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Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00757-8. [PMID: 38642570 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44-2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64-3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7-17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8-6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7-10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0-234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7-198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3-214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0-171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3-51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9-52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54-1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5-9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0-19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9-21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0-17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7-27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6-63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4-64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6-2·9) between 2019 and 2021. INTERPRETATION Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Steinmetz JD, Seeher KM, Schiess N, Nichols E, Cao B, Servili C, Cavallera V, Cousin E, Hagins H, Moberg ME, Mehlman ML, Abate YH, Abbas J, Abbasi MA, Abbasian M, Abbastabar H, Abdelmasseh M, Abdollahi M, Abdollahi M, Abdollahifar MA, Abd-Rabu R, Abdulah DM, Abdullahi A, Abedi A, Abedi V, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Abidi H, Abiodun O, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Aboyans V, Abrha WA, Abualhasan A, Abu-Gharbieh E, Aburuz S, Adamu LH, Addo IY, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adekiya TA, Adikusuma W, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afework T, Afolabi AA, Afraz A, Afzal S, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad S, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed JQ, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Aji B, Ajumobi O, Akade SE, Akbari M, Akbarialiabad H, Akhlaghi S, Akinosoglou K, Akinyemi RO, Akonde M, Al Hasan SM, Alahdab F, AL-Ahdal TMA, Al-amer RM, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Aldawsari KA, Alemi H, Alemi S, Algammal AM, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alhassan RK, Ali A, Ali EA, Ali L, Ali MU, Ali MM, Ali R, Ali S, Ali SSS, Ali Z, Alif SM, Alimohamadi Y, Aliyi AA, Aljofan M, Aljunid SM, Alladi S, Almazan JU, Almustanyir S, Al-Omari B, Alqahtani JS, Alqasmi I, Alqutaibi AY, Al-Shahi Salman R, Altaany Z, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Aly S, Alzoubi KH, Amani R, Amindarolzarbi A, Amiri S, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Amusa GA, Amzat J, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson DB, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Angappan D, Angesom TW, Anil A, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anwer R, Arafat M, Aravkin AY, Areda D, Ariffin H, Arifin H, Arkew M, Ärnlöv J, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Artanti KD, Aruleba RT, Asadi-Pooya AA, Asena TF, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf M, Ashraf T, Atalell KA, Athari SS, Atinafu BTT, Atorkey P, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Avan A, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayatollahi H, Ayinde OO, Ayyoubzadeh SM, Azadnajafabad S, Azizi Z, Azizian K, Azzam AY, Babaei M, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagherieh S, Bai R, Baig AA, Balakrishnan S, Balalla S, Baltatu OC, Banach M, Bandyopadhyay S, Banerjee I, Baran MF, Barboza MA, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrow A, Bashash D, Bashiri H, Bashiru HA, Basiru A, Basso JD, Basu S, Batiha AMM, Batra K, Baune BT, Bedi N, Begde A, Begum T, Behnam B, Behnoush AH, Beiranvand M, Béjot Y, Bekele A, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Bemanalizadeh M, Bender RG, Benfor B, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berice B, Bettencourt PJG, Beyene KA, Bhadra A, Bhagat DS, Bhangdia K, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhargava A, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti R, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bilalaga MM, Biswas A, Bitaraf S, Bitra VR, Bjørge T, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Boloor A, Braithwaite D, Brayne C, Brenner H, Briko A, Bringas Vega ML, Brown J, Budke CM, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns RA, Bustanji Y, Butt MH, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Cabral LS, Caetano dos Santos FL, Calina D, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Carabin H, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carvalho AF, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Casulli A, Catalá-López F, Catapano AL, Caye A, Cegolon L, Cenderadewi M, Cerin E, Chacón-Uscamaita PRU, Chan JSK, Chanie GS, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chekol Abebe E, Chen H, Chen J, Chi G, Chichagi F, Chidambaram SB, Chimoriya R, Ching PR, Chitheer A, Chong YY, Chopra H, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury EK, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Coberly K, Columbus A, Comachio J, Conde J, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Couto RAS, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Dadana S, Dadras O, Dai X, Dai Z, D'Amico E, Danawi HA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwish AH, Das S, Das S, Dascalu AM, Dash NR, Dashti M, De la Hoz FP, de la Torre-Luque A, De Leo D, Dean FE, Dehghan A, Dehghan A, Dejene H, Demant D, Demetriades AK, Demissie S, Deng X, Desai HD, Devanbu VGC, Dhama K, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dibas M, Ding DD, Dinu M, Dirac MA, Diress M, Do TC, Do THP, Doan KDK, Dodangeh M, Doheim MF, Dokova KG, Dongarwar D, Dsouza HL, Dube J, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dutta S, Dziedzic AM, Edinur HA, Eissazade N, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Nahas N, El Sayed I, Elahi Najafi MA, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, Elgar FJ, Elgendy IY, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, Elilo LT, Ellenbogen RG, Elmeligy OAA, Elmonem MA, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emamverdi M, Emeto TI, Endres M, Esezobor CI, Eskandarieh S, Fadaei A, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahim A, Faramarzi A, Fares J, Farjoud Kouhanjani M, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatehizadeh A, Fathi M, Fathi S, Fatima SAF, Feizkhah A, Fereshtehnejad SM, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Firouraghi N, Fischer F, Fonseca AC, Force LM, Fornari A, Foroutan B, Fukumoto T, Gadanya MA, Gaidhane AM, Galali Y, Galehdar N, Gan Q, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Gardner WM, Garg N, Gau SY, Gautam RK, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremeskel GG, Gebreslassie HG, Getacher L, Ghaderi Yazdi B, Ghadirian F, Ghaffarpasand F, Ghanbari R, Ghasemi M, Ghazy RM, Ghimire S, Gholami A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghotbi E, Ghozy S, Gialluisi A, Gill PS, Glasstetter LM, Gnedovskaya EV, Golchin A, Golechha M, Goleij 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CCD, Iyer M, Jaan A, Jacob L, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafari M, Jafarinia M, Jafarzadeh A, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jamora RDG, Jana S, Javadi N, Javed S, Javeed S, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jiang H, Johnson CO, Johnson WD, Jokar M, Jonas JB, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kabito GG, Kadashetti V, Kafi F, Kalani R, Kalantar F, Kaliyadan F, Kamath A, Kamath S, Kanchan T, Kandel A, Kandel H, Kanmodi KK, Karajizadeh M, Karami J, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karimi A, Karimi H, Karimi Behnagh A, Kasraei H, Kassebaum NJ, Kauppila JH, Kaur H, Kaur N, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keller C, Keykhaei M, Khadembashiri MA, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khamesipour F, Khammarnia M, Khan M, Khan MAB, Khan YH, Khan Suheb MZ, Khanmohammadi S, Khanna T, Khatab K, Khatatbeh H, Khatatbeh MM, Khateri S, Khatib MN, Khayat Kashani HR, Khonji MS, khorashadizadeh F, Khormali M, Khubchandani J, Kian S, Kim G, Kim J, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kivimäki M, Kochhar S, Kolahi AA, Koly KN, Kompani F, Koroshetz WJ, Kosen S, Kourosh Arami M, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Kuate Defo B, Kuddus MA, Kumar A, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kumsa NB, Kundu S, Kurniasari MD, Kusuma D, Kuttikkattu A, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Ladan MA, Lahariya C, Laksono T, Lal DK, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lami FH, Landires I, Langguth B, Lasrado S, Latief K, Latifinaibin K, Lau KMM, Laurens MB, Lawal BK, Le LKD, Le TTT, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, Leonardi M, Lerango TL, Li MC, Li W, Ligade VS, Lim SS, Linehan C, Liu C, Liu J, Liu W, Lo CH, Lo WD, Lobo SW, Logroscino G, Lopes G, Lopukhov PD, Lorenzovici L, Lorkowski S, Loureiro JA, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lutzky Saute R, Ma ZF, Mabrok M, Machoy M, Madadizadeh F, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Maghazachi AA, Maghbouli N, Mahjoub S, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Malagón-Rojas JN, Malakan Rad E, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Mallhi TH, Malta DC, Manilal A, Mansouri V, Mansournia MA, Marasini BP, Marateb HR, Maroufi SF, Martinez-Raga J, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, März W, Marzo RR, Massano J, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathews E, Maude RJ, Maugeri A, Maulik PK, Mayeli M, Mazaheri M, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, Meena JK, Mehndiratta MM, Mendez-Lopez MAM, Mendoza W, Mendoza-Cano O, Menezes RG, Merati M, Meretoja A, Merkin A, Mersha AM, Mestrovic T, Mi T, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Mihretie ET, Minh LHN, Mirfakhraie R, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei M, Misganaw A, Misra S, Mithra P, Mizana BA, Mohamadkhani A, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi S, Mohammadi S, Mohammadshahi M, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mojiri-forushani H, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molinaro S, Möller H, Monasta L, Moniruzzaman M, Montazeri F, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mossialos E, Motaghinejad M, Mousavi P, Mousavi SE, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mughal F, Mukoro GD, Mulita A, Mulita F, Musaigwa F, Mustafa A, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Nainu F, Nair TS, Najmuldeen HHR, Nakhostin Ansari N, Nambi G, Namdar Areshtanab H, Nargus S, Nascimento BR, Naser AY, Nashwan AJJ, Nasoori H, Nasreldein A, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Nayak BP, Nazri-Panjaki A, Negaresh M, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nematollahi MH, Nesbit OD, Newton CRJ, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Niazi RK, Nikolouzakis TK, Niranjan V, Nnyanzi LA, Noman EA, Noroozi N, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nurrika D, Oancea B, Odetokun IA, O'Donnell MJ, Ogunsakin RE, Oguta JO, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Okwute PG, Olagunju AT, Olaiya MT, Olana MD, Olatubi MI, Oliveira GMM, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Omar Bali A, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Ordak M, Orji AU, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Osuagwu UL, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Ouyahia A, Owolabi MO, P A MP, Pacheco-Barrios K, Padubidri JR, Pal PK, Palange PN, Palladino C, Palladino R, Palma-Alvarez RF, Pan F, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pandian JD, Pangaribuan HU, Pantazopoulos I, Pardhan S, Parija PP, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Patel J, Patil S, Patoulias D, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Pensato U, Pereira DM, Pereira J, Pereira MO, Peres MFP, Perico N, Perna S, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Pham HT, Phillips MR, Pinilla-Monsalve GD, Piradov MA, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polat B, Poluru R, Pond CD, Poudel GR, Pouramini A, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Pourfridoni M, Pourtaheri N, Prakash PY, Prakash S, Prakash V, Prates EJS, Pritchett N, Purnobasuki H, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qian G, Radhakrishnan V, Raee P, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafique I, Raggi A, Raghav PR, Rahati MM, Rahim F, Rahimi Z, Rahimifard M, Rahman MO, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Rahmati M, Raj Moolambally S, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Ramadan H, Ramasamy SK, Ramasubramani P, Ramazanu S, Rancic N, Rao IR, Rao SJ, Rapaka D, Rashedi V, Rashid AM, Rashidi MM, Rashidi Alavijeh M, Rasouli-Saravani A, Rawaf S, Razo C, Redwan EMM, Rekabi Bana A, Remuzzi G, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rhee TG, Riad A, Robinson SR, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Rogowski ELB, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roy P, Roy Pramanik K, Rubagotti E, Ruiz MA, Russ TC, S Sunnerhagen K, Saad AMA, Saadatian Z, Saber K, SaberiKamarposhti M, Sacco S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Saeed U, Safdarian M, Safi SZ, Sagar R, Sagoe D, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sahebkar A, Sahoo SS, Sahraian MA, Sajedi SA, Sakshaug JW, Saleh MA, Salehi Omran H, Salem MR, Salimi S, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Sanadgol N, Sanjeev RK, Sanmarchi F, Santomauro DF, Santri IN, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saravanan A, Sarveazad A, Satpathy M, Saylan M, Sayyah M, Scarmeas N, Schlaich MP, Schuermans A, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel DC, Selvaraj S, Sendekie AK, Sengupta P, Senthilkumaran S, Serban D, Sergindo MT, Sethi Y, SeyedAlinaghi S, Seylani A, Shabani M, Shabany M, Shafie M, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahid S, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Shahsavari HR, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shaji KS, Sham S, Shama ATT, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Sharath M, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharma M, Sharma R, Shashamo BB, Shayan M, Sheikhi RA, Shekhar S, Shen J, Shenoy SM, Shetty PH, Shiferaw DS, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shittu A, Shivakumar KM, Shokri F, Shool S, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siankam Tankwanchi AB, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Sinaei E, Singh BB, Singh G, Singh P, Singh S, Sirota SB, Sivakumar S, Sohag AAM, Solanki R, Soleimani H, Solikhah S, Solomon Y, Solomon Y, Song S, Song Y, Sotoudeh H, Spartalis M, Stark BA, Starnes JR, Starodubova AV, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sun J, Sunkersing D, Sunny A, Susianti H, Swain CK, Szeto MD, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabai S, Tabish M, Taheri M, Tahvildari A, Tajbakhsh A, Tampa M, Tamuzi JJLL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tareke M, Tarigan IU, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Tavasol A, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temesgen WA, Temsah MH, Teramoto M, Tesfaye AH, Tesfaye EG, Tesler R, Thakali O, Thangaraju P, Thapa R, Thapar R, Thomas NK, Thrift AG, Ticoalu JHV, Tillawi T, Toghroli R, Tonelli M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran NM, Tran NH, Tran PV, Tromans SJ, Truelsen TC, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay GM, Tsermpini EE, Tualeka AR, Tufa DG, Ubah CS, Udoakang AJ, Ulhaq I, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Umapathi KK, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Vaithinathan AG, Vakilian A, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vaziri S, Vellingiri B, Venketasubramanian N, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Villani L, Vinueza Veloz AF, Viskadourou M, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov V, Volovat SR, Vu LT, Vujcic IS, Wagaye B, Waheed Y, Wahood W, Walde MT, Wang F, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Waqas M, Waris A, Weerakoon KG, Weintraub RG, Weldemariam AH, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Willekens B, Wilner LB, Winkler AS, Wolfe CDA, Wu AM, Wulf Hanson S, Xu S, Xu X, Yadollahpour A, Yaghoubi S, Yahya G, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Yehualashet SS, Yeshaneh A, Yesiltepe M, Yi S, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yu C, Yusuf H, Zadey S, Zahedi M, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zali A, Zamagni G, Zand R, Zandieh GGZ, Zangiabadian M, Zarghami A, Zastrozhin MS, Zeariya MGM, Zegeye ZB, Zeukeng F, Zhai C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhou H, Zhu B, Zhumagaliuly A, Zielińska M, Zikarg YT, Zoladl M, Murray CJL, Ong KL, Feigin VL, Vos T, Dua T. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:344-381. [PMID: 38493795 PMCID: PMC10949203 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378-521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20-3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5-45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7-26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6-38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5-32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7-2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Zhao W, Chong YY, Yang S, Kuerban D, Zhang W, Wang X, Li X, Chien WT. Reliability and validity of the translated Chinese version of comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy processes (CompACT-C) in breast cancer survivors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25956. [PMID: 38390041 PMCID: PMC10881337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to translate and validate a Chinese version of the Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT-C), a 23-item questionnaire for measuring an individual's level of psychological flexibility among Chinese breast cancer survivors for utilisation of Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based interventions in breast cancer patients. Methods Six translators translated the original English version into Chinese according to Brislin's Translation Model. Psychometric properties tests were conducted on the CompACT-C, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability (two-week interval), face validity, content validity, convergent validity with experiential avoidance, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis). Results 308 Chinese breast cancer survivors with mastectomies were conveniently recruited. The translated scale showed satisfactory test-retest reliability (two-week interval, r = 0.53-0.72, p < 0.001), face validity, and content validity (CVI-Scale/CVS-Item = 1.00). According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, the final Chinese version remained the 23 items and three dimensions, with the modification of item six from the dimension of openness to experience to behavioural awareness for better model fitness [structural equation model analysis, χ2 = 559.486, df = 226, NC (χ2/df) = 2.476, RMSEA = 0.069, CFI = 0.834, TLI = 0.815, SRMR = 0.079] and satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.71), convergent validity with AAQ-2 (r = -0.57, p < 0.001) in these breast cancer patients. Conclusions The Chinese version of the CompACT showed good reliability and validity among Chinese breast cancer patients. Future research is suggested to confirm its psychometric properties with diverse breast and other cancer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhao
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Yang
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine the Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dilihumaer Kuerban
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine the Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Breast Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Breast Surgery Department, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine the Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chong YY, Temesgen WA, Chan H, Wong CL, Cheng HY. Psychosocial interventions for improving mental health and family functioning in families with parental cancer: A systematic review. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 68:102505. [PMID: 38309255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parental cancer significantly impacts both parents and children, necessitating psychosocial interventions to enhance family well-being. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions targeting parents with cancer on their mental health, quality of life, their children's well-being, and family functioning. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for relevant articles published from 2006 to 2023. The methodological aspects of eleven studies from diverse countries were critically evaluated. RESULTS The review included 496 parents, primarily female breast cancer patients, and their children. Narrative synthesis highlighted interventions that aimed to strengthen parent-child connection (Enhancing Connection (EC)), enhance family communication, improve psychological well-being of parents (Struggle for Life Intervention), and address children's mental health (Wonders and Worries (W&W)). Additionally, interventions like Cancer PEPSONE Program (CPP) aimed to expand social networks and support systems. These interventions demonstrated success in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms, parenting stress, and mitigating children's externalizing and internalizing problems. However, they were not exempt from methodological limitations such as participant selection bias, lack of blinding, and low follow-up rates. CONCLUSIONS Based on the review, psychological support for parents with cancer is an emerging field, predominantly explored in Western countries with a significant emphasis on maternal experiences. The early stage of this field and inherent methodological limitations warrant cautious interpretation of these findings and further research for comprehensive understanding and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Worku Animaw Temesgen
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hailey Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Cho Lee Wong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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Chong YY, Kwan JYM, Yau PT, Cheng HY, Chien WT. Roles of Parental Psychological Flexibility, Self-Compassion, and Self-Efficacy in Affecting Mental Health and Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Eczema. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2708. [PMID: 37893783 PMCID: PMC10606052 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents of young children with eczema often experience adverse mental health consequences, including depression, anxiety, stress, and a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), due to the unpredictable nature of flare-ups and exacerbations. This study investigated the roles of psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and self-efficacy in fostering parental mental health outcomes and HRQoL while caring for children diagnosed with eczema. Baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial examining the effects of a family acceptance-and-commitment-therapy-based eczema management program (FACT-EMP) on parent-child dyads affected by eczema (N = 110 dyads, 75.5% mothers; 66.4% boys) were analyzed using adjusted hierarchical regression analyses. The findings indicate that psychological inflexibility was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, and HRQoL. Self-compassion was significantly linked to all assessed mental health outcomes, whereas self-efficacy showed a significant association only with symptoms of depression. These results underscore the significance of promoting parental psychological flexibility and self-compassion through acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-based approaches to enhance mental health and quality of life while managing children's eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.Y.M.K.); (P.T.Y.); (H.Y.C.); (W.T.C.)
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Chong YY, Frey E, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Gloster AT. The role of psychological flexibility in the relationships between burnout, job satisfaction, and mental health among nurses in combatting COVID-19: A two-region survey. J Nurs Scholarsh 2023; 55:1068-1081. [PMID: 36610054 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is adversely impacting the mental health and well-being of frontline nurses worldwide. It is therefore important to understand how such impact can be mitigated, including by studying psychological capacities that could help the nurses regulate and minimize the impact. AIM To examine the role of psychological flexibility in mitigating the adverse impacts of burnout and low job satisfaction on mental health problems (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress) and well-being among the frontline nurses in Hong Kong and Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Cross-sectional, two-region survey study. METHOD Four hundred fifty-two nurses from Hong Kong (n = 158) and Switzerland (n = 294) completed an online survey. An adjusted structured equation model was used to examine the interrelationship of the constructs. RESULTS Psychological flexibility was found to partially mediate the effects of job satisfaction on mental well-being (β = 0.32, 95% CI [0.19, 0.57], p = 0.001) and mental health problems (β = -0.79, 95% CI [-1.57, -0.44], p = 0.001), respectively. Similarly, this partial mediation was found in the effects of burnout on mental well-being (β = -0.35, 95% CI [-0.89, -0.15], p = 0.002) and mental health problems (β = 0.89, 95% CI [0.48, 3.65], p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Psychological flexibility could be a crucial psychological resilience factor against the adverse impact of nurses' burnout on their mental health problems and well-being during COVID-19. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Organizational measures should focus on fostering psychological flexibility in nurses through highly accessible, brief psychotherapeutic interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, to reduce the impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eveline Frey
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew T Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Lamnisos D, Ļubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Aydin G, Ruiz FJ, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando-Posada DP, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Neto DD, da Silva AN, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Blarrina MP, Montesinos F, Salas SV, Őri D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Gloster AT, Kassianos AP, Karekla M. Predictors of changing patterns of adherence to containment measures during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic: an international longitudinal study. Global Health 2023; 19:25. [PMID: 37069677 PMCID: PMC10106884 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying common factors that affect public adherence to COVID-19 containment measures can directly inform the development of official public health communication strategies. The present international longitudinal study aimed to examine whether prosociality, together with other theoretically derived motivating factors (self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, perceived social support) predict the change in adherence to COVID-19 containment strategies. METHOD In wave 1 of data collection, adults from eight geographical regions completed online surveys beginning in April 2020, and wave 2 began in June and ended in September 2020. Hypothesized predictors included prosociality, self-efficacy in following COVID-19 containment measures, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19 and perceived social support. Baseline covariates included age, sex, history of COVID-19 infection and geographical regions. Participants who reported adhering to specific containment measures, including physical distancing, avoidance of non-essential travel and hand hygiene, were classified as adherence. The dependent variable was the category of adherence, which was constructed based on changes in adherence across the survey period and included four categories: non-adherence, less adherence, greater adherence and sustained adherence (which was designated as the reference category). RESULTS In total, 2189 adult participants (82% female, 57.2% aged 31-59 years) from East Asia (217 [9.7%]), West Asia (246 [11.2%]), North and South America (131 [6.0%]), Northern Europe (600 [27.4%]), Western Europe (322 [14.7%]), Southern Europe (433 [19.8%]), Eastern Europe (148 [6.8%]) and other regions (96 [4.4%]) were analyzed. Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that prosociality, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 were significant factors affecting adherence. Participants with greater self-efficacy at wave 1 were less likely to become non-adherence at wave 2 by 26% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.77; P < .001), while those with greater prosociality at wave 1 were less likely to become less adherence at wave 2 by 23% (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.79; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that in addition to emphasizing the potential severity of COVID-19 and the potential susceptibility to contact with the virus, fostering self-efficacy in following containment strategies and prosociality appears to be a viable public health education or communication strategy to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jeļena Ļubenko
- Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Gökçen Aydin
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Francisco J Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Department of Psychiatry II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dias Neto
- ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioAPPsyCI - Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CICPSI - Centro de Investigação Em Ciência Psicológica. Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dorottya Őri
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Iva Ivanović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - David Gosar
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Rhonda M Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew T Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelos P Kassianos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Fung HW, Chan C, Chien WT, Chong YY, Ross CA. The Acceptability and Potential Benefits of a Web-Based Psychoeducation Program for People with Pathological Dissociation: A Pilot Evaluation Study. J Trauma Dissociation 2023; 24:95-110. [PMID: 36050905 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2119457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathological dissociation is a common trauma-related condition and is associated with considerable health and social care needs. People with pathological dissociation typically require psychosocial interventions, but there are many challenges in providing such interventions for this vulnerable population. An important question that remains unexplored is whether web-based interventions are acceptable and beneficial for people with pathological dissociation. This paper reports the findings of a pilot evaluation study of a web-based psychoeducation program for people with pathological dissociation. A total of 80 participants were included. The preliminary findings revealed that: most participants were satisfied with the web-based program (e.g., most participants agreed that the program helped them understand [94.1%] and manage [66.7%] their mental health conditions and remain hopeful for recovery [78.4%]); and participants had improvements in symptom management (large effect; partial eta squared = .143) and self-esteem (medium-to-large effect; partial eta squared = .111) after the program. However, no improvements in clinical symptoms were observed on measures of post-traumatic or dissociative symptoms. The dropout rate at posttest was 36.3%. This is one of the first studies that evaluated web-based interventions for people with pathological dissociation. Although the web-based program is well-accepted by the participants and might be associated with some potential benefits, the limitations of this pilot study should be acknowledged. Implications are discussed in terms of the directions for future developments of the program and the needs for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang Fung
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chitat Chan
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Colin A Ross
- The Colin A. Ross Institute for Psychological Trauma, Richardson, Texas, USA
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Jin X, Li H, Chong YY, Mann KF, Yao W, Wong CL. Feasibility and preliminary effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing psychological distress and improving the quality of life of the parents of children with cancer: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Psychooncology 2023; 32:165-169. [PMID: 35460318 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Jin
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fai Mann
- School of Continuing and Professional Education, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenying Yao
- Nursing Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cho Lee Wong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Lee RLT, Chien WT, Stubbs M, Cheng WLS, Chiu DCS, Fung KHK, Cheng HY, Chong YY, Tang ACY. Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Healthcare Professionals and Community Stakeholders in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14499. [PMID: 36361376 PMCID: PMC9656568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptance of vaccination in both healthcare professionals and the general public in the community is vital for efficacious control of the virus. Vaccine acceptance associates with many factors. Little research has been dedicated to examining attitudes and behaviors of healthcare professionals and community stakeholders regarding COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Hong Kong. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was sent between February and April 2021 (N = 512). Multivariable regression modeling was used to identify associated variables with outcomes using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Two demographic variables-age group of over 40 years old (40-59: ORm = 3.157, 95% CI = 2.090-4.467; 60 or over: ORm = 6.606, 95% CI = 2.513-17.360) and those who had previously received a flu vaccination (ORm = 1.537, 95% CI = 1.047-2.258)-were found to be associated with high vaccine intent. Adjusting for these two variables, the results showed that five factors on knowledge variables as perceived benefits for vaccine intent were statistically significant: "Closed area and social gathering are the major ways of SAR-CoV-2 transmission" (AOR = 4.688, 95% CI = 1.802-12.199), "The vaccine can strengthen my immunity against COVID-19, so as to reduce the chance of being infected with it" (AOR = 2.983, 95% CI = 1.904-4.674), "The vaccine can lower the risk of transmitting the viruses to my family and friends" (AOR = 2.276, 95% CI = 1.508-3.436), "The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh its harm" (AOR = 3.913, 95% CI = 2.618-5.847) and "Vaccination is an effective way to prevent COVID-19" (AOR = 3.810, 95% CI = 2.535-5.728). CONCLUSIONS High vaccine intent was associated with age and having previously received a flu vaccination. Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals and community stakeholders were associated with high vaccine intent. Training and continuing education programs for healthcare providers and community stakeholders focusing on the delivery of evidence-based data on the benefits of vaccination campaigns for populations to increase the vaccination rates is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Lai Tong Lee
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle Stubbs
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Kyu HH, Vongpradith A, Sirota SB, Novotney A, Troeger CE, Doxey MC, Bender RG, Ledesma JR, Biehl MH, Albertson SB, Frostad JJ, Burkart K, Bennitt FB, Zhao JT, Gardner WM, Hagins H, Bryazka D, Dominguez RMV, Abate SM, Abdelmasseh M, Abdoli A, Abdoli G, Abedi A, Abedi V, Abegaz TM, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abtew YD, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Zaid A, Adamu K, Addo IY, Adegboye OA, Adnan M, Adnani QES, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad AR, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed JQ, Ahmed Rashid T, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Al Hamad H, Albano L, Aldeyab MA, Alemu BM, Alene KA, Algammal AM, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alhassan RK, Ali BA, Ali L, Ali MM, Ali SS, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Al-Jumaily A, Aljunid SM, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Rifai RHH, AlRyalat SAS, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Ameyaw EK, Aminian Dehkordi JJ, Amuasi JH, Amugsi DA, Anbesu EW, Ansar A, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Areda D, Argaw AM, Argaw ZG, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Asemahagn MA, Athari SS, Atlaw D, Attia EF, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Awoke T, Ayana TM, Ayanore MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari S, Azari Jafari A, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagherieh S, Baig AA, Banach M, Banerjee I, Bardhan M, Barone-Adesi F, Barqawi HJ, Barrow A, Bashiri A, Bassat Q, Batiha AMM, Belachew AB, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhatt P, Bhojaraja VS, Bhutta ZA, Bhuyan SS, Bijani A, Bitaraf S, Bodicha BBA, Briko NI, Buonsenso D, Butt MH, Cai J, Camargos P, Cámera LA, Chakraborty PA, Chanie MG, Charan J, Chattu VK, Ching PR, Choi S, Chong YY, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury EK, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Cobb NL, Cohen AJ, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dagnaw FT, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dao ATM, Debela SA, Demisse B, Demisse FW, Demissie S, Dereje D, Desai HD, Desta AA, Desye B, Dhingra S, Diao N, Diaz D, Digesa LE, Doan LP, Dodangeh M, Dongarwar D, Dorostkar F, dos Santos WM, Dsouza HL, Dubljanin E, Durojaiye OC, Edinur HA, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Desouky ED, El Sayed I, El Sayed Zaki M, Elhadi M, Elkhapery AMR, Emami A, Engelbert Bain L, Erkhembayar R, Etaee F, Ezati Asar M, Fagbamigbe AF, Falahi S, Fallahzadeh A, Faraj A, Faraon EJA, Fatehizadeh A, Ferrara P, Ferrari AA, Fetensa G, Fischer F, Flavel J, Foroutan M, Gaal PA, Gaidhane AM, Gaihre S, Galehdar N, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Garg T, Gebrehiwot MD, Gebremichael MA, Gela YY, Gemeda BNB, Gessner BD, Getachew M, Getie A, Ghamari SH, Ghasemi Nour M, Ghashghaee A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Gholizadeh A, Ghosh R, Ghozy S, Goleij P, Golitaleb M, Gorini G, Goulart AC, Goyomsa GG, Guadie HA, Gudisa Z, Guled RA, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Guta A, Habibzadeh P, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamidi S, Hannan MA, Harorani M, Hasaballah AI, Hasani H, Hassan AM, Hassani S, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Hassankhani H, Hayat K, Heibati B, Heidari M, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Holla R, Hong SH, Horita N, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Househ M, Hoveidamanesh S, Huang J, Hussein NR, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Ismail NE, Iwagami M, Jaafari J, Jamshidi E, Jang SI, Javadi Mamaghani A, Javaheri T, Javanmardi F, Javidnia J, Jayapal SK, Jayarajah U, Jayaram S, Jema AT, Jeong W, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, K V, Kabir Z, Kacimi SEO, Kadashetti V, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamath A, Kamble BD, Kandel H, Kanko TK, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karkhah S, Kassa BG, Katoto PDMC, Kaur H, Kaur RJ, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan IA, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khan YH, Khatatbeh MM, Khosravifar M, Khubchandani J, Kim MS, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissoon N, Knibbs LD, Kochhar S, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Korshunov VA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kurmi OP, Kuttikkattu A, Lal DK, Lám J, Landires I, Ledda C, Lee SW, Levi M, Lewycka S, Liu G, Liu W, Lodha R, Lorenzovici L, Lotfi M, Loureiro JA, Madadizadeh F, Mahmoodpoor A, Mahmoudi R, Mahmoudimanesh M, Majidpoor J, Makki A, Malakan Rad E, Malik AA, Mallhi TH, Manla Y, Matei CN, Mathioudakis AG, Maude RJ, Mehrabi Nasab E, Melese A, Memish ZA, Mendoza-Cano O, Mentis AFA, Meretoja TJ, Merid MW, Mestrovic T, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Mijena GFW, Minh LHN, Mir SA, Mirfakhraie R, Mirmoeeni S, Mirza AZ, Mirza M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Misganaw AS, Misganaw AT, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi M, Mohammed A, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mohseni M, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moniruzzaman M, Montazeri F, Moore CE, Moradi A, Morawska L, Mosser JF, Mostafavi E, Motaghinejad M, Mousavi Isfahani H, Mousavi-Aghdas SA, Mubarik S, Murillo-Zamora E, Mustafa G, Nair S, Nair TS, Najafi H, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nejadghaderi SA, Nguyen HVN, Niazi RK, Nogueira de Sá AT, Nouraei H, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Okati-Aliabad H, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Olufadewa II, Omar Bali A, Omer E, Oren E, Ota E, Otstavnov N, Oulhaj A, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pakzad R, Palicz T, Pandey A, Pant S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Pashazadeh Kan F, Paudel R, Pawar S, Peng M, Pereira G, Perna S, Perumalsamy N, Petcu IR, Pigott DM, Piracha ZZ, Podder V, Polibin RV, Postma MJ, Pourasghari H, Pourtaheri N, Qadir MMF, Raad M, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Raeghi S, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman A, Rahman MO, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmanian V, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranasinghe P, Rani U, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi MM, Rasul A, Ratan ZA, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Redwan EMM, Reitsma MB, Renzaho AMN, Rezaeian M, Riad A, Rikhtegar R, Rodriguez JAB, Rogowski ELB, Ronfani L, Rudd KE, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeed U, Safary A, Safi SZ, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Sakhamuri S, Salehi S, Salman M, Samadi Kafil H, Samy AM, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sao Jose BP, Sarkhosh M, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Saya GK, Seidu AA, Seylani A, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shamshad H, Sharew MM, Sharhani A, Sharifi A, Sharma P, Sheidaei A, Shenoy SM, Shetty JK, Shiferaw DS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shirzad-Aski H, Shivakumar KM, Shivalli S, Shobeiri P, Simegn W, Simpson CR, Singh H, Singh JA, Singh P, Siwal SS, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Song S, Song Y, Sood P, Sreeramareddy CT, Steiropoulos P, Suleman M, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tahamtan A, Taheri M, Taheri Soodejani M, Taki E, Talaat IM, Tampa M, Tandukar S, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tefera YM, Temesgen G, Temsah MH, Tesfaye A, Tesfaye DG, Tessema B, Thapar R, Ticoalu JHV, Tiyuri A, Tleyjeh II, Togtmol M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tufa DG, Ullah I, Upadhyay E, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Valizadeh R, Vardavas C, Vasankari TJ, Vo B, Vu LG, Wagaye B, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Waris A, West TE, Wickramasinghe ND, Xu X, Yaghoubi S, Yahya GAT, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Zaman BA, Zandifar A, Zangiabadian M, Zar HJ, Zare I, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zarrintan A, Zastrozhin MS, Zeng W, Zhang M, Zhang ZJ, Zhong C, Zoladl M, Zumla A, Lim SS, Vos T, Naghavi M, Brauer M, Hay SI, Murray CJL. Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1626-1647. [PMID: 35964613 PMCID: PMC9605880 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. METHODS In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466-469, 470.0, 480-482.8, 483.0-483.9, 484.1-484.2, 484.6-484.7, and 487-489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4-B97.6, J09-J15.8, J16-J16.9, J20-J21.9, J91.0, P23.0-P23.4, and U04-U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age-sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age-sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. FINDINGS Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240-275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217-248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18-1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07-1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16-1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23-1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4-131·1]) and deaths (100·0% [83·4-115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (-70·7% [-77·2 to -61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7-61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7-65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5-14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6-35·5] for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3-35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4% (95% UI 15·4-25·2) in those aged 15-49 years, 30·5% (24·1-36·9) in those aged 50-69 years, and 21·9% (16·8-27·3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1% (95% UI 14·5-27·9) in those aged 15-49 years and 18·2% (12·5-24·5) in those aged 50-69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2-15·8) of LRI deaths. INTERPRETATION The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Haller E, Lubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Aydın G, Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Ruiz FJ, García-Martín MB, Obando-Posada DP, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Dias Neto D, da Silva AN, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Paez-Blarrina M, Montesinos F, Valdivia-Salas S, Ori D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Karekla M, Kassianos AP, Gloster AT. To Help or Not to Help? Prosocial Behavior, Its Association With Well-Being, and Predictors of Prosocial Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 12:775032. [PMID: 35222147 PMCID: PMC8877810 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.775032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants (N = 9,496) from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Haller
- Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Elisa Haller,
| | - Jelena Lubenko
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Kore University Behavioral Lab, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Kore University Behavioral Lab, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Gökçen Aydın
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Vasilis S. Vasiliou
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University (UBB), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dias Neto
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dorottya Ori
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bartosz Kleszcz
- Bartosz Kleszcz Psychotherapy and Training, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Iva Ivanović
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute for Children’s Diseases, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - David Gosar
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, CA, United States
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Kassianos AP, Georgiou A, Kyprianidou M, Lamnisos D, Ļubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Aydin G, Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Ruiz FJ, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando D, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Neto DD, da Silva AN, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Blarrina MP, Montesinos F, Salas SV, Őri D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Chatzittofis A, Konstantinou E, Economidou S, Gloster AT, Karekla M, Constantinidou A. Mental Health and Adherence to COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International, Multinational Cross-Sectional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6294. [PMID: 34944913 PMCID: PMC8699048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the first COVID-19 wave, to examine the impact of COVID-19 on mental health using an anonymous online survey, enrolling 9565 individuals in 78 countries. The current sub-study examined the impact of the pandemic and the associated lockdown measures on the mental health, and protective behaviors of cancer patients in comparison to non-cancer participants. Furthermore, 264 participants from 30 different countries reported being cancer patients. The median age was 51.5 years, 79.9% were female, and 28% had breast cancer. Cancer participants reported higher self-efficacy to follow recommended national guidelines regarding COVID-19 protective behaviors compared to non-cancer participants (p < 0.01). They were less stressed (p < 0.01), more psychologically flexible (p < 0.01), and had higher levels of positive affect compared to non-cancer participants. Amongst cancer participants, the majority (80.3%) reported COVID-19, not their cancer, as their priority during the first wave of the pandemic and females reported higher levels of stress compared to males. In conclusion, cancer participants appeared to have handled the unpredictable nature of the first wave of the pandemic efficiently, with a positive attitude towards an unknown and otherwise frightening situation. Larger, cancer population specific and longitudinal studies are warranted to ensure adequate medical and psychological care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos P. Kassianos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.P.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexandros Georgiou
- Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (A.G.); (E.K.); (S.E.)
| | - Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | - Jeļena Ļubenko
- Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Human and Social Sciences Department, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy; (G.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Human and Social Sciences Department, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy; (G.P.); (V.S.)
| | | | - Christiana Nicolaou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3041, Cyprus;
| | | | - Gökçen Aydin
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27010, Turkey;
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.Y.C.); (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.Y.C.); (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.Y.C.); (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 140013, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.B.G.-M.); (D.O.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Maria B. Garcia-Martin
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 140013, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.B.G.-M.); (D.O.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Diana Obando
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 140013, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.B.G.-M.); (D.O.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Miguel A. Segura-Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 140013, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.B.G.-M.); (D.O.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Vasilis S. Vasiliou
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork (UCC), T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - David Dias Neto
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Department of Psychology, University of Lisbon, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | | | - Francisco Montesinos
- Instituto ACT, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dorottya Őri
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Iva Ivanović
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute for Children’s Diseases, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - David Gosar
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | | | | | - Sofia Economidou
- Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (A.G.); (E.K.); (S.E.)
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Anastasia Constantinidou
- Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (A.G.); (E.K.); (S.E.)
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
- Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
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Wai YZ, Ng QX, Adnan TH, Chong YY, Mohamad AS, Goh PP. Interocular optical biometry differences as predictors of postoperative cataract surgery refractive outcomes: A retrospective cohort study. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:884-892. [PMID: 34806678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have reported the impact of preoperative interocular discrepancy in optical biometry (axial length, corneal power, white-to-white, central corneal thickness) on postoperative refractive outcomes. This study aims to investigate any predictive value of preoperative optical biometry differences between eyes on postoperative refractive outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients who have undergone optical biometry measurement before unilateral phacoemulsification in the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia from 2018 to 2020. Biometry data of interest includes axial length (AL), keratometry(K), white-to-white (WTW) and central corneal thickness (CCT). The postoperative outcomes of interest were the patient's preoperative refractive target, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), postoperative refractive outcomes, and optical biometry prediction error. RESULTS The interocular biometry discrepancies which were associated with higher odds of prediction error >0.5D from the refractive target were Interocular Corneal Power Difference (IKD)-average≥0.8 D (Odds Ratio, OR=1.97; 95% Confidence Intervals, 95%CI: 1.06, 3.67) and Interocular WTW Difference ≥1.5 mm (OR=2.77; 95%CI: 1.11, 6.92). In cases with prediction error >1.0D, the measurements were Interocular AL Difference ≥0.4 mm (OR=2.99; 95%CI: 1.11, 8.06), IKD flat≥0.4D (OR=2.76; 95%CI: 1.31, 5.82) and Interocular CCT Difference ≥15μm (OR=3.53; 95%CI: 1.29, 9.64). CONCLUSION Interocular axial length difference ≥0.4mm and interocular central corneal thickness difference ≥15μm are associated with refractive error >1.0D from the pre-operative target. Interocular average corneal power difference ≥0.8D and interocular white-to-white difference ≥1.5mm have higher odds of refractive drift >0.5D from the refractive aim. The above cutoff values help clinicians to identify which patients have a higher risk of refractive shift post-cataract surgery and counsel the patient before cataract operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Wai
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Q X Ng
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - T H Adnan
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y Y Chong
- Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy University, Faculty of Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A S Mohamad
- Selayang Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P P Goh
- Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nicolaou C, Menikou J, Lamnisos D, Lubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Papacostas S, Aydın G, Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Ruiz FJ, Segura-Vargas MA, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando-Posada DP, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Neto DD, da Silva AN, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Paez-Blarrina M, Montesinos F, Valdivia-Salas S, Ori D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Kassianos AP, Karekla M, Gloster AT. Mental Health Status of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak. European Journal of Psychology Open 2021. [DOI: 10.1024/2673-8627/a000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a massive health crisis that has exerted enormous physical and psychological pressure. Mental healthcare for healthcare workers (HCWs) should receive serious consideration. This study served to determine the mental-health outcomes of 1,556 HCWs from 45 countries who participated in the COVID-19 IMPACT project, and to examine the predictors of the outcomes during the first pandemic wave. Methods: Outcomes assessed were self-reported perceived stress, depression symptom, and sleep changes. The predictors examined included sociodemographic factors and perceived social support. Results: The results demonstrated that half of the HCWs had moderate levels of perceived stress and symptoms of depression. Half of the HCWs ( n = 800, 51.4%) had similar sleeping patterns since the pandemic started, and one in four slept more or slept less. HCWs reported less perceived stress and depression symptoms and higher levels of perceived social support than the general population who participated in the same project. Predictors associated with higher perceived stress and symptoms of depression among HCWs included female sex, not having children, living with parents, lower educational level, and lower social support. Discussion: The need for establishing ways to mitigate mental-health risks and adjusting psychological interventions and support for HCWs seems to be significant as the pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Nicolaou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Joanna Menikou
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jelena Lubenko
- Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Italy
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Italy
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Gokcen Aydın
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz
- Faculty of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dias Neto
- ISPA – Instituto Universitário; APPsyCI – Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dorottya Ori
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Iva Ivanović
- Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Institute for Children’s diseases, Department for Child Psychiatry, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - David Gosar
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angelos P. Kassianos
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Lamnisos D, Ļubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Aydin G, Ruiz FJ, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando-Posada DP, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Neto DD, da Silva AN, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Blarrina MP, Montesinos F, Salas SV, Őri D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Gloster AT, Karekla M, Kassianos AP. Patterns of Psychological Responses among the Public during the Early Phase of COVID-19: A Cross-Regional Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4143. [PMID: 33919888 PMCID: PMC8070933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the mediation of psychological flexibility, prosociality and coping in the impacts of illness perceptions toward COVID-19 on mental health among seven regions. Convenience sampled online survey was conducted between April and June 2020 from 9130 citizens in 21 countries. Illness perceptions toward COVID-19, psychological flexibility, prosociality, coping and mental health, socio-demographics, lockdown-related variables and COVID-19 status were assessed. Results showed that psychological flexibility was the only significant mediator in the relationship between illness perceptions toward COVID-19 and mental health across all regions (all ps = 0.001-0.021). Seeking social support was the significant mediator across subgroups (all ps range = <0.001-0.005) except from the Hong Kong sample (p = 0.06) and the North and South American sample (p = 0.53). No mediation was found for problem-solving (except from the Northern European sample, p = 0.009). Prosociality was the significant mediator in the Hong Kong sample (p = 0.016) and the Eastern European sample (p = 0.008). These findings indicate that fostering psychological flexibility may help to mitigate the adverse mental impacts of COVID-19 across regions. Roles of seeking social support, problem-solving and prosociality vary across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.T.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Jeļena Ļubenko
- Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (G.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (G.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Christiana Nicolaou
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | | | - Gökçen Aydin
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27010, Turkey;
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà 110231, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Maria B. Garcia-Martin
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Sabana, Chía 53753, Colombia; (M.B.G.-M.); (D.P.O.-P.)
| | - Diana P. Obando-Posada
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Sabana, Chía 53753, Colombia; (M.B.G.-M.); (D.P.O.-P.)
| | - Miguel A. Segura-Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà 110231, Colombia; (F.J.R.); (M.A.S.-V.)
| | - Vasilis S. Vasiliou
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB), 400095 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - David Dias Neto
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - Dorottya Őri
- Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Department of Mental Health, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Bartosz Kleszcz
- Bartosz Kleszcz Psychotherapy and Training, ul. Aleja Zwycięstwa 31/8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Iva Ivanović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Montenegro, 81110 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - David Gosar
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada;
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.K.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Angelos P. Kassianos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.K.); (A.P.K.)
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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17
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Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Kassianos AP, Gloster AT, Karekla M. Can psychological flexibility and prosociality mitigate illness perceptions toward COVID-19 on mental health? A cross-sectional study among Hong Kong adults. Global Health 2021; 17:43. [PMID: 33832501 PMCID: PMC8027974 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on public mental health can be persistent and substantial over a long period of time, but little is known regarding what psychological factors or processes can buffer such impact. The present study aimed to examine the mediating roles of coping, psychological flexibility and prosociality in the impacts of perceived illness threats toward COVID-19 on mental health. METHOD Five-hundred and fourteen Hong Kong citizens (18 years or above) completed an online survey to measure illness perceptions toward COVID-19, coping, psychological flexibility, prosociality, and mental health, together with their socio-demographic variables. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the explanatory model that was the best-fit to illustrate the relationships between these constructs. RESULTS Serial mediation structural equation model showed that only psychological flexibility (unstandardised beta coefficient, β = - 0.12, 95% CI [- 0.20, - 0.02], p = 0.031) and prosociality (unstandardised β = 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.08], p = 0.001) fully mediated the relationship between illness perceptions toward COVID-19 and mental health. In addition, psychological flexibility exerted a direct effect on prosociality (standardised β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.12, 0.32], p < 0.001). This best-fit model explained 62% of the variance of mental health. CONCLUSIONS Fostering psychological flexibility and prosocial behaviour may play significant roles in mitigating the adverse effects of COVID-19 and its perceived threats on public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Angelos P Kassianos
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrew T Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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18
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Ngan HY, Chong YY, Chien WT. Effects of mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions on diabetes distress and glycaemic level in people with type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14525. [PMID: 33438251 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM For people with type 2 diabetes, self management and fear of disease complication often cause psychological distress. Mindfulness and acceptance might be beneficial for reducing diabetes-related distress and glycaemic level. We systematically review the effects of mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions on diabetes distress and glycaemic level in community-dwelling adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Seven electronic databases (English and Chinese) were searched comprehensively from inception to June 2020. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria. RESULTS Nine RCTs (801 participants) examining the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction and self-directed mindfulness practice were included. In the reviewed RCTs, the majority of participants (mean age: 50-66 years, average disease duration: 4-10 years) had suboptimal diabetes control (HbA1c >7.0%, 53 mmol/mol). Compared with controls, the interventions significantly reduced diabetes distress (standardised mean difference, SMD = -0.37, 95% confidence intervals, CI: -0.63, -0.12; p < 0.01) and HbA1c (mean difference, MD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.04; p = 0.03) up to 1-month post-intervention. However, the underpowered studies may have led to overestimation, the interventions for diabetes distress and HbA1c were heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS Within evidenced-based diabetes education programmes, mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches may reduce distress and HbA1c levels and promote self care in people with type 2 diabetes. Further controlled trials are recommended to examine the clinical effectiveness of such programmes for people with type 2 diabetes of diverse clinical, cultural and socio-demographic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau Yi Ngan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Jin X, Wong CL, Li H, Chen J, Chong YY, Bai Y. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychological and behavioural changes among parents of children with chronic health conditions: A systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:3020-3033. [PMID: 33626192 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically identify the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy among parents of children with chronic health conditions and determine its effectiveness in parental psychological flexibility, psychological distress and parenting behaviour. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Nine databases (i.e. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang Data) were systematically searched from inception to October 2019. REVIEW METHODS Quality of studies was appraised by using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Findings were synthesized narratively. This work was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement. RESULTS Eight studies involving 485 parents were included. Results indicated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy significantly improved parental psychological flexibility and reduced psychological distress compared with usual care and waitlist, but was not significantly different from active treatments. Limited studies have provided very preliminary evidence that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can significantly improve dysfunctional parenting behaviour than usual care and waitlist. High attrition rate at follow-up made the overall confidence of maintained effect relatively low. CONCLUSION This review provides preliminary evidence that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is beneficial for improving psychological flexibility, psychological distress and parenting behaviour among parents of children with chronic health conditions. Future studies with rigorous designs and large sample sizes are warranted to verify the evidence and explore its long-term efficacy. IMPACT Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has been increasingly applied to parents of children with chronic health conditions. This review provides positive evidence of its effects on psychological and behavioural outcomes among these parents. This work will help healthcare professionals and researchers with their practice and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Jin
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cho Lee Wong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jieling Chen
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Bai
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Li H, Wong CL, Jin X, Chen J, Chong YY, Bai Y. Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on health-related outcomes for patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 115:103876. [PMID: 33517079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced cancer is an incurable and life-threatening disease that poses a major challenge to patients' psychological and physical well-being. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is a mindfulness-based behavioural therapy for managing health outcomes and inducing health-related behaviour changes. However, the components and modality of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and its effectiveness on health outcomes for patients with advanced cancer remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to identify the main content, delivery mode, dosage and duration of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and to systematically summarise evidence regarding its application in patients with advanced cancer for improving physical and psychological outcomes and health-related quality of life. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, British Nursing Index, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WANFANG Data were searched to identify eligible clinical trials. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of each study and extracted data. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Narrative synthesis was used to present the findings of this review. RESULTS Six studies involving 261 participants were included in this review, including five randomised control trials and one with a pretest-posttest design. Two out of the five studies reported Acceptance and Commitment Therapy significantly reduced depressive symptoms and psychological distress post-intervention with a large effect size compared with usual care. One study indicated significant improvements in anxiety, sleep characteristics and health-related quality of life with a large effect size post-intervention. Non-significant changes in fatigue and pain were found. Intervention programmes with no more than four sessions had high adherence rates. CONCLUSION Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may be a beneficial way to improve depressive symptoms, anxiety, psychological distress, sleep characteristics and health-related quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. However, limited studies, small sample size and methodological heterogeneity weaken the evidence. More rigorous research using brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy programmes should be conducted within larger samples to further confirm the effectiveness and evaluate its long-term effect on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Cho Lee Wong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xiaohuan Jin
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jieling Chen
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yang Bai
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Gloster AT, Lamnisos D, Lubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Aydın G, Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Ruiz FJ, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando-Posada DP, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Dias Neto D, Nunes da Silva A, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Paez-Blarrina M, Montesinos F, Valdivia-Salas S, Ori D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Kassianos AP, Karekla M. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244809. [PMID: 33382859 PMCID: PMC7774914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244809 10.1371/journal.pone.0244809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9,565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors. RESULTS Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jelena Lubenko
- Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Gökçen Aydın
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà, Columbia
| | | | | | | | | | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dias Neto
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Instituto Universitário; APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dorottya Ori
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Iva Ivanović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - David Gosar
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovania
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Gloster AT, Lamnisos D, Lubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Aydın G, Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Ruiz FJ, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando-Posada DP, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, Höfer S, Baban A, Dias Neto D, Nunes da Silva A, Monestès JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Paez-Blarrina M, Montesinos F, Valdivia-Salas S, Ori D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanović I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Kassianos AP, Karekla M. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244809. [PMID: 33382859 PMCID: PMC7774914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9,565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors. RESULTS Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jelena Lubenko
- Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Giovambattista Presti
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Valeria Squatrito
- Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Gökçen Aydın
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà, Columbia
| | | | | | | | | | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dias Neto
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Instituto Universitário; APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Javier Alvarez-Galvez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dorottya Ori
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Iva Ivanović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - David Gosar
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovania
| | - Frederick Dionne
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Chong YY, Mak YW, Loke AY. The role of parental psychological flexibility in childhood asthma management: An analysis of cross-lagged panel models. J Psychosom Res 2020; 137:110208. [PMID: 32798834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a secondary analysis of a previously reported randomized controlled trial, aimed at examining the mediating role of parental psychological flexibility (PF) in an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based childhood asthma management program for parents. METHODS The participants were 168 parents (mean age (SD) = 38.40 (5.90) years; 88.1% mothers) and their children who had been diagnosed with asthma (mean age (SD) = 6.81 (2.50) years; 62% boys). They were randomly allocated to either the program composed of a four-session, group-based ACT plus asthma education (ACT Group) or to a group-based asthma education talk plus three telephone follow-ups (Control Group). The parents underwent assessments at baseline, and immediately, 3-months, and 6-months after the intervention for the following outcomes: PF (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II), psychological distress of the parents (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21); and the asthma symptoms and use of inhaled bronchodilators of their children. RESULTS Cross-lagged panel models showed that the improvement in parental PF at post-intervention mediated the effect of ACT on reducing parental psychological distress (all beta coefficients (βs) ranged from -2.20 to - 2.30, all Ps < 0.01) and childhood asthma symptoms in terms of daytime symptoms (β = -0.22, 95% CI [-0.52, -0.02], P = 0.04), nighttime symptoms (β = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.33, -0.02], P = 0.04), and the use of bronchodilators (β = -0.22, 95% CI [-0.48, -0.02], P = 0.03) at 6-months post-intervention. CONCLUSION ACT makes a unique contribution to improving the health outcomes of parents and their children diagnosed with asthma through fostering parental PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Yim Wah Mak
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Yuen Loke
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Yue Lai Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Yeung Shan Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Sirisena D, Chong YY, Chin TY. An unusual presentation of ankylosing spondylitis. Singapore Med J 2020; 61:283-284. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-systemic autoimmune disease with variable levels of activity that may wax and wane within the same patient over the years. In view of the scarcity of data about lupus in the East Malaysian population, we aimed to study the disease activity and damage index in patients with SLE hospitalized in a tertiary center in Sabah, East Malaysia. METHODS We retrospectively studied all patients with SLE admitted from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015. Demographic data, clinical features, treatment received, SLEDAI and SLICC/ACR (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology) criteria and outcomes were collected. RESULTS There were 108 patients studied whereby 88.9% were females. They had a mean age of 31.4 ± 11.02 years at admission and were multiethnic in origin. The mean number of ACR criteria for SLE was 5.03 ± 1.5 at the time of diagnosis. There were 158 hospitalizations during the 3 years. The main causes of hospitalization were flare of SLE (66.5%), infection (57.6%), renal biopsy (15.5%) and others (11.4%). Active nephritis (65%), cutaneous (44.4%) and hematological involvement (40.2%) were the three commonest manifestations. There was concurrent flare of SLE and infection in 41.1% of the admissions. The mean SLEDAI score at admission was 10.8 ± 7.20, with a mean SLEDAI of 9.3 ± 6.9 in those without damage and 11.9 ± 7.21 in those with damage (p-value = 0.026). The median SLICC score was 1 with a mean of 0.93 ± 1.07. There were nine deaths (5.6%) during the study period and all patients were females. Compared with those who survived, they had a significantly higher SLEDAI score of 15.80 ± 8.2 (p-value = 0.0207) and a SLICC score of 2.70 ± 1.6 (p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION SLE is more common among the indigenous population of Sabah, the Kadazan-Dusun, which has not been shown before this study. Disease characteristics were, however, similar to reports from the Asia-Pacific region. Acute flare of SLE and infection remained the main causes of admission and readmissions and was present in 44.4% of the mortalities in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selvananda
- Rheumatology unit, Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - R J Thundyil
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia
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Chien WT, Chow KM, Chong YY, Bressington D, Choi KC, Chan CWH. The Role of Five Facets of Mindfulness in a Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation Intervention for People With Recent-Onset Psychosis on Mental and Psychosocial Health Outcomes. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32218747 PMCID: PMC7078358 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine how five facets of mindfulness may be associated with the changes in psychotic patients' health outcomes after participating in a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group (MBPEG) program. Methods: Longitudinal follow-up data from two pragmatic randomized controlled trials of MBPEG for psychotic patients were used for this study. A total of 124 patients who completed the MBPEG program were included in this analysis. Patient outcomes (psychotic symptoms, functioning, insight into illness/treatment, subjective recovery) and five facets of mindfulness were assessed at baseline and six, 12 and 24 months post-intervention. Areas under the curve of individual outcomes in repeated-measures were computed using trapezoidal method, rescaled to the original possible range of the underlying variable and used for correlation and regression analyses. Results: All mean scores of the five facets increased across time and were significantly correlated with the improvements in all patient outcomes (p-values ranged from <0.001 to <0.05), except "non-judging" facet and symptom severity. Regression analyses revealed that only "observing" and "acting with awareness" were significantly associated with positive changes across all outcomes (increase in adjusted R 2 ranged from 5.9% to 24.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Two facets of mindfulness, "observing" and "acting with awareness," were related to positive outcomes of psychotic patients after participating in the MBPEG. More efforts in addressing these two facets of mindfulness can be considered to increase the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Ming Chow
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Bressington
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Chow Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Wing Han Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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28
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Tan YK, Lai HK, Chong YY. Use of radiosynovectomy in recurrent warfarin-related haemarthrosis in degenerative arthritis. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:e184-e186. [PMID: 21947161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Radiosynovectomy is a local and minimally invasive radiotherapy for treating various chronic inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and haemophilic arthropathy. In haemophilic arthropathy, it reduces the frequency of haemarthrosis and delays the development of severe joint destruction, which ultimately requires surgical intervention. Its role in warfarin-related haemarthrosis is less clear. Haemarthrosis is an uncommon complication of warfarin use, and anticoagulation may need to be discontinued. We describe yttrium-90 radiosynovectomy use in a 74-year-old man with underlying ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, previous embolic stroke and recurrent haemarthrosis of an osteoarthritic right knee. Anticoagulation was vital and could not be permanently stopped. Due to continuing anticoagulation, he had multiple hospitalisations with recurrent right knee haemarthrosis. Intraarticular right knee yttrium-90 citrate colloid injection led to a cessation of haemarthrosis for eight months. We examined the available literature for the role of radiosynovectomy in such circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
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Chong YY, Caballero MR, Lukawska J, Dugué P. Anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia: one-year survey from a British allergy clinic. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:483-487. [PMID: 18581023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia is a major concern. Early recognition and management of anaphylaxis, as well as its future prevention, remain a challenge for the anaesthetists, while for the allergists, the elucidation of the causal agents may be difficult. We aimed to describe our experience in our drug allergy clinic. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 23 consecutive adult patients who presented with anaphylaxis during anaesthesia from March 1, 2005 to February 28, 2006. RESULTS Out of the 23 patients (12 females, 11 males) with mean age (+/- SD) of 53.1 +/- 15.8 years, 15 patients were found to have a positive skin test to at least one neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA); all of them showed cross-sensitivity with one or more NMBA(s). Three patients had a positive skin test to opioids, two patients to gelofusine, two patients to penicillin, and one patient each to povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine. Two patients had negative test results to agents used during their anaesthesia. Four patients had double positive skin tests to different families of drugs/agents. 18 patients had severe reaction-grade 3, and 15 of them tested positive for NMBA(s). Serum tryptase levels were known in nine patients. We did not encounter any latex or hypnotics sensitisation. CONCLUSION NMBA was the commonest cause of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia, occurring in 65% in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore
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Loh LC, Chin HK, Chong YY, Jeyaratnam A, Raman S, Vijayasingham P, Thayaparan T, Kumar S. Klebsiella pneumoniae respiratory isolates from 2000 to 2004 in a Malaysian hospital: characteristics and relation to hospital antibiotics consumption. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:813-8. [PMID: 17728961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Klebsiella pneumoniae ranks high as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients in Malaysia. METHODS A retrospective study of 5,990 clinical respiratory specimens in patients, with a mean age of 54 (standard deviation 18.5) years, admitted to an urban-based general hospital between 2000 and 2004, was conducted. RESULTS The percentages of K. pneumoniae isolates during these years were 11, 19.1, 41.4, 27.8 and 16.6 percent, respectively. During this time, the percentage of isolates resistant to ampicillin were consistently in excess of 80 percent, those resistant to cephalosporins were relatively stable between eight and 23 percent, while those resistant to beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors [amoxicillin clavulanic acid/ ampicillin-sulbactam] and aminoglycosides steadily increased between six and 58 percent. Compared with hospital consumption of these corresponding antibiotic classes, only beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and aminoglycosides showed a clear trend of eight- and four-fold increases, respectively. Co-resistance rates in isolates resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid/ampicillin-sulbactam were generally low to second to third generation cephalosporins (less than 20 percent). CONCLUSION Our local findings highlighted the changing trend in respiratory K. pneumoniae over a five-year period, and its escalating resistance to beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and aminoglycosides that is possibly attributable to the widespread use of these antibiotics in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Loh
- Department of Medicine, Clinical School, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Koster F, Foucar K, Hjelle B, Scott A, Chong YY, Larson R, McCabe M. Rapid presumptive diagnosis of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome by peripheral blood smear review. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116:665-72. [PMID: 11710682 DOI: 10.1309/cnwf-dc72-qymr-m8da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a rare but frequently lethal acute zoonotic viral infection in rural North America. The rapidity of progression from febrile prodrome to cardiogenic shock and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema requiring intensive care creates high diagnostic urgency and a need for a rapid screening tool. In this retrospective cohort study, 2 pathologists scored blinded peripheral blood smears from 52 patients with HCPS and 128 seronegative patients referred for diagnosis of suspected hantavirus infection. During the prodromal phase, thrombocytopenia was the only consistent abnormality and could be used to indicate hantavirus serologic testing. After the onset of pulmonary edema detected radiographically, the presence of 4 of 5 findings (thrombocytopenia, myelocytosis, hemoconcentration, lack of significant toxic granulation in neutrophils, and more than 10% of lymphocytes with immunoblastic morphologic features) has a sensitivity for HCPS of 96% and a specificity of 99% and missed no patients with HCPS who required intensive care. While each abnormality is commonly seen, the combination of at least 4 of these CBC count data and peripheral blood smear findings can guide early treatment and patient transport decisions until rapid, specific, serologic testing becomes widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Koster
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, USA
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Rimsza LM, Larson RS, Winter SS, Foucar K, Chong YY, Garner KW, Leith CP. Benign hematogone-rich lymphoid proliferations can be distinguished from B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia by integration of morphology, immunophenotype, adhesion molecule expression, and architectural features. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 114:66-75. [PMID: 10884801 DOI: 10.1309/lxu4-q7q9-3yab-4qe0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinction of normal B-lymphoid proliferations including precursors known as hematogones from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is critical for disease management. We present a multiparameter assessment of 27 bone marrow samples containing at least 25% hematogones (range, 25%-72%) by morphologic review. We used flow cytometry to evaluate B-cell differentiation antigen and adhesion molecule expression and immunohistochemistry on clot sections to evaluate architectural distribution. Flow cytometry revealed that intermediately differentiated cells (CD19+, CD10+) predominated, followed in frequency by CD20+, surface immunoglobulin-positive cells, with CD34+, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive cells as the smallest subset. Adhesion molecules (CD44, CD54) were expressed more heterogeneously compared with expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CD34+, TdT-positive cells were dispersed without significant clustering, while CD20+ cells exceeded CD34/TdT-positive cells in 24 of 25 cases. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates that hematogone-rich lymphoid proliferations exhibit a spectrum of B-lymphoid differentiation antigen expression with predominance of intermediate and mature B-lineage cells, heterogeneity of adhesion molecule expression, and nonclustered bone marrow architectural distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Rimsza
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Ng KC, Tan AM, Chong YY, Lau LC, Lou J. Congenital acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) with chromosomal t(1;22)(p13;q13) translocation in a set of identical twins. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1999; 21:428-30. [PMID: 10524459 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-199909000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations at t(1;22)(p13;q13) have been reported to occur in a number of infants with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. A set of female twins with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia are reported with this unique translocation of 1p13 to 22q13. The twins presented at 2 months of age with fever and poor feeding and subsequently developed progressive hepatosplenomegaly. One twin died before treatment could be started; the other became septicemic 5 days after initiation of chemotherapy and eventually died.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Diseases in Twins/genetics
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Hepatomegaly
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Splenomegaly
- Translocation, Genetic
- Twins, Monozygotic
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Wong GC, Lee LH, Chong YY. A case report of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in a patient receiving chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. Ann Acad Med Singap 1998; 27:860-3. [PMID: 10101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a neutrophilic dermatosis primarily affecting the eccrine glands and occurs in patients undergoing chemotherapy. It must be distinguished from infections, drug eruptions, leukaemia cutis or other forms of skin diseases. As it is self-limiting, establishing the diagnosis will avoid unnecessary treatment for infections or changes in drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Wong
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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36
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Chong YY, Wong GC, Lau LC, Knight L, Lim P, Lui WO, Yong MH, Goh YT, Tan P. Acute promyelocytic leukemia with a dicentric chromosome involving chromosomes 11, 17, and 18. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998; 105:69-73. [PMID: 9689933 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with dicentric chromosome resulting from translocation of chromosomes 11, 17, and 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chong
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Republic of Singapore
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37
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Lau LC, Knight L, Tien SL, Lim P, Yong MH, Chong YY. Highly complex chromosomal rearrangement of chromosome 9 in a case of chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998; 104:153-6. [PMID: 9666810 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 63-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was found to have a new complex Philadelphia translocation. All of the bone marrow cells had a rearrangement of a five-way translocation, t(9;22;10;12;1), involving a single chromosome 9. The patient went into blast crisis two years after initial diagnosis and the karyotype remained unchanged. He died in blast crisis 10 months later. We believe this case is a unique 5-way translocation in which four chromosomes were translocated to a single chromosome.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Lau
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Republic of Singapore
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Chong YY, Lau LC, Lui WO, Lim P, Lim E, Tan PH, Tan P, Ong YY. A case of t(8;14) with total and partial trisomy 3 in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998; 103:65-7. [PMID: 9595048 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A case of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia with Burkitt-type t(8;14)(q24.1;q32) and total and partial trisomy 3 is reported. This is an unusual combination of chromosomal abnormalities in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chong
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Republic of Singapore
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Yen CF, Lee PW, Chen CC, Lin SF, Chong YY. The binge eating and emotional change in a patient with postinfectious encephalomyelitis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1997; 13:123-6. [PMID: 9099051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postinfectious encephalomyelitis is a kind of demyelinating disease with pathological characteristics and a monophasic clinical course. Herein, we describe a patient who had the symptoms of binge eating, fatigue, memory impairment, hypotalkativeness, hypoactivity, lethargy, incoherent speech, dysphoric mood, and episodic disorientation. Only elevation of CSF protein was noted upon initial admission; however, blurred vision of the eyes developed progressively after discharge. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning of the brain demonstrated scattered lesions of low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high areas on T2-weighted images in the left thalamus, bilateral hypothalamus and midbrain. The findings of MRI image, CSF, and clinical course all suggested postinfectious encephalomyelitis. After a treatment of prednisolone, a follow-up MRI revealed evidence of improvement, and the binge eating also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chong YY, Chew CN, Koh ET, Fock KM. A comparison of clinical and endoscopic features of bleeding and non-bleeding peptic ulcer in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap 1996; 25:496-9. [PMID: 8893917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and seventy-seven consecutive cases of peptic ulcer patients were compared. Of these, 103 presented with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage and 174 presented with pain. The median age of those who bled (53 years) was not significantly higher than those who presented with pain (50 years) (P > 0.05). Bleeding peptic ulcer patients, when compared to non-bleeding ulcer patients, tended to present with a past history of gastrointestinal haemorrhage, have ingested non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and have, at endoscopy, ulcers greater than 1.5 cm in diameter. The site and number of ulcers did not influence the mode of presentation. About 60% of bleeding ulcers were found in the duodenum and this proportion of duodenal ulcers was not significantly different in both groups of patients. Gastric ulcer patients who bled tended to be significantly associated with ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gender and ethnic distribution, smoking and alcohol ingestion were all not associated with the presentation of haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chong
- Department of Medicine Toa Payoh Hospital, Toa Payoh Rise, Singapore
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Abstract
The French-American-British (FAB) classification of acute leukemias is based on the light microscopic detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in blast cells. Cells with MPO activity in > 3% of cells are classified as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and usually express myeloid cell surface antigens. We describe a case of acute leukemia in which the blast cells have lymphoid morphology, ultrastructure, immunophenotype, and molecular rearrangements, but express significant amounts of MPO. We discuss the incidence, features, and outcome of MPO-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wright
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Fock KM, Ng TM, Chong YY, Chia SC, Chew CN. Endoscopic adrenaline injection in treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers. Int Surg 1995; 80:134-7. [PMID: 8530229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the results of bleeding peptic ulcer treated by endoscopic adrenaline injection with controls treated conventionally. Between January 1991 and December 1993, 69 patients with actively bleeding peptic ulcers with visible vessel received endoscopic adrenaline injection. This group of patients was compared with 31 endoscopically similar patients treated conventionally, using H2 blockers with or without surgery, from October 1987 to December 1990 prior to the introduction of endoscopic injection therapy in this hospital. Both groups of patients were comparable in terms of age, haemoglobin level on admission and site of ulcer (gastric or duodenal). Permanent haemostasis was attained with endoscopic adrenaline injection in 97% of our patients. Rebleeding occurred in 9% in the injected group vs 39% in the historical control group (p < 0.005). Three percent of patients in the injected group had emergency surgery compared with 48% in the control group (p < 0.005). The median hospital stay and transfusion requirements in the injected group were 6 days and 2 units respectively vs 8 days and 3 units in the control group but the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that endoscopic adrenaline injection is effective in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer leading to a reduction in rebleeding rate and emergency surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Fock
- Department of Medicine, Toa Payoh Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract
Of 460 patients with peptic ulcer disease seen over a 30-month period, there were 174 elderly patients (defined as > or = 60 years old), constituting 38%. In this group of elderly, gastric ulcers (GU) were observed more frequently than duodenal ulcers (DU) with a ratio of 1.6:1 and the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. In patients < 60 years old, there were more DU than GU with a ratio of 2.7:1, and a higher male to female ratio of 3.7:1. Seventy-two per cent of the elderly had at least one other medical condition with 20% having three or more medical problems. Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease were the most frequently encountered illnesses. Half the elderly presented with upper abdominal pain and one-third had an atypical presentation. Analgesic ingestion in the preceding 4 weeks was present in 29% of the elderly. In the elderly, bleeding was the most frequent complication occurring in 50%; perforation occurred in 2%. In those with bleeding ulcers, 44% had history of analgesic usage. The mortality of bleeding peptic ulcer in the elderly, was 11% and this was largely due to concurrent medical conditions. Only two deaths occurred due to bleeding ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ng
- Department of Medicine, Toa Payah Hospital, Singapore
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Chou SM, Chong YY, Kinkel R. A proposed pathogenetic process in the formation of Aspergillus mycotic aneurysm in the central nervous system. Ann Acad Med Singap 1993; 22:518-25. [PMID: 8215210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
By selectively infiltrating and destroying the internal elastica of a major cerebral artery, Aspergillus fungus (Af) induces disruption and incipient dilatation of the vascular wall with or without inflammation. This unique pathogenetic mechanism of forming "true" fungal mycotic aneurysms (FMAs) was clearly demonstrated in a middle-aged adult male who died of a pontine stroke. The latter was secondary to thrombosis in the basilar artery of which the internal elastica was infiltrated and replaced by Af hyphae. The patient had diabetes, liver cirrhosis with oesophageal varices, and received multiple blood transfusions. However, leukopenia was not present and immunosuppressive drugs were not used. This case prompted comparison of the natural history and pathogenesis of bacterial and fungal mycotic aneurysms in cerebral arterial branches. Selective destruction of the internal elastica with progressive dilation at a segment of vascular wall insinuates a potential pathogenetic process involved in the formation of saccular or berry aneurysm. Management and therapeutic approaches for FMA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chou
- ALS and Neuromuscular Research Foundation, San Francisco, CA 94115
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Yap CK, Chong YY, Chia SC, Fock KM. Nizatidine versus cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. Ann Acad Med Singap 1991; 20:241-3. [PMID: 1679316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An open comparative trial of nizatidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (DU) was carried out with cimetidine as control. Forty-three patients with endoscopically proven DU were recruited into the study. Twenty-three patients were assigned to treatment with nizatidine 300 mg daily and 20 patients (controls) were on cimetidine 800 mg daily. Both groups were comparable in age and sex distribution - age range 21 to 74 years; mean 53.4 years and 43 years in the nizatidine and cimetidine groups respectively. Liver function tests, full blood counts, platelets, urea, electrolytes were done together with endoscopy at four, eight, twelve weeks. In the nizatidine group, 16 patients completed the study whilst 17 patients on cimetidine completed the study. Healing rates at four and eight weeks on nizatidine were 9/16 (56%) and 14/16 (87.5%) respectively. On cimetidine, healing rates at four and eight weeks were 14/17 (80%) and 16/17 (94%) respectively. There was no statistical difference in healing rates between the two groups at four and eight weeks (p = 0.1, p = 0.47). One patient on nizatidine developed urticaria rash which resolved on drug withdrawal. No other adverse clinical or biochemical effects were observed in the cohort after twelve weeks of treatment. Nizatidine is as effective as cimetidine in healing DU at four and eight weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Yap
- Toa Payoh Hospital, Department of Medicine, Singapore
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Vijayasingam SM, Lim KB, Yeoh KH, Cheong WL, Chong YY, Daniel M, Lim HM. Lichen planus: a study of 72 cases in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap 1988; 17:541-4. [PMID: 3265606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-two patients attending this hospital with a diagnosis of lichen planus were examined. There was a striking predominance of Indians (69%) and a surprisingly low incidence of Chinese (24%) and Malays (4%) in the study population, compared to the racial composition of the general clinic population. The age distribution curve of the study population was bimodal with peaks at age groups 21-30 (22%) and 41-60 (33%) years. The most common morphologic variant was lichen planus vulgaris (common type) which we observed in 46 (64%) patients, followed by lichen planus hypertrophicus in 8 (11%) and lichen planus atrophicus in 2 (3%). Lichen planus confined to the skin was observed in 49 (68%) patients. Mucous membrane involvement was seen in 21 (29%)-17 (24%) had oral mucosa membrane involvement and 4 (6%) genital mucous membrane involvement. In 16 (22%) cases, mucous membranes were exclusively involved--12 (17%) had oral mucous membrane involvement and 4 (6%) genital mucous membrane involvement. Nail changes were only observed in 2 (3%) patients. Eight (11%) patients had associated diabetes mellitus. Overall, lichen planus appeared to pursue a protracted course with only 4 (6%) patients clearing completely after a disease duration of 5-12 months.
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