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Abbasian Josheghani M, Tagharrobi Z, Sharifi K, Sooki Z, Zare Joshaghani F, Zare M. The effects of auriculotherapy on depression among elderly people: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2024; 83:103054. [PMID: 38789059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high prevalence of depression in elderly people, appropriate interventions are essential. This study aimed to assess the effects of auriculotherapy on depression among elderly people. METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2021. Fifty-two elderly were conveniently selected and randomly allocated to the sham (n = 26) and intervention (n = 26) groups through block randomization. The intervention group was subjected to four weeks of auriculotherapy at the Shen-Men, zero, heart, antidepressant, and master cerebral points using Vaccaria seeds fixed with adhesive tape. In the sham group, adhesive tapes were attached to the points with neither seeds nor compression. The elderly and data collector were blinded. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depression before, immediately after, and four weeks after the intervention (T1-T3). The statistical methods used were repeated measures analysis of variance and covariance. RESULTS Groups significantly differed concerning participants' gender, education, and employment (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding effects, the time-group interaction significantly affected the mean depression score (p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.54). There was no significant difference between the depression score in the sham and intervention groups at T1 (9.6 ± 2.5 vs 9.5 ± 2.5, p = 0.263); however, this difference was found to be significant at T2 (8.6 ± 2 vs 4.2 ± 1.2, p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.68) and T3 (9.3 ± 2.3 vs 4.3 ± 1.3, p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.65). Within-group analysis revealed significant differences in the depression scores of the intervention group at T1 compared with those at T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). In contrast, the mean depression score in the sham group at T2 was significantly lower than that at T1 (p = 0.003) and greater than that at T3 (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Auriculotherapy alleviates depression and can be used as a complementary therapy for elderly people with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Tagharrobi
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Sharifi
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Sooki
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare Joshaghani
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Zare
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Ferrari S, Mulè S, Parini F, Galla R, Ruga S, Rosso G, Brovero A, Molinari C, Uberti F. The influence of the gut-brain axis on anxiety and depression: A review of the literature on the use of probiotics. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:237-255. [PMID: 38707924 PMCID: PMC11069002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to argue how using probiotics can improve anxiety and depressive behaviour without adverse effects, also exploring the impact of postbiotics on it. Specifically, probiotics have drawn more attention as effective alternative treatments, considering the rising cost of antidepressant and anti-anxiety drugs and the high risk of side effects. Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental illnesses in the world's population, characterised by low mood, poor general interest, and cognitive or motor dysfunction. Thus, this study analysed published literature on anxiety, depression, and probiotic supplementation from PubMed and Scopus, focusing on the last twenty years. This study focused on the effect of probiotics on mental health as they have drawn more attention because of their extensive clinical applications and positive impact on various diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated how the gut microbiota might be critical for mood regulation and how probiotics can affect host health by regulating the gut-brain axis. By comparing the different works analysed, it was possible to identify a strategy by which they are selected and employed and, at the same time, to assess how the effect of probiotics can be optimised using postbiotics, an innovation to improve mental well-being in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Mulè
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Parini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Rebecca Galla
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Noivita srls, spin Off, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ruga
- Noivita srls, spin Off, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Rosso
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brovero
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Italy
| | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
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Chen Y, Lin J, Tao M. Association between cheese and fish consumption and the occurrence of depression based on European population: mediating role of metabolites. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1322254. [PMID: 38694223 PMCID: PMC11061354 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1322254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of cheese and fish has been linked to the onset of depression. However, the connection between consuming cheese, consuming fish, experiencing depression, and the pathways that mediate this relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential association between the consumption of cheese and fish and the occurrence of depression. Moreover, it is important to identify any metabolites that might be involved and understand their respective roles and functions. Methods A two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on cheese, non-oily fish, and oily fish consumption and depression, along with 12 alternate mediators. The study included a total of 451,486 participants in the cheese consumption group, 460,880 in the non-oily fish consumption group, 460,443 in the oily fish consumption group, and 322,580 with a diagnosis of depression. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. Results The data we collected suggested that consuming more cheese correlated with a lower likelihood of experiencing depression (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98). Neither non-oily fish nor oily fish consumption was directly linked to depression onset (p = 0.08, p = 0.78, respectively). Although there was a direct causal relationship with depression, the mediating relationship of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol in large HDL, cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, glycine, and phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL of cheese intake on depression risk were - 0.002 (95% CI: -0.023 - 0.020), -0.002 (95% CI: -0.049 - 0.045), -0.001 (95% CI: -0.033 - 0.031), -0.001 (95% CI: -0.018 - 0.015), 0.001 (95% CI: -0.035 - 0.037), and - 0.001 (95% CI: -0.024 - 0.021), respectively. The mediating relationship of uridine, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, total cholesterol in large HDL, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) between non-oily fish consumption and depression risk were 0.016 (95% CI: -0.008 - 0.040), 0.011 (95% CI: -1.269 - 1.290), 0.010 (95% CI: -1.316 - 1.335), 0.011 (95% CI: -0.089 - 0.110), and 0.008 (95% CI: -0.051 - 0.068), respectively. The mediation effect of uridine and free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL between intake of oily fish and the risk of depression was found to be 0.006 (95% CI: -0.015 - 0.028) and - 0.002 (95% CI: -0.020 - 0.017), respectively. The correlation between eating cheese and experiencing depression persisted even when adjusting for other variables like Indian snacks, mango consumption, sushi consumption, and unsalted peanuts using multivariable MR. Conclusion The consumption of cheese and fish influenced the likelihood of experiencing depression, and this may be mediated by certain metabolites in the body. Our study provided a new perspective on the clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixin Lin
- Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Sochacka K, Kotowska A, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S. The Role of Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Depression and Obesity-Interdependent Mechanisms/Co-Occurrence. Nutrients 2024; 16:1039. [PMID: 38613071 PMCID: PMC11013804 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression are interdependent pathological disorders with strong inflammatory effects commonly found worldwide. They determine the health status of the population and cause key problems in terms of morbidity and mortality. The role of gut microbiota and its composition in the treatment of obesity and psychological factors is increasingly emphasized. Published research suggests that prebiotic, probiotic, or symbiotic preparations can effectively intervene in obesity treatment and mood-dysregulation alleviation. Thus, this literature review aims to highlight the role of intestinal microbiota in treating depression and obesity. An additional purpose is to indicate probiotics, including psychobiotics and prebiotics, potentially beneficial in supporting the treatment of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sochacka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Agata Kotowska
- Department of Social Policy, Institute of Sociological Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Qu Z, Zheng Y, Wu S, Bing Y, Sun Z, Zhu S, Li W, Zou X. Two Omics Methods Expose Anti-Depression Mechanism of Raw and Vinegar-Baked Bupleurum Scorzonerifolium Willd. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301733. [PMID: 38217462 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium willd. (BS) and its vinegar-baked product (VBS) has been frequently utilized for depression management in clinical Chinese medicine. This paper aims to elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of BS and VBS from the perspectives of metabonomics and gut microbiota. A rat model of depression was established by CUMS combined with feeding alone to evaluate the antidepressant effects of BS and VBS. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing of rat feces were applied and the correlation of differential metabolic markers and intestinal floras was analyzed. The result revealed that BS and VBS significantly improved depression-like behaviors and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in CUMS rats. There were 27 differential endogenous metabolites between CUMS and normal rats, which were involved in 8 metabolic pathways. Whereas, BS and VBS could regulate 18 and 20 metabolites respectively, wherein fifteen of them were shared metabolites. On the genus level, BS and VBS could regulate twenty-five kinds of intestinal floras in CUMS rats, that is, they increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria. In conclusion, both BS and VBS exert excellent antidepressant effects by regulating various metabolic pathways and ameliorating intestinal microflora dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yifan Bing
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Shiru Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
- Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Ha Er Bin Shi, 150076, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Ha Er Bin Shi, 150076, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RH, UK
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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Gritsenko VA, Martins AC, Tizabi Y, Korobeinikova TV, Paoliello MM, Tinkov AA. Modulation of gut microbiota with probiotics as a strategy to counteract endogenous and exogenous neurotoxicity. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2024; 11:133-176. [PMID: 38741946 PMCID: PMC11090489 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The existing data demonstrate that probiotic supplementation affords protective effects against neurotoxicity of exogenous (e.g., metals, ethanol, propionic acid, aflatoxin B1, organic pollutants) and endogenous (e.g., LPS, glucose, Aβ, phospho-tau, α-synuclein) agents. Although the protective mechanisms of probiotic treatments differ between various neurotoxic agents, several key mechanisms at both the intestinal and brain levels seem inherent to all of them. Specifically, probiotic-induced improvement in gut microbiota diversity and taxonomic characteristics results in modulation of gut-derived metabolite production with increased secretion of SFCA. Moreover, modulation of gut microbiota results in inhibition of intestinal absorption of neurotoxic agents and their deposition in brain. Probiotics also maintain gut wall integrity and inhibit intestinal inflammation, thus reducing systemic levels of LPS. Centrally, probiotics ameliorate neurotoxin-induced neuroinflammation by decreasing LPS-induced TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and prevention of microglia activation. Neuroprotective mechanisms of probiotics also include inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress, at least partially by up-regulation of SIRT1 signaling. Moreover, probiotics reduce inhibitory effect of neurotoxic agents on BDNF expression, on neurogenesis, and on synaptic function. They can also reverse altered neurotransmitter metabolism and exert an antiamyloidogenic effect. The latter may be due to up-regulation of ADAM10 activity and down-regulation of presenilin 1 expression. Therefore, in view of the multiple mechanisms invoked for the neuroprotective effect of probiotics, as well as their high tolerance and safety, the use of probiotics should be considered as a therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse brain effects of various endogenous and exogenous agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Skalny
