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Albanese AM, Geller PA, Steinkamp JM, Elwy AR, Frank HE, Barkin JL. The education of experience: Mixed methods evidence demonstrates the benefit of multiparity. Midwifery 2024; 134:104015. [PMID: 38688050 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM Existing quantitative data is conflicting concerning whether multiparous birthing parents (individuals with an older child(ren)) experience an easier postpartum transition compared to primiparous birthing parents (first time parents). AIM This convergent mixed methods study leverages the depth of qualitative inquiry to seek a clearer understanding of the way in which acquired parenting experience contributes to observed quantitative differences in outcomes between parity groups. This work can serve as a first step in planning for supportive interventions that effectively address the postpartum needs of both parity groups. METHODS Thirty birthing parents (43.3% multiparous; 46.7% racial minorities) completed measures of postpartum functioning, perceived stress, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms as well as an interview inquiring about factors impacting postpartum functioning. Scores on postpartum functioning and emotional wellbeing were compared between parity groups, and these findings were merged with the qualitative data on firsthand parenting experience to clarify how acquired experience impacts functioning and emotional wellbeing during the postpartum transition. FINDINGS Primiparous parents reported significantly: worse postpartum functioning, higher perceived stress, higher levels of depression symptoms, and higher levels of anxiety symptoms. Participants' qualitative report of how acquired parenting experience impacts wellbeing suggests that experience grants parents skills, knowledge, and the opportunity to disconfirm maladaptive cognitions about parenting which allows for increased comfort and confidence in the parental role. CONCLUSIONS The practical and psychological resources gained from acquiring parenting experience during one's first postpartum period appear to be brought forward into subsequent pregnancies and protect against threats to functioning and emotional wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M Albanese
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Pamela A Geller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - A Rani Elwy
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hannah E Frank
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Barkin
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
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Gao TY, Huang FH, Liu T, Sum RKW, De Liu J, Tang D, Cai DY, Jiang ZK, Ma RS. The role of physical literacy and mindfulness on health-related quality of life among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38167897 PMCID: PMC10761947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the role played by the physical literacy and mindfulness in the health-related quality of life (QoL) of college students. In early 2022, 24,236 college students from three universities in southern China were recruited in the study. R software and the lavvan package was utilized to build the structural equation model. The measurement model was composed of three latent factors (physical literacy, mindfulness, and quality of life) and 16 observed variables in total. The results of the measurement model indicated goodness fit with p > .05 in Chi-square result, and GFI = .92. In addition, the comparative fit index (.92), Tucker-Lewis index (.91), root-mean-square error of approximation (.07), and root of mean square residual (.11) were in accord with the cutoff model-fit criteria. The results confirm that physical literacy and mindfulness can play a significant and positive role in the structural equation model of quality of life. In addition, this study provides initial evidence that mindfulness and physical literacy could potentially buffer declines in student QoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, this study is the first to develop a structural equation model of QoL with multiple indicators, making it a strong addition to existing research on QoL during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Fu Hua Huang
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raymond Kim Wai Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin De Liu
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ding Yi Cai
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi Kang Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Si Ma
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chagnon O, Tanaka A, Williams PL, James-Todd T, Ford JB, Souter I, Rexrode KM, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Preconception Stress and Pregnancy Serum Glucose Levels Among Women Attending a Fertility Center. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad152. [PMID: 38178907 PMCID: PMC10766068 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Context The association between women's stress and pregnancy glucose levels remain unclear, specifically when considering the preconception period as a sensitive window of exposure. Objective We investigated whether preconception perceived stress was associated with glucose levels during pregnancy among women attending a fertility center (2004-2019). Methods Before conception, women completed a psychological stress survey using the short version of the validated Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4), and blood glucose was measured using a 50-gram glucose load test during late pregnancy as a part of screening for gestational diabetes. Linear and log-binomial regression models were used to assess associations of total PSS-4 scores with mean glucose levels and abnormal glucose levels ( ≥ 140 mg/dL), adjusting for age, body mass index, race, smoking, education, physical activity, primary infertility diagnosis, number of babies, and mode of conception. Results Psychological stress was positively associated with mean abnormal glucose levels. The adjusted marginal means (95% CI) of mean glucose levels for women in the first, second, and third tertiles of psychological stress were 115 (110, 119), 119 (115, 123), and 124 (119, 128), and mg/dL, respectively (P for trend = .007). Also, women in the second and third tertiles of psychological stress had 4% and 13% higher probabilities of having abnormal glucose compared with women in the first tertile of psychological stress (P trend = .01). Conclusion These results highlight the importance of considering preconception when evaluating the relationship between women's stress and pregnancy glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston 02115, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Chagnon
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Aya Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Irene Souter
- Division of Reproductive Medicine and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Kelada L, Schiff M, Gilbar O, Pat-Horenczyk R, Benbenishty R. University students' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural equation model of the role of resource loss and gain. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:3012-3028. [PMID: 37459279 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Using the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we aimed to determine whether university students' loss and gain in resources during the pandemic mediated the relationships between COVID-19 exposure/concern and depression and anxiety. In 2021, 7013 Israeli university students completed online questionnaires. We assessed the data using structural equation modeling. We found that resource loss was directly related to concern (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Depression and anxiety were both directly related to loss of resources (depression: β = 0.75, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.69, p < 0.001) and concern (depression: β = 0.06, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.12, p < 0.001). Resource loss had an indirect effect on the relationships between concern and depression (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and concern and anxiety (β = 0.22, p < 0.001). COR theory may help explain the mechanisms behind university students' mental health during the pandemic and provides a framework to better understand preparedness for future pandemics, epidemics, and major disasters. Governments and universities should help prevent the loss of resources during future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kelada
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Miriam Schiff
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad Gilbar
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Pat-Horenczyk
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami Benbenishty
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Universidad Andres Bellow, Santiago, Chile
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Hittle BM, Wardlaw C, Lambert J, Bankston K. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Social Work Environment and Black Registered Nurses' Sleep. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01717-z. [PMID: 37450253 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace experiences may place Black nurses at higher risk for poor sleep and adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to identify poor sleep prevalence and associations of workplace discrimination and workplace social capital with sleep. METHODOLOGY Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression with exploratory analyses were conducted of cross sectional survey data from US Black nurses. RESULTS On average, 63 respondents reported sleeping 6.15 h, 45 min less daily than 6.9 h reported nationally for nurses. Ninety-percent of respondents reported poor sleep quality. While no direct significance was found, respondents reporting sleep quality changes had lower workplace social capital and higher workplace discrimination. CONCLUSION Black nurses may have higher prevalence of poor sleep than the larger nursing workforce. A potential relationship between decreased sleep quality and negative perceptions of the work environment may exist. Organizations should examine sleep and potential occupational health inequities among Black nurses when considering worker health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly M Hittle
