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Missong H, Joshi R, Khullar N, Thareja S, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Nutrient-epigenome interactions: Implications for personalized nutrition against aging-associated diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109592. [PMID: 38325612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process involving genetic and environmental interactions often resulting in epigenetic changes, potentially leading to aging-related diseases. Various strategies, like dietary interventions and calorie restrictions, have been employed to modify these epigenetic landscapes. A burgeoning field of interest focuses on the role of microbiota in human health, emphasizing system biology and computational approaches. These methods help decipher the intricate interplay between diet and gut microbiota, facilitating the creation of personalized nutrition strategies. In this review, we analysed the mechanisms related to nutritional interventions while highlighting the influence of dietary strategies, like calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, on microbial composition and function. We explore how gut microbiota affects the efficacy of interventions using tools like multi-omics data integration, network analysis, and machine learning. These tools enable us to pinpoint critical regulatory elements and generate individualized models for dietary responses. Lastly, we emphasize the need for a deeper comprehension of nutrient-epigenome interactions and the potential of personalized nutrition informed by individual genetic and epigenetic profiles. As knowledge and technology advance, dietary epigenetics stands on the cusp of reshaping our strategy against aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Missong
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Riya Joshi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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2
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Verma A, Bhagchandani T, Rai A, Nikita, Sardarni UK, Bhavesh NS, Gulati S, Malik R, Tandon R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14648-14671. [PMID: 38585101 PMCID: PMC10993281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut-lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut-lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Rai
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur Sardarni
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription
Regulation Group, International Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sameer Gulati
- Department
of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
(LHMC), New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Rupali Malik
- Department
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Purifoy EJ, Mruk K. Differential Roles of Diet on Development and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Larval Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2024; 21:214-222. [PMID: 38621204 PMCID: PMC11035855 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful model organism for studying development and regeneration. However, there is a lack of a standardized reference diet for developmental and regeneration experiments. Most studies evaluate the rate of growth, survival, and fecundity. In this study, we compare three diets and their effects on growth and regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Fish were fed daily for 1 week with daily measurements of overall length and width of spinal injury. Fish fed a live rotifer diet grew 32%, whereas a commercially available diet only led to a 4% increase in body length. Similarly, differences in rate of regeneration were observed with over 80% of rotifer-fed larvae forming a glial bridge after injury compared to <10% of zebrafish fed with the commercial diet. Our data highlight the need for establishing a standardized diet for regeneration studies to improve research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Purifoy
- Wyoming Research Scholars Program and University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Karen Mruk
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Li L, Jing S, Tang Y, Li D, Qin M. The effects of food provisioning on the gut microbiota community and antibiotic resistance genes of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1361218. [PMID: 38567076 PMCID: PMC10985317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) are the highest elevation lived non-human primate, and their survival has been threatened for decades. To promote their population growth, a reserve provides a typical monkey population with supplemental food. However, the influences of this food provisioning on their gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were unknown. Therefore, we investigated the gut microbiota and ARGs of the food-provisioned monkey population compared with another wild foraging population. We found that food provisioning significantly increased the gut microbiota diversity and changed the community composition, particularly increased both the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Meanwhile, the food provisioning decreased the complex and stable gut microbiota network. KEGG functions were also influenced by food provisioning, with wild foraging monkeys showing higher functions of metabolism and genetic information processing, especially the carbohydrate metabolism, while food-provisioned monkeys exhibited increased environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems, including valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation. In addition, food provisioning increased the abundance of ARGs in the gut microbiota, with most increasing the abundance of bacA gene and changing the correlations between specific ARGs and bacterial phyla in each population. Our study highlights that even food provisioning could promote wildlife nutrient intake, and it is necessary to pay attention to the increased ARGs and potential effects on gut microbiota stability and functions for this human conservation measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Shan Jing
- School of Electrical Information Engineering, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Mingsen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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Dridi C, Millette M, Salmieri S, Aguilar Uscanga BR, Lacroix S, Venneri T, Sarmast E, Allahdad Z, Di Marzo V, Silvestri C, Lacroix M. Effect of a Probiotic Beverage Enriched with Cricket Proteins on the Gut Microbiota: Composition of Gut and Correlation with Nutritional Parameters. Foods 2024; 13:204. [PMID: 38254505 PMCID: PMC10814958 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The health and balance of the gut microbiota are known to be linked to diet composition and source, with fermented products and dietary proteins potentially providing an exceptional advantage for the gut. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein hydrolysis, using a probiotic beverage enriched with either cricket protein (CP) or cricket protein hydrolysates (CP.Hs), on the composition of the gut microbiota of rats. Taxonomic characterization of the gut microbiota in fecal samples was carried out after a 14-day nutritional study to identify modifications induced by a CP- and CP.H-enriched fermented probiotic product. The results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota among the groups fed with casein (positive control), CP-enriched, and fermented CP.H-enriched probiotic beverages; however, the overall composition of the microbiota was altered, with significant modifications in the relative abundance of several bacterial families and genera. In addition, fermented CP.H-enriched probiotic beverages could be related to the decrease in the number of potential pathogens such as Enterococcaceae. The association of gut microbiota with the nutritional parameters was determined and the results showed that digestibility and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were highly associated with the abundance of several taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Dridi
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food (RESALA), Canadian Irradiation Centre (CIC), INRS Armand-Frappier Health Biotechnology Research Centre, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada (M.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mathieu Millette
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food (RESALA), Canadian Irradiation Centre (CIC), INRS Armand-Frappier Health Biotechnology Research Centre, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada (M.M.)
- Bio-K+, a Kerry Company, Preclinical Research Division, Laval, QC H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Stephane Salmieri
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food (RESALA), Canadian Irradiation Centre (CIC), INRS Armand-Frappier Health Biotechnology Research Centre, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada (M.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Blanca R. Aguilar Uscanga
- Research Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Sebastien Lacroix
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Tommaso Venneri
- Joint International Research Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiomeand Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elham Sarmast
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food (RESALA), Canadian Irradiation Centre (CIC), INRS Armand-Frappier Health Biotechnology Research Centre, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada (M.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zahra Allahdad
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food (RESALA), Canadian Irradiation Centre (CIC), INRS Armand-Frappier Health Biotechnology Research Centre, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada (M.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Joint International Research Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiomeand Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society (NUTRISS) Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Monique Lacroix
- Research Laboratories in Sciences, Applied to Food (RESALA), Canadian Irradiation Centre (CIC), INRS Armand-Frappier Health Biotechnology Research Centre, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada (M.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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6
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Zheng J, Zhu T, Li F, Wu H, Jiang S, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Li X, Li Y, Wang H. Diet Quality and Mortality among Chinese Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2023; 16:94. [PMID: 38201925 PMCID: PMC10780502 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between diet quality and all-cause mortality in Chinese population is unclear. We aimed to study the associations of three a priori diet quality indices-including the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), and energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII)-and their included components with all-cause mortality. We used baseline data from the 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). We used a multivariable-adjusted Cox model to examine the associations between DQI-I, CHEI, and E-DII with all-cause mortality. During a mean of 7 years of follow-up, a total of 461 deaths occurred among 12,914 participants. For DQI-I, there were significant inverse associations with mortality for the variety score (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.52-0.92) and overall balance score (HR>0 vs. 0 = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.66-0.91). The adequacy score of CHEI was associated with 40% less risk of all-cause mortality (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.43-0.84). E-DII was not associated with mortality. An estimated 20.1%, 13.9%, and 31.3% of total mortality would be averted if the DQI-I variety score, DQI-I overall balance score, and CHEI adequacy score improved from the bottom to the top quartile, respectively. Improving diet quality, especially improving diet variety and adequacy, and having a more balanced diet may reduce all-cause mortality in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.Z.); (S.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tianren Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.Z.); (S.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fangyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Han Wu