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Viktor A. Gritsenko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana V. Korobeinikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Monica M.B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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Ling S, Dai Y, Weng R, Li Y, Wu W, Zhou Z, Zhong Z, Zheng Y. Epidemiologic and genetic associations of female reproductive disorders with depression or dysthymia: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5984. [PMID: 38472314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have previously reported an association between depression and certain female reproductive disorders. However, the causal relationships between depression and different types of female reproductive disorders remain unclear in terms of direction and magnitude. We conducted a comprehensive investigation using a two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis, incorporating publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Our aim was to establish a causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and the risk of various female reproductive pathological conditions, such as ovarian dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), ovarian cysts, abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding(AUB), endometriosis, leiomyoma of the uterus, female infertility, spontaneous abortion, eclampsia, pregnancy hypertension, gestational diabetes, excessive vomiting in pregnancy, cervical cancer, and uterine/endometrial cancer. We analyzed a substantial sample size, ranging from 111,831 to 210,870 individuals, and employed robust statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to estimate causal effects. Sensitivity analyses, such as Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots, were also conducted to ensure the validity of our results. Furthermore, risk factor analyses were performed to investigate potential mediators associated with these observed relationships. Our results demonstrated that genetic predisposition to depression or dysthymia was associated with an increased risk of developing PCOS (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59; P = 6.66 × 10-11), ovarian cysts (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55; P = 1.57 × 10-6), AUB (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.66; P = 3.01 × 10-5), and endometriosis (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.27-1.70; P = 2.21 × 10-7) after Bonferroni correction, but no evidence for reverse causality. Our study did not find any evidence supporting a causal or reverse causal relationship between depression/dysthymia and other types of female reproductive disorders. In summary, our study provides evidence for a causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and specific types of female reproductive disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of depression management in the prevention and treatment of female reproductive disorders, notably including PCOS, ovarian cysts, AUB, and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Ling
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqing Dai
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoxin Weng
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqiong Zhou
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhong
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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Merkouris E, Mavroudi T, Miliotas D, Tsiptsios D, Serdari A, Christidi F, Doskas TK, Mueller C, Tsamakis K. Probiotics' Effects in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression: A Comprehensive Review of 2014-2023 Clinical Trials. Microorganisms 2024; 12:411. [PMID: 38399815 PMCID: PMC10893170 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiome can affect cognitive and psychological functions via the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Probiotic supplements are thought to have largely positive effects on mental health when taken in sufficient amounts; however, despite extensive research having been conducted, there is a lack of consistent findings on the effects of probiotics on anxiety and depression and the associated microbiome alterations. The aim of our study is to systematically review the most recent literature of the last 10 years in order to clarify whether probiotics could actually improve depression and anxiety symptoms. Our results indicate that the majority of the most recent literature suggests a beneficial role of probiotics in the treatment of depression and anxiety, despite the existence of a substantial number of less positive findings. Given probiotics' potential to offer novel, personalized treatment options for mood disorders, further, better targeted research in psychiatric populations is needed to address concerns about the exact mechanisms of probiotics, dosing, timing of treatment, and possible differences in outcomes depending on the severity of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermis Merkouris
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (E.M.); (T.M.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Theodora Mavroudi
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (E.M.); (T.M.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Daniil Miliotas
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (E.M.); (T.M.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (E.M.); (T.M.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (F.C.)
- 3rd Neurology Department, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aspasia Serdari
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Foteini Christidi
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (E.M.); (T.M.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Christoph Mueller
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK;
- Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK;
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Dong TS, Mayer E. Advances in Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions: A Comprehensive Update on Signaling Mechanisms, Disorders, and Therapeutic Implications. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:1-13. [PMID: 38336171 PMCID: PMC11126987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The complex, bidirectional interactions between the brain, the gut, and the gut microbes are best referred to as the brain gut microbiome system. Animal and clinical studies have identified specific signaling mechanisms within this system, with gut microbes communicating to the brain through neuronal, endocrine, and immune pathways. The brain, in turn, modulates the composition and function of the gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system, regulating gut motility, secretion, permeability, and the release of hormones impacting microbial gene expression. Perturbations at any level of these interactions can disrupt the intricate balance, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of intestinal, metabolic, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders. Understanding these interactions and their underlying mechanisms holds promise for identifying biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic targets, and for developing more effective treatment strategies for these complex disorders. Continued research will advance our knowledge of this system, with the potential for improved understanding and management of a wide range of disorders. This review provides an update on the current state of knowledge regarding this system, with a focus on recent advancements and emerging research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien S Dong
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emeran Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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11
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Sampaio KB, de Brito Alves JL, do Nascimento YM, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, Dos Santos Nascimento D, de Araújo Rodrigues NP, Monteiro MC, Garcia EF, de Souza EL. Effects of Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions on Combined Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296, Quercetin, and/or Resveratrol as Bioactive Components of Novel Nutraceuticals. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:308-319. [PMID: 36708461 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC) on combined potentially probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296 (~ 10 log CFU/mL), quercetin (QUE, 160 mg), and/or resveratrol (RES, 150 mg) as the bioactive components of novel nutraceuticals. Four different nutraceuticals were evaluated during exposure to SGIC and analyzed the plate counts and physiological status of L. fermentum 296, contents and bioaccessibility of QUE and RES, and antioxidant capacity. Nutraceuticals with QUE and RES had the highest plate counts (4.94 ± 0.32 log CFU/mL) and sizes of live cell subpopulations (28.40 ± 0.28%) of L. fermentum 296 after SGIC exposure. An index of injured cells (Gmean index, arbitrary unit defined as above 0.5) indicated that part of L. fermentum 296 cells could be entered the viable but nonculturable state when the nutraceuticals were exposed to gastric and intestinal conditions while maintaining vitality. The nutraceuticals maintained high contents (QUE ~ 29.17 ± 0.62 and RES ~ 23.05 mg/100 g) and bioaccessibility (QUE ~ 41.0 ± 0.09% and RES ~ 67.4 ± 0.17%) of QUE and RES, as well as high antioxidant capacity (ABTS assay ~ 88.18 ± 1.16% and DPPH assay 75.54 ± 0.65%) during SGIC exposure, which could be linked to the protective effects on L. fermentum 296 cells. The developed nutraceuticals could cross along the gastrointestinal tract with high concentrations of functioning potentially probiotic cells and bioavailable phenolic compounds to exert their beneficial impacts on consumer health, being an innovative strategy for the co-ingestion of these bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Davi Dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Costa Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Department of Gastronomy, Center of Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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12
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Matin S, Dadkhah M. BDNF/CREB signaling pathway contribution in depression pathogenesis: A survey on the non-pharmacological therapeutic opportunities for gut microbiota dysbiosis. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110882. [PMID: 38244808 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the gut microbiota and the brain communication in general health. This axis may affect behavior through modulating neurotransmission, and thereby involve in the pathogenesis and/or progression of different neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP response element-binding protein known as CREB/BDNF pathway plays have critical functions in the pathogenesis of depression as the same of mechanisms related to antidepressants. However, the putative causal significance of the CREB/BDNF signaling cascade in the gut-brain axis in depression remains unknown. Also interventions such as probiotics supplementation and exercise can influence microbiome also improve bidirectional communication of gut and brain. In this review we aim to explain the BDNF/CREB signaling pathway and gut microbiota dysfunction and then evaluate the potential role of probiotics, prebiotics, and exercise as a therapeutic target in the gut microbiota dysfunction induced depression. The current narrative review will specifically focus on the impact of exercise and diet on the intestinal microbiota component, as well as the effect that these therapies may have on the microbiota to alleviate depressive symptoms. Finally, we look at how BDNF/CREB signaling pathway may exert distinct effects on depression and gut microbiota dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Matin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Knudsen JK, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Leutscher P, Hjerrild S, Nielsen RE, Sørensen S. Differences in bacterial taxa between treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder and non-affected controls may be related to a proinflammatory profile. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38297265 PMCID: PMC10832199 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been hypothesized to be involved in MDD through gut-brain axis signaling. Moreover, antidepressants display antibacterial properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory profile of young patients with MDD before and after initiation of antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy in comparison with a non-depressed control group (nonMDD). METHODS Fecal and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up after four and twelve weeks, respectively. Patients started treatment immediately after collection of the baseline samples. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the hypervariable V4 region. Plasma levels of 49 unique immune markers were assessed using Mesoscale. RESULTS In total, 27 MDD patients and 32 nonMDD controls were included in the study. The gut microbiota in the baseline samples of MDD versus nonMDD participants did not differ regarding α- or β-diversity. However, there was a higher relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcus gnavus group, and a lower relative abundance of the genera Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, Megamonas, Olsenella, Gordonibacter, Allisonella and Rothia in the MDD group compared to the nonMDD group. In the MDD group, there was an increase in the genera Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Gordinobacteer and Lactobacillus, while genera belonging to the Firmicutes phylum were found depleted at twelve weeks follow-up compared to baseline. In the MDD group, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17b levels were elevated compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Furthermore, MDI score in the MDD group was found to correlate with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at baseline, and several inflammatory markers at both baseline and after initiation of antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSION Several bacterial taxa differed between the MDD group and the nonMDD group at baseline and changed in relative abundance during antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy. The MDD group was furthermore found to have a pro-inflammatory profile compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Further studies are required to investigate the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory profile of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Knudsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Hjerrild
