with a half-life of 60 days (95% confidence interval, 52–68 days). Conclusions The Co-Stars data presented here provide evidence for long-term persistence of neutralizing S antibodies. This has important implications for the duration of functional immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, the rapid decay of N antibodies must be considered in future seroprevalence studies and public health decision-making. This is the first study to establish a mathematical framework capable of predicting long-term humoral dynamics after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04380896.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Grandjean
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Anja Saso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London.,Department of Tropical and Infectious diseases; LSHTM, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London.,MRC Gambia at LSHTM, PO Box 273, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Arturo Torres Ortiz
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Paddington, London
| | - Tanya Lam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - James Hatcher
- Department of Microbiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | | | - Mark Harris
- Quality Improvement, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Timothy Best
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Paddington, London
| | - Marina Johnson
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Helen Wagstaffe
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ralph
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Annabelle Mai
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Caroline Colijn
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Matthew Buckland
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Kimberly Gilmour
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - David Goldblatt
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
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Tumor cells in light-chain amyloidosis and myeloma show different transcriptional rewiring of normal plasma cell development. Blood 2021; 138:1583-1589. [PMID: 34133718 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although light-chain amyloidosis (AL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are characterized by tumor plasma cell (PC) expansion in bone marrow (BM), their clinical presentation differs. Previous attempts to identify unique pathogenic mechanisms behind such differences were unsuccessful, but there are no studies investigating the differentiation stage of tumor PCs in patients with AL and MM. We sought to define a transcriptional atlas of normal PC development (n=11) in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), peripheral blood (PB) and BM for comparison with the transcriptional programs (TPs) of tumor PCs in AL (n=37), MM (n=46) and MGUS (n=6). Based on bulk and single-cell RNAseq, we observed thirteen TPs during transition of normal PCs throughout SLO, PB and BM; that CD39 outperforms CD19 to discriminate new-born from long-lived BM-PCs; that tumor PCs expressed the most advantageous TPs of normal PC differentiation; that AL shares greater similarity to SLO-PCs whereas MM is transcriptionally closer to PB-PCs and new-born BM-PCs; that AL and MM patients enriched in immature TPs had inferior survival; and that TPs related with protein N-linked glycosylation are upregulated in AL. Collectively, we provide a novel resource to understand normal PC development and the transcriptional reorganization of AL and other monoclonal gammopathies.
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43
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The Bone Marrow as Sanctuary for Plasma Cells and Memory T-Cells: Implications for Adaptive Immunity and Vaccinology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061508. [PMID: 34203839 PMCID: PMC8232593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is key to protective immunological memory because it harbors a major fraction of the body’s plasma cells, memory CD4+ and memory CD8+ T-cells. Despite its paramount significance for the human immune system, many aspects of how the BM enables decade-long immunity against pathogens are still poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the relationship between BM survival niches and long-lasting humoral immunity, how intrinsic and extrinsic factors define memory cell longevity and show that the BM is also capable of adopting many responsibilities of a secondary lymphoid organ. Additionally, with more and more data on the differentiation and maintenance of memory T-cells and plasma cells upon vaccination in humans being reported, we discuss what factors determine the establishment of long-lasting immunological memory in the BM and what we can learn for vaccination technologies and antigen design. Finally, using these insights, we touch on how this holistic understanding of the BM is necessary for the development of modern and efficient vaccines against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
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44