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China;
| | - Shuo Jiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.Z.); (S.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (N.S.); (J.R.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (N.S.); (J.R.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.Z.); (S.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.Z.); (S.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.Z.); (S.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
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Nolte S, Krüger K, Lenz C, Zentgraf K. Optimizing the Gut Microbiota for Individualized Performance Development in Elite Athletes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 38132317 PMCID: PMC10740793 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota can be compared to a fingerprint due to its uniqueness, hosting trillions of living organisms. Taking a sport-centric perspective, the gut microbiota might represent a physiological system that relates to health aspects as well as individualized performance in athletes. The athletes' physiology has adapted to their exceptional lifestyle over the years, including the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiota. The gut microbiota is influenced by several physiological parameters and requires a highly individual and complex approach to unravel the linkage between performance and the microbial community. This approach has been taken in this review, highlighting the functions that the microbial community performs in sports, naming gut-centered targets, and aiming for both a healthy and sustainable athlete and performance development. With this article, we try to consider whether initiating a microbiota analysis is practicable and could add value in elite sport, and what possibilities it holds when influenced through a variety of interventions. The aim is to support enabling a well-rounded and sustainable athlete and establish a new methodology in elite sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nolte
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department 5: Psychology & Sports Sciences, Institute for Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Aliabadi M, Saghebjoo M, Yakhchali B, Shariati V. Interaction between high-intensity interval training and high-protein diet on gut microbiota composition and body weight in obese male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:808-828. [PMID: 37642210 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Diet and exercise are two critical factors that regulate gut microbiota, affecting weight management. The present study investigated the effect of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a high-protein diet (HPD) on gut microbiota composition and body weight changes in obese male Wistar rats. Forty obese rats were randomly divided into five groups, including HPD, HIIT + HPD, HIIT + high-fat diet (HFD) (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 1 (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 2 (cutting off HFD at the beginning of the intervention and continuing standard diet), and eight non-obese Wistar rats as a non-obese control (NOC) group (standard diet). Microbial community composition and diversity analysis by sequencing 16S rRNA genes derived from the fecal samples, body weight, and Lee index were assessed. The body weight and Lee index in the NOC, HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD groups were significantly lower than that in the OC1 and OC2 groups along with the lower body weight and Lee index in the HPD and HIIT + HPD groups compared with the HIIT + HFD group. Also, HFD consumption and switching from HFD to a standard diet or HPD increased gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, HIIT along with HFD increased the adverse effects of HFD on gut microbiota, while the HIIT + HPD increased microbial richness, improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, and changed rats' phenotype to lean. It appears that HFD discontinuation without doing HIIT does not improve gut microbiota dysbiosis. Also, the HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD slow down HFD-induced weight gain, but HIIT + HPD is a more reliable strategy for weight management due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aliabadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Shariati
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Sistia F, Khusun H, Februhartanty J. Plant protein consumption is associated with body mass index among women of reproductive age in Indonesia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1243635. [PMID: 37927495 PMCID: PMC10622764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1243635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the known determinants of obesity in Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia, is the nutritional transition, which is indicated by fast changes in food production, dietary habits, and physical activity. With rising incomes, plant protein from grains, tubers, and legumes is gradually being replaced by animal protein from poultry, eggs, dairy, and red meat. This change is identified as a protein transition. Different choices of protein sources in the diet have varying health effects. However, there is limited information on the Asian population on the role of protein consumption on the increasing obesity prevalence. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of protein sources consumption with body mass index (BMI) among women of reproductive age in Indonesia. Methods This study used secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Food Barometer (IFB) conducted using a quantitative cross-sectional survey. A total of 467 Indonesian reproductive-aged women (20-49 years) were included in this study. Dietary intake, including protein consumption, was obtained using 24-h dietary recall. Multiple linear regression was applied to find the association of protein consumption with BMI with a p-value <0.05 considered as a significant outcome variable. Results The Mean BMI was 25.02 kg/m2, median of animal and plant protein was 28.01 g/day and 25.37 g/day, respectively. Consumption of plant protein was significantly associated with BMI after adjusting for marital status and age (p-value = 0.043; R2 = 0.080). The quality of plant protein should be considered to prevent obesity problems among women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitra Sistia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- SEAMEO Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (RECFON)—Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Helda Khusun
- SEAMEO Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (RECFON)—Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr. HAMKA (UHAMKA), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Judhiastuty Februhartanty
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- SEAMEO Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (RECFON)—Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Jun SH, Lee JW, Shin WK, Lee SY, Kim Y. Association between plant protein intake and grip strength in Koreans aged 50 years or older: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:969-983. [PMID: 37780214 PMCID: PMC10522807 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.5.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of plant and animal protein intake with grip strength in Koreans aged ≥ 50 yrs. SUBJECTS/METHODS The data was collected from 3,610 men and 4,691 women (≥ 50 yrs) from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated the total energy intake, and the intake of animal and plant protein and collected dietary data using 1-day 24-h dietary recalls. Low grip strength (LGS) was defined as the lowest quintile (men: up to 26.8 kg, women: up to 15.7 kg). The association of protein intake with grip strength was examined using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The results proved that participants with LGS had lower daily energy, protein and fat intake, and percent energy from protein than those with normal or high grip strength (P < 0.0001). Total energy intake, animal protein, and plant protein were positively associated with grip strength. A higher intake of total plant protein (P for trend = 0.004 for men, 0.05 for women) and legumes, nuts, and seeds (LNS) protein (P for trend = 0.01 for men, 0.02 for women) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of LGS. However, non-LNS plant protein intake was not associated with LGS (P for trend = 0.10 for men, 0.15 for women). In women, a higher total animal protein intake was significantly associated with decreased LGS (P for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Higher total plant protein and LNS protein intake are negatively associated with LGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Hyun Jun
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Sustainable Living System, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- BK21 FOUR Research & Education Center for Sustainable Living System, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Yookyung Kim
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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11
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Lee C, Lee J, Eor JY, Kwak MJ, Huh CS, Kim Y. Effect of Consumption of Animal Products on the Gut Microbiome Composition and Gut Health. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:723-750. [PMID: 37701742 PMCID: PMC10493557 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is critical in human health, and various dietary factors influence its composition and function. Among these factors, animal products, such as meat, dairy, and eggs, represent crucial sources of essential nutrients for the gut microbiome. However, the correlation and characteristics of livestock consumption with the gut microbiome remain poorly understood. This review aimed to delineate the distinct effects of meat, dairy, and egg products on gut microbiome composition and function. Based on the previous reports, the impact of red meat, white meat, and processed meat consumption on the gut microbiome differs from that of milk, yogurt, cheese, or egg products. In particular, we have focused on animal-originated proteins, a significant nutrient in each livestock product, and revealed that the major proteins in each food elicit diverse effects on the gut microbiome. Collectively, this review highlights the need for further insights into the interactions and mechanisms underlying the impact of animal products on the gut microbiome. A deeper understanding of these interactions would be beneficial in elucidating the development of dietary interventions to prevent and treat diseases linked to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of
Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junbeom Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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12
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Ashkar F, Wu J. Effects of Food Factors and Processing on Protein Digestibility and Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37267055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein is an essential macronutrient. The nutritional needs of dietary proteins are met by digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Indigestible proteins are further metabolized in the gut and produce metabolites via protein fermentation. Thus, protein indigestibility exerts a wide range of effects on gut microbiota composition and function. This review aims to discuss protein digestibility, the effects of food factors, such as protein sources, intake level, and amino acid composition, and making meat analogues. Besides, it provides an inventory of antinutritional factors and processing techniques that influence protein digestibility and, consequently, the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Future studies are warranted to understand the implication of plant-based analogues on protein digestibility and gut microbiota and to elucidate the mechanisms concerning protein digestibility to host gut microbiota using various omics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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13
