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Villavicencio-Tejo F, Olesen MA, Navarro L, Calisto N, Iribarren C, García K, Corsini G, Quintanilla RA. Gut-Brain Axis Deregulation and Its Possible Contribution to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotox Res 2023; 42:4. [PMID: 38103074 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is an essential communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. The human microbiota is composed of a diverse and abundant microbial community that compasses more than 100 trillion microorganisms that participate in relevant physiological functions such as host nutrient metabolism, structural integrity, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier, and immunomodulation. Recent evidence in animal models has been instrumental in demonstrating the possible role of the microbiota in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and behavior. Furthermore, clinical studies suggested that adverse changes in the microbiota can be considered a susceptibility factor for neurological disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we will discuss evidence describing the role of gut microbes in health and disease as a relevant risk factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, PD, HD, and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villavicencio-Tejo
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margrethe A Olesen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Navarro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Calisto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Iribarren
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Gastrointestinales, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Gastrointestinales, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gino Corsini
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile.
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Strout N, Pasic L, Hicks C, Chua XY, Tashvighi N, Butler P, Liu Z, El-Assaad F, Holmes E, Susic D, Samaras K, Craig ME, Davis GK, Henry A, Ledger WL, El-Omar EM. The MothersBabies Study, an Australian Prospective Cohort Study Analyzing the Microbiome in the Preconception and Perinatal Period to Determine Risk of Adverse Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Child-Related Health Outcomes: Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6736. [PMID: 37754596 PMCID: PMC10531411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a key determinant of human health and reproduction, with recent evidence suggesting a dysbiotic microbiome is implicated in adverse perinatal health outcomes. The existing research has been limited by the sample collection and timing, cohort design, sample design, and lack of data on the preconception microbiome. This prospective, longitudinal cohort study will recruit 2000 Australian women, in order to fully explore the role of the microbiome in the development of adverse perinatal outcomes. Participants are enrolled for a maximum of 7 years, from 1 year preconception, through to 5 years postpartum. Assessment occurs every three months until pregnancy occurs, then during Trimester 1 (5 + 0-12 + 6 weeks gestation), Trimester 2 (20 + 0-24 + 6 weeks gestation), Trimester 3 (32 + 0-36 + 6 weeks gestation), and postpartum at 1 week, 2 months, 6 months, and then annually from 1 to 5 years. At each assessment, maternal participants self-collect oral, skin, vaginal, urine, and stool samples. Oral, skin, urine, and stool samples will be collected from children. Blood samples will be obtained from maternal participants who can access a study collection center. The measurements taken will include anthropometric, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum hormonal and metabolic parameters. Validated self-report questionnaires will be administered to assess diet, physical activity, mental health, and child developmental milestones. Medications, medical, surgical, obstetric history, the impact of COVID-19, living environments, and pregnancy and child health outcomes will be recorded. Multiomic bioinformatic and statistical analyses will assess the association between participants who developed high-risk and low-risk pregnancies, adverse postnatal conditions, and/or childhood disease, and their microbiome for the different sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Strout
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
| | - Lana Pasic
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
| | - Chloe Hicks
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
| | - Xin-Yi Chua
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
| | - Niki Tashvighi
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
| | - Phoebe Butler
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
| | - Zhixin Liu
- UNSW Stats Central, Biological Sciences South Building (E26), Level 2 Kensington, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Healthdirect Australia, Level 4, 477 Pitt Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Fatima El-Assaad
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
| | - Elaine Holmes
- The Australian National Phenome Centre, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Daniella Susic
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; (G.K.D.); (A.H.)
- Discipline of Women’s Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.C.); (W.L.L.)
| | - Katherine Samaras
- Complex Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical Campus, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria E. Craig
- Discipline of Women’s Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.C.); (W.L.L.)
| | - Gregory K. Davis
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; (G.K.D.); (A.H.)
- Discipline of Women’s Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.C.); (W.L.L.)
| | - Amanda Henry
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; (G.K.D.); (A.H.)
- Discipline of Women’s Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.C.); (W.L.L.)
| | - William L. Ledger
- Discipline of Women’s Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.C.); (W.L.L.)
| | - Emad M. El-Omar
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.S.); (L.P.); (C.H.); (X.-Y.C.); (F.E.-A.); (D.S.)
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Valtetsiotis K, Di Martino A, Brunello M, Tassinari L, D'Agostino C, Traina F, Faldini C. The Potential Role of Gut Bacteriome Dysbiosis as a Leading Cause of Periprosthetic Infection: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1778. [PMID: 37512950 PMCID: PMC10385477 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent a small yet important risk when undertaking a joint arthroplasty; they occur in approximately 1-2% of treatments. These infections create a medical and financial burden for patients and healthcare systems. Despite the introduction of recognized best clinical practices during arthroplasty operations, it is not yet possible to further reduce the risk of infection after surgery. The purpose of this review is to raise awareness of the potential role of gut dysbiosis in the development of PJIs and to highlight the potential of the gut bacteriome as a possible target for preventing them. (2) Methods: We compiled all the available data from five databases, examining the effects of gut dysbiosis in human and murine studies, following PRISMA guidelines, for a total of five reviewed studies. (3) Results: One human and one murine study found the Trojan horse theory applicable. Additionally, inflammatory bowel diseases, gut permeability, and oral antibiotic ingestion all appeared to play a role in promoting gut dysbiosis to cause PJIs, according to the other three studies. (4) Conclusions: Gut dysbiosis is linked to an increased risk of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Valtetsiotis
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunello
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tassinari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Agostino
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Traina
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Orthopedics-Traumatology and Prosthetic Surgery and Hip and Knee Revision, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease comprises cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction and underlies the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, both within the United States and worldwide. Commensal microbiota are implicated in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Evidence suggests that the microbiome is relatively variable during infancy and early childhood, becoming more fixed in later childhood and adulthood. Effects of microbiota, both during early development, and in later life, may induce changes in host metabolism that modulate risk mechanisms and predispose toward the development of cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we summarize the factors that influence gut microbiome composition and function during early life and explore how changes in microbiota and microbial metabolism influence host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk throughout life. We highlight limitations in current methodology and approaches and outline state-of-the-art advances, which are improving research and building toward refined diagnosis and treatment options in microbiome-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
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Hsu M, Tun KM, Batra K, Haque L, Vongsavath T, Hong AS. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1272. [PMID: 37317246 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been increasingly studied in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population. However, most studies have focused on the adult population, and the safety and efficacy of FMT in a pediatric population is less well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the safety and efficacy of FMT in a pediatric IBD population. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of publications published prior to 30 June 2022 was undertaken. Safety data, IBD-related outcomes, and microbiome analysis were obtained from these studies when accessible. Individual estimates of each study were pooled, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results: Eleven studies satisfied our eligibility criteria. The calculated pooled rate of adverse events was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.0%, 44.0%; p < 0.001; I2 = 89.0%, Q = 94.53), and the calculated pooled rate of serious adverse events was 10% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0%, 14.0%; p = 0.28; I2 = 18.0%, Q = 9.79). One month after FMT, clinical response was achieved in 20/34 (58.8%) pediatric IBD patients, clinical remission was achieved in 22/34 (64.7%), and both clinical response and remission were achieved in 15/34 (44.1%) pediatric IBD patients. Conclusions: FMT can be a safe and effective treatment in the pediatric IBD population and may demonstrate improved safety and efficacy in the pediatric population compared to the adult population. However, our results are limited by a lack of established protocol as well as long-term follow-up for FMT in a pediatric IBD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Kyaw Min Tun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
- Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Lubaba Haque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Tahne Vongsavath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Annie S Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
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Terashita S, Yoshida T, Matsumura K, Hatakeyama T, Inadera H. Caesarean section and childhood obesity at age 3 years derived from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6535. [PMID: 37085536 PMCID: PMC10121560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Caesarean section (CS) birth is widely reported to be a risk factor for childhood obesity. Although susceptibility to childhood obesity is influenced by race and ethnicity, it is unclear whether this risk of childhood obesity with CS birth also applies in the Japanese population. We investigated the impact of CS birth on obesity at 3 years of age in Japanese children. We obtained data from 60,769 mother-toddler pairs in the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a large-scale birth cohort study. Obesity was determined by body mass index measured at 3 years of age. Analysis revealed that 11,241 toddlers (18.5%) had a CS birth and that 4912 toddlers (8.1%) were obese. The adjusted risk ratio for obesity at 3 years of age when born by CS compared with vaginal delivery, estimated using inverse probability of treatment weighting, was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.25). These results suggest that CS birth modestly increases the risk of obesity at 3 years of age in Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Terashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Taketoshi Yoshida