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Papillion A, Ballesteros-Tato A. The Potential of Harnessing IL-2-Mediated Immunosuppression to Prevent Pathogenic B Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667342. [PMID: 33986755 PMCID: PMC8112607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs can partially control Antibody (Ab)-dependent pathology. However, these therapeutic regimens must be maintained for the patient's lifetime, which is often associated with severe side effects. As research advances, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of auto-reactive B cell responses has significantly advanced. As a result, novel immunotherapies aimed to restore immune tolerance and prevent disease progression in autoimmune patients are underway. In this regard, encouraging results from clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate that subcutaneous administration of low-doses of recombinant Interleukin-2 (r-IL2) has potent immunosuppressive effects in patients with autoimmune pathologies. Although the exact mechanism by which IL-2 induces immunosuppression remains unclear, the clinical benefits of the current IL-2-based immunotherapies are attributed to its effect on bolstering T regulatory (Treg) cells, which are known to suppress overactive immune responses. In addition to Tregs, however, rIL-2 also directly prevent the T follicular helper cells (Tfh), T helper 17 cells (Th17), and Double Negative (DN) T cell responses, which play critical roles in the development of autoimmune disorders and have the ability to help pathogenic B cells. Here we discuss the broader effects of rIL-2 immunotherapy and the potential of combining rIL-2 with other cytokine-based therapies to more efficiently target Tfh cells, Th17, and DN T cells and subsequently inhibit auto-antibody (ab) production in autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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45
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Bonaud A, Lemos JP, Espéli M, Balabanian K. Hematopoietic Multipotent Progenitors and Plasma Cells: Neighbors or Roommates in the Mouse Bone Marrow Ecosystem? Front Immunol 2021; 12:658535. [PMID: 33936091 PMCID: PMC8083056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a complex ecosystem in which hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells reside. In this review, we discuss the bone marrow niches in mice that facilitate the survival, maintenance, and differentiation of cells of hematopoietic origin based on the recent literature. Our review places a special focus on the hematopoietic multipotent progenitors and on plasma cells, corresponding to the last stage of the B-cell lineage, that play a key role in the humoral memory response. We highlight the similarities between the microenvironments necessary for the establishment and the maintenance of these two immune cell subsets, and how the chemokine CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis contributes to these processes. Finally, we bring elements to address the following question: are multipotent progenitors and plasma cells neighbors or roommates within the bone marrow?
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julia P Lemos
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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46
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Nilsson A, Chiodi F. Early Antiretroviral Therapy May Preserve Vaccine Responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients by Preventing Damage to Long-Lived Plasma Cells. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:176-179. [PMID: 31867631 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilsson
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology at Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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47
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Huang KYA, Tan TK, Chen TH, Huang CG, Harvey R, Hussain S, Chen CP, Harding A, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Liu X, Knight M, Schimanski L, Shih SR, Lin YC, Cheng CY, Cheng SH, Huang YC, Lin TY, Jan JT, Ma C, James W, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Rijal P, Townsend AR. Breadth and function of antibody response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009352. [PMID: 33635919 PMCID: PMC8130932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological and plasmablast responses and plasmablast-derived IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been analysed in three COVID-19 patients with different clinical severities. Potent humoral responses were detected within 3 weeks of onset of illness in all patients and the serological titre was elicited soon after or concomitantly with peripheral plasmablast response. An average of 13.7% and 3.5% of plasmablast-derived MAbs were reactive with virus spike glycoprotein or nucleocapsid, respectively. A subset of anti-spike (10 of 32) antibodies cross-reacted with other betacoronaviruses tested and harboured extensive somatic mutations, indicative of an expansion of memory B cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fourteen of 32 anti-spike MAbs, including five anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), three anti-non-RBD S1 and six anti-S2, neutralised wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in independent assays. Anti-RBD MAbs were further grouped into four cross-inhibiting clusters, of which six antibodies from three separate clusters blocked the binding of RBD to ACE2 and five were neutralising. All ACE2-blocking anti-RBD antibodies were isolated from two recovered patients with prolonged fever, which is compatible with substantial ACE2-blocking response in their sera. Finally, the identification of non-competing pairs of neutralising antibodies would offer potential templates for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adam Harding
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney S. Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W. McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Gklinos P, Papadopoulou M, Stanulovic V, Mitsikostas DD, Papadopoulos D. Monoclonal Antibodies as Neurological Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020092. [PMID: 33530460 PMCID: PMC7912592 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 years the role of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics has increased enormously, revolutionizing treatment in most medical specialties, including neurology. Monoclonal antibodies are key therapeutic agents for several neurological conditions with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms, including multiple sclerosis, migraines and neuromuscular disease. In addition, a great number of monoclonal antibodies against several targets are being investigated for many more neurological diseases, which reflects our advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. Untangling the molecular mechanisms of disease allows monoclonal antibodies to block disease pathways accurately and efficiently with exceptional target specificity, minimizing non-specific effects. On the other hand, accumulating experience shows that monoclonal antibodies may carry class-specific and target-associated risks. This article provides an overview of different types of monoclonal antibodies and their characteristics and reviews monoclonal antibodies currently in use or under development for neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Gklinos