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Peluso AA, Lundgaard AT, Babaei P, Mousovich-Neto F, Rocha AL, Damgaard MV, Bak EG, Gnanasekaran T, Dollerup OL, Trammell SAJ, Nielsen TS, Kern T, Abild CB, Sulek K, Ma T, Gerhart-Hines Z, Gillum MP, Arumugam M, Ørskov C, McCloskey D, Jessen N, Herrgård MJ, Mori MAS, Treebak JT. Oral supplementation of nicotinamide riboside alters intestinal microbial composition in rats and mice, but not humans. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 37012386 PMCID: PMC10070358 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota impacts systemic levels of multiple metabolites including NAD+ precursors through diverse pathways. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD+ precursor capable of regulating mammalian cellular metabolism. Some bacterial families express the NR-specific transporter, PnuC. We hypothesized that dietary NR supplementation would modify the gut microbiota across intestinal sections. We determined the effects of 12 weeks of NR supplementation on the microbiota composition of intestinal segments of high-fat diet-fed (HFD) rats. We also explored the effects of 12 weeks of NR supplementation on the gut microbiota in humans and mice. In rats, NR reduced fat mass and tended to decrease body weight. Interestingly, NR increased fat and energy absorption but only in HFD-fed rats. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of intestinal and fecal samples revealed an increased abundance of species within Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae families in response to NR. PnuC-positive bacterial strains within these families showed an increased growth rate when supplemented with NR. The abundance of species within the Lachnospiraceae family decreased in response to HFD irrespective of NR. Alpha and beta diversity and bacterial composition of the human fecal microbiota were unaltered by NR, but in mice, the fecal abundance of species within Lachnospiraceae increased while abundances of Parasutterella and Bacteroides dorei species decreased in response to NR. In conclusion, oral NR altered the gut microbiota in rats and mice, but not in humans. In addition, NR attenuated body fat mass gain in rats, and increased fat and energy absorption in the HFD context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Augusto Peluso
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete T Lundgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Parizad Babaei
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Felippe Mousovich-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andréa L Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mads V Damgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie G Bak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole L Dollerup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timo Kern
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline B Abild
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Ørskov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas McCloskey
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus J Herrgård
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcelo A S Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Farsijani S, Cauley JA, Peddada SD, Langsetmo L, Shikany JM, Orwoll ES, Ensrud KE, Cawthon PM, Newman AB. Relation Between Dietary Protein Intake and Gut Microbiome Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Men: Findings from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). J Nutr 2023; 152:2877-2887. [PMID: 36205552 PMCID: PMC9839986 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association of specific nutrients, especially proteins, on age-related gut dysbiosis. OBJECTIVES To determine the associations between the quantity and sources (vegetable and animal) of dietary protein intake and gut microbiome composition in community-dwelling older men. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 775 older men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) (age 84.2 ± 4.0 y) with available dietary information and stool samples at visit 4 (2014-2016). Protein intake was estimated from a brief FFQ and adjusted to total energy intake. The gut microbiome composition was determined by 16S (v4) sequencing (processed by DADA2 and SILVA). A total of 11,534 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified and assigned to 21 phyla with dominance of Firmicutes (45%) and Bacteroidetes (43%). We performed α-diversity, β-diversity, and taxa abundance (by Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction [ANCOM-BC]) to determine the associations between protein intake and the gut microbiome. RESULTS Median protein intake was 0.7 g/(kg body weight · d). Participants with higher energy-adjusted protein intakes had higher Shannon and Chao1 α-diversity indices (P < 0.05). For β-diversity analysis, participants with higher protein intakes had a different center in weighted and unweighted UniFrac Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) compared with those with lower intake (P < 0.05), adjusted for age, race, education, clinical center, batch number, fiber and energy intake, weight, height, and medications. Similarly, higher protein consumptions from either animal or vegetable sources were associated with higher gut microbiome diversity. Several genus-level ASVs, including Christensenellaceae, Veillonella, Haemophilus, and Klebsiella were more abundant in participants with higher protein intakes, whereas Clostridiales bacterium DTU089 and Desulfovibrio were more abundant in participants with lower protein intake (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We observed significant associations between protein intake and gut microbiome diversity in community-living older men. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mediation role of the gut microbiome on the relation between protein intake and health outcomes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAICs), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAICs), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Zgarbová E, Vrzal R. Skatole: A thin red line between its benefits and toxicity. Biochimie 2022; 208:1-12. [PMID: 36586563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skatole (3-methylindole) is a heterocyclic compound naturally found in the feces of vertebrates and is produced by certain flowers. Skatole has been used in specific products of the perfume industry or as a flavor additive in ice cream. Additionally, skatole is formed by tryptophan pyrolysis of tobacco and has been demonstrated to be a mutagen. Skatole-induced pulmonotoxicity was reliably described in ruminants and rodents, but no studies have been conducted in humans. Initially, we provide basic knowledge and a historical overview of skatole. Then, skatole bacterial formation in the intestine is described, and the importance of the microbiome during this process is evaluated. Increased skatole concentrations could serve as a marker for intestinal disease development. Therefore, the human molecular targets of skatole that may have significant effects on various processes in the human body are described. Ultimately, we suggest a link between skatole intestinal formation in humans and skatole-induced pulmonotoxicity, which should be explored further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Zgarbová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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16
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Beaumont M, Roura E, Lambert W, Turni C, Michiels J, Chalvon-Demersay T. Selective nourishing of gut microbiota with amino acids: A novel prebiotic approach? Front Nutr 2022; 9:1066898. [PMID: 36601082 PMCID: PMC9806265 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1066898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are dietary substrates which promote host health when utilized by desirable intestinal bacteria. The most commonly used prebiotics are non-digestible oligosaccharides but the prebiotic properties of other types of nutrients such as polyphenols are emerging. Here, we review recent evidence showing that amino acids (AA) could function as a novel class of prebiotics based on: (i) the modulation of gut microbiota composition, (ii) the use by selective intestinal bacteria and the transformation into bioactive metabolites and (iii) the positive impact on host health. The capacity of intestinal bacteria to metabolize individual AA is species or strain specific and this property is an opportunity to favor the growth of beneficial bacteria while constraining the development of pathogens. In addition, the chemical diversity of AA leads to the production of multiple bacterial metabolites with broad biological activities that could mediate their prebiotic properties. In this context, we introduce the concept of "Aminobiotics," which refers to the functional role of some AA as prebiotics. We also present studies that revealed synergistic effects of the co-administration of AA with probiotic bacteria, indicating that AA can be used to design novel symbiotics. Finally, we discuss the difficulty to bring free AA to the distal gut microbiota and we propose potential solutions such as the use of delivery systems including encapsulation to bypass absorption in the small intestine. Future studies will need to further identify individual AA, dose and mode of administration to optimize prebiotic effects for the benefit of human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Conny Turni
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Li X, Xue Q, Ma H, Champagne CM, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Genetically determined gut microbial abundance and 2-year changes in central adiposity and body composition: The POUNDS lost trial. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2817-2824. [PMID: 36402008 PMCID: PMC9722600 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Growing evidence has linked gut microbiota with regulation of adiposity. We aimed to examine whether the genetically determined relative abundance of gut microbial taxa was associated with long-term changes in adiposity and body composition among individuals who were overweight or obese in weight-loss diet interventions. METHODS The study included 692 participants with overweight or obese from the POUNDS Lost trial. We created a genetic risk score (GRS) for the relevant abundance of gut microbial taxa using 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from a recent genome-wide association study. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Higher GRS for the relative abundance of gut microbial taxa was significantly associated with greater reductions in waist circumference, total fat mass (FM), whole-body total percentage of fat mass (FM%), and percentage of trunk fat (TF%) at 2 years (p = 0.022, 0.034, 0.023, 0.023, respectively). In addition, dietary protein significantly modified the association between GRS for gut microbial abundance and changes in total FM, FM%, and TF% (p-interactions = 0.04, 0.013, and 0.006, respectively) at 6-month, when the maximum weight loss was achieved, even though such interactions were attenuated at 2 years. In the average-protein diet group, a higher microbial abundance GRS was associated with greater reductions in total FM (p = 0.007), FM% (p = 0.002), and TF% (p < 0.001) at 6 months, while no associations were found in the high-protein diet group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the higher genetically determined relative abundance of gut microbial taxa may be related to long-term improvement of whole-body and central fatness and body composition in response to low-calorie diet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qiaochu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Catherine M Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Ayimbila F, Prayoonthien P, Inyod T, Haltrich D, Keawsompong S. Bioactive composition and modulatory effects of Hed-Tean-Rad Mushroom, Macrocybe crassa on gut microbiota. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 36276460 PMCID: PMC9547758 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocybe crassa (or Tricholoma crassum) is a nutrient-dense wild edible mushroom native to Thailand. The mushroom extract and its constituents have remarkable biological characteristics, but the influence of the powder on the human gut microbiota is unknown. This study investigated the bioactive composition and modulatory properties of M. crassa powder on gut microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. The fermentation of M. crassa powder by human intestinal microbiota released SCFA, mainly acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. M. crassa powder significantly modulated the microbiota by increasing the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus/Enterococcus group, Atopobium, Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae, and C. coccoides. F. prausnitzii, Roseburia genus, C. histolyticum and C. cluster IX, similar to that of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS). With M. crassa powder, high content of propionic acid was observed, as well as a number of Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae and C. cluster IX. On the other hand, FOS caused a high acetic acid concentration and a population of Bifidobacterium spp., Atopobium cluster, Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae, and C. coccoides. Therefore, this work will significantly contribute to filling the knowledge gap and revealing the significance of M. crassa in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Ayimbila
