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Bremer S, Weitkemper E, Häberlein H, Franken S. St. John's wort extract Ze 117 alters the membrane fluidity of C6 glioma cells by influencing cellular cholesterol metabolism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9878. [PMID: 38684848 PMCID: PMC11059309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Increased glucocorticoid levels caused by uncontrolled release through the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal (HPA) axis can cause changes in the lipid content of the cellular plasma membrane. These changes are suspected to be involved in the development of depressive disorders. St. John's wort extract (SJW) Ze 117 has long been used as an alternative to synthetic antidepressants. Part of its effect may be due to an effect on the cellular lipid composition and thus on the properties of plasma membranes and receptor systems embedded therein. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ze 117 on that of dexamethasone and simvastatin. Dexamethasone increases the fluidity of C6 cell plasma membranes. This effect is counteracted by administration of Ze 117. Here we demonstrate that this is not due to a change in C16:1/16:0 and C18:1/18:0 ratios in C6 cell fatty acids. On the other hand, Ze 117 increased the cellular cholesterol content by 42.5%, whereas dexamethasone reduced cholesterol levels similarly to simvastatin. Lowering cholesterol levels by dexamethasone or simvastatin resulted in decreased β-arrestin 2 recruitment to the 5-HT1a receptor. This effect was counterbalanced by Ze 117, whereas the SJW extract had little effect on β-arrestin 2 recruitment in non-stressed cells. Taken together, in C6 cells, Ze 117 induces changes in membrane fluidity through its effect on cellular cholesterol metabolism rather than by affecting fatty acid saturation. This effect is reflected in an altered signal transduction of the 5-HT1a receptor under Ze 117 administration. The current in vitro results support the hypothesis that Ze 117 addresses relevant parts of the cellular lipid metabolism, possibly explaining some of the antidepressant actions of Ze 117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Bremer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Weitkemper
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanns Häberlein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Franken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Bakhtiari S, Asri N, Jahdkaran M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Rostami-Nejad M. The connection between fatty acids and inflammation in celiac disease; a deep exploring. Tissue Barriers 2024:2342619. [PMID: 38618691 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2342619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between fatty acids (FAs) and celiac disease (CD) is a burgeoning field of research with significant implications for understanding the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic avenues for this autoimmune disorder. CD, triggered by gluten consumption in susceptible individuals, presents with a range of intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms impacting various bodily functions. The disruption of intestinal tight junctions (TJs) by gluten proteins leads to increased gut permeability and subsequent inflammatory responses mediated by T-cells. FAs, crucial components of cell membranes, play diverse roles in inflammation and immune regulation. In fact, FAs have been shown to modulate inflammatory processes through various mechanisms. Studies have highlighted alterations in FA profiles in individuals with CD, indicating potential implications for disease pathogenesis and micronutrient deficiencies. Moreover, the exploration of FAs as biomarkers for CD diagnosis offers promising avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. Understanding the intricate relationship between FAs and CD could lead to novel approaches in managing this complex autoimmune disorder. Therefore, this review article aims to provide an overview of the connection between FAs and inflammation in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Bakhtiari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Jahdkaran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Olejnik A, Gornowicz-Porowska J, Jenerowicz D, Polańska A, Dobrzyńska M, Przysławski J, Sansone A, Ferreri C. Fatty Acids Profile and the Relevance of Membranes as the Target of Nutrition-Based Strategies in Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3857. [PMID: 37686888 PMCID: PMC10489657 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis has increased drastically, especially in urban populations. This multifactorial skin disease is caused by complex interactions between various factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and diet. In eczema, apart from using an elimination diet, the adequate content of fatty acids from foods (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) plays an important role as an immunomodulatory agent. Different aspects regarding atopic dermatitis include connections between lipid metabolism in atopic dermatitis, with the importance of the MUFA levels, as well as of the omega-6/omega-3 balance that affects the formation of long-chain (C20 eicosanoic and C22 docosaenoic) fatty acids and bioactive lipids from them (such as prostaglandins). Impair/repair of the functioning of epidermal barrier is influenced by these fatty acid levels. The purpose of this review is to drive attention to membrane fatty acid composition and its involvement as the target of fatty acid supplementation. The membrane-targeted strategy indicates the future direction for dermatological research regarding the use of nutritional synergies, in particular using red blood cell fatty acid profiles as a tool for checking the effects of supplementations to reach the target and influence the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance of lipid mediators. This knowledge gives the opportunity to develop personalized strategies to create a healthy balance by nutrition with an anti-inflammatory outcome in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
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4
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Kim JW, Lee JY, Oh M, Lee EW. An integrated view of lipid metabolism in ferroptosis revisited via lipidomic analysis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1620-1631. [PMID: 37612411 PMCID: PMC10474074 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This process contributes to cellular and tissue damage in various human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, liver disease, and cancer. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in membrane phospholipids are preferentially oxidized, saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids (SFAs/MUFAs) also influence lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. In this review, we first explain how cells differentially synthesize SFA/MUFAs and PUFAs and how they control fatty acid pools via fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation, impacting ferroptosis. Furthermore, we discuss how fatty acids are stored in different lipids, such as diacyl or ether phospholipids with different head groups; triglycerides; and cholesterols. Moreover, we explain how these fatty acids are released from these molecules. In summary, we provide an integrated view of the diverse and dynamic metabolic processes in the context of ferroptosis by revisiting lipidomic studies. Thus, this review contributes to the development of therapeutic strategies for ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Mihee Oh
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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5
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Poudyal NR, Paul KS. Fatty acid uptake in Trypanosoma brucei: Host resources and possible mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:949409. [PMID: 36478671 PMCID: PMC9719944 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.949409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei spp. causes African Sleeping Sickness in humans and nagana, a wasting disease, in cattle. As T. brucei goes through its life cycle in its mammalian and insect vector hosts, it is exposed to distinct environments that differ in their nutrient resources. One such nutrient resource is fatty acids, which T. brucei uses to build complex lipids or as a potential carbon source for oxidative metabolism. Of note, fatty acids are the membrane anchoring moiety of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors of the major surface proteins, Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) and the Procyclins, which are implicated in parasite survival in the host. While T. brucei can synthesize fatty acids de novo, it also readily acquires fatty acids from its surroundings. The relative contribution of parasite-derived vs. host-derived fatty acids to T. brucei growth and survival is not known, nor have the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid uptake been defined. To facilitate experimental inquiry into these important aspects of T. brucei biology, we addressed two questions in this review: (1) What is known about the availability of fatty acids in different host tissues where T. brucei can live? (2) What is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating fatty acid uptake in T. brucei? Finally, based on existing biochemical and genomic data, we suggest a model for T. brucei fatty acid uptake that proposes two major routes of fatty acid uptake: diffusion across membranes followed by intracellular trapping, and endocytosis of host lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Raj Poudyal
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly S. Paul
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Kimberly S. Paul,
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6
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Seufert AL, Hickman JW, Traxler SK, Peterson RM, Waugh TA, Lashley SJ, Shulzhenko N, Napier RJ, Napier BA. Enriched dietary saturated fatty acids induce trained immunity via ceramide production that enhances severity of endotoxemia and clearance of infection. eLife 2022; 11:e76744. [PMID: 36264059 PMCID: PMC9642993 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is an innate immune memory response that is induced by a primary inflammatory stimulus that sensitizes monocytes and macrophages to a secondary pathogenic challenge, reprogramming the host response to infection and inflammatory disease. Dietary fatty acids can act as inflammatory stimuli, but it is unknown if they can act as the primary stimuli to induce trained immunity. Here we find mice fed a diet enriched exclusively in saturated fatty acids (ketogenic diet; KD) confer a hyper-inflammatory response to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increased mortality, independent of diet-induced microbiome and hyperglycemia. We find KD alters the composition of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and enhances the response of bone marrow macrophages, monocytes, and splenocytes to secondary LPS challenge. Lipidomics identified enhanced free palmitic acid (PA) and PA-associated lipids in KD-fed mice serum. We found pre-treatment with physiologically relevant concentrations of PA induces a hyper-inflammatory response to LPS in macrophages, and this was dependent on the synthesis of ceramide. In vivo, we found systemic PA confers enhanced inflammation and mortality in response to systemic LPS, and this phenotype was not reversible for up to 7 days post-PA-exposure. Conversely, we find PA exposure enhanced clearance of Candida albicans in Rag1-/- mice. Lastly, we show that oleic acid, which depletes intracellular ceramide, reverses PA-induced hyper-inflammation in macrophages and enhanced mortality in response to LPS. These implicate enriched dietary SFAs, and specifically PA, in the induction of long-lived innate immune memory and highlight the plasticity of this innate immune reprogramming by dietary constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Seufert