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Rajesh V, Hegde A, Shetty V, Garg M, Kamath A, Ballal M, Mutreja A, Kumar V. Implications of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices on gastrointestinal health and antibiotic exposure: A questionnaire-based assessment. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Ong YY, Pang WW, Michael N, Aris IM, Sadananthan SA, Tint MT, Liang Choo JT, Ling LH, Karnani N, Velan SS, Fortier MV, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Chong MFF, Wlodek ME, Lee YS. Timing of introduction of complementary foods, breastfeeding, and child cardiometabolic risk: a prospective multiethnic Asian cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:83-92. [PMID: 36789947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of introduction of complementary foods and the duration of breastfeeding (BF) have been independently associated with child overweight and obesity; however, their combined influence on body fat partitioning and cardiometabolic risk is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of the timing of introduction of complementary foods, the duration of BF, and their interaction with child adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS We analyzed data from 839 children in the prospective Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Mothers reported the age at which infants were first fed complementary foods and BF duration, classified as early (≤4 mo) versus typical (>4 mo) complementary feeding (CF) and short (≤4 mo) versus long (>4 mo) duration of any BF, respectively. We measured adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers at the age of 6 y and examined their associations with infant feeding patterns using multiple regression, adjusting for sociodemographics, parents' body mass index (BMI), maternal factors, birth weight for gestational age, and infant weight gain. RESULTS Of 839 children, 18% experienced early CF, whereas 54% experienced short BF. Short (vs. long) BF and early (vs. typical) CF were independently associated with higher z-scores of BMI [β (95% confidence interval), short BF, 0.18 standard deviation score (SDS) (-0.01, 0.38); early CF, 0.34 SDS (0.11, 0.57)] and sum of skinfolds [short BF, 1.83 mm (0.05, 3.61); early CF, 2.73 mm (0.55, 4.91)]. Children who experienced both early CF and short BF (vs. typical CF-long BF) had synergistically higher diastolic blood pressure [1.41 mmHg (-0.15, 2.97), P-interaction = 0.023] and metabolic syndrome score [0.81 (0.16, 1.47), P-interaction = 0.081]. Early CF-long BF (vs. early CF-short BF) was associated with a lower systolic blood pressure [-3.74 mmHg (-7.01, -0.48)], diastolic blood pressure [-2.29 mmHg (-4.47, -0.11)], and metabolic syndrome score [-0.90 (-1.80, 0.00)]. CONCLUSIONS A combination of early CF and short BF was associated with elevated child adiposity and cardiometabolic markers. Longer BF duration may protect against cardiometabolic risk associated with early CF. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary F-F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Pandrea I, Brooks K, Desai RP, Tare M, Brenchley JM, Apetrei C. I’ve looked at gut from both sides now: Gastrointestinal tract involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV/SIV infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899559. [PMID: 36032119 PMCID: PMC9411647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains an incredibly diverse and extensive collection of microorganisms that can directly stimulate the immune system. There are significant data to demonstrate that the spatial localization of the microbiome can impact viral disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss recent studies that have investigated causes and consequences of GI tract pathologies in HIV, SIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections with HIV and SIV initiating GI pathology from the basal side and SARS-CoV-2 from the luminal side. Both these infections result in alterations of the intestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation, persistent inflammation, and T-cell immune activation. GI tract damage is one of the major contributors to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and to the incomplete immune restoration in HIV-infected subjects, even in those with robust viral control with antiretroviral therapy. While the causes of GI tract pathologies differ between these virus families, therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-induced inflammation and improve the integrity of the GI tract may improve the prognoses of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelsie Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rahul P. Desai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Minali Tare
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cristian Apetrei,
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10
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Laue HE, Karagas MR, Coker MO, Bellinger DC, Baker ER, Korrick SA, Madan JC. Sex-specific relationships of the infant microbiome and early-childhood behavioral outcomes. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:580-591. [PMID: 34732816 PMCID: PMC9065210 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between the gut microbiome and behavior is hypothesized, but most previous studies are cross-sectional or in animal models. The modifying role of host sex is poorly characterized. We aimed to identify sex-specific prospective associations between the early-life gut microbiome and preschool-age neurobehavior. METHODS In a prospective cohort, gut microbiome diversity and taxa were estimated with 16S rRNA sequencing at 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. Species and gene pathways were inferred from metagenomic sequencing at 6 weeks and 1 year. When subjects were 3 years old, parents completed the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, second edition (BASC-2). A total of 260 children contributed 523 16S rRNA and 234 metagenomics samples to analysis. Models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Higher diversity at 6 weeks was associated with better internalizing problems among boys, but not girls [βBoys = -1.86 points/SD Shannon diversity; 95% CI (-3.29, -0.42), pBoys = 0.01, βGirls = 0.22 (-1.43, 1.87), pGirls = 0.8, pinteraction = 0.06]. Among other taxa-specific associations, Bifidobacterium at 6 weeks was associated with Adaptive Skills scores in a sex-specific manner. We observed relationships between functional features and BASC-2 scores, including vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathways and better Depression scores. CONCLUSIONS This study advances our understanding of microbe-host interactions with implications for childhood behavioral health. IMPACT This is one of the first studies to examine the early-life microbiome and neurobehavior, and the first to examine prospective sex-specific associations. Infant and early-childhood microbiomes relate to neurobehavior including anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, and social behaviors in a time- and sex-specific manner. Our findings suggest future studies should evaluate whether host sex impacts the relationship between the gut microbiome and behavioral health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,Correspondence to: Dr. Hannah E. Laue, One Medical Center Dr, WTRB 700 Lebanon NH 03766, , Phone: 1-603-646-5426
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,Oral Biology Department, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - David C. Bellinger
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH,These authors contributed equally
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11
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Bombin A, Yan S, Bombin S, Mosley JD, Ferguson JF. Obesity influences composition of salivary and fecal microbiota and impacts the interactions between bacterial taxa. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15254. [PMID: 35384379 PMCID: PMC8980904 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing global health concern and is associated with a broad range of morbidities. The gut microbiota are increasingly recognized as important contributors to obesity and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to characterize oral and gut microbial communities, and evaluate host: microbiota interactions between clinical obesity classifications. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing on fecal and salivary samples, global metabolomics profiling on plasma and stool samples, and dietary profiling in 135 healthy individuals. We grouped individuals by obesity status, based on body mass index (BMI), including lean (BMI 18-124.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), or obese (BMI ≥30). We analyzed differences in microbiome composition, community inter-relationships, and predicted microbial function by obesity status. We found that salivary bacterial communities of lean and obese individuals were compositionally and phylogenetically distinct. An increase in obesity status was positively associated with strong correlations between bacterial taxa, particularly with bacterial groups implicated in metabolic disorders including Fretibacterium, and Tannerella. Consumption of sweeteners, especially xylitol, significantly influenced compositional and phylogenetic diversities of salivary and fecal bacterial communities. In addition, obesity groups exhibited differences in predicted bacterial metabolic activity, which was correlated with host's metabolite concentrations. Overall, obesity was associated with distinct changes in bacterial community dynamics, particularly in saliva. Consideration of microbiome community structure and inclusion of salivary samples may improve our ability to understand pathways linking microbiota to obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bombin
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Shun Yan
- Department of GeneticsThe University of AlabamaBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Sergei Bombin
- Department of Biological SciencesThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Mosley
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center (VMIC)NashvilleTennesseeUSA
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12
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Vasilescu IM, Chifiriuc MC, Pircalabioru GG, Filip R, Bolocan A, Lazăr V, Diţu LM, Bleotu C. Gut Dysbiosis and Clostridioides difficile Infection in Neonates and Adults. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:651081. [PMID: 35126320 PMCID: PMC8810811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on gut microbiota profiles in infants and adults colonized (CDC) or infected (CDI) with Clostridioides difficile. After a short update on CDI epidemiology and pathology, we present the gut dysbiosis profiles associated with CDI in adults and infants, as well as the role of dysbiosis in C. difficile spores germination and multiplication. Both molecular and culturomic studies agree on a significant decrease of gut microbiota diversity and resilience in CDI, depletion of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria phyla and a high abundance of Proteobacteria, associated with low butyrogenic and high lactic acid-bacteria levels. In symptomatic cases, microbiota deviations are associated with high levels of inflammatory markers, such as calprotectin. In infants, colonization with Bifidobacteria that trigger a local anti-inflammatory response and abundance of Ruminococcus, together with lack of receptors for clostridial toxins and immunological factors (e.g., C. difficile toxins neutralizing antibodies) might explain the lack of clinical symptoms. Gut dysbiosis amelioration through administration of “biotics” or non-toxigenic C. difficile preparations and fecal microbiota transplantation proved to be very useful for the management of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia-Magdalena Vasilescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- INBI “Prof. Dr. Matei Balş” – National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc,
| | | | - Roxana Filip
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Regional County Emergency Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bolocan