- Specialized Research Units: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Phatcharin Prayoonthien
- Specialized Research Units: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Tanapak Inyod
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Suttipun Keawsompong
- Specialized Research Units: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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19
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Zeng X, Xing X, Gupta M, Keber FC, Lopez JG, Lee YCJ, Roichman A, Wang L, Neinast MD, Donia MS, Wühr M, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD. Gut bacterial nutrient preferences quantified in vivo. Cell 2022; 185:3441-3456.e19. [PMID: 36055202 PMCID: PMC9450212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding gut microbiomes' products and their effects on health and disease. Less attention, however, has been given to the inputs that gut bacteria consume. Here, we quantitatively examine inputs and outputs of the mouse gut microbiome, using isotope tracing. The main input to microbial carbohydrate fermentation is dietary fiber and to branched-chain fatty acids and aromatic metabolites is dietary protein. In addition, circulating host lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and urea (but not glucose or amino acids) feed the gut microbiome. To determine the nutrient preferences across bacteria, we traced into genus-specific bacterial protein sequences. We found systematic differences in nutrient use: most genera in the phylum Firmicutes prefer dietary protein, Bacteroides dietary fiber, and Akkermansia circulating host lactate. Such preferences correlate with microbiome composition changes in response to dietary modifications. Thus, diet shapes the microbiome by promoting the growth of bacteria that preferentially use the ingested nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Meera Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Felix C Keber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jaime G Lopez
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ying-Chiang J Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Asael Roichman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Mafra D, Ugochukwu SA, Borges NA, Cardozo LFMF, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Food for healthier aging: power on your plate. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:603-616. [PMID: 35959705 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammageing is a persistent low-level inflammatory burden that accompanies age-related dysregulation of the immune system during normative aging and within the diseasome of aging. A healthy diet containing a balanced amount of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, adequate in calories and rich in poly(phenols), has an essential role in mitigating the effects of inflammageing and extending healthspan through modulation of the activity of a range of factors. These include transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), the inflammasome and the activities of the gut microbiota. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the potential of food to ameliorate the effects of the diseasome of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Sharma BR, Jaiswal S, Ravindra PV. Modulation of gut microbiota by bioactive compounds for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113148. [PMID: 35665671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Gut microbiota (GM) are specific groups of microbes colonized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They profoundly influence health, disease protection, and associated with metabolic activities, and play a vital role in the production of functional metabolites from dietary substances. Dysbiosis of GM has been linked to the onset of T2DM and can be altered to attain eubiosis by intervention with various nutritional bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics. This review presents an overview of the evidence and underlying mechanisms by which bioactive compounds modulate the GM for the prevention and management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basista Rabina Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), KRS Road, Opp. Rail Museum, Mysuru 570020, India
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - P V Ravindra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), KRS Road, Opp. Rail Museum, Mysuru 570020, India.
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22
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Guo J, Xu F, Xie Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Nie W, Zhou K, Zhou H, Xu B. Effect of Xuanwei Ham Proteins with Different Ripening Periods on Lipid Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101020. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
| | - Feiran Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Anhui Qingsong Food Co., Ltd. No.28 Ningxi Road Hefei 231299 China
| | - Yong Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
| | - Wen Nie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
| | - Kai Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
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23
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Zhao F, Wang C, Song S, Fang C, Zhou G, Li C, Kristiansen K. Casein and red meat proteins differentially affect the composition of the gut microbiota in weaning rats. Food Chem 2022; 397:133769. [PMID: 35908467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Casein and meat are food sources providing high-quality animal proteins for human consumption. However, little is known concerning potentially different effects of these animal protein sources during early stages of life. In the present study, casein and red meat proteins (beef and pork) were fed to young postweaning rats for 14 days based on the AIN-93G diet formula. Casein and red meat protein-based diets did not differentially affect the overall growth performance. However, they discriminately modulated the abundances of different potentially beneficial bacteria belonging to genus Lactobacillus. Intake of the casein-based diet increased the intestinal abundance of Lactococcus lactis with a pronounced potential for galactose utilization via the Tag6P pathway, and it also resulted in lower amounts of toxic ammonia in the rat cecum compared to red meat protein-based diets. We observed no adverse effects on colonic tissue in response to any of the protein-based diets based on histological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Chong Wang
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, PR China
| | - Chao Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China; Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 166555, PR China.
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24
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Rao K, Cuna A, Chavez-Bueno S, Menden H, Yu W, Ahmed I, Srinivasan P, Umar S, Sampath V. Effect of Various Preterm Infant Milk Formulas on NEC-Like Gut Injury in Mice. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:902798. [PMID: 35874567 PMCID: PMC9299064 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.902798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formula feeding is an important risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. The potential harmful effects of different preterm formulas on the developing intestinal tract remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that feeding newborn mouse pups with various preterm formulas resulted in differing effects on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, and activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NFκB. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that each preterm formula resulted in significant gut microbial alterations that were different from dam-fed controls. Formula feeding with EleCare and Similac Special Care caused greater intestinal injury compared to NeoSure. Pre-treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorated severity of intestinal injury from EleCare and Similac Special Care. Our findings indicate that not all preterm formulas are the same, and different formulations can have varying effects on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, and microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Rao
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Alain Cuna
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Susana Chavez-Bueno
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Heather Menden
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Wei Yu
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Kansas City Kansas Community College, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Pugazhendhi Srinivasan
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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25
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Xu AA, Kennedy LK, Hoffman K, White DL, Kanwal F, El-Serag HB, Petrosino JF, Jiao L. Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and the Colonic Gut Microbiota in Humans. Nutrients 2022; 14:2722. [PMID: 35807903 PMCID: PMC9268849 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet has been associated with systemic diseases in humans and alterations in gut microbiota in animal studies. However, the influence of dietary fatty acid intake on gut microbiota in humans has not been well studied. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between intake of total fatty acids (TFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans fatty acids (TrFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n3-FAs, and n6-FAs, and the community composition and structure of the adherent colonic gut microbiota. We obtained 97 colonic biopsies from 34 participants with endoscopically normal colons. Microbial DNA was used to sequence the 16S rRNA V4 region. The DADA2 and SILVA database were used for amplicon sequence variant assignment. Dietary data were collected using the Block food frequency questionnaire. The biodiversity and the relative abundance of the bacterial taxa by higher vs. lower fat intake were compared using the Mann−Whitney test followed by multivariable negative binomial regression model. False discovery rate−adjusted p-values (q value) < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The beta diversity of gut bacteria differed significantly by intake of all types of fatty acids. The relative abundance of Sutterella was significantly higher with higher intake of TFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and n6-FAs. The relative abundance of Tyzzerella and Fusobacterium was significantly higher with higher intake of SFAs. Tyzzerella was also higher with higher intake of TrFA. These observations were confirmed by multivariate analyses. Dietary fat intake was associated with bacterial composition and structure. Sutterella, Fusobacterium, and Tyzzerella were associated with fatty acid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Xu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.A.X.); (L.K.K.); (D.L.W.); (F.K.); (H.B.E.-S.)
| | - Luke K. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.A.X.); (L.K.K.); (D.L.W.); (F.K.); (H.B.E.-S.)
| | - Kristi Hoffman
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.H.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Donna L. White
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.A.X.); (L.K.K.); (D.L.W.); (F.K.); (H.B.E.-S.)
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fasiha Kanwal
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.A.X.); (L.K.K.); (D.L.W.); (F.K.); (H.B.E.-S.)
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.A.X.); (L.K.K.); (D.L.W.); (F.K.); (H.B.E.-S.)
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.H.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.A.X.); (L.K.K.); (D.L.W.); (F.K.); (H.B.E.-S.)
