1
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Li Z, Huang L, Cheng L, Guo W, Ye R. Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Sensors in Health Monitoring: Progress, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400118. [PMID: 38597770 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The rising global population and improved living standards have led to an alarming increase in non-communicable diseases, notably cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, posing a severe threat to human health. Wearable sensing devices, utilizing micro-sensing technology for real-time monitoring, have emerged as promising tools for disease prevention. Among various sensing platforms, graphene-based sensors have shown exceptional performance in the field of micro-sensing. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology, a cost-effective and facile method for graphene preparation, has gained particular attention. By converting polymer films directly into patterned graphene materials at ambient temperature and pressure, LIG offers a convenient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods, opening up innovative possibilities for electronic device fabrication. Integrating LIG-based sensors into health monitoring systems holds the potential to revolutionize health management. To commemorate the tenth anniversary of the discovery of LIG, this work provides a comprehensive overview of LIG's evolution and the progress of LIG-based sensors. Delving into the diverse sensing mechanisms of LIG-based sensors, recent research advances in the domain of health monitoring are explored. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges associated with LIG-based sensors in health monitoring are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Libei Huang
- Division of Science, Engineering and Health Study, School of Professional Education and Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU SPEED), Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Le Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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2
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Santos-Betancourt A, Santos-Ceballos JC, Alouani MA, Malik SB, Romero A, Ramírez JL, Vilanova X, Llobet E. ZnO Decorated Graphene-Based NFC Tag for Personal NO 2 Exposure Monitoring during a Workday. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1431. [PMID: 38474967 DOI: 10.3390/s24051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the integration of a sensing layer over interdigitated electrodes and an electronic circuit on the same flexible printed circuit board. This integration provides an effective technique to use this design as a wearable gas measuring system in a target application, exhibiting high performance, low power consumption, and being lightweight for on-site monitoring. The wearable system proves the concept of using an NFC tag combined with a chemoresistive gas sensor as a cumulative gas sensor, having the possibility of holding the data for a working day, and completely capturing the exposure of a person to NO2 concentrations. Three different types of sensors were tested, depositing the sensing layers on gold electrodes over Kapton substrate: bare graphene, graphene decorated with 5 wt.% zinc oxide nanoflowers, or nanopillars. The deposited layers were characterized using FESEM, EDX, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy to determine their crystalline structure, morphological and chemical compositions. The gas sensing performance of the sensors was analyzed against NO2 (dry and humid conditions) and other interfering species (dry conditions) to check their sensitivity and selectivity. The resultant-built wearable NFC tag system accumulates the data in a non-volatile memory every minute and has an average low power consumption of 24.9 µW in dynamic operation. Also, it can be easily attached to a work vest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santos-Betancourt
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - José Carlos Santos-Ceballos
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Mohamed Ayoub Alouani
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Shuja Bashir Malik
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alfonso Romero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - José Luis Ramírez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Xavier Vilanova
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Eduard Llobet
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
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3
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Li Z, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wu J. Single-layer graphene based resistive humidity sensor enhanced by graphene quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:185503. [PMID: 38358678 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad22ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene is broadly applied as sensitive sensing material results from its superb features. Concurrently, as a derivative of graphene with 0D structure, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) offer more possibilities as a supportive sensing material due to its adjustable size and functional group modification. In this work, GQDs are introduced to single-layer graphene (SLG) based humidity sensor to enhance the sensing performance. Specifically, consistent resistance response to relative humidity (RH) is extended from the range of 10%-60% to 10%-90% by contrary to original SLG based sensor. Parallelly, effect of the amount of GQDs is investigated by means of multiple GQDs deposition. As the resultant higher binding efficiency between water molecules and the functional groups of GQDs, improved response rate is observed. For the case of 4-time deposition of GQDs, the response rate (ΔR/R) reaches ∼130% in RH range of 10%-90%. Besides, the response time and recovery time are ∼0.7 s and ∼1.1 s, respectively. The fluctuation of the resistance change of the sensor under constant humidity is less than 5% over a month which demonstrates long-term reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- School of Measurement and Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Cheng
- School of Measurement and Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Measurement and Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- School of Measurement and Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhan Wu
- School of Measurement and Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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4
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Han Z, Zhu H, Cheng JH. Constructing a novel humidity sensor using acrylic acid/bagasse cellulose porous hydrogel combining graphene oxide and citral for antibacterial and intelligent fruit preservation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121639. [PMID: 38142104 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel hydrogel humidity sensor was developed using acrylic acid/bagasse cellulose (AA/BC) porous hydrogel triggered by cold plasma (CP) combining graphene oxide (GO) and embedding citral for antibacterial and intelligent fruit preservation. Results showed that both GO and citral were loaded in AA/BC and had strong hydrogen bond interaction with hydrogel. Acrylic acid/bagasse cellulose/graphene oxide (AA/BC/GO) showed the highest humidity response when the compound concentration of GO was 1.0 mg/mL and the test frequency was 1 kHz, and exhibited high electrical conductivity (-2.6 mS/cm). In addition, in continuous and cyclic relative humidity (RH) tests, the response time of AA/BC/GO from 33.70 % RH to 75.30 % RH was about 177.4 s and the recovery time was about 150.6 s, with excellent sensitivity and durability. The sensors also revealed remarkable antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, among which acrylic acid/bagasse cellulose/graphene oxide-citral (AA/BC/GO-C) was the most prominent, and could extend the shelf life of mangoes for about 8 days. By intuitively judging the appearances and total color difference (TCD) of the hydrogel sensors, it could play the role of intelligent preservation by connecting their water absorption and the release of citral. Therefore, this work provided innovative strategies for the application of hydrogel sensors in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuorui Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Antonova IV, Poteryayev DA, Ivanov AI, Nebogatikova NA, Shavelkina MB. Graphene-based multifunctional humidity sensors with an ultrahigh current response. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5489-5498. [PMID: 38282480 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05458f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Prospective composites, based on graphene (G) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles, synthesized using a plasma jet and conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, were used to create and study a set of sensors in the current study. The composites used were G:PEDOT:PSS (GPP) and G:h-BN:PEDOT:PSS (GBNPP). The PEDOT:PSS content in the composites was 10-3 wt%, and the ratio of G : h-BN was 1 : 1 in GBNPP. The development of these new highly conductive graphene-based composites makes it possible to create an active sensor layer with an ultra-low thickness of several nanometers. The ultra-high sensitivity of the current response, S, was ((2.0-3.3) × 106)% for GPP and GBNPP (2-3 printing layers) for a humidity range of 20-80%. The sensor response in the form of current pulses associated with human breathing has a range of ∼2-3 orders of magnitude. Two different processes are assumed to determine the form of the current pulse: the first is a fast process with a rise time of less than 1-4 seconds; the second is a relatively slow process with a front time of several tens of seconds. When touching with a finger (useful, for instance, for a flexible touchpad), a current response was observed as pulses of ∼2-3 orders of magnitude. We hypothesize that skin sweat is likely to play a critical role in the sensory response. Thus, this work presents an effective approach to creating a highly sensitive humidity sensor based on composite 2D materials. Moreover, the ultra-high sensitivity of the studied sensors is accompanied by their low cost and ease of manufacturing by 2D-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Antonova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 K. Marx str., Novosibirsk 630073, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Poteryayev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Artem I Ivanov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Nebogatikova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Marina B Shavelkina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, 13 Izhorskaya str., Bld.2, Moscow 125412, Russia
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6
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Muñoz R, León-Boigues L, López-Elvira E, Munuera C, Vázquez L, Mompeán F, Martín-Gago JÁ, Palacio I, García-Hernández M. Acrylates Polymerization on Covalent Plasma-Assisted Functionalized Graphene: A Route to Synthesize Hybrid Functional Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46171-46180. [PMID: 37738025 PMCID: PMC10561134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The modification of the surface properties of graphene with polymers provides a method for expanding its scope into new applications as a hybrid material. Unfortunately, the chemical inertness of graphene hinders the covalent functionalization required to build them up. Developing new strategies to enhance the graphene chemical activity for efficient and stable functionalization, while preserving its electronic properties, is a major challenge. We here devise a covalent functionalization method that is clean, reproducible, scalable, and technologically relevant for the synthesis of a large-scale, substrate-supported graphene-polymer hybrid material. In a first step, hydrogen-assisted plasma activation of p-aminophenol (p-AP) linker molecules produces their stable and covalent attachment to large-area graphene. Second, an in situ radical polymerization reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is carried out on the functionalized surface, leading to a graphene-polymer hybrid functional material. The functionalization with a hydrophilic and soft polymer modifies the hydrophobicity of graphene and might enhance its biocompatibility. We have characterized these hybrid materials by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy and studied their electrical response, confirming that the graphene/p-AP/PHEA architecture is anchored covalently by the sp3 hybridization and controlled polymerization reaction on graphene, retaining its suitable electronic properties. Among all the possibilities, we assess the proof of concept of this graphene-based hybrid platform as a humidity sensor. An enhanced sensitivity is obtained in comparison with pristine graphene and related materials. This functional nanoarchitecture and the two-step strategy open up future potential applications in sensors, biomaterials, or biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Muñoz
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Laia León-Boigues
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
- Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Elena López-Elvira
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Federico Mompeán
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Irene Palacio
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Mar García-Hernández
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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7
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Liu H, Chen K, Wu R, Pan S, Zhang C. Laser-Induced Graphene-based Flexible Substrate with Photothermal Conversion and Photoresponse Performance on Polyimide Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46550-46558. [PMID: 37734037 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based flexible electronic devices are widely used in photoelectric components and photodetectors. However, it remains a huge challenge to fabricate graphene-based flexible devices efficiently and economically. Compared with the flexible electronic devices made by combining the flexible film with metal and semiconductor materials, the graphene-based flexible substrate (GFS) can be efficiently and conveniently induced by laser direct writing on the flexible film. In this paper, the GFS with a resistance of as low as 15 Ω was successfully induced by CO2 laser on a polyimide (PI) film in one step, and the GFS surface covered with carbon nanoparticles (GFSC) with a resistance of 25 Ω was further induced by femtosecond (fs) laser reprocessing. Benefiting from the laser-induced porous graphene structure, the absorptivity of GFS is up to 90% in the wavelength range of 200-2000 nm. The formation of carbon nanoparticles on the GFSC surface further improves the absorptivity to 97.5% in a wide spectral range. Under white light irradiation of 1 sun, the surface temperature of GFS reaches 65.7 °C and that of GFSC is up to 70.8 °C within 2 min. Under the irradiation of a light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 365 nm, the highest photoresponsivity of GFS and GFSC was 8.8 and 1.3 mA/W, respectively. The response time and recovery time of GFS are 8 and 7.3 s, and those of GFSC are 8.3 and 6.7 s, respectively. Importantly, GFSC has a more stable photoresponse performance due to the better electron capture and transfer capability of carbon nanoparticles. It is believed that GFS and GFSC have great application potential in flexible photodetectors and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaishen Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Runmin Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shusheng Pan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research and Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Education Department of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Si-based Information Materials & Devices and Integrated Circuits Design, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengyun Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research and Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Education Department of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Si-based Information Materials & Devices and Integrated Circuits Design, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Wang Y, Yuan W, Yan Y, Lian Z, Chen D, Lau APT, Yu C, Lu C. Signal processing integrated with fiber-optic Vernier effect for the simultaneous measurement of relative humidity and temperature. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28636-28648. [PMID: 37710913 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel inline Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) for simultaneous relative humidity (RH) and temperature monitoring is proposed. The sensing probe consists of a section of hollow core Bragg fiber (HCBF) spliced with a single-mode fiber pigtail. The end-face of the HCBF is coated with Chitosan and ultraviolet optical adhesive (UVOA), forming two polymer layers using a well-designed fabrication process. The surfaces of the layers and splicing point will generate multiple-beam interference and form Vernier-effect (VE) related envelopes in the reflection spectrum. A signal processing (SP) method is proposed to demodulate the VE envelopes from a complicated superimposed raw spectrum. The principle of the SP algorithm is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. The sensor's RH and temperature response are studied, exhibiting a high sensitivity of about 0.437 nm/%RH and 0.29 nm/ ∘C, respectively. Using a matrix obtained from experiment results, the simultaneous RH and temperature measurement is achieved. Meanwhile, the simple fabrication process, compact size and potential for higher sensitivity makes our proposed structure integrated with the SP algorithm a promising sensor for practical RH and temperature monitoring.
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9
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Alouani MA, Casanova-Cháfer J, Güell F, Peña-Martín E, Ruiz-Martínez-Alcocer S, de Bernardi-Martín S, García-Gómez A, Vilanova X, Llobet E. ZnO-Loaded Graphene for NO 2 Gas Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6055. [PMID: 37447904 DOI: 10.3390/s23136055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of decorating graphene with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for the detection of NO2. In this regard, two graphene sensors with different ZnO loadings of 5 wt.% and 20 wt.% were prepared, and their responses towards NO2 at room temperature and different conditions were compared. The experimental results demonstrate that the graphene loaded with 5 wt.% ZnO NPs (G95/5) shows better performance at detecting low concentrations of the target gas than the one loaded with 20 wt.% ZnO NPs (G80/20). Moreover, measurements under dry and humid conditions of the G95/5 sensor revealed that the material is very sensitive to ambient moisture, showing an almost eight-fold increase in NO2 sensitivity when the background changes from dry to 70% relative humidity. Regarding sensor selectivity, it presents a significant selectivity towards NO2 compared to other gas compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ayoub Alouani
- Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan Casanova-Cháfer
- Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Frank Güell
- Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ENFOCAT-IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Peña-Martín
- Gnanomat S.L. C/Faraday, 7. Parque Científico de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Vilanova
- Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduard Llobet
- Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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10
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Mamom J, Ratanadecho P, Mingmalairak C, Rungroungdouyboon B. Humidity-Sensing Mattress for Long-Term Bedridden Patients with Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1178. [PMID: 37374763 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Designing new medical devices with advanced humidity sensors is of great significance for patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). The primary goal of this study is to test the humidity-sensing mattress system for patients with IAD in clinical settings. The design of the mattress is set at 203 cm, with 10 × 3 sensors, dimensions of 19 × 32 cm, and a weighted bearing of 200 kg. The main sensors consist of a humidity-sensing film, a thin-film electrode (6 × 0.1 mm), and a glass substrate (500 nm). The sensitivity of the test mattress system showed that the resistance-humidity sensor was at a temperature of 35 °C (V0 = 30 V, V0 = 350 mV), with slope at 1.13 V/fF, f = 1 MHz, 20-90% RH, and a response time of 20 s at 2 μm. In addition, the humidity sensor reached 90% RH, with a response time of less than 10 s, a magnitude of 107-104 Ω, 1 mol%, CrO1.5, and FO1.5, respectively. This design is not only a simple, low-cost medical sensing device, but also opens a new pathway for developing humidity-sensing mattresses in the field of flexible sensors, wearable medical diagnostic devices, and health detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpitcha Mamom
- Department of Adult Nursing and the Aged, Faculty of Nursing, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Phadungsak Ratanadecho
- Center of Excellence in Electromagnetic Energy Utilization in Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Mingmalairak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon
- Center of Excellence in Creative Engineering Design and Development, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
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11
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Sharma S, Pradhan GB, Jeong S, Zhang S, Song H, Park JY. Stretchable and All-Directional Strain-Insensitive Electronic Glove for Robotic Skins and Human-Machine Interfacing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8355-8366. [PMID: 37012260 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electronic gloves (e-gloves), with their multifunctional sensing capability, hold a promising application in robotic skin and human-machine interfaces, endowing robots with a human sense of touch. Despite the progress in developing e-gloves by exploiting flexible or stretchable sensors, existing models have inherent rigidity in their sensing area, limiting their stretchability and sensing performance. Herein, we present an all-directional strain-insensitive stretchable e-glove that successfully extends sensing functionality such as pressure, temperature, humidity, and ECG with minimal crosstalk. A scalable and facile method is successfully demonstrated by combining low-cost CO2 laser engraving and electrospinning technology to fabricate multimodal e-glove sensors with a vertical architecture. In comparison to other smart gloves, the proposed e-glove features a ripple-like meandering sensing area and interconnections that are designed to stretch in response to the applied deformation, without affecting the performance of the sensors offering full mechanical stretchability. Furthermore, CNT-coated laser-engraved graphene (CNT/LEG) is used as an active sensing material in which the cross-linking network of the CNT in the LEG minimizes the stress effect and maximizes the sensitivity of the sensors. The fabricated e-glove can detect hot/cold, moisture, and pain simultaneously and precisely, while also allowing for remote transmission of sensory data to the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Sharma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Gagan Bahadur Pradhan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Jeong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- SnE Solution Co., Ltd., 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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12