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - James W Hickman
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Ste K Traxler
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Rachael M Peterson
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Trent A Waugh
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | | | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Ruth J Napier
- VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Brooke A Napier
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State UniversityPortlandUnited States
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7
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Bora S, Adole PS, Vinod KV, Pillai AA. A validated and optimized method for separation and quantification of total fatty acids by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123473. [PMID: 36155260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are associated with many physiological functions of tissues, and their alteration has been linked with tissue-specific or systemic diseases. The current situation warrants us to have a sensitive and specific method for analysis of total FAs simultaneously from the biological fluid so that the risk prediction, diagnosis or prognosis of the disease can be made effectively. Because of greater sensitivity and resolution, a method of gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) has been optimized and validated to quantify simultaneously 19 total FAs levels in plasma and compared with GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. FAs have been transesterified by methanolic acetyl chloride to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). A 65 min GC method separated all 19 FAMEs. The calibration curve had good linearity up to 313-922 μM with a correlation coefficient between 0.9882 and 0.9998. The LODs and LOQs of FAMEs were in the range of 0.63 to 9.55 and 2.12 to 31.8 μM, respectively. The method has recovery up to 144 %, stability at 4 °C for 48 h and one freeze-thaw cycle, and good intra-day and inter-day precision. The optimized method has been used to quantify plasma total FAs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without acute coronary syndrome. Though a significant difference has been found between IT/MS and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the GC-IT/MS can help to quantify total FAs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Bora
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Prashant S Adole
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
| | - Kolar V Vinod
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Ajith A Pillai
- Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
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8
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Wu T, Guo H, Zhang T, Sun R, Tao N, Wang X, Zhong J. LipidSearch‐based manual comparative analysis of long‐chain free fatty acids in thermal processed tilapia muscles: workflow, thermal processing effect and comparative lipid analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai) Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By‐Products of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing and Preservation College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Hao Guo
- Chongqing Institute of Forensic Science Chongqing 400021 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai) Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By‐Products of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing and Preservation College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Rui Sun
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai) Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By‐Products of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing and Preservation College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Ningping Tao
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai) Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By‐Products of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing and Preservation College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Xichang Wang
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai) Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By‐Products of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing and Preservation College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 China
| | - Jian Zhong
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai) Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By‐Products of Aquatic Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing and Preservation College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 China
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Abstract
The intimate association between obesity and type II diabetes urges for a deeper understanding of adipocyte function. We and others have previously delineated a role for the tumor suppressor p53 in adipocyte biology. Here, we show that mice haploinsufficient for MDM2, a key regulator of p53, in their adipose stores suffer from overt obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. These mice had decreased levels of circulating palmitoleic acid [non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) 16:1] concomitant with impaired visceral adipose tissue expression of Scd1 and Ffar4. A similar decrease in Scd and Ffar4 expression was found in in vitro differentiated adipocytes with perturbed MDM2 expression. Lowered MDM2 levels led to nuclear exclusion of the transcriptional cofactors, MORC2 and LIPIN1, and thereby possibly hampered adipocyte function by antagonizing LIPIN1-mediated PPARγ coactivation. Collectively, these data argue for a hitherto unknown interplay between MDM2 and MORC2/LIPIN1 involved in balancing adipocyte function.
