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Galván GC, Macias E, Sanders S, Ramirez-Torres A, Stock S, You S, Riera CE, Tamukong P, Smith-Warner SA, Genkinger JM, Luthringer DJ, Freeman MR, Freedland SJ. The effects of glycemic index on prostate cancer progression in a xenograft mouse model. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:348-354. [PMID: 38082056 PMCID: PMC11096094 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found low-carbohydrate diets slowed prostate cancer (PC) growth and increased survival vs. a Western diet in mice, by inhibiting the insulin/IGF-1 axis. Thus, we tested whether modifying carbohydrate quality to lower glycemic index (GI) without changing quantity results in similar benefits as with reduced quantity. METHODS Male SCID mice injected with LAPC-4 cells were single-housed and randomized when their tumors reached 200 mm3 on average to a LoGI (48% carbohydrate kcal, from Hylon-VII) or HiGI Western diet (48% carbohydrate kcal, from sucrose). Body weight and tumor volume were measured weekly. Body composition was assessed 35 days after randomization. Blood glucose and serum insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were measured at study end when tumor volumes reached 800 mm3. We analyzed gene expression of mice tumors by RNA-sequencing and human tumors using the Prostate Cancer Transcriptome Atlas. RESULTS There were no significant differences in tumor volume (P > 0.05), tumor proliferation (P = 0.29), and overall survival (P = 0.15) between groups. At 35 days after randomization, the LoGI group had 30% lower body fat (P = 0.007) despite similar body weight (P = 0.58). At sacrifice, LoGI mice had smaller livers (P < 0.001) and lower glucose (P = 0.15), insulin (P = 0.11), IGF-1 (P = 0.07) and IGF-1:IGFBP3 ratio (P = 0.05), and higher IGFBP3 (P = 0.09) vs. HiGI, although none of these metabolic differences reached statistical significance. We observed differential gene expression and pathway enrichment in mice tumors by diet. The most upregulated and downregulated gene in the LoGI group showed expression patterns more closely resembling expression in human benign prostate tissue vs. PC. CONCLUSIONS In this single mouse xenograft model, consuming a low GI diet did not delay PC growth or survival vs. a high GI diet despite suggestions of decreased activation of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. These data suggest that improving carbohydrate quality alone while consuming a high carbohydrate diet may not effectively slow PC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Everardo Macias
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sergio Sanders
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Stock
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Tamukong
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.
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Biemans Y, Bach D, Behrouzi P, Horvath S, Kramer CS, Liu S, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Stewart J, Whitsel EA, Yang B, de Groot L, Grootswagers P. Identifying the relation between food groups and biological ageing: a data-driven approach. Age Ageing 2024; 53:ii20-ii29. [PMID: 38745494 PMCID: PMC11094402 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in ageing rates drives the need for research into lifestyle secrets of successful agers. Biological age, predicted by epigenetic clocks, has been shown to be a more reliable measure of ageing than chronological age. Dietary habits are known to affect the ageing process. However, much remains to be learnt about specific dietary habits that may directly affect the biological process of ageing. OBJECTIVE To identify food groups that are directly related to biological ageing, using Copula Graphical Models. METHODS We performed a preregistered analysis of 3,990 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative, based in North America. Biological age acceleration was calculated by the epigenetic clock PhenoAge using whole-blood DNA methylation. Copula Graphical Modelling, a powerful data-driven exploratory tool, was used to examine relations between food groups and biological ageing whilst adjusting for an extensive amount of confounders. Two food group-age acceleration networks were established: one based on the MyPyramid food grouping system and another based on item-level food group data. RESULTS Intake of eggs, organ meat, sausages, cheese, legumes, starchy vegetables, added sugar and lunch meat was associated with biological age acceleration, whereas intake of peaches/nectarines/plums, poultry, nuts, discretionary oil and solid fat was associated with decelerated ageing. CONCLUSION We identified several associations between specific food groups and biological ageing. These findings pave the way for subsequent studies to ascertain causality and magnitude of these relationships, thereby improving the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying the interplay between food groups and biological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ynte Biemans
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daimy Bach
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pariya Behrouzi
- Biometrics, Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte S Kramer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisette de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pol Grootswagers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Natale A, Turati F, Taborelli M, Giacosa A, Augustin LSA, Crispo A, Negri E, Rossi M, La Vecchia C. Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:731-738. [PMID: 38451185 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has been associated with colorectal cancer. We evaluated whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) can favorably influence the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS Data came from a multicentric Italian case-control study including 1,953 histologically confirmed colorectal cancer cases and 4,154 hospital controls admitted for acute nonneoplastic diseases. Diet was assessed through a validated and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. The DRRD score was computed assigning higher values for higher consumption of cereal fiber, fruit, coffee, nuts and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fats ratio and for lower glycemic index and lower consumption of red/processed meat and sweetened beverages and fruit juices. The ORs and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal cancer according to the DRRD score were obtained using logistic regression models adjusting for total energy intake and other major confounders. RESULTS The DRRD was inversely related to colorectal cancer risk. The ORs of colorectal cancer were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.89) for the third versus first score tertile (Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96) for a 3-point increment in the score. Inverse associations were observed for colon and rectal cancers and were consistent in strata of sex, age, and other major covariates. CONCLUSIONS A higher adherence to a DRRD was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT Given the high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer, adherence to a DRRD can have relevant prevention and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Natale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Taborelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Unit of Digestive Trait Endoscopy, CDI (Centro Diagnostico Italiano), Milan, Italy
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wang M, Lan T, Williams AM, Ehrhardt MJ, Lanctot JQ, Jiang S, Krull KR, Armstrong GT, Hudson MM, Colditz GA, Robison LL, Ness KK, Park Y. Plant Foods Intake and Risk of Premature Aging in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE). J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1553-1562. [PMID: 38261979 PMCID: PMC11095892 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify dietary factors that are related to premature aging in adult survivors of childhood cancer, we examined the associations between plant food intakes and age-related deficit accumulation. METHODS A total of 3,322 childhood cancer survivors (age 18-65 years, mean = 31, standard deviation = 8.4) in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort had total fruit, total vegetables and subgroups, whole grains, refined grains, nuts/seeds, and nutrients intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Premature aging at baseline was assessed by the deficit accumulation index (DAI) and categorized as low, medium, and high risk. Multinomial logistic regressions (reference: low risk) adjusting for confounders estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Multivariable linear regression of a continuous intake against a continuous DAI was also performed. RESULTS Dark green vegetable (ORhigh v low = 0.47 [95% CI, 0.28 to 0.78] per 1/2 cup/1,000 kcal increment) and nuts/seeds intakes (ORhigh v low = 0.71 [95% CI, 0.47 to 1.08] per 1 oz/1,000 kcal increment; coefficientlinear = -0.0115, P = .02) were associated with a lower risk of premature aging. Conversely, refined grain intake was related to an increased risk of premature aging (ORhigh v low = 1.33 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.78], per 1 oz/1,000 kcal increment; coefficientlinear = 0.0093, P = .005). Fruit and whole grain intakes were not associated with premature aging risk. Among nutrients abundant in plant foods, dietary folate intake was associated with a lower risk of premature aging (ORhigh v low = 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99] per 50 mcg/1,000 kcal increase). Beta-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and vitamin E intakes from foods were also related to a modestly lower, but not statistically significant, risk of premature aging. CONCLUSION Specific plant foods are associated with lower risk of premature aging, providing targets for the interventions to promote healthy aging in childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Tuo Lan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - AnnaLynn M. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, University of Rochester Medical Center, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY
| | - Matthew J. Ehrhardt
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jennifer Q. Lanctot
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Shu Jiang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Kevin R. Krull
- Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Graham A. Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kirsten K. Ness
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Patel L, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Mignozzi S, Augustin LSA, Levi F, Serraino D, Giacosa A, Alicandro G. Legume intake and cancer risk in a network of case-control studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01408-w. [PMID: 38321187 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Evidence on the relationship between legume consumption and risk of specific cancer sites is inconclusive. We used data from a series of case-controls studies, conducted in Italy and in the Swiss Canton of Vaud between 1991 and 2009 to quantify the association between legume consumption and several cancer sites including oral cavity, esophagus, larynx, stomach, colorectum, breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate and kidney. Multiple logistic regression models controlled for sex, age, education, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity, comorbidities, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, processed meat and total calorie intake were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for different cancer sites and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CI). For female hormone-related cancers, the models also included adjustments for age at menarche, menopausal status and parity. Although most of the estimates were below unity, suggesting a protective effect, only colorectal cancer showed a significant association. Compared to no consumption, the OR for consuming at least one portion of legumes was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68-0.91), the OR for consuming two or more portions was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57-0.82) and the estimate for an increment of one portion per week was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93). The inverse association between legume consumption and colorectal cancer suggests a possible role of legumes in preventing cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linia Patel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Mignozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS "Fondazione G.Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Levi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego Serraino
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alicandro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Paediatric Department, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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Mohammadzadeh M, Bahrami A, Abdi F, Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Paydareh A, Jalali S, Heidari Z, Rashidkhani B. Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score (DDRRS) and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Iran. Nutr Cancer 2023; 76:106-113. [PMID: 37986034 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2281025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the role of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in tumor initiation, we hypothesized that following a diet that reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes could also reduce the risk of breast cancer. Herein, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk in Iranian women. METHOD We recruited 136 newly diagnosed cases and 272 age-matched hospitalized controls from referral hospitals. A valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect the data on dietary intake. We used Multivariate Logistic regression to assess the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of breast cancer by the dietary diabetes risk reduction score tertiles. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding variables, no association was seen between dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37-1.14). However, after stratification by menopausal status, a decreased risk was observed between adherence to dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal individuals (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-0.99). CONCLUSION The present study states that there is no significant relationship between the dietary diabetes risk reduction score and the risk of breast cancer. However, adherence to dietary diabetes risk reduction score could have a preventive role for breast cancer among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahrami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghafouri-Taleghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Paydareh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Jalali