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Baenas I, Camacho-Barcia L, Miranda-Olivos R, Solé-Morata N, Misiolek A, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Probiotic and prebiotic interventions in eating disorders: A narrative review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024. [PMID: 38297469 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The review aimed to summarise and discuss findings focused on therapeutic probiotic and prebiotic interventions in eating disorders (ED). METHODS Using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science all published studies were retrieved until February 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. From the 111 initial studies, 5 met the inclusion criteria for this review. RESULTS All studies included in this narrative review were focused on anorexia nervosa (AN). Three longitudinal, randomised, controlled trials aimed to evaluate interventions with probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri, yoghurt with Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus) in children and adolescents. These studies primarily emphasised medical outcomes and anthropometric measures following the administration of probiotics. However, the findings yielded mixed results in terms of short-term weight gain or alterations in specific immunological parameters. With a lower level of evidence, supplementation with synbiotics (probiotic + prebiotic) has been associated with improvements in microbiota diversity and attenuation of inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Research on probiotics and prebiotics in ED is limited, primarily focussing on anorexia nervosa (AN). Their use in AN regarding medical and anthropometric outcomes needs further confirmation and future research should be warranted to assess their impact on psychological and ED symptomatology, where there is a notable gap in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baenas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Solé-Morata
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Misiolek
- Proyecto Autoestima Relaciones y Trastornos Alimenticios (ART), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Services, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Bayes J, Schloss J, Sibbritt D. The use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men: current evidence and existing challenges. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:214-218. [PMID: 37519245 PMCID: PMC10751942 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300168x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that diet therapy (nutrients, foods and dietary patterns) could be effective as a potential adjunctive treatment option for major depressive disorder. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed, including the role inflammation, oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and tryptophan/serotonin metabolism. Despite known differences in depression characteristics and treatment responses between males and females, there are limited sex-specific studies examining the role of diet in young men specifically. This is important as young men are often reluctant to seek mental health support, so finding treatment strategies which appeal to this demographic is crucial. This brief report provides an overview of the most recent advances in the use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men, highlighting existing challenges and opportunities for future research. We recommend that clinicians discuss the role of diet with depressed young men, so that diet may be used alongside current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bayes
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - Janet Schloss
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW2007, Australia
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16
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Mötteli S, Vetter S, Colla M, Hotzy F. Are probiotics effective in reducing the metabolic side effects of psychiatric medication? A scoping review of evidence from clinical studies. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:26. [PMID: 38225232 PMCID: PMC10789870 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The psychopharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia or depression is often accompanied by serious side effects. In particular, the clinical findings of weight gain are worrying, as this side effect can lead to various medical sequelae in the future. However, the treatment of metabolic changes in psychiatric patients is often neglected or unsuccessful. An improved knowledge of possible therapeutic approaches is needed. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the utilisation and effectiveness of probiotics in reducing weight gain in patients with severe mental illness. A scoping review of studies published until 15 June 2022 was conducted to identify studies using probiotics in people with schizophrenia or depression. We systematically searched the databases EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and SCOPUS with a predefined search string. In addition, reference lists of relevant publications were examined for additional studies. The studies were assessed by two reviewers. The primary outcomes were weight-related measurements. The secondary outcomes were metabolic blood parameters and gut microbiota. Four studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria. Two studies in which probiotics were administered did not find significant effects on pharmacologically induced weight gain. The other two studies examined the effects of synbiotics (a combination of probiotics and prebiotics). Interestingly, less weight gain was observed in individuals with this combined intervention. Adjustments in diet can be helpful and are generally well-accepted interventions in the fight against pharmacologically induced weight gain. The clinical use of probiotics and prebiotics (or synbiotics) as dietary interventions may represent a promising additional strategy in this regard. However, the few studies available showed no clear conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mötteli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Colla
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Hotzy
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Liu X, Wang S, Wu X, Zhao Z, Jian C, Li M, Qin X. Astragaloside IV Alleviates Depression in Rats by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota, T-Immune Balance, and Metabolome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:259-273. [PMID: 38064688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on abnormal behaviors, intestinal microbiota, intestinal T-immune balance, and fecal metabolism of a model of depression in rats. Herein, we integrally applied 16S rRNA sequencing, molecular biological techniques, and 1H NMR-based fecal metabolomics to demonstrate the antidepression activity of AS-IV. The results suggested that AS-IV regulated the depression-like behaviors of rats, which are presented by an increase of body weight, upregulation of sucrose preference rates, and a decrease of immobility time. Additionally, AS-IV increased the abundances of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Oscillospira) in a model of depression in rats. Moreover, AS-IV regulated significantly the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells, and the abnormal contents of both anti-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory factors. Besides, fecal metabolomics showed that AS-IV improved the abnormal levels of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids. Collectively, our research supplemented new data, supporting the potential of AS-IV as an effective diet or diet composition to improve depression-like behaviors, dysfunctions of microbiota, imbalance of T immune, and the abnormality of fecal metabolome. However, the causality of the other actions was not proven because of the experimental design and the methodology used. The current findings suggest that AS-IV could function as a promising diet or diet composition to alleviate depressed symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Senyan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
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18
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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. An updated overview on the relationship between human gut microbiome dysbiosis and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 128:110861. [PMID: 37690584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a lot of evidence establishing that nervous system development is related to the composition and functions of the gut microbiome. In addition, the central nervous system (CNS) controls the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota, constituting a bidirectional communication system. At present, various gut-brain crosstalk routes have been described, including immune, endocrine and neural circuits via the vagal pathway. Several empirical data have associated gut microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) with neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism and Parkinson's disease, and with other psychological disorders, like anxiety and depression. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) therapy has shown that the gut microbiota can transfer behavioral features to recipient animals, which provides strong evidence to establish a causal-effect relationship. Interventions, based on prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, have demonstrated an important influence of microbiota on neurological disorders by the synthesis of neuroactive compounds that interact with the nervous system and by the regulation of inflammatory and endocrine processes. Further research is needed to demonstrate the influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis on psychiatric and psychological disorders, and how microbiota-based interventions may be used as potential therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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19
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Kopera AF, Khiew YC, Amer Alsamman M, Mattar MC, Olsen RS, Doman DB. Depression and the Aberrant Intestinal Microbiome. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2024; 20:30-40. [PMID: 38405047 PMCID: PMC10885418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders affecting adults in the United States. The current treatment is the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Recently, the evidence linking gut microbiome dysregulation to the development of depression has grown. The pathophysiology is currently poorly understood, although leading hypotheses include involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, and production of signaling molecules by the gut microbiome. Available and emerging treatments of the aberrant microbiome include antidepressants, antibiotics, diet modification, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant. This article explores the interconnectivity of gut microbiota and depression and treatments targeted toward the gut, reviews the gastroenterologist's potential role in managing gut dysbiosis in patients with depression, and highlights research topics to be addressed to create evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F. Kopera
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Yii Chun Khiew
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Mohd Amer Alsamman
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Mark C. Mattar
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Raena S. Olsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Health Gastroenterology at Silver Spring, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - David B. Doman
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Health Gastroenterology at Silver Spring, Silver Spring, Maryland
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20