- Department of General Surgery, University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Veronica Lazăr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Diţu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Jee JJ, Yang L, Shivakumar P, Xu PP, Mourya R, Thanekar U, Yu P, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Wang H, Duan X, Ye Y, Wang B, Jin Z, Liu Y, Cao Z, Watanabe-Chailland M, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wagner M, Fei L, Luo Z, Ollberding NJ, Tang ST, Bezerra JA. Maternal regulation of biliary disease in neonates via gut microbial metabolites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35013245 PMCID: PMC8748778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal seeding of the microbiome in neonates promotes a long-lasting biological footprint, but how it impacts disease susceptibility in early life remains unknown. We hypothesized that feeding butyrate to pregnant mice influences the newborn’s susceptibility to biliary atresia, a severe cholangiopathy of neonates. Here, we show that butyrate administration to mothers renders newborn mice resistant to inflammation and injury of bile ducts and improves survival. The prevention of hepatic immune cell activation and survival trait is linked to fecal signatures of Bacteroidetes and Clostridia and increases glutamate/glutamine and hypoxanthine in stool metabolites of newborn mice. In human neonates with biliary atresia, the fecal microbiome signature of these bacteria is under-represented, with suppression of glutamate/glutamine and increased hypoxanthine pathways. The direct administration of butyrate or glutamine to newborn mice attenuates the disease phenotype, but only glutamine renders bile duct epithelial cells resistant to cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. Thus, maternal intake of butyrate influences the fecal microbial population and metabolites in newborn mice and the phenotypic expression of experimental biliary atresia, with glutamine promoting survival of bile duct epithelial cells. The pathogenesis of biliary atresia remains poorly understood. Here, the authors report that maternal butyrate treatment alters the gut microbiome and glutamine/hypoxanthine metabolites similar to human subjects, and suppresses biliary atresia in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Junbae Jee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Yang
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Pranavkumar Shivakumar
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Pei-Pei Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Reena Mourya
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Unmesha Thanekar
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Pu Yu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, 710003, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Western China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongkang Pan
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, 710003, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430015, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xufei Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430015, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongqin Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518038, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518038, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Jin
- Department of Pediatric General Thoracic and Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Liu
- Department of Pediatric General Thoracic and Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 529000, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | | | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lin Fei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Nicholas J Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Shao-Tao Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jorge A Bezerra
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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14
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Burris ME, Caceres E, Chester EM, Hicks KA, McDade TW, Sikkink L, Spielvogel H, Thornburg J, Vitzthum VJ. Socioeconomic impacts on Andean adolescents’ growth. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:409-428. [PMID: 36090675 PMCID: PMC9454678 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives We evaluated potential socioeconomic contributors to variation in Andean adolescents’ growth between households within a peri-urban community undergoing rapid demographic and economic change, between different community types (rural, peri-urban, urban) and over time. Because growth monitoring is widely used for assessing community needs and progress, we compared the prevalences of stunting, underweight, and overweight estimated by three different growth references. Methods Anthropometrics of 101 El Alto, Bolivia, adolescents (Alteños), 11.0–14.9 years old in 2003, were compared between households (economic status assessed by parental occupations); to one urban and two rural samples collected in 1983/1998/1977, respectively; and to the WHO growth reference, a representative sample of Bolivian children (MESA), and a region-wide sample of high-altitude Peruvian children (Puno). Results Female Alteños’ growth was positively associated with household and maternal income indices. Alteños’ height averaged ∼0.8SD/∼0.6SD/∼2SDs greater than adolescents’ height in urban and rural communities measured in 1983/1998/1977, respectively. Overweight prevalence was comparable to the WHO, and lower than MESA and Puno, references. Stunting was 8.5/2.5/0.5 times WHO/MESA/Puno samples, respectively. Conclusions/Implications Both peri-urban conditions and temporal trends contributed to gains in Alteños’ growth. Rural out-migration can alleviate migrants’ poverty, partly because of more diverse economic options in urbanized communities, especially for women. Nonetheless, Alteños averaged below WHO and MESA height and weight medians. Evolved biological adaptations to environmental challenges, and the consequent variability in growth trajectories, favor using multiple growth references. Growth monitoring should be informed by community- and household-level studies to detect and understand local factors causing or alleviating health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mecca E Burris
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Emily M Chester
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kathryn A Hicks
- Department of Anthropology, University of Memphis , Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lynn Sikkink
- Department of Anthropology, Western Colorado University , Gunnison, CO 81231, USA
| | - Hilde Spielvogel
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA) , La Paz , Bolivia
| | - Jonathan Thornburg
- Department of Astronomy & Center for Spacetime Symmetries, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Virginia J Vitzthum
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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15
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Nandy D, Craig SJC, Cai J, Tian Y, Paul IM, Savage JS, Marini ME, Hohman EE, Reimherr ML, Patterson AD, Makova KD, Chiaromonte F. Metabolomic profiling of stool of two-year old children from the INSIGHT study reveals links between butyrate and child weight outcomes. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12833. [PMID: 34327846 PMCID: PMC8647636 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomic analysis is commonly used to understand the biological underpinning of diseases such as obesity. However, our knowledge of gut metabolites related to weight outcomes in young children is currently limited. OBJECTIVES To (1) explore the relationships between metabolites and child weight outcomes, (2) determine the potential effect of covariates (e.g., child's diet, maternal health/habits during pregnancy, etc.) in the relationship between metabolites and child weight outcomes, and (3) explore the relationship between selected gut metabolites and gut microbiota abundance. METHODS Using 1 H-NMR, we quantified 30 metabolites from stool samples of 170 two-year-old children. To identify metabolites and covariates associated with children's weight outcomes (BMI [weight/height2 ], BMI z-score [BMI adjusted for age and sex], and growth index [weight/height]), we analysed the 1 H-NMR data, along with 20 covariates recorded on children and mothers, using LASSO and best subset selection regression techniques. Previously characterized microbiota community information from the same stool samples was used to determine associations between selected gut metabolites and gut microbiota. RESULTS At age 2 years, stool butyrate concentration had a significant positive association with child BMI (p-value = 3.58 × 10-4 ), BMI z-score (p-value = 3.47 × 10-4 ), and growth index (p-value = 7.73 × 10-4 ). Covariates such as maternal smoking during pregnancy are important to consider. Butyrate concentration was positively associated with the abundance of the bacterial genus Faecalibacterium (p-value = 9.61 × 10-3 ). CONCLUSIONS Stool butyrate concentration is positively associated with increased child weight outcomes and should be investigated further as a factor affecting childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Nandy
- Department of StatisticsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Present address:
Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Sarah J. C. Craig
- Department of BiologyPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Center for Medical GenomicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Department of Molecular ToxicologyPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Present address:
Department of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGenentech Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Molecular ToxicologyPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Center for Medical GenomicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Department of PediatricsPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Department of Nutritional SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Center for Childhood Obesity ResearchPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Michele E. Marini
- Center for Childhood Obesity ResearchPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Emily E. Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity ResearchPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Matthew L. Reimherr
- Department of StatisticsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Center for Medical GenomicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Molecular ToxicologyPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Kateryna D. Makova
- Department of BiologyPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Center for Medical GenomicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Francesca Chiaromonte
- Department of StatisticsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Center for Medical GenomicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA,Institute of EconomicsEMbeDS, Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPisaItaly
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16
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Metabolomic Signatures for the Effects of Weight Loss Interventions on Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010027. [PMID: 35050149 PMCID: PMC8778282 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has increased worldwide, and many clinical and public interventions have attempted to reduce morbidity. We aimed to determine the metabolomic signatures associated with weight control interventions in children with obesity. Forty children from the “Intervention for Children and Adolescent Obesity via Activity and Nutrition (ICAAN)” cohort were selected according to intervention responses. Based on changes in body mass index z-scores, 20 were responders and the remaining non-responders. Their serum metabolites were quantitatively analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry at baseline and after 6 and 18 months of intervention. After 18 months of intervention, the metabolite cluster changes in the responders and non-responders showed a difference on the heatmap, but significant metabolites were not clear. However, regardless of the responses, 13 and 49 metabolites were significant in the group of children with obesity intervention at 6 months and 18 months post-intervention compared to baseline. In addition, the top five metabolic pathways (D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle); valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis) including several amino acids in the metabolites of obese children after 18 months were significantly changed. Our study showed significantly different metabolomic profiles based on time post obesity-related intervention. Through this study, we can better understand and predict childhood obesity through metabolite analysis and monitoring.
