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Tao J, Liu L, Huang X, Tu C, Zhang L, Yang S, Bai Y, Li L, Qin Z. FerrylHb induces inflammation and cell death in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) hepatocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109474. [PMID: 38513914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Grass carp hemorrhagic disease is a significant problem in grass carp aquaculture. It releases highly oxidizing hemoglobin (Hb) into tissues, induces rapid autooxidation, and subsequently discharges cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanism underlying Hb damage to the teleost remains unclear. Here, we employed ferrylHb and heme to incubate L8824 (grass carp liver) cells and quantitatively analyzed the corresponding molecular regulation using the RNA-seq method. Based on the RNA-seq analysis data, after 12 h of incubation of the L8824 cells with ferrylHb, a total of 3738 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 1824 of which were upregulated, and 1914 were downregulated. A total of 4434 DEGs were obtained in the heme treated group, with 2227 DEGs upregulated and 2207 DEGs downregulated. KEGG enrichment analysis data revealed that the incubation of ferrylHb and heme significantly activated the pathways related to Oxidative Phosphorylation, Autophagy, Mitophagy and Protein Processing in Endoplasmic Reticulum. The genes associated with NF-κB, autophagy and apoptosis pathways were selected for further validation by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Taken together, the incubation of Hb and heme induced the molecular regulation of L8824, which consequently led to programmed cell death through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Lihan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Xiaoman Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Chenming Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Linpeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Yanhan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
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2
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Li B, Lu M, Wang H, Sheng S, Guo S, Li J, Tian Y. Macrophage Ferroptosis Promotes MMP2/9 Overexpression Induced by Hemin in Hemorrhagic Plaque. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:568-580. [PMID: 37696298 DOI: 10.1055/a-2173-3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-plaque hemorrhage (IPH) leads to rapid plaque progression and instability through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen degradation. Hemoglobin-derived hemin during IPH promotes plaque instability. We investigated whether hemin affects MMP overexpression in macrophages and explored the underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo, hemorrhagic plaque models were established in rabbits and ApoE-/- mice. Ferrostatin-1 was used to inhibit ferroptosis. Plaque size, collagen, and MMP2/9 levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, H&E, Sirius Red, and Masson staining. In vitro, mouse peritoneal macrophages were extracted. Western blot and ELISA were used to measure MMP2/9 levels. Bioinformatics analysis investigated the association between MMPs and ferroptosis pathway genes. Macrophage ferroptosis was assessed by evaluating cell viability, lipid reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial ultrastructure, iron content, and COX2 levels after pretreatment with cell death inhibitors. Hemin's impact on ferroptosis and MMP expression was studied using Ferrostatin-1 and SB202190. RESULTS In the rabbit hemorrhagic plaques, hemin deposition and overexpression of MMP2/9 were observed, particularly in macrophage-enriched regions. In vitro, hemin induced ferroptosis and MMP2/9 expression in macrophages. Ferrostatin-1 and SB202190 inhibited hemin-induced MMP2/9 overexpression. Ferrostatin-1 inhibited p38 phosphorylation in macrophages. Ferostatin-1 inhibits macrophage ferroptosis, reduces MMP2/9 levels in plaques, and stabilizes the hemorrhagic plaques. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that hemin-induced macrophage ferroptosis promotes p38 pathway activation and MMP2/9 overexpression, which may play a crucial role in increasing hemorrhagic plaque vulnerability. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic plaques and suggest that targeting macrophage ferroptosis may be a promising strategy for stabilizing vulnerable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Minqiao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, P. R. China
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3
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Song Z, Wang KW, Hagar HTC, Chen HR, Kuan CY, Zhang K, Kuo MH. Hyperphosphorylated Tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses that Are Mitigated by Apomorphine. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2653-2671. [PMID: 37919601 PMCID: PMC11043184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding protein tau in the brain is a key pathological marker for Alzheimer's disease and additional neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, how hyperphosphorylated tau causes cellular dysfunction or death that underlies neurodegeneration remains an unsolved question critical for the understanding of disease mechanism and the design of efficacious drugs. Using a recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) synthesized by the PIMAX approach, we examined how cells responded to the cytotoxic tau and explored means to enhance cellular resistance to tau attack. Upon p-tau uptake, the intracellular calcium levels rose promptly. Gene expression analyses revealed that p-tau potently triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress-associated apoptosis, and pro-inflammation in cells. Proteomics studies showed that p-tau diminished heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER stress-associated anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress regulator, while stimulated the accumulation of MIOS and other proteins. p-Tau-induced ER stress-associated apoptosis and pro-inflammation are ameliorated by apomorphine, a brain-permeable prescription drug widely used to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms, and by overexpression of HO-1. Our results reveal probable cellular functions targeted by hyperphosphorylated tau. Some of these dysfunctions and stress responses have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The observations that the ill effects of p-tau can be mitigated by a small compound and by overexpressing HO-1 that is otherwise diminished in the treated cells inform new directions of Alzheimer's disease drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kuang-Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tien Chien Hagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Present address: Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, 112304
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Gwozdzinski L, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski K. Factors Influencing Venous Remodeling in the Development of Varicose Veins of the Lower Limbs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1560. [PMID: 38338837 PMCID: PMC10855638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the early symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD) is varicose veins (VV) of the lower limbs. There are many etiological environmental factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), although genetic factors and family history of the disease play a key role. All these factors induce changes in the hemodynamic in the venous system of the lower limbs leading to blood stasis, hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress, proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), changes in microcirculation and, consequently, the remodeling of the venous wall. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge on CVD, including the pathophysiology and mechanisms related to vein wall remodeling. Particular emphasis has been placed on describing the role of inflammation and oxidative stress and the involvement of extracellular hemoglobin as pathogenetic factors of VV. Additionally, active substances used in the treatment of VV were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Gwozdzinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Tani S, Atsumi W, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Habitual fish consumption and healthy lifestyle behaviours may be associated with higher total serum bilirubin level and anti-inflammatory activity: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1904-1914. [PMID: 37143350 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Habitual fish consumption and a healthy lifestyle are associated with lower atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk. Mildly elevated bilirubin, an end product of Hb metabolism, may be associated with anti-inflammatory effects, suppressing ASCVD risk. No data exist on the relationship between fish consumption, total serum bilirubin (TSB) and inflammation in clinical settings. We conducted a cross-sectional study between April 2019 and March 2020 in a cohort of 8292 participants (average age, 46·7 (sd 12·9) years and 58·9 % men) with no history of ASCVD and TSB concentrations < 2·0 mg/dl. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed Hb concentrations were a solid positive determinant of TSB concentrations (β = 0·302, P< 0·0001). Fish consumption (β = 0·025, P= 0·019) and aerobic exercise (β = 0·021, P= 0·043) were statistically weak but significantly positive determinants of TSB concentrations. Cigarette smoking negatively affected TSB concentrations (β = −0·104, P< 0·0001). Moreover, with increasing fish consumption, the proportion of participants with a habit of cigarette smoking decreased, and that of participants who engaged in aerobic exercises increased (P< 0·0001 for both). Furthermore, as TSB concentrations increased, the leukocyte counts and C-reactive protein concentrations decreased (P< 0·0001 for both). In conclusion, despite the lesser relevance given to TSB concentrations than Hb concentrations, higher fish consumption and healthier lifestyle behaviours related to fish consumption habits may be additively or synergistically associated with higher TSB concentrations and anti-inflammatory activity, leading to attenuated ASCVD risk. Further investigations are needed to clarify the causal relationships between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Atsumi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
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Lu L, Li Y, Dong Q, Fang J, Chen A, Lan Z, Ye Y, Yan J, Liang Q. Wogonin inhibits oxidative stress and vascular calcification via modulation of heme oxygenase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176070. [PMID: 37739306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent and increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and there is no effective treatment so far. Interestingly, using systems pharmacology approach, we have predicted that Wogonin (Wog) exhibited potential activity against VC. Then we validated the effect of Wog on VC using human and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), rat arterial rings and vitamin D3-overloaded mouse models. Our results showed that Wog dose-dependently inhibited calcification of VSMCs and rat arterial rings. Consistently, alizarin red staining and calcium content assay confirmed that Wog inhibited aortic calcification in vitamin D3-overloaded mice. Moreover, by constructing the protein regulating network of Wog in suppressing VC, we found heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) was regulated by Wog. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway participated in the inhibitory role of Wog in VC and HMOX-1 was also involved in this process. Notably, our study revealed that Wog treatment promoted HMOX-1 expression, and reduced ROS levels in VSMCs. Interestingly, both inhibition of HMOX-1 by ZnPP9 and knockdown of HMOX-1 by siRNA independently eliminated the inhibitory effect of Wog on VC. Finally, administration of Wog suppressed aortic calcification in vitamin D3-overloaded mice and this effect was counteracted by ZnPP9,suggesting the crucial role of HMOX-1 in the inhibitory effect of Wog on VC. Collectively, this study combines systems pharmacology-based strategy and experiments to identify the therapeutic potential of Wog for VC via upregulating HMOX-1 and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yining Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Zirong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Yuanzhi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China.
| | - Qingchun Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hamada S, Mae Y, Takata T, Hanada H, Kubo M, Taniguchi S, Iyama T, Sugihara T, Isomoto H. Five-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 and Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Renal Tubules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10151. [PMID: 37373300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Steatosis, or ectopic lipid deposition, is the fundamental pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic kidney disease. Steatosis in the renal tubule causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to kidney injury. Thus, ER stress could be a therapeutic target in steatonephropathy. Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural product that induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which acts as an antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of 5-ALA in lipotoxicity-induced ER stress in human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Cells were stimulated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce ER stress. Cellular apoptotic signals and expression of genes involved in the ER stress cascade and heme biosynthesis pathway were analyzed. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a master regulator of ER stress, increased significantly, followed by increased cellular apoptosis. Administration of 5-ALA induced a remarkable increase in HO-1 expression, thus ameliorating PA-induced GRP78 expression and apoptotic signals. BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), a transcriptional repressor of HO-1, was significantly downregulated by 5-ALA treatment. HO-1 induction attenuates PA-induced renal tubular injury by suppressing ER stress. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of 5-ALA against lipotoxicity through redox pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yukari Mae
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hinako Hanada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Misaki Kubo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Sosuke Taniguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takuji Iyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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8
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Song Z, Wang KW, Hagar HTC, Chen HR, Kuan CY, Zhang K, Kuo MH. Hyperphosphorylated tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses That Are Mitigated by Apomorphine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.13.540661. [PMID: 37292976 PMCID: PMC10245566 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.13.540661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding protein tau in the brain is a key pathological marker for Alzheimer's disease and additional neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, how hyperphosphorylated tau causes cellular dysfunction or death that underlie neurodegeneration remains an unsolved question critical for the understanding of disease mechanism and the design of efficacious drugs. Methods Using a recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) synthesized by the PIMAX approach, we examined how cells responded to the cytotoxic tau and explored means to enhance cellular resistance to tau attack. Results Upon p-tau uptake, the intracellular calcium levels rose promptly. Gene expression analyses revealed that p-tau potently triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), ER stress-associated apoptosis, and pro-inflammation in cells. Proteomics studies showed that p-tau diminished heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER stress associated anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress regulator, while stimulated the accumulation of MIOS and other proteins. P-tau-induced ER stress-associated apoptosis and pro-inflammation are ameliorated by apomorphine, a brain-permeable prescription drug widely used to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms, and by overexpression of HO-1. Conclusion Our results reveal probable cellular functions targeted by hyperphosphorylated tau. Some of these dysfunctions and stress responses have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The observations that the ill effects of p-tau can be mitigated by a small compound and by overexpressing HO-1 that is otherwise diminished in the treated cells inform new directions of Alzheimer's disease drug discovery.
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9
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Zhai H, Ni L, Wu X. The roles of heme oxygenase-1 in renal disease. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2023; 3:1156346. [PMID: 37675385 PMCID: PMC10479750 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1156346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO), a heat shock protein containing hemoglobin, is an important enzyme in heme catabolism. It is involved in cell homeostasis and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, immunomodulation, and other functions. It is expressed at a modest level in most normal tissues. When the body suffers from ischemia hypoxia, injury, toxins, and other nociceptive stimuli, the expression increases, which can transform the oxidative microenvironment into an antioxidant environment to promote tissue recovery from damage. In recent years, research has continued to verify its value in a variety of human bodily systems. It is also regarded as a key target for the treatment of numerous disorders. With the advancement of studies, its significance in renal disease has gained increasing attention. It is thought to have a significant protective function in preventing acute kidney injury and delaying the progression of chronic renal diseases. Its protective mechanisms include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis inhibition, hemodynamic regulation, and other aspects, which have been demonstrated in diverse animal models. Furthermore, as a protective factor, its potential therapeutic efficacy in renal disease has recently become a hot area of research. Although a large number of preclinical trials have confirmed its therapeutic potential in reducing kidney injury, due to the problems and side effects of HO-1 induction therapy, its efficacy and safety in clinical application need to be further explored. In this review, we summarize the current state of research on the mechanism, location, and treatment of HO and its relationship with various renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Practice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kiss H, Örlős Z, Gellért Á, Megyesfalvi Z, Mikáczó A, Sárközi A, Vaskó A, Miklós Z, Horváth I. Exhaled Biomarkers for Point-of-Care Diagnosis: Recent Advances and New Challenges in Breathomics. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:391. [PMID: 36838091 PMCID: PMC9964519 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancers, chronic diseases and respiratory infections are major causes of mortality and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for health care. There is an unmet medical need for non-invasive, easy-to-use biomarkers for the early diagnosis, phenotyping, predicting and monitoring of the therapeutic responses of these disorders. Exhaled breath sampling is an attractive choice that has gained attention in recent years. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement used as a predictive biomarker of the response to anti-eosinophil therapy in severe asthma has paved the way for other exhaled breath biomarkers. Advances in laser and nanosensor technologies and spectrometry together with widespread use of algorithms and artificial intelligence have facilitated research on volatile organic compounds and artificial olfaction systems to develop new exhaled biomarkers. We aim to provide an overview of the recent advances in and challenges of exhaled biomarker measurements with an emphasis on the applicability of their measurement as a non-invasive, point-of-care diagnostic and monitoring tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Kiss
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Örlős
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Gellért
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angéla Mikáczó
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Sárközi
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Vaskó
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Miklós
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:312-371. [PMID: 35603834 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. Phase-I - Hypoxia correlates with reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients. Phase-III - Thromboembolism is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Safety and efficacy of human polymerized hemoglobin on guinea pig resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20480. [PMID: 36443351 PMCID: PMC9703428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past thirty years, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been under development as a red blood cell substitute. Side-effects such as vasoconstriction, oxidative injury, and cardiac toxicity have prevented clinical approval of HBOCs. Recently, high molecular weight (MW) polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb) has shown positive results in rats. Studies have demonstrated that high MW PolyhHb increased O2 delivery, with minimal effects on blood pressure, without vasoconstriction, and devoid of toxicity. In this study, we used guinea pigs to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high MW PolyhHb, since like humans guinea pigs cannot produce endogenous ascorbic acid, which limits the capacity of both species to deal with oxidative stress. Hence, this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock with high MW PolyhHb, fresh blood, and blood stored for 2 weeks. Animals were randomly assigned to each experimental group, and hemorrhage was induced by the withdrawal of 40% of the blood volume (BV, estimated as 7.5% of body weight) from the carotid artery catheter. Hypovolemic shock was maintained for 50 min. Resuscitation was implemented by infusing 25% of the animal's BV with the different treatments. Hemodynamics, blood gases, total hemoglobin, and lactate were not different before hemorrhage and during shock between groups. The hematocrit was lower for the PolyhHb group compared to the fresh and stored blood groups after resuscitation. Resuscitation with stored blood had lower blood pressure compared to fresh blood at 2 h. There was no difference in mean arterial pressure between groups at 24 h. Resuscitation with PolyhHb was not different from fresh blood for most parameters. Resuscitation with PolyhHb did not show any remarkable change in liver injury, inflammation, or cardiac damage. Resuscitation with stored blood showed changes in liver function and inflammation, but no kidney injury or systemic inflammation. Resuscitation with stored blood after 24 h displayed sympathetic hyper-activation and signs of cardiac injury. These results suggest that PolyhHb is an effective resuscitation alternative to blood. The decreased toxicities in terms of cardiac injury markers, vital organ function, and inflammation following PolyhHb resuscitation in guinea pigs indicate a favorable safety profile. These results are promising and support future studies with this new generation of PolyhHb as alternative to blood when blood is unavailable.
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13
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Gáll T, Nagy P, Garai D, Potor L, Balla GJ, Balla G, Balla J. Overview on hydrogen sulfide-mediated suppression of vascular calcification and hemoglobin/heme-mediated vascular damage in atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102504. [PMID: 36240620 PMCID: PMC9576974 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with hemorrhage considerably contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Calcification is the main characteristic of advanced atherosclerotic lesions and calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD). Lyses of red blood cells and hemoglobin (Hb) release occur in human hemorrhagic complicated lesions. During the interaction of cell-free Hb with plaque constituents, Hb is oxidized to ferric and ferryl states accompanied by oxidative changes of the globin moieties and heme release. Accumulation of both ferryl-Hb and metHb has been observed in atherosclerotic plaques. The oxidation hotspots in the globin chain are the cysteine and tyrosine amino acids associated with the generation of Hb dimers, tetramers and polymers. Moreover, fragmentation of Hb occurs leading to the formation of globin-derived peptides. A series of these pro-atherogenic cellular responses can be suppressed by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Since H2S has been explored to exhibit a wide range of physiologic functions to maintain vascular homeostasis, it is not surprising that H2S may play beneficial effects in the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present review, we summarize the findings about the effects of H2S on atherosclerosis and CAVD with a special emphasis on the oxidation of Hb/heme in atherosclerotic plaque development and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Oncochemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Garai
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - György Balla
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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14
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Giordano G, Teresa Bochicchio M, Niro G, Lucchesi A, Napolitano M. Genetic regulation of iron homeostasis in sideropenic patients with mild COVID-19 disease under a new oral iron formulation: Lessons from a different perspective. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152297. [PMID: 36327544 PMCID: PMC9597571 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) needs iron to replicate itself. Coronaviruses are able to upregulate Chop/Gadd153 and Arg1 genes, consequently leading to CD8 lymphocytes decrease, degradation of asparagine and decreased nitric oxide (NO), thus impairing immune response and antithrombotic functions. Little is known about regulation of genes involved in iron metabolism in paucisymptomatic patients with COVID-19 disease or in patients with iron deficiency treated with sucrosomial iron. Methods Whole blood was taken from the COVID-19 patients and from patients with sideropenic anemia, treated or not (control group) with iron supplementations. Enrolled patients were: affected by COVID19 under sucrosomal iron support (group A), affected by COVID-19 not under oral iron support (group B), iron deficiency not under treatment, not affected by COVID19 (control group). After RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis of Arg1, Hepcidin and Chop/Gadd153, gene expression from the 3 groups was measured by qRT-PCR. M2 macrophages were detected by cytofluorimetry using CD163 and CD14 markers. Results Forty patients with COVID-19 (group A), 20 patients with iron deficiency treated with sucrosomial iron (group B) and 20 patients with iron deficiency not under treatment (control group) were enrolled. In all the patients supported with oral sucrosomial iron, the gene expression of Chop, Arg1 and Hepcidin genes was lower than in sideropenic patients not supported with iron, M1 macrophages polarization and functional iron deficiency was also lower in group A and B, than observed in the control group. Conclusions New oral iron formulations, as sucrosomial iron, are able to influence the expression of genes like Chop and Arg1 and to influence M2 macrophage polarization mainly in the early phase of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Giordano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hematology Service, Regional Hospital “A. Cardarelli”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bochicchio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanna Niro
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Regional Hospital “A. Cardarelli”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lucchesi
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola (FC), Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Mariasanta Napolitano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), Haematology Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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15
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Wang M, Wang Z, Lee Y, Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, Fretts A, Sotoodehnia N, Budoff M, DiDonato JA, McKnight B, Tang WHW, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Hazen SL, Mozaffarian D. Dietary Meat, Trimethylamine N-Oxide-Related Metabolites, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e273-e288. [PMID: 35912635 PMCID: PMC9420768 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of animal source foods (ASF) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and underlying mechanisms remain controversial. We investigated prospective associations of different ASF with incident ASCVD and potential mediation by gut microbiota-generated trimethylamine N-oxide, its L-carnitine-derived intermediates γ-butyrobetaine and crotonobetaine, and traditional ASCVD risk pathways. METHODS Among 3931 participants from a community-based US cohort aged 65+ years, ASF intakes and trimethylamine N-oxide-related metabolites were measured serially over time. Incident ASCVD (myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, stroke, other atherosclerotic death) was adjudicated over 12.5 years median follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures and covariates examined ASF-ASCVD associations; and additive hazard models, mediation proportions by different risk pathways. RESULTS After multivariable-adjustment, higher intakes of unprocessed red meat, total meat, and total ASF associated with higher ASCVD risk, with hazard ratios (95% CI) per interquintile range of 1.15 (1.01-1.30), 1.22 (1.07-1.39), and 1.18 (1.03-1.34), respectively. Trimethylamine N-oxide-related metabolites together significantly mediated these associations, with mediation proportions (95% CI) of 10.6% (1.0-114.5), 7.8% (1.0-32.7), and 9.2% (2.2-44.5), respectively. Processed meat intake associated with a nonsignificant trend toward higher ASCVD (1.11 [0.98-1.25]); intakes of fish, poultry, and eggs were not significantly associated. Among other risk pathways, blood glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein, but not blood pressure or blood cholesterol, each significantly mediated the total meat-ASCVD association. CONCLUSIONS In this large, community-based cohort, higher meat intake associated with incident ASCVD, partly mediated by microbiota-derived metabolites of L-carnitine, abundant in red meat. These novel findings support biochemical links between dietary meat, gut microbiome pathways, and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea 17055
| | - Heidi TM Lai
- Imperial College London, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, CA
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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16
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Cincotta AH, Cersosimo E, Alatrach M, Ezrokhi M, Agyin C, Adams J, Chilton R, Triplitt C, Chamarthi B, Cominos N, DeFronzo RA. Bromocriptine-QR Therapy Reduces Sympathetic Tone and Ameliorates a Pro-Oxidative/Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Plasma of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168851. [PMID: 36012132 PMCID: PMC9407769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine-QR is a sympatholytic dopamine D2 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated rapid (within 1 year) substantial reductions in adverse cardiovascular events in this population by as yet incompletely delineated mechanisms. However, a chronic state of elevated sympathetic nervous system activity and central hypodopaminergic function has been demonstrated to potentiate an immune system pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory condition and this immune phenotype is known to contribute significantly to the advancement of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the possibility exists that bromocriptine-QR therapy may reduce adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects via attenuation of this underlying chronic pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory state. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of bromocriptine-QR on a wide range of immune pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory biochemical pathways and genes known to be operative in the genesis and progression of CVD. Inflammatory peripheral blood mononuclear cell biology is both a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease and also a marker of the body’s systemic pro-inflammatory status. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 4-month circadian-timed (within 2 h of waking in the morning) bromocriptine-QR therapy (3.2 mg/day) in type 2 diabetes subjects whose glycemia was not optimally controlled on the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on (i) gene expression status (via qPCR) of a wide array of mononuclear cell pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory genes known to participate in the genesis and progression of CVD (OXR1, NRF2, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSR, GPX1, GPX4, GCH1, HMOX1, BiP, EIF2α, ATF4, PERK, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, GSK3β, NFkB, TXNIP, PIN1, BECN1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR10, MAPK8, NLRP3, CCR2, GCR, L-selectin, VCAM1, ICAM1) and (ii) humoral measures of sympathetic tone (norepinephrine and normetanephrine), whole-body oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine, TBARS), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, prolactin, C-reactive protein [CRP]). Relative to pre-treatment status, 4 months of bromocriptine-QR therapy resulted in significant reductions of mRNA levels in PBMC endoplasmic reticulum stress-unfolded protein response effectors [GRP78/BiP (34%), EIF2α (32%), ATF4 (29%), XBP1 (25%), PIN1 (14%), BECN1 (23%)], oxidative stress response proteins [OXR1 (31%), NRF2 (32%), NQO1 (39%), SOD1 (52%), CAT (26%), GPX1 (33%), GPX4 (31%), GCH1 (30%), HMOX1 (40%)], mRNA levels of TLR pro-inflammatory pathway proteins [TLR2 (46%), TLR4 (20%), GSK3β (19%), NFkB (33%), TXNIP (18%), NLRP3 (32%), CCR2 (24%), GCR (28%)], mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cellular receptor proteins CCR2 and GCR by 24% and 28%, and adhesion molecule proteins L-selectin (35%) and VCAM1 (24%). Relative to baseline, bromocriptine-QR therapy also significantly reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine by 33% and 22%, respectively, plasma pro-oxidative markers nitrotyrosine and TBARS by 13% and 10%, respectively, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-18, MCP1, IL-1β, prolactin, and CRP by 21%,13%, 12%, 42%, and 45%, respectively. These findings suggest a unique role for circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR sympatholytic dopamine agonist therapy in reducing systemic low-grade sterile inflammation to thereby reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Cincotta
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-816-0525
| | - Eugenio Cersosimo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mariam Alatrach
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Christina Agyin
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Adams
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Curtis Triplitt
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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17
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Mohd Nor NA, Budin SB, Zainalabidin S, Jalil J, Sapian S, Jubaidi FF, Mohamad Anuar NN. The Role of Polyphenol in Modulating Associated Genes in Diabetes-Induced Vascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126396. [PMID: 35742837 PMCID: PMC9223817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced vascular disorder is considered one of the deadly risk factors among diabetic patients that are caused by persistent hyperglycemia that eventually leads to cardiovascular diseases. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to high blood glucose levels activate signaling pathways such as AGE/RAGE, PKC, polyol, and hexosamine pathways. The activated signaling pathway triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis which later lead to vascular dysfunction induced by diabetes. Polyphenol is a bioactive compound that can be found abundantly in plants such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and nuts. This compound exerts therapeutic effects in alleviating diabetes-induced vascular disorder, mainly due to its potential as an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agent. In this review, we sought to summarize the recent discovery of polyphenol treatments in modulating associated genes involved in the progression of diabetes-induced vascular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.M.N.); (S.B.B.); (S.S.); (F.F.J.)
- PICOMS International University College, Taman Batu Muda, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.M.N.); (S.B.B.); (S.S.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Center for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Syaifuzah Sapian
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.M.N.); (S.B.B.); (S.S.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.M.N.); (S.B.B.); (S.S.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-92897134
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18
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Scandura G, Giallongo C, Puglisi F, Romano A, Parrinello NL, Zuppelli T, Longhitano L, Giallongo S, Di Rosa M, Musumeci G, Motterlini R, Foresti R, Palumbo GA, Li Volti G, Di Raimondo F, Tibullo D. TLR4 Signaling and Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide Pathway Crosstalk Induces Resiliency of Myeloma Plasma Cells to Bortezomib Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040767. [PMID: 35453452 PMCID: PMC9031632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse in multiple myeloma (MM) decreases therapy efficiency through unclear mechanisms of chemoresistance. Since our group previously demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are two signaling pathways protecting MM cells from the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ), we here evaluated their cross-regulation by a pharmacological approach. We found that cell toxicity and mitochondrial depolarization by BTZ were increased upon inhibition of HO-1 and TLR4 by using tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) and TAK-242, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of TAK-242 and BTZ activated mitophagy and decreased the unfolded protein response (UPR) survival pathway in association with a downregulation in HO-1 expression. Notably, BTZ in combination with SnPP induced effects mirroring the treatment with TAK-242/BTZ, resulting in a blockade of TLR4 upregulation. Interestingly, treatment of cells with either hemin, an HO-1 inducer, or supplementation with carbon monoxide (CO), a by-product of HO-1 enzymatic activity, increased TLR4 expression. In conclusion, we showed that treatment of MM cells with BTZ triggers the TLR4/HO-1/CO axis, serving as a stress-responsive signal that leads to increased cell survival while protecting mitochondria against BTZ and ultimately promoting drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Scandura
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (N.L.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Puglisi
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (N.L.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (N.L.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Nunziatina Laura Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (N.L.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Tatiana Zuppelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (M.D.R.); (G.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (M.D.R.); (G.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (M.D.R.); (G.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (M.D.R.); (G.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (M.D.R.); (G.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Faculty of Health, University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Faculty of Health, University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.A.P.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (M.D.R.); (G.M.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.P.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (N.L.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (M.D.R.); (G.M.); (D.T.)
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19
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Numal R, Selcuk O, Kurbanoglu S, Shah A, Siddiq M, Uslu B. Trends In Electrochemical Nanosensors For The Analysis Of Antioxidants. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Mancuso C. The brain heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system as a target in drug research and development. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:361-374. [PMID: 35285395 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2052848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase (HO/BVR) system is involved in heme metabolism. The inducible isoform of HO (HO-1) and BVR both exert cytoprotective effects by enhancing cell stress response. In this context, some xenobiotics, which target HO-1, including herbal products, behave as neuroprotectants in several experimental models of neurodegeneration. Despite this, no drug having either HO-1 or BVR as a main target is currently available. AREAS COVERED After a description of the brain HO/BVR system, the paper analyzes the main classes of drugs acting on the nervous system, with HO as second-level target, and their neuroprotective potential. Finally, the difficulties that exist for the development of drugs acting on HO/BVR and the possible ways to overcome these hurdles are examined. EXPERT OPINION Although the limited clinical evidence has restricted the translational research on the HO/BVR system, mainly because of the dual nature of its by-products, there has been growing interest in the therapeutic potential of these enzymes. Scientists should boost the translational research on the HO/BVR system which could be supported by the significant evidence provided by preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Mancuso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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21
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Tang X, Jiang F, Wang X, Xia Y, Mao Y, Chen Y. Identification of the Ferroptosis-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs Signature to Improve the Prognosis Prediction in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Surg 2022; 9:741726. [PMID: 35310430 PMCID: PMC8930926 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.741726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is one of the epithelial renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histological subtypes. Ferroptosis is a new iron-dependent form of cell death that has been seen in a variety of clinical situations. Using differentially expressed ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from patients with pRCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas; we built a prognostic lncRNA-based signature. We discovered seven different lncRNAs that were strongly linked to the prognosis of patients with pRCC. High-risk scores were linked to a poor prognosis for pRCC, which was confirmed by the findings of Kaplan–Meier studies. In addition, the constructed lncRNA signature has a 1-year area under the curve (AUC) of 0.908, suggesting that it has a high predictive value in pRCC. In the high-risk group, Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) analysis identified immunological and tumor-related pathways. Furthermore, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) revealed significant differences in T cell functions checkpoint, antigen presenting cell (APC) co-stimulation, inflammation promoting, and para inflammation between the two groups with different risk scores. In addition, immune checkpoints like PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), LAG3, and IDO1 were expressed differently in the two risk groups. In summary, a novel signature based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs could be applied in predicting the prognosis of patients with pRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Yan Mao
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen
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22
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Shi M, Chai Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Neuronal Death and Innate Immune Response in Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794580. [PMID: 35082783 PMCID: PMC8784382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are closely related to cognitive and motor dysfunction associated with various neurological diseases. Neurological diseases are highly heterogeneous; however, they share a common pathogenesis, that is, the aberrant accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fortunately, the cell has intrinsic quality control mechanisms to maintain the proteostasis network, such as chaperone-mediated folding and ER-associated degradation. However, when these control mechanisms fail, misfolded/unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen and contribute to ER stress. ER stress has been implicated in nearly all neurological diseases. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis, and if the damage is irreversible, it elicits intracellular cascades of death and inflammation. With the growing appreciation of a functional association between ER stress and neurological diseases and with the improved understanding of the multiple underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacological and genetic targeting of ER stress are beginning to emerge as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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23
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Yang S, Ouyang J, Lu Y, Harypursat V, Chen Y. A Dual Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842858. [PMID: 35281042 PMCID: PMC8913507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism is vital for the survival of both humans and microorganisms. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an essential stress-response enzyme highly expressed in the lungs, and catabolizes heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin (BV)/bilirubin (BR), especially in pathological conditions which cause oxidative stress and inflammation. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) is an important raw material for the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells, and patients with iron deficiency are often associated with decreased cellular immunity. CO and BR can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, HO-1 is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule during the infection process. However, recent study has unveiled new information regarding HO-1. Being a highly infectious pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection causes acute oxidative stress, and increases the expression of HO-1, which may in turn facilitate MTB survival and growth due to increased iron availability. Moreover, in severe cases of MTB infection, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free iron (Fe2+) due to high levels of HO-1 can lead to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, which may promote further MTB dissemination from cells undergoing ferroptosis. Therefore, it is important to understand and illustrate the dual role of HO-1 in tuberculosis. Herein, we critically review the interplay among HO-1, tuberculosis, and the host, thus paving the way for development of potential strategies for modulating HO-1 and iron metabolism.
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24
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Lazarus L, Dederich CT, Anderson SN, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. Flavonol-Based Carbon Monoxide Delivery Molecule with Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, And Lysosome Localization. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:236-242. [PMID: 35178180 PMCID: PMC8842101 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-triggered carbon monoxide (CO) delivery molecules are of significant current interest for evaluating the role of CO in biology and as potential therapeutics. Herein we report the first example of a metal free CO delivery molecule that can be tracked via confocal microscopy at low micromolar concentrations in cells prior to CO release. The NEt2-appended extended flavonol (4) localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Subcellular localization of 4 results in CO-induced toxicity effects that are distinct as compared to a nonlocalized analog. Anti-inflammatory effects of 4, as measured by TNF-α suppression, occur at the nanomolar level in the absence of CO release, and are enhanced with visible-light-induced CO release. Overall, the highly trackable nature of 4 enables studies of the biological effects of both a localized flavonol and CO release at low micromolar to nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia
S. Lazarus
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - C. Taylor Dederich
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Stephen N. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Abby D. Benninghoff
- Department
of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, United States
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States,
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25
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Zhang S, Shu Y, Li W, Wei C, Deng A, Cheng Y, Lei P, Liu M. High haemoglobin levels and mortality in males with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e048108. [PMID: 34983752 PMCID: PMC8728416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between high haemoglobin levels and outcomes in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in a multicentre cohort study. DESIGN Prospective multicentre cohort study. SETTINGS 21 tertiary hospitals across mainland China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5318 consecutive in-hospital spontaneous ICH patients were recruited between January 2012 and June 2016. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Haemoglobin levels were measured on admission. Binary or ordinary logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent relationship of haemoglobin level with clinical outcomes at 3 months, measured as death or disability. Restricted cubic spline regression was fitted to examine the potential non-linear shape of the dose-response curve between the whole haemoglobin levels and 3-month poor outcomes. RESULTS A total of 5031 patients with ICH were analysed (64.3% male; mean age (SD), 57.8 (15.2) years). We found that the highest haemoglobin quintile was associated with poor outcomes 3 months in males (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.25) but not in females, which was also observed in the pooled analysis of three subcohorts in male patients (average aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.33). The spline regression suggested a non-linear association between haemoglobin levels and outcomes and a linear relationship was observed between an elevated haemoglobin level and 3-month disability/death in males (haemoglobin level per 10 g/L: aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.40, p<0.001), which was mediated by larger haematoma volume (effect size: 0.115, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.231). CONCLUSIONS This study found a sex-specific association between an elevated haemoglobin level and poor 3-month outcomes, which might be mediated by larger haematoma volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Neurology, West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenchen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Deng
- West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
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26
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Lee YJ, Lee YP, Seo CS, Choi ES, Han BH, Yoon JJ, Jang SH, Jeong CG, Mun YJ, Kang DG, Lee HS. The Modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Axis by Carthamus tinctorius L. Alleviates Vascular Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122795. [PMID: 34961267 PMCID: PMC8704092 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carthamus tinctorius L., known as safflower, has been used in traditional treatment for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and diabetic vascular complications. We proposed to investigate how the ethanol extract of Carthamus tinctorius L. (ECT) can be used ethnopharmacologically and alleviate vascular inflammatory processes under cytokine stimulation in human vascular endothelial cells. Using the optimized HPLC method, six markers were simultaneously analyzed for quality control of ECT. Pretreatment with ECT (10–100 μg/mL) significantly reduced the increase of leukocyte adhesion to HUVEC by TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and endothelial cell selectin (E-selectin) are decreased by ECT. In addition, ECT significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced oxidative stress referring to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation and its activation were inhibited by ECT. Furthermore, pretreatment of ECT increased the HO-1 expression, and nuclear translocation of Nrf-2. These data suggest the potential role of ECT as a beneficial therapeutic herb in vascular inflammation via ROS/NF-kB pathway and the regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling axis is involved in its vascular protection. Thus, further study will be needed to clarify which compound is dominant for protection of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (B.H.H.); (J.J.Y.); (S.H.J.)
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
| | - Yong Pyo Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 103 Sangmusimin-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 62298, Korea;
| | - Chang Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Eun Sik Choi
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
| | - Byung Hyuk Han
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (B.H.H.); (J.J.Y.); (S.H.J.)
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (B.H.H.); (J.J.Y.); (S.H.J.)
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
| | - Se Hoon Jang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (B.H.H.); (J.J.Y.); (S.H.J.)
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
| | - Chae Ghang Jeong
- North London Collegiate School Jeju, 33 Global Edu-ro, Seogwipo, Jeju 63644, Korea;
| | - Yeun Ja Mun
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (B.H.H.); (J.J.Y.); (S.H.J.)
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (B.H.H.); (J.J.Y.); (S.H.J.)
- Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.S.C.); (Y.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
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27
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Buschmann K, Gramlich Y, Chaban R, Oelze M, Hink U, Münzel T, Treede H, Daiber A, Duerr GD. Disturbed Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Patients with Manifest Coronary Artery Disease Is Associated with Enhanced Inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010892. [PMID: 34682638 PMCID: PMC8535387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetic vasculopathy plays an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) with oxidative stress as a strong mediator. This study aims to elucidate the underlying pathomechanisms of diabetic cardiac vasculopathy leading to coronary disease with an emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Therefore, novel insights into antioxidant pathways might contribute to new strategies in the treatment and prevention of diabetic CAD. Methods: In 20 patients with insulin-dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM/NIDDM) and 39 non-diabetic (CTR) patients, myocardial markers of oxidative stress, vasoactive proteins, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), activated phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS), and antioxidant enzymes, e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin generating dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), heme oxygenase (HO-1), as well as serum markers of inflammation, e.g., E-selectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipid metabolism, e.g., high- and low-density lipoptrotein (HDL- and LDL-cholesterol) were determined in specimens of right atrial tissue and in blood samples from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Results: IDDM/NIDDM increased markers of inflammation (e.g., E-selectin, p = 0.005 and IL-6, p = 0.051), decreased the phosphorylated myocardial p-eNOS (p = 0.032), upregulated the myocardial stress response protein HO-1 (p = 0.018), and enhanced the serum LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (p = 0.019). However, the oxidative stress markers in the myocardium and the expression of vasoactive proteins (eNOS, DHFR) showed only marginal adverse changes in patients with IDDM/NIDDM. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia and myocardial inflammation seem to be the major determinants of diabetic CAD complications. Dysregulation in pro-oxidative enzymes might be attributable to the severity of CAD and oxidative stress levels in all included patients undergoing CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Buschmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
| | - Yves Gramlich
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Ryan Chaban
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Ulrich Hink
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Hendrik Treede
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Georg Daniel Duerr
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-0; Fax: +49-6131-17-3626
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Chook CYB, Chen FM, Leung FP, Chen ZY, Wong WT. Potential of crocodile blood as a medication and dietary supplement: A systemic review. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1043-1058. [PMID: 33987869 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crocodile blood has long been used as a traditional medicine in many Asian countries to treat diseases such as asthma, allergies, and many others. Yet, only recently has the safety and effectiveness of using crocodile blood as a medicine been examined using modern scientific methods; with both conserved and novel active components identified from crocodile blood. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations found that crocodile blood can have a wide range of beneficial effects, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumour effects, anti-anaemia, and enhancement of wound healing. A systematic research of literature published in English-language journals up to April 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Based on the biological and chemical knowledge of crocodile immunity and crocodile blood, this article aims to: provide a critical review on the proposed properties of crocodile blood, identify the knowledge gap and offer some insights for future investigations regarding the use of crocodile blood as a medication or dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Yiu Bamboo Chook
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis M Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fung Ping Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Liang J, Sun D, Yang Y, Li M, Li H, Chen L. Discovery of metal-based complexes as promising antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113696. [PMID: 34274828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an intractable problem for the world. Metal ions are essential for the cell process and biological function in microorganisms. Many metal-based complexes with the potential for releasing ions are more likely to be absorbed for their higher lipid solubility. Hence, this review highlights the clinical potential of organometallic compounds for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria or fungi in recent five years. The common scaffolds, including antimicrobial peptides, N-heterocyclic carbenes, Schiff bases, photosensitive-grand-cycle skeleton structures, aliphatic amines-based ligands, and special metal-based complexes are summarized here. We also discuss their therapeutic targets and the risks that should be paid attention to in the future studies, aiming to provide information for researchers on metal-based complexes as antimicrobial agents and inspire the design and synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Lu JJ, Abudukeyoumu A, Zhang X, Liu LB, Li MQ, Xie F. Heme oxygenase 1: a novel oncogene in multiple gynecological cancers. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2252-2261. [PMID: 34239353 PMCID: PMC8241721 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), also known as heat shock protein 32 (HSP32), is a stress-inducible enzyme. In the past, it was believed to participate in maintaining cell homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress damage and exerting anti-apoptotic effects. When exposed to noxious stimulation, the expression of HO-1 in the body will increase, antagonizing these oxidative stresses and protecting our bodies. Recently, many studies showed that HO-1 was also highly-expressed in multiple gynecological cancers (such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer), suggesting that it should be closely related to cell proliferation, metastasis, immune regulation and angiogenesis as an oncogene. This review summarizes the different effects of HO-1 under normal and diseased conditions with a brief discussion of its implications on the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancers, aiming to provide a new clue for prevention and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jing Lu
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayitila Abudukeyoumu
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
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31
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Ruan Z, Wang H, Zhang K, Xu Z, Zang Z, Fu Q. Probucol improves erectile function by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13999. [PMID: 33565104 DOI: 10.1111/and.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to explore the effect and mechanism of Probucol on STZ-induced erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats. Thirty SD male rats aged 12 weeks were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ after fasting for 12 hr. Diabetic rats were haphazardly partitioned under two assemblies and administered 0 or 500 mg/kg probucol by oral gavage to 12 weeks. Control group was intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline, and saline was administered by oral gavage daily. Intracorporeal pressure was used to evaluate erectile function. Levels of proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. α-SMA and vWF were detected using immunofluorescence staining. After treatment, erectile function in probucol group was significantly improved. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins were expressed higher in DM group than in sham group, while expression of these proteins decreased significantly in probucol group. However, α-SMA and vWF were expressed at lower levels in DM group than in sham group, and probucol treatment reversed this phenomenon. Finally, Bax and Caspase3 were expressed at higher levels and Bcl-2 was expressed at lower levels in DM group, while the opposite result was obtained in probucol group. In conclusions, probucol improves erectile function by reducing endothelial dysfunction and inhibiting PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Chen RJ, Lee YH, Chen TH, Chen YY, Yeh YL, Chang CP, Huang CC, Guo HR, Wang YJ. Carbon monoxide-triggered health effects: the important role of the inflammasome and its possible crosstalk with autophagy and exosomes. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1141-1159. [PMID: 33554280 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been known as a "silent killer" because of its ability to bind hemoglobin (Hb), leading to reduced oxygen carrying capacity of Hb, which is the main cause of CO poisoning (COP) in humans. Emerging studies suggest that mitochondria is a key target of CO action that can impact key biological processes, including apoptosis, cellular proliferation, inflammation, and autophagy. Despite its toxicity at high concentrations, CO also exhibits cyto- and tissue-protective effects at low concentrations in animal models of organ injury and disease. Specifically, CO modulates the production of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and mediators by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Given that human diseases are strongly associated with inflammation, a deep understanding of the exact mechanism is helpful for treatment. Autophagic factors and inflammasomes interact in various situations, including inflammatory disease, and exosomes might function as the bridge between the inflammasome and autophagy activation. Thus, the interplay among autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, exosomes, and the inflammasome may play pivotal roles in the health effects of CO. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the beneficial and toxic effects of CO and their underlying mechanisms, focusing on the important role of the inflammasome and its possible crosstalk with autophagy and exosomes. This knowledge may lead to the development of new therapies for inflammation-related diseases and is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies and biomarkers of COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Occupational Safety, Health and Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Yashin AI, Wu D, Arbeev K, Yashkin AP, Akushevich I, Bagley O, Duan M, Ukraintseva S. Roles of interacting stress-related genes in lifespan regulation: insights for translating experimental findings to humans. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:357-379. [PMID: 34825130 PMCID: PMC8612394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Experimental studies provided numerous evidence that caloric/dietary restriction may improve health and increase the lifespan of laboratory animals, and that the interplay among molecules that sense cellular stress signals and those regulating cell survival can play a crucial role in cell response to nutritional stressors. However, it is unclear whether the interplay among corresponding genes also plays a role in human health and lifespan. METHODS Literature about roles of cellular stressors have been reviewed, such as amino acid deprivation, and the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway in health and aging. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two candidate genes (GCN2/EIF2AK4 and CHOP/DDIT3) that are closely involved in the cellular stress response to amino acid starvation, have been selected using information from experimental studies. Associations of these SNPs and their interactions with human survival in the Health and Retirement Study data have been estimated. The impact of collective associations of multiple interacting SNP pairs on survival has been evaluated, using a recently developed composite index: the SNP-specific Interaction Polygenic Risk Score (SIPRS). RESULTS Significant interactions have been found between SNPs from GCN2/EIF2AK4 and CHOP/DDI3T genes that were associated with survival 85+ compared to survival between ages 75 and 85 in the total sample (males and females combined) and in females only. This may reflect sex differences in genetic regulation of the human lifespan. Highly statistically significant associations of SIPRS [constructed for the rs16970024 (GCN2/EIF2AK4) and rs697221 (CHOP/DDIT3)] with survival in both sexes also been found in this study. CONCLUSION Identifying associations of the genetic interactions with human survival is an important step in translating the knowledge from experimental to human aging research. Significant associations of multiple SNPxSNP interactions in ISR genes with survival to the oldest old age that have been found in this study, can help uncover mechanisms of multifactorial regulation of human lifespan and its heterogeneity.
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Lyden PD, Pryor KE, Minigh J, Davis TP, Griffin JH, Levy H, Zlokovic BV. Stroke Treatment With PAR-1 Agents to Decrease Hemorrhagic Transformation. Front Neurol 2021; 12:593582. [PMID: 33790846 PMCID: PMC8005555 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.593582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most widespread cause of disability and a leading cause of death in developed countries. To date, the most potent approved treatment for acute stroke is recanalization therapy with thrombolytic drugs such as tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA or tPA) or endovascular mechanical thrombectomy. Although tPA and thrombectomy are widely available in the United States, it is currently estimated that only 10-20% of stroke patients get tPA treatment, in part due to restrictive selection criteria. Recently, however, tPA and thrombectomy selection criteria have loosened, potentially allowing more patients to qualify. The relatively low rate of treatment may also reflect the perceived risk of brain hemorrhage following treatment with tPA. In translational research and a single patient study, protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) targeted therapies given along with thrombolysis and thrombectomy appear to reduce hemorrhagic transformation after recanalization. Such adjuncts may likely enhance the availability of recanalization and encourage more physicians to use the recently expanded selection criteria for applying recanalization therapies. This narrative review discusses stroke therapies, the role of hemorrhagic transformation in producing poor outcomes, and presents the data suggesting that PAR-1 acting agents show promise for decreasing hemorrhagic transformation and improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Lyden
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Patrick D. Lyden
| | | | | | - Thomas P. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Howard Levy
- Howard Levy Consulting LLC, Hopewell, NJ, United States
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Haines DD, Tosaki A. Heme Degradation in Pathophysiology of and Countermeasures to Inflammation-Associated Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249698. [PMID: 33353225 PMCID: PMC7766613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The class of tetrapyrrol "coordination complexes" called hemes are prosthetic group components of metalloproteins including hemoglobin, which provide functionality to these physiologically essential macromolecules by reversibly binding diatomic gasses, notably O2, which complexes to ferrous (reduced/Fe(II)) iron within the heme porphyrin ring of hemoglobin in a pH- and PCO2-dependent manner-thus allowing their transport and delivery to anatomic sites of their function. Here, pathologies associated with aberrant heme degradation are explored in the context of their underlying mechanisms and emerging medical countermeasures developed using heme oxygenase (HO), its major degradative enzyme and bioactive metabolites produced by HO activity. Tissue deposits of heme accumulate as a result of the removal of senescent or damaged erythrocytes from circulation by splenic macrophages, which destroy the cells and internal proteins, including hemoglobin, leaving free heme to accumulate, posing a significant toxicogenic challenge. In humans, HO uses NADPH as a reducing agent, along with molecular oxygen, to degrade heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free ferrous iron (FeII), which is sequestered by ferritin protein, and biliverdin, subsequently metabolized to bilirubin, a potent inhibitor of oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage. CO acts as a cellular messenger and augments vasodilation. Nevertheless, disease- or trauma-associated oxidative stressors sufficiently intense to overwhelm HO may trigger or exacerbate a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurologic syndromes. Here, strategies are described for counteracting the effects of aberrant heme degradation, with a particular focus on "bioflavonoids" as HO inducers, shown to cause amelioration of severe inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald David Haines
- Advanced Biotherapeutics, London W2 1EB, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-255586
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Yuan C, Ni L, Zhang C, Hu X, Wu X. Vascular calcification: New insights into endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 134:104105. [PMID: 33189731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification, a common pathological basis of vascular disease, is caused by various diseases and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Therefore, elucidating the pathogenesis of vascular calcification has significant clinical benefits. It is generally believed that vascular calcification is similar to the processes of bone development and cartilage formation. The transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast- and chondrocyte-like cells is a key event. However, recent studies have found that under certain conditions, endothelial cells participate in vascular calcification via endothelial-mesenchymal transition, cytokine secretion, extracellular vesicle synthesis, angiogenesis regulation and hemodynamics. This review aims to explore the relationship between endothelial cells and vascular calcification and to provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for the active prevention and treatment of vascular calcification in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Kim RE, Shin CY, Han SH, Kwon KJ. Astaxanthin Suppresses PM2.5-Induced Neuroinflammation by Regulating Akt Phosphorylation in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197227. [PMID: 33008094 PMCID: PMC7582569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has become one of the most serious issues for human health and has been shown to be particularly concerning for neural and cognitive health. Recent studies suggest that fine particulate matter of less than 2.5 (PM2.5), common in air pollution, can reach the brain, potentially resulting in the development and acceleration of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other forms of dementia, but the underlying pathological mechanisms are not clear. Astaxanthin is a red-colored phytonutrient carotenoid that has been known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 increases the neuroinflammation, the expression of proinflammatory M1, and disease-associated microglia (DAM) signature markers in microglial cells, and that treatment with astaxanthin can prevent the neurotoxic effects of this exposure through anti-inflammatory properties. Diesel particulate matter (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a fine particulate matter 2.5 in the present study. Cultured rat glial cells and BV-2 microglial cells were treated with various concentrations of PM2.5, and then the expression of various inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways were measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Astaxanthin was then added and assayed as above to evaluate its effects on microglial changes, inflammation, and toxicity induced by PM2.5. PM2.5 increased the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and upregulated the transcription of various proinflammatory markers including Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in BV-2 microglial cells. However, the mRNA expression of IL-10 and arginase-1 decreased following PM2.5 treatment. PM2.5 treatment increased c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation and decreased Akt phosphorylation. Astaxanthin attenuated these PM2.5-induced responses, reducing transcription of the proinflammatory markers iNOS and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which prevented neuronal cell death. Our results indicate that PM2.5 exposure reformulates microglia via proinflammatory M1 and DAM phenotype, leading to neurotoxicity, and the fact that astaxanthin treatment can prevent neurotoxicity by inhibiting transition to the proinflammatory M1 and DAM phenotypes. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce brain damage through the change of proinflammatory M1 and DAM signatures in the microglial cells, as well as the fact that astaxanthin can have a potential beneficial effect on PM2.5 exposure of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.-E.K.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.-E.K.); (S.-H.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.-E.K.); (S.-H.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-454-5630; Fax: +82-2030-7899
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Red Blood Cells and Hemoglobin in Human Atherosclerosis and Related Arterial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186756. [PMID: 32942605 PMCID: PMC7554753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the main particulate component of the circulating blood, RBCs play major roles in physiological hemodynamics and impact all arterial wall pathologies. RBCs are the main determinant of blood viscosity, defining the frictional forces exerted by the blood on the arterial wall. This function is used in phylogeny and ontogeny of the cardiovascular (CV) system, allowing the acquisition of vasomotricity adapted to local metabolic demands, and systemic arterial pressure after birth. In pathology, RBCs collide with the arterial wall, inducing both local retention of their membranous lipids and local hemolysis, releasing heme-Fe++ with a high toxicity for arterial cells: endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cardiomyocytes, neurons, etc. Specifically, overloading of cells by Fe++ promotes cell death. This local hemolysis is an event associated with early and advanced stages of human atherosclerosis. Similarly, the permanent renewal of mural RBC clotting is the major support of oxidation in abdominal aortic aneurysm. In parallel, calcifications promote intramural hemorrhages, and hemorrhages promote an osteoblastic phenotypic shift of arterial wall cells. Different plasma or tissue systems are able, at least in part, to limit this injury by acting at the different levels of this system.
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YILMAZ N, ÖZ C, EREN E, TEKELİ SÖ. Bilirubin metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.699424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Yang Z, Zhou C, Shi H, Zhang N, Tang B, Ji N. Heme Induces BECN1/ATG5-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death via ER Stress in Neurons. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:1037-1048. [PMID: 32840757 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious medical problem, and effective treatment is limited. Hemorrhaged blood is highly toxic to the brain, and heme, which is mainly released from hemoglobin, plays a vital role in neurotoxicity. However, the specific mechanism involved in heme-mediated neurotoxicity has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the neurotoxicity of heme in neurons. Neurons were treated with heme, and cell death, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in heme-induced cell death and the downstream effects were also assessed. We showed that heme induced cell death and autophagy in neurons. The suppression of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors (3-methyladenine) or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes (BECN1 and ATG5) decreased heme-induced cell death in neurons. Moreover, the ER stress activator thapsigargin increased cell autophagy and the cell death ratio following heme treatment. Autophagy promoted heme-induced cell apoptosis and cell death through the BECN1/ATG5 pathway. Our findings suggest that heme potentiates neuronal autophagy via ER stress, which in turn induces cell death via the BECN1/ATG5 pathway. Targeting ER stress-mediated autophagy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Neurology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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41
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Taheri M. Non-coding RNAs are involved in the response to oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Tao B, Yang M, Chen H, Pan H, Liu W, Yi H, Tang S. Association of ABO blood group and antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury: A case-control study from a Chinese Han population. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:638-645. [PMID: 32259340 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) is a serious adverse drug reaction, and its pathogenic mechanism is still largely unknown. Rifampin (RIF) has been reported to cause haemolysis due to the production of drug-dependent antibodies, and haemolysis results in an increased level of free haem, which affects the function of hepatocytes. Blood group determinants can act as specific receptor sites for drug-antibody complexes, causing erythrocyte destruction in the presence of RIF. RIF-induced immune haemolysis may be a potential mechanism for ATLI. Thus, the study aimed to explore the role of ABO blood group systems in Chinese ATLI patients. METHODS A 1:4 matched case-control study was conducted among 146 ATLI cases and 584 controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression and Cox proportional regression were used to estimate the association between ABO blood group and risk of ATLI by odds ratio (OR), hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and liver disease history and taking hepatoprotectant were used as covariates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Patients in the A, B, AB and non-O blood groups had a significantly higher risk of ATLI than those in the O blood group (OR = 1.832, 95% CI: 1.126-2.983, P = .015; OR = 1.751, 95% CI: 1.044-2.937, P = .034; OR = 2.059, 95% CI: 1.077-3.938, P = .029; OR = 1.822, 95% CI: 1.173-2.831, P = .007, respectively). After considering the time of ALTI occurrence, similar results were found in the A, B, AB and non-O blood groups (HR = 1.676, 95% CI: 1.072-2.620, P = .024; HR = 1.620, 95% CI: 1.016-2.584, P = .043; HR = 2.010, 95% CI: 1.130-3.576, P = .018; HR = 1.701, 95% CI: 1.138-2.542, P = .010, respectively). Furthermore, subgroup analysis also detected a significant association between ABO blood group and ATLI in patients taking RIF (P < .05). However, no significant difference was observed in patients not taking RIF (P > .05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The present study is the first to evaluate the role of ABO blood group systems in Chinese ATLI cases. Based on the present matched case-control study, the ABO blood group may be associated with susceptibility to ATLI in the Chinese antituberculosis population, especially in patients with blood groups A, B and AB who are taking RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Hongqiu Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenpei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chiang KC, Chang KS, Hsu SY, Sung HC, Feng TH, Chao M, Juang HH. Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Induced by Interleukin-6 via JAK/STAT3 Pathways Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Hepatoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030251. [PMID: 32204510 PMCID: PMC7139670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has several important roles in hepatocytes in terms of anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and antioxidant properties. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with liver regeneration and protection against injury. The aim of this study was to determine the potential crosstalk between HO-1 and IL-6, and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in the induction of HO-1 by IL-6 in human hepatoma cells. Ectopic overexpression of HO-1 not only attenuated cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, but also blocked the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 and the pyocyanin in HepG2 or Hep3B cells. IL-6 expression was negatively regulated by HO-1, while IL-6 induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and HO-1 gene expression in HepG2 cells. The co-transfected HO-1 reporter vector and a protein inhibitor of the activated STAT3 (PIAS3) expression vector blocked the IL-6-induced HO-1 reporter activity. Both interferon γ and interleukin-1β treatments induced STAT1 but not STAT3 phosphorylation, which had no effects on the HO-1 expression. Treatments of AG490 and luteolin blocked the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways which attenuated IL-6 activation on the HO-1 expression. Our results indicated that HO-1 is the antitumor gene induced by IL-6 through the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathways; moreover, a feedback circuit may exist between IL-6 and HO-1 in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
- Institute of Medicine Science, College of Medicine, ChSang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Mei Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.-H.J.); Tel.:+886-3-2118800 (M.C. & H.-H.J.); Fax: +886-3-2118112 (M.C. & H.-H.J.)
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (S.-Y.H.); (H.-C.S.)
- Institute of Medicine Science, College of Medicine, ChSang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.-H.J.); Tel.:+886-3-2118800 (M.C. & H.-H.J.); Fax: +886-3-2118112 (M.C. & H.-H.J.)
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Xu Y. Thrombospondin-1: A Key Protein That Induces Fibrosis in Diabetic Complications. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8043135. [PMID: 32626782 PMCID: PMC7306092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8043135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis accompanies most common pathophysiological features of diabetes complications in different organs. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, the response to which contributes to inevitable organ injury. The extracellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a kind of extracellular glycoprotein, is upregulated by the increased activity of some transcription factors and results in fibrosis by activating multiple pathways in diabetes. The results of studies from our team and other colleagues indicate that TSP-1 is associated with the pathological process leading to diabetic complications and is considered to be the most important factor in fibrosis. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of increased TSP-1 induced by hyperglycemia and the role of TSP-1 in fibrosis during the development of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
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Hemolysis Derived Products Toxicity and Endothelium: Model of the Second Hit. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110660. [PMID: 31766155 PMCID: PMC6891750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are multifactorial, often requiring multiple challenges, or ‘hits’, for their initiation. Intra-vascular hemolysis illustrates well the multiple-hit theory where a first event lyses red blood cells, releasing hemolysis-derived products, in particular cell-free heme which is highly toxic for the endothelium. Physiologically, hemolysis derived-products are rapidly neutralized by numerous defense systems, including haptoglobin and hemopexin which scavenge hemoglobin and heme, respectively. Likewise, cellular defense mechanisms are involved, including heme-oxygenase 1 upregulation which metabolizes heme. However, in cases of intra-vascular hemolysis, those systems are overwhelmed. Heme exerts toxic effects by acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern and promoting, together with hemoglobin, nitric oxide scavenging and ROS production. In addition, it activates the complement and the coagulation systems. Together, these processes lead to endothelial cell injury which triggers pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Moreover, among endothelial cells, glomerular ones display a particular susceptibility explained by a weaker capacity to counteract hemolysis injury. In this review, we illustrate the ‘multiple-hit’ theory through the example of intra-vascular hemolysis, with a particular focus on cell-free heme, and we advance hypotheses explaining the glomerular susceptibility observed in hemolytic diseases. Finally, we describe therapeutic options for reducing endothelial injury in hemolytic diseases.
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Inhibition of PDE4 protects neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress through activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101342. [PMID: 31639651 PMCID: PMC6807264 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) produces neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia. However, the involved mechanism remains unclear. Augmentation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress promotes neuronal apoptosis, and excessive oxidative stress is an inducer of ER stress. The present study aimed to determine whether suppression of ER stress is involved in the protective effects of PDE4 inhibition against cerebral ischemia. We found that exposing HT-22 cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) significantly activated ER stress, as evidenced by increased expression of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Overexpression of PDE4B increased ER stress, while knocking down PDE4B or treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor, FCPR03, prevented OGD-induced ER stress in HT-22 cells. Furthermore, FCPR03 promoted the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Importantly, the Nrf-2 inhibitor, ML385, blocked the inhibitory role of FCPR03 on OGD-induced ER stress. ML385 also abolished the protective role of FCPR03 in HT-22 cells subjected to OGD. Knocking down heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a target of Nrf-2, also blocked the protective role of FCPR03, enhanced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased ER stress and cell death. We then found that FCPR03 or the antioxidant, N-Acetyl-l-cysteine, reduced oxidative stress in cells exposed to OGD. This effect was accompanied by increased cell viability and decreased ER stress. In primary cultured neurons, we found that FCPR03 reduced OGD-induced production of ROS and phosphorylation of eIF2α. The neuroprotective effect of FCPR03 against OGD in neurons was blocked by ML385. These results demonstrate that inhibition of PDE4 activates Nrf-2/HO-1, attenuates the production of ROS, and thereby attenuates ER stress in neurons exposed to OGD. Additionally, we conclude that FCPR03 may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ER stress-related disorders. Overexpression of PDE4 increased ER stress under both basal and OGD conditions. Inhibition of PDE4 reduced ER stress and neuronal apoptosis in neurons exposed to OGD. PDE4 inhibition activated Nrf-2, and increased the level of antioxidant enzyme HO-1. Inhibition of Nrf-2 attenuated the role of FCPR03 on ER stress and cell viability. HO-1 knockdown abolished the effects of FCPR03 on ER stress and ROS production.
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Sorrenti V. Editorial of Special Issue "Protective and Detrimental Role of Heme Oxygenase-1". Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194744. [PMID: 31554302 PMCID: PMC6801427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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