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26
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Morelli G, Patuzzi I, Losasso C, Ricci A, Contiero B, Andrighetto I, Ricci R. Characterization of intestinal microbiota in normal weight and overweight Border Collie and Labrador Retriever dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9199. [PMID: 35655089 PMCID: PMC9163050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in dogs is an emerging issue that affects canine health and well-being. Its development is ascribed to several factors, including genetic predisposition and dietary management, and recent evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota may be involved as well. Previous works have shown obesity to be linked to significant changes in gut microbiota composition in humans and mice, but only limited information is available on the role played by canine gut microbiota. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate whether composition of canine faecal microbiota may be influenced by overweight condition and breed. All the enrolled companion dogs were young adults, intact, healthy, and fed commercial extruded pet food; none had received antibiotics, probiotics or immunosuppressant drugs in the previous six months. Labrador Retriever (LR) and Border Collie (BC) were chosen as reference breeds and Body Condition Score (BCS) on a 9-point scale as reference method for evaluating body fat. The faecal microbial communities of 15 lean (BCS 4-5/9; 7 LRs and 8 BCs) and 14 overweight (BCS > 5/9; 8 LRs and 6 BCs) family dogs were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, for each dog, the daily intake of energy (kcal/d) and dietary macronutrients (g/d) were calculated according to an accurate feeding history collection. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes resulted the predominant phyla (51.5 ± 10.0% and 33.4 ± 8.5%, respectively) in all dogs. Bioinformatic and statistical analysis revealed that no bacterial taxon differed significantly based on body condition, except for genus Allisonella (p < 0.05); BC gut microbiota was richer (p < 0.05) in bacteria belonging to phyla Actinobacteria (family Coriobacteriaceae in particular) and Firmicutes (Allobaculum and Roseburia genera). No remarkable differences were recorded either for diversity indices (i.e., alpha diversity, p > 0.10) or for divergence within the sample set (i.e., beta diversity, p > 0.05). PERMANOVA tests performed on single factors demonstrated the tendency of dietary protein to influence the recruited dogs' microbiota beta-diversity at amplicon sequence variant level (p = 0.08). In conclusion, the faecal microbiota of dogs involved in this exploratory study showed no major variations based on body condition. However, our findings suggested that certain bacterial taxa previously acknowledged in obesity-related studies may be detected in dissimilar amounts depending on canine breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Morelli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Research and Development Division, EuBiome S.R.L., 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Lin Z, Ma X. Dietary nutrients mediate crosstalk between bile acids and gut microbes in animal host metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9315-9329. [PMID: 35507502 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized by liver, then gut microbes embellish primary BAs into secondary BAs with diverse and biological functions. Over the past few decades, amounts of evidences demonstrated the importance of gut microbes in BA metabolism. There is also significant evidence that BAs are regarded as cell signals in gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-testis axis. Moreover, the interaction between BAs and gut microbes plays a key role not only in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients, but the regulation of immune function. Herein, we collected the major information of the BA metabolism-related bacteria, nutrients, and cell signals, focused on the possible molecular mechanisms by "Microbes-Bile acids" crosstalk, highlighted the gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-testis axis, and discussed the possibility and application of the regulation of BA metabolism by nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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28
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Wagner S, Merkling T, Metzger M, Koppe L, Laville M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Frimat L, Combe C, Massy ZA, Stengel B, Fouque D. Probiotic Intake and Inflammation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Analysis of the CKD-REIN Cohort. Front Nutr 2022; 9:772596. [PMID: 35433774 PMCID: PMC9005823 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.772596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Little is known about the effects of probiotics on inflammation in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association between probiotic intake and inflammation in patients with moderate-to-advanced CKD. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 888 patients with stage 3–5 CKD and data on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and a concomitant food frequency questionnaire. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for various CRP thresholds (>3, >4, >5, >6, and >7 mg/L) associated with three intake categories (no yoghurt, ordinary yoghurt, and probiotics from yoghurts or dietary supplements) and two frequency categories (daily or less than daily). Results The 888 study participants (median age: 70; men: 65%) had a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 28.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 and a median [interquartile range] CRP level of 3.0 [1.6, 7.0] mg/L. Fifty-seven percent consumed ordinary yoghurt and 30% consumed probiotic yoghurt. The median intake frequency for yoghurt and probiotics was 7 per week. Relative to participants not consuming yoghurt, the ORs [95% CI] for CRP > 6 or >7 mg/L were significantly lower for participants consuming ordinary yoghurt (0.58 [0.37, 0.93] and 0.57 [0.35, 0.91], respectively) and for participants consuming probiotics (0.54 [0.33, 0.9] and 0.48 [0.28, 0.81], respectively), independently of age, sex, body mass index, CKD stage, cardiovascular disease, and fibre, protein and total energy intakes. The ORs were not significantly lower for CRP thresholds >3, >4, and >5 mg/L and were not significantly greater in daily consumers than in occasional consumers. Conclusion We observed independent associations between the consumption of yoghurt or probiotics and lower levels of inflammation in patients with CKD. There was no evidence of a dose-effect relationship. Clinical Trial Registration [https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03381950], identifier [NCT03381950].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wagner
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC 1433, Nancy CHRU, Inserm U1116, Nancy, France
- FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Sandra Wagner,
| | - Thomas Merkling
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC 1433, Nancy CHRU, Inserm U1116, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Metzger
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Univ Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie Clinique, Villejuif, France
| | - Laetitia Koppe
- Département de Néphrologie, Hopital Lyon Sud – HCL, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Université de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maurice Laville
- Université de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Exposome-Hérédité, Villejuif, France
| | - Luc Frimat
- EA4360 APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Nancy, France
- Département de Néphrologie, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christian Combe
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation-Dialyse-Aphérèse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1026, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Univ Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie Clinique, Villejuif, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Univ Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Equipe Epidémiologie Clinique, Villejuif, France
| | - Denis Fouque
- Département de Néphrologie, Hopital Lyon Sud – HCL, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Université de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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29
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Mustafa F, Chopra H, Baig AA, Avula SK, Kumari S, Mohanta TK, Saravanan M, Mishra AK, Sharma N, Mohanta YK. Edible Mushrooms as Novel Myco-Therapeutics: Effects on Lipid Level, Obesity and BMI. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020211. [PMID: 35205965 PMCID: PMC8880354 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, usually indicated by a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2, is a worsening global health issue. It leads to chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Conventional treatments for obesity include physical activity and maintaining a negative energy balance. However, physical activity alone cannot determine body weight as several other factors play a role in the overall energy balance. Alternatively, weight loss may be achieved by medication and surgery. However, these options can be expensive or have side effects. Therefore, dietary factors, including dietary modifications, nutraceutical preparations, and functional foods have been investigated recently. For example, edible mushrooms have beneficial effects on human health. Polysaccharides (essentially β-D-glucans), chitinous substances, heteroglycans, proteoglycans, peptidoglycans, alkaloids, lactones, lectins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, terpenes, phenols, nucleotides, glycoproteins, proteins, amino acids, antimicrobials, and minerals are the major bioactive compounds in these mushrooms. These bioactive compounds have chemo-preventive, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Consumption of edible mushrooms reduces plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and plasma glucose levels. Polysaccharides from edible mushrooms suppress mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, contributing to their anti-obesity properties. Therefore, edible mushrooms or their active ingredients may help prevent obesity and other chronic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Mustafa
- School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54782, Pakistan;
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (S.K.A.); (T.K.M.)
| | - Sony Kumari
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India;
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (S.K.A.); (T.K.M.)
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 8541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.K.M.); (N.S.); (Y.K.M.)
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal 795001, India
- Correspondence: (A.K.M.); (N.S.); (Y.K.M.)
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India;
- Correspondence: (A.K.M.); (N.S.); (Y.K.M.)