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Guo W, Xiong W. From gut microbiota to brain: implications on binge eating disorders. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2357177. [PMID: 38781112 PMCID: PMC11123470 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2357177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of eating disorders has been increasing over the last 50 years. Binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are two typical disabling, costly and life-threatening eating disorders that substantially compromise the physical well-being of individuals while undermining their psychological functioning. The distressing and recurrent episodes of binge eating are commonly observed in both BED and BN; however, they diverge as BN often involves the adoption of inappropriate compensatory behaviors aimed at averting weight gain. Normal eating behavior is coordinated by a well-regulated trade-off between intestinal and central ingestive mechanism. Conversely, despite the fact that the etiology of BED and BN remains incompletely resolved, emerging evidence corroborates the notion that dysbiosis of gastrointestinal microbiome and its metabolites, alteration of gut-brain axis, as well as malfunctioning central circuitry regulating motivation, execution and reward all contribute to the pathology of binge eating. In this review, we aim to outline the current state of knowledge pertaining to the potential mechanisms through which each component of the gut-brain axis participates in binge eating behaviors, and provide insight for the development of microbiome-based therapeutic interventions that hold promise in ameliorating patients afflicted with binge eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Hefei, China
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21
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Kikuchi-Hayakawa H, Ishikawa H, Suda K, Gondo Y, Hirasawa G, Nakamura H, Takada M, Kawai M, Matsuda K. Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Daytime Performance in Healthy Office Workers: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:5119. [PMID: 38140378 PMCID: PMC10745872 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) modulates psychological homeostasis via the gut-brain axis. To explore the possible efficacy of LcS for improving daytime performance, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study of 12 healthy office workers with sleep complaints. The participants received fermented milk containing viable LcS (daily intake of 1 × 1011 colony-forming units) and non-fermented placebo milk, each for a 4-week period. In the last week of each period, the participants underwent assessments of their subjective mood and measurements of physiological state indicators via an electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability in the morning and afternoon. The attention score in the afternoon as assessed by the visual analog scale was higher in the LcS intake period than in the placebo intake period (p = 0.041). Theta power on EEG measured at rest or during an auditory oddball task in the afternoon was significantly lower in the LcS period than in the placebo period (p = 0.025 and 0.009, respectively). The change rate of theta power was associated with the change in attention score. Treatment-associated changes were also observed in heart rate and the sympathetic nerve activity index. These results indicate that LcS has possible efficacy for improving daytime performance, supported by observations of the related physiological state indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Kazunori Suda
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology VOF, Technologiepark 94 bus 3, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yusuke Gondo
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Genki Hirasawa
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakamura
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Mai Takada
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Kawai
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuda
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
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22
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Liao SJ, Fang YW, Liu TT. Exploration of related factors of suicide ideation in hospitalized older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:749. [PMID: 37974110 PMCID: PMC10655411 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid aging of the population structure, and the suicide ideation rate also increasing year by year, the ratio of people over 65 to the total number of deaths is increasing yearly. The study provides a reference for researchers interested in older adults' care to explore SI further affecting older adults in the future and provide a reference for qualitative research methods or interventional measures. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the influence of mental health status, life satisfaction, and depression status on suicidal ideation (SI) among hospitalized older adults. METHODS In a cross-sectional correlation study, taking inpatients over 65 years old in a regional teaching hospital in eastern Taiwan, and the BSRS-5 ≧ 5 points of the screening cases, a total of 228 older adults agree to conduct data analysis in this study. Mainly explore the influence of personal characteristics, mental health status, life satisfaction, and depressed mood on SI among the hospitalized older adults. The basic attributes of the cases used in the data, mental health status, cognitive function, quality of life, depression, and suicide ideation, the data obtained were statistically analyzed with SPSS 20/Windows, and the descriptive statistics were average, standard deviation, percentage, median, etc. In the part of inference statistics, independent sample t-test, single-factor analysis of variance, Pearson performance difference correlation, and logistic regression analysis were used to detect important predictors of SI. RESULTS Research results in (1) 89.5% of hospitalized older adults have a tendency to depression. 2.26.3% of the older adults had SI. (2) Here are significant differences in the scores of SI among hospitalized older adults in different economic status groups and marital status groups. (3) The age, marital status, and quality of life of the hospitalized older adults were negatively correlated with SI; economic status, self-conscious health, mental health, and depression were positively correlated with SI. (4) The results of the mental health status and SI is (r = .345, p < .001), higher the score on the BSRS-5 scale, the higher the SI. The correlation between the depression scale score (SDS-SF) and SI was (r = .150, p < .05), the higher the depression scale score, the higher the SI. CONCLUSION The results of the study found that there was a statistically significant correlation between SI in older adults and age, marital status, economic status, mental health, quality of life, and depression, and also showed that they might interact with each other; the older adults in BSRS-5, GDS-SF, quality of life scale scores have statistically significant differences as essential predictors of SI. The results of this study suggest that medical staff can use the BSRS-5 scale to quickly screen and evaluate the mental health status of older adults, hoping to detect early and provide preventive measures, thereby improving the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Liao
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Fang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Tse-Tsung Liu
- Department of Family Physician and Geriatrician, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
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23
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Lachmansingh DA, Lavelle A, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Antidepressant Treatment. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37962812 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of depressive disorders, conventional antidepressant therapy has been the mainstay of clinical management, along with well-established nonpharmacological interventions such as various kinds of psychotherapy. Over the last 2 decades, there has been considerable interest in the role of the gastrointestinal system and its microbiota on brain function, behavior, and mental health. Components of what is referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been uncovered, and further research has elicited functional capabilities such as "gut-brain modules." Some studies have found associations with compositional alterations of gut microbiota in patients with depressive disorders and individuals experiencing symptoms of depression. Regarding the pathogenesis and neurobiology of depression itself, there appears to be a multifactorial contribution, in addition to the theories involving deficits in catecholaminergic and monoamine neurotransmission. Interestingly, there is evidence to suggest that antidepressants may play a role in modulating the gut microbiota, thereby possibly having an impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in this manner. The development of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has led to studies investigating not only their impact on the microbiota but also their therapeutic value in mental health. These psychobiotics have the potential to be used as therapeutic adjuncts in the treatment of depression. Regarding future directions, and in an attempt to further understand the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression, more studies such as those involving fecal microbiota transplantation will be required. In addition to recent findings, it is also suggested that more research will have to be undertaken to elicit whether specific strains of gut organisms are linked to depression. In terms of further investigation of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics as adjuncts to antidepressant treatment, we also expect there to be more research targeting specific microorganisms, as well as a strong focus on the effects of specific prebiotic fibers from an individualized (personalized) point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Antoine Lachmansingh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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24
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Scaldaferri F, D’Onofrio AM, Calia R, Di Vincenzo F, Ferrajoli GF, Petito V, Maggio E, Pafundi PC, Napolitano D, Masi L, Schiavoni E, Fanali C, Puca P, Turchini L, Lopetuso LR, Del Chierico F, Putignani L, Gasbarrini A, Camardese AG. Gut Microbiota Signatures Are Associated With Psychopathological Profiles in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: Results From an Italian Tertiary IBD Center. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1805-1818. [PMID: 37280117 PMCID: PMC10628916 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) suffer from psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety, or bipolar disorder, and show specific personality traits. Despite this, there are few data about personality profiles' characterization in UC patients and about correlation of their psychopathological profile with their intestinal microbiota.The aim of our study is to analyze the psychopathological and personality profile of UC patients and correlate it with specific signatures of their gut microbiota. METHODS This is a prospective interventional longitudinal cohort study. We enrolled consecutive patients affected by UC attending to the IBD Unit of Center for Digestive Disease of "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Hospital in Rome and a group of healthy subjects, matched for specific characteristics. Each patient was evaluated by a gastroenterologist and a psychiatrist. Moreover, all participants underwent psychological tests and a collection of stool samples. RESULTS We recruited 39 UC patients and 37 healthy subjects. Most patients showed high level of alexithymia, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, as well as neuroticism and hypochondria, with obsessive-compulsive features at the behavioral level, which significantly impaired their quality of life and abilities at work. Gut microbiota analysis in UC patients demonstrated an increase in actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Saccharibacteria (TM7), with a reduction in verrucomicrobia, euryarchaeota and tenericutes. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the presence of high levels of psycho-emotional distress in UC patients, alongside alterations of the intestinal microbiota, and highlighted some families and genera of bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Klebsiella, and Clostridiaceae) as potential markers of an altered gut-brain axis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Scaldaferri
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria D’Onofrio
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Psichiatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Rosaria Calia
- Servizio di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Divisione di Chirurgia Generale e del Trapianto di Fegato, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Federica Di Vincenzo
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Gaspare Filippo Ferrajoli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Psichiatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggio
- Servizio di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Divisione di Chirurgia Generale e del Trapianto di Fegato, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Research Core Facility di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Gemelli Generator, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Napolitano
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Letizia Masi
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavoni
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Caterina Fanali
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Puca
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Laura Turchini
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - and Giovanni Camardese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Psichiatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