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Colombia Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bahrami A, Parastouei K, Taghdir M, Ghadyani M. Dietary insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet and the odds of colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023:00008469-990000000-00119. [PMID: 38190110 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the role of insulin and insulin-inducing dietary factors in some cancers' etiology, we hypothesized that the risk of colorectal cancer may be lessened by following a lower carbohydrate and insulinogenic diet. Therefore, we performed this study to explore the association between a low-carbohydrate diet and insulin indices and the odds of colorectal cancer. METHOD This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 150 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients and 300 healthy age- and sex-matched hospitalized controls. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet and the odds of colorectal cancer. RESULT After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of insulin indices had a higher risk of colorectal cancer (ORinsulin index = 3.46; 95% CI, 2.00-5.96; ORinsulin load = 2; 95% CI, 1.17-3.41). No association was found between a low-carbohydrate diet and colorectal cancer (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 0.85-2.84). CONCLUSION Current results demonstrated that a high insulinemic diet was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahrami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghadyani
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jo M, Kim SH, Kim HE, Lee YY, Kim E, Ban C, Choi YJ. Retrograded octenylsuccinylated maize starch-based emulgels for a promising oral delivery system of curcumin. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121341. [PMID: 37839845 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Emulgels are a type of soft solid delivery system that exploit the merits of both emulsions and gels, namely, bioactive encapsulability and structural stability, respectively. We utilized retrograded/octenylsuccinylated maize starch (ROMS) to fabricate the curcumin-loaded emulgel. Emulgels (oil volume fraction, 0.20) prepared with 1-4 % w/w ROMS exhibited fluid-like behaviors while emulgels with 5-8 % w/w ROMS exhibited a gel-like consistency. Compared to a fluidic emulsion stabilized with 3 % w/w octenylsuccinylated maize starch, the emulgels showed more sustained lipolysis and controlled curcumin release patterns. These results were attributed to rigid ROMS structures at the outer layer of oil droplets, hindering the lipase approach onto the oil/water interface and curcumin diffusion from the interface. Additionally, the bioaccessibility of curcumin in ROMS-stabilized emulgels was enhanced >9.6-fold compared to that of a curcumin solution. Furthermore, emulgels prepared with 8 % w/w ROMS exhibited a high yield stress (376.4 Pa) and maintained appearance and droplet size for 60 days of storage at 4 °C. Consequently, this emulgel has potential as a lipophilic bioactive-containing soft gel with sustained digestion and controlled release properties. Our findings may provide insights into rational delivery system designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jo
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Binggrae Co. Ltd., Namyangjusi, Gyeonggido 12253, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - You Young Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunghee Kim
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongjin Ban
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Pu JY, Xu W, Zhu Q, Sun WP, Hu JJ, Cai D, Zhang JY, Gong JP, Xiong B, Zhong GC. Prediagnosis ultra-processed food consumption and prognosis of patients with colorectal, lung, prostate, or breast cancer: a large prospective multicenter study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1258242. [PMID: 37850087 PMCID: PMC10577176 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1258242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Whether ultra-processed food consumption is associated with cancer prognosis remains unknown. We aimed to test whether prediagnosis ultra-processed food consumption is positively associated with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients with colorectal, lung, prostate, or breast cancer. Methods This study included 1,100 colorectal cancer patients, 1750 lung cancer patients, 4,336 prostate cancer patients, and 2,443 breast cancer patients. Ultra-processed foods were assessed using the NOVA classification before the diagnosis of the first cancer. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. Results High ultra-processed food consumption before cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in lung (HRquartile 4 vs. 1: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.40; Ptrend = 0.021) and prostate (HRquartile 4 vs. 1: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39; Ptrend = 0.017) cancer patients in a nonlinear dose-response manner (all Pnonlinearity < 0.05), whereas no significant results were found for other associations of interest. Subgroup analyses additionally revealed a significantly positive association with colorectal cancer-specific mortality among colorectal cancer patients in stages I and II but not among those in stages III and IV (Pinteraction = 0.006), and with prostate cancer-specific mortality among prostate cancer patients with body mass index <25 but not among those with body mass index ≥25 (Pinteraction = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests that reducing ultra-processed food consumption before cancer diagnosis may improve the overall survival of patients with lung or prostate cancer, and the cancer-specific survival of certain subgroups of patients with colorectal or prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yuan Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Liangping District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Chao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Delestre F, Debailly R, Galiby LA, Hansel B. Determinants of motivation and adherence to a web application for health behaviour change: A qualitative study with cancer survivors. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1701-1712. [PMID: 37272366 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing number of cancer survivors, eHealth may be an effective means to improve lifestyle-related behaviours. Limited data are available on the use of eHealth by post-cancer patients. The present study aimed to analyse the contexts of use to identify the determinants of cancer survivors' adherence and motivation to use a web application offering nutrition and physical activity coaching. METHODS Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with cancer survivors who participated in an 8-week online program for health behaviour change. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Fifteen patients with a mean (SD) age of 62 (4.2) years completed the interview. Four themes relating to the environment and context of use were identified: digital use, social relations, health, and digital health interventions. Participants were familiar with digital tools through their professional work. Their motivation and adherence to the program improved through social relations; notably, a supportive family in addition to a trusted prescriber, continuity in the care pathway, and an appropriate choice of design features in the digital health intervention. With cancer survivorship, individuals no longer define themselves as sick but still need support to envisage the future more serenely. CONCLUSIONS Cancer survivorship plays a special role in people's adherence to online interventions for health behaviour change in addition to the influence of their social relations and health environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Delestre
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Dietetics Department, APHP, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Boris Hansel
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, APHP, Bichat Hospital, Federation of Diabetology in Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Li M, Yan Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Guo F, Chen J, Nie L, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Comprehensive analyses of fatty acid metabolism-related lncRNA for ovarian cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14675. [PMID: 37673886 PMCID: PMC10482851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a disease with difficult early diagnosis and treatment and poor prognosis. OC data profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Eight key fatty acid metabolism-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were finally screened for building a risk scoring model by univariate/ multifactor and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. To make this risk scoring model more applicable to clinical work, we established a nomogram containing the clinical characteristics of OC patients after confirming that the model has good reliability and validity and the ability to distinguish patient prognosis. To further explore how these key lncRNAs are involved in OC progression, we explored their relationship with LUAD immune signatures and tumor drug resistance. The structure shows that the risk scoring model established based on these 8 fatty acid metabolism-related lncRNAs has good reliability and validity and can better predict the prognosis of patients with different risks of OC, and LINC00861in these key RNAs may be a hub gene that affects the progression of OC and closely related to the sensitivity of current OC chemotherapy drugs. In addition, combined with immune signature analysis, we found that patients in the high-risk group are in a state of immunosuppression, and Tfh cells may play an important role in it. We innovatively established a prognostic prediction model with excellent reliability and validity from the perspective of OC fatty acid metabolism reprogramming and lncRNA regulation and found new molecular/cellular targets for future OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Department of Gynecology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048026, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jianqin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048026, China
| | - Lifang Nie
- Department of Gynecology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048026, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048026, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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12
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Esposito G, Turati F, Parazzini F, Augustin LSA, Serraino D, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Diabetes risk reduction diet and ovarian cancer risk: an Italian case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:769-776. [PMID: 37221355 PMCID: PMC10363049 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relation between a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and ovarian cancer. METHODS We used data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy, including 1031 incident ovarian cancer cases and 2411 controls admitted to hospital centres for acute non-malignant disease. Subjects' diet prior to hospital admission was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the DRRD was measured using a score based on 8 dietary components, giving higher scores for greater intakes of cereal fiber, coffee, fruit, nuts, higher polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio, lower glycemic index of diet, and lower intakes of red/processed meat, and sweetened beverages/and fruit juices. Higher scores indicated greater adherence to the DRRD. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of ovarian cancer and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for approximate quartiles of the DRRD score. RESULTS The DRRD score was inversely related to ovarian cancer, with an OR of 0.76 (95%CI: 0.60-0.95) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of the score (p for trend = 0.022). The exclusion of women with diabetes did not change the results (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.59-0.95). Inverse associations were observed in strata of age, education, parity, menopausal status, and family history of ovarian/breast cancer. CONCLUSION Higher adherence to a diet aimed at reducing the risk of diabetes was inversely associated with ovarian cancer. Further evidence from prospective investigations will be useful to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 22, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 22, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 22, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 22, Milan, 20133, Italy
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13