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17
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Lapidot Y, Reshef L, Cohen D, Muhsen K. Helicobacter pylori and the intestinal microbiome among healthy school-age children. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12854. [PMID: 34617641 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is acquired during childhood and causes chronic gastritis that remains asymptomatic in most infected people. H. pylori alters the gastric microbiota and causes peptic ulcer disease. Evidence on the relationship between asymptomatic H. pylori infection and children's gut microbiota remains elusive. AIM We characterized the relationship between H. pylori infection and the intestinal microbiome of healthy children, adjusting for known inter-personal and environmental exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included stool samples obtained from 163 Israeli Arab children aged 6-9 years from different socioeconomic strata. Sociodemographic information was collected through maternal interviews. H. pylori infection was determined using monoclonal antigen detection stool enzyme immunoassay. The gut microbiome was characterized by implementing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region and a multivariate downstream analysis. RESULTS Overall, 57% of the participants were positive for H. pylori infection and it was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status. There was no significant association between H. pylori infection and bacterial richness of fecal microbiome. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with intestinal bacterial composition, including a strong association with Prevotella copri and Eubacterium biforme. Moreover, socioeconomic status was strongly associated with bacterial composition. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection in healthy children was significantly associated with altered intestinal microbiome structure. Socioeconomic determinants exhibit a strong effect, related to both H. pylori infection and intestinal diversity and composition in childhood. These findings are clinically important to the understanding of the role of H. pylori infection and other intestinal microbes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Lapidot
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leah Reshef
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dani Cohen
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Roegner A, Orozco MN, Jarquin C, Boegel W, Secaira C, Caballeros ME, Al-Saleh L, Rejmánková E. Childhood parasitic infections and gastrointestinal illness in indigenous communities at Lake Atitlán, Guatemala. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12331. [PMID: 34820168 PMCID: PMC8605761 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Atitlán has experienced a decline in water quality resulting from cultural eutrophication. Indigenous Mayans who already face disproportionate health challenges rely directly on the lake water. Our objectives were to: (1) estimate prevalence of shedding of water-borne fecal parasites among children 5 years of age and younger, (2) assess household-reported incidence of gastrointestinal illness in children, and (3) characterize water sources, treatment, and sanitation conditions in households. We hypothesized that household use of untreated lake water results in increased risk of shedding of parasites and gastrointestinal symptoms. A cross-sectional fecal sampling and physical exam of 401 children were conducted along with WASH surveys in partnership with healthcare providers in seven communities. Fecal samples were screened for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, using a rapid ELISA, with a portion examined by microscope. The prevalence of parasite shedding was 12.2% (9.7% for Giardia; 2.5% for Cryptosporidium). Risk factors for Giardia shedding included age 3 years or older (3.4 odds ratio, z-stat = 2.781 p = 0.0054), low height-for-age z-score (2.3 odds ratio, z-stat = 2.225, p = 0.0216), lack of any household water treatment (2.5 odds ratio, z-stat = 2.492, p < 0.0012), and open access to household latrine (2.04 odds ratio, z-stat = 1.992, p = 0.0464). The majority (77.3%) of households reported water treatment, boiling and gravity fed filters as the most widespread practices. The vast majority of households (92%) reported usage of a latrine, while 40% reported open and shared access beyond their household. An overwhelming majority of households reported diarrhea and fever several times per year or greater, with approximately half reporting vomiting at that frequency. Lake water use was identified as a risk factor for households reporting frequent gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio of 2.5, 4.4, and 2.6; z-stat of 3.10, 3.65, and 3.0; p-values of 0.0021, 0.0003, and 0.0028, for diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, respectively) in children 5 years of age and younger. The frequency of gastrointestinal illness with a strong link to lake drinking water cannot be explained by the prevalence of protozoa, and risk from other enteropathogens must be explored. Improving access to water treatment and sanitation practices could substantially reduce the parasite burden faced by developing children in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Roegner
- Center For Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Mónica N Orozco
- Center for Atitlán Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Sololá, Sololá, Guatemala
| | - Claudia Jarquin
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | - Lujain Al-Saleh
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Eliška Rejmánková
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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19
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Piscotta FJ, Whitfield ST, Nakashige TG, Estrela AB, Ali T, Brady SF. Multiplexed functional metagenomic analysis of the infant microbiome identifies effectors of NF-κB, autophagy, and cellular redox state. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109746. [PMID: 34551287 PMCID: PMC8480279 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota plays a critical role in host health. Proper development of the infant microbiome is particularly important. Its dysbiosis leads to both short-term health issues and long-term disorders lasting into adulthood. A central way in which the microbiome interacts with the host is through the production of effector molecules, such as proteins and small molecules. Here, a metagenomic library constructed from 14 infant stool microbiomes is analyzed for the production of effectors that modulate three distinct host pathways: immune response (nuclear factor κB [NF-κB] activation), autophagy (LC3-B puncta formation), and redox potential (NADH:NAD ratio). We identify microbiome-encoded bioactive metabolites, including commendamide and hydrogen sulfide and their associated biosynthetic genes, as well as a previously uncharacterized autophagy-inducing operon from Klebsiella spp. This work extends our understanding of microbial effector molecules that are known to influence host pathways. Parallel functional screening of metagenomic libraries can be easily expanded to investigate additional host processes. Construction of a metagenomic library from stool of infants A multiplexed screen for bacterial effectors of host cellular processes Identification of microbiome-encoded effectors hydrogen sulfide and commendamide The products of a Klebsiella pneumoniae operon induce autophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Piscotta
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shawn T Whitfield
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Toshiki G Nakashige
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andreia B Estrela
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thahmina Ali
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sean F Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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20
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Vallianou N, Dalamaga M, Stratigou T, Karampela I, Tsigalou C. Do Antibiotics Cause Obesity Through Long-term Alterations in the Gut Microbiome? A Review of Current Evidence. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:244-262. [PMID: 33945146 PMCID: PMC8093917 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize current evidence on the association between antibiotics and the subsequent development of obesity through modulation of the gut microbiome. Particular emphasis is given on (i) animal and human studies and their limitations; (ii) the reservoir of antibiotics in animal feed, emerging antibiotic resistance, gut dysbiosis, and obesity; (iii) the role of infections, specifically viral infections, as a cause of obesity; and (iv) the potential therapeutic approaches other than antibiotics to modulate gut microbiome. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, the majority of animal studies and meta-analyses of human studies on the association between antibiotics and subsequent development of obesity are suggestive of a link between exposure to antibiotics, particularly early exposure in life, and the development of subsequent obesity as a result of alterations in the diversity of gut microbiota. The evidence is strong in animal models whereas evidence in humans is inconclusive requiring well-designed, long-term longitudinal studies to examine this association. Based on recent meta-analyses and epidemiologic studies in healthy children, factors, such as the administration of antibiotics during the first 6 months of life, repeated exposure to antibiotics for ≥ 3 courses, treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and male gender have been associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity. Early antibiotic exposure in animal models has shown that reductions in the population size of specific microbiota, such as Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Rikenellaceae, and Candidatus Arthromitus, are related to subsequent adiposity. These data suggest that the loss of diversity of the gut microbiome, especially early in life, may have potential long-term detrimental effects on the adult host gut microbiome and metabolic health. Genetic, environmental, and age-related factors influence the gut microbiome throughout the lifetime. More large-scale, longer-term, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether changes that occur in the microbiome after exposure to antibiotics, particularly early exposure, are causal of subsequent weight gain or consequent of weight gain in humans. Further well-designed, large-scale RCTs in humans are required to evaluate the effects of administration of antibiotics, particularly early administration, and the subsequent development of overweight/obesity. Therapeutic interventions, such as bacteriophage treatment or the use of probiotics, especially genetically engineered ones, need to be evaluated in terms of prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vallianou
- grid.414655.70000 0004 4670 4329Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- grid.414655.70000 0004 4670 4329Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- grid.12284.3d0000 0001 2170 8022Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 6th Km Alexandroupolis-Makri, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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21
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Baranowski T, Motil KJ. Simple Energy Balance or Microbiome for Childhood Obesity Prevention? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082730. [PMID: 34444890 PMCID: PMC8398395 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevention interventions generally have either not worked or had effects inadequate to mitigate the problem. They have been predicated on the simple energy balance model, which has been severely questioned by biological scientists. Numerous other etiological mechanisms have been proposed, including the intestinal microbiome, which has been related to childhood obesity in numerous ways. Public health research is needed in regard to diet and the microbiome, which hopefully will lead to effective child obesity prevention.