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Song WJ, Huang JW, Liu Y, Ding W, Long Z, He LY. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on erectile function in Chinese CP/CPPS patients. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:680-686. [PMID: 37695217 DOI: 10.4103/aja202338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on erectile function in Chinese patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). A retrospective study was conducted on 657 CP/CPPS patients who visited The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China) from November 2018 to November 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the timeline before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The severity of CP/CPPS, penile erection status, anxiety, and depression was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales, respectively. Compared with patients before the COVID-19 outbreak, more CP/CPPS patients developed severe erectile dysfunction (ED) due to depression and anxiety caused by the pandemic. After developing moderate-to-severe ED, mild and moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS patients exhibited more apparent symptoms of anxiety and depression ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), forming a vicious cycle. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the psychological status of CP/CPPS patients, exacerbating their clinical symptoms and complicating ED. The exacerbation of clinical symptoms further worsens the anxiety and depression status of patients, forming a vicious cycle. During the COVID-19 pandemic, paying more attention to the mental health of CP/CPPS patients, strengthening psychological interventions, and achieving better treatment outcomes are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Song
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Sexual Health Research Center, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ji-Wei Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Sexual Health Research Center, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Sexual Health Research Center, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Sexual Health Research Center, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Sexual Health Research Center, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Le-Ye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Sexual Health Research Center, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410013, China
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Lin J, Zhang Y, Wang K, Wang J, Kou S, Chen K, Zheng W, Chen R. The effect and safety of probiotics on depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2709-2721. [PMID: 37247076 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the escalating social pressures, there has been a continuous rise in the prevalence of depression among the population, leading to substantial healthcare burdens. Moreover, conventional pharmacological interventions still exhibit certain limitations. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of depression. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of probiotics in treating depressive symptoms were retrieved from Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wan Fang database, and CNKI between the establishment of the database and March 2022. The primary outcome was Beck's depression rating scale (BDI) scores, while the secondary outcomes were depression scores on the DASS-21 scale, biochemical indicators (IL-6, NO, and TNF-α levels), and adverse events. In addition, Revman 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis and quality evaluation, and Stata 17 was used for the Egger test and Begg's test. A total of 776 patients, including 397 and 379 patients in the experimental and control groups, respectively, were included. RESULTS The total BDI score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (MD = - 1.98, 95%CI - 3.14 to - 0.82), and the score of DASS (MD = 0.90, 95%CI - 1.17 to 2.98), the IL-6 level (SMD = - 0.55, 95%CI - 0.88 to - 0.23), the NO level (MD = 5.27, 95% CI 2.51 to 8.03), and the TNF-α level (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI - 0.25 to 0.63). CONCLUSION The findings substantiate the therapeutic potential of probiotics in mitigating depressive symptoms by significantly reducing Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and alleviating the overall manifestation of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kunyi Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junping Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuo Kou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kan Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Dehghani F, Abdollahi S, Shidfar F, Clark CCT, Soltani S. Probiotics supplementation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:942-952. [PMID: 35996352 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An emerging body of evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics on various mental health conditions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to examine the effects of probiotics supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adults. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched, from database inception to April 2021, for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We pooled mean differences and standard deviations from RCTs using random-effect models. RESULTS Overall, meta-analysis of 11 trials (n = 648 participants) showed no significant changes in serum level of BDNF following probiotics. However, subgroup analysis revealed that probiotics increased BDNF levels in individuals suffering from neurological disorders (n = 214 participants; WMD = 3.08 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.83, 4.34; P = 0.001; I2 = 7.5%; P-heterogeneity 0.34), or depression (n = 268 participants; WMD = 0.77 ng/mL, 95% CI: 0.07, 1.47; P = 0.032; I2 = 88.4%; P-heterogeneity < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant increase in BDNF levels was found in studies that administered the mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, and were conducted in Asia . CONCLUSION Our main findings suggest that probiotics may be effective in elevating BDNF levels in patients with depression and neurological disorders, and a mixed of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium appear to show greater efficacy than the single genus supplement. The low quality of evidence reduces clinical advocacy, and indicates that more large-scale, high-quality, RCTs are needed to facilitate reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Dehghani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of nutrition, School of public health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Teharn, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Batista P, Rodrigues Penas M, Vila-Real C, Pintado M, Oliveira-Silva P. Kombucha: Challenges for Health and Mental Health. Foods 2023; 12:3378. [PMID: 37761087 PMCID: PMC10530084 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing research into probiotics is showing potential benefits for health in general and mental health in particular. Kombucha is a recent beverage and can be considered a probiotic drink, but little is known about its effects on physical and mental health. This product is experiencing growth in the market; however, there are no scientific results to support its potential for physical and mental health. AIM This review article aims to draw attention to this issue and to highlight the lack of studies in this area. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The lack of legislation for the correct marketing of this product may also constrain clinical studies. However, clinical studies are of utmost importance for an in-depth understanding of the effects of this product on the human body. More research is needed, not only to better understand the impact of Kombucha on the human body, but also to ensure the application of regulatory guidelines for its production and marketing and enable its safe and effective consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Batista
- Research Centre for Human Development, Human Neurobehavioural Laboratory, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.P.); (P.O.-S.)
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Rodrigues Penas
- Research Centre for Human Development, Human Neurobehavioural Laboratory, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.P.); (P.O.-S.)
| | - Catarina Vila-Real
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrícia Oliveira-Silva
- Research Centre for Human Development, Human Neurobehavioural Laboratory, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.P.); (P.O.-S.)
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Lee M, Bradbury J, Yoxall J, Sargeant S. A longitudinal analysis of Australian women's fruit and vegetable consumption and depressive symptoms. Br J Health Psychol 2023; 28:829-843. [PMID: 36907659 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, women report higher rates of depressive symptoms than men. Research suggests that dietary patterns rich in fresh fruit and vegetables could protect against depressive symptoms. The Australian Dietary Guidelines suggest that consuming two servings of fruit and five serves of vegetables per day is optimal for overall health. However, this consumption level is often difficult for those experiencing depressive symptoms to achieve. AIMS This study aims to compare diet quality and depressive symptoms in Australian women over time using (I) two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables per day (FV7), and (ii) two serves of fruit and three serves of vegetables per day (FV5). MATERIALS AND METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health over 12 years at three time points 2006 (n = 9145, Mean age = 30.6, SD = 1.5), 2015 (n = 7186, Mean age = 39.7, SD = 1.5), and 2018 (n = 7121, Mean age = 42.4, SD = 1.5). RESULTS A linear mixed effects model found, after adjusting for covarying factors, a small significant inverse association between both FV7 (b = -.54, 95% CI = -.78, -.29) and FV5 (b = -.38, 95% CI = -.50, -.26) in depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION These findings suggest an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and decreased depressive symptoms. The small effect sizes indicate caution should be taken in interpreting these results. The findings also suggest that current Australian Dietary Guideline recommendations need not be prescriptive to two fruit and five vegetables for impact on depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Future research could evaluate reduced vegetable consumption (three serves per day) in identifying the protective threshold for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lee
- Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne Bradbury
- Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui Yoxall
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally Sargeant
- Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Evans L, Price T, Hubert N, Moore J, Shen Y, Athukorala M, Frese S, Martinez-Guryn K, Ferguson BS. Emodin Inhibited Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy in Response to Angiotensin-Induced Hypertension and Altered the Gut Microbiome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1274. [PMID: 37759673 PMCID: PMC10526847 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that food bioactives affect the epigenome to prevent pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Recently, we showed that emodin, an anthraquinone, attenuated pathological cardiac hypertrophy and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. However, we only examined the cardioprotective effects of emodin's parent compound and not those of emodin metabolites or of emodin-gut microbiome interactions. The microbiome has emerged as a key player in chronic diseases such as metabolic and cardiac disease. Thus, we hypothesized that emodin could reverse hypertension-induced changes in microbial communities. METHODS Normo- and hypertensive (angiotensin II) C57/BL6 female mice were randomly assigned to receive a vehicle (Veh; DMSO:PEG 1:1) or emodin (Emod; 30 mg/kg) for 14 days. Body weights were collected pre- and post-treatment, and blood pressure was assessed via tail cuff. At the study's end, the mice were euthanized and assessed for their heart weights. In addition, stool samples and cecal contents were collected to elucidate changes in the microbial populations using 16S rRNA sequencing. Lastly, the tissue was lysed, and RNA was isolated for qPCR. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was performed unless otherwise specified, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Emodin significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in the female mice. No significant changes were observed in body weight or systolic blood pressure in response to hypertension or emodin. Lastly, analysis suggests that hypertension altered the microbiome in the cecum and cecal content, with additional evidence to support that emodin affects gut microbiota in the feces and colon. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that emodin attenuates pathological hypertrophy in female mice. Future research is needed to dissect if changes in the microbiome contributes to emodin-mediated attenuation in cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA (S.F.)
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Tori Price
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hubert
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Julia Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Yiqui Shen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA (S.F.)
| | - Maheshi Athukorala
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA (S.F.)
| | - Steven Frese
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA (S.F.)
| | | | - Bradley S. Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA (S.F.)