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Peppa M, Manta A, Mavroeidi I, Nastos C, Pikoulis E, Syrigos K, Bamias A. Dietary Approach of Patients with Hormone-Related Cancer Based on the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Estimates. Nutrients 2023; 15:3810. [PMID: 37686842 PMCID: PMC10490329 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-related cancers, namely breast, endometrial, cervical, prostate, testicular, and thyroid, constitute a specific group of cancers dependent on hormone levels that play an essential role in cancer growth. In addition to the traditional risk factors, diet seems to be an important environmental factor that partially explains the steadily increased prevalence of this group of cancer. The composition of food, the dietary patterns, the endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and the way of food processing and preparation related to dietary advanced glycation end-product formation are all related to cancer. However, it remains unclear which specific dietary components mediate this relationship. Carbohydrates seem to be a risk factor for cancer in general and hormone-related cancers, in particular, with a difference between simple and complex carbohydrates. Glycemic index and glycemic load estimates reflect the effect of dietary carbohydrates on postprandial glucose concentrations. Several studies have investigated the relationship between the dietary glycemic index and glycemic load estimates with the natural course of cancer and, more specifically, hormone-related cancers. High glycemic index and glycemic load diets are associated with cancer development and worse prognosis, partially explained by the adverse effects on insulin metabolism, causing hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, and also by inflammation and oxidative stress induction. Herein, we review the existing data on the effect of diets focusing on the glycemic index and glycemic load estimates on hormone-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Aspasia Manta
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioanna Mavroeidi
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Constantinos Nastos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece;
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14
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Salavatizadeh M, Soltanieh S, Ataei Kachouei A, Abdollahi Fallahi Z, Kord-Varkaneh H, Poustchi H, Mansour A, Khamseh ME, Alaei-Shahmiri F, Santos HO, Hekmatdoost A. Association between dietary glycemic index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228072. [PMID: 37674617 PMCID: PMC10478091 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Managing dietary glycemic index (GI) deserves further attention in the interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary GI and the odds of NAFLD in patients with T2DM. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between April 2021 and February 2022, including 200 participants with T2DM aged 18-70 years, of which 133 had NAFLD and 67 were in the non-NAFLD group. Cardiometabolic parameters were analyzed using standard biochemical kits and dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was applied to explore odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD according to tertiles of dietary GI. Results Highest vs. lowest tertile (< 57 vs. > 60.89) of energy-adjusted GI was not associated with the odds of having NAFLD (OR 1.25, 95% CI = 0.6-2.57; P-trend = 0.54) in the crude model. However, there was an OR of 3.24 (95% CI = 1.03-10.15) accompanied by a significant trend (P-trend = 0.04) after full control for potential confounders (age, gender, smoking status, duration of diabetes, physical activity, waist circumference, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, dietary intake of total carbohydrates, simple carbohydrates, fat, and protein). Conclusion High dietary GI is associated with increased odds of NAFLD in subjects with T2DM. However, interventional and longitudinal cohort studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieh Salavatizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Soltanieh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ataei Kachouei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Mansour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad E. Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Alaei-Shahmiri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, Bray F, Brawley O, Luckenbaugh AN, Mucci L, Morgan TM, Carlsson SV. 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2023; 84:191-206. [PMID: 37202314 PMCID: PMC10851915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kelly R Pekala
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Fainberg
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean F Mungovan
- Westmead Private Physiotherapy Services and The Clinical Research Institute, Westmead Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Otis Brawley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Zaramella A, Arcidiacono D, Nucci D, Fabris F, Benna C, Pucciarelli S, Fassan M, Fantin A, De Re V, Cannizzaro R, Realdon S. Resident Esophageal Microbiota Dysbiosis Correlates with Cancer Risk in Barrett's Esophagus Patients and Is Linked to Low Adherence to WCRF/AICR Lifestyle Recommendations. Nutrients 2023; 15:2885. [PMID: 37447211 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the consequence of longstanding gastroesophageal reflux, which leads to inflammation and could cause Barrett's esophagus (BE), the main risk factor for EAC development. The 5 year survival rate of EAC is poor since the diagnosis occurs at the late stage of the disease. To improve patient management, a better comprehension of the mechanism undergoing the evolution through to adenocarcinoma is needed. Within this scenario, the resident microbiome investigation was studied. This study aimed to explore the esophageal microbial profile in patients affected by non-dysplastic BE, low- and high-grade dysplastic BE, and EAC to identify parameters characterizing cancer progression and to develop a score suitable for clinical practice to stratify cancer risk. The microbiota was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of esophageal biopsies. The microbial composition was evaluated at each different taxonomic level along the disease progression. To further investigate bacteria potentially associated with cancer development, non-dysplastic and dysplastic/cancer patients were compared. The presence of the six significant microbial features with multivariate analysis was used to develop a multiparametric score (Resident Esophageal Microbial Dysbiosis Test) to predict the risk of progression toward EAC. Finally, the diagnostic ability of the test and its discrimination threshold for its ability to identify dysplastic/cancer patients were demonstrated. Since EAC has been related to obesity, the relationship between these microbial parameters and patients' diet/lifestyle habits was also investigated. Developing microbiome-based risk prediction models for esophageal adenocarcinoma onset could open new research avenues, demonstrating that the resident microbiome may be a valid cancer risk biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zaramella
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Fabris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Fantin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Vallì De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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17
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Romanos-Nanclares A, Tabung FK, Sinnott JA, Trabert B, De Vivo I, Playdon MC, Eliassen AH. Inflammatory and insulinemic dietary patterns and risk of endometrial cancer among US women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:311-321. [PMID: 36515492 PMCID: PMC9996217 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although unopposed estrogen exposure is considered a major driver of endometrial carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are also major endometrial cancer risk factors. However, it is unclear whether diets with inflammatory or insulinemic potential are associated with risk of endometrial cancer. METHODS We followed 48 330 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016) and 85 426 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2017). Using food frequency questionnaires, we calculated repeated measures of empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores, which characterize the potential of the whole diet to modulate circulating biomarkers of inflammation or C-peptide, respectively. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type I endometrial cancer risk. RESULTS We documented 1462 type I endometrial cancer cases over 2 823 221 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, women in the highest compared with lowest quintiles were at higher risk of type I endometrial cancer (EDIP HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.73; Ptrend < .001; EDIH HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.87; Ptrend < .001). Additional adjustment for body mass index attenuated the associations (EDIP HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.22; EDIH HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.21), and mediation analyses showed that body mass index may explain 60.4% (95% CI = 37.4% to 79.6%; P < .001) and 71.8% (95% CI = 41.0% to 90.4%; P < .001) of the association of endometrial cancer with EDIP and EDIH, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort study, higher dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential were each associated with increased endometrial cancer incidence, and this association may be almost entirely mediated by adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romanos-Nanclares
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sinnott
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang LS, Yan LJ, Meng GX, Ding ZN, Yao SY, Li HC, Dong ZR, Chen ZQ, Hong JG, Li T. The Association of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Daily Carbohydrates Intake with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:461-469. [PMID: 36411493 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2149822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and daily carbohydrates intake have been associated with a variety of cancers, but their implications in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. The purpose of our study is to investigate the association of GI, GL and daily carbohydrates intake with the risk of HCC. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until November 2020. According to the degree of heterogeneity, random effect model or fixed effect model was chosen to obtain the pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Four cohort studies and three case-control studies were eventually included. The pooled results showed no significant association of GI (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.80-1.53), GL (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.76-1.55), and daily carbohydrates intake (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.84-1.32) with the risk of HCC in the general population. Subgroup analysis revealed that in hepatitis B virus (HBV) or/and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive group, GI was irrelevant to the risk of HCC (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.32-1.32), while a high GL diet was associated with a higher risk of HCC (RR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.04-2.23). In contrast, in HBV and HCV-negative group, both GI (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.88-1.70) and GL (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.83-1.64) were not associated with the risk of HCC. Conclusion: A high GL diet increases the risk of HCC in those with viral hepatitis. A low GL diet is recommended for them to reduce the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Shan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Yu Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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19
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Amjad A, ullah A, Javed REM, Khaliq M, Ali A, Raza SQ, Iqbal S. Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of dairy based products, indigenous recipes and confectionery items of Pakistan. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Wang H, Peng X, Zhang K, Li X, Zhao P, Liu H, Yu W. A more general approach for predicting the glycemic index (GI) values of commercial noodles. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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21
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Predicting the Glycemic Index of Biscuits Using Static In Vitro Digestion Protocols. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020404. [PMID: 36673499 PMCID: PMC9858452 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro digestion methods that can accurately predict the estimated GI (eGI) values of complex carbohydrate foods, including biscuits, are worth exploring. In the current study, standard commercial biscuits with varied clinical GI values between 9~30 were digested using both the INFOGEST and single-enzyme digestion protocols. The digestion kinetic parameters were acquired through mathematical fitting by mathematical kinetics models. The results showed that compared with the INFOGEST protocol, the AUR180 deduced from digesting using either porcine pancreatin or α-amylase showed the best potential in predicting the eGI values. Accordingly, mathematical equations were established based on the relations between the AUR180 and the GI values. When digesting using porcine pancreatin, GI= 1.834 + 0.009 ×AUCR180 (R2= 0.952), and when digesting using only α-amylase, GI= 6.101 + 0.009 ×AUCR180 (R2=0.902). The AUR180 represents the area under the curve of the reducing-sugar content normalized to the total carbohydrates versus the digestion time in 180 min. The in vitro method presented enabled the rapid and accurate prediction of the eGI values of biscuits, and the validity of the formula was verified by another batch of biscuits with a known GI, and the error rate of most samples was less than 30%.