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22
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Nel Van Zyl K, Whitelaw AC, Hesseling AC, Seddon JA, Demers AM, Newton-Foot M. Association between clinical and environmental factors and the gut microbiota profiles in young South African children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15895. [PMID: 34354176 PMCID: PMC8342602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in the microbiota in populations over age and geographical locations complicate cross-study comparisons, and it is therefore essential to describe the baseline or control microbiota in each population. This includes the determination of the influence of demographic, clinical and environmental factors on the microbiota in a setting, and elucidates possible bias introduced by these factors, prior to further investigations. Little is known about the microbiota of children in South Africa after infancy. We provide a detailed description of the gut microbiota profiles of children from urban Cape Town and describe the influences of various clinical and environmental factors in different age groups during the first 5 years of life. Prevotella was the most common genus identified in the participants, and after infancy, the gut bacteria were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In this setting, children exposed to antibiotics and indoor cooking fires were at the most risk for dysbiosis, showing significant losses in gut bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Nel Van Zyl
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Andrew C Whitelaw
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- African Microbiome Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anneke C Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James A Seddon
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Demers
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mae Newton-Foot
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Lapidot Y, Reshef L, Goldsmith R, Na’amnih W, Kassem E, Ornoy A, Gophna U, Muhsen K. The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence. Nutrients 2021; 13:2645. [PMID: 34444813 PMCID: PMC8398108 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome continues to shift and develop throughout youth and could play a pivotal role in health and wellbeing throughout adulthood. Environmental and interpersonal determinants are strong mediators of the intestinal microbiome during the rapid growth period of preadolescence. We aim to delineate associations between the gut microbiome composition, body mass index (BMI), dietary intake and socioeconomic status (SES) in a cohort of ethnically homogenous preadolescents. This cohort included 139 Arab children aged 10-12 years, from varying socioeconomic strata. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition was associated with SES, showing an overrepresentation of Prevotella and Eubacterium in children with lower SES. Higher BMI was associated with lower microbial diversity and altered taxonomic composition, including higher levels of Collinsella, especially among participants from lower SES. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the strongest predictor of bacterial alterations, including an independent association with Lachnobacterium and Lactobacillus. This study demonstrates that the intestinal microbiome in preadolescents is associated with socioeconomic determinants, BMI and dietary intake, specifically with higher consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, tailored interventions during these crucial years have the potential to improve health disparities throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Lapidot
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (Y.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Leah Reshef
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (L.R.); (U.G.)
| | | | - Wasef Na’amnih
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (Y.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Eias Kassem
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel;
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel;
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (L.R.); (U.G.)
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (Y.L.); (W.N.)
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24
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Brame JE, Liddicoat C, Abbott CA, Breed MF. The potential of outdoor environments to supply beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria to humans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146063. [PMID: 33684759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate is an important mediator of human health and disease. The mechanisms of action of butyrate are becoming increasingly well-known. Many commensal bacteria that inhabit the human gut can synthesise butyrate, which is then absorbed into the human host. Simultaneously, several immune- and inflammatory-mediated diseases are being linked to insufficient exposure to beneficial microbes from our environment, including butyrate-producing bacteria. However, the role of outdoor environmental exposure to butyrate-producing bacteria remains poorly understood. Here we review the literature on the human exposure pathways to butyrate-producing bacteria, with a particular focus on outdoor environmental sources (e.g. associated with plants, plant-based residues, and soil), and the health implications of exposure to them. Emerging evidence suggests that environmental butyrate-producers may help supplement the human gut microbiota and represent an important component of the Biodiversity and Old Friends hypotheses. Improving our understanding of potential sources, precursors, and exposure pathways of environmental butyrate-producers that influence the gut microbiota and butyrate production offers promise to advance multiple disciplines of health and environmental science. We outline research priorities to address knowledge gaps in the outdoor environment-butyrate-health nexus and build knowledge of the potential pathways to help optimise exposure to human-beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria from the outdoor environment during childhood and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Brame
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Catherine A Abbott
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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25
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McKennan C, Naughton K, Stanhope C, Kattan M, O’Connor GT, Sandel MT, Visness CM, Wood RA, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Lovinsky-Desir S, Togias A, Gern JE, Nicolae D, Ober C. Longitudinal data reveal strong genetic and weak non-genetic components of ethnicity-dependent blood DNA methylation levels. Epigenetics 2021; 16:662-676. [PMID: 32997571 PMCID: PMC8143220 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1817290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic architecture is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but little is known about their relative contributions or longitudinal dynamics. Here, we studied DNA methylation (DNAm) at over 750,000 CpG sites in mononuclear blood cells collected at birth and age 7 from 196 children of primarily self-reported Black and Hispanic ethnicities to study race-associated DNAm patterns. We developed a novel Bayesian method for high-dimensional longitudinal data and showed that race-associated DNAm patterns at birth and age 7 are nearly identical. Additionally, we estimated that up to 51% of all self-reported race-associated CpGs had race-dependent DNAm levels that were mediated through local genotype and, quite surprisingly, found that genetic factors explained an overwhelming majority of the variation in DNAm levels at other, previously identified, environmentally-associated CpGs. These results indicate that race-associated blood DNAm patterns in particular, and blood DNAm levels in general, are primarily driven by genetic factors, and are not as sensitive to environmental exposures as previously suggested, at least during the first 7 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McKennan
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - George T. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan T. Sandel
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James E. Gern
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Ser HL, Letchumanan V, Goh BH, Wong SH, Lee LH. The Use of Fecal Microbiome Transplant in Treating Human Diseases: Too Early for Poop? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:519836. [PMID: 34054740 PMCID: PMC8155486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.519836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) has gained popularity over the past few years, given its success in treating several gastrointestinal diseases. At the same time, microbial populations in the gut have been shown to have more physiological effects than we expected as "habitants" of the gut. The imbalance in the gut microbiome or dysbiosis, particularly when there are excessive harmful pathogens, can trigger not just infections but can also result in the development of common diseases, such as cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. By using FMT technology, the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in patients can be resolved by administering fecal materials from a healthy donor. The current review summarizes the history and current uses of FMT before suggesting potential ideas for its high-quality application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Leng Ser
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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27
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Ailioaie LM, Litscher G. Probiotics, Photobiomodulation, and Disease Management: Controversies and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094942. [PMID: 34066560 PMCID: PMC8124384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, researchers around the world have been studying intensively how micro-organisms that are present inside living organisms could affect the main processes of life, namely health and pathological conditions of mind or body. They discovered a relationship between the whole microbial colonization and the initiation and development of different medical disorders. Besides already known probiotics, novel products such as postbiotics and paraprobiotics have been developed in recent years to create new non-viable micro-organisms or bacterial-free extracts, which can provide benefits to the host with additional bioactivity to probiotics, but without the risk of side effects. The best alternatives in the use of probiotics and postbiotics to maintain the health of the intestinal microbiota and to prevent the attachment of pathogens to children and adults are highlighted and discussed as controversies and challenges. Updated knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the balance between microbiota and immune system for the introspection on the gut-lung-brain axis could reveal the latest benefits and perspectives of applied photobiomics for health. Multiple interconditioning between photobiomodulation (PBM), probiotics, and the human microbiota, their effects on the human body, and their implications for the management of viral infectious diseases is essential. Coupled complex PBM and probiotic interventions can control the microbiome, improve the activity of the immune system, and save the lives of people with immune imbalances. There is an urgent need to seek and develop innovative treatments to successfully interact with the microbiota and the human immune system in the coronavirus crisis. In the near future, photobiomics and metabolomics should be applied innovatively in the SARS-CoV-2 crisis (to study and design new therapies for COVID-19 immediately), to discover how bacteria can help us through adequate energy biostimulation to combat this pandemic, so that we can find the key to the hidden code of communication between RNA viruses, bacteria, and our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Ultramedical & Laser Clinic, 83 Arcu Street, 700135 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