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Picó-Monllor JA, Sala-Segura E, Tobares RA, Moreno-Ochando A, Hernández-Teruel A, Navarro-Lopez V. Influence and Selection of Probiotics on Depressive Disorders in Occupational Health: Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3551. [PMID: 37630741 PMCID: PMC10459799 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders have a major impact on occupational health and are costly to the economy and the healthcare system. Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic micro-organisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, can colonize the intestinal tract and confer health benefits on the patient. In recent years, numerous studies have described the potential usefulness of certain probiotic strains in the treatment and prevention of depressive disorders, with differing results. In order to evaluate the possible efficacy and safety of these microorganisms in preventing or ameliorating these disorders, we systematically searched the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, the Cochrane library, Scopus and Web of science, using the descriptors "Occupational health", "Probiotics", "Depressive Disorder" and "Depression" and filters "Humans" and "Clinical Trials". After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were accepted for review and critical analysis. Our analysis suggests that a combination of different probiotic strains, most of them from the genus Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp., could be a good mixture as an adjuvant in the treatment of depressive disorders for the working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Picó-Monllor
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Elena Sala-Segura
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Romina Alin Tobares
- Department R&D MATCH Biosystems, S.L. Edificio Quórum IV, Miguel Hernandez University Science Park, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.T.); (A.M.-O.); (A.H.-T.)
| | - Avelina Moreno-Ochando
- Department R&D MATCH Biosystems, S.L. Edificio Quórum IV, Miguel Hernandez University Science Park, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.T.); (A.M.-O.); (A.H.-T.)
| | - Adrián Hernández-Teruel
- Department R&D MATCH Biosystems, S.L. Edificio Quórum IV, Miguel Hernandez University Science Park, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.T.); (A.M.-O.); (A.H.-T.)
| | - Vicente Navarro-Lopez
- MiBioPath Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Vinalopó, Carrer Tonico Sansano Mora 14, 03293 Elche, Spain
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Dong H, Tang X, Ye J, Xiao W. 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals the effect of fluoxetine on gut microbiota in chronic unpredictable stress-induced depressive-like rats. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:27. [PMID: 37537583 PMCID: PMC10398965 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gut microbiota is relevant to the pathogenesis of mental disorders including depression. This study aimed to investigate the influence of fluoxetine (FLX) on the gut microbiota in rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stresses (CUMS)-induced depression. RESULTS We confirmed that the 28-day CUMS-induced depression rat model. Chronic FLX administration weakly improved depressive-like behaviors in rats. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing on rat feces showed CUMS increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes (60.31% vs. 48.09% in Control, p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus genus (21.06% vs. 6.82% in control, p < 0.05); FLX and CUMS increased Bacilli class (20.00% ~ 24.08% vs. 10.31% in control, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Collectively, our study showed that both CUMS and FLX changed the compositions of gut microbiota in rats. FLX and CUMS distinctly regulated the gut microbiota in depressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Teaching hospital of Yangzhou University, Wutaishan Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Teaching hospital of Yangzhou University, Wutaishan Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Teaching hospital of Yangzhou University, Wutaishan Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenhuan Xiao
- Teaching hospital of Yangzhou University, Wutaishan Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ortega MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez Ó, Monserrat J, Martinez-Rozas L, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Álvarez-Mon M, Lahera G. Microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2645-2673. [PMID: 36707651 PMCID: PMC10615769 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is a complex picture of genetic and environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota is in the spotlight of new research related to this kind of psychiatric disorder, as it can be consistently related to several pathophysiological events observed in BD. In the context of the so-called microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, it is shown to have a strong influence on host neuromodulation and endocrine functions (i.e., controlling the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as in modulation of host immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic and brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). The present review aims to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms derived from the MGB axis disruption and possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing on gut microbiota in the complex network of BD. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its bidirectional communication with the immune and other systems can shed light on the discovery of new therapies for improving the clinical management of these patients. Besides, the effect of psychiatric drugs on gut microbiota currently used in BD patients, together with new therapeutical approaches targeting this ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and other novelties) will also be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Rozas
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Jawhara S. Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Improve the Gut Microbiota and Help Combat Fungal Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1556. [PMID: 37375058 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diets are rapidly spreading due to globalization, causing an increase in obesity and diseases of civilization. These Western diets are associated with changes in the gut microbiota related to intestinal inflammation. This review discusses the adverse effects of Western diets, which are high in fat and sugar and low in vegetable fiber, on the gut microbiota. This leads to gut dysbiosis and overgrowth of Candida albicans, which is a major cause of fungal infection worldwide. In addition to an unhealthy Western diet, other factors related to disease development and gut dysbiosis include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, prolonged use of antibiotics, and chronic psychological stress. This review suggests that a diversified diet containing vegetable fiber, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins D and E, as well as micronutrients associated with probiotic or prebiotic supplements can improve the biodiversity of the microbiota, lead to short-chain fatty acid production, and reduce the abundance of fungal species in the gut. The review also discusses a variety of foods and plants that are effective against fungal overgrowth and gut dysbiosis in traditional medicine. Overall, healthy diets and lifestyle factors contribute to human well-being and increase the biodiversity of the gut microbiota, which positively modulates the brain and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Jawhara
- UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Scriven M, McSweeney A, O'Carroll T, Morkl S, Butler MI. The Muscle-Gut-Brain Axis and Psychiatric Illness. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200214. [PMID: 37080945 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has been the subject of much research over the past decade, offering an exciting new paradigm for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this review, the MGBA is extended to include skeletal muscle and the potential role of an expanded "muscle-gut-brain axis" (MuGBA) in conditions such as anxiety and depression is discussed. There is evidence, from both preclinical and human studies, of bidirectional links between the gut microbiome and skeletal muscle function and structure. The therapeutic role of exercise in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms is widely recognised, and the potential role of the gut microbiota-skeletal muscle link is discussed within this context. Potential pathways of communication involved in the MuGBA including the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, intestinal permeability, immune modulation, and bacterial metabolites such as short-chain-fatty-acids are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Scriven
- St Loman's Psychiatric Hospital, Delvin Road, Mullingar, County Westmeath, N91T3PR, Ireland
| | - Angela McSweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, T12DC4A, Ireland
| | | | - Sabrina Morkl
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Mary I Butler
- Department of Psychiatry, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, T12DC4A, Ireland
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Obermoser K, Brigo N, Schroll A, Monfort-Lanzas P, Gostner JM, Engl S, Geisler S, Knoll M, Schennach H, Weiss G, Fuchs D, Bellmann-Weiler R, Kurz K. Positive Effects of Probiotic Therapy in Patients with Post-Infectious Fatigue. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050639. [PMID: 37233680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-infectious fatigue is a common complication that can lead to decreased physical efficiency, depression, and impaired quality of life. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a contributing factor, as the gut-brain axis plays an important role in regulating physical and mental health. This pilot study aimed to investigate the severity of fatigue and depression, as well as the quality of life of 70 patients with post-infectious fatigue who received a multi-strain probiotic preparation or placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients completed questionnaires to assess their fatigue (fatigue severity scale (FSS)), mood (Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II)), and quality of life (short form-36 (SF-36)) at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Routine laboratory parameters were also assessed, including immune-mediated changes in tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism. The intervention was effective in improving fatigue, mood, and quality of life in both the probiotic and placebo groups, with greater improvements seen in the probiotic group. FSS and BDI-II scores declined significantly under treatment with both probiotics and placebo, but patients who received probiotics had significantly lower FSS (p < 0.001) and BDI-II (p < 0.001) scores after 6 months. Quality of life scores improved significantly in patients who received probiotics (p < 0.001), while patients taking a placebo only saw improvements in the "Physical limitation" and "Energy/Fatigue" subcategories. After 6 months neopterin was higher in patients receiving placebo, while no longitudinal changes in interferon-gamma mediated biochemical pathways were observed. These findings suggest that probiotics may be a promising intervention for improving the health of patients with post-infectious fatigue, potentially through modulating the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Obermoser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pablo Monfort-Lanzas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna M Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Engl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Geisler
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Knoll
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute of Blood Transfusion and Immunology, University Hospital, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Medina-Rodriguez EM, Cruz AA, De Abreu JC, Beurel E. Stress, inflammation, microbiome and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173561. [PMID: 37148918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are mental illnesses involving changes in mood, cognition and behavior. Their prevalence has rapidly increased in the last decades. One of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders is major depressive disorder (MDD), a debilitating disease lacking efficient treatments. Increasing evidence shows that microbial and immunological changes contribute to the pathophysiology of depression and both are modulated by stress. This bidirectional relationship constitutes the brain-gut axis involving various neuroendocrine, immunological, neuroenterocrine and autonomic pathways. The present review covers the most recent findings on the relationships between stress, the gut microbiome and the inflammatory response and their contribution to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, United States of America.
| | - Alyssa A Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | | | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
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Gokulakrishnan K, Nikhil J, Viswanath B, Thirumoorthy C, Narasimhan S, Devarajan B, Joseph E, David AKD, Sharma S, Vasudevan K, Sreeraj VS, Holla B, Shivakumar V, Debnath M, Venkatasubramanian G, Varambally S. Comparison of gut microbiome profile in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls - A plausible non-invasive biomarker? J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:140-149. [PMID: 37156128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome regulates brain function through the microbiome-gut-brain axis and is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) is poorly defined, and very few studies have examined the effect of antipsychotic treatment response. We aim to study the differences in the gut microbiota among drug-naïve (DN SCZ) and risperidone-treated SCZ patients (RISP SCZ), compared to healthy controls (HCs). We recruited a total of 60 participants, from the clinical services of a large neuropsychiatric hospital, which included DN SCZ, RISP SCZ and HCs (n = 20 each). Fecal samples were analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing in this cross-sectional study. No significant differences were found in taxa richness (alpha diversity) but microbial composition differed between SCZ patients (both DN and RISP) and HCs (PERMANOVA, p = 0.02). Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) and Random Forest model identified the top six genera, which significantly differed in abundance between the study groups. A specific genus-level microbial panel of Ruminococcus, UCG005, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Bifidobacterium could discriminate SCZ patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79, HCs vs DN SCZ (AUC: 0.68), HCs vs RISP SCZ (AUC: 0.93) and DN SCZ vs RISP SCZ (AUC: 0.87). Our study identified distinct microbial signatures that could aid in the differentiation of DN SCZ, RISP SCZ, and HCs. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in SCZ pathophysiology and suggest potential targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India.