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22
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Hui Y, Tu C, Liu D, Zhang H, Gong X. Risk factors for gastric cancer: A comprehensive analysis of observational studies. Front Public Health 2023; 10:892468. [PMID: 36684855 PMCID: PMC9845896 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.892468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multifarious factors have a causal relationship with gastric cancer (GC) development. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the strength of the evidence examining non-genetic risk factors for gastric cancer. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to November 10, 2021 to identify meta-analyses of observational studies examining the association between environmental factors and GC risk. For each meta-analysis, the random effect size, 95% confidence interval, heterogeneity among studies, and evidence of publication bias were assessed; moreover, the evidence was graded using predefined criteria, and the methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR 2. Results A total of 137 associations were examined in 76 articles. Among these meta-analyses, 93 associations yielded significant estimates (p < 0.05). Only 10 associations had strong epidemiologic evidence, including 2 risk factors (waist circumference and bacon), and 8 protective factors (dietary total antioxidant capacity, vegetable fat, cruciferous vegetable, cabbage, total vitamin, vitamin A, vitamin C, and years of fertility); 26 associations had moderate quality of evidence; and the remaining 57 associations were rated as weak. Ninety-four (68.61%) associations showed significant heterogeneity. Twenty-five (18.25%) associations demonstrated publication bias. Conclusions In this comprehensive analysis, multiple associations were found between environmental factors and GC with varying levels of evidence. Healthy dietary habits and lifestyle patterns could reduce the risk for GC. However, further high-quality prospective studies are still necessary to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaobing Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Noro F, Santonastaso F, Marotta A, Bonaccio M, Orlandi S, Tirozzi A, Costanzo S, De Curtis A, Gianfagna F, Di Castelnuovo A, Brighenti F, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Gialluisi A, Izzi B, de Gaetano G, Donati MB, Bonaccio M, Bonanni A, Cerletti C, Costanzo S, De Curtis A, Di Castelnuovo A, Gialluisi A, Gianfagna F, Persichillo M, Di Prospero T, Vermylen J, Pegoraro R, Spagnolo A, Assanelli D, Rago L, Costanzo S, Olivieri M, Panzera T, Di Castelnuovo A, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Esposito S, Gialluisi A, Gianfagna F, Orlandi S, Ruggiero E, Tirozzi A, De Curtis A, Magnacca S, Noro F, Tirozzi A, Persichillo M, Bracone F, Panzera T, Bonanni A. Association of nutritional glycaemic indices with global DNA methylation patterns: results from the Moli-sani cohort. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:189. [PMID: 36578055 PMCID: PMC9798643 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary glycaemic index (GI) and load (GL) have been associated with increased risk of various cardiometabolic conditions. Among the molecular potential mechanisms underlying this relationship, DNA methylation has been studied, but a direct link between high GI and/or GL of diet and global DNA methylation levels has not been proved yet. We analyzed the associations between GI and GL and global DNA methylation patterns within an Italian population. RESULTS Genomic DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) levels were measured in 1080 buffy coat samples from participants of the Moli-sani study (mean(SD) = 54.9(11.5) years; 52% women) via ELISA. A 188-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess food intake and dietary GI and GL for each participant were calculated. Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the associations between dietary GI and GL and global 5mC and 5hmC levels, as well as the proportion of effect explained by metabolic and inflammatory markers. We found negative associations of GI with both 5mC (β (SE) = - 0.073 (0.027), p = 0.007) and 5hmC (- 0.084 (0.030), p = 0.006), and of GL with 5mC (- 0.14 (0.060), p = 0.014). Circulating biomarkers did not explain the above-mentioned associations. Gender interaction analyses revealed a significant association of the gender-x-GL interaction with 5mC levels, with men showing an inverse association three times as negative as in women (interaction β (SE) = - 0.16 (0.06), p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns represent a biomarker of carbohydrate intake. Based on the differential association of GL with 5mC between men and women, further gender-based separate approaches are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Noro
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Federica Santonastaso
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.510779.d0000 0004 9414 6915Present Address: Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Present Address: European School of Molecular Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marotta
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Present Address: Center of Predictive Molecular Medicine, Center for Excellence on Ageing and Translational Medicine (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Sabatino Orlandi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Alfonsina Tirozzi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- grid.18147.3b0000000121724807EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy ,grid.477084.80000 0004 1787 3414Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Furio Brighenti
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.18147.3b0000000121724807EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.18147.3b0000000121724807EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Benedetta Izzi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
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Kim J, Boushey CJ, Wilkens LR, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Park SY. Plant-based dietary patterns defined by a priori indices and colorectal cancer risk by sex and race/ethnicity: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. BMC Med 2022; 20:430. [PMID: 36443779 PMCID: PMC9706862 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets assessed by a priori indices are associated with health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between pre-defined indices of plant-based diets and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated whether the association varies by sex, race and ethnicity, and anatomic subsite of tumors. METHODS A total of 79,952 men and 93,475 women who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study were included. Primary outcome was incidence of invasive CRC. Cox models were used to estimate the risk of CRC across quintiles of three plant-based diet scores: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 19.2 years, 4976 incident CRC were identified. Among men, multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quintiles was 0.77 (0.67-0.88) for PDI, and 0.80 (0.70-0.91) for hPDI, while no significant association was found for uPDI among men and for all indices among women. In men, the inverse association for PDI was stronger in Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and White groups than African American or Latino group (P for heterogeneity = 0.01) and for left colon and rectal tumors than right tumors (P for heterogeneity = 0.005), whereas the decreased risk with hPDI was found consistently across racial and ethnic groups and subsites. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to plant-based diets rich in healthy plant foods and low in less healthy plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of CRC in men, but not in women. The strength of the association among men may vary by race and ethnicity and anatomic subsite of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Kazemi M, Kim JY, Wan C, Xiong JD, Michalak J, Xavier IB, Ganga K, Tay CT, Grieger JA, Parry SA, Moran LJ, Lujan ME. Comparison of dietary and physical activity behaviors in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 471 women. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:910-955. [PMID: 35639552 PMCID: PMC9629501 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle (dietary and/or physical activity [PA]) modification is recommended as first-line therapy to manage polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Current recommendations are based on healthy lifestyle practices for the general public since evidence for unique lifestyle approaches in PCOS is limited and low quality. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We aimed to synthesize evidence on dietary and PA behaviors between women with PCOS and those without PCOS. Primary outcomes were overall diet quality, total energy intake and total PA, and secondary outcomes included macronutrients, micronutrients, food groups, foods, glycemic indices, sedentary time and sitting levels. We conducted this work to identify any unique lifestyle behaviors in women with PCOS that could underlie the propensity of weight gain and obesity in PCOS and be targeted for precision nutrition and PA interventions. These findings could be used to inform future practice recommendations and research that more effectively address complications (weight gain, obesity, diabetes, infertility, cardiovascular disease and mental health) in this high-risk population. SEARCH METHODS Databases of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL were searched until 15 February 2022 to identify observational studies documenting dietary and PA behaviors between women with PCOS and without PCOS (Controls). Studies on children, adolescents (<18 years), pregnant or menopausal-aged women (>50 years) were excluded. Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as (standardized) mean differences (MD) and 95% CIs. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). OUTCOMES Fifty-four studies (N = 39 471 participants; [n = 8736 PCOS; 30 735 Controls]) were eligible (96%; [52/54] NOS scores ≥ 7). Women with PCOS had higher cholesterol (MD: 12.78, 95% CI: 1.48 to 24.08 mg/day; P = 0.03; I2 = 19%), lower magnesium (MD: -21.46, 95% CI: -41.03 to -1.91 mg/day; P = 0.03; I2 = 76%), and a tendency for lower zinc (MD: -1.08, 95% CI: -2.19 to -0.03 mg/day; P = 0.05; I2 = 96%) intake, despite lower alcohol consumption (MD: -0.95, 95% CI: -1.67 to 0.22 g/day; P = 0.02; I2 = 0%) versus Controls. Also, women with PCOS had lower total PA (standardized mean difference: -0.38, 95% CI: -0.72 to 0.03; P = 0.03; I2 = 98%). Conversely, energy, macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, protein, fiber), micronutrients (folic acid, iron, calcium, sodium), glycemic index and glycemic load were similar (all: P ≥ 0.06). Most eligible studies reported lower total adherence to healthy eating patterns or poorer consumption of major food groups (grains, fruits, vegetables, proteins, seeds, nuts, dairy) in women with PCOS, as described narratively since variable study methodology did not permit meta-analyses. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Collective evidence supports that women with PCOS have a lower overall diet quality, poorer dietary intakes (higher cholesterol, lower magnesium and zinc) and lower total PA, despite lower alcohol consumption versus those without PCOS. Considerable heterogeneity among studies reinforces the need for research to address any relative contributions of other factors (e.g. genetic, metabolic or sociodemographic) to the observed differences. These clarifications may contribute to future evidence-based guideline recommendations on monitoring and managing PCOS in the era of precision lifestyle medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Hilda and J. Lester Gabrilove Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joy Y Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Wan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia D Xiong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia Michalak