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28
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Haddad EN, Sugino KY, Kerver JM, Paneth N, Comstock SS. The infant gut microbiota at 12 months of age is associated with human milk exposure but not with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index or infant BMI-for-age z-scores. Curr Res Physiol 2021; 4:94-102. [PMID: 34136830 PMCID: PMC8205433 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As obesity rates continue to rise, it is increasingly important to understand factors that can influence body weight and growth, especially from an early age. The infant gut microbiota has broad effects on a variety of bodily processes, but its relation to infant growth is not yet fully characterized. Since the infant gut microbiota is closely related to breastfeeding practices and maternal health, understanding the relationship between these factors and infant growth may provide insight into the origins of childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES Identify the relationship between human milk exposure, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), the infant gut microbiota, and 12-month-old BMI-for-age z-scores (12M BAZ) to identify key factors that shape infant growth. METHODS Two Michigan cohorts (ARCHGUT and BABYGUT) comprised of a total of 33 mother-infant dyads provided infant fecal samples at 12M. After DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the V4 16S rRNA region using Illumina MiSeq v2 Chemistry, gut bacterial diversity metrics were analyzed in relation to human milk exposure, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and infant growth parameters. RESULTS Recent human milk exposure was inversely related to maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and most strongly associated with infant gut bacterial community membership and individual gut microbiota richness differences. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was not associated with the infant gut microbiota after adjusting for human milk exposure. However, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was the only factor significantly associated with 12M BAZ. CONCLUSIONS Human milk exposure is one of the central influences on the infant gut microbiota at 12M of age. However, the lack of association between the infant gut microbiota and 12M-old infant BAZ suggests that genetic, physiological, dietary, and other environmental factors may play a more direct role than the gut microbiota in determining infant BAZ at 12M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot N. Haddad
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kameron Y. Sugino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jean M. Kerver
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nigel Paneth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Fragkou PC, Karaviti D, Zemlin M, Skevaki C. Impact of Early Life Nutrition on Children's Immune System and Noncommunicable Diseases Through Its Effects on the Bacterial Microbiome, Virome and Mycobiome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644269. [PMID: 33815397 PMCID: PMC8012492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first 1000 days of life, including the intrauterine period, are regarded as a fundamental stepping stone for the development of a human. Unequivocally, nutrition during this period plays a key role on the proper development of a child, both directly through the intake of essential nutrients and indirectly by affecting the composition of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists and other microorganisms, is a highly modifiable and adaptive system that is influenced by diet, lifestyle, medicinal products and the environment. Reversely, it affects the immune system in multiple complex ways. Many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) associated with dysbiosis are “programmed” during childhood. Nutrition is a potent determinant of the children’s microbiota composition and maturation and, therefore, a strong determinant of the NCDs’ programming. In this review we explore the interplay between nutrition during the first 1000 days of life, the gut microbiota, virome and mycobiome composition and the development of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi C Fragkou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dareilena Karaviti
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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Avoka JA, Dun-Dery EJ, Seidu I, Abou ANE, Twene P, Tandoh IO, Dun-Dery F. Time series analysis of the relationship between diarrhea in children and Rota 2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the eastern region of Ghana. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33607970 PMCID: PMC7893935 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is considered the main causal factor of severe gastroenteritis among infants and children globally. The association with severe rotavirus infection is mostly worse among the least developed countries, mainly due to inadequate access to medical care and poverty. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal effects in respect of diarrhea cases in children, the association between diarrhea cases and Rota2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. METHODS The study compares monthly diarrhea cases against children vaccinated with Rota2 extracted from DHIMS2 spanning May 2012 to December 2017 in Fanteakwa District. A univariate association between diarrhea cases and children vaccinated with Rota 2 was conducted using the R-software version 3.4.4 with the use of forecast, tseries and TSAPred. Pearson Correlation coefficient was also computed between monthly diarrhea cases and Rota 2 as well as lagged values of Rota 2 and Diarrhea cases. RESULTS The study shows that February recorded the highest average number of diarrhea cases (172) over the period 2012 to 2017 with a standard deviation of 59. However, a one-way analysis of variance shows a significant difference amongst the monthly averages with an F-statistic of 0.042 and P-value of 0.064. It is observed that the correlations between each of the Rota2 doses and the lagged cases are positive, showing higher Rota2 doses a month ago ((Xt - 1),0.346 to 0.735), two months ago ((Xt - 2),0.383 to 0.746), three months ago ((Xt - 3), 0.330 to 0.737) and four months ago ((Xt - 4), 0.236 to 0.723) are associated with lower diarrhea cases. The results also show that an increase in the previous two month's Rota2 figures by 100 is associated with a significant decrease in the currently expected diarrhea cases by approximately 36. CONCLUSION Seasonal variations exist in the occurrence of diarrhea in children, with January recording the highest number of diarrhea cases (172). There is a relationship between episodes of diarrhea in children and Rota2 (p-value = 0.064); thus, the more children are vaccinated with Rota2, the less diarrhea cases are recorded. Diarrhea cases in Fanteakwa district are generally low, except 2013 and 2016 where the cases are higher than the rest of the other years.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Atampiiga Avoka
- Ghana Health Service, Birim Central Municipal Health Directorate, Box 429, Akim Oda, Ghana
| | - Elvis J. Dun-Dery
- Department of Population and Health Research, Research Web Africa, Box 233, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Issah Seidu
- Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 115, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- Institutional Public Health Unit, Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana
- Fanteakwa North District Health Directorate, Box 60, Begoro, Eastern Region Ghana
- Eastern Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Eastern Region Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Armel N. E. Abou
- Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 115, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- Institutional Public Health Unit, Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana
- Fanteakwa North District Health Directorate, Box 60, Begoro, Eastern Region Ghana
- Eastern Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Eastern Region Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Paul Twene
- Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 115, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- Institutional Public Health Unit, Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana
- Fanteakwa North District Health Directorate, Box 60, Begoro, Eastern Region Ghana
- Eastern Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Eastern Region Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Isaac Obeng Tandoh
- Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 115, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- Institutional Public Health Unit, Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana
- Fanteakwa North District Health Directorate, Box 60, Begoro, Eastern Region Ghana
- Eastern Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Eastern Region Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Frederick Dun-Dery
- Disease Control in Disadvantaged Populations, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee LH, Wong SH, Chin SF, Singh V, Ab Mutalib NS. Editorial: Human Microbiome: Symbiosis to Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:605783. [PMID: 33679632 PMCID: PMC7928290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.605783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Siok-Fong Chin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Grech A, Collins CE, Holmes A, Lal R, Duncanson K, Taylor R, Gordon A. Maternal exposures and the infant gut microbiome: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-30. [PMID: 33978558 PMCID: PMC8276657 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life, including the establishment of the intestinal microbiome, represents a critical window of growth and development. Postnatal factors affecting the microbiome, including mode of delivery, feeding type, and antibiotic exposure have been widely investigated, but questions remain regarding the influence of exposures in utero on infant gut microbiome assembly. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on exposures before birth, which affect the early intestinal microbiome. Five databases were searched in August 2019 for studies exploring pre-pregnancy or pregnancy 'exposure' data in relation to the infant microbiome. Of 1,441 publications identified, 76 were included. Factors reported influencing microbiome composition and diversity included maternal antibiotic and probiotic uses, dietary intake, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), diabetes, mood, and others. Eleven studies contributed to three meta-analyses quantifying associations between maternal intrapartum antibiotic exposure (IAP), BMI and GWG, and infant microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon Index). IAP, maternal overweight/obesity and excessive GWG were all associated with reduced diversity. Most studies were observational, few included early recruitment or longitudinal follow-up, and the timing, frequency, and methodologies related to stool sampling and analysis were variable. Standardization and collaboration are imperative to enhance understanding in this complex and rapidly evolving area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Grech
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales(NSW), Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravin Lal