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Al-Hamry A, Lu T, Chen H, Adiraju A, Nasraoui S, Brahem A, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Weheabby S, Pašti IA, Kanoun O. Ultra-Sensitive and Fast Humidity Sensors Based on Direct Laser-Scribed Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotubes Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091473. [PMID: 37177018 PMCID: PMC10180099 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the relative humidity sensor properties of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide/multiwalled nanotubes (GO/MWNTs) composites have been investigated. Composite sensors were fabricated by direct laser scribing and characterized using UV-vis-NIR, Raman, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies, electron scanning microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and impedance spectroscopy (IS). These methods confirm the composite homogeneity and laser reduction of GO/MWNT with dominant GO characteristics, while ISresults analysis reveals the circuit model for rGO-GO-rGO structure and the effect of MWNT on the sensor properties. Although direct laser scribing of GO-based humidity sensor shows an outstanding response (|ΔZ|/|Z| up to 638,800%), a lack of stability and repeatability has been observed. GO/MWNT-based humidity sensors are more conductive than GO sensors and relatively less sensitive (|ΔZ|/|Z| = 163,000%). However, they are more stable in harsh humid conditions, repeatable, and reproducible even after several years of shelf-life. In addition, they have fast response/recovery times of 10.7 s and 9.3 s and an ultra-fast response time of 61 ms when abrupt humidification/dehumidification is applied by respiration. All carbon-based sensors' overall properties confirm the advantage of introducing the GO/MWNT hybrid and laser direct writing to produce stable structures and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Hamry
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Haoran Chen
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Anurag Adiraju
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Salem Nasraoui
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Amina Brahem
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saddam Weheabby
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Igor A Pašti
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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13
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Korotcenkov G, Simonenko NP, Simonenko EP, Sysoev VV, Brinzari V. Paper-Based Humidity Sensors as Promising Flexible Devices, State of the Art, Part 2: Humidity-Sensor Performances. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13081381. [PMID: 37110966 PMCID: PMC10144639 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review article covers all types of paper-based humidity sensor, such as capacitive, resistive, impedance, fiber-optic, mass-sensitive, microwave, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) humidity sensors. The parameters of these sensors and the materials involved in their research and development, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductors, and polymers, are comprehensively detailed, with a special focus on the advantages/disadvantages from an application perspective. Numerous technological/design approaches to the optimization of the performances of the sensors are considered, along with some non-conventional approaches. The review ends with a detailed analysis of the current problems encountered in the development of paper-based humidity sensors, supported by some solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Nikolay P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Elizaveta P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., 410054 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Brinzari
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
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14
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Semi-empirical infrared spectra simulation of pyrene-like molecules insight for simple analysis of functionalization graphene quantum dots. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2282. [PMID: 36759569 PMCID: PMC9911705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Infrared (IR) spectra usually assume the samples are 3D materials. Thus, it is difficult to identify functional groups in 2D materials at the edge and the center of the 2D surface. Therefore, it is crucial to introduce analysis methods that enable the investigation of 2D carbon materials such as graphene and its derivatives using IR spectra. This study calculates the infrared spectra of pyrene-like molecules as an insight for a simple analysis of graphene quantum dots using a semi-empirical method. These IR spectra were correlated to the electronic transition and charge distribution associated with functional groups. The IR spectra analysis focuses on comparing the pristine and functionalized molecule at the wavenumber 1400-2000 cm-1, especially to identify the C=C stretching mode and 3000-3500 cm-1 for C-H and OH stretching. Moreover, the determination of excitation spectra was carried out to analyze the electronic transition of the molecules in the ultraviolet-visible region (200-900 nm) calculated using ZINDO method. The investigation of the pyrene-like GQD permitted the identification of the edge and center surface functionalization in 2D carbon materials.
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15
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Lim WY, Goh CH, Yap KZ, Ramakrishnan N. One-Step Fabrication of Paper-Based Inkjet-Printed Graphene for Breath Monitor Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020209. [PMID: 36831975 PMCID: PMC9953765 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Irregularities in breathing patterns can be detected using breath monitor sensors, and this help clinicians to predict health disorders ranging from sleep disorders to heart failures. Variations in humidity during the inhalation and exhalation of breath have been utilized as a marker to detect breath patterns, and graphene-based devices are the favored sensing media for relative humidity (RH). In general, most graphene-based RH sensors have been used to explore resistance change as a measurement parameter to calibrate against the RH value, and they are prone to noise interference. Here, we fabricated RH sensors using graphene ink as a sensing medium and printed them in the shape of interdigital electrodes on glossy paper using an office inkjet printer. Further, we investigated the capacitance change in the sensor for the RH changes in the range of 10-70%. It exhibited excellent sensitivity with 0.03 pF/% RH, good stability, and high intraday and interday repeatability, with relative standard deviations of 1.2% and 2.2%, respectively. Finally, the sensor was embedded into a face mask and interfaced with a microcontroller, and capacitance change was measured under three different breathing situations: normal breathing, deep breathing, and coughing. The result show that the dominant frequency for normal breath is 0.22 Hz, for deep breath, it is 0.11 Hz, and there was no significant dominant cough frequency due to persistent coughing and inconsistent patterns. Moreover, the sensor exhibited a short response and recovery time (<5 s) during inhalation and exhalation. Thus, the proposed paper-based RH sensor is promising wearable and disposable healthcare technology for clinical and home care health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin Lim
- Nano and Micro Devices Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Hian Goh
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science (LKCFES), Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43200, Malaysia
| | - Keenan Zhihong Yap
- Nano and Micro Devices Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Narayanan Ramakrishnan
- Nano and Micro Devices Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kuzin A, Fradkin I, Chernyshev V, Kovalyuk V, An P, Golikov A, Florya I, Gippius N, Gorin D, Goltsman G. Ultrasensitive Nanophotonic Random Spectrometer with Microfluidic Channels as a Sensor for Biological Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 36615990 PMCID: PMC9824005 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spectrometers are widely used tools in chemical and biological sensing, material analysis, and light source characterization. However, an important characteristic of traditional spectrometers for biomedical applications is stable operation. It can be achieved due to high fabrication control during the development and stabilization of temperature and polarization of optical radiation during measurements. Temperature and polarization stabilization can be achieved through on-chip technology, and in turn robustness against fabrication imperfections through sensor design. Here, for the first time, we introduce a robust sensor based on a combination of nanophotonic random spectrometer and microfluidics (NRSM) for determining ultra-low concentrations of analyte in a solution. In order to study the sensor, we measure and analyze the spectra of different isopropanol solutions of known refractive indexes. Simple correlation analysis shows that the measured spectra shift with a tiny variation of the ambient liquid optical properties reaches a sensitivity of approximately 61.8 ± 2.3 nm/RIU. Robustness against fabrication imperfections leads to great scalability on a chip and the ability to operate in a huge spectral range from VIS to mid-IR. NRSM optical sensors are very promising for fast and efficient functionalization in the field of selective capture fluorescence-free oncological disease for liquid/gas biopsy in on-chip theranostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kuzin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia Fradkin
- Center for Engineering Physics, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Kovalyuk
- Laboratory of photonic Gas Sensors, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel An
- Department of Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Quantum Photonic Integrated Circuits Group, Russian Quantum Center, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Alexander Golikov
- Department of Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of photonic Gas Sensors, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Florya
- Laboratory of photonic Gas Sensors, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Gippius
- Center for Engineering Physics, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gregory Goltsman
- Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Quantum Photonic Integrated Circuits Group, Russian Quantum Center, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia
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17
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Zhang Y, Hu T, Hu R, Jiang S, Zhang C, Hou H. Thermal, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Polyimide Composite Films by In-Situ Reduction of Fluorinated Graphene. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248896. [PMID: 36558028 PMCID: PMC9788081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Materials with outstanding mechanical properties and excellent dielectric properties are increasingly favored in the microelectronics industry. The application of polyimide (PI) in the field of microelectronics is limited because of the fact that PI with excellent mechanical properties does not have special features in the dielectric properties. In this work, PI composite films with high dielectric properties and excellent mechanical properties are fabricated by in-situ reduction of fluorinated graphene (FG) in polyamide acid (PAA) composites. The dielectric permittivity of pure PI is 3.47 and the maximum energy storage density is 0.664 J/cm3 at 100 Hz, while the dielectric permittivity of the PI composite films reaches 235.74 under the same conditions, a 68-times increase compared to the pure PI, and the maximum energy storage density is 5.651, a 9-times increase compared to the pure PI films. This method not only solves the problem of the aggregation of the filler particles in the PI matrix and maintains the intrinsic excellent mechanical properties of the PI, but also significantly improves the dielectric properties of the PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Tian Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Rubei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: authors: (S.J.); (H.H.)
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Haoqing Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- Correspondence: authors: (S.J.); (H.H.)
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18
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Ma Y, Bi J, Wang H, Fan L, Zhao B, Shen L, Liu M. Mechanism of Random Telegraph Noise in 22-nm FDSOI-Based MOSFET at Cryogenic Temperatures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4344. [PMID: 36500968 PMCID: PMC9741056 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the emerging process-based transistors, random telegraph noise (RTN) has become a critical reliability problem. However, the conventional method to analyze RTN properties may not be suitable for the advanced silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based transistors, such as the fully depleted SOI (FDSOI)-based transistors. In this paper, the mechanism of RTN in a 22-nm FDSOI-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is discussed, and an improved approach to analyzing the relationship between the RTN time constants, the trap energy, and the trap depth of the device at cryogenic temperatures is proposed. The cryogenic measurements of RTN in a 22-nm FDSOI-based MOSFET were carried out and analyzed using the improved approach. In this approach, the quantum mechanical effects and diffuse scattering of electrons at the oxide-silicon interface are considered, and the slope of the trap potential determined by the gate voltage relation is assumed to decrease proportionally with temperature as a result of the electron distribution inside the top silicon, per the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. The fitted results of the improved approach have good consistency with the measured curves at cryogenic temperatures from 10 K to 100 K. The fitted trap depth was 0.13 nm, and the decrease in the fitted correction coefficient of the electron distribution proportionally with temperature is consistent with the aforementioned assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinshun Bi
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanbin Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linjie Fan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biyao Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhi Shen
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengxin Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Zhongke New Micro Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100029, China
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19
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Primo JDO, Correa JDS, Horsth DFL, Das A, Zając M, Umek P, Wattiez R, Anaissi FJ, Onderwater RCA, Bittencourt C. Antiviral Properties against SARS-CoV-2 of Nanostructured ZnO Obtained by Green Combustion Synthesis and Coated in Waterborne Acrylic Coatings. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4345. [PMID: 36500967 PMCID: PMC9740257 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for developing disinfectant surfaces as well as reducing the spread of infections on contaminated surfaces and the contamination risk from the fomite route. The present work reports on the antiviral activity of coatings containing ZnO particles obtained by two simple synthesis routes using Aloe vera (ZnO-aloe) or cassava starch (ZnO-starch) as reaction fuel. After detailed characterization using XRD and NEXAFS, the obtained ZnO particles were dispersed in a proportion of 10% with two different waterborne acrylic coatings (binder and commercial white paint) and brushed on the surface of polycarbonates (PC). The cured ZnO/coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Wettability tests were performed. The virucidal activity of the ZnO particles dispersed in the waterborne acrylic coating was compared to a reference control sample (PC plates). According to RT-PCR results, the ZnO-aloe/coating displays the highest outcome for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 using the acrylic binder, inactivating >99% of the virus after 24 h of contact relative to reference control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia de O. Primo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85-040-200, Brazil
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jamille de S. Correa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85-040-200, Brazil
| | - Dienifer F. L. Horsth
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85-040-200, Brazil
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Arkaprava Das
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marcin Zając
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre Solaris, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Kraków, Poland
| | - Polona Umek
- Solid State Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Fauze J. Anaissi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85-040-200, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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20
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Wu K, Fei T, Zhang T. Humidity Sensors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234208. [PMID: 36500831 PMCID: PMC9740828 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensors are important in industrial fields and human activities. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives are a class of promising humidity-sensing materials with the characteristics of a large specific surface area, high porosity, modifiable frameworks, and high stability. The drawbacks of MOFs, such as poor film formation, low electrical conductivity, and limited hydrophilicity, have been gradually overcome with the development of material science. Currently, it is moving towards a critical development stage of MOF-based humidity sensors from usability to ease of use, of which great challenges remain unsolved. In order to better understand the related challenges and point out the direction for the future development of MOF-based humidity sensors, we reviewed the development of such sensors based on related published work, focusing on six primary types (impedance, capacitive, resistive, fluorescent, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and others) and analyzed the sensing mechanism, material design, and sensing performance involved, and presented our thoughts on the possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng Fei
- Correspondence: author: (T.F.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-8385 (T.Z.); Fax: +86-431-8516-827 (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Correspondence: author: (T.F.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-8385 (T.Z.); Fax: +86-431-8516-827 (T.Z.)
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21
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Anabestani H, Nabavi S, Bhadra S. Advances in Flexible Organic Photodetectors: Materials and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3775. [PMID: 36364551 PMCID: PMC9655925 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Future electronics will need to be mechanically flexible and stretchable in order to enable the development of lightweight and conformal applications. In contrast, photodetectors, an integral component of electronic devices, remain rigid, which prevents their integration into everyday life applications. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid photodetectors, particularly their low mechanical deformability. One of the most promising routes toward facilitating the fabrication of flexible photodetectors is to replace conventional optoelectronic materials with nanomaterials or organic materials that are intrinsically flexible. Compared with other functional materials, organic polymers and molecules have attracted more attention for photodetection applications due to their excellent photodetection performance, cost-effective solution-fabrication capability, flexible design, and adaptable manufacturing processes. This article comprehensively discusses recent advances in flexible organic photodetectors in terms of optoelectronic, mechanical properties, and hybridization with other material classes. Furthermore, flexible organic photodetector applications in health-monitoring sensors, X-ray detection, and imager devices have been surveyed.
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22
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Shi K, Hu M, Huang P. Influences of Relative Humidity and Dwell Time on Silica/Graphene Adhesion Force of a Cone-Plane Contact. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12432-12440. [PMID: 36194826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has exceptional electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, and it is expected to have important applications in integrated circuits and other microelectronic fields. Its performances are greatly affected by surface adhesion force when it is used in a humid environment. In this paper, based on the law of variable water contact angle changing in the process of water vapor condensation, we established a cone-plane contact model, which is related to relative humidity and dwell time, to reveal the internal mechanism of the influence of relative humidity and dwell time on silica/graphene adhesion force. First, the silica/graphene adhesion force dependence of dwell time was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at 45-85% RH. Then, the changing process of the meniscus between the AFM tip and the graphene surface was discussed, and the function of adhesion force with variables of dwell time and contact angle was established. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental results were compared and analyzed. The results show that with the increase of relative humidity and dwell time, the capillary condensation increases, but the water contact angle of the cone material decreases. This causes the adhesion force to increase first and then decrease after it reaches a threshold value. Furthermore, the variable water contact angle of the graphene surface increases, but the adhesion force decreases gradually with the increase of surface water film. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Manfeng Hu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou510430, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
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Malešević J, Kostić M, Jure FA, Spaich EG, Došen S, Ilić V, Bijelić G, Štrbac M. Electrotactile Communication via Matrix Electrode Placed on the Torso Using Fast Calibration, and Static vs. Dynamic Encoding. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7658. [PMID: 36236758 PMCID: PMC9572222 DOI: 10.3390/s22197658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrotactile stimulation is a technology that reproducibly elicits tactile sensations and can be used as an alternative channel to communicate information to the user. The presented work is a part of an effort to develop this technology into an unobtrusive communication tool for first responders. In this study, the aim was to compare the success rate (SR) between discriminating stimulation at six spatial locations (static encoding) and recognizing six spatio-temporal patterns where pads are activated sequentially in a predetermined order (dynamic encoding). Additionally, a procedure for a fast amplitude calibration, that includes a semi-automated initialization and an optional manual adjustment, was employed and evaluated. Twenty subjects, including twelve first responders, participated in the study. The electrode comprising the 3 × 2 matrix of pads was placed on the lateral torso. The results showed that high SRs could be achieved for both types of message encoding after a short learning phase; however, the dynamic approach led to a statistically significant improvement in messages recognition (SR of 93.3%), compared to static stimulation (SR of 83.3%). The proposed calibration procedure was also effective since in 83.8% of the cases the subjects did not need to adjust the stimulation amplitude manually.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabricio A. Jure
- Neurorehabilitation Systems, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Erika G. Spaich
- Neurorehabilitation Systems, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Strahinja Došen
- Neurorehabilitation Systems, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vojin Ilić
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Goran Bijelić
- Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Research Report on the Application of MEMS Sensors Based on Copper Oxide Nanofibers in the Braking of Autonomous Vehicles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:5852729. [PMID: 36105514 PMCID: PMC9467722 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5852729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel nanofiber as a humidity sensor applied to autonomous vehicles. We prepared copper oxide nanofibers by electrospinning, characterized the obtained materials by XRD, SEM, and TEM, and fabricated MEMS sensors based on copper oxide nanofibers. The humidity sensitivity performance of the sensor was tested in different humidity environments. We found that the MEMS humidity sensor based on copper oxide nanofibers can detect the change of humidity in the environment over a large humidity range. Its fast response/mixing speed (1 s), good stability, and sensitivity make it to fully adapt to the high speed of the car.
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Zhang Z, Lu T, Yang D, Lu S, Cai R, Tan W. A Dual-Function Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Flame and Humidity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203334. [PMID: 35986695 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early warning sensors rapidly monitor critical temperatures, humidity, and fires, which are crucial to reduce or avoid natural disasters in complex environments, such as fire or water disasters. Here, a highly sensitive, readable, and dual-functional sensor is designed for a fast-response fire alarm and rapid humidity detection based on sustainable biological films (named MSCG films). The MSCG films are composed of grafted sisal nanofibers (MgC), silk nanofibers, graphene, and citric acid (CA). After crosslinking with CA, MSCG films exhibit good wet strength (i.e., 128.8 MPa) after soaking in 100 °C water, thus confirming that the films would be applicable to a broad temperature range in humid environments. After flame ignition, the MSCG films are rapidly carbonized to activate an alarm sound and a light in the circuit with a fire response time as short as 1 s. It exhibits ultrafast temperature response/recovery time (i.e., 0.1 s/0.3 s) and rapid humidity response time (i.e., 0.9 s). The dual-functional sensor is further assembled into a versatile sensor system for real-time monitoring of fire accidents and environmental humidity, which can be integrated into consumer electronics, such as portable laptops and mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuocai Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tianyun Lu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Chen Q, Liu D, Huang XH, Yao Y, Mao KL. Impedance Analysis of Chitin Nanofibers Integrated Bulk Acoustic Wave Humidity Sensor with Asymmetric Electrode Configuration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12173035. [PMID: 36080072 PMCID: PMC9457807 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper fabricated a high-performance chitin nanofibers (ChNFs)-integrated bulk acoustic wave (BAW) humidity sensor with an asymmetric electrode configuration. The ChNFs were successfully prepared from crab shells and used as moisture-sensitive materials to compare the performance of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) humidity sensors with symmetric and asymmetric electrode structures. The QCM humidity sensor with a smaller electrode area exhibited high sensitivity of 58.84 Hz/%RH, competitive response/recovery time of 30/3.5 s, and low humidity hysteresis of 2.5% RH. However, it is necessary to choose a suitable electrode diameter to balance the stability and sensitivity because the impedance analysis result showed that the reduction of the electrode diameter leads to a sharp decrease in the Q value (stability). Next, the possible humidity-sensitive mechanism of the ChNFs-integrated asymmetric n-m electrode QCM humidity sensor was discussed in detail. Finally, the reasons for the highest sensitivity of the asymmetric n-m electrode QCM humidity sensors having a smaller electrode diameter were analyzed in detail in terms of both mass sensitivity and fringing field effect. This work not only demonstrates that the chitin nanofiber is an excellent potential material for moisture detection, but also provides a new perspective for designing high-performance QCM humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yao Yao
- Correspondence: (X.-H.H.); (Y.Y.)
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Huang L, Yang Y, Ti P, Su G, Yuan Q. Graphene oxide quantum dots attached on wood-derived nanocellulose to fabricate a highly sensitive humidity sensor. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119312. [PMID: 35450617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) with various carboxyl amounts were prepared via regulating its oxidation degree using TEMPO oxidation. The CNF dispersion was dropped onto the interdigital electrode to be capacitive humidity sensor by the subsequent vacuum freeze-drying. Pure CNF-7 (NaClO content of 7 mmol/g) humidity sensor involves in orderly porous structure, which displays better performance than other CNFs for its moderate carboxyl content and dimension. As uniformly adding appropriate content of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQD) with larger surface area and active sites, it can be attached on the CNF to construct a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure for their excellent aqueous dispersity as well as differences in morphology and size. Consequently, the CNF/GOQD sensor exhibits the sensitivity as high as 51,840.91 pF/% RH, short response time (30 s)/recovery time (11 s) and excellent reproducibility. The proposed method can provide effective guidance for the design of humidity sensors based on nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yutong Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pu Ti
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guoting Su
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quanping Yuan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Developing Wound Moisture Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges for Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Materials. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in polymer composites have led to new, multifunctional wound dressings that can greatly improve healing processes, but assessing the moisture status of the underlying wound site still requires frequent visual inspection. Moisture is a key mediator in tissue regeneration and it has long been recognised that there is an opportunity for smart systems to provide quantitative information such that dressing selection can be optimised and nursing time prioritised. Composite technologies have a rich history in the development of moisture/humidity sensors but the challenges presented within the clinical context have been considerable. This review aims to train a spotlight on existing barriers and highlight how laser-induced graphene could lead to emerging material design strategies that could allow clinically acceptable systems to emerge.
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Humidity Sensing Applications of Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Nanomaterials. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124146. [PMID: 35744205 PMCID: PMC9230149 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, perovskite-based nanomaterials have gained notoriety within the scientific community and have been used for a variety of viable applications. The unique structural properties of these materials, namely good direct bandgap, low density of defects, large absorption coefficient, high sensitivity, long charge carrier lifetime, good selectivity, acceptable stability at room temperature, and good diffusion length have prompted researchers to explore their potential applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, transistors, sensors, and other areas. Perovskite-based devices have shown very excellent sensing performances to numerous chemical and biological compounds in both solid and liquid mediums. When used in sensing devices, Perovskite nanomaterials are for the most part able to detect O2, NO2, CO2, H2O, and other smaller molecules. This review article looks at the use of lead-free halide perovskite materials for humidity sensing. A complete description of the underlying mechanisms and charge transport characteristics that are necessary for a thorough comprehension of the sensing performance will be provided. An overview of considerations and potential recommendations for the creation of new lead-free perovskite nanostructure-based sensors is presented.
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Banerjee AN. Green syntheses of graphene and its applications in internet of things (IoT)-a status review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:322003. [PMID: 35395654 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is a trending technological field that converts any physical object into a communicable smarter one by converging the physical world with the digital world. This innovative technology connects the device to the internet and provides a platform to collect real-time data, cloud storage, and analyze the collected data to trigger smart actions from a remote location via remote notifications, etc. Because of its wide-ranging applications, this technology can be integrated into almost all the industries. Another trending field with tremendous opportunities is Nanotechnology, which provides many benefits in several areas of life, and helps to improve many technological and industrial sectors. So, integration of IoT and Nanotechnology can bring about the very important field of Internet of Nanothings (IoNT), which can re-shape the communication industry. For that, data (collected from trillions of nanosensors, connected to billions of devices) would be the 'ultimate truth', which could be generated from highly efficient nanosensors, fabricated from various novel nanomaterials, one of which is graphene, the so-called 'wonder material' of the 21st century. Therefore, graphene-assisted IoT/IoNT platforms may revolutionize the communication technologies around the globe. In this article, a status review of the smart applications of graphene in the IoT sector is presented. Firstly, various green synthesis of graphene for sustainable development is elucidated, followed by its applications in various nanosensors, detectors, actuators, memory, and nano-communication devices. Also, the future market prospects are discussed to converge various emerging concepts like machine learning, fog/edge computing, artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain, with the graphene-assisted IoT field to bring about the concept of 'all-round connectivity in every sphere possible'.
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Graphene-Based Temperature Sensors–Comparison of the Temperature and Humidity Dependences. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091594. [PMID: 35564303 PMCID: PMC9102891 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four different graphene-based temperature sensors were prepared, and their temperature and humidity dependences were tested. Sensor active layers prepared from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (Gnp) were deposited on the substrate from a dispersion by air brush spray coating. Another sensor layer was made by graphene growth from a plasma discharge (Gpl). The last graphene layer was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (Gcvd) and then transferred onto the substrate. The structures of rGO, Gnp, and Gpl were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results confirmed the different structures of these materials. Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction was used to determine the elemental composition of the materials. Gcvd was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Elemental analysis showed different oxygen contents in the structures of the materials. Sensors with a small flake structure, i.e., rGO and Gnp, showed the highest change in resistance as a function of temperature. The temperature coefficient of resistance was 5.16−3·K−1 for Gnp and 4.86−3·K−1 for rGO. These values exceed that for a standard platinum thermistor. The Gpl and Gcvd sensors showed the least dependence on relative humidity, which is attributable to the number of oxygen groups in their structures.
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Lan L, Ping J, Xiong J, Ying Y. Sustainable Natural Bio-Origin Materials for Future Flexible Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200560. [PMID: 35322600 PMCID: PMC9130888 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible devices serve as important intelligent interfaces in various applications involving health monitoring, biomedical therapies, and human-machine interfacing. To address the concern of electronic waste caused by the increasing usage of electronic devices based on synthetic polymers, bio-origin materials that possess environmental benignity as well as sustainability offer new opportunities for constructing flexible electronic devices with higher safety and environmental adaptivity. Herein, the bio-source and unique molecular structures of various types of natural bio-origin materials are briefly introduced. Their properties and processing technologies are systematically summarized. Then, the recent progress of these materials for constructing emerging intelligent flexible electronic devices including energy harvesters, energy storage devices, and sensors are introduced. Furthermore, the applications of these flexible electronic devices including biomedical implants, artificial e-skin, and environmental monitoring are summarized. Finally, future challenges and prospects for developing high-performance bio-origin material-based flexible devices are discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic summary of the latest advances in the natural bio-origin material-based flexible devices, which is expected to offer inspirations for exploitation of green flexible electronics, bridging the gap in future human-machine-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lan
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University2999 North Renmin RoadShanghai201620China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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Dai C, Liu Y, Wei D. Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10319-10392. [PMID: 35412802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success in information technology has been sustained by the rapid growth of sensor technology. Recently, advances in sensor technology have promoted the ambitious requirement to build intelligent systems that can be controlled by external stimuli along with independent operation, adaptivity, and low energy expenditure. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistors (FETs) with channels made of two-dimensional (2D) materials attract increasing attention for advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy operation, and capability of integration. With atomic thickness, 2D materials restrict the carrier flow within the material surface and expose it directly to the external environment, leading to efficient signal acquisition and conversion. This review summarizes the latest advances of 2D-materials-based FET (2D FET) sensors in a comprehensive manner that contains the material, operating principles, fabrication technologies, proof-of-concept applications, and prototypes. First, a brief description of the background and fundamentals is provided. The subsequent contents summarize physical, chemical, and biological 2D FET sensors and their applications. Then, we highlight the challenges of their commercialization and discuss corresponding solution techniques. The following section presents a systematic survey of recent progress in developing commercial prototypes. Lastly, we summarize the long-standing efforts and prospective future development of 2D FET-based sensing systems toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Arshad F, Nabi F, Iqbal S, Khan RH. Applications of graphene-based electrochemical and optical biosensors in early detection of cancer biomarkers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112356. [PMID: 35123193 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is a one-atom-thick carbon compound, which holds promises for detecting cancer biomarkers along with its derivatives. The atom-wide graphene layer is ideal for cancer biomarker detection due to its unique physicochemical properties like increased electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency, and enhanced chemical and mechanical strength. The scientific aim of any biosensor is to create a smaller and portable point of care device for easy and early cancer detection; graphene is able to live up to that. Apart from tumour detection, graphene-based biosensors can diagnose many diseases, their biomarkers, and pathogens. Many existing remarkable pieces of research have proven the candidacy of nanoparticles in most cancer biomarkers detection. This article discusses the effectiveness of graphene-based biosensors in different cancer biomarker detection. This article provides a detailed review of graphene and its derivatives that can be used to detect cancer biomarkers with high specificity, sensitivity, and selectivity. We have highlighted the synthesis procedures of graphene and its products and also discussed their significant properties. Furthermore, we provided a detailed overview of the recent studies on cancer biomarker detection using graphene-based biosensors. The different paths to create and modify graphene surfaces for sensory applications have also been highlighted in each section. Finally, we concluded the review by discussing the existing challenges of these biosensors and also highlighted the steps that can be taken to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Sana Iqbal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India.
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Selective multiple analyte detection using multi-mode excitation of a MEMS resonator. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5297. [PMID: 35351950 PMCID: PMC8964735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports highly selective multiple analyte detection by exploiting two different mechanisms; absorption and thermal conductivity using a single MEMS device. To illustrate the concept, we utilize a resonator composed of a clamped-guided arch beam connected to a flexural beam and a T-shaped moveable mass. A finite element model is used to study the mode shapes and mechanical behavior of the device with good agreement reported with the experimental data. The resonator displays two distinct out-of-plane modes of vibration. For humidity detection, we utilize physisorption by functionalizing the surface with graphene oxide (GO), which has strong affinity toward water vapors. The GO solution is prepared and drop-casted over the mass surface using an inkjet printer. On the other hand, cooling the heated flexural beams is used for helium (He) detection (thermal-conductivity-based sensor). The sensor characteristics are extensively studied when the modes are individually and simultaneously actuated. Results affirm the successful utilization of each mode for selective detection of relative humidity and He. This novel mode-dependent selective detection of multiple analytes can be a promising building block for the development of miniature, low-powered, and selective smart sensors for modern portable electronic devices.
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Lan L, Yang X, Tang B, Yu X, Liu X, Li L, Naumov P, Zhang H. Hybrid Elastic Organic Crystals that Respond to Aerial Humidity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200196. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Baolei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Department Sciences and Engineering Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi PO Box 38044 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
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Humidity Sensor Based on rGO-SDS Composite Film. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040504. [PMID: 35457809 PMCID: PMC9031028 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on the humidity testing requirements in different environments, this paper investigates the humidity sensitivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composite film humidity sensor. In the experiments, rGO-SDS dispersions with a concentration of 5 mg/mL were prepared, and a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) process was used to prepare the interdigital electrodes. The dispersions were then drop-coated on the interdigital electrodes and dried on a heated plate at 100 °C. The surface characteristics of the rGO-SDS films transferred onto SiO2-Si substrates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested by a correlation system, which showed a linear relationship between humidity variation and the resistance variation of the sensor in the ambient humidity range of 25–95% RH. At room temperature, the linearity of the sensor is about 0.98431 and the sensitivity is about 11.41432 Ω/% RH. At 100 °C, the correlation of the sensor is about 0.95046 and the sensitivity is about 1.0145 Ω/% RH; with a response time of only 9 s at ambient humidity from 25% RH to 95% RH, the sensor has very good repeatability and stability.
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Chen Q, Huang X, Yao Y, Mao K. Analysis of the Effect of Electrode Materials on the Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Microbalance. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060975. [PMID: 35335788 PMCID: PMC8954940 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effect of electrode materials on the performance of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors by means of theoretical calculation, experiment, and finite element analysis methods. First, we calculated the particle displacement amplitude and thus obtained the mass sensitivity function distribution of QCMs with gold, silver and aluminum electrodes, and found that the QCM with the gold electrode has the highest mass sensitivity at the center of the electrode. Then, we tested the humidity-sensing performance of QCMs with gold, silver, and aluminum electrodes using graphene oxide (GO) as the sensitive material, and found that the QCM with the gold electrode has higher humidity sensitivity. Finally, we used the finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the specific electrode material parameters that affect the sensitivity of the QCMs. The simulation results show that the density and Young’s modulus of the electrode material parameters mainly affect the sensitivity. The results of this paper are instructive for optimizing QCM sensor performance and improving the capability of QCM quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yao Yao
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Y.Y.)
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40
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Vasileva F, Popov V, Antonova I, Smagulova S. Screen-Printed Structures from a Highly Conductive Mildly Oxidized Graphene Suspension for Flexible Electronics. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031256. [PMID: 35161199 PMCID: PMC8840518 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the screen-printed flexible humidity sensor and supercapacitor structures from a suspension of mildly oxidized graphene (MOG) was obtained. MOG suspension with a low atomic oxygen content (~20%) was synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate. MOG films (average thickness 5 μm) with a surface resistance of 102–103 kΩ/sq were obtained by screen printing on a flexible substrate. The thermal reduction of MOG films at 200 °C reduced the surface resistance to 1.5 kΩ/sq. The laser reduction with a 474 nm and 200 mW solid-state laser reduced the surface resistance to ~0.065 kΩ/sq. Various structures were screen-printed on a flexible substrate for a variety of flexible electronics applications. The structures representing a flat supercapacitor had an average specific capacitance of ~6 μF/cm2. The tensile deformations occurring during bending reduced the capacitance by 40% at a bending radius of 2 mm. Humidity sensing structures with sensitivity of 9% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedora Vasileva
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliy Popov
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Irina Antonova
- Laboratory of Physics and Technology of Three-Dimensional Nanostructures, Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Smagulova
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
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41
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Lan L, Li L, Yang X, Tang B, Yu X, Liu X, Naumov P, Zhang H. Hybrid Elastic Organic Crystals that Respond to Aerial Humidity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Lan
- Jilin University College of Chemistry Changchun CHINA
| | - Liang Li
- Paris Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi LEA: Sorbonne Universite Abu Dhabi Langues Etrangeres Appliquees Department of Physics Abu Dhabi UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Jilin University College of Chemistry Changchun CHINA
| | | | - Xu Yu
- Jilin University College of Chemistry Changchun CHINA
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- Jilin University College of Chemistry Changchun CHINA
| | - Pance Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi Division of Science and Mathematics Saadiyat Island 00000 Abu Dhabi UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Jilin University College of Chemistry Changchun CHINA
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Hydrogenated Graphene Based Organic Thin Film Transistor Sensor for Detection of Chloride Ions as Corrosion Precursors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion monitoring and management has been at the center of structural health monitoring protocols due to its damaging effects on metallic structures. Current corrosion prevention and management programs often fail to include environmental factors such as Cl− ions and surface wetness. Early detection of these environmental factors can prevent the onset of corrosion and reduce repair and maintenance-related expenses. There is growing interest in creating solution-processed thin film environmental sensors with high sensitivity to corrosion precursors, low-cost fabrication, and small footprint, rendering them viable candidates for investigation as potential corrosion sensors that could be easily integrated into existing structures and screen printed or patterned directly into surface coatings. In this work, we have implemented C60-based n-type organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with functionalized graphene oxide for humidity sensing and functionalized graphene nanoparticles for Cl− ion detection, using low-cost solution processing techniques. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated OTFT humidity sensor is designed for the qualitative estimation of surface moisture levels and high levels of humidity, and it exhibits a relative responsivity for dry to surface wetness transition of 122.6% to surface wetness, within a response time of 20 ms. We furthermore implemented an in-house synthesized hydrogenated graphene coating in conjunction with a second OTFT architecture for Cl− ions sensing which yielded a sensitivity of 4%/ppm to ultrafine ionic concentrations, over an order of magnitude lower than the range identified to cause corrosion in aircraft structures.
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Abstract
This article addresses reliability under the sweat of interconnection techniques for the mounting surface mounted device (SMD) components and fully printed humidity sensors onto conductive stretchable textile ribbons. Samples underwent testing for the effect of ageing by artificial sweat on their electrical resistance using both alkaline and acidic artificial sweat. The best results in terms of electrical resistance change were obtained for samples soldered to the conductive fibers interwoven in the ribbon. However, this method can damage the ribbon due to the high temperature during soldering and significantly reduce the mechanical properties and flexibility of the ribbon, which can lead to a limited service life of samples. On the other hand, adhesive bonding is a very interesting alternative, where the above-mentioned properties are preserved, but there is a significant effect of sweat ageing on electrical resistance. The results of fully printed graphene-based humidity sensors show that, for the intended use of these sensors (i.e., detection of changes in moisture on the human body), usage of the samples is possible, and the samples are sufficiently reliable in the case of sweat degradation. In addition, the response of the sensor to humidity is quite high: 98% at a relative humidity of 98%.
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Mirjalali S, Peng S, Fang Z, Wang C, Wu S. Wearable Sensors for Remote Health Monitoring: Potential Applications for Early Diagnosis of Covid-19. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 7:2100545. [PMID: 34901382 PMCID: PMC8646515 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are emerging as a new technology to detect physiological and biochemical markers for remote health monitoring. By measuring vital signs such as respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood oxygen level, wearable sensors offer tremendous potential for the noninvasive and early diagnosis of numerous diseases such as Covid-19. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made to develop wearable sensors with high sensitivity, accuracy, flexibility, and stretchability, bringing to reality a new paradigm of remote health monitoring. In this review paper, the latest advances in wearable sensor systems that can measure vital signs at an accuracy level matching those of point-of-care tests are presented. In particular, the focus of this review is placed on wearable sensors for measuring respiratory behavior, body temperature, and blood oxygen level, which are identified as the critical signals for diagnosing and monitoring Covid-19. Various designs based on different materials and working mechanisms are summarized. This review is concluded by identifying the remaining challenges and future opportunities for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Mirjalali
- School of EngineeringMacquarie University SydneySydneyNSW2109Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | | | - Chun‐Hui Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Shuying Wu
- School of EngineeringMacquarie University SydneySydneyNSW2109Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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45
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Qu CC, Sun XY, Sun WX, Cao LX, Wang XQ, He ZZ. Flexible Wearables for Plants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104482. [PMID: 34796649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excellent stretchability and biocompatibility of flexible sensors have inspired an emerging field of plant wearables, which enable intimate contact with the plants to continuously monitor the growth status and localized microclimate in real-time. Plant flexible wearables provide a promising platform for the development of plant phenotype and the construction of intelligent agriculture via monitoring and regulating the critical physiological parameters and microclimate of plants. Here, the emerging applications of plant flexible wearables together with their pros and cons from four aspects, including physiological indicators, surrounding environment, crop quality, and active control of growth, are highlighted. Self-powered energy supply systems and signal transmission mechanisms are also elucidated. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges of plant wearables are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Qu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Xu-Yang Sun
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Sun
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Cao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Zhu He
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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46
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Liu H, Chen J, Qiao S, Zhang W. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4718-4735. [PMID: 34586781 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the main load-bearing structure in the human body, bone and cartilage are susceptible to damage in sports and other activities. The repair and regeneration of bone and articular cartilage have been extensively studied in the past decades. Traditional approaches have been widely applied in clinical practice, but the effect varies from person to person and may cause side effects. With the rapid development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, various biomaterials show great potential in the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Carbon-based nanomaterials are solid materials with different structures and properties composed of allotropes of carbon, which are classified into zero-, one-, and two-dimensional ones. This Review systemically summarizes the different types of carbon-based nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional (fullerene, carbon dots, nanodiamonds), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), and two-dimensional (graphenic materials) as well as their applications in bone, cartilage, and osteochondral regeneration. Current limitations and future perspectives of carbon-based nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
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47
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Ejehi F, Mohammadpour R, Asadian E, Fardindoost S, Sasanpour P. Enhancement of self-powered humidity sensing of graphene oxide-based triboelectric nanogenerators by addition of graphene oxide nanoribbons. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:251. [PMID: 34255212 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) electrode sensitive to the adsorption of water molecules has been introduced to create a self-powered humidity sensor. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR) possessing oxygenated functional groups, as well as high dielectric constants, have been proposed as appropriate candidates for this purpose. GO papers have been fabricated in three forms, i.e. pure GO paper, uniform composites of GONR and GO, and double-layer structures of GONR on top of GO. Results showed that all of the prepared paper-based TENGs revealed excellent performances by maximum output voltage above 300 V. As active humidity sensors, the maximum voltage response values of 57%, 124%, and 78% were obtained for GO, GONR+GO, and GONR/GO TENGs, respectively. Besides high sensitivity and precision of all variants, GO+GONR TENG demonstrated a rapid response/recovery behavior (0.3/0.5 s). This phenomenon can be attributed to the higher oxygenated groups and defects on the edges of GONR, which leads to facilitating the bulk diffusion of water molecules. Our results open new avenues of GONR application as an additive to enhance the performance of self-powered humidity sensors, as well as conventional hygrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ejehi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Raheleh Mohammadpour
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran.
| | - Elham Asadian
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Fardindoost
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,School of Nanoscience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P. O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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Khan N, Nawaz A, Islam B, Sayyad MH, Joya YF, Islam S, Bibi S. Evaluating humidity sensing response of graphene quantum dots synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of glucose. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:295504. [PMID: 33588387 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared using a single-step hydrothermal treatment of glucose (C6H12O6) powder. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the random stacking or amorphous character of GQDs. Additionally, the UV-vis spectra confirmed the formation of GQDs with evident absorption peaks at 237 and 305 nm, which is attributed toπ-π* andn-π* transitions correspondingly. The average size and surface roughness of graphene quantum dots were estimated by atomic force microscopy images and found to be 27.0 ± 1.0 and 2.3 nm, respectively. Afterwards, the effect of increasing relative humidity (RH) from 0%-95%, and frequency, was analyzed using the capacitive and resistive responses of synthesized GQDs. The capacitive output at 0.1 kHz revealed that initially capacitance remains constant (15.0 ± 1.0 pF) up to a humidity level ranging between 0%-50%. Likewise, capacitance also displayed stabilized behavior after frequency levels were increased i.e., 1.0 and 10 kHz, at a humidity ranging from 0%-55%. Moreover, capacitance showed a 115,455, 22,480 and 3,620% improvement from their stable values at each respective frequency level i.e., 0.1, 1.0 and 10 kHz. The capacitive sensitivity decreased to 84.20 and 96.83% at greater frequencies (1.0 and 10 kHz) in comparison to the sensitivity at 0.1 kHz facing similar variations in a humid environment. In contrast, resistance displayed an exponential decline by 99.9900, 99.9796 and 99.9925%, accordingly, when RH increases from 0 to 95% at 0.1, 1.0 and 10 kHz, respectively. However, with the rise in frequency level from 0.1 to 1.0 kHz, resistive sensitivity increased considerably to 69 and 158.5%, respectively, in two prominent humidity ranges i.e., 0 ≤ RH ≤ 25% and 25% ≤ RH ≤ 50%. A further increase in testing frequency to 10 kHz enhances the resistive sensitivity by 598.5 and 178.5% when compared with the lowest sensitivity values at two noticeable humidity levels, 0%-25% and 25%-50%. The response and recovery times of our specimen were better than most of previously fabricated GQDs and other carbon-derived nanomaterials, which makes the nano-GQDs of our study more suitable for RH sensor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouman Khan
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23640, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Mechanical Technology, University of Technology Nowshera, Amangarh, 24100, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, 25120, KPK, Pakistan
| | - M Hassan Sayyad
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23640, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Faheem Joya
- Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23640, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sara Islam
- High Voltage Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering &Technology Peshawar, 25120, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bibi
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Bahauddin Zikria University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
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49
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Buasiri T, Habermehl-Cwirzen K, Krzeminski L, Cwirzen A. Novel humidity sensors based on nanomodified Portland cement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8189. [PMID: 33854122 PMCID: PMC8047035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly used humidity sensors are based on metal oxides, polymers or carbon. Their sensing accuracy often deteriorates with time, especially when exposed to higher temperatures or very high humidity. An alternative solution based on the utilization of Portland cement-based mortars containing in-situ grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was evaluated in this study. The relationship between the electrical resistivity, CNF content and humidity were determined. The highest sensitivity was observed for samples containing 10 wt.% of the nanomodified cement which corresponded to 0.27 wt.% of CNFs. The highest calculated sensitivity was approximately 0.01024 per 1% change in relative humidity (RH). The measured electrical resistivity is a linear function of the RH in the humidity range between 11 and 97%. The percolation threshold value was estimated to be at around 7 wt.% of the nanomodified cement, corresponding to ~ 0.19 wt.% of CNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyarat Buasiri
- Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Karin Habermehl-Cwirzen
- Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Lukasz Krzeminski
- The Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cwirzen
- Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
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50
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Lu Y, Xu K, Yang MQ, Tang SY, Yang TY, Fujita Y, Honda S, Arie T, Akita S, Chueh YL, Takei K. Highly stable Pd/HNb 3O 8-based flexible humidity sensor for perdurable wireless wearable applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:260-270. [PMID: 33470262 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Real-time, daily health monitoring can provide large amounts of patient data, which may greatly improve the likelihood of diagnosing health conditions at an early stage. One potential sensor is a flexible humidity sensor to monitor moisture and humidity information such as dehydration. However, achieving a durable functional nanomaterial-based flexible humidity sensor remains a challenge due to partial desorption of water molecules during the recovery process, especially at high humidities. In this work, we demonstrate a highly stable resistive-type Pd/HNb3O8 humidity sensor, which exhibits a perdurable performance for over 100 h of cycle tests under a 90% relative humidity (RH) without significant performance degradation. One notable advantage of the Pd/HNb3O8 humidity sensor is its ability to regulate hydroniums due to the strong reducibility of H atoms dissociated on the Pd surface. This feature realizes a high stability even at a high humidity (99.9% RH). Using this superior performance, the Pd/HNb3O8 humidity sensor realizes wireless monitoring of the changes in the fingertip humidity of an adult under different physiological states, demonstrating a facile and reliable path for dehydration diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Lu
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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