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Song X, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Weng P, Liu L, Zhang R, Wu Z. The gut microbiota–brain axis: Role of the gut microbial metabolites of dietary food in obesity. Food Res Int 2022; 153:110971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Riedel S, Pheiffer C, Johnson R, Louw J, Muller CJF. Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Homeostasis Are Missing Links in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:833544. [PMID: 35145486 PMCID: PMC8821109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.833544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), place a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The rising prevalence of obesity, a major risk factor for T2D, is mainly attributed to the adoption of Westernized diets and lifestyle, which cause metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet may also induce changes in the microbiota composition, thereby affecting intestinal immunity. The critical role of intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier function in the development of T2D is increasingly acknowledged, however, limited studies have investigated the link between intestinal function and metabolic disease. In this review, studies reporting specific roles of the intestinal immune system and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in metabolic disease are highlighted. Innate chemokine signaling, eosinophils, immunoglobulin A (IgA), T helper (Th) 17 cells and their cytokines were associated with obesity and/or dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) emerged as critical modulators of obesity and glucose homeostasis through their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling and decontamination. Furthermore, IECs create a link between microbial metabolites and whole-body metabolic function. Future in depth studies of the intestinal immune system and IECs may provide new opportunities and targets to develop treatments and prevention strategies for obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Riedel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
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32
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Zhou C, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Ye Z, Liu M, He P, Zhang Y, Li R, Liu C, Nie J, Qin X. Relations of Variety and Quantity of Dietary Proteins Intake from Different Sources with Mortality Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:1078-1086. [PMID: 36519771 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relations of variety and quantity of dietary proteins intake from different sources with mortality risk were still controversial. We aimed to examine the associations of variety and quantity of different sourced proteins with all-cause mortality risk in adults and older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS 17,310 participants (mean age was 44.0 [SD: 15.9] years and 51.0% were females) with utilizable data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was collected using three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The variety score of protein sources was defined as the number of proteins consumed at the appropriate level, accounting for both types and quantity of proteins. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1324 (7.6%) death cases were reported. There were reversed J-shaped relationships of percentages energy from total protein, and protein from legume with all-cause mortality; U-shaped relationships of proteins from unprocessed red meat, processed red meat, poultry and whole grain with all-cause mortality; L-shaped relationships of proteins from egg and fish with all-cause mortality; and a reversed L-shaped relationship of protein from refined grain with all-cause mortality (all P values for nonlinearity < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant inverse association between the variety score of protein sources with overall mortality risk (per score increment, HR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.66-0.72). CONCLUSIONS Greater variety of proteins with appropriate quantity from different food sources was associated with significantly lower risk of mortality in Chinese adults and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhou
- Jing Nie, M.D or Xianhui Qin, M.D, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China, Emails: or
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Hughes RL, Holscher HD. Fueling Gut Microbes: A Review of the Interaction between Diet, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiota in Athletes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2190-2215. [PMID: 34229348 PMCID: PMC8634498 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The athlete's goal is to optimize their performance. Towards this end, nutrition has been used to improve the health of athletes' brains, bones, muscles, and cardiovascular system. However, recent research suggests that the gut and its resident microbiota may also play a role in athlete health and performance. Therefore, athletes should consider dietary strategies in the context of their potential effects on the gut microbiota, including the impact of sports-centric dietary strategies (e.g., protein supplements, carbohydrate loading) on the gut microbiota as well as the effects of gut-centric dietary strategies (e.g., probiotics, prebiotics) on performance. This review provides an overview of the interaction between diet, exercise, and the gut microbiota, focusing on dietary strategies that may impact both the gut microbiota and athletic performance. Current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota could, in theory, contribute to the effects of dietary intake on athletic performance by influencing microbial metabolite production, gastrointestinal physiology, and immune modulation. Common dietary strategies such as high protein and simple carbohydrate intake, low fiber intake, and food avoidance may adversely impact the gut microbiota and, in turn, performance. Conversely, intake of adequate dietary fiber, a variety of protein sources, and emphasis on unsaturated fats, especially omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, in addition to consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, have shown promising results in optimizing athlete health and performance. Ultimately, while this is an emerging and promising area of research, more studies are needed that incorporate, control, and manipulate all 3 of these elements (i.e., diet, exercise, and gut microbiome) to provide recommendations for athletes on how to "fuel their microbes."
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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34
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Osman A, Zuffa S, Walton G, Fagbodun E, Zanos P, Georgiou P, Kitchen I, Swann J, Bailey A. Post-weaning A1/A2 β-casein milk intake modulates depressive-like behavior, brain μ-opioid receptors, and the metabolome of rats. iScience 2021; 24:103048. [PMID: 34585111 PMCID: PMC8450247 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal period is critical for brain and behavioral development and is sensitive to environmental stimuli, such as nutrition. Prevention of weaning from maternal milk was previously shown to cause depressive-like behavior in rats. Additionally, loss of dietary casein was found to act as a developmental trigger for a population of brain opioid receptors. Here, we explore the effect of exposure to milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein beyond weaning. A1 but not A2 β-casein milk significantly increased stress-induced immobility in rats, concomitant with an increased abundance of Clostridium histolyticum bacterial group in the caecum and colon of A1 β-casein fed animals, brain region-specific alterations of μ-opioid and oxytocin receptors, and modifications in urinary biochemical profiles. Moreover, urinary gut microbial metabolites strongly correlated with altered brain metabolites. These findings suggest that consumption of milk containing A1 β-casein beyond weaning age may affect mood via a possible gut-brain axis mechanism. Postnatal brain development is sensitive to nutritional exposures Consumption of A1 but not A2 β-casein milk post-weaning affects mood in rats Gut microbial, biochemical, and neurochemical changes accompany mood alterations Urinary gut microbial metabolites correlate with brain metabolites
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Elizabeth Fagbodun
- Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Kitchen
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
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35
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Avirineni BS, Singh A, Zapata RC, Phillips CD, Chelikani PK. Dietary whey and egg proteins interact with inulin fiber to modulate energy balance and gut microbiota in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108860. [PMID: 34520853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diets supplemented with protein and fiber are well known to reduce food intake and weight gain; however, less is known about the combined effects of protein and prebiotic fiber on energy balance and gut microbiota composition. We compared effects of diets containing high egg or whey protein with cellulose or prebiotic (inulin) fiber on energy balance, gut microbiota, hormones, and metabolites. Male obese rats (n=8/group) were allocated to four diets: Egg albumen+Cellulose (EC), Egg albumen+Inulin (EI), Whey protein+Cellulose (WC), and Whey protein+Inulin (WI). Results revealed that diet-induced hypophagia was transient with EC and prolonged with EI and WI, compared to WC. Importantly, CCK-1 receptor antagonist (Devazepide) attenuated the hypophagic effects of EC, EI, and WI. Further, EC, EI and WI decreased respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, weight and adiposity gains, and improved glycemia, relative to WC. Propranolol (β1-β2-receptor blocker) attenuated diet-induced changes in energy expenditure. Transcript abundance of thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue, plasma hormones, and metabolites especially acyl-carnitines and glycerophospholipids, were differentially altered by diets. Diet explained 25% of compositional differences in cecal microbiomes, but diets with same fiber type did not differ. Microbiota differing between groups also strongly correlated with gut hormones and metabolites. Species most strongly correlated to a marker for butyrate production were in highest abundance in inulin diets. Together, these findings indicate that inulin enriched diets containing egg or whey protein improved energy balance, decreased adiposity, and modulated gut microbiota and metabolites, with CCK signaling partly mediating the satiety effects of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath S Avirineni
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Caleb D Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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36
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Li Z, Tang W, Gong S, Li Y, Xia S, Zhang B, Ma J. Effects of dietary protein on gut development, microbial compositions and mucin expressions in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2262-2269. [PMID: 34411380 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dietary protein, as an important macronutrient, widely participates in host growth and metabolism. In this study, effects of different protein levels (14, 20 and 26%) on the gut development, microbial compositions and mucin expressions were studied in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The results showed that body weight and the relative weight of stomach and gut were decreased in low-protein diet-fed mice, whereas high-protein diet significantly reduced the villus length and area of jejunum. Goblet cells number in the jejunum was reduced in the low-protein group, which was reversed by dietary a high-protein diet. In addition, high-protein diet notably reduced microbial diversity and changed the microbial compositions at the phylum level, such as Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Deferribacteres. Furthermore, high-protein diet significantly increased mucin2, mucin3 and mucin4 expressions in the jejunum, but downregulated mucin1, mucin2, mucin4 and TFF3 in the ileum, indicating a tissue-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Together, high-protein diet may impair gut development, microbial balance and mucin system, and a low-protein diet is suggested to promote a healthy lifestyle. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Mucin influenced gut development (villus index and goblet cell number) through remodelling gut microbes, as low and high protein levels resulted in contrary expression levels of mucin in jejunum and ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
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37
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Luo M, Zhou DD, Shang A, Gan RY, Li HB. Influences of food contaminants and additives on gut microbiota as well as protective effects of dietary bioactive compounds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11934. [PMID: 34099832 PMCID: PMC8184825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.