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales(NSW), Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerith Duncanson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales(NSW), Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Delivery mode and altered infant growth at 1 year of life in India. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1251-1257. [PMID: 33654288 PMCID: PMC8671090 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cesarean section (C-section) delivered infants are more likely to be colonized by opportunistic pathogens, resulting in altered growth. We examined whether C-section (elective/emergency) vs vaginal delivery was associated with altered weight and linear growth at 1 year of life. METHODS A total of 638 mother-infant pairs were included from MAASTHI cohort 2016-2019. Information on delivery mode was obtained from medical records. Based on WHO child growth standards, body mass index-forage z-score (BMI z) and length-for-age z-score (length z) were derived. We ran multivariable linear and Poisson regression models before and after multiple imputation. RESULTS The rate of C-section was 43.4% (26.5%: emergency, 16.9%: elective). Percentage of infant overweight was 14.9%. Compared to vaginal delivery, elective C-section was associated with β = 0.57 (95% CI 0.20, 0.95) higher BMI z. Also infants born by elective C-section had RR = 2.44 (95% CI 1.35, 4.41) higher risk of being overweight; no such association was found for emergency C-section. Also, elective C-section delivery was associated with reduced linear growth at 1 year after multiple imputation (β = -0.38, 95% CI -0.76, -0.01). CONCLUSIONS Elective C-section delivery might contribute to excess weight and also possibly reduced linear growth at 1 year of age in children from low- and middle-income countries. IMPACT Our study, in a low-income setting, suggests that elective, but not emergency, C-section is associated with excess infant BMI z at 1 year of age and elective C (C-section) was also associated with altered linear growth but only in multiple imputation analyses. Elective C-section was associated with a higher risk of being overweight at 1 year of age. Our results indicate that decreasing medically unnecessary elective C-section deliveries may help limit excess weight gain and stunted linear growth among infants.
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Hopson LM, Singleton SS, David JA, Basuchoudhary A, Prast-Nielsen S, Klein P, Sen S, Mazumder R. Bioinformatics and machine learning in gastrointestinal microbiome research and clinical application. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 176:141-178. [PMID: 33814114 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community currently defines the human microbiome as all the bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and eukaryotes that occupy the human body. When considering the variable locations, composition, diversity, and abundance of our microbial symbionts, the sheer volume of microorganisms reaches hundreds of trillions. With the onset of next generation sequencing (NGS), also known as high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies, the barriers to studying the human microbiome lowered significantly, making in-depth microbiome research accessible. Certain locations on the human body, such as the gastrointestinal, oral, nasal, and skin microbiomes have been heavily studied through community-focused projects like the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). In particular, the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) has received significant attention due to links to neurological, immunological, and metabolic diseases, as well as cancer. Though HTS technologies allow deeper exploration of the GM, data informing the functional characteristics of microbiota and resulting effects on human function or disease are still sparse. This void is compounded by microbiome variability observed among humans through factors like genetics, environment, diet, metabolic activity, and even exercise; making GM research inherently difficult to study. This chapter describes an interdisciplinary approach to GM research with the goal of mitigating the hindrances of translating findings into a clinical setting. By applying tools and knowledge from microbiology, metagenomics, bioinformatics, machine learning, predictive modeling, and clinical study data from children with treatment-resistant epilepsy, we describe a proof-of-concept approach to clinical translation and precision application of GM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Hopson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; The McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; The McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stephanie S Singleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - John A David
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, United States
| | - Atin Basuchoudhary
- Department of Economics and Business, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, United States
| | - Stefanie Prast-Nielsen
- Center for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Klein
- Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Raja Mazumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; The McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
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Shah RD, Tang ZZ, Chen G, Huang S, Ferguson JF. Soy food intake associates with changes in the metabolome and reduced blood pressure in a gut microbiota dependent manner. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1500-1511. [PMID: 32620337 PMCID: PMC7483644 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consumption of soy foods has been associated with protection against cardiometabolic disease, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that habitual soy food consumption associates with gut microbiome composition, metabolite production, and the interaction between diet, microbiota and metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed dietary soy intake, plasma and stool metabolites, and gut microbiome data from two independent cross-sectional samples of healthy US individuals (N = 75 lean or overweight, and N = 29 obese). Habitual soy intake associated with several circulating metabolites. There was a significant interaction between soy intake and gut microbiome composition, as defined by gut enterotype, on metabolites in plasma and stool. Soy consumption associated with reduced systolic blood pressure, but only in a subset of individuals defined by their gut microbiome enterotype, suggesting that responsiveness to soy may be dependent on microbiome composition. Soy intake was associated with differences in specific microbial taxa, including two taxa mapping to genus Dialister and Prevotella which appeared to be suppressed by high soy intake We identified context-dependent effects of these taxa, where presence of Prevotella was associated with higher blood pressure and a worse cardiometabolic profile, but only in the absence of Dialister. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome is an important intermediate in the interplay between dietary soy intake and systemic metabolism. Consumption of soy foods may shape the microbiome by suppressing specific taxa, and may protect against hypertension only in individuals with soy-responsive microbiota. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NCT02010359 at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana D Shah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zheng-Zheng Tang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Jiang X, Zheng J, Zhang S, Wang B, Wu C, Guo X. Advances in the Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Pathophysiology of NAFLD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:361. [PMID: 32850884 PMCID: PMC7403443 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis and progresses to non-steatohepatitis (NASH) when the liver displays overt inflammatory damage. Increasing evidence has implicated critical roles for dysbiosis and microbiota-host interactions in NAFLD pathophysiology. In particular, microbiota alter intestine absorption of nutrients and intestine permeability, whose dysregulation enhances the delivery of nutrients, endotoxin, and microbiota metabolites to the liver and exacerbates hepatic fat deposition and inflammation. While how altered composition of gut microbiota attributes to NAFLD remains to be elucidated, microbiota metabolites are shown to be involved in the regulation of hepatocyte fat metabolism and liver inflammatory responses. In addition, intestinal microbes and circadian coordinately adjust metabolic regulation in different stages of life. During aging, altered composition of gut microbiota, along with circadian clock dysregulation, appears to contribute to increased incidence and/or severity of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hoffman KW, Lee JJ, Corcoran CM, Kimhy D, Kranz TM, Malaspina D. Considering the Microbiome in Stress-Related and Neurodevelopmental Trajectories to Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:629. [PMID: 32719625 PMCID: PMC7350783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity and prenatal stress are consistently associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia, although the exact pathogenic mechanisms linking the exposures with the disease remain elusive. Our previous view of the HPA stress axis as an elegant but simple negative feedback loop, orchestrating adaptation to stressors among the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands, needs to be updated. Research in the last two decades shows that important bidirectional signaling between the HPA axis and intestinal mucosa modulates brain function and neurochemistry, including effects on glucocorticoid hormones and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The intestinal microbiome in earliest life, which is seeded by the vaginal microbiome during delivery, programs the development of the HPA axis in a critical developmental window, determining stress sensitivity and HPA function as well as immune system development. The crosstalk between the HPA and the Microbiome Gut Brain Axis (MGBA) is particularly high in the hippocampus, the most consistently disrupted neural region in persons with schizophrenia. Animal models suggest that the MGBA remains influential on behavior and physiology across developmental stages, including the perinatal window, early childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Understanding the role of the microbiome on critical risk related stressors may enhance or transform of understanding of the origins of schizophrenia and offer new approaches to increase resilience against stress effects for preventing and treating schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jakleen J. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl M. Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), New York, NY, United States
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), New York, NY, United States
| | - Thorsten M. Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez-González MÁ, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:305-320. [PMID: 32235875 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The specific metabolic contribution of consuming different energy-yielding macronutrients (namely, carbohydrates, protein and lipids) to obesity is a matter of active debate. In this Review, we summarize the current research concerning associations between the intake of different macronutrients and weight gain and adiposity. We discuss insights into possible differential mechanistic pathways where macronutrients might act on either appetite or adipogenesis to cause weight gain. We also explore the role of dietary macronutrient distribution on thermogenesis or energy expenditure for weight loss and maintenance. On the basis of the data discussed, we describe a novel way to manage excessive body weight; namely, prescribing personalized diets with different macronutrient compositions according to the individual's genotype and/or enterotype. In this context, the interplay of macronutrient consumption with obesity incidence involves mechanisms that affect appetite, thermogenesis and metabolism, and the outcomes of these mechanisms are altered by an individual's genotype and microbiota. Indeed, the interactions of the genetic make-up and/or microbiota features of a person with specific macronutrient intakes or dietary pattern consumption help to explain individualized responses to macronutrients and food patterns, which might represent key factors for comprehensive precision nutrition recommendations and personalized obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain.