- Department of Neurology, KAT General Hospital of Attica, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Miranta Papadopoulou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vid Stanulovic
- Global Pharmacovigilance, R&D Sanofi, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France;
| | - Dimos D. Mitsikostas
- 1st Neurology Department, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 129 Vasilissis Sophias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Salpetriere Neuropsychiatric Clinic, 149 Papandreou Street, Metamorphosi, 14452 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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49
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Li S, Wang W, Li T, Han X, Hu C, Wang Y, Shen M, Du L, Nai Y, Wang J, Jin A. Immune characteristics analysis reveals two key inflammatory factors correlated to the expressions of SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific antibodies. Genes Dis 2020; 9:522-530. [PMID: 33521209 PMCID: PMC7832135 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has made serious threats to the public health. Antibodies have been considered as promising therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of pathogens. So far, effectors that can influence the sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients are still unclear. In this paper, we attempted to find potential key factors correlated with SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. Transcriptional analysis with the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) revealed proportional changes of immune cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescent patients, including a substantial decrease of monocytes and evident increase of dendritic cells (DCs). Moreover, we found that the gene expressions of chemokines associated with monocyte/macrophage were significantly up-regulated during the COVID-19 recovery phase. Most importantly, we found a set of 27 immune genes corresponding to a comparatively lower amount of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, and identified two hub genes, IL1β and IL6, the protein expressions of which exhibited negative correlation with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in COVID-19 convalescent sera. In addition, we found that high expressions of these 2 hub genes during the convalescent stage were negatively associated with the plasma cell marker CD138. Our study presented two key inflammatory factors correlated to the low level of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, which indicated the potential regulatory process of plasmatic antibodies levels in some COVID-19 convalescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojian Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingming Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiying Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Li Du
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Nai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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50
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Luo B, Zhan Y, Luo M, Dong H, Liu J, Lin Y, Zhang J, Wang G, Verhoeyen E, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Engineering of α-PD-1 antibody-expressing long-lived plasma cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted gene integration. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:973. [PMID: 33184267 PMCID: PMC7661525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) are robust specialized antibody-secreting cells that mainly stay in the bone marrow and can persist a lifetime. As they can be generated by inducing the differentiation of B-lymphocytes, we investigated the possibility that human LLPCs might be engineered to express α-PD-1 monoclonal antibody to substitute recombinant α-PD-1 antitumor immunotherapy. To this end, we inserted an α-PD-1 cassette into the GAPDH locus through Cas9/sgRNA-guided specific integration in B-lymphocytes, which was mediated by an integrase-defective lentiviral vector. The edited B cells were capable of differentiating into LLPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional profiling analysis confirmed that these cells were typical LLPCs. Importantly, these cells secreted de novo antibodies persistently, which were able to inhibit human melanoma growth via an antibody-mediated checkpoint blockade in xenograft-tumor mice. Our work suggests that the engineered LLPCs may be utilized as a vehicle to constantly produce special antibodies for long-term cellular immunotherapy to eradicate tumors and cellular reservoirs for various pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Luo
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yikang Zhan
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minqi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingtong Lin
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanwen Wang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology, Research team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204, Nice, France
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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