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McKenna CF, Salvador AF, Hughes RL, Scaroni SE, Alamilla RA, Askow AT, Paluska SA, Dilger AC, Holscher HD, De Lisio M, Khan NA, Burd NA. Higher protein intake during resistance training does not potentiate strength, but modulates gut microbiota, in middle-aged adults: a randomized control trial. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E900-E913. [PMID: 33682457 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00574.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein intake above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and resistance training are known anabolic stimuli to support healthy aging. Specifically, protein supplementation after resistance exercise and nightly are strategies to maximize utilization of protein intake above the RDA in healthy adults. As such, the primary objective was to examine the efficacy of protein supplementation and nutritional counseling resulting in either moderate (MOD: ∼1.0 g·kg-1·day-1) or higher (HIGH: ∼1.6 g·kg-1·day-1) protein intake during resistance training on strength (one-repetition maximum, 1-RM; isokinetic and isometric peak torque) in healthy middle-aged adults. Exploratory analyses include diet-exercise effects on lean body mass (LBM), clinical biomarkers, gut microbiota, and diet composition. In all, 50 middle-aged adults (age: 50 ± 8 yr, BMI: 27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were randomized to either MOD or HIGH protein intake during a 10-wk resistance training program (3 × wk). Participants received dietary counseling and consumed either 15 g (MOD) or 30 g (HIGH) of protein from lean beef in the immediate postexercise period and each evening. Maximal strength (1-RM) for all upper and lower body exercises significantly increased with no effect of protein intake (P < 0.050). There was a main effect of time for LBM (P < 0.005). Cardiovascular, renal, or glycemic biomarkers were not affected by the intervention. Gut microbiota were associated with several health outcomes (P < 0.050). In conclusion, higher protein intake above moderate amounts does not potentiate resistance training adaptations in previously untrained middle-aged adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03029975.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research evaluates the efficacy of higher in comparison with moderate animal-based protein intake on resistance exercise training-induced muscle strength, clinical biomarkers, and gut microbiota in middle-aged adults through a dietary counseling-controlled intervention. Higher protein intake did not potentiate training adaptations, nor did the intervention effect disease biomarkers. Both diet and exercise modified gut microbiota composition. Collectively, moderate amounts of high-quality, animal-based protein is sufficient to promote resistance exercise adaptations at the onset of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F McKenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Amadeo F Salvador
- Division of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Riley L Hughes
- Division of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Susannah E Scaroni
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Rafael A Alamilla
- Division of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Andrew T Askow
- Division of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Division of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Anna C Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Division of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Division of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Division of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Division of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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40
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Dommel S, Hoffmann A, Berger C, Kern M, Klöting N, Kannt A, Blüher M. Effects of Whole-Body Adenylyl Cyclase 5 ( Adcy5) Deficiency on Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4353. [PMID: 33919448 PMCID: PMC8122634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified adenylyl cyclase type 5 (ADCY5) as candidate gene for diabetes-related quantitative traits and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Mice with a whole-body deletion of Adcy5 (Adcy5-/-) do not develop obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, have improved cardiac function and increased longevity. Here, we investigated Adcy5 knockout mice (Adcy5-/-) to test the hypothesis that changes in adipose tissue (AT) may contribute to the reported healthier phenotype. In contrast to previous reports, we found that deletion of Adcy5 did not confer any physiological or biochemical benefits. However, this unexpected finding allowed us to investigate the effects of Adcy5 depletion on AT independently of lower body weight and a metabolically healthier phenotype. Adcy5-/- mice exhibited an increased number of smaller adipocytes, lower mean adipocyte size and a distinct AT gene expression pattern with midline 1 (Mid1) as the most significantly downregulated gene compared to control mice. Our Adcy5-/- model challenges previously described beneficial effects of Adcy5 deficiency and suggests that targeting Adcy5 does not improve insulin sensitivity and may therefore limit the relevance of ADCY5 as potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dommel
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Claudia Berger
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Matthias Kern
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Nora Klöting
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Sanofi Diabetes Research and Development, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
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Obese Animals as Models for Numerous Diseases: Advantages and Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050399. [PMID: 33919006 PMCID: PMC8142996 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advances in obesity research, a variety of animal models have been developed to investigate obesity pathogenesis, development, therapies and complications. Such obese animals would not only allow us to explore obesity but would also represent models to study diseases and conditions that develop with obesity or where obesity represents a risk factor. Indeed, obese subjects, as well as animal models of obesity, develop pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammation and metabolic disorders. Therefore, obese animals would represent models for numerous diseases. Although those diseases can be induced in animals by chemicals or drugs without obesity development, having them developed as consequences of obesity has numerous advantages. These advantages include mimicking natural pathogenesis processes, using diversity in obesity models (diet, animal species) to study the related variabilities and exploring disease intensity and reversibility depending on obesity development and treatments. Importantly, therapeutic implications and pharmacological tests represent key advantages too. On the other hand, obesity prevalence is continuously increasing, and, therefore, the likelihood of having a patient suffering simultaneously from obesity and a particular disease is increasing. Thus, studying diverse diseases in obese animals (either induced naturally or developed) would allow researchers to build a library of data related to the patterns or specificities of obese patients within the context of pathologies. This may lead to a new branch of medicine specifically dedicated to the diseases and care of obese patients, similar to geriatric medicine, which focuses on the elderly population.
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Lürig MD, Matthews B. Dietary-based developmental plasticity affects juvenile survival in an aquatic detritivore. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20203136. [PMID: 33593189 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental plasticity is ubiquitous in natural populations, but the underlying causes and fitness consequences are poorly understood. For consumers, nutritional variation of juvenile diets is probably associated with plasticity in developmental rates, but little is known about how diet quality can affect phenotypic trajectories in ways that might influence survival to maturity and lifetime reproductive output. Here, we tested how the diet quality of a freshwater detritivorous isopod (Asellus aquaticus), in terms of elemental ratios of diet (i.e. carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus; C : N : P), can affect (i) developmental rates of body size and pigmentation and (ii) variation in juvenile survival. We reared 1047 individuals, in a full-sib split-family design (29 families), on either a high- (low C : P, C : N) or low-quality (high C : P, C : N) diet, and quantified developmental trajectories of body size and pigmentation for every individual over 12 weeks. Our diet contrast caused strong divergence in the developmental rates of pigmentation but not growth, culminating in a distribution of adult pigmentation spanning the broad range of phenotypes observed both within and among natural populations. Under low-quality diet, we found highest survival at intermediate growth and pigmentation rates. By contrast, survival under high-quality diet survival increased continuously with pigmentation rate, with longest lifespans at intermediate growth rates and high pigmentation rates. Building on previous work which suggests that visual predation mediates the evolution of cryptic pigmentation in A. aquaticus, our study shows how diet quality and composition can generate substantial phenotypic variation by affecting rates of growth and pigmentation during development in the absence of predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz D Lürig
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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43
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Dong S, Zeng B, Hu L, Zhang Y, Xiong J, Deng J, Huang L, Liao Z, Wang J, Wei H, Fang X. Effect of a Humanized Diet Profile on Colonization Efficiency and Gut Microbial Diversity in Human Flora-Associated Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:633738. [PMID: 33708788 PMCID: PMC7940529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human flora-associated (HFA) mouse models allow us to design interventions for human disease research to test specific hypotheses and explore the complex commensal microbiome while avoiding the ethical limitations of using humans as models to directly study intestinal flora diseases. However, few studies have investigated the effect of a humanized diet profile (coarse-feed diet; CFD) on colonization efficiency and gut microbial diversity in HFA mice. We tested the colonization efficiency and gut microbial diversity in germ-free Kunming (KM) mice fed a CFD or a purified feed diet (PFD) at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Although the colonization efficiencies differed significantly (67.50–70.00% vs. 72.69–85.96%) in the HFA mice, the colonization efficiency of the PFD-fed HFA mice (85.96%) was significantly higher than that of the CFD-fed mice (69.61%) at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, the colonization efficiency of the PFD-fed mice (72.69%) was comparable to that of the CFD-fed mice (70.00%). Additionally, the gut microbial diversity of the CFD-fed HFA mice was similar to that of a human fecal donor. Regarding the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes colonic microbiota metabolic pathways, the CFD-fed HFA mice showed more similarities to the human donor than to the PFD-fed mice in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, purine metabolism, and phosphotransferase systems. In conclusion, the humanized diet profiles of the CFD and PFD could help establish human microbiotas in mice. Constructing HFA mouse models fed a CFD for 4 weeks may be useful in researching human-derived intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashuang Dong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - BenHua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Hu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Xiong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhenLin Liao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Srivastava S, Singh A, Sandeep K, Yadav D. Epigenetic Regulation of Gut Microbial Dysbiosis. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:125-129. [PMID: 33612870 PMCID: PMC7877904 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota inside the gut plays a vital role in maintaining human health. Microbial dysbiosis is associated with various complications leading to a range of diseases. Epigenetic changes enforced by various environmental and lifestyle factors lead to heritable modifications. These epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodelling, and ribonucleic acid-based mechanisms. This review summarizes the impacts of environmental factors on the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications, and their role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201 USA