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José María Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, Campus of International Excellence, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Nadeem S, Maurya SK, Das DK, Khan N, Agrewala JN. Gut Dysbiosis Thwarts the Efficacy of Vaccine Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:726. [PMID: 32508806 PMCID: PMC7248201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of enduring protective immunity by vaccines is of utmost importance. Intriguingly, there is considerable variation in the efficacy of vaccines amongst individuals. Various studies have shown that normal flora of gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in maintaining host homeostasis and immunity. Since gut microbiome is also extremely variable between individuals, we speculate that it might impact individual’s response to vaccines. Consequently, we administered broad spectrum antibiotics cocktail to induce gut dysbiosis and monitored its impact on the generation of long-lasting memory T cells and thereby BCG vaccine efficacy. Interestingly, gut dysbiosis significantly decreased the activation of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Further, there was decline in the frequency of memory CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in lungs and secondary lymphoid organs of the vaccinated animals. Moreover, it dampened the IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion and proliferation of Mtb-specific T cells. Most importantly, dysbiosis hampered Mtb clearance in vaccinated animals, as evidenced by increase in the colony forming units (CFUs) in lungs and spleen. Our findings indicate that gut dysbiosis can be one of the major factors responsible for variable efficacy of TB vaccines across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Nargis Khan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, India
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Dreisbach C, Prescott S, Alhusen J. Influence of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain on Maternal and Child Gastrointestinal Microbiome Composition: A Systematic Review. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22:114-125. [PMID: 31597472 PMCID: PMC7140212 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419880615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is a well-known risk factor for significant obstetric and neonatal complications. The influence of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the setting of maternal obesity during pregnancy is less understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the literature on the relationships between maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and the composition of maternal and child gastrointestinal microbiomes. METHOD We searched CINHAL, OVID Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed for relevant literature using medical subject heading terms related to obesity, pregnancy, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. We assessed 249 articles for potential inclusion using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses framework and deemed 11 articles as relevant for this review. RESULTS Maternal obesity was associated with significant microbial changes in both maternal and infant fecal microbiome biospecimens including increases in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and the Actinobacteria phyla and decreases in Bifidobacteria. However, inconsistencies in uniform taxonomic results across all studies mean that evidence of specific microbial associations with obesity and EGWG is inconclusive. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both maternal and child gastrointestinal microbiome composition is altered in the setting of maternal obesity and EGWG during pregnancy. Future microbiome studies should concentrate on the investigation of metagenomic sequencing to elucidate microbial function rather than solely taxonomic composition. More diverse populations of mothers should be sampled to address health disparities and adverse outcomes of underrepresented populations. Finally, analytic pipelines should be standardized across studies to aid in reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Dreisbach
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,
USA
| | - Stephanie Prescott
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
USA
| | - Jeanne Alhusen
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Friques AG, Santos FD, Angeli DB, Silva FAC, Dias AT, Aires R, Leal MA, Nogueira BV, Amorim FG, Campagnaro BP, Pereira TMC, Campos-Toimil M, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC. Bisphenol A contamination in infant rats: molecular, structural, and physiological cardiovascular changes and the protective role of kefir. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 75:108254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tang ZZ, Chen G, Hong Q, Huang S, Smith HM, Shah RD, Scholz M, Ferguson JF. Multi-Omic Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome in Healthy Subjects Reveals Microbiome-Dependent Relationships Between Diet and Metabolites. Front Genet 2019; 10:454. [PMID: 31164901 PMCID: PMC6534069 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has been associated with health status, and risk of disease development. While the etiology of microbiome-mediated disease remains to be fully elucidated, one mechanism may be through microbial metabolism. Metabolites produced by commensal organisms, including in response to host diet, may affect host metabolic processes, with potentially protective or pathogenic consequences. We conducted multi-omic phenotyping of healthy subjects (N = 136), in order to investigate the interaction between diet, the microbiome, and the metabolome in a cross-sectional sample. We analyzed the nutrient composition of self-reported diet (3-day food records and food frequency questionnaires). We profiled the gut and oral microbiome (16S rRNA) from stool and saliva, and applied metabolomic profiling to plasma and stool samples in a subset of individuals (N = 75). We analyzed these multi-omic data to investigate the relationship between diet, the microbiome, and the gut and circulating metabolome. On a global level, we observed significant relationships, particularly between long-term diet, the gut microbiome and the metabolome. Intake of plant-derived nutrients as well as consumption of artificial sweeteners were associated with significant differences in circulating metabolites, particularly bile acids, which were dependent on gut enterotype, indicating that microbiome composition mediates the effect of diet on host physiology. Our analysis identifies dietary compounds and phytochemicals that may modulate bacterial abundance within the gut and interact with microbiome composition to alter host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Tang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qilin Hong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Holly M. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rachana D. Shah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Scholz
- Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics (VANTAGE), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Abstract
Higher organisms are all born with general immunity as well as with, increasingly, more specific immune systems. All immune mechanisms function with the intent of aiding the body in defense against infection. Internal and external factors alike have varying effects on the immune system, and the immune response is tailored specifically to each one. Accompanying the components of the human innate and adaptive immune systems are the other intermingling systems of the human body. Increasing understanding of the body's immune interactions with other systems has opened new avenues of study, including that of the microbiome. The microbiome has become a highly active area of research over the last 10 to 20 years since the NIH began funding the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), which was established in 2007. Several publications have focused on the characterization, functions, and complex interplay of the microbiome as it relates to the rest of the body. A dysfunction between the microbiome and the host has been linked to various diseases including cancers, metabolic deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Further understanding of the microbiome and its interaction with the host in relation to diseases is needed in order to understand the implications of microbiome dysfunction and the possible use of microbiota in the prevention of disease. In this review, we have summarized information on the immune system, the microbiome, the microbiome's interplay with other systems, and the association of the immune system and the microbiome in diseases such as diabetes and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohail Siraj
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Krishna Patel
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Umesh T. Sankpal
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Stephen Mathew
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
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