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Isabella B Xavier
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kiran Ganga
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chau Thien Tay
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen A Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marla E Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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"What Should I Eat?"-Addressing Questions and Challenges Related to Nutrition in the Integrative Oncology Setting. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1557-1567. [PMID: 35788876 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to assess how nutrition can be addressed in the integrative oncology setting, taking into account cancer patients' unmet needs as they relate to nutrition in cancer care and the evidence-based information that is available on this topic. RECENT FINDINGS During and after cancer treatment, nutrition is an important component of supportive care, for patients and their family members. Current scientific data consistently show that poor nutrition can reduce survival and decrease adherence to cancer treatments. Unfortunately, the limited availability of dietitians makes access to individualized nutrition counseling challenging, and many cancer patients still do not receive adequate nutritional support. As a result, one of the main unmet needs of patients and their families through the whole cancer trajectory is accessible and up-to-date evidence-based nutritional counseling that emphasizes basic healthy nutrition. The popularity of complementary and integrative medicine among patients with cancer makes the integrative oncology setting an excellent avenue for providing such support. A suggested simple approach that utilizes World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research and American Cancer Society basic information is described. This approach can be easily incorporated into integrative oncology settings, while reserving the role for the registered dietician to address underweight patients, patients with malnutrition, and patients with more complicated dietary situations. The integrative oncology setting is in a unique place in oncology that can be utilized for enhancing dissemination of healthy nutrition information and addressing the unmet needs expressed by patients and families.
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Esposito G, Turati F, Serraino D, Crispo A, Negri E, Parazzini F, La Vecchia C. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations and endometrial cancer risk: a multicentric case-control study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 36093931 PMCID: PMC10197087 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) published evidence-based recommendations for cancer prevention focusing on body weight, physical activity, and diet. Our aim is to evaluate whether adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations could reduce endometrial cancer risk. We used data from a multicentric, Italian hospital-based case-control study (1992-2006) including 454 endometrial cancer cases and 908 age-matched controls. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was measured using a score (range: 0-7) based on seven components: body mass index (BMI), physical activity and five dietary items; higher scores indicated higher adherence. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by multiple (adjusted) conditional logistic regression models including terms for major confounders and energy intake. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was inversely related to endometrial cancer risk (OR = 0·42, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0·30, 0·61 for the highest compared with the lowest score quartile), with a significant trend of decreasing risk with increasing adherence. An inverse association was also observed for a score including only dietary recommendations (OR = 0·67, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96 for the highest compared with the lowest score tertile). In stratified analyses, the association was stronger among women with a normal weight, those who were older, and consequently those in post-menopause, and those with ≥ 2 children. In conclusion, high adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations has a favourable role in endometrial cancer risk, which is not fully explained by body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori – IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, Naples, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Du H, Zhang T, Lu X, Chen M, Li X, Li Z. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273943. [PMID: 36048786 PMCID: PMC9436153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) has been investigated in the field of cancer research for several years. However, the relationship between GI or GL and lung cancer risk remains inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize previous findings on this relationship.
Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Cochrane Library were searched by July 2021. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A fixed or random-effects model was adopted for meta-analysis to compute the pooled relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias analyses were also performed.
Results
In total, nine articles were included, with four case-control studies and five cohort studies, including 17,019 cases and 786,479 controls. After merging the studies, pooled multivariable RRs of lung cancer based on the highest versus the lowest intake were 1.14 (95%CI: 1.03–1.26) and 0.93 (95%CI: 0.84–1.02) for GI and GL. Results persisted in most stratifications after stratifying by potential confounders in the relationship between GI and lung cancer risk. There was a non-linear dose response relation for GI with lung caner risk.
Conclusion
GI typically has a positive relationship with lung cancer risk. However, no associations between GL and lung cancer risk were observed based on current evidence, suggesting that this issue should be studied and verified further to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Du
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianfeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuning Lu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meicui Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
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Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and cause-specific mortality: two population-based prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1142-1149. [PMID: 35105945 PMCID: PMC9339588 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies on the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality yielded conflict results. We aimed to assess these associations in Chinese. METHODS We conducted this study based on two prospective cohort studies in Shanghai. Dietary information was collected using validated cohort-specific food frequency questionnaires. We used Cox regression model to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) for mortality associated with GI and GL. RESULTS After median follow-up periods of 12.8 years for 59,770 men and 18.2 years for 74,735 women, 8,711 deaths in men and 10,501 deaths in women were documented. After we controlled the potential confounders, dietary GI, GL, and carbohydrate intake were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (P values for trend = 0.025, 0.001, and 0.001). Dietary GI was associated with lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality in men in the second quartile (Q) (all-cause mortality: HR Q2 vs. Q1 = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.95). Dietary GL was associated with lower risk of cancer mortality but higher risk of CVD mortality in men. In women, dietary GI was associated with mortality due to all-cause (HRMax Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.06), cancer (HRMax Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.23), and CVD (HRMax Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.22). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that diet with higher GI and GL was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality in Chinese adults. The association may vary for men and women, which need further investigating in other Asian populations.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes and insulin levels may increase the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. In the present investigation, we aimed at evaluating whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) lowers the risk of breast cancer. METHODS We used data from an Italian, multicentric case-control study (1991-1994) including 2569 incident histologically-confirmed breast cancer cases and 2588 hospital controls. A food frequency questionnaire collected subjects' usual diet. We derived a DRRD score on the basis of eight items: intake of cereal fiber, total fruit, coffee, polyunsaturated to saturated fats ratio and nuts (higher scores for higher intakes), and dietary glycemic index, red/processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices (higher scores for lower intakes). The score theoretically ranged 8-37, with higher values indicating greater DRRD adherence. Odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer according to the DRRD score were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS The DRRD score was inversely related to the risk of breast cancer. The ORs were 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.98] for a three-point score increment and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64-0.89) for the highest versus the lowest quartile (P for trend 0.001). Inverse associations were observed in subgroups of covariates. CONCLUSIONS Higher DRRD adherence may decrease the risk of breast cancer.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on the association between glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) in relation to breast cancer risk are contradictory. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary GI and GL and risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. DESIGN Population-based case-control study. Dietary GI and GL were assessed using a validated Willett-format 106-item semi-quantitative FFQ. SETTING Isfahan, Iran. PARTICIPANTS Cases were 350 patients with newly diagnosed stage I-IV breast cancer, for whom the status of breast cancer was confirmed by physical examination and mammography. Controls were 700 age-matched apparently healthy individuals who were randomly selected from general population. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of dietary GI had 47 % higher odds of breast cancer than women in the lowest tertile (OR: 1·47; (95 % CI 1·02, 2·12)). Stratified analysis by menopausal status showed such association among postmenopausal women (OR: 1·51; (95 % CI 1·02, 2·23)). We found no significant association between dietary GL and odds of breast cancer either before (OR: 1·35; (95 % CI 0·99, 1·84)) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 1·24; (95 % CI 0·86, 1·79)). In addition, stratified analysis by menopausal status revealed no significant association between dietary GL and odds of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed a significant positive association between dietary GI and odds of breast cancer. However, we observed no significant association between dietary GL and odds of breast cancer.
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Di Maso M, Augustin LSA, Jenkins DJA, Carioli G, Turati F, Grisoni B, Crispo A, La Vecchia C, Serraino D, Polesel J. Adherence to a cholesterol-lowering diet and the risk of prostate cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:5730-5738. [PMID: 35522943 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests a role of serum cholesterol in prostate cancer (PCa) development and of lipid lowering medications in PCa risk reduction. We developed a score for adherence to an established cholesterol-lowering diet and evaluated its association with PCa risk in a multicentric hospital-based case-control study (1294 cases; 1451 matched controls) in Italy (1992-2001). The score was derived from seven dietary indicators which have been reported to lower cholesterol levels: high intake of non-cellulosic polysaccharides (viscous fibres), monounsaturated fatty acids, legumes, seeds/corn oil; low intake of saturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, and glycaemic index. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through the unconditional logistic regression model. Although most of the dietary indicators alone were not significantly associated with reduced PCa risk, men who fulfilled 5 to 7 dietary indicators (187 cases and 281 controls) showed a 43% reduction in PCa risk compared to those with 0 to 2 indicators (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.77). This association was not modified by socio-demographic characteristics or lifestyle factors. In conclusion, adherence to a cholesterol-lowering diet is a favourable factor against the risk of PCa, providing support to dietary guidelines that promote cholesterol reduction through plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Di Maso
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fondazione G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola 1-80131, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Benedetta Grisoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fondazione G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola 1-80131, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) Aviano, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) Aviano, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
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Haluszka E, Niclis C, Diaz MDP, Osella AR, Aballay LR. Higher dietary glycaemic index, intake of high glycaemic index foods and insulin load are associated with the risk of breast cancer, with differences according to body mass index in women from Córdoba, Argentina. Nutr Res 2022; 104:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kamal N, Ilowefah MA, Hilles AR, Anua NA, Awin T, Alshwyeh HA, Aldosary SK, Jambocus NGS, Alosaimi AA, Rahman A, Mahmood S, Mediani A. Genesis and Mechanism of Some Cancer Types and an Overview on the Role of Diet and Nutrition in Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061794. [PMID: 35335158 PMCID: PMC8955916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease with a high mortality rate worldwide. In many countries, cancer is considered to be the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease. The clinical management of cancer continues to be a challenge as conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, have limitations due to their toxicity profiles. Unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits are the key risk factors for cancer; having a healthy diet and lifestyle may minimize the risk. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high fruit and vegetable intake in our regular diet can effectively reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancers due to the high contents of antioxidants and phytochemicals. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that phytochemicals exert significant anticancer effects due to their free radical scavenging capacity potential. There has been extensive research on the protective effects of phytochemicals in different types of cancers. This review attempts to give an overview of the etiology of different types of cancers and assesses the role of phytonutrients in the prevention of cancers, which makes the present review distinct from the others available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurkhalida Kamal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Muna Abdulsalam Ilowefah
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sabha University, Sabha 00218, Libya;
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Adlina Anua
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Tahani Awin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Qar Yunis, Benghazi 5341, Libya;
| | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.K.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Centre, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Khamees Aldosary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.K.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Najla Gooda Sahib Jambocus
- Ministry of Education, Tertiary Education, Science and Technology, MITD House, Phoenix 73544, Mauritius;
| | - Areej A. Alosaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.K.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +603-7967-4909 (S.M.); +601-7357-0420 (A.M.)
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.); (N.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +603-7967-4909 (S.M.); +601-7357-0420 (A.M.)
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The interaction between glycemic index, glycemic load, and the genetic variant ADIPOQ T45G (rs2241766) in the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study in a Korean population. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2601-2614. [PMID: 35243553 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and adiponectin level contribute to glycemic response and insulin sensitivity in the body. Studies have shown that tumor development is related to glycemic disorders; however, the results are contradictory. We aimed to investigate the association of GI and GL with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a Korean population and their possible interactions with the genetic variant ADIPOQ T45G. METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study including 2096 participants with 695 CRC cases was conducted. The results showed that diets with high GI or GL were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC [odds ratio (OR) = 5.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.85-7.68; OR = 4.43, 95% CI 3.18-6.15, respectively; all p-trends < 0.001]. Moreover, even with a low-GI and low-GL diet, G/G genotype carriers may have 2.93-fold and 3.77-fold higher risk of rectal cancer compared to carriers of other genotypes (T/T + T/G), (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.01-8.59, p-interaction = 0.011 for GI; OR = 3.77, 95% CI 1.46-9.77, p-interaction = 0.025 for GL). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study suggests positive associations of GI and GL with CRC risk. Moreover, the associations of GI and GL with rectal cancer risk could be modified by ADIPOQ T45G in a Korean population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
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The association of dietary insulin load and index with the risk of cancer and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1105-1118. [PMID: 35673451 PMCID: PMC9167375 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Insulin levels play an important role in cancer development. However, the link between an insulinogenic diet and cancer is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the association between dietary insulin index (II) and load (IL) with cancer risk and mortality. Methods A comprehensive search between electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar) was conducted to identify relevant studies up to January 2022. The relative risks (RR) and Odds ratios (OR) were extracted from eligible studies, and meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect size. Result 12 papers including 14 studies (10 cohorts and 4 case-control) were included for the meta-analysis. Among them, 10 studies reported effect size for the risk of cancer, and 4 studies reported effect size for cancer mortality. We observed no significant association between II and IL with cancer overall (RRII: 1.03, 95%CI: 0.91-1.17, RRIL: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.94-1.42) and in cohort studies, however, in case-control studies was related with higher odds of cancer (ORII: 2.30, 95%CI: 1.21-4.38, ORIL: 2.57, 95%CI: 1.64-4.02). Higher II and IL scores were associated with the increased risk of total (RRII: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.02-1.63) and (RRIL: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.06-1.83) and colorectal cancer mortality (RRII: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.13-1.48) and (RRIL: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.18-1.60). Conclusion Higher dietary II and IL were not associated with cancer risk in overall and cohort studies, whereas related with a higher risk of cancer in case-control studies. We observed a significant positive relation of II and IL with cancer mortality, especially CRC mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01013-3.
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Long T, Liu K, Long J, Li J, Cheng L. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2115-2127. [PMID: 35034169 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is considerable inconsistency in results regarding the association of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with cancer risk. We therefore conducted this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to evaluate the relationship between dietary GI/GL and cancer risk. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for prospective cohort studies of dietary GI/GL in relation to risks of all types of cancer up to 31 March 2021. We used a random-effect model to calculate summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The certainty of evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020215338). RESULTS Overall, 55 cohorts were included in the meta-analysis. We assessed the relationship between dietary GI or GL and risks of 23 cancer types, including hormone-related cancers, cancers from digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system and other cancer sites. High GI diet increased overall risk of cancer with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 3, RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07). For site-specific cancers, high GI diet increased risks of lung cancer (highest vs lowest categories, n = 5, RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.18) and breast cancer (highest vs lowest categories, n = 14, RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09), especially for postmenopausal breast cancer (highest vs lowest categories, n = 10, RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13), all with low certainty of evidence. Additionally, dietary GI was positively related to risk of bladder cancer with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 3, RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.40), as well as negatively related to ovarian cancer risk with very low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 4, RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-1.00) and lymphoma risk with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 2, RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.98). Besides, we found an inverse association of dietary GL with lung cancer risk with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 5, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.94). CONCLUSION High dietary GI increased overall cancer risk with low certainty of evidence. For site-specific cancers, high GI diet increased the risks of breast cancer with low certainty of evidence and lung cancer with low certainty of evidence. Dietary GL was inversely associated with lung cancer risk with low certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Atkinson FS, Brand-Miller JC, Foster-Powell K, Buyken AE, Goletzke J. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1625-1632. [PMID: 34258626 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable tables of glycemic indexes (GIs) and glycemic loads (GLs) are critical to research examining the relationship between glycemic qualities of carbohydrate in foods, diets, and health. In the 12 years since the last edition of the tables, a large amount of new data has become available. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and tabulate published and unpublished sources of reliable GI values, including an assessment of the reliability of the data. METHODS This edition of the tables lists over 4000 items, a 61% increase in the number of entries compared to the 2008 edition. The data have been separated into 2 lists. The first represents more precise values derived using the methodology recommended by the International Standards Organization (∼2100 items). The second list contains values determined using less robust methods, including using limited numbers of healthy subjects or with a large SEM (∼1900 food items). RESULTS Dairy products, legumes, pasta, and fruits were usually low-GI foods (≤55 on the 100-point glucose scale) and had consistent values around the world. Cereals and cereal products, however, including whole-grain or whole-meal versions, showed wide variation in GI values, presumably arising from variations in manufacturing methods. Breads, breakfast cereals, rice, savory snack products, and regional foods were available in high-, medium-, and low-GI versions. Most varieties of potato were high-GI foods, but specific low-GI varieties have now been identified. CONCLUSIONS The availability of new data on the GIs of foods will facilitate wider research and application of the twin concepts of GI and GL. Although the 2021 edition of the tables improves the quality and quantity of GI data available for research and clinical practice, GI testing of regional foods remains a priority. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO as #171204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona S Atkinson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennie C Brand-Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaye Foster-Powell
- Diabetes Service, Division of Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Australia
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Janina Goletzke
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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Debras C, Chazelas E, Srour B, Julia C, Kesse-Guyot E, Zelek L, Agaësse C, Druesne-Pecollo N, Andreeva VA, Galan P, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Touvier M. Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and cancer risk: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 51:250-264. [PMID: 34491326 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that high dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are potential risk factors for several metabolic disorders (e.g. type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases), but remains limited concerning cancer risk. Although, mechanistic data suggest that consuming high-GI foods may contribute to carcinogenesis through elevated blood glucose levels, insulin resistance or obesity-related mechanisms. Our objective was to study the associations between dietary GI/GL and cancer. METHODS In total, 103 020 French adults (median age = 40.2 years) from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2020) with no cancer or diabetes at baseline were included (705 137 person-years, median follow-up time = 7.7 years). Repeated 24-h dietary records linked with a detailed food-composition table (>3500 food/beverage items). We computed the average dietary GI and GL at the individual level. Associations between GI, GL, contribution of low- and medium/high-GI foods to energy and carbohydrate intake and cancer risk (overall, breast, prostate and colorectal) were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models. RESULTS Higher dietary GL was associated with higher overall cancer risk [n = 3131 cases, hazard ratios (HRs) for sex-specific quintile 5 vs 1 = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.52; Ptrend = 0.008] and specifically postmenopausal breast cancer (n = 924, HRQ5vs.Q1 = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.06-2.55; Ptrend = 0.03). A higher contribution of low-GI food/beverages to energy intake was associated with lower cancer risk whereas a higher contribution of medium/high-GI items to energy intake was positively associated with higher risk of overall, breast and postmenopausal breast cancers (Ptrend ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results support a possible impact of GI/GL on cancer risk. If confirmed in other populations and settings, dietary GI/GL could be considered as modifiable risk factors for primary cancer prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Debras
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Eloi Chazelas
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Laurent Zelek
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Oncology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Cédric Agaësse
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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Turati F, Rossi M, Mattioli V, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:309-316. [PMID: 34338866 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) on pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS We used data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2008; the study included 326 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 652 controls matched by age, gender and study center. Subjects' usual diet was collected through a valid and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. A DRRD score was derived from 8 dietary components: cereal fiber, total fruit, coffee, polyunsaturated to saturated fats ratio and nuts (higher score for higher intake), and dietary glycemic index, red/processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices (higher score for lower intake). The score ranged 8-37, with higher values indicating greater DRRD adherence. Odds ratios (ORs) of pancreatic cancer according to the DRRD score were estimated using multiple conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After allowance for confounding factors, the DRRD score was inversely related to pancreatic cancer risk, with ORs of 0.55 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.38-0.80) for the highest versus the lowest score tertile (p for trend across tertiles = 0.002) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) for a 3-point score increment. The exclusion of diabetic subjects and additional adjustment for vegetable intake did not change the results. Inverse associations were observed in subgroups defined by age, gender, education, body mass index, smoking and total energy intake. CONCLUSION Study findings suggest a protective role of high adherence to a DRRD on pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turati
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Mattioli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Humanities, Pegaso Online University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Esposito G, Bravi F, Serraino D, Parazzini F, Crispo A, Augustin LSA, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Turati F. Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Endometrial Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082630. [PMID: 34444790 PMCID: PMC8399314 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases endometrial cancer risk. We investigated the role of a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) on the risk of endometrial cancer using data from a multicentric, Italian hospital-based case-control study (1992-2006) enrolling 454 histologically confirmed cases of endometrial cancer and 908 controls matched by age and center. We derived a DRRD score assigning higher scores for higher intakes of cereal fiber, fruit, coffee, polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio, and nuts and for lower glycemic load and lower intakes of red/processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices. The odds ratios (OR) of endometrial cancer according to the DRRD score were derived by multiple conditional logistic regression models. The OR for high (DRRD score >24, i.e., third tertile) versus medium-low adherence to the DRRD was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.55-0.97). Similar results were observed after the exclusion of diabetic women (OR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56-1.00) and allowance for total vegetable consumption (OR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.60-1.07). Inverse associations were observed in most of the analyzed subgroups. The OR for high DRRD combined with high vegetable consumption was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.28-0.73). Our results suggest that diets able to reduce diabetes risk may also reduce endometrial cancer risk. High vegetable consumption combined with high adherence to the DRRD may provide additional benefit in endometrial cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.E.); (F.B.); (F.P.); (E.N.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.E.); (F.B.); (F.P.); (E.N.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33080 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.E.); (F.B.); (F.P.); (E.N.); (C.L.V.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology—Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (L.S.A.A.)
| | - Livia S. A. Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (L.S.A.A.)
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.E.); (F.B.); (F.P.); (E.N.); (C.L.V.)
- Department of Humanities, Pegaso Online University, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.E.); (F.B.); (F.P.); (E.N.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Federica Turati
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-032-0874
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Jin H, Pang L, Li H, Xu M, Yan H, Li R. [Value of combined detection of ITGA4 and SFRP2 gene methylation in stool DNA in diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal tumors]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:891-897. [PMID: 34238742 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.06.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of quantitative detection of ITGA4 and SFRP2 gene methylation in stool DNA for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal tumors. OBJECTIVE Real-time PCR was used for quantitative assessment of ITGA4 and SFRP2 gene methylation levels in stool samples of 85 patients with colorectal cancer, 65 patients with colorectal adenoma and 40 healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE The 3 groups were comparable for age and gender composition. Methylated ITGA4 and SFRP2 promoters were detected in 48.2% and 62.4% of patients with colorectal cancer, respectively, with a combined positivity of 81.2%. ITGA4 and SFRP2 promoter methylation was detected in 23.1% and 43.1% of patients with colorectal adenoma, respectively, with a combined positivity of 69.2%. The positivity rates of ITGA4 and SFRP2 methylation were significantly higher in patients with colorectal cancer than in those with colorectal adenoma (P < 0.001; P= 0.001) and healthy subjects (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). In colorectal cancer group, ITGA4 and SFRP2 promoter methylation levels were correlated with postoperative tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer group, and the relapse-free survival rate was significantly lower in positive patients for ITGA4 and SFRP2 promoter methylation than in the negative patients (P=0.0002; P=0.007). Multivariate analysis with the COX proportional hazard regression model showed that methylation of ITGA4 and SFRP2 gene promoters (P=0.01) and the degree of tumor differentiation (P=0.03) were associated with the recurrence of colorectal cancer, and were independent risk factors for the recurrence of colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE Combined detection of ITGA4 and SFRP2 gene methylation levels in stool DNA can improve the early diagnosis rate of colorectal tumor. ITGA4 and SFRP2 promoter methylation and the degree of tumor differentiation are independent risk factors for colorectal cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - L Pang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Quality Control, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - H Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - R Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
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44
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Hosseini F, Imani H, Sheikhhossein F, Majdi M, Ghanbari M, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Carbohydrate Quality and Quantity and Risk of Breast Cancer among Iranian Women. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:916-926. [PMID: 34180312 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1942931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between quality and quantity of carbohydrate by assessing low carbohydrates diet score (LCDS), carbohydrate quality score (CQI), glycemic index (GI), dietary glycemic load (GL), and dietary carbohydrate intake, and risk of breast cancer (BrCa) among Iranian women. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was carried out in the Cancer Research Center of Imam Khomeini hospital, Iran. We included One hundred and fifty newly diagnosed BrCa cases and one hundred and fifty healthy controls in this study. Socio-demographic and dietary data and anthropometric measures were recorded. RESULTS We found that a higher CQI than a lower score was associated with a decrease in odds of BrCa (P = 0.04). After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that CQI was not associated with BrCa development (P = 0.05). An increase in odds of BrCa among women in the highest tertiles of GL (P = 0.12), GI (P = 0.48), and dietary carbohydrate intake (P = 0.06) was seen, which was not statistically significant. There was also a non-significant lower chance of having BrCa with adherence to the LCDS (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CQI was not related to BrCa risk among Iranian women. This relation deserves to be investigated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ghanbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Huang HL, Abe SK, Sawada N, Takachi R, Ishihara J, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Iso H, Mizoue T, Noda M, Hashizume M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and mortality: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4607-4620. [PMID: 34159430 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term associations of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with mortality outcomes remain unclear. METHODS The present analysis included 72,783 participants of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Participants who responded to the 5-year follow-up questionnaire in 1995-1999 were followed-up until December 2015. We estimated the risk of total and cause-specific mortality associated with GI and GL using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS During 1,244,553 person years of follow-up, 7535 men and 4913 women died. GI was positively associated with all-cause mortality. As compared with the lowest quartile, the multivariable HR for those who had the highest quartile of GI was 1.14 (95% CI 1.08-1.20). The HRs for death comparing the highest with the lowest quartile were 1.28 (95% CI 1.14-1.42) for circulatory system diseases, 1.33 (95% CI 1.14-1.55) for heart disease, 1.32 (95% CI 1.11-1.57) for cerebrovascular disease, and 1.45 (95% CI 1.18-1.78) for respiratory diseases. GI was not associated with mortality risks of cancer and digestive diseases. GL showed a null association with all-cause mortality (highest vs lowest quartile; HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.96-1.12). However, among those who had the highest quartile of GL, the HRs for death from circulatory system diseases was 1.24 (95% CI 1.05-1.46), cerebrovascular disease was 1.34 (95% CI 1.03-1.74), and respiratory diseases was 1.35 (95% CI 1.00-1.82), as compared with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION In this large prospective cohort study, dietary GI and GL were associated with mortality risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lan Huang
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Mongiovi JM, Freudenheim JL, Moysich KB, McCann SE. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort. J Nutr 2021; 151:1597-1608. [PMID: 33693724 PMCID: PMC8169811 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death among women in the US, yet few modifiable risk factors have been established. Diets high in glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been linked to several cancers, but epidemiologic studies of ovarian cancer have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to examine associations between GI or GL and ovarian cancer. METHODS We used prospective data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cohort. GI and GL were calculated from validated FFQs. Participants were women who were aged 60 to 74 y, did not have a history of cancer, and had both ovaries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for risk of ovarian cancer associated with quartiles of GI and GL. Analyses were performed separately for those who completed the dietary questionnaire at baseline (DQX) or later in the study (DHQ). RESULTS From the DQX sample set, 181 cases were identified among 24,633 women with median follow-up of 12.1 y; there were 211 cases among 42,410 women in the DHQ set, with median follow-up of 8.9 y. After adjusting for age at dietary questionnaire completion, year of randomization, year of questionnaire, study center, and oral contraceptive use, the risk of ovarian cancer decreased by 43% (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88) among those in the highest compared with those in the lowest quartile of GL (DQX). Those in the highest compared with those in the lowest quartile of GI (DHQ), had a 38% lower risk (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS We observed lower risk of ovarian cancer associated with higher GI and GL. Results should be interpreted with caution as they may have been influenced by limitations including lack of variability in dietary intake. Additional studies are needed to better understand what is driving these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Mongiovi
- University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Susan E McCann
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Kroeger J, Siegmund T, Schubert O, Keuthage W, Lettmann M, Richert K, Pfeiffer A. AGP und Ernährung – Mit CGM postprandiale Glukoseverläufe analysieren. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1310-2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungErnährungstherapien zählen zu den Grundlagen eines effektiven Diabetesmanagements bei Menschen sowohl mit Typ-1-, als auch mit Typ-2-Diabetes. Auch für Menschen mit Prädiabetes oder Adipositas sind Lebensstilinterventionen, einschließlich Ernährungsempfehlungen, Bestandteil der grundlegenden Therapie. Es wird empfohlen, die Ernährung individuell an die persönlichen Umstände, Präferenzen und metabolischen Ziele anzupassen. Im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung finden mHealth-Interventionen, beispielsweise in Form von kontinuierlich Glukose messenden Systemen (CGM), vermehrt Einzug in die Ernährungstherapie. Das ambulante Glukoseprofil (AGP) zeigt eine strukturierte und grafische Zusammenstellung der durch CGM gewonnenen Daten. Nach einer Bewertung der glykämischen Situation (Hypoglykämien, Variabilität und Stabilität der Glukosewerte) kann das AGP auch als Unterstützung bezüglich einer Ernährungsanpassung dienen. Ziel dieser Publikation ist es, eine allgemeine Übersicht über die Ernährungsempfehlungen, speziell in Deutschland, zu ermöglichen und den Nutzen kontinuierlicher Glukosemessungen in Bezug auf Ernährung zu beschreiben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kroeger
- Diabetologie, Zentrum für Diabetologie Hamburg-Bergedorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Siegmund
- Diabetes-, Hormon- und Stoffwechselzentrum, Diabetes-, Hormon- und Stoffwechselzentrum, Privatpraxis am Isar Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Oliver Schubert
- Ärztehaus am ZOB, Diabetes Schwerpunktpraxis, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Schwerpunktpraxis für Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Lettmann
- Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, ehemals Schwerpunktpraxis für Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Münster, Germany
| | - Katja Richert
- Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Angiologie, Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Angiologie, München, Klinik Bogenhausen, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Pfeiffer
- Endokrinologie, Stoffwechsel- und Ernährungsmedizin, Klinik für Endokrinologie, Stoffwechsel- und Ernährungsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Jin Q, Hart PA, Shi N, Joseph JJ, Donneyong M, Conwell DL, Clinton SK, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Brasky TM, Tinker LF, Liu S, Shadyab AH, Thomson CA, Qi L, Rohan T, Tabung FK. Dietary Patterns of Insulinemia, Inflammation and Glycemia, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1229-1240. [PMID: 33827986 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer risk is increasing in countries with high consumption of Western dietary patterns and rising obesity rates. We examined the hypothesis that specific dietary patterns reflecting hyperinsulinemia (empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia; EDIH), systemic inflammation (empirical dietary inflammatory pattern; EDIP), and postprandial glycemia [glycemic index (GI); glycemic load (GL)] are associated with pancreatic cancer risk, including the potential modifying role of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and body mass index (BMI). METHODS We calculated dietary scores from baseline (1993-1998) food frequency questionnaires among 129,241 women, 50-79 years-old in the Women's Health Initiative. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for pancreatic cancer risk. RESULTS During a median 19.9 years of follow-up, 850 pancreatic cancer cases were diagnosed. We observed no association between dietary scores and pancreatic cancer risk overall. However, risk was elevated among participants with longstanding T2D (present >3 years before pancreatic cancer diagnosis) for EDIH. For each 1 SD increment in dietary score, the HRs (95% CIs) were: EDIH, 1.33 (1.06-1.66); EDIP, 1.26 (0.98-1.63); GI, 1.26 (0.96-1.67); and GL, 1.23 (0.96-1.57); although interactions were not significant (all P interaction >0.05). Separately, we observed inverse associations between GI [0.86 (0.76-0.96), P interaction = 0.0068] and GL [0.83 (0.73-0.93), P interaction = 0.0075], with pancreatic cancer risk among normal-weight women. CONCLUSIONS We observed no overall association between the dietary patterns evaluated and pancreatic cancer risk, although women with T2D appeared to have greater cancer risk. IMPACT The elevated risk for hyperinsulinemic diets among women with longstanding T2D and the inverse association among normal-weight women warrant further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Phil A Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ni Shi
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joshua J Joseph
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Darwin L Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lihong Qi
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Kröger J, Siegmund T, Schubert-Olesen O, Keuthage W, Lettmann M, Richert K, Pfeiffer AFH. AGP and Nutrition - Analysing postprandial glucose courses with CGM. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 174:108738. [PMID: 33711395 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional therapies are one of the fundamentals of effective management of diabetes type 1 and type 2. Lifestyle interventions, including nutritional recommendations, are also part of the basic therapy for people with prediabetes or obesity. It is recommended that the diet should be individually adapted to personal circumstances, preferences and metabolic goals. In the age of digitalisation, mHealth interventions, like continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGM), are increasingly finding their way into nutrition therapy. The ambulatory glucose profile (AGP), a structured and graphical compilation of the obtained CGM data, can also be used as a support for dietary adjustment. After assessment of the glycaemic situation (hypoglycaemia, variability and stability of glucose levels). This publication aims to provide a general overview of nutritional recommendations, especially in Germany, and to describe the benefits of CGM measurements with regard to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kröger
- Centre for Diabetology Hamburg Bergedorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Siegmund
- Diabetes, Hormones and Metabolism Centre, Private Practice at the Isar Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Keuthage
- Medical Practise Specialised on Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Lettmann
- Formerly Medical Practise Specialised on Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Katja Richert
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Angiology, Munich Bogenhausen Clinic, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
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Hatami Marbini M, Amiri F, Sajadi Hezaveh Z. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, insulin load and risk of diabetes-related cancers: A systematic review of cohort studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:22-31. [PMID: 33745582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is believed that diets high in glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), Insulin index (II), and Insulin load (IL) are associated with the increased risks of certain cancers through increasing serum glucose or insulin levels. METHODS We conducted this systematic review of cohort studies to evaluate the possible relation between GI, GL, II, and IL with diabetes-related cancers, including colorectal, bladder, breast, endometrium, liver, pancreas, and prostate cancers. Two separate investigators conducted a literature search through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to February 2020, plus reference lists of relevant articles. RESULTS Fifty-three cohort studies with a total of 100 098 cancer cases were included in this systematic review. Fifteen out of eighteen studies among breast cancer cases reported no significant association between GI/GL and cancer risk. These numbers were 4 out of 13 for colorectal cancer, 7 out of 9 for endometrial cancer, 2 out of 3 for liver cancer, 8 out of 10 for pancreatic cancer, and 3 out of 3 for prostate cancer. Only one cohort investigated this association in terms of bladder cancer and reported a significant association. Also, five studies reported this relation in terms of II/IL, and only one cohort among endometrial cancer patients observed a significant positive association between the risk of cancer and IL. CONCLUSION We concluded a weak association between dietary GI/GL and no association between II/IL with diabetes-related cancer risk. More cohort studies are required to be performed regarding II/IL and the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahare Hatami Marbini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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