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Banaras Hindu University, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Kumar Sandeep
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Durgavati Yadav
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
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45
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Lu X, Zhong R, Hu L, Huang L, Chen L, Cheng W, Zheng B, Liang P. DHA-enriched phospholipids from large yellow croaker roe regulate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota imbalance in SD rats with a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:4825-4841. [PMID: 33949580 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker roe phospholipids (LYCRPLs) have great nutritional value because they are rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA). In previous research, we studied the effect of LYCRPLs on the inhibition of triglyceride accumulation at the cellular level. However, its lipid regulation effect in rats on a high-fat diet and its influence on the gut microbiota has not yet been clarified. In this study, a high-fat diet was used to induce the lipid metabolism disorder in SD rats, and simvastatin, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose LYCRPLs were given by intragastric administration for 8 weeks. The rats' body weight, food intake, organ index, blood biochemical indicators, epididymal fat tissue and liver histopathology were compared and analyzed. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis technology were also used to analyze the diversity of gut microbiota in rats. We found that LYCRPLs can significantly regulate lipid metabolism, and improve the gut microbiota disorder induced in rats by a high-fat diet. These results can lay a foundation for the study of the regulation mechanism of LYCRPLs lipid metabolism, and also provide a theoretical basis for the development of LYCRPLs as functional food additives and excipients with hypolipidemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Rongbin Zhong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ling Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Lijiao Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Cheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, P.R. China
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46
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Herring CM, Bazer FW, Wu G. Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:233-253. [PMID: 33770410 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are large polymers of amino acids (AAs) linked via peptide bonds, and major components for the growth and development of tissues in zoo animals (including mammals, birds, and fish). The proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. Except for glycine, they are all present in the L-isoform. Some carnivores may also need taurine (a nonproteinogenic AA) in their diet. Adequate dietary intakes of AAs are necessary for the growth, development, reproduction, health and longevity of zoo animals. Extensive research has established dietary nutrient requirements for humans, domestic livestock and companion animals. However, this is not true for many exotic or endangered species found in zoos due to the obstacles that accompany working with these species. Information on diets and nutrient profiles of free-ranging animals is needed. Even with adequate dietary intake of crude protein, dietary AAs may still be unbalanced, which can lead to nutrition-related diseases and disorders commonly observed in captive zoo species, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, urolithiasis, gut dysbiosis, and hormonal imbalances. There are differences in AA metabolism among carnivores, herbivores and omnivores. It is imperative to consider these idiosyncrasies when formulating diets based on established nutritional requirements of domestic species. With optimal health, populations of zoo animals will have a vastly greater chance of thriving in captivity. For endangered species especially, maintaining stable captive populations is crucial for conservation. Thus, adequate provision of AAs in diets plays a crucial role in the management, sustainability and expansion of healthy zoo animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Herring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Holmes A, Finger C, Morales-Scheihing D, Lee J, McCullough LD. Gut dysbiosis and age-related neurological diseases; an innovative approach for therapeutic interventions. Transl Res 2020; 226:39-56. [PMID: 32755639 PMCID: PMC7590960 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that acts as a critical regulator in microbial, metabolic, and immune responses in the host organism. Imbalances in the gut microbiota, termed "dysbiosis," often induce aberrant immune responses, which in turn disrupt the local and systemic homeostasis of the host. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in intestinal diseases, and more recently, in age-related central nervous systems diseases, for example, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. It is now generally recognized that gut microbiota significantly influences host behaviors and modulates the interaction between microbiota, gut, and brain, via the "microbiota-gut-brain axis." Several approaches have been utilized to reduce age-related dysbiosis in experimental models and in clinical studies. These include strategies to manipulate the microbiome via fecal microbiota transplantation, administration of prebiotics and probiotics, and dietary interventions. In this review, we explore both clinical and preclinical therapies for treating age-related dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleah Holmes
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Carson Finger
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Diego Morales-Scheihing
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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48
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The Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8396708. [PMID: 33062148 PMCID: PMC7547345 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8396708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder with rapidly increasing morbidity. In recent years, many studies have proposed a possible link between ASD and multiple environmental as well as genetic risk factors; nevertheless, recent studies have still failed to identify the specific pathogenesis. An analysis of the literature showed that oxidative stress and redox imbalance caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to be integral parts of ASD pathophysiology. On the one hand, this review aims to elucidate the communications between oxidative stress, as a risk factor, and ASD. As such, there is also evidence to suggest that early assessment and treatment of antioxidant status are likely to result in improved long-term prognosis by disturbing oxidative stress in the brain to avoid additional irreversible brain damage. Accordingly, we will also discuss the possibility of novel therapies regarding oxidative stress as a target according to recent literature. On the other hand, this review suggests a definite relationship between ASD and an unbalanced gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota (i.e., GIT dysbiosis). A variety of studies have concluded that the intestinal microbiota influences many aspects of human health, including metabolism, the immune and nervous systems, and the mucosal barrier. Additionally, the oxidative stress and GIT dysfunction in autistic children have both been reported to be related to mitochondrial dysfunction. What is the connection between them? Moreover, specific changes in the GIT microbiota are clearly observed in most autistic children, and the related mechanisms and the connection among ASD, the GIT microbiota, and oxidative stress are also discussed, providing a theory and molecular strategies for clinical practice as well as further studies.
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49
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Jeong Y, Park J, Kim EB. Changes in Gut Microbial Community of Pig Feces in Response to Different Dietary Animal Protein Media. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1321-1334. [PMID: 32522966 PMCID: PMC9728240 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Beef, pork, chicken and milk are considered representative protein sources in the human diet. Since the digestion of protein is important, the role of intestinal microflora is also important. Despite this, the pure effects of meat and milk intake on the microbiome are yet to be fully elucidated. To evaluate the effect of beef, pork, chicken and milk on intestinal microflora, we observed changes in the microbiome in response to different types of dietary animal proteins in vitro. Feces were collected from five 6-week-old pigs. The suspensions were pooled and inoculated into four different media containing beef, pork, chicken, or skim milk powder in distilled water. Changes in microbial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The feces alone had the highest microbial alpha diversity. Among the treatment groups, beef showed the highest microbial diversity, followed by pork, chicken, and milk. The three dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in all the groups. The most abundant genera in beef, pork, and chicken were Rummeliibacillus, Clostridium, and Phascolarctobacterium, whereas milk was enriched with Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus. Aerobic bacteria decreased while anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria increased in protein-rich nutrients. Functional gene groups were found to be over-represented in protein-rich nutrients. Our results provide baseline information for understanding the roles of dietary animal proteins in reshaping the gut microbiome. Furthermore, growth-promotion by specific species/genus may be used as a cultivation tool for uncultured gut microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Jeong
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbin Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea,Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-33-250-8642 Fax: +82-33-259-5574 E-mail:
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50
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Food as medicine: targeting the uraemic phenotype in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:153-171. [PMID: 32963366 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk factor for poor health outcomes has boosted interest in the concept of 'food as medicine'. This concept is especially relevant to metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which dietary approaches are already used to ameliorate metabolic and nutritional complications. Increased awareness that toxic uraemic metabolites originate not only from intermediary metabolism but also from gut microbial metabolism, which is directly influenced by diet, has fuelled interest in the potential of 'food as medicine' approaches in CKD beyond the current strategies of protein, sodium and phosphate restriction. Bioactive nutrients can alter the composition and metabolism of the microbiota, act as modulators of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, act as senolytics and impact the epigenome by altering one-carbon metabolism. As gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, premature ageing and epigenetic changes are common features of CKD, these findings suggest that tailored, healthy diets that include bioactive nutrients as part of the foodome could potentially be used to prevent and treat CKD and its complications.
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