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10
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Yu D, Zheng F, Wang L, Li C, Lu X, Lin X, Zhou L, Xu G. Novel Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics Method for a Small Number of Cells Using Chip-Based Nanoelectrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13765-13773. [PMID: 34606241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) can provide metabolic conversion information of specific targets; it is a powerful tool for cell metabolism studies. The common analytical platform for SIRM is chromatography-mass spectrometry, which requires a large number of cells and is not suitable for precious rare cell analysis. To study a small number of cells, we established a novel SIRM method using chip-based nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry (MS). 13C-glutamine was taken as an example; the unlabeled and 13C-labeled cells were cultured and extracted in a 96-well plate and then directly injected into MS and analyzed in full scan mode and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode targeting 44 glutamine-derived metabolites and their isotopologues. To define focused metabolite-related MS2 fragments produced in the PRM, a new strategy was proposed including MS2 exact m/z matching, MS2 false positive filtering, and MS2 fragment grouping to remove the interfering MS2 ions. In total, 292 and 349 pairs of paired MS2 ions were obtained in positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. By searching spectra databases, 31 targeted metabolites with their isotopologues were identified and their characteristic product ions were confirmed for MS2 quantification. The relative quantification was achieved by MS2 quantification, which showed better sensitivity and accuracy than common MS1-based quantification. Finally, this method was applied to isocitrate dehydrogenase I-mutated glioma cells for revealing the effects of triptolide on glioma cell metabolism using U-13C-glutamine as a labeling substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fujian Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Köfeler HC, Ahrends R, Baker ES, Ekroos K, Han X, Hoffmann N, Holčapek M, Wenk MR, Liebisch G. Recommendations for good practice in MS-based lipidomics. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100138. [PMID: 34662536 PMCID: PMC8585648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 2 decades, lipidomics has become one of the fastest expanding scientific disciplines in biomedical research. With an increasing number of new research groups to the field, it is even more important to design guidelines for assuring high standards of data quality. The Lipidomics Standards Initiative is a community-based endeavor for the coordination of development of these best practice guidelines in lipidomics and is embedded within the International Lipidomics Society. It is the intention of this review to highlight the most quality-relevant aspects of the lipidomics workflow, including preanalytics, sample preparation, MS, and lipid species identification and quantitation. Furthermore, this review just does not only highlights examples of best practice but also sheds light on strengths, drawbacks, and pitfalls in the lipidomic analysis workflow. While this review is neither designed to be a step-by-step protocol by itself nor dedicated to a specific application of lipidomics, it should nevertheless provide the interested reader with links and original publications to obtain a comprehensive overview concerning the state-of-the-art practices in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald C Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department for Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., Esbo, Finland
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Inst Longev & Aging Studies, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nils Hoffmann
- Center for Biotechnology, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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12
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Sergi D, Luscombe-Marsh N, Naumovski N, Abeywardena M, O'Callaghan N. Palmitic Acid, but Not Lauric Acid, Induces Metabolic Inflammation, Mitochondrial Fragmentation, and a Drop in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Primary Myotubes. Front Nutr 2021; 8:663838. [PMID: 34136519 PMCID: PMC8200524 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.663838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chain length of saturated fatty acids may dictate their impact on inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, two pivotal players in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. However, these paradigms have only been investigated in animal models and cell lines so far. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of palmitic (PA) (16:0) and lauric (LA) (12:0) acid on human primary myotubes mitochondrial health and metabolic inflammation. Human primary myotubes were challenged with either PA or LA (500 μM). After 24 h, the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas Western blot was used to quantify the abundance of the inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκBα), electron transport chain complex proteins and mitofusin-2 (MFN-2). Mitochondrial membrane potential and dynamics were evaluated using tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and immunocytochemistry, respectively. PA, contrarily to LA, triggered an inflammatory response marked by the upregulation of IL-6 mRNA (11-fold; P < 0.01) and a decrease in IκBα (32%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, whereas PA and LA did not differently modulate the levels of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins, PA