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Ireland J, Segura J, Shi G, Buchwald J, Roth G, Shen TJ, Wang R, Ji X, Fischer ER, Moir S, Chun TW, Sun PD. Inhibition of HIV-1 release by ADAM metalloproteinase inhibitors. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1385775. [PMID: 38572241 PMCID: PMC10987949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 gp120 glycan binding to C-type lectin adhesion receptor L-selectin/CD62L on CD4 T cells facilitates viral attachment and entry. Paradoxically, the adhesion receptor impedes HIV-1 budding from infected T cells and the viral release requires the shedding of CD62L. To systematically investigate CD62L-shedding mediated viral release and its potential inhibition, we screened compounds specific for serine-, cysteine-, aspartyl-, and Zn-dependent proteases for CD62L shedding inhibition and found that a subclass of Zn-metalloproteinase inhibitors, including BB-94, TAPI, prinomastat, GM6001, and GI25423X, suppressed CD62L shedding. Their inhibition of HIV-1 infections correlated with enzymatic suppression of both ADAM10 and 17 activities and expressions of these ADAMs were transiently induced during the viral infection. These metalloproteinase inhibitors are distinct from the current antiretroviral drug compounds. Using immunogold labeling of CD62L, we observed association between budding HIV-1 virions and CD62L by transmission electron microscope, and the extent of CD62L-tethering of budding virions increased when the receptor shedding is inhibited. Finally, these CD62L shedding inhibitors suppressed the release of HIV-1 virions by CD4 T cells of infected individuals and their virion release inhibitions correlated with their CD62L shedding inhibitions. Our finding reveals a new therapeutic approach targeted at HIV-1 viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ireland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jason Segura
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Genbin Shi
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Julianna Buchwald
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gwynne Roth
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Juncheng Shen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xinhua Ji
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Fischer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter D. Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Williams A, Menon S, Crowe M, Agarwal N, Biccler J, Bbosa N, Ssemwanga D, Adungo F, Moecklinghoff C, Macartney M, Oriol-Mathieu V. Geographic and Population Distributions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 Circulating Subtypes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis (2010-2021). J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1583-1591. [PMID: 37592824 PMCID: PMC10681860 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV poses significant challenges for vaccine development due to its high genetic mutation and recombination rates. Understanding the distribution of HIV subtypes (clades) across regions and populations is crucial. In this study, a systematic review of the past decade was conducted to characterize HIV-1/HIV-2 subtypes. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and CABI Global Health, yielding 454 studies from 91 countries. RESULTS Globally, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs)/unique recombinant forms (URFs) accounted for 29% of HIV-1 strains, followed by subtype C (23%) and subtype A (17%). Among studies reporting subtype breakdowns in key populations, 62% of HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and 38% among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) were CRF/URFs. Latin America and the Caribbean exhibited a 25% increase in other CRFs (excluding CRF01_AE or CRF02_AG) prevalence between 2010-2015 and 2016-2021. CONCLUSIONS This review underscores the global distribution of HIV subtypes, with an increasing prevalence of CRFs and a lower prevalence of subtype C. Data on HIV-2 were limited. Understanding subtype diversity is crucial for vaccine development, which need to elicit immune responses capable of targeting various subtypes. Further research is needed to enhance our knowledge and address the challenges posed by HIV subtype diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Menon
- P95 Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiological Services, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madeleine Crowe
- P95 Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiological Services, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neha Agarwal
- P95 Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiological Services, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorne Biccler
- P95 Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiological Services, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Bbosa
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe
| | - Deogratius Ssemwanga
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe
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Perdiguero B, Hauser A, Gómez CE, Peterhoff D, Sideris E, Sorzano CÓS, Wilmschen S, Schaber M, Stengel L, Asbach B, Ding S, Von Laer D, Levy Y, Pantaleo G, Kimpel J, Esteban M, Wagner R. Potency and durability of T and B cell immune responses after homologous and heterologous vector delivery of a trimer-stabilized, membrane-displayed HIV-1 clade ConC Env protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270908. [PMID: 38045703 PMCID: PMC10690772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of an HIV-1 vaccine able to induce long-lasting protective immunity remains a main challenge. Here, we aimed to modify next-generation soluble, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native, glycan-engineered clade C gp140 envelope (Env) trimers (sC23v4 KIKO and ConCv5 KIKO) for optimal display on the cell surface following homologous or heterologous vector delivery. Methods A combination of the following modifications scored best regarding the preservation of closed, native-like Env trimer conformation and antigenicity when using a panel of selected broadly neutralizing (bnAb) and non-neutralizing (nnAb) monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry: i) replacing the natural cleavage site with a native flexible linker and introducing a single amino acid substitution to prevent CD4 binding (*), ii) fusing a heterologous VSV-G-derived transmembrane moiety to the gp140 C-terminus, and iii) deleting six residues proximal to the membrane. Results When delivering membrane-tethered sC23v4 KIKO* and ConCv5 KIKO* via DNA, VSV-GP, and NYVAC vectors, the two native-like Env trimers provide differential antigenicity profiles. Whereas such patterns were largely consistent among the different vectors for either Env trimer, the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* trimer adopted a more closed and native-like structure than sC23v4 KIKO*. In immunized