| | - Joyappa Nikhil
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Chinnasamy Thirumoorthy
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Sandhya Narasimhan
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Bharanidharan Devarajan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ebin Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Arul Kevin Daniel David
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kavitha Vasudevan
- Department of Foods, Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India; Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
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Jach ME, Serefko A, Szopa A, Sajnaga E, Golczyk H, Santos LS, Borowicz-Reutt K, Sieniawska E. The Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in the Treatment of Depression. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073213. [PMID: 37049975 PMCID: PMC10096791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and complex mental and emotional disorder that causes disability, morbidity, and quite often mortality around the world. Depression is closely related to several physical and metabolic conditions causing metabolic depression. Studies have indicated that there is a relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, known as the gut–brain axis. While this microbiota–gut–brain connection is disturbed, dysfunctions of the brain, immune system, endocrine system, and gastrointestinal tract occur. Numerous studies show that intestinal dysbiosis characterized by abnormal microbiota and dysfunction of the microbiota–gut–brain axis could be a direct cause of mental and emotional disorders. Traditional treatment of depression includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, and it mainly targets the brain. However, restoration of the intestinal microbiota and functions of the gut–brain axis via using probiotics, their metabolites, prebiotics, and healthy diet may alleviate depressive symptoms. Administration of probiotics labeled as psychobiotics and their metabolites as metabiotics, especially as an adjuvant to antidepressants, improves mental disorders. It is a new approach to the prevention, management, and treatment of mental and emotional illnesses, particularly major depressive disorder and metabolic depression. For the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy, psychobiotics should be administered at a dose higher than 1 billion CFU/day for at least 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Elżbieta Jach
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Sajnaga
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hieronim Golczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga 45700-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Saxena K, Kurian S, Kumar R, Arnold LE, Simkin DR. Mood Disorders in Youth: Complementary and Integrative Medicine. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:367-394. [PMID: 37147043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and L-methyl folate, broad-spectrum micronutrients, N-acetylcysteine, physical activity, herbs, bright light therapy, melatonin, saffron, meditation, school-based interventions, and transcranial photobiomodulation are reviewed, with a focus on their use for treating mood disorders in children and adolescents. For each treatment, all published randomized controlled trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Saxena
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, 8080 North Stadium Drive, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sherin Kurian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, 8080 North Stadium Drive, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reena Kumar
- Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, 655 N Alvernon Way, Suite 120, Tuscon, AZ 85711, USA
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 395E McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deborah R Simkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA
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Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Margulska A, Skowrońska A, Strzelecki D. PRO-DEMET Randomized Controlled Trial on Probiotics in Depression—Pilot Study Results. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061400. [PMID: 36986132 PMCID: PMC10058314 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need to identify new treatment options for depression and its comorbidities. Depression often coexists with metabolic complications, and the two may share a pathophysiological overlap, including inflammation and microbiota changes. Microbiota interventions (e.g., probiotics) may represent a safe and easy-to-use treatment option as an adjunctive therapy in patients only partially responsive to pharmacologic treatment. (1) Objective: The paper presents the results of a feasibility and pilot study. The study is an internal part of a randomized controlled trail (RCT) of the effect of probiotic supplementation on psychometric, anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters in adult patients with depressive disorders depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome. (2) Methods: The trial has a four-arm, parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design. Sixty participants received a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 over 60 days. The feasibility of the study design was assessed, as well as the rates of recruitment, eligibility, consent, and study completion. The following were assessed: depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, quality of life, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference, complete blood count with differential, serum levels of C-reactive protein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, some secondary markers of inflammation and metabolic health, as well as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis (APRI and FIB-4). (3) Results: The study was found to be generally feasible. The eligibility rate was 52% of recruited participants with 80% completing the study protocol. No differences in sociodemographic or anthropometric factors or basic laboratory findings were found between the placebo and probiotic group at the start of the intervention period. Importantly, the proportion of recruited participants fulfilling the criteria of metabolic syndrome was too low. (4) Conclusions: Whilst the whole study protocol was feasible, some different timepoint procedures require modification. The major weakness of the recruitment methods was that the percentage of metabolic arms participants was insufficient. Overall, the full RCT design on probiotics in depression with vs. without metabolic syndrome was shown to be feasible with little modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Margulska
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Skowrońska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
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Tian P, Zou R, Wang L, Chen Y, Qian X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Qian L, Wang Q, Wang G, Chen W. Multi-Probiotics ameliorate Major depressive disorder and accompanying gastrointestinal syndromes via serotonergic system regulation. J Adv Res 2023; 45:117-125. [PMID: 35618633 PMCID: PMC10006521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading global psychiatric disease. MDD is highly comorbid with gastrointestinal abnormalities, such as gut motility dysfunction. An effective strategy to manage depression and its accompanying gastrointestinal symptoms is warranted. OBJECTIVES Three probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025, Bifidobacterium longum CCFM687, and Pediococcus acidilactici CCFM6432) had previously been validated in mice to possess antidepressant-like potential. This study investigated the potential psychotropic effects of a combined three-strain probiotic intervention for human MDD patients. The mechanism of action was further investigated in the stress-induced depression mice model. METHODS MDD patients were given a freeze-dried, mixed probiotic formula for four weeks. The patients' psychometric and gastrointestinal conditions were evaluated using clinical rating scales before and after treatment. Their gut microbiome was also analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial probiotic effects were determined using a chronic stress-induced depressive mouse model. RESULTS Multi-probiotics significantly reduced depression scores, and to a greater extent than the placebo (based on the Hamilton Depression Rating, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales). Multi-probiotics also significantly improved the patients' gastrointestinal functions (based on self-evaluation using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale). Serotonergic system modification was demonstrated as the key mechanism behind the probiotics' benefits for the brain and the gut. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a novel and promising treatment to manage MDD and accompanying gut motility problems, and provide options for treating other gut-brain axis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Renying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
| | - Long Qian
- The Tinghu People's Hospital, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Qun Wang
- The Tinghu People's Hospital, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Yamanbaeva G, Schaub AC, Schneider E, Schweinfurth N, Kettelhack C, Doll JPK, Mählmann L, Brand S, Beglinger C, Borgwardt S, Lang UE, Schmidt A. Effects of a probiotic add-on treatment on fronto-limbic brain structure, function, and perfusion in depression: Secondary neuroimaging findings of a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:529-538. [PMID: 36610592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are suggested to improve depressive symptoms via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. We have recently shown a beneficial clinical effect of probiotic supplementation in patients with depression. Their underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS A multimodal neuroimaging approach including diffusion tensor imaging, resting-state functional MRI, and arterial spin labeling was used to investigate the effects of a four-weeks probiotic supplementation on fronto-limbic brain structure, function, and perfusion and whether these effects were related to symptom changes. RESULTS Thirty-two patients completed both imaging assessments (18 placebo and 14 probiotics group). Probiotics maintained mean diffusivity in the left uncinate fasciculus, stabilized it in the right uncinate fasciculus, and altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between limbic structures and the temporal pole to a cluster in the precuneus. Moreover, a cluster in the left superior parietal lobule showed altered rsFC to the subcallosal cortex, the left orbitofrontal cortex, and limbic structures after probiotics. In the probiotics group, structural and functional changes were partly related to decreases in depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS This study has a rather small sample size. An additional follow-up MRI session would be interesting for seeing clearer changes in the relevant brain regions as clinical effects were strongest in the follow-up. CONCLUSION Probiotic supplementation is suggested to prevent neuronal degeneration along the uncinate fasciculus and alter fronto-limbic rsFC, effects that are partly related to the improvement of depressive symptoms. Elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying probiotics' clinical effects on depression provide potential targets for the development of more precise probiotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Else Schneider
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Schweinfurth
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Kettelhack
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica P K Doll
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mählmann
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.
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Cannavale CN, Mysonhimer AR, Bailey MA, Cohen NJ, Holscher HD, Khan NA. Consumption of a fermented dairy beverage improves hippocampal-dependent relational memory in a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:265-274. [PMID: 35282787 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2046963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to determine whether consumption of a fermented dairy beverage containing probiotic microorganisms influences negative mood states, stress, and hippocampal memory performance in healthy adults. Methods: Adults (25-45 yrs, N = 26) free of gastrointestinal and mental illness were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Participants completed testing prior to and after 4-week consumption, with a 2-4 week washout between treatments of: (1) 8 oz of a dairy-based fermented beverage containing 25-30 billion colony forming units of live and active kefir cultures or (2) 8 oz isocaloric, non-fermented, 1% low-fat lactose-free dairy-based control beverage. Hippocampal-dependent relational memory was assessed using a spatial reconstruction task. Negative mood states of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-42 (DASS-42). Pooled 24-hour urine samples were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine urinary free-cortisol (UFC) concentrations. Fecal microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Lactobacillus was increased by 235% following fermented dairy consumption compared to the control (p < .01). Furthermore, the fermented dairy beverage improved performance on two metrics of relational memory, misplacement (p = .04) and object-location binding (p = .03). UFC and DASS-42 scores (all p's > .08) were not significantly changed by either arm of the intervention. No correlations were observed between the change in Lactobacillus and memory performance. Conclusions: Fermented dairy consumption increased the presence of certain microorganisms in the gut and improved relational memory in healthy adults. However, the benefits observed for relational memory were not related to changes in Lactobacillus.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02849275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Annemarie R Mysonhimer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Melisa A Bailey
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Health Science Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Genesis of Major Depression and the Response to Antidepressant Drug Therapy: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020550. [PMID: 36831086 PMCID: PMC9953611 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major depressive disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by a pervasive low mood that negatively concerns personal life, work life, or education, affecting millions of people worldwide. To date, due to the complexity of the disease, the most common and effective treatments consist of a multi-therapy approach, including psychological, social, and pharmacological support with antidepressant drugs. In general, antidepressants are effective in correcting chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain, but recent evidence has underlined the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) also in the regulation of their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, through indirect or direct mechanisms. The study of these complex interactions between GM and drugs is currently under the spotlight, and it has been recently named "pharmacomicrobiomics". Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of GM and its metabolites in depression, as well as their role in the metabolism and activity of antidepressant drugs, in order to pave the way for the personalized administration of antidepressant therapies.
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Sugita S, Tahir P, Kinjo S. The effects of microbiome-targeted therapy on cognitive impairment and postoperative cognitive dysfunction-A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281049. [PMID: 36749772 PMCID: PMC9904456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis involves bidirectional communication between the gut-microbiota and central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate whether probiotics and/or prebiotics, known as Microbiome-targeted Therapies (MTTs), improve cognition and prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). METHODS Relevant animal and human studies were identified using a systematic database search (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science), focusing on the effects of MTTs on inflammation, perioperative and non-perioperative cognitive impairment. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. The Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) was used for human studies. RESULTS A total of 24 articles were selected; 16 of these involved animal studies, and 8 described studies in humans. In these papers, the use of MTTs consistently resulted in decreased inflammation in perioperative and non-perioperative settings. Out of 16 animal studies, 5 studies (2 associated with delirium and 3 studies related to POCD) were conducted in a perioperative setting. MTTs improved perioperative cognitive behavior and reduced inflammation in all 5 animal studies. Eleven animal studies were conducted in a non-perioperative setting. In all of these studies, MTTs showed improvement in learning and memory function. MTTs showed a positive effect on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers related to cognitive function. Among the 8 human studies, only one study examined the effects of perioperative MTTs on cognitive function. This study showed a reduced incidence of POCD along with improved cognitive function. Of the remaining 7 studies, 6 suggested that MTTs improved behavioral test results and cognition in non-perioperative environments. One study failed to show any significant differences in memory, biomarkers of inflammation, or oxidative factors. CONCLUSION In the studies we examined, most showed that MTTs decrease inflammation by down-regulating inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in both perioperative and non-perioperative settings. In general, MTTs also seem to have a positive effect on cognition through neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. However, these effects have not yet resulted in a consensus regarding preventative strategies or treatments. Based on these current research results, MTTs could be a potential new preventative strategy for cognitive impairment after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peggy Tahir
- University of California San Francisco Library, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sakura Kinjo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sikorska M, Antosik-Wójcińska AZ, Dominiak M. Probiotics as a Tool for Regulating Molecular Mechanisms in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043081. [PMID: 36834489 PMCID: PMC9963932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the main mental disorders. Pharmacological treatment of depression is often associated with delayed effects or insufficient efficacy. Consequently, there is a need to discover new therapeutic methods to cope with depression faster and more effectively. Several lines of evidence indicate that the use of probiotic therapy reduces depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms linking the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, as well as the potential mechanisms of action for probiotics, are still not entirely clarified. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize the available knowledge according to PRISMA guidelines on the molecular mechanisms linking probiotics and healthy populations with subclinical depression or anxiety symptoms, as well as depressed patients with or without comorbid somatic illnesses. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. Twenty records were included. It has been found that probiotic administration is linked to a significant increase in BDNF levels during probiotic treatment compared to the placebo (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.07, 0.68], p = 0.02) when considering the resolution of depressive symptoms in depressed patients with or without comorbid somatic illnesses. CRP levels were significantly lower (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI [0.75, -0.19], p = 0.001), and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI [0.58, 1.36], p < 0.0001) in probiotic-treated patients compared to the placebo, however, only among depressed patients with somatic co-morbidities. There were no significant differences in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and cortisol levels after probiotic administration between the intervention and control groups (all p > 0.05). Firm conclusions on the effectiveness of probiotics and their possible association with inflammatory markers in the healthy population (only with subclinical depressive or anxiety symptoms) cannot be drawn. The advent of clinical trials examining the long-term administration of probiotics could evaluate the long-term effectiveness of probiotics in treating depression and preventing its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Sikorska
- Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Z. Antosik-Wójcińska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dominiak
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Ntona S, Papaefthymiou A, Kountouras J, Gialamprinou D, Kotronis G, Boziki M, Polyzos SA, Tzitiridou M, Chatzopoulos D, Thavayogarajah T, Gkolia I, Ntonas G, Vardaka E, Doulberis M. Impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related metabolic state on depression. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105484. [PMID: 36634820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also recently referred as metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is characterized by hepatocyte steatosis in the setting of metabolic risk conditions and in the absence of an underlying precursor, for instance alcohol consumption, hepatotropic viruses and hepatotoxic drugs. A possible association between NAFLD and depression has been proposed, owing to intersecting pathophysiological pathways. This narrative review aimed to summarize the current evidence that illustrate the potential pathophysiological and clinical linkage between NAFLD-related metabolic state and depression. Prefrontal cortex lesions are suggested to be a consequence of liver steatosis-associated systematic hyperinflammatory state, a phenomenon also occurring in depression. In addition, depressive symptoms are present in neurotransmitter imbalances. These abnormalities seem to be correlated with NAFLD/MAFLD, in terms of insulin resistance (IR), ammonia and gut dysbiosis' impact on serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline levels and gamma aminobutyric acid receptors. Furthermore, reduced levels of nesfatin-1 and copine-6-associated BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels have been considered as a probable link between NAFLD and depression. Regarding NAFLD-related gut dysbiosis, it stimulates mediators including lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, which play significant role in depression. Finally, western diet and IR, which are mainstay components of NAFLD/MAFLD, are, also, substantiated to affect neurotransmitters in hippocampus and produce neurotoxic lipids that contribute to neurologic dysfunction, and thus trigger emotional disturbances, mainly depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragda Ntona
- Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, 41110, Mezourlo, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Second Neonatal Department and NICU, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Aghios Pavlos of Thessaloniki, 55134, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Chatzopoulos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Tharshika Thavayogarajah
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioanna Gkolia
- Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54634, Stavroupoli, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgios Ntonas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Agios Dimitrios General Hospital, 54635, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
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The Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on the Severity of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms; Function and Composition of Gut Microbiota; and Metabolic, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Depression-A Study Protocol. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020182. [PMID: 36837799 PMCID: PMC9966580 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to present the theoretical basis, methodology, and design of a clinical trial we will conduct. The study will be prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind. Each intervention period will last 8 weeks and the trial will be conducted on 100 patients in total, who will be randomly divided into two groups consisting of 50 patients each. We plan to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell on the depressive, anxiety, and stress levels in patients with depressive disorders with possible comorbid anxiety. In addition to assessing the influence of probiotics on the clinical condition, we also plan to study the clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome, which often coexists with depression. Both depressive and metabolic issues may have part of their etiopathology in common, e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis. This is why we will additionally investigate the parameters related to gut microbiota, inflammatory, and oxidative statuses. Thus, the primary endpoint of the study will be the change in depression score measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. The secondary endpoints will include changes in anxiety and stress levels, as well as metabolic, inflammation, and oxidative stress parameters.
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Shin C, Kim YK. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Pathophysiological Mechanism in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:17-37. [PMID: 36949304 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota influence human behavior. The immunological, metabolic, and endocrine systems are involved in bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, which is regulated by microbes through the microbiota-derived neurochemicals and metabolites. Gut microbiota have certain effects on neurodevelopment and maturation of immunity. However, gut dysbiosis can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders. Animal research and clinical case-control studies have demonstrated that gut dysbiosis has an adverse effect on human behavior through a variety of mechanisms. Recent meta-analysis on clinical studies confirmed gut dysbiosis in several major neuropsychiatric disorders. Microbiota-targeted intervention has recently been in the spotlight and meta-analyses have confirmed its effectiveness. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence for the interactions between microbiota and brain-gut network, as well as the potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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