induced mitochondrial fragmentation (37%; P < 0.001), decreased MFN-2 (38%; P < 0.05), and caused a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (11%; P < 0.01) compared to control, with this effect being absent in LA-treated cells. Thus, LA, as opposed to PA, did not trigger pathogenetic mechanisms proposed to be linked with insulin resistance and therefore represents a healthier saturated fatty acid choice to potentially preserve skeletal muscle metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Mahinda Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Free Fatty Acids Signature in Human Intestinal Disorders: Significant Association between Butyric Acid and Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030742. [PMID: 33652681 PMCID: PMC7996737 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP), and colorectal cancer (CRC) to healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 44 patients (19 CRC, 9 AP, 16 CD) and 16 HC. We performed a quantitative FFA evaluation with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (GC-MS), and we performed Dirichlet-multinomial regression in order to highlight disease-specific FFA signature. HC showed a different composition of FFAs than CRC, AP, and CD patients. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed perfect overlap between the CRC and AP patients and separation of HC from the diseased groups. The Dirichlet-multinomial regression identified only strong positive association between CD and butyric acid. Moreover, CD patients showed significant interactions with age, BMI, and gender. In addition, among patients with the same age and BMI, being male compared to being female implies a decrease of the CD effect on the (log) prevalence of butyric acid in FFA composition. Our data support GC-MS as a suitable method for the concurrent analysis of circulating SCFAs, MCFAs, and LCFAs in different gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, and notably, we suggest for the first time that butyric acid could represent a potential biomarker for CD screening.
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14
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Špačková J, Fabra C, Mittelette S, Gaillard E, Chen CH, Cazals G, Lebrun A, Sene S, Berthomieu D, Chen K, Gan Z, Gervais C, Métro TX, Laurencin D. Unveiling the Structure and Reactivity of Fatty-Acid Based (Nano)materials Thanks to Efficient and Scalable 17O and 18O-Isotopic Labeling Schemes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21068-21081. [PMID: 33264006 PMCID: PMC7877562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are ubiquitous in biological systems and widely used in materials science, including for the formulation of drugs and the surface-functionalization of nanoparticles. However, important questions regarding the structure and reactivity of these molecules are still to be elucidated, including their mode of binding to certain metal cations or materials surfaces. In this context, we have developed novel, efficient, user-friendly, and cost-effective synthetic protocols based on ball-milling, for the 17O and 18O isotopic labeling of two key fatty acids which are widely used in (nano)materials science, namely stearic and oleic acid. Labeled molecules were analyzed by 1H and 13C solution NMR, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF and LC-MS), as well as 17O solid state NMR (for the 17O labeled species). In both cases, the labeling procedures were scaled-up to produce up to gram quantities of 17O- or 18O-enriched molecules in just half-a-day, with very good synthetic yields (all ≥84%) and enrichment levels (up to an average of 46% per carboxylic oxygen). The 17O-labeled oleic acid was then used for the synthesis of a metal soap (Zn-oleate) and the surface-functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which were characterized for the first time by high-resolution 17O NMR (at 14.1 and 35.2 T). This allowed very detailed insight into (i) the coordination mode of the oleate ligand in Zn-oleate to be achieved (including information on Zn···O distances) and (ii) the mode of attachment of oleic-acid at the surface of ZnO (including novel information on its photoreactivity upon UV-irradiation). Overall, this work demonstrates the high interest of these fatty acid-enrichment protocols for understanding the structure and reactivity of a variety of functional (nano)materials systems using high resolution analyses like 17O NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlyn Fabra
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | | | - Chia-Hsin Chen
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Aurélien Lebrun
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Saad Sene
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Kuizhi Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL),
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306,
United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL),
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306,
United States
| | - Christel Gervais
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière
Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), UMR 7574, Sorbonne Université,
CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Wu T, Guo H, Lu Z, Zhang T, Zhao R, Tao N, Wang X, Zhong J. Reliability of LipidSearch software identification and its application to assess the effect of dry salting on the long-chain free fatty acid profile of tilapia muscles. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109791. [PMID: 33288177 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dry salting has important effects on food lipids. In this work, the reliability of LipidSearch software identification and its application to assess the effect of dry salting on the long-chain free fatty acid profile of tilapia muscles were studied by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry and LipidSearch software. Compared with the standard reference identification method, the LipidSearch software identification method was suggested to be a reliable identification method for long-chain free fatty acid identification. During the dry salting process, tilapia muscles with low muscle-to-salt mass ratios of 3-8 might have stable and similar free fatty acid profile changes, and the free fatty acid amounts decreased and then increased with time. This work could provide useful information to evaluate the development and application of LipidSearch software as well as a way to analyze the effect of dry salting on the free fatty acids change of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Chongqing Institute of Forensic Science, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Zhiwen Lu
- Shanghai Gaojing Detection Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruofei Zhao
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ningping Tao
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xichang Wang
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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16
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Martínez-Montañés F, Casanovas A, Sprenger RR, Topolska M, Marshall DL, Moreno-Torres M, Poad BL, Blanksby SJ, Hermansson M, Jensen ON, Ejsing CS. Phosphoproteomic Analysis across the Yeast Life Cycle Reveals Control of Fatty Acyl Chain Length by Phosphorylation of the Fatty Acid Synthase Complex. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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17
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Azab SM, de Souza RJ, Teo KK, Anand SS, Williams NC, Holzschuher J, McGlory C, Philips SM, Britz-McKibbin P. Serum nonesterified fatty acids have utility as dietary biomarkers of fat intake from fish, fish oil, and dairy in women. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:933-944. [PMID: 32234835 PMCID: PMC7269757 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d120000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional studies rely on various biological specimens for FA determination, yet it is unclear how levels of serum NEFAs correlate with other circulating lipid pools. Here, we used a high-throughput method (<4 min/sample) based on multisegment injection-nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-NACE-MS) to investigate whether specific serum NEFAs have utility as biomarkers of dietary fat intake in women. We first identified circulating NEFAs correlated with long-term/habitual food intake among pregnant women with contrasting dietary patterns (n = 50). Acute changes in serum NEFA trajectories were also studied in nonpregnant women (n = 18) following high-dose (5 g/day) fish oil (FO) supplementation or isoenergetic sunflower oil placebo over 56 days. In the cross-sectional study, serum ω-3 FAs correlated with self-reported total ω-3 daily intake, notably EPA as its NEFA (r = 0.46; P = 0.001), whereas pentadecanoic acid was associated with full-fat dairy intake (r = 0.43; P = 0.002), outcomes consistent with results from total FA serum hydrolysates. In the intervention cohort, serum ω-3 NEFAs increased 2.5-fold from baseline within 28 days following FO supplementation, and this increase was most pronounced for EPA (P = 0.0004). Unlike for DHA, circulating EPA as its NEFA also strongly correlated to EPA concentrations measured from erythrocyte phospholipid hydrolysates (r = 0.66; P = 4.6 × 10-10) and was better suited to detect dietary nonadherence. We conclude that MSI-NACE-MS offers a rapid method to quantify serum NEFAs and objectively monitor dietary fat intake in women that is complementary to food-frequency questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi M Azab
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacognosy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Koon K Teo
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jordan Holzschuher
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. mailto:
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18
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Nielsen IØ, Vidas Olsen A, Dicroce-Giacobini J, Papaleo E, Andersen KK, Jäättelä M, Maeda K, Bilgin M. Comprehensive Evaluation of a Quantitative Shotgun Lipidomics Platform for Mammalian Sample Analysis on a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:894-907. [PMID: 32129994 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shotgun lipidomics is a powerful tool that enables simultaneous and fast quantification of diverse lipid classes through mass spectrometry based analyses of directly infused crude lipid extracts. We present here a shotgun lipidomics platform established to quantify 38 lipid classes belonging to four lipid categories present in mammalian samples and show the fine-tuning and comprehensive evaluation of its experimental parameters and performance. We first determined for all the targeted lipid classes the collision energy levels optimal for the recording of their lipid class- and species-specific fragment ions and fine-tuned the energy levels applied in the platform. We then performed a series of titrations to define the boundaries of linear signal response for the targeted lipid classes, and demonstrated that the dynamic quantification range spanned more than 3 orders of magnitude and reached sub picomole levels for 35 lipid classes. The platform identified 273, 261, and 287 lipid species in brain, plasma, and cultured fibroblast samples, respectively, at the respective optimal working sample amounts. The platform properly quantified the majority of these identified lipid species, while lipid species measured to be below the limit of quantification were efficiently removed from the data sets by the use of statistical analyses of data reproducibility or a cutoff threshold. Finally, we demonstrated that a series of parameters of cell culture conditions influence lipidomics outcomes, including confluency, medium supplements, and use of transfection reagents. The present study provides a guideline for setting up and using a simple and efficient platform for quantitatively exploring the mammalian lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Ødum Nielsen
- Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - André Vidas Olsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jano Dicroce-Giacobini
- Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Klaus Kaae Andersen
- Unit for Statistics and Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Mesut Bilgin
- Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
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19
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A Simple and Direct Assay for Monitoring Fatty Acid Synthase Activity and Product-Specificity by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010118. [PMID: 31936797 PMCID: PMC7023185 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo fatty acid synthesis is a pivotal enzymatic process in all eukaryotic organisms. It is involved in the conversion of glucose and other nutrients to fatty acyl (FA) chains, that cells use as building blocks for membranes, energy storage, and signaling molecules. Central to this multistep enzymatic process is the cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase complex (FASN) which in mammals produces, according to biochemical textbooks, primarily non-esterified palmitic acid (NEFA 16:0). The activity of FASN is commonly measured using a spectrophotometry-based assay that monitors the consumption of the reactant NADPH. This assay is indirect, can be biased by interfering processes that use NADPH, and cannot report the NEFA chain-length produced by FASN. To circumvent these analytical caveats, we developed a simple mass spectrometry-based assay that affords monitoring of FASN activity and its product-specificity. In this assay (i) purified FASN is incubated with 13C-labeled malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, and NADPH, (ii) at defined time points the reaction mixture is spiked with an internal NEFA standard and extracted, and (iii) the extract is analyzed directly, without vacuum evaporation and chemical derivatization, by direct-infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. This assay supports essentially noise-free detection and absolute quantification of de novo synthetized 13C-labled NEFAs. We demonstrate the efficacy of our assay by determining the specific activity of purified cow FASN and show that in addition to the canonical NEFA 16:0 this enzyme also produces NEFA 12:0, 14:0, 18:0, and 20:0. We note that our assay is generic and can be carried out using commonly available high-resolution mass spectrometers with a resolving power as low as 95,000. We deem that our simple assay could be used as high-throughput screening technology for developing potent FASN inhibitors and for enzyme engineering aimed at modulating the activity and the product-landscape of fatty acid synthases.
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20
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Liebisch G, Ecker J, Roth S, Schweizer S, Öttl V, Schött HF, Yoon H, Haller D, Holler E, Burkhardt R, Matysik S. Quantification of Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Investigation of Pre-Analytic Stability. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E121. [PMID: 30925749 PMCID: PMC6523859 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are generated by the degradation and fermentation of complex carbohydrates, (i.e., dietary fiber) by the gut microbiota relevant for microbe⁻host communication. Here, we present a method for the quantification of SCFAs in fecal samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) upon derivatization to 3-nitrophenylhydrazones (3NPH). The method includes acetate, propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate with a run time of 4 min. The reproducible (coefficients of variation (CV) below 10%) quantification of SCFAs in human fecal samples was achieved by the application of stable isotope labelled internal standards. The specificity was demonstrated by the introduction of a quantifier and qualifier ions. The method was applied to investigate the pre-analytic stability of SCFAs in human feces. Concentrations of SCFA may change substantially within hours; the degree and kinetics of these changes revealed huge differences between the donors. The fecal SCFA level could be preserved by the addition of organic solvents like isopropanol. An analysis of the colon content of mice either treated with antibiotics or fed with a diet containing a non-degradable and -fermentable fiber source showed decreased SCFA concentrations. In summary, this fast and reproducible method for the quantification of SCFA in fecal samples provides a valuable tool for both basic research and large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Josef Ecker
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Roth
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sabine Schweizer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Veronika Öttl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Frieder Schött
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hongsup Yoon
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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