mice, VSV-GP and NYVAC vectors expressing the membrane-tethered ConCv5 KIKO* administered in prime/boost combination were the most effective regimens for the priming of Env-specific CD4 T cells among all tested combinations. The subsequent booster administration of trimeric ConCv5 KIKO* Env protein preserved the T cell activation levels between groups. The evaluation of the HIV-1-specific humoral responses induced in the different immunization groups after protein boosts showed that the various prime/boost protocols elicited broad and potent antibody responses, preferentially of a Th1-associated IgG2a subclass, and that the obtained antibody levels remained high at the memory phase. Discussion In summary, we provide a feasible strategy to display multiple copies of native-like Env trimers on the cell surface, which translates into efficient priming of sustained CD4+ T cell responses after vector delivery as well as broad, potent, and sustained antibody responses following booster immunizations with the homologous, prefusion-stabilized, close-to-native ConCv5 KIKO* gp140 Env trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elefthéria Sideris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit and Computational Genomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Wilmschen
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Schaber
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Stengel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médicine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Créteil, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Perdiguero B, Asbach B, Gómez CE, Köstler J, Barnett SW, Koutsoukos M, Weiss DE, Cristillo AD, Foulds KE, Roederer M, Montefiori DC, Yates NL, Ferrari G, Shen X, Sawant S, Tomaras GD, Sato A, Fulp WJ, Gottardo R, Ding S, Heeney JL, Pantaleo G, Esteban M, Wagner R. Early and Long-Term HIV-1 Immunogenicity Induced in Macaques by the Combined Administration of DNA, NYVAC and Env Protein-Based Vaccine Candidates: The AUP512 Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939627. [PMID: 35935978 PMCID: PMC9354927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To control HIV infection there is a need for vaccines to induce broad, potent and long-term B and T cell immune responses. With the objective to accelerate and maintain the induction of substantial levels of HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies and, at the same time, to enhance balanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, we evaluated the effect of concurrent administration of MF59-adjuvanted Env protein together with DNA or NYVAC vectors at priming to establish if early administration of Env leads to early induction of antibody responses. The primary goal was to assess the immunogenicity endpoint at week 26. Secondary endpoints were (i) to determine the quality of responses with regard to RV144 correlates of protection and (ii) to explore a potential impact of two late boosts. In this study, five different prime/boost vaccination regimens were tested in rhesus macaques. Animals received priming immunizations with either NYVAC or DNA alone or in combination with Env protein, followed by NYVAC + protein or DNA + protein boosts. All regimens induced broad, polyfunctional and well-balanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, with DNA-primed regimens eliciting higher response rates and magnitudes than NYVAC-primed regimens. Very high plasma binding IgG titers including V1/V2 specific antibodies, modest antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and moderate neutralization activity were observed. Of note, early administration of the MF59-adjuvanted Env protein in parallel with DNA priming leads to more rapid elicitation of humoral responses, without negatively affecting the cellular responses, while responses were rapidly boosted after repeated immunizations, indicating the induction of a robust memory response. In conclusion, our findings support the use of the Env protein component during priming in the context of an heterologous immunization regimen with a DNA and/or NYVAC vector as an optimized immunization protocol against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen E. Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Marguerite Koutsoukos
- Department of Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Deborah E. Weiss
- Department of Immunobiology, Advanced BioScience Laboratories (ABL) Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Anthony D. Cristillo
- Department of Immunobiology, Advanced BioScience Laboratories (ABL) Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nicole L. Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alicia Sato
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William J. Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Translational Data Science, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation EuroVacc Programme Coordinator, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L. Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mariano Esteban, ; Ralf Wagner,
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mariano Esteban, ; Ralf Wagner,
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Makuku R, Seyedmirzaei H, Tantuoyir MM, Rodríguez-Román E, Albahash A, Mohamed K, Moyo E, Ahmed AO, Razi S, Rezaei N. Exploring the application of immunotherapy against HIV infection in the setting of malignancy: A detailed review article. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108580. [PMID: 35121225 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as of 2019, approximately 42.2 million people have died from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced mortality, morbidity, and incidence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS-defining cancers, taming once-dreaded disease into a benign chronic infection. Although the treatment has prolonged the patients' survival, general HIV prevalence has increased and this increase has dovetailed with an increasing incidence of Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) among people living with HIV (PLWH). This is happening when new promising approaches in both oncology and HIV infection are being developed. This review focuses on recent progress witnessed in immunotherapy approaches against HIV-related, Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarirai Makuku
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcarious M Tantuoyir
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Accra, Ghana; Biomedical Engineering Unit, University of Ghana Medical Center (UGMC), Accra, Ghana
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Román
- Center for Microbiology and Cell Biology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Assil Albahash
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kawthar Mohamed
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ernest Moyo
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Berendam SJ, Morgan-Asiedu PