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Vilas-Boas C, Sousa J, Lima E, Running L, Resende D, Ribeiro ARL, Sousa E, Santos MM, Aga DS, Tiritan ME, Ruivo R, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Correia-da-Silva M. Preliminary hazard assessment of a new nature-inspired antifouling (NIAF) agent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:172824. [PMID: 38688370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A recently synthesized aminated 3,4-dioxygenated xanthone (Xantifoul2) was found to have promising antifouling (AF) effects against the settlement of the macrofouler Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae. Preliminary assessment indicated that Xantifoul2 has reduced ecotoxicological impacts: e.g., being non-toxic to the marine crustacea Artemia salina (<10 % mortality at 50 μM) and showing low bioconcentration factor in marine organisms. In order to meet the EU Biocidal Product Regulation, a preliminary hazard assessment of this new nature-inspired antifouling (NIAF) agent was conducted in this work. Xantifoul2 did not affect the swimming ability of the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna, the growth of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the cellular respiration of luminescent Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio fischeri, supporting the low toxicity towards several non-target marine species. Regarding human cytotoxicity, Xantifoul2 did not affect the cell viability of retinal human cells (hTERT-RPE-1) and lipidomic studies revealed depletion of lipids involved in cell death, membrane modeling, lipid storage, and oxidative stress only at a high concentration (10 μM). Accelerated degradation studies in water were conducted under simulated sunlight to allow the understanding of putative transformation products (TPs) that could be generated in the aquatic ecosystems. Both Xantifoul2 and photolytic-treated Xantifoul2 in the aqueous matrix were therefore evaluated on several nuclear receptors (NRs). The results of this preliminary hazard assessment of Xantifoul2, combined with the high degradation rates in water, provide strong evidence of the safety of this AF agent under the evaluated conditions, and provide the support for future validation studies before this compound can be introduced in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vilas-Boas
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Erica Lima
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Logan Running
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Diana Resende
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita L Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S Aga
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | | | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Eseberri I, Gómez-Maqueo A, Trepiana J, Gómez-López I, Proença C, Cano MP, Portillo MP. In Vitro Screening and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Prickly Pear (Opuntia Ficus-Indica L. Mill.) Fruit Extracts in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes and Mature Adipocytes. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:143-150. [PMID: 38206481 PMCID: PMC10891207 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica fruits have been widely used due to their nutritional composition and beneficial effects on health, particularly against chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, among others. In recent years, prickly pear peel and pulp extracts have been characterised, and a high number of bioactive compounds have been identified. This study aimed to analyse the triglyceride-lowering effect of prickly pear peel and pulp extracts obtained from fruits of three varieties (Pelota, Sanguinos, and Colorada) in 3T3-L1 maturing and mature adipocytes. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, peel extracts from Colorada reduced triglyceride accumulation in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes. Additionally, at 25 µg/mL, Pelota peel extract decreased triglyceride content in mature adipocytes. Moreover, maturing pre-adipocytes treated with 50 and 25 µg/mL of Sanguinos pulp extract showed a reduction of triglyceride accumulation. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of the main individual betalain and phenolic compounds standards were assayed. Piscidic acid and isorhamnetin glycoside (IG2), found in Colorada peel extract, were identified as the bioactive compounds that could contribute more notably to the triglyceride-lowering effect of the extract. Thus, the betalain and phenolic-rich extracts from Opuntia ficus indica fruits may serve as an effective tool in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain.
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Gómez-Maqueo
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Gómez-López
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Carina Proença
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Maria P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Aryan, Babu B, Divakar S, Gowramma B, Jupudi S, Chand J, Malakar Kumar V. Rational design of thiazolidine-4-one-gallic acid hybrid derivatives as selective partial PPARγ modulators: an in-silico approach for type 2 diabetes treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37997952 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a bipolar metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities in insulin production from β-cells and insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones are potent anti-diabetic agents that act through the modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor. However, their full agonistic activity leads to severe side effects by stabilizing Helix12 through strong hydrogen bonding with the TYR473 residue. Partial and selective PPARγ modulators (GW0072, GQ16, VSP-51, MRL-20, MBX-213, INT131) have demonstrated superior results compared to full agonists without causing adverse effects, as reported in existing data. To address this uncertainty and advance therapeutic options, we identified and designed a novel class of compounds (A1-A23) based on a hybrid structure combining phenolic and Thiazolidine-4-one's moieties. Our rational drug design strategy incorporated structural-activity relationship principle, and validated the docking studies through calculated the root mean square deviation. Additionally, we conducted molecular docking, binding energy, molecular dynamics simulations, and post-molecular dynamics calculations to evaluate the dynamics behavior between the ligands and protein. The selected ligands demonstrated highly favorable docking scores and binding energies, comparable to the co-crystal (rosiglitazone) such as A12 (-13.9 kcal/mol and -86.2 kcal/mol), A1 (-11.1 kcal/mol and -79.5 kcal/mol), A13 (-11.3 kcal/mol and -91.4 kcal/mol), and the co-crystal itself (-9.8 kcal/mol and -76 kcal/mol), respectively. Finally, the MD revealed that, the selected ligands were equally contributed for stabilization of Helix12 and β-sheets. It was concluded, the designed ligands (A12, A1, and A13) exhibited weaker hydrogen-bond interactions with specific residue TYR473 which partially modulated the PPARγ protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Divakar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Gowramma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagdish Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Malakar Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Domínguez-Avila JA. Dietary Phenolic Compounds Exert Some of Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities by Targeting Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Retinoid X Receptor (RXR). Foods 2023; 12:4205. [PMID: 38231664 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Consuming foods of vegetable origin has been shown to exert multiple health-related effects, many of them attributed to their phenolic compounds. These molecules are known for being bioactive across multiple cells and organs, with documented changes in gene expression being commonly reported. Nuclear receptors are signal transducers capable of regulating gene expression in response to endogenous and/or exogenous ligands. Liver X receptor (LXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) are two important nuclear receptors that can be acted on by phenolic compounds, thereby modifying gene expression and potentially exerting numerous subsequent bioactivities. The present work summarizes recent evidence of the effects of the phenolic compounds that are exerted by targeting LXR and/or RXR. The data show that, when LXR is being targeted, changes in lipid metabolism are commonly observed, due to its ability to regulate genes relevant to this process. The effects vary widely when RXR is the target since it is involved in processes like cell proliferation, vitamin D metabolism, and multiple others by forming heterodimers with other transcription factors that regulate said processes. The evidence therefore shows that phenolic compounds can exert multiple bioactivities, with a mechanism of action based, at least in part, on their ability to modulate the cell at the molecular level by acting on nuclear receptors. The data point to a promising and novel area of study that links diet and health, although various unknowns justify further experimentation to reveal the precise way in which a given phenolic can interact with a nuclear receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, SO, Mexico
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Flori L, Piragine E, Spezzini J, Citi V, Calderone V, Martelli A. Influence of Polyphenols on Adipose Tissue: Sirtuins as Pivotal Players in the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119276. [PMID: 37298226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into two different types: (i) white adipose tissue (WAT), which represents the largest amount of total AT, and has the main function of storing fatty acids for energy needs and (ii) brown adipose tissue (BAT), rich in mitochondria and specialized in thermogenesis. Many exogenous stimuli, e.g., cold, exercise or pharmacological/nutraceutical tools, promote the phenotypic change of WAT to a beige phenotype (BeAT), with intermediate characteristics between BAT and WAT; this process is called "browning". The modulation of AT differentiation towards WAT or BAT, and the phenotypic switch to BeAT, seem to be crucial steps to limit weight gain. Polyphenols are emerging as compounds able to induce browning and thermogenesis processes, potentially via activation of sirtuins. SIRT1 (the most investigated sirtuin) activates a factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) modulation, induces typical genes of BAT and inhibits genes of WAT during the transdifferentiation process in white adipocytes. This review article aims to summarize the current evidence, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials, on the ability of polyphenols to promote the browning process, with a specific focus on the potential role of sirtuins in the pharmacological/nutraceutical effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Chae HS, Dale O, Mir TM, Ashfaq MK, Avula B, Walker LA, Khan IA, Khan SI. Juniper Berries Regulate Diabetes and Obesity Markers Through Modulating PPAR α, PPAR γ, and LXR: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects. J Med Food 2023; 26:307-318. [PMID: 37186895 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The berries of Juniperus communis have been traditionally used for therapeutic purposes. They have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, a methanolic extract of J. communis berries (JB) was evaluated for its effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ), liver X receptor (LXR), glucose uptake and lipid accumulation using various cellular systems. At a concentration of 25 μg/mL, JB caused 3.77-fold activation of PPARα, 10.90-fold activation of PPARγ, and 4.43-fold activation of LXR in hepatic cells. JB inhibited (11%) the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (90%) in muscle cells. In high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, JB at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight exhibited a 21% decrease in body weight. Fasting glucose levels in mice treated with 12.5 mg/kg of JB were significantly decreased (39%) indicating its efficacy in regulating hyperglycemia and obesity induced by HFD thus ameliorating the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. A series of energy metabolic genes, including Sirt1 (2.00-fold) and RAF1 (2.04-fold), were upregulated by JB, while rosiglitazone regulated the hepatic PPARγ only. Phytochemical analysis of JB indicated presence of a number of flavonoids and biflavonoids which seem to be responsible for the observed activity. It was concluded that JB acted as a multiple agonist of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR without the undesired effect of adipogenesis and exhibited the property of enhancing glucose uptake. The regulation of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR seems to be through Sirt1 and RAF1. In vivo results confirmed the antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of JB and indicated its utility in metabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olivia Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tahir M Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mohammad K Ashfaq
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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In Silico Identification of Peptides with PPARγ Antagonism in Protein Hydrolysate from Rice (Oryza sativa). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030440. [PMID: 36986539 PMCID: PMC10057873 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
At least half the population in industrialized countries suffers from obesity due to excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Recently, rice (Oryza sativa) proteins have been considered valuable sources of bioactive peptides with antiadipogenic potential. In this study, the digestibility and bioaccessibility in vitro of a novel protein concentrate (NPC) from rice were determined through INFOGEST protocols. Furthermore, the presence of prolamin and glutelin was evaluated via SDS-PAGE, and their potential digestibility and the bioactivity of ligands against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were explored by BIOPEP UWM and HPEPDOCK. For the top candidates, molecular simulations were conducted using Autodock Vina to evaluate their binding affinity against the antiadipogenic region of PPARγ and their pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness using SwissADME. Simulating gastrointestinal digestion showed a recovery of 43.07% and 35.92% bioaccessibility. The protein banding patterns showed the presence of prolamin (57 kDa) and glutelin (12 kDa) as the predominant proteins in the NPC. The in silico hydrolysis predicts the presence of three and two peptide ligands in glutelin and prolamin fraction, respectively, with high affinity for PPARγ (≤160). Finally, the docking studies suggest that the prolamin-derived peptides QSPVF and QPY (−6.38 & −5.61 kcal/mol, respectively) have expected affinity and pharmacokinetic properties to act as potential PPARγ antagonists. Hence, according to our results, bioactive peptides resulting from NPC rice consumption might have an antiadipogenic effect via PPARγ interactions, but further experimentation and validation in suitable biological model systems are necessary to gain more insight and to provide evidence to support our in silico findings.
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Wang Y, Qu S, Chen M, Cui Y, Shi C, Pu X, Gao W, Li Q, Han J, Zhang A. Effects of buckwheat milk Co-fermented with two probiotics and two commercial yoghurt strains on gut microbiota and production of short-chain Fatty Acids. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Luteolin protects against adipogenic and lipogenic potency induced by human relevant mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the 3T3-L1 model. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113608. [PMID: 36639049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may contribute to obesogenic effects. We have previously shown that POP mixtures modelled on blood levels relevant to the Scandinavian population induces adipogenic effects in the mouse 3T3-L1 cell line. Luteolin is a flavone that has shown anti-lipogenic and anti-adipogenic effects on adipogenesis in in vitro models. In this study, luteolin has been applied to inhibit adipocyte formation and intracellular lipid content increase induced by a human relevant mixture of POPs. 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to a POP mixture consisting of 29 chemicals, including amongst others polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAAs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Rosiglitazone was applied as a positive lipogenic control. Luteolin was tested between 0.5 and 10 μM. High content analysis was used to assess changes in adipocyte formation and intracellular lipid content in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Luteolin significantly reduced POP-induced adipocyte formation at 2, 5 and 10 μM, and lipid accumulation at 10 μM. Interestingly, luteolin did not affect rosiglitazone induced adipo- and lipogenic effects, suggesting differences in mechanisms of action. In conclusion, this in vitro study shows that dietary polyphenols such as luteolin may protect against POP induced adipo- and lipogenic effects.
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Pacifici F, Malatesta G, Mammi C, Pastore D, Marzolla V, Ricordi C, Chiereghin F, Infante M, Donadel G, Curcio F, Noce A, Rovella V, Lauro D, Tesauro M, Di Daniele N, Garaci E, Caprio M, Della-Morte D. A Novel Mix of Polyphenols and Micronutrients Reduces Adipogenesis and Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning via UCP1 Expression and AMPK Activation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050714. [PMID: 36899850 PMCID: PMC10001138 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a pandemic disease characterized by excessive severe body comorbidities. Reduction in fat accumulation represents a mechanism of prevention, and the replacement of white adipose tissue (WAT) with brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as one promising strategy against obesity. In the present study, we sought to investigate the ability of a natural mixture of polyphenols and micronutrients (A5+) to counteract white adipogenesis by promoting WAT browning. Methods: For this study, we employed a murine 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line treated with A5+, or DMSO as control, during the differentiation in mature adipocytes for 10 days. Cell cycle analysis was performed using propidium iodide staining and cytofluorimetric analysis. Intracellular lipid contents were detected by Oil Red O staining. Inflammation Array, along with qRT-PCR and Western Blot analyses, served to measure the expression of the analyzed markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results: A5+ administration significantly reduced lipids' accumulation in adipocytes when compared to control cells (p < 0.005). Similarly, A5+ inhibited cellular proliferation during the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), the most relevant stage in adipocytes differentiation (p < 0.0001). We also found that A5+ significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and Leptin (p < 0.005), and promoted fat browning and fatty acid oxidation through increasing expression levels of genes related to BAT, such as UCP1 (p < 0.05). This thermogenic process is mediated via AMPK-ATGL pathway activation. Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrated that the synergistic effect of compounds contained in A5+ may be able to counteract adipogenesis and then obesity by inducing fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Malatesta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Mammi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francesca Chiereghin
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Diabetology, UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Covid Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AOU Federico II, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-6893
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Guardiola-Márquez CE, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Potential of enhancing anti-obesogenic agriceuticals by applying sustainable fertilizers during plant cultivation. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1034521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are two of the world's biggest health problems. They are associated with excessive fat accumulation resulting from an imbalance between energy consumed and energy expended. Conventional therapies for obesity commonly include synthetic drugs and surgical procedures that can lead to serious side effects. Therefore, developing effective, safe, and readily available new treatments to prevent and treat obesity is highly relevant. Many plant extracts have shown anti-obesogenic potential. These plant extracts are composed of different agriceuticals such as fibers, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, lignans, and proteins that can manage obesity by suppressing appetite, inhibiting digestive enzymes, reducing adipogenesis and lipogenesis, promoting lipolysis and thermogenesis, modulating gut microbiota and suppressing obesity-induced inflammation. These anti-obesogenic agriceuticals can be enhanced in plants during their cultivation by applying sustainable fertilization strategies, improving their capacity to fight the obesity pandemic. Biofertilization and nanofertilization are considered efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective strategies to enhance plant growth and development and increase the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds, representing an alternative to overproducing the anti-obesogenic agriceuticals of interest. However, further research is required to study the impact of anti-obesogenic plant species grown using these agricultural practices. This review presents the current scenario of overweight and obesity; recent research work describing different plant species with significant effects against obesity; and several reports exhibiting the potential of the biofertilization and nanofertilization practices to enhance the concentrations of bioactive molecules of anti-obesogenic plant species.
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Antifouling Marine Coatings with a Potentially Safer and Sustainable Synthetic Polyphenolic Derivative. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080507. [PMID: 36005510 PMCID: PMC9409691 DOI: 10.3390/md20080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of harmless substances to replace biocide-based coatings used to prevent or manage marine biofouling and its unwanted consequences is urgent. The formation of biofilms on submerged marine surfaces is one of the first steps in the marine biofouling process, which facilitates the further settlement of macrofoulers. Anti-biofilm properties of a synthetic polyphenolic compound, with previously described anti-settlement activity against macrofoulers, were explored in this work. In solution this new compound was able to prevent biofilm formation and reduce a pre-formed biofilm produced by the marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. Then, this compound was applied to a marine coating and the formation of P. tunicata biofilms was assessed under hydrodynamic conditions to mimic the marine environment. For this purpose, polyurethane (PU)-based coating formulations containing 1 and 2 wt.% of the compound were prepared based on a prior developed methodology. The most effective formulation in reducing the biofilm cell number, biovolume, and thickness was the PU-based coating containing an aziridine-based crosslinker and 2 wt.% of the compound. To assess the marine ecotoxicity impact of this compound, its potential to disrupt endocrine processes was evaluated through the modulation of two nuclear receptors (NRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Transcriptional activation of the selected NRs upon exposure to the polyphenolic compound (10 µM) was not observed, thus highlighting the eco-friendliness towards the addressed NRs of this new dual-acting anti-macro- and anti-microfouling agent towards the addressed NRs.
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Analysis of Major Polyphenolic Compounds of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince) Fruit Extract by UPLC-MS/MS and Its Effect on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cydonia oblonga miller (quince) plant serves as a potential folk medicine for treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in China. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted on the polyphenolic profile and anti-adipogenic effect of quince fruit grown in China. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the quince fruit extract’s major phenolic compounds, evaluate their antioxidant activity, and examine their effect on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. A rapid and sensitive analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of major polyphenolic compounds by using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Among the 10 compounds, the cryptochlorgenic acid was noticed as the most abundant compound of both purified (242.44 ± 0.73 µg/mg dw) and unpurified extract (3.37 ± 0.01 µg/mg dw) followed by quercetin 3-rutinoside and chlorogenic acid. Alternatively, both extracts possessed a high quantity of phenolic acids (purified extract = 483.10 ± 5.16 µg/mg dw and unpurified extract = 7.89 ± 0.02 µg/mg dw). The purified extract exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity (DPPH: EC50 = 3.316 µg/mL, ABTS: EC50 = 36.38 µg/mL) as compared to the unpurified extract. Additionally, our results also showed that the extract at 100 µg/mL significantly suppressed the preadipocyte differentiation and decreased the lipid droplets up to 69% in mature adipocytes. The present study highlights an accurate and fast detection method for quince fruit extract polyphenolic compounds with its antioxidant and antiadipogenic effects. The study also provides the necessary information for the rational development and utilization of quince fruit extract as a source of phytochemicals.
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Cho HH, Jang SH, Won C, Kim CH, Kim HD, Kim TH, Cho JH. Derhamnosylmaysin Inhibits Adipogenesis via Inhibiting Expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134232. [PMID: 35807476 PMCID: PMC9268393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of derhamnosylmaysin (DM) on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our data showed that DM inhibited lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with DM decreased the expression of major transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (CEBP) family, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the expression of their downstream target genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis, including adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), stearyl-CoA-desaturase-1 (SCD-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was also decreased by treatment with DM during adipogenesis. Additionally, DM attenuated insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. These results first demonstrated that DM inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis through downregulation of the key adipogenic transcription factors SREBP-1c, the CEBP family, and PPARγ and inactivation of the major adipogenesis signaling factor Akt, which is intermediated in insulin. These studies demonstrated that DM is a new bioactive compound for antiadipogenic reagents for controlling overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Hee Cho
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Sun-Hee Jang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chungkil Won
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chung-Hui Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Hong-Duck Kim
- Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyungsan 38453, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-850-6533 (T.H.K.); +82-55-772-2358 (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jae-Hyeon Cho
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-H.C.); (S.-H.J.); (C.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-850-6533 (T.H.K.); +82-55-772-2358 (J.-H.C.)
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Kim JY, Park EJ, Lee HJ. Ameliorative Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 Lysate on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation via AMPK Activation and MAPK Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115901. [PMID: 35682579 PMCID: PMC9180524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 has been shown to effectively treat metabolic diseases. However, the precise pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of L. plantarum HAC01 remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the anti-adipogenic effects of L. plantarum HAC01 lysate and its associated mechanism of action. To induce lipid accumulation, 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in differentiation media with or without L. plantarum HAC01 lysate. Our results show that L. plantarum HAC01 lysate treatment not only reduced lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, but also decreased the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes involved in lipid metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, L. plantarum HAC01 lysate inhibited CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) beta within 4 h of differentiation induction and inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, C/EBP alpha, and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins within 2 d. Moreover, treatment with L. plantarum HAC01 lysate increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, an important regulator of energy metabolism, and decreased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results indicate that L. plantarum HAC01 lysate may have anti-adipogenic effects and support its potential as a useful agent for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.P.); or (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-724-4408 (E.-J.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (E.-J.P. & H.-J.L.)
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.P.); or (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-724-4408 (E.-J.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (E.-J.P. & H.-J.L.)
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16
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Udomwasinakun N, Pirak T, Chanput WP. Identification of polyphenols in white mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora Wall.) ethanolic extracts and their anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic activity potential. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nagaoka A, Sakurai M, Kamiie K, Masumi A. Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) Extract-Induced Adipogenesis Is Independent of PPARγ Ser273 Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:659-663. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aozora Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
| | - Makoto Sakurai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
| | - Katsuyoshi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
| | - Atsuko Masumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
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Effects of Monascus purpureus-fermented tartary buckwheat extract on the blood lipid profile, glucose tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activities in KM mice. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Ramírez-Moreno E, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Sánchez RC, Estrada-Luna D, Jiménez-Osorio AS, Zafra-Rojas QY, Ariza-Ortega JA, Flores-Chávez OR, Morales-Castillejos L, Sandoval-Gallegos EM. Role of Bioactive Compounds in Obesity: Metabolic Mechanism Focused on Inflammation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091232. [PMID: 35563955 PMCID: PMC9101148 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease characterized by an inflammatory process in the adipose tissue due to diverse infiltrated immune cells, an increased secretion of proinflammatory molecules, and a decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules. On the other hand, obesity increases the risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Their treatment is based on nutritional and pharmacological strategies. However, natural products are currently implemented as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Polyphenols and fiber are naturally compounds with potential action to reduce inflammation through several pathways and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, as well as in other non-communicable diseases. Hence, this review focuses on the recent evidence of the molecular mechanisms of polyphenols and dietary fiber, from Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed, among others, by using key words and based on recent in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Academic Area of Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Q.Y.Z.-R.); (J.A.A.-O.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Academic Area of Nursing; Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (J.A.-R.); (R.C.J.-S.); (D.E.-L.); (A.S.J.-O.); (O.R.F.-C.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Reyna Cristina Jiménez-Sánchez
- Academic Area of Nursing; Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (J.A.-R.); (R.C.J.-S.); (D.E.-L.); (A.S.J.-O.); (O.R.F.-C.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Diego Estrada-Luna
- Academic Area of Nursing; Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (J.A.-R.); (R.C.J.-S.); (D.E.-L.); (A.S.J.-O.); (O.R.F.-C.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Academic Area of Nursing; Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (J.A.-R.); (R.C.J.-S.); (D.E.-L.); (A.S.J.-O.); (O.R.F.-C.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Quinatzin Yadira Zafra-Rojas
- Academic Area of Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Q.Y.Z.-R.); (J.A.A.-O.)
| | - José Alberto Ariza-Ortega
- Academic Area of Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Q.Y.Z.-R.); (J.A.A.-O.)
| | - Olga Rocío Flores-Chávez
- Academic Area of Nursing; Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (J.A.-R.); (R.C.J.-S.); (D.E.-L.); (A.S.J.-O.); (O.R.F.-C.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Lizbeth Morales-Castillejos
- Academic Area of Nursing; Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (J.A.-R.); (R.C.J.-S.); (D.E.-L.); (A.S.J.-O.); (O.R.F.-C.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Eli Mireya Sandoval-Gallegos
- Academic Area of Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, Circuit Actopan Tilcuautla s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Q.Y.Z.-R.); (J.A.A.-O.)
- Correspondence:
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Jampa M, Sutthanut K, Weerapreeyakul N, Tukummee W, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S. Multiple Bioactivities of Manihot esculenta Leaves: UV Filter, Anti-Oxidation, Anti-Melanogenesis, Collagen Synthesis Enhancement, and Anti-Adipogenesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051556. [PMID: 35268656 PMCID: PMC8911860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cassava root is an important global agro-industrial crop that yields cassava leaf as a left-over co-product of interest for further development as a sustainable resource of health and cosmeceutical active compounds. This work aimed to investigate the cosmeceutical potential and chemical composition of an ethanolic cassava leaf extract (BM). rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol were found to be major constituents via HPLC-DAD UV analysis. Interestingly, the multiple beneficial bioactivities of BM for cosmeceutical applications were manifested in a dose-dependent manner, including anti-oxidation in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, anti-melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, collagen synthesis enhancement in human fibroblasts, and anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the potential of the collagen synthesis enhancement of BM and rutin was significant when compared to ascorbic acid. Additionally, a UV filter property comparable to BEMT with characteristics of board spectral absorption and constant high absorptivity throughout all UV wavelength ranges was exhibited by UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis. In conclusion, the cassava leaf was found to be a potential natural cosmeceutical active agent with multiple cosmeceutical-related bioactivities with respect to a substantial composition of bioactive flavonols. These obtained data will support and encourage the further study and development of cassava leaves as potential economic and sustainable sources of bioactive agents for health and cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuschanok Jampa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43202378
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Wipawee Tukummee
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suparporn Muchimapura
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Vaccinium virgatum Aiton Leaves Extract Suppressed Lipid Accumulation and Uric Acid Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122638. [PMID: 34961109 PMCID: PMC8705443 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton; Kinisato 35 Gou) leaves have recently attracted increasing attention as a useful material for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Here, we examined the effects of the hot water extract of blueberry leaves (BLEx) on lipogenesis and uric acid production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that BLEx suppressed lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of differentiation markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A fractionation study showed that the highly polymerized proanthocyanidin-rich fraction was responsible for this effect. Upon maturation to adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells produced uric acid and tumor necrosis factor-α, and hypoxia stimulated the production of uric acid and xanthine oxidoreductase activity. BLEx suppressed the production of uric acid under these conditions. Although BLEx inhibited the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase, this activity was observed in several fractions containing catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and low molecular weight proanthocyanidins. Taken together, these results indicate that BLEx contains various compounds with the ability to suppress lipid accumulation and uric acid production in adipocytes.
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Marino M, Del Bo C, Tucci M, Venturi S, Mantegazza G, Taverniti V, Møller P, Riso P, Porrini M. A mix of chlorogenic and caffeic acid reduces C/EBPß and PPAR-γ1 levels and counteracts lipid accumulation in macrophages. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1003-1014. [PMID: 34698900 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) are bioactive compounds in whole grains, berries, apples, some citrus fruits and coffee, which are hypothesized to promote health-beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of CGA and CA to reduce lipid accumulation in macrophages, recognized as a critical stage in the progression of atherosclerosis. Furtherly, the modulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ1 (PPAR-γ1), as transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, was evaluated. METHODS THP-1-derived macrophages were treated for 24 h with 0.03, 0.3, 3 and 30 μM of CGA and CA, tested alone or in combination, and a solution of oleic/palmitic acid (500 μM, 2:1 ratio). Lipid storage was assessed spectrophotometrically through fluorescent staining of cells with Nile red. C/EBPβ and PPAR-γ1 mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS The mix of CGA + CA (1:1 ratio) reduced lipid accumulation at all concentrations tested, except for the highest one. The greatest effect ( - 65%; p < 0.01) was observed at the concentration of 0.3 μM for each compound. The same concentration significantly (p < 0.01) downregulated C/EBPβ and PPAR-γ1 gene expression and reduced their protein levels at 2 h and 24 h, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the capacity of CGA + CA mix to reduce lipid storage in macrophages is mediated by a reduction in the expression of transcription factors C/EBPβ and PPAR-γ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Tucci
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Venturi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mantegazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
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β-RA Targets Mitochondrial Metabolism and Adipogenesis, Leading to Therapeutic Benefits against CoQ Deficiency and Age-Related Overweight. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101457. [PMID: 34680574 PMCID: PMC8533582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes, leading to the abnormal function of specific mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a secondary event in more common pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. In both cases, the improvement and management of mitochondrial homeostasis remain challenging. Here, we show that beta-resorcylic acid (β-RA), which is a natural phenolic compound, competed in vivo with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is the natural precursor of coenzyme Q biosynthesis. This led to a decrease in demethoxyubiquinone, which is an intermediate metabolite of CoQ biosynthesis that is abnormally accumulated in Coq9R239X mice. As a consequence, β-RA rescued the phenotype of Coq9R239X mice, which is a model of primary mitochondrial encephalopathy. Moreover, we observed that long-term treatment with β-RA also reduced the size and content of the white adipose tissue (WAT) that is normally accumulated during aging in wild-type mice, leading to the prevention of hepatic steatosis and an increase in survival at the elderly stage of life. The reduction in WAT content was due to a decrease in adipogenesis, an adaptation of the mitochondrial proteome in the kidneys, and stimulation of glycolysis and acetyl-CoA metabolism. Therefore, our results demonstrate that β-RA acted through different cellular mechanisms, with effects on mitochondrial metabolism; as such, it may be used for the treatment of primary coenzyme Q deficiency, overweight, and hepatic steatosis.
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Karadeniz F, Oh JH, Jo HJ, Seo Y, Kong CS. Myricetin 3- O-β-D-Galactopyranoside Exhibits Potential Anti-Osteoporotic Properties in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells via Stimulation of Osteoblastogenesis and Suppression of Adipogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:2690. [PMID: 34685670 PMCID: PMC8534343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive substances are promising lead compounds with beneficial effects on various health problems including osteoporosis. In this context, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of myricetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (M3G), a glycoside of a known bioactive phytochemical myricetin, on bone formation via osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). The hBM-MSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes in the presence or absence of M3G and the differentiation markers were analyzed. Osteoblastogenesis-induced cells treated with M3G exhibited stimulated differentiation markers: cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and extracellular mineralization. In terms of intracellular signaling behind the stimulatory effect of M3G, the expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin transcription factors were upregulated. It has been shown that M3G treatment increased the activation of Wnt and BMP as a suggested mechanism of action for its effect. On the other hand, M3G treatment during adipogenesis-inducement of hBM-MSCs hindered the adipogenic differentiation shown as decreased lipid accumulation and expression of PPARγ, SREBP1c, and C/EBPα, adipogenic transcription factors. In conclusion, M3G treatment stimulated osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation in induced hBM-MSCs. Osteoblast formation was stimulated via Wnt/BMP and adipogenesis was inhibited via the PPARγ pathway. This study provided necessary data for further studies to utilize the therapeutic potential of M3G against osteoporosis via regulation of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (F.K.); (J.H.O.)
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (F.K.); (J.H.O.)
| | - Hyun Jin Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea;
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea;
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (F.K.); (J.H.O.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea;
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25
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Bayliak MM, Dmytriv TR, Melnychuk AV, Strilets NV, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Chamomile as a potential remedy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1261-1286. [PMID: 34602925 PMCID: PMC8481792 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing health concern related to many metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies suggest that herbal products can be useful dietary supplements for weight management due to the presence of numerous biologically active compounds, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract obesity-related oxidative stress. In this review we focus on Matricaria chamomilla, commonly known as chamomile, and one of the most popular medicinal plants in the world. Thanks to a high content of phenolic compounds and essential oils, preparations from chamomile flowers demonstrate a number of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and sedative actions as well as improving gastrointestinal function. Several recent studies have shown certain positive effects of chamomile preparations in the prevention of obesity and complications of diabetes. These effects were associated with modulation of signaling pathways involving the AMP-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, Nrf2 and PPARγ transcription factors. However, the potential of chamomile in the management of obesity seems to be underestimated. This review summarizes current data on the use of chamomile and its individual components (apigenin, luteolin, essential oils) to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders in cell and animal models and in human studies. Special attention is paid to molecular mechanisms that can be involved in the anti-obesity effects of chamomile preparations. Limitation of chamomile usage is also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana R Dmytriv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Antonina V Melnychuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia V Strilets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.,I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46002, Ternopil, Ukraine.,Research and Development University, Shota Rustaveli Str., 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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López-Ibarra C, Ruiz-López FDJ, Bautista-Villarreal M, Báez-González JG, Rodríguez Romero BA, González-Martínez BE, López-Cabanillas Lomelí M, Vázquez-Rodríguez JA. Protein Concentrates on Tepary Bean ( Phaseolus acutifolius Gray) as a Functional Ingredient: In silico Docking of Tepary Bean Lectin to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Front Nutr 2021; 8:661463. [PMID: 34136517 PMCID: PMC8200398 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray) is a US-Mexico frontier native crop, produces high yields in agriculture, and needs to be reconsidered because of its nutritional and functional properties. This study aimed to determine the technological and nutritional properties of flours and protein concentrates of tepary bean, besides determining an in silico agonist effect of tepary bean lectin to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). We evaluated the technological properties of raw samples (tepary flour and tepary protein concentrate) and cooked samples (tepary flour and tepary protein concentrate). The flours present a significant difference (p < 0.05) concerning protein concentrates in water absorption and oil absorption capacity. The raw samples' emulsifying capacity was higher than that reported in the literature for other legumes, but not the cooked samples. The samples' foaming capacity had no significant difference in treatments (p > 0.05), and cooked tepary bean protein concentrate presented complete gelation at a lower concentration (2%). Nutritionally, raw samples present a protein percentage of 23.46 ± 0.06 and 71.38 ± 0.44 and cooked samples present a protein percentage of 25.27 ± 0.04 and 62.69 ± 0.14; a chemical score of 72, 86, 82, and 72; in vitro protein digestibility (%) = 48.20 ± 0.31, 49.80 ± 0.80, 61.77 ± 1.70, and 63.61 ± 4.19; and C-PER = 0.86, 1.34, 1.93, and 1.81, respectively. All the samples showed methionine + cysteine as the limiting amino acid. All these nutritional data are very similar to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). SDS-PAGE preserves the lectin fraction in both protein concentrates. The in silico study of tepary lectin (PDB: 6tt9) shows that there were seven peptides that presented values below -120 kcal/mol: PEW, VSVGF, PSQK, TTPW, ATSF, ITY, and TSF, with VSVGF, PSQK, and PEW having the highest affinity for active sites of the PAPRγ receptor (binding energies from -5.32 to -7.04 kcal/mol). These peptides could show antiadipogenic or antidiabetic activity based on the intermolecular bond energies and open an interesting research item.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Felipe de Jesús Ruiz-López
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Minerva Bautista-Villarreal
- Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Juan Gabriel Báez-González
- Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Adriana Rodríguez Romero
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en la Industria Alimentaria, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Blanca Edelia González-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Manuel López-Cabanillas Lomelí
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alberto Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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Zhang X, Su L, Sun K. Expression status and prognostic value of the perilipin family of genes in breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4450-4463. [PMID: 34150026 PMCID: PMC8205812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Perilipin (PLIN) family of genes were previously shown to be involved in the formation and degradation of Lipid Droplets (LDs). In addition, they may play important roles in the development and progression of breast cancer. However, the prognostic value of PLIN family members in breast cancer patients remains unclear. METHODS Mutations and copy number alterations of PLIN family genes in breast cancer were examined using the cBioportal for Cancer Genomics. In addition, the expression patterns of PLIN family genes were explored using the UCSC Xena online tool. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to investigate the prognostic value of PLIN family genes in breast cancer. RESULTS The findings revealed a low frequency of genetic alterations and amplification was the most frequent change in the PLIN family genes. Additionally, there was an increase in the expression of Perilipin 3 (PLIN3) in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues. However, expression of the other genes in the PLIN family was significantly lower in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues. Moreover, there was an increase in the expression levels of Perilipin 1 (PLIN1), PLIN3, Perilipin 4 (PLIN4) and Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) in the luminal A and luminal B subgroups. On the other hand, the expression of Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) was elevated in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and basal-like subgroups. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis demonstrated that high expression of PLIN1 might predict a longer Overall Survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer while overexpression of PLIN2 indicated poor OS of breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION The findings from this study indicated that genes in the PLIN family were aberrantly expressed in breast cancer and may serve as novel therapeutic targets as well as prognostic biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuede Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s HospitalNingbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Oncology, Zhangqiu District People’s HospitalJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People’s HospitalLiuzhou 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Natural products and analogs as preventive agents for metabolic syndrome via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113535. [PMID: 33992930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and synthetic analogs have drawn much attention as potential therapeutical drugs to treat metabolic syndrome. We reviewed the underlying mechanisms of 32 natural products and analogs with potential pharmacological effects in vitro, and especially in rodent models and/or patients, that usually act on the PPAR pathway, along with other molecular targets. Recent outstanding total syntheses or semisyntheses of these lead compounds are stated. In general, they can activate the transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARγ, PPARα/γ, PPARβ/δ, PPARα/δ, PPARγ/δ and panPPAR as weak, partial agonists or selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM), which may be useful for managing obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and non-fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Terpenoids is the largest group of compounds that act as potential modulators on PPARs and are comprised from small lipophilic cannabinoids to lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes and polar saponins. Shikimates-phenylpropanoids include polar heterocyclic flavonoids and phenolic compounds containing at least one C3-C6 unit and usually a double bond on the propyl chain. Quercetin (19), resveratrol (24) and curcumin (27), stand out from this group for exhibiting beneficial effects on patients. Alkaloids, the minor group of potential modulators on PPARs, include berberine (30), which has been widely explored in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential beneficial effects on T2D and dyslipidemia. However, large-scale clinical trials may be warranted for the promising compounds.
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29
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Shafiq N, Arshad U, Yaqoob N, Khan J, Khan A, Saleem K, Rashid M, Rafiq N, Ahmad R, Javaid I, Noreen S, Bilal M. Structure-based experimental and theoretical analysis of Ricinus communis for their HepG2 human carcinoma cell line inhibitors. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Inhibition of Notch Signaling Promotes the Differentiation of Epicardial Progenitor Cells into Adipocytes. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8859071. [PMID: 33897781 PMCID: PMC8052169 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8859071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of Notch signaling pathway in the differentiation of epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs) into adipocytes is unclear. The objective is to investigate the effects of Notch signaling on the differentiation of EPCs into adipocytes. Methods Frozen sections of C57BL/6J mouse hearts were used to observe epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and genetic lineage methods were used to trace EPCs. EPCs were cultured in adipogenic induction medium with Notch ligand jagged-1 or γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. The adipocyte markers, Notch signaling, and adipogenesis transcription factors were determined. Results There was EAT located at the atrial-ventricular groove in mouse. By using genetic lineage tracing methods, we found that EPCs were a source of epicardial adipocytes. EPCs had lipid droplet accumulation, and the expression of adipocyte markers FABP-4 and perilipin-1 was upregulated under adipogenic induction. Activating the Notch signaling with jagged-1 attenuated the adipogenic differentiation of EPCs and downregulated the key adipogenesis transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), while inhibiting the signaling promoted adipogenic differentiation and upregulated PPAR-γ. When blocking PPAR-γ, the role of Notch signaling in promoting adipogenic differentiation was inhibited. Conclusions EPCs are a source of epicardial adipocytes. Downregulation of the Notch signaling pathway promotes the differentiation of EPCs into adipocytes via PPAR-γ.
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Kuddus SA, Tasnim Z, Shohag MH, Yasmin T, Uddin MS, Hossain MM, Subhan N, Alam MA, Khan F. Dillenia Indica Fruit Extract Suppressed Diet-induced Obesity in Rats by Down-regulating the mRNA Level of Proadipogenic Transcription Factors and Lipid Metabolizing Enzymes. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200901173319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Dillenia indica (Family: Dilleniaceae) is an antioxidant-rich edible fruitbearing
medicinal plant. The fruit of this plant (known as elephant apple) has many uses in traditional
medicine.
Objective:
By considering its antioxidant content and ameliorating effects, this study aimed to evaluate
the anti-adipogenic effects of D. indica fruit extract (DIFE) on high-fat diet (HFD) fed obese
rats.
Methods:
Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard diet (SD), or high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD
with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg DIFE for 8 weeks. The fruit extract was given orally
by feeding gavage. The body weight, liver weight, visceral fat weight, plasma lipids, and oxidative
stress-related parameters were measured. The mRNA level of different adipogenesis related transcription
factors, lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes was also evaluated.
Results:
Consumption of DIFE daily (400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of
high-fat diet-induced body weight, liver weight, visceral fat weight, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol
level. High-fat diet-mediated elevation of oxidative stress markers was also lowered,
with a parallel augmentation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes, due to 400 mg/kg DIFE feeding.
DIFE also down-regulated the mRNA level of important pro-adipogenic factors like PPARγ,
LXRα, and SREBP1c which consequently downregulated the transcript levels of lipogenic enzymes:
ACC, FAS, HMGCR, and DGAT. The transcript level of lipolytic enzyme, HSL was also
down-regulated in 400 mg/kg DIFE-fed rats.
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that the antioxidant-rich ethanolic extract of D. indica fruit
can down-regulate the gene expression of pro-adipogenic transcription factors and lipid metabolizing
enzymes and thus can suppress diet-induced obesity in Wistar rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. Kuddus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zarin Tasnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman Shohag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad M. Hossain
- North South University, Genome Research Institute (NGRI), Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdous Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
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Kolb H, Martin S, Kempf K. Coffee and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Arguments for a Causal Relationship. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041144. [PMID: 33807132 PMCID: PMC8066601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies concur in an association between habitual coffee consumption and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Several aspects of these studies support a cause–effect relationship. There is a dependency on daily coffee dose. Study outcomes are similar in different regions of the world, show no differences between sexes, between obese versus lean, young versus old, smokers versus nonsmokers, regardless of the number of confounders adjusted for. Randomized controlled intervention trials did not find a consistent impact of drinking coffee on acute metabolic control, except for effects of caffeine. Therefore, lowering of diabetes risk by coffee consumption does not involve an acute effect on the post-meal course of blood glucose, insulin or insulin resistance. Several studies in animals and humans find that the ingestion of coffee phytochemicals induces an adaptive cellular response characterized by upregulation and de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in cell defense and repair. A key regulator is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in association with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMP-activated kinase and sirtuins. One major site of coffee actions appears to be the liver, causing improved fat oxidation and lower risk of steatosis. Another major effect of coffee intake is preservation of functional beta cell mass via enhanced mitochondrial function, lower endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevention or clearance of aggregates of misfolded proinsulin or amylin. Long-term preservation of proper liver and beta cell function may account for the association of habitual coffee drinking with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, rather than acute improvement of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-566036016
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Natural Extracts from White Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Inhibit 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Differentiation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that the consumption of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foods plays an essential role in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods: In this study, different natural extracts that include common bean polyphenol-rich extract (CBP), α-amylase inhibitor-rich extract (α-AIE), and non-starch polysaccharides-rich extract (NSP) were isolated. Their effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation were evaluated, respectively. Results: The results showed that CPB reduced the lipid content in the mature adipocytes to 79.29% (150 μg/mL) and 35.13% (300 μg/mL), and α-AIE reduced it to 90.20% (2 mg/mL) and 68.28% (4 mg/mL), while NSP exhibited an auxo-action, suggesting that both CBP and a-AIE inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation. Additionally, CBP significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression level and the protein expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), sterol-regulatory element binding proteins 1 c (SREBP-1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and fatty acid binding protein (ap2). Meanwhile, α-AIE only showed significant suppression effects on PPARγ, C/EBPα, and ap2 at the high dose of 4 mg/mL (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that CBP, from white common bean, might be the major component responsible for the inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation.
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Jeevanandam J, Chan YS, Danquah MK. Cytotoxicity and insulin resistance reversal ability of biofunctional phytosynthesized MgO nanoparticles. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:489. [PMID: 33123456 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the cytotoxicity of hexagonal MgO nanoparticles synthesized via Amaranthus tricolor leaf extract and spherical MgO nanoparticles synthesized via Amaranthus blitum and Andrographis paniculata leaf extracts. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that the hexagonal MgO nanoparticles synthesized from A. tricolor extract demonstrated the least toxicity to both diabetic and non-diabetic cells at 600 μl/ml dosage. The viability of the diabetic cells (3T3-L1) after incubation with varying dosages of MgO nanoparticles was observed to be 55.3%. The viability of normal VERO cells was 86.6% and this stabilized to about 75% even after exposure to MgO nanoparticles dosage of up to 1000 μl/ml. Colorimetric glucose assay revealed that the A. tricolor extract synthesized MgO nanoparticles resulted in ~ 28% insulin resistance reversal. A reduction in the expression of GLUT4 protein at 54 KDa after MgO nanopaSrticles incubation with diabetic cells was observed via western blot analysis to confirm insulin reversal ability. Fluorescence microscopic analysis with propidium iodide and acridine orange dyes showed the release of reactive oxygen species as a possible mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of MgO nanoparticles. It was inferred that the synergistic effect of the phytochemicals and MgO nanoparticles played a significant role in delivering enhanced insulin resistance reversal capability in adipose cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Yen San Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA
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Aranaz P, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, Romo-Hualde A, López-Yoldi M, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Phenolic Compounds Reduce the Fat Content in Caenorhabditis elegans by Affecting Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, and Different Stress Responses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E355. [PMID: 33143060 PMCID: PMC7693530 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with bioactive compounds capable of regulating energy homeostasis is a promising strategy to manage obesity. Here, we have screened the ability of different phenolic compounds (myricetin, kaempferol, naringin, hesperidin, apigenin, luteolin, resveratrol, curcumin, and epicatechin) and phenolic acids (p-coumaric, ellagic, ferulic, gallic, and vanillic acids) regulating C. elegans fat accumulation. Resveratrol exhibited the strongest lipid-reducing activity, which was accompanied by the improvement of lifespan, oxidative stress, and aging, without affecting worm development. Whole-genome expression microarrays demonstrated that resveratrol affected fat mobilization, fatty acid metabolism, and unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER), mimicking the response to calorie restriction. Apigenin induced the oxidative stress response and lipid mobilization, while vanillic acid affected the unfolded-protein response in ER. In summary, our data demonstrates that phenolic compounds exert a lipid-reducing activity in C. elegans through different biological processes and signaling pathways, including those related with lipid mobilization and fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, aging, and UPR-ER response. These findings open the door to the possibility of combining them in order to achieve complementary activity against obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (D.N.-H.); (M.Z.); (A.R.-H.); (M.L.-Y.); (F.I.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - David Navarro-Herrera
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (D.N.-H.); (M.Z.); (A.R.-H.); (M.L.-Y.); (F.I.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Zabala
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (D.N.-H.); (M.Z.); (A.R.-H.); (M.L.-Y.); (F.I.M.)
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (D.N.-H.); (M.Z.); (A.R.-H.); (M.L.-Y.); (F.I.M.)
| | - Miguel López-Yoldi
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (D.N.-H.); (M.Z.); (A.R.-H.); (M.L.-Y.); (F.I.M.)
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (D.N.-H.); (M.Z.); (A.R.-H.); (M.L.-Y.); (F.I.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos J. González-Navarro
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (D.N.-H.); (M.Z.); (A.R.-H.); (M.L.-Y.); (F.I.M.)
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Rufino AT, Costa VM, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:556-585. [PMID: 33084093 DOI: 10.1002/med.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects all age groups in both developing and developed countries. In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached pandemic levels, resulting in a dramatic increase in the incidence of various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, consequently leading to massive health and socioeconomic burdens. Together with lifestyle changes, antiobesity pharmacotherapy is gaining momentum as an adjunctive treatment. However, the available pharmacological approaches have limited use owing to either significant adverse effects or low efficacy. Over the years, natural products have been an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, flavonoids are associated with important biological effects and health-promoting activities. In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of flavonoids on obesity and their potential mechanisms of action. The literature strongly suggests that most common flavonoids demonstrate a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by their ability to lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, both in in vitro and in vivo models. The impact of flavonoids on obesity can be observed through different mechanisms: reducing food intake and fat absorption, increasing energy expenditure, modulating lipid metabolism, or regulating gut microbiota profile. A better understanding of the known antiobesity mechanisms of flavonoids will enable their potential use to treat this medical condition. Therefore, this review focuses on the putative biological mechanisms through which flavonoids may prevent or treat obesity and highlights new perspectives on future pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Anthocyanin-Enriched Riceberry Rice Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Downregulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors and Their Targeting Genes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082480. [PMID: 32824545 PMCID: PMC7469062 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Riceberry rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a new pigmented variety of rice from Thailand. Despite its high anthocyanin content, its effect on adipogenesis and adipocyte function remains unexplored. We investigated whether Riceberry rice extract (RBE) impacted cell proliferation by examining viability and cell cycle, using preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. To test RBE's effect on adipocyte formation, cells were cultured in adipogenic medium supplemented with extract and adipocyte number and triglyceride levels were quantified. Furthermore, Akt1 phosphorylation along with RT-qPCR and intracellular calcium imaging were performed to obtain an insight into its mechanism of action. The effect of RBE on adipocyte function was investigated using glucose uptake and lipolysis assays. Treatment of cells with RBE decreased preadipocyte number without cytotoxicity despite inducing cell cycle arrest (p < 0.05). During adipogenic differentiation, RBE supplementation reduced adipocyte number and triglyceride accumulation by downregulating transcription factors (e.g., PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ) and their target genes (p < 0.05). The Akt1 phosphorylation was decreased by RBE but insignificance, however, the extract failed to increase intracellular calcium signals. Finally, the treatment of adipocytes with RBE reduced glucose uptake by downregulating Glut4 mRNA expression and enhanced isoproterenol-induced lipolysis (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that RBE could potentially be used in the treatment of obesity by inhibiting adipocyte formation and proliferation.
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Zakłos-Szyda M, Pietrzyk N, Szustak M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus L. Juice Phenolics Inhibit Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells Adipogenesis and Pancreatic Lipase Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072003. [PMID: 32640537 PMCID: PMC7400830 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viburnum opulus L. fruit is a rich source of phenolic compounds that may be involved in the prevention of metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Viburnum opulus fresh juice (FJ) and juice purified by solid-phase extraction (PJ) on the adipogenesis process with murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and pancreatic lipase activity in triolein emulsion, as well as their phenolic profiles by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Decrease of lipids and triacylglycerol accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were in concordance with downregulation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPβ/α), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). Furthermore, regulation of PPARγ-mediated β-lactamase expression by V. opulus components in reporter gene assay, as well as their binding affinity to ligand-binding domain of PPARγ, were tested. In addition, the levels of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, like fatty acid synthase (FAS) or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were decreased, along with inflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα), interleukin-6 (Il-6) and leptin. Moreover, FJ and PJ were able to inhibit pancreatic lipase, which potentially could reduce the fat absorption from the intestinal lumen and the storage of body fat in the adipose tissues. Thirty-two phenolic compounds with chlorogenic acid as the dominant compound were identified in PJ which revealed significant biological activity. These data contribute to elucidate V. opulus juice phenolic compounds’ molecular mechanism in adipogenesis regulation in 3T3-L1 cells and dietary fat lipolysis.
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Aranaz P, Zabala M, Romo-Hualde A, Navarro-Herrera D, López-Yoldi M, Vizmanos JL, Martínez JA, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. A combination of borage seed oil and quercetin reduces fat accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:4512-4524. [PMID: 32391533 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic properties of omega-6 fatty acid consumption are being increasingly accepted. We had previously observed that supplementation with a borage seed oil (BSO), as a source of linoleic (18:2n-6; LA) and gamma-linolenic (18:3n-6; GLA) acids, reduces body weight and visceral adiposity and improves insulin sensitivity in a diet-induced obesity model of Wistar rats. Here, it was investigated whether the anti-obesogenic properties of BSO could be maintained in a pre-obese model of rats, and if these effects are enhanced by a combination with low doses of quercetin, together with its potential role in the regulation of the adipocyte biology. The combination of BSO and quercetin during 8 weeks was able to ameliorate glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and to improve liver steatosis. Although no effects were observed on body weight, animals supplemented with this combination exhibited a lower proportion of visceral adiposity. In addition, in vitro differentiation of epididymal adipose-precursor cells of the BSO-treated animals exhibited a down-regulation of Fasn, Glut4, Pparg and Srebp1 genes, in comparison with the control group. Finally, in vitro evaluation of the components of BSO demonstrated that the anti-adipogenic activity of quercetin was significantly potentiated by the combination with both LA and GLA through the down-regulation of different adipogenesis-key genes in 3T3-L1 cells. All these data suggest that omega-6 fatty acids LA and GLA, and their natural sources such as BSO, could be combined with quercetin to potentiate their effects in the prevention of the excess of adiposity and the insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Spain.
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Senthil R, Sakthivel M, Usha S. Structure-based drug design of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibitors: ferulic acid and derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1295-1311. [PMID: 32151198 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1740790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), ligand-activated transcription factor, is a key modulator of genes considered in diabetes development as well as treatment. Adipogenesis differentiation through PPARγ, CCAAT-enhancer protein alpha (C/EBPα) is identified as a critical mechanism in fat accumulation and weight gain. Polyphenols studied against adipocyte differentiation is taken up for consistent support and drug discovery. Structure-based drug design found useful to distinguish the underlying mechanism of receptor-ligand interaction and function. In this work, phenolic acids, ferulic acid and its derivatives are used as ligands. Molecular parameters have been set to filter and sort the 34 derivatives from ZINC and PubChem databases. Besides, for affinity and activity identification, troglitazone and resveratrol co-crystallized ligands have been studied. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity, density functional theory, highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital values and docking scores define the drug candidate as a potential inhibitor. Residues Ser 342 and Arg 280 bind with the ligands by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. Based on the docking score, pharmacophore properties and functional energy values of the top six compounds are chosen for molecular dynamics and simulation. Consistency and stability maintained throughout the simulation up to 50 ns were observed. Free binding energy values and standard deviation of receptor and ligand calculated using molecular mechanics-generalized Born and surface area solvation method (MM_GBSA) is found significant. Therefore, ferulic acid derivatives and phenolic acids could be a potential inhibitor for adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renganathan Senthil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.,Lysine Biotech Private Limited, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manokaran Sakthivel
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Singaravelu Usha
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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Tutino V, Gigante I, Scavo MP, Refolo MG, De Nunzio V, Milella RA, Caruso MG, Notarnicola M. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Enzyme Inhibition by Grape Skin Extracts Affects Membrane Fluidity in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030693. [PMID: 32143529 PMCID: PMC7146266 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyphenolic compounds present in grape extracts have chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Here, we studied the ability of two grape skin extracts (GSEs), Autumn Royal and Egnatia, to influence the cell motility and membrane fluidity regulated by the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) which increases with the cancer aggressiveness. Caco2 and SW480 human colon cancer cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of GSEs to evaluate cell proliferation and motility. SCD1 levels were evaluated in both treated cell lines, by membrane lipidomic analysis conducted by gas chromatography. The expression levels of SCD1 and other factors involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions were assessed by Real-time PCR, Western Blotting, and Immunofluorescence staining. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were performed to determine the phenolic composition in the GSEs, finding them more expressed in Autumn Royal than in Egnatia. Both treatments reduced the levels of SCD1, phospho-Rac1/Cdc42/Rac1/Cdc42 ratio, Cofilin, Vimentin, and phospho-Paxillin especially in Caco2 compared to SW480, showing a different behavior of the two cell lines to these natural compounds. Our findings show that GSEs block the cell migration and membrane fluidity through a new mechanism of action involving structural cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Isabella Gigante
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Refolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Rosa Anna Milella
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 70010 Turi, Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4994342
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Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Properties from Canola Meal Extracts Inhibit Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010001. [PMID: 31861265 PMCID: PMC6982243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraction of phenolic compounds from canola meal produces functional health products and renders the canola meal a more digestible animal feed. The extracted phenolics may have novel bioactivity worth investigation. In this study, several solvents were evaluated for their ability to extract phenolic compounds from canola meal: water (WE) and various 80% organic solvent/water mixtures of methanol (ME), acetone (AE), ethanol (EE), butanol (BE), chloroform (CE) and hexane (HE). The in vitro antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of various extracts were investigated. Anti-obesity properties were studied using adipogenic differentiation inhibition of a murine mesenchymal stem cell line (C3H10T1/2) and a pancreatic lipase inhibition assay. AE, ME, and BE showed significant (p < 0.05) adipogenesis and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities and may have more pharmacological properties. AE down-regulated the gene expression of the major adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), correlating to phenolic content in a dose-dependent manner. The chemical characterization of AE revealed the presence of sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol derivatives as main bioactive phenols.
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Xiong H, Wang J, Ran Q, Lou G, Peng C, Gan Q, Hu J, Sun J, Yao R, Huang Q. Hesperidin: A Therapeutic Agent For Obesity. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3855-3866. [PMID: 32009777 PMCID: PMC6859214 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s227499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by multiple factors and is considered to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke and various cancers. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside, is a natural phenolic compound with a wide range of biological effects. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that hesperidin possesses inhibitory effect against obesity diseases. Our review discusses mechanisms of hesperidin in the treatment of obesity. Hesperidin regulates lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism by mediating AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways, directly regulates antioxidant index and anti-apoptosis, and indirectly mediates NF-κB signaling pathway to regulate inflammation to play a role in the treatment of obesity. In addition, hesperidin-enriched dietary supplements can significantly improve symptoms such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Further clinical trials are also required for confirming lipid-lowering efficacy of this natural flavonoid and evaluating its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilin Sun
- Sichuan Fuzheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchuan Yao
- Sichuan Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Hajighasemi S, Jamialahmadi T, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. The Effect of Curcumin on the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mesodermal Lineage. Molecules 2019; 24:E4029. [PMID: 31703322 PMCID: PMC6891787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been placed at the forefront of the researcher's attention due to its pleiotropic pharmacological effects and health benefits. A considerable volume of articles has pointed out curcumin's effects on the fate of stem cell differentiation. In this review, a descriptive mechanism of how curcumin affects the outcome of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the mesodermal lineage-i.e., adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte differentiation-is compiled from the literature. The sections include the mechanism of inhibition or induction of MSCs differentiation to each lineage, their governing molecular mechanisms, and their signal transduction pathways. The effect of different curcumin doses and its structural modifications on the MSCs differentiation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran; (A.M.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran; (A.M.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Saeideh Hajighasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-34199, Iran;
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Jack BU, Malherbe CJ, Mamushi M, Muller CJF, Joubert E, Louw J, Pheiffer C. Adipose tissue as a possible therapeutic target for polyphenols: A case for Cyclopia extracts as anti-obesity nutraceuticals. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109439. [PMID: 31590126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant contributor to increased morbidity and premature mortality due to increasing the risk of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective first-line treatment strategies used in the management of obesity. However, adherence to these behavioral changes is poor, with an increased reliance on synthetic drugs, which unfortunately are plagued by adverse effects. The identification of new and safer anti-obesity agents is thus of significant interest. In recent years, plants and their phenolic constituents have attracted increased attention due to their health-promoting properties. Amongst these, Cyclopia, an endemic South African plant commonly consumed as a herbal tea (honeybush), has been shown to possess modulating properties against oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Likewise, several studies have reported that some of the major phenolic compounds present in Cyclopia spp. exhibit anti-obesity effects, particularly by targeting adipose tissue. These phenolic compounds belong to the xanthone, flavonoid and benzophenone classes. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Cyclopia extracts as an anti-obesity nutraceutical as underpinned by in vitro and in vivo studies and the underlying cellular mechanisms and biological pathways regulated by their phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mokadi Mamushi
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Rebollo-Hernanz M, Zhang Q, Aguilera Y, Martín-Cabrejas MA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Relationship of the Phytochemicals from Coffee and Cocoa By-Products with their Potential to Modulate Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E279. [PMID: 31387271 PMCID: PMC6721099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the phytochemicals from coffee and cocoa by-products and their relationship with the potential for reducing markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, adipogenesis, and insulin resistance in vitro. We characterized the phytochemical profile of extracts from coffee husk, coffee silverskin, and cocoa shell and evaluated their in vitro biological activity in RAW264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Pearson correlations and principal component regressions were performed to find the contribution of phytochemicals and underlying mechanisms of action. Coffee husk and silverskin extracts were mainly composed of caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Major components in cocoa shell included theobromine and protocatechuic acid. Both coffee and cocoa by-product extracts effectively reduced inflammatory markers in macrophages and adipocytes (NO, PGE2, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6) and the production of reactive oxygen species (21.5-66.4%). Protocatechuic and chlorogenic acids, together with caffeine, were suggested as main contributors against inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, extracts reduced lipid accumulation (4.1-49.1%) in adipocytes by regulating lipolysis and inducing adipocyte browning. Gallic and chlorogenic acids were associated with reduced adipogenesis, and caffeine with adipocyte browning. Extracts from coffee and cocoa by-products also modulated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor signaling pathway and stimulated GLUT-4 translocation (52.4-72.9%), increasing glucose uptake. The insulin-sensitizing potential of the extracts was mainly associated with protocatechuic acid. For the first time, we identified the phytochemicals from coffee and cocoa by-products and offered new insights into their associations with biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, adipogenesis, and insulin resistance in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Martín-Cabrejas
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Wang Z, Dai Z, Luo Z, Zuo C. Identification of Pyrvinium, an Anthelmintic Drug, as a Novel Anti-Adipogenic Compound Based on the Gene Expression Microarray and Connectivity Map. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132391. [PMID: 31261664 PMCID: PMC6650900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem, while the current anti-obesity drugs are not very effective. The Connectivity Map (C-Map), an in-silico drug screening approach based on gene expression profiles, has recently been indicated as a promising strategy for drug repositioning. In this study, we performed mRNA expression profile analysis using microarray technology and identified 435 differentially expressed genes (DEG) during adipogenesis in both C3H10T1/2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Then, DEG signature was uploaded into C-Map, and using pattern-matching methods we discovered that pyrvinium, a classical anthelminthic, is a novel anti-adipogenic differentiation agent. Pyrvinium suppressed adipogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by Oil Red O staining and the mRNA levels of adipogenic markers. Furthermore, we identified that the inhibitory effect of pyrvinium was resulted primarily from the early stage of adipogenesis. Molecular studies showed that pyrvinium downregulated the expression of key transcription factors C/EBPa and PPARγ. The mRNA levels of notch target genes Hes1 and Hey1 were obviously reduced after pyrvinium treatment. Taken together, this study identified many differentially expressed genes involved in adipogenesis and demonstrated for the first time that pyrvinium is a novel anti-adipogenic compound for obesity therapy. Meanwhile, we provided a new strategy to explore potential anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonggui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicong Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Changqing Zuo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
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