- University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, 3110 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
| | - Cassie Wardlaw
- University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, 3110 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Psychiatry, 3333 Burnett Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Joshua Lambert
- University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, 3110 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Karen Bankston
- University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, 3110 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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Nosek S. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on college students with marginalized identities. EQUITY IN EDUCATION & SOCIETY 2023; 2:78-93. [PMID: 38742119 PMCID: PMC11090628 DOI: 10.1177/27526461221149035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study sought to examine whether college students with marginalized identities have been disparately impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic with regard to perceived stress, social isolation, and pandemic-related concern, and whether this relationship was moderated by self-reported experiences of prejudice and/or discrimination. Nine hundred eighty three college students from 38 of the United States completed an online survey. Results showed that college students who were born after 1997 (i.e., Generation Z), sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and/or black, indigenous and/or people of color (BIPoC) reported more experiences of prejudice and discrimination than their peers as well as higher levels of perceived stress, social isolation, and pandemic-related concern. Furthermore, BIPoC students who also experienced prejudice and/or discrimination reported higher levels of pandemic-related concern than White students. Implications of these findings are discussed, including the need to support college students with marginalized identities as they cope with the short-term and long-term psychosocial impact of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nosek
- Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT, USA
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Gomez IN, Suarez CG, Sosa KE, Tapang ML. Work from home-related musculoskeletal pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2023; 47:100654. [PMID: 36514321 PMCID: PMC9731643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective This rapid review explores the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms associated with work from home conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a rapid review across three databases (i.e., PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL) for observational studies that report on the musculoskeletal functions among individuals placed in a work from home setup due to the COVID-19 pandemic, published between December 2019-August 2021. Two independent review authors searched, appraised, and extracted data from the articles included in the final review. A descriptive approach was used to synthesize the narrative evidence. Results Forty-four articles were initially identified. A total of six (n = 6) studies met the full inclusion criteria and were included. Among them, there were five cross-sectional studies and one case-control study. The highest prevalence reported were neck pain (20.3-76.9%), low back pain (19.5-74.1%), and shoulder pain (3.0-72.9%). The most common instrument used was the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. One of the common professions that report musculoskeletal pain symptoms associated with work from home conditions were individuals working in the academic sector. Conclusion The increased prevalence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms associated with work from home conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic is a concern that should be addressed to prevent negative neuromusculoskeletal outcomes. Systematic review registration This review is in the Open Science Framework registry (osf.io/vxs4w) and the PROSPERO database (CRD42021266097). Implications for practice •A system in the workplace should be developed for the early detection of musculoskeletal pain.•Apart from standard occupational safety and proper ergonomic, sustainable policies and programs that address the mental health issues of employees should also be addressed.•Programs addressing musculoskeletal pain should be available online for employees to address accessibility and ubiquity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Neil Gomez
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines,Center for Health Research and Movement Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines,Corresponding author. Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Consuelo G. Suarez
- Research Center for Health Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ken Erbvin Sosa
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Lourdes Tapang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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Mavragani A, Woodworth A, Mehrabadi MA. The Relationship Between Exercise Habits and Stress Among Individuals With Access to Internet-Connected Home Fitness Equipment: Single-Group Prospective Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e41877. [PMID: 36719817 PMCID: PMC9947760 DOI: 10.2196/41877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) confers numerous benefits to health and health care costs, yet most adults are not meeting recommended PA guidelines. Stress may be a factor that influences PA behavior. Research investigating the impact of stress on PA has yielded inconsistent findings. Most studies find that stress negatively impacts PA, but there is some evidence that habitual exercising buffers this association. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the relationship between stress and exercise habits among habitual exercisers with internet-connected home fitness equipment (Peloton Bike) during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS Participants were recruited through Facebook (N=146) and asked to complete an internet-based survey that assessed COVID-19-related stressors, perceived stress associated with those stressors, and general perceived stress. Self-reported exercise was assessed on the survey using the Godin Leisure-time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ). Participants were also asked for consent to access their Peloton usage data through the Peloton platform. From their usage data, the frequency and duration of cycling classes was calculated for 4 weeks prior to and 12 weeks following the survey. Hierarchical regression equations tested the association between stress reported on the survey and subsequent exercise participation. Exercise participation was quantified both as the frequency and duration of Peloton cycling over the 12 weeks following the survey and as self-reported moderate to vigorous activity on a second survey completed by a subset of participants 12 weeks after the initial survey. RESULTS There were 146 participants in our Peloton analysis sample and 66 in the self-reported exercise analysis. Peloton user data showed that study participants cycled frequently (mean 5.9 times per week) in the month prior to the initial survey, and that presurvey Peloton use was a strong predictor of exercise frequency (R2=0.57; F2,143=95.27; P<.001) and duration (R2=0.58; F2,143=102.58; P<.001) for the 12 subsequent weeks. Self-reported overall exercise likewise showed that this sample was very active, with an average of more than 8 times per week of moderate to vigorous exercise at the initial survey. Self-reported exercise on the initial survey was a strong predictor of self-reported exercise 12 weeks later (R2=0.31; F1,64=29.03; P<.001). Perceived stress did not impact Peloton cycling duration or frequency (P=.81 and .76, respectively) or self-reported exercise (P=.28). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that stress did not negatively impact exercise participation among habitually active adults with access to internet-connected home fitness equipment. Habitual exercise may buffer the impact of stress on participation in regular moderate to vigorous activity. Future research should examine the role that the availability of home-based internet-connected exercise equipment may play in this buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Woodworth
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Milad Asgari Mehrabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Bio-Psycho-Social Approach to Reproductive Mental Health and Reproductive Decisions. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010075. [PMID: 36661647 PMCID: PMC9855049 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive period in the human life cycle covers a great part of a person's existence and is associated with many significant life changes [...].
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van Doorn M, Monsanto A, Boeschoten CM, van Amelsvoort T, Popma A, Öry FG, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Gleeson J, Jaspers MWM, Nieman DH. Moderated digital social therapy for young people with emerging mental health problems: A user-centered mixed-method design and usability study. Front Digit Health 2023; 4:1020753. [PMID: 36698649 PMCID: PMC9869113 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.1020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over 25% of Dutch young people are psychologically unhealthy. Individual and societal consequences that follow from having mental health complaints at this age are substantial. Young people need care which is often unavailable. ENgage YOung people earlY (ENYOY) is a moderated digital social therapy-platform that aims to help youngsters with emerging mental health complaints. Comprehensive research is being conducted into the effects and to optimize and implement the ENYOY-platform throughout the Netherlands. The aim of this study is to explore the usability and user experience of the ENYOY-platform. Methods A user-centered mixed-method design was chosen. 26 young people aged 16-25 with emerging mental health complaints participated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore usability, user-friendliness, impact, accessibility, inclusivity, and connection (Phase 1). Phase 2 assessed usability problems using the concurrent and retrospective Think Aloud-method. User experience and perceived helpfulness were assessed using a 10-point rating scale and semi-structured interviews (Phase 3). The Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES; Phase 1) and System Usability Scale (SUS; Phase 2 and 3) were administered. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Task completion rate and time were tracked and usability problems were categorized using the Nielsen's rating scale (Phase 2). Results Adequate to high usability was found (Phase 1 Health-ITUES 4.0(0.34); Phase 2 SUS 69,5(13,70); Phase 3 SUS 71,6(5,63)). Findings from Phase 1 (N = 10) indicated that users viewed ENYOY as a user-friendly, safe, accessible, and inclusive initiative which helped them reduce their mental health complaints and improve quality of life. Phase 2 (N = 10) uncovered 18 usability problems of which 5 of major severity (e.g. troubles accessing the platform). Findings from Phase 3 (N = 6) suggested that users perceived the coaching calls the most helpful [9(0.71)] followed by the therapy content [6.25(1.41)]. Users liked the social networking aspect but rated it least helpful [6(2.1)] due to inactivity. Conclusion The ENYOY-platform has been found to have adequate to high usability and positive user experiences were reported. All findings will be transferred to the developmental team to improve the platform. Other evaluation methods and paring these with quantitative outcomes could provide additional insight in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilon van Doorn
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands,Correspondence: M. van Doorn
| | - Anne Monsanto
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cato M. Boeschoten
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Gleeson
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre and School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monique W. M. Jaspers
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorien H. Nieman
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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O’Connor S, O’Connor C, McCarthy S, Singe SM. Perceived Stress, Work–Family Conflict, and Burnout in Irish Certified Athletic Therapists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC THERAPY AND TRAINING 2023. [DOI: 10.1123/ijatt.2022-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Burnout and its associated factors are a concern for U.S. athletic trainers, but no research has investigated it from an international perspective. We examined perceived stress, work–family conflict, burnout, coping, and self-care practices in Irish certified athletic therapists. Low burnout (41.0 ± 12.1) and moderate perceived stress levels (17.8 ± 6.2) were observed. Certified athletic therapists with children had significantly higher work–family conflict (p = .02, ) and time-based conflict (p < .001, ) than those without. Moderate resilient coping was noted (14.7 ± 2.5). Low burnout was found, likely due to the use of resilient coping strategies. Time was a limiting factor for both self-care and experiences of work–family conflict.
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Prakash RS, Fountain-Zaragoza S, Fisher M, Gbadeyan O, Andridge R, Kiecolt-Glaser J, Manglani HR, Duraney EJ, Shankar A, McKenna MR, Teng J, Phansikar M, Canter R. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction to improve attentional control in older adults (HealthyAgers trial). BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:666. [PMID: 35964000 PMCID: PMC9375078 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness meditation is a form of mind-body intervention that has increasing scientific support for its ability to reduce age-related declines in cognitive functioning, improve affective health, and strengthen the neural circuitry supporting improved cognitive and affective health. However, the majority of existent studies have been pilot investigations with small sample sizes, limited follow-up data, and a lack of attention to expectancy effects. Here, we present the study design of a Phase I/II, efficacy trial-HealthyAgers trial-that examines the benefits of a manualized mindfulness-based stress reduction program in improving attentional control and reducing mind-wandering in older adults. METHODS One hundred fifty older adults (ages 65-85 years) will be randomized into one of two groups: an eight-week mindfulness program or an eight-week, placebo-controlled, lifestyle education program. Behavioral and neuroimaging assessments are conducted before and after the training. Participants are then invited to booster sessions once every three months for a period of 12 months with post-intervention follow-up assessments conducted at 6-months and 12-months. The primary outcomes for the study are behavioral measures of attentional control and mind-wandering. Additional, secondary outcomes include network strength in an a priori defined neuromarker of attentional control, fluid and everyday cognition, emotion regulation strategy use, and markers of inflammation. DISCUSSION This study will establish the efficacy of a group-based, low-cost mind-body intervention for the inter-related facets of attentional control and mind-wandering in older adults. Strengths of this study include a well-designed, placebo-controlled comparison group, use of web/mobile application to track study adherence, and longitudinal follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov (# NCT03626532 ). Registered August 4, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stephanie Fountain-Zaragoza
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Megan Fisher
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Oyetunde Gbadeyan
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Peninsula Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Department of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Heena R Manglani
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Duraney
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anita Shankar
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael R McKenna
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James Teng
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Madhura Phansikar
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rosie Canter
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 62 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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13
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Hittle BM, Norrell RM, Omololu SO, Gresham-Ulrich M. Retirement Center Worker Sleep Health Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Workplace Health Saf 2022; 70:268-277. [PMID: 35112602 DOI: 10.1177/21650799211054863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep health disturbances can increase risks for workplace injury, error, and poor worker health. Essential workers have reported sleep disturbances since the COVID-19 pandemic onset, which may jeopardize their health and safety. The aims of this project were to assess sleep health among Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) workers, examine potential differences between worker types, and describe the self-perceived impact of COVID-19 on workers' workload and sleep. METHODS Through an academic-practice partnership, this needs assessment used a cross-sectional design that collected self-report data during fall 2020 from CCRC workers. Guided by the Workplace Health Model, survey questions included work characteristics, sleep health, and COVID-19 impact on sleep and workload. FINDINGS Ninety-four respondents completed the survey across multiple departments. Respondents (n = 34, 36.2%) reported sleeping below recommended hours on workdays. The majority scored above the population mean on Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement (PROMIS) measures of sleep disturbance (n = 52, 55.3%), sleep-related impairment (n = 49, 52.1%), and fatigue (n = 49, 52.1%). Differences in workday total sleep time and fatigue were noted among shift workers versus nonshift workers, with shift workers reporting less sleep and more fatigue. Shorter sleep duration was noted among respondents working shifts 10 or more hours compared with those working 8 hours. Pandemic-related workload increase was reported by 22.3% (n = 21) of respondents, with 17% (n = 16) noting more than one type of workload change. Since COVID-19 onset, 36.2% (n = 34) reported no sleep changes and 35.1% (n = 33) reported sleeping less. A medium, positive relationship was found between increased changes in work due to COVID-19 and increased difficulties sleeping (r = .41, n = 73, p = .000). CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Proper sleep health is essential to workplace safety and worker health. By assessing sleep health during a crisis, occupational health nurses can identify opportunities to support worker health and safety, through sleep education, monitoring for sleepiness and fatigue, ensuring countermeasures are available (e.g., caffeine), and assessing for opportunities to change organizational policies.
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14
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Quintas J, Guerreiro A, de Carvalho MJL, Duarte V, Pedro AR, Gama AF, Keygnaert I, Dias S. The Implication of the First Wave of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Results from a Portuguese Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116489. [PMID: 35682079 PMCID: PMC9180313 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The social conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic had a great potential to affect the mental health of individuals. Meta-analyses indicate a rise in these problems in these periods among general populations, patients and health professionals, even with substantial heterogeneous results. This paper examines mental health impacts specifically during the first wave of COVID-19. An online survey was conducted with a Portuguese convenience sample (N = 1.062) comprising questions about substance use, perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder and self-damage behaviors. The results concerning substance use show an extensive use of medication to sleep or calm down, especially among women and older respondents, a small percentage of alcohol consumers with a high pattern of use and less frequent cannabis consumption, even with a quarter of users who began only in the COVID-19 period. The rates of perceived stress and PTSD were higher compared with international prevalence estimations during the pandemic conditions. Both correlated measures were worse for women and young people. Another problematic issue was the rate of suicidal ideation, with a relevant proportion of starters during this period. These data reinforce the need to promote access to mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quintas
- CJS—Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Crime, Justice and Security, School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Guerreiro
- CJS—Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Crime, Justice and Security, School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia (UMAIA), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Leote de Carvalho
- NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH), 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CICS.NOVA—Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Duarte
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia (UMAIA), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
- CICS.NOVA—Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pedro
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (A.F.G.); (S.D.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Gama
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (A.F.G.); (S.D.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Keygnaert
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- WHO Collaborating Centre: International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Centre for Social Studies on Migration and Refugees (CESSMIR), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sónia Dias
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (A.F.G.); (S.D.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Emergency Medicine Nurse Practitioner and Physician Assistant Burnout, Perceived Stress, and Utilization of Wellness Resources During 2020 in a Large Urban Medical Center. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2022; 44:63-73. [PMID: 35089284 DOI: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to measure perceived stress, burnout, and utilization and perceived benefit of wellness practices among emergency medicine (EM) nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs). An additional aim was to evaluate attributions of stress to racism and the COVID-19 pandemic. A 28-item electronic survey of ED NPs/PAs at 3 hospitals was used to measure respondents' perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), stress attributed to COVID-19 and systemic racism, burnout (2-item measure), and utilization and helpfulness of wellness practices. The sample consisted of 53 ED NPs/PAs respondents (response rate 42.4%). More than one half (58.5%) reported burnout from their job, and a majority (58.5%) reported moderate to high stress. Burnout was reported by 70% of female respondents compared with 30.8% of male respondent (p = 0.002). A large majority (70%) of Black respondents reported concerns about experiencing racism at work, and 58.8% reported higher levels of stress attributed to racism. Respondents reported meals during shifts, community donated personal protective equipment, flexible work hours, and societal offerings of financial support (e.g., Internal Revenue Service stimulus check) as helpful. The COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of systemic racism are significant contributors to the stress and burnout of NPs/PAs. Female ED NPs/PAs disproportionally share the burden of burnout. Strategies to reduce burnout should be prioritized by institutional leadership. In addition, a majority of Black ED NPs/PAs are concerned about experiencing racism at work and report moderate to high stress associated with racism in general. There is an urgent need to address racism in the workplace with training on implicit bias, systemic racism, and allyship behavior.
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16
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Limited negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health measures of Ghanaian university students. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 7:100306. [PMID: 35018355 PMCID: PMC8731225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and mental health outcomes are negatively correlated among university students throughout the world. Reports of differences in stress perception by gender exist, but there is limited data on students from sub-Saharan African countries. This study describes the burden of perceived and financial stress; characterizes mood and degree of anxiety symptoms; examines stress coping mechanisms, including resilience and repetitive negative thinking (RNT); and explores how students at a Ghanaian university believed the COVID-19 pandemic affected these measures. Methods Students (n = 129) were recruited from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana from October 2020 - January 2021. Validated surveys were used. Participants were asked "Are your answers to the questions affected by the COVID-19 pandemic?" Results No differences in mean scores were observed between genders. For female students, financial stress was positively associated with RNT (p = 0.009), negative mood (p = 0.002), and anxiety (p < 0.001). Males were more likely to report decreased stress during the pandemic (p = 0.002), but there was no difference in mental health outcomes by perceived stress (PS) change category among males. Effects of the pandemic on mental health outcomes were mixed, but substantial proportions of students reported improvements or no change in financial stress, mood, anxiety, and RNT. Limitations Students from one university particiapted in this cross-sectional survey. Conclusions This study adds to the understanding of how higher education students are experiencing stress and are coping with the uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.
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17
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Beaudreau SA, Otero MC, Walker JA, Gould CE, Sisco S, White P, Pella K, Wiley E, Voorhees K, Wetherell JL. Problem Solving Training for Veterans with Complex Comorbidities: Treatment Delivery Adaptations during COVID-19. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:145-158. [PMID: 34405768 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1963382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize adaptations due to COVID-19 for VA Problem Solving Training (PST) for clinicians serving medically complex patients and to compare patient mental health outcomes in the year before (2019) and during COVID-19 (2020). METHODS Clinicians attended a multi-day workshop and up to 6 months of small-group consultation for two training cases. In 2019 and 2020, 122 Veteran patients completed baseline and posttreatment measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item), and negative problem-solving beliefs (Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire). Qualitative data were collected on clinician's pandemic-related treatment implementation challenges. RESULTS Program adaptations during COVID-19 addressed challenges due to delivering treatment by telephone, video, or in person; Veteran patient recruitment barriers; and privacy issues for telephone and video. Veterans in both pre-pandemic and COVID-19 cohorts had significant improvements in depression, anxiety, and negative problem-solving beliefs, with no significant differences in the amount of improvement between the two cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Flexibilities afforded to clinicians delivering the PST training program during the pandemic addressed key obstacles and barriers to recruitment, and implementation did not diminish the effectiveness of the intervention. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings support continued implementation of the PST training program with added flexibility to treatment delivery beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Beaudreau
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marcela C Otero
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica A Walker
- Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, VACO, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christine E Gould
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Shannon Sisco
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kaycie Pella
- Home Based Primary Care, Jack C. Montgomery VA Medical Center, Muskogee, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wiley
- Mental Health Service, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Voorhees
- Geriatrics and Extended Care, Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Julie Loebach Wetherell
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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18
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Vargová L, Mikulášková G, Fedáková D, Lačný M, Babjáková J, Šlosáriková M, Babinčák P, Ropovik I, Adamkovič M. Slovak parents' mental health and socioeconomic changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:934293. [PMID: 36061269 PMCID: PMC9433575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.934293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in people's mental health have become one of the hot topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents have been said to be among the most vulnerable groups in terms of the imposed anti-pandemic measures. The present paper analyzes the trends in mental health indicators in a sample of Slovak parents (N = 363) who participated in four waves of data collection over a year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mental health indicators were represented by general levels of depression and anxiety as well as COVID-related stress and anxiety. While there were only minor changes in depression and anxiety, the dynamic in COVID-related stress and especially anxiety was more noteworthy. Besides some exceptions, the results hold even after controlling for the socioeconomic situation. The gender differences in the mental health trends were found to be negligible. Overall, we observed no substantial deterioration in the mental health indicators across the four waves of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vargová
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Mikulášková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Instytut Psychologii, Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas, Humanitas University, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Denisa Fedáková
- Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Lačný
- Faculty of Arts, Institute of Political Science, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Babjáková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šlosáriková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Peter Babinčák
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Ropovik
- Department of Preschool and Elementary Education and Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Faculty of Education, Institute for Research and Development of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matúš Adamkovič
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Education, Institute for Research and Development of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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19
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Exposure to COVID-19 during the First and the Second Wave of the Pandemic and Coronavirus-Related PTSD Risk among University Students from Six Countries-A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235564. [PMID: 34884266 PMCID: PMC8658425 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal differences in exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the first (W1) and the second (W2) waves of the pandemic in six countries among university students and to show the prevalence and associations between exposure to COVID-19 and coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) risk during W2. The repeated cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from Germany, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine (W1: n = 1684; W2: n = 1741). Eight items measured exposure to COVID-19 (regarding COVID-19 symptoms, testing, hospitalizing quarantine, infected relatives, death of relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Coronavirus-related PTSD risk was evaluated by PCL-S. The exposure to COVID-19 symptoms was higher during W2 than W1 among students from all countries, except Germany, where, in contrast, the increase in testing was the strongest. Students from Poland, Turkey, and the total sample were more frequently hospitalized for COVID-19 in W2. In these countries, and Ukraine, students were more often in quarantine. In all countries, participants were more exposed to infected friends/relatives and the loss of a family member due to COVID-19 in W2 than W1. The increase in job loss due to COVID-19 was only noted in Ukraine. Economic status during W2 only worsened in Poland and improved in Russia. This was due to the significant wave of restrictions in Russia and more stringent restrictions in Poland. The prevalence of coronavirus-related PTSD risk at three cutoff scores (25, 44, and 50) was 78.20%, 32.70%, and 23.10%, respectively. The prediction models for different severity of PTSD risk differed. Female gender, a prior diagnosis of depression, a loss of friends/relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 were positively associated with high and very high coronavirus-related PTSD risk, while female gender, a prior PTSD diagnosis, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, testing for COVID-19, having infected friends/relatives and worsening economic status were associated with moderate risk.
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20
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Schneider IK, Dorrough AR, Frank C. Ambivalence and Self-Reported Adherence to Recommendations to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Governments worldwide still, to some extent, rely on behavioral recommendations to reduce the spread of COVID-19. We examine the role of ambivalence toward both the specific recommendations (micro-ambivalence) and the pandemic as a whole (macro-ambivalence) about compliance. We predict that micro ambivalence relates negatively, whereas macro ambivalence relates positively to self-reported adherence to recommendations. We present two studies ( N = 691) supporting our hypotheses: the more ambivalent people are toward the behavioral recommendations (micro-level), the less they report following them. Conversely, the more ambivalent people are about the pandemic as a whole (macro-level), the more they report following recommendations. Our findings were replicated in a US sample and a representative German sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celine Frank
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany
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21
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Bohlken J, Kostev K, Riedel-Heller S, Hoffmann W, Michalowsky B. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, anxiety, and depressive disorders in German primary care: A cross-sectional study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:43-49. [PMID: 34450524 PMCID: PMC8522351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies revealed that mental disorders' prevalence increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in young and female individuals. Such studies represent individuals' subjective perceptions and not the number of mental health cases treated in primary care. Thus, this study aimed to describe the changes in depression, anxiety, and stress disorder diagnoses in General Practitioner (GP) practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than three million patients of 757 German GP practices were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to assess changes in the number of incident depression, anxiety disorders, and reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders documented by GPs in 2020 compared to the average of the years 2017-2019. There was a tremendous decrease in mental health diagnoses during the first lockdown that was only slightly compensated later. Overall populations and the entire year 2020, there was no change in documented depression (0%) and stress disorders (1%), but anxiety disorders were more often documented (+19%), especially for the elderly population (>80 years; +24%). This population group also received more frequently new depression (+12%) and stress disorder diagnoses (23%). The younger population was diagnosed more frequently at the end of 2020, nine months after the first lockdown. Anxiety disorders but not depression and stress diagnoses were elevated, which is not in line with previously published studies. We speculate that the elderly population was affected most by the pandemic immediately after the first lockdown was announced. The younger population has probably become more and more affected the longer the pandemic lasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bohlken
- Institute for Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine, and Public Health (ISAP) of the Medical Faculty at the University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karel Kostev
- IQVIA, Epidemiology, Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Steffie Riedel-Heller
- Institute for Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine, and Public Health (ISAP) of the Medical Faculty at the University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstrasse 1-2, Greifswald, D-17487, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald (UMG), Ellernholzstrasse 1-2, Greifswald, D-17487, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Michalowsky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstrasse 1-2, Greifswald, D-17487, Germany.
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22
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Impact of Virtual Heartfulness Meditation Program on Stress, Quality of Sleep, and Psychological Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111114. [PMID: 34769634 PMCID: PMC8583339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress and lack of quality sleep affect a large portion of the population around the globe, and the COVID-19 pandemic has genuinely brought attention to these problems. This study aimed to investigate whether using a virtual heart-based meditation program is associated with improved stress levels and quality of sleep among participants from the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. We recruited 63 participants to receive an 8-week virtually conducted Heartfulness meditation program in a prospective pre–post single-arm intervention study from September 28 to November 22 2020. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were collected at baseline, at 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Of the 63 participants enrolled in the study, 36 (57%) completed an 8-week Heartfulness meditation program. There was a significant decrease in PSS (mean difference of 6.68 with 95% C.I. 4.89–8.47, p < 0.0001) and in PSQI (mean difference of 2.05 with 95% C.I. 1.03–3.07, p < 0.0001) between week zero and week eight, regardless of Health Care Professional status. The qualitative thematic analysis strongly supported the survey results. A significant reduction in perceived stress score and improvement in sleep quality index was noted at the end of a virtual Heartfulness meditation program. Moreover, Heartfulness meditation practice may help cultivate the quality of empathy, acceptance, and individual peace. We conclude that the effects of virtually accessible Heartfulness meditation practice need to be explored further in larger studies.
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23
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Ozimek N, Velez K, Anvari H, Butler L, Goldman KN, Woitowich NC. Impact of Stress on Menstrual Cyclicity During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 31:84-90. [PMID: 34582731 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has introduced acute and persistent psychosocial stressors for many individuals, with emerging gender differences that suggest women may be at greater risk for poorer mental health outcomes. This may have unintended consequences for women's overall health and well-being, including disruptions to reproductive function as elevated stress is often associated with menstrual cycle irregularities. The objective of this study was to determine if and how the Covid-19 pandemic and its related stressors have impacted women's menstrual cyclicity. Materials and Methods: An online survey instrument designed to capture self-reported information on menstrual cycle changes and perceived stress levels was distributed between July and August 2020. A total of 210 women between the ages of 18-45 years met stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria and completed the survey. Results: Of the 210 respondents, more than half (54%) reported changes in their menstrual cycles. These included changes in menstrual cycle length (50%), the duration of menses (34%), and changes in premenstrual symptoms (50%). Respondents with high perceived stress scale (PSS) scores during Covid were more likely to experience a longer duration of menses (p < 0.001) and heavier bleeding during menses (p = 0.028) compared with those with moderate Covid PSS scores. Conclusions: By uncovering a trend in increased menstrual cycle irregularities during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic, this study contributes to our understanding of the implications that the pandemic may have on women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Ozimek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen Velez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah Anvari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren Butler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kara N Goldman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole C Woitowich
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Ochnik D, Rogowska AM, Kuśnierz C, Jakubiak M, Schütz A, Held MJ, Arzenšek A, Benatov J, Berger R, Korchagina EV, Pavlova I, Blažková I, Aslan I, Çınar O, Cuero-Acosta YA. Mental health prevalence and predictors among university students in nine countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18644. [PMID: 34545120 PMCID: PMC8452732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The student population has been highly vulnerable to the risk of mental health deterioration during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and predictors of mental health among students in Poland, Slovenia, Czechia, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, Turkey, Israel, and Colombia in a socioeconomic context during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted among 2349 students (69% women) from May-July 2020. Data were collected by means of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Gender Inequality Index (GII), Standard & Poor's Global Ratings, the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), and a sociodemographic survey. Descriptive statistics and Bayesian multilevel skew-normal regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of high stress, depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms in the total sample was 61.30%, 40.3%, and 30%, respectively. The multilevel Bayesian model showed that female sex was a credible predictor of PSS-10, GAD-7, and PHQ-8 scores. In addition, place of residence (town) and educational level (first-cycle studies) were risk factors for the PHQ-8. This study showed that mental health issues are alarming in the student population. Regular psychological support should be provided to students by universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Kuśnierz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Monika Jakubiak
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Astrid Schütz
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Marco J Held
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rony Berger
- The Center for Compassionate Mindful Education, 69106, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elena V Korchagina
- Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, 79007, Ukraine
| | - Ivana Blažková
- Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Imran Aslan
- Health Management Department, Bingöl University, Bingöl, 12000, Turkey
| | - Orhan Çınar
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, 04000, Turkey
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25
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Pokryszko-Dragan A, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Gruszka E, Pawłowski M, Pawłowski T, Rudkowska-Mytych A, Rymaszewska J, Budrewicz S. Burden of COVID-19 Pandemic Perceived by Polish Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184215. [PMID: 34575327 PMCID: PMC8468201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) were expected to be particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the burden of pandemic, perceived by Polish MS patients, with regard to major contributing factors. The survey, conducted in August/September 2020, included: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief–COPE), questions on demographic data, MS characteristics, and health-related and social aspects of pandemic burden. Relationships were searched between PSS-10 and Mini-COPE results and other analyzed items, using U Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA rank test and Spearman rank correlation. The survey was answered by 287 MS patients (208 female, 79 male, aged 21–69 years). Since March 2020, 2.4% of respondents had been positive for COVID-19 and 5.2% had undergone a quarantine. Mean PSS-10 score was 19.99, with moderate or high level of stress in 83.3% of respondents. Problem-focused strategies were more frequently used than emotion-focused strategies (1.76 vs. 1.16). Higher PSS-10 score was associated with comorbidities (H = 4.28), increase in major MS symptoms during the pandemic (21.92 vs. 18.06), experience of healthcare limitations (21.12 vs. 17.98), work-related (22.58 vs. 18.69), financial (22.70 vs. 18.83) and family-related problems (22.54 vs. 17.73) due to pandemic restrictions. A coping model was associated with functional disability and limitations to daily activities (H = 7.81). During the first stage of the pandemic, MS patients reported increased level of stress and preferred problem-focused coping. The level of stress and coping showed more relationships with pandemic impact upon social issues than with MS-related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-D.); (E.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-D.); (E.G.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-734-3100; Fax: +48-71-734-3109
| | - Ewa Gruszka
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-D.); (E.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcin Pawłowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.R.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Tomasz Pawłowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.R.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Anna Rudkowska-Mytych
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.R.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.R.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-D.); (E.G.); (S.B.)
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26
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Agarwal P, Kaushik A, Sarkar S, Rao D, Mukherjee N, Bharat V, Das S, Saha AK. Global survey-based assessment of lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255399. [PMID: 34388151 PMCID: PMC8362972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the major impact on public health, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused unprecedented concerns ranging from sudden loss of employment to mental stress and anxiety. We implemented a survey-based data collection platform to characterize how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the socio-economic, physical and mental health conditions of individuals. We focused on three broad areas, namely, changes in social interaction during home confinement, economic impact and their health status. We identified a substantial increase in virtual interaction among individuals, which might be a way to alleviate the sudden unprecedented mental health burden, exacerbated by general awareness about viral infections or other manifestations associated with them. The majority of participants (85%) lived with one or more companions and unemployment issues did not affect 91% of the total survey takers, which was one of the crucial consequences of the pandemic. Nevertheless, measures such as an increased frequency of technology-aided distant social interaction, focus on physical fitness and leisure activities were adopted as coping mechanisms during this period of home isolation. Collectively, these metrics provide a succinct and informative summary of the socio-economic and health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the individuals. Findings from our study reflect that continuous surveillance of the psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide. Given the limitations of analyzing the large number of variables, we have made the raw data publicly available on the OMF ME/CFS Data Center server to facilitate further analyses (https://igenomed.stanford.edu/dataset/survey-study-on-lifestyle-changes-during-covid-19-pandemic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Abhinav Kaushik
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Sutapa Sarkar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Deepti Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Nilanjan Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Vinita Bharat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Subhamoy Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Amit Kumar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA United States of America
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27
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Daimer S, Mihatsch L, Ronan L, Murray GK, Knolle F. Subjective Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Schizotypy and General Mental Health in Germany and the United Kingdom, for Independent Samples in May and in October 2020. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667848. [PMID: 34393901 PMCID: PMC8355554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies reported a strong impact on mental health during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March-June, 2020. In this study, we assessed the impact of the pandemic on mental health in general and on schizotypal traits in two independent general population samples of the United Kingdom (May sample N: 239, October sample N: 126; participation at both timepoints: 21) and in two independent general population samples of Germany (May sample N: 543, October sample N: 401; participation at both timepoints: 100) using online surveys. Whereas general psychological symptoms (global symptom index, GSI) and percentage of responders above clinical cut-off for further psychological investigation were higher in the May sample compared to the October sample, schizotypy scores (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire) were higher in the October sample. We investigated potential associations, using general linear regression models (GLM). For schizotypy scores, we found that loneliness, use of drugs, and financial burden were more strongly corrected with schizotypy in the October compared to the May sample. We identified similar associations for GSI, as for schizotypy scores, in the May and October samples. We furthermore found that living in the United Kingdom was related to higher schizotypal scores or GSI. However, individual estimates of the GLM are highly comparable between the two countries. In conclusion, this study shows that while the general psychological impact is lower in the October than the May sample, potentially showing a normative response to an exceptional situation; schizotypy scores are higher at the second timepoint, which may be due to a stronger impact of estimates of loneliness, drug use, and financial burden. The ongoing, exceptional circumstances within this pandemic might increase the risk for developing psychosis in some individuals. The development of general psychological symptoms and schizotypy scores over time requires further attention and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daimer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Mihatsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Ronan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Knolle
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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28
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Sánchez-Sánchez E, Díaz-Jimenez J, Rosety I, Alférez MJM, Díaz AJ, Rosety MA, Ordonez FJ, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Perceived Stress and Increased Food Consumption during the 'Third Wave' of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072380. [PMID: 34371889 PMCID: PMC8308749 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of people worldwide. An increase in perceived stress can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as increased food consumption. The aim of this study was to find the level of perceived stress and its relationship with increased food consumption during the “third wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. This was a cross-sectional study that employed anonline self-reported frequency of consumption questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale-10. A total of 637 subjects participated and 83.6% of respondents had moderate or high stress—more prevalent in the female and young respondents. Moreover, 36.1% of respondents reported that they had increased the frequency of consumption of some foods, mainly nuts, snacks, and jellybeans, along with coffee, tea, cocoa, and soft drinks. Eating between meals was more pronounced in those with high stress (65.1%) than in those with moderate stress (40.4%) and low stress (20.2%). Furthermore, the respondents with high stress reported greater weight gain. Thus, the results show that the level of perceived stress during the ‘third wave’ of this pandemic increased food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez-Sánchez
- Internal Medicine Department, Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, 11207 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-671-569-320
| | - Jara Díaz-Jimenez
- Campus Cádiz, Doctoral School of the University of Cádiz (EDUCA), Edificio Hospital Real (PrimeraPlanta), Plaza Falla 8, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Rosety
- Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (I.R.); (F.J.O.)
| | - Maria José M. Alférez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Jesús Díaz
- Medicine Department, School of Nursing, University of Cadiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel Rosety
- Move-It Research Group, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Ordonez
- Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (I.R.); (F.J.O.)
| | - Manuel Rosety-Rodriguez
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
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29
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Ochnik D, Rogowska AM, Kuśnierz C, Jakubiak M, Schütz A, Held MJ, Arzenšek A, Benatov J, Berger R, Korchagina EV, Pavlova I, Blažková I, Konečná Z, Aslan I, Çınar O, Cuero-Acosta YA, Wierzbik-Strońska M. A Comparison of Depression and Anxiety among University Students in Nine Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2882. [PMID: 34209619 PMCID: PMC8269122 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mental health of young adults, particularly students, is at high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in mental health between university students in nine countries during the pandemic. The study encompassed 2349 university students (69% female) from Colombia, the Czech Republic (Czechia), Germany, Israel, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants underwent the following tests: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Exposure to COVID-19 (EC-19), Perceived Impact of Coronavirus (PIC) on students' well-being, Physical Activity (PA), and General Self-Reported Health (GSRH). The one-way ANOVA showed significant differences between countries. The highest depression and anxiety risk occurred in Turkey, the lowest depression in the Czech Republic and the lowest anxiety in Germany. The χ2 independence test showed that EC-19, PIC, and GSRH were associated with anxiety and depression in most of the countries, whereas PA was associated in less than half of the countries. Logistic regression showed distinct risk factors for each country. Gender and EC-19 were the most frequent predictors of depression and anxiety across the countries. The role of gender and PA for depression and anxiety is not universal and depends on cross-cultural differences. Students' mental health should be addressed from a cross-cultural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland;
| | | | - Cezary Kuśnierz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
| | - Monika Jakubiak
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Astrid Schütz
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047 Bamberg, Germany; (A.S.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Marco J. Held
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047 Bamberg, Germany; (A.S.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Rony Berger
- The Center for Compassionate Mindful Education, Tel Aviv 69106, Israel;
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elena V. Korchagina
- Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Ivana Blažková
- Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeňka Konečná
- Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Imran Aslan
- Health Management Department, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Orhan Çınar
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı 04000, Turkey
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30
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Zinchenko YP, Salagay OO, Shaigerova LA, Almazova OV, Dolgikh AG, Vakhantseva OV. Perception of stress by different categories of medical personnel during the first wave of the COVID‑19 pandemic in Russia. Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2021-1-1-65-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Relevance. In the context of the pandemic, the current psychological state and the likely delayed deterioration of the mental health of medical personnel, regardless of their professional duties, are of concern. Taking into account the stressful circumstances in which the pandemic has placed all medical workers, assessing the level of perceived stress, as well as identifying risk factors and factors that mitigate stress, is an urgent task, the solution of which will contribute to the effective organization of psychological support for medical personnel.Methods. The study used a shortened version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10) as the main methodology – a tool designed to study a person's attitude to stressful situations and determine the degree to which life is assessed as stressful and uncontrolled (Cohen et al., 1988). The methodology is widely used by the scientific community, including during the pandemic, and the original English version of the PSS has been translated into many languages and adapted in different countries. The study was conducted through an online survey.Respondents. The study, conducted in the period from May 9 to June 26, 2020, when there was a steady increase in SARS-CoV 2 virus infections in Russia, involved 1,287 employees of medical institutions in various subjects of the federation (1,079 women and 208 men) aged 19 to 80 years. The sample of the study is represented by doctors, middle and junior medical staff, heads of medical departments and institutions, as well as volunteers.Results. A high average overall index of perceived stress among employees of medical institutions was revealed. The highest level of stress is observed in the youngest age group (from 19 to 30 years), and with age, the level of stress decreases. There were no differences in the level of stress between male and female health workers in any of the considered stress indicators. Protective factors against increased stress are the presence of children and living with family members or relatives, while the presence of a spouse / partner does not affect the overall indicator of perceived stress. From different categories of medical workers, the index of perceived stress is higher in managers and doctors compared to middle and junior medical personnel. There were no significant differences in the level of stress between the staff working and not working in the "red zone". Differences in the level of stress of medical workers depending on the current situation (the number of infected and dead) in the region of residence were revealed: the level of stress is higher for those specialists who are forced to work in stressful conditions due to the complex epidemiological situation. The relationship between different beliefs about COVID19 and the level of stress is shown: the level of stress is higher in those who take its danger more seriously. In terms of the sources of stress, the most likely predictors are anxiety about exposure to COVID19 at work and the likelihood of infecting loved ones, fear of catching it yourself and getting sick, inability to meet the usual personal needs and economic instability.Conclusions. Practical interventions, the provision of psychological support and the development of actions to reduce stress for staff during a pandemic, should take into account the role of factors in increasing stress among staff working in specific conditions and focus on the prevailing beliefs and stressors in specific categories of medical factors.
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31
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Vavrinsky E, Stopjakova V, Kopani M, Kosnacova H. The Concept of Advanced Multi-Sensor Monitoring of Human Stress. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3499. [PMID: 34067895 PMCID: PMC8157129 DOI: 10.3390/s21103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many people live under stressful conditions which has an adverse effect on their health. Human stress, especially long-term one, can lead to a serious illness. Therefore, monitoring of human stress influence can be very useful. We can monitor stress in strictly controlled laboratory conditions, but it is time-consuming and does not capture reactions, on everyday stressors or in natural environment using wearable sensors, but with limited accuracy. Therefore, we began to analyze the current state of promising wearable stress-meters and the latest advances in the record of related physiological variables. Based on these results, we present the concept of an accurate, reliable and easier to use telemedicine device for long-term monitoring of people in a real life. In our concept, we ratify with two synchronized devices, one on the finger and the second on the chest. The results will be obtained from several physiological variables including electrodermal activity, heart rate and respiration, body temperature, blood pressure and others. All these variables will be measured using a coherent multi-sensors device. Our goal is to show possibilities and trends towards the production of new telemedicine equipment and thus, opening the door to a widespread application of human stress-meters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Vavrinsky
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Viera Stopjakova
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Kopani
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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32
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Moriarty T, Bourbeau K, Fontana F, McNamara S, Pereira da Silva M. The Relationship between Psychological Stress and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors during COVID-19 among Students in a US Midwest University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4752. [PMID: 33946873 PMCID: PMC8125243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The gripping coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has imposed dramatic changes to many areas of daily living in all sectors of society across the world. We examined the relationship between perceived stress and health behaviors among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey with measures of psychological stress, physical activity and exercise, and sleep and social connectedness was distributed in June and July of 2020. The survey was completed by 550 college students (mean age: 21.3 ± 3.8 years, 74.2% female, 94.4% Caucasian). Being female and unemployed and having a lower annual income were significantly associated with higher levels of stress. In addition, regression analysis found that reduced exercise and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly predicted the levels of stress of participants after controlling for gender, employment status, and annual income. University officials should aim to implement health-promotion strategies directed at preventing reductions in exercise and sleep duration, especially in those at greater risk of increased perceived stress such as females and economically disadvantaged students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Moriarty
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (F.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Kelsey Bourbeau
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (F.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Fabio Fontana
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (F.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Scott McNamara
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (F.F.); (S.M.)
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Knolle F, Ronan L, Murray GK. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a comparison between Germany and the UK. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 33892807 PMCID: PMC8064888 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to dramatic social and economic changes in daily life. First studies report an impact on mental health of the general population showing increased levels of anxiety, stress and depression. In this study, we compared the impact of the pandemic on two culturally and economically similar European countries: the UK and Germany. METHODS Participants (UK = 241, German = 541) completed an online-survey assessing COVID-19 exposure, impact on financial situation and work, substance and media consumption, mental health using the Symptom-Check-List-27 (SCL-27) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. RESULTS We found distinct differences between the two countries. UK responders reported a stronger direct impact on health, financial situation and families. UK responders had higher clinical scores on the SCL-27, and higher prevalence. Interestingly, German responders were less hopeful for an end of the pandemic and more concerned about their life-stability. CONCLUSION As 25% of both German and UK responders reported a subjective worsening of the general psychological symptoms and 20-50% of German and UK responders reached the clinical cut-off for depressive and dysthymic symptoms as well as anxieties, it specifically shows the need for tailored intervention systems to support large proportions of the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Knolle
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Ronan
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham K. Murray
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Lamnisos D, Ļubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Aydin G, Ruiz FJ, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando-Posada DP, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Neto DD, da Silva AN, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Blarrina MP, Montesinos F, Salas SV, Őri D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Gloster AT, Karekla M, Kassianos AP. Patterns of Psychological Responses among the Public during the Early Phase of COVID-19: A Cross-Regional Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4143. [PMID: 33919888 PMCID: PMC8070933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the mediation of psychological flexibility, prosociality and coping in the impacts of illness perceptions toward COVID-19 on mental health among seven regions. Convenience sampled online survey was conducted between April and June 2020 from 9130 citizens in 21 countries. Illness perceptions toward COVID-19, psychological flexibility, prosociality, coping and mental health, socio-demographics, lockdown-related variables and COVID-19 status were assessed. Results showed that psychological flexibility was the only significant mediator in the relationship between illness perceptions toward COVID-19 and mental health across all regions (all ps = 0.001-0.021). Seeking social support was the significant mediator across subgroups (all ps range = <0.001-0.005) except from the Hong Kong sample (p = 0.06) and the North and South American sample (p = 0.53). No mediation was found for problem-solving (except from the Northern European sample, p = 0.009). Prosociality was the significant mediator in the Hong Kong sample (p = 0.016) and the Eastern European sample (p = 0.008). These findings indicate that fostering psychological flexibility may help to mitigate the adverse mental impacts of COVID-19 across regions. Roles of seeking social support, problem-solving and prosociality vary across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Jeļena Ļubenko
- Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (G.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (G.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Christiana Nicolaou
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | | | - Gökçen Aydin
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27010, Turkey;
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà 110231, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Maria B. Garcia-Martin
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Sabana, Chía 53753, Colombia; (M.B.G.-M.); (D.P.O.-P.)
| | - Diana P. Obando-Posada
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Sabana, Chía 53753, Colombia; (M.B.G.-M.); (D.P.O.-P.)
| | - Miguel A. Segura-Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà 110231, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Vasilis S. Vasiliou
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB), 400095 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - David Dias Neto
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - Dorottya Őri
- Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Department of Mental Health, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Bartosz Kleszcz
- Bartosz Kleszcz Psychotherapy and Training, ul. Aleja Zwycięstwa 31/8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Iva Ivanović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Montenegro, 81110 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - David Gosar
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada;
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.K.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Angelos P. Kassianos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.K.); (A.P.K.)
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Liang W, Duan Y, Shang B, Hu C, Baker JS, Lin Z, He J, Wang Y. Precautionary Behavior and Depression in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Cross-Sectional Study in Hubei, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041853. [PMID: 33672885 PMCID: PMC7918441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The large-scale COVID-19 pandemic has not only resulted in the risk of death but also augmented the levels of depression in community-dwelling older adults. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of depression in Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, to examine the association of individual precautionary behavior with older adults’ depression levels, and to identify the moderating role of socioeconomic indicators in the aforementioned association. Five hundred and sixteen older adults were recruited from five cities of Hubei province in China. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire survey. Results showed that 30.8% of participants indicated a significant depressive symptom during the pandemic. Older adults’ depression levels differed significantly in marital status, living situation, education level, household income, subjective health status, and infected cases of acquaintances. Precautionary behavior change showed significant inverse associations with older adults’ depression levels, where household income moderated this relationship. This is the first study to investigate the characteristics, behavioral correlates, and moderators of depression among Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research findings may provide new insights into interventions and policy-making on individual precautionary behavior and mental health among older adults for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (W.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (W.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, College of Health Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Borui Shang
- Department of Kinesiology, Hebei Institute of Physical Education, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;
| | - Chun Hu
- Student Mental Health Education Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710000, China;
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (W.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Sport Section, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Jiali He
- Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, College of Health Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Yanping Wang
- The National Physical Fitness Lab, Hubei Institute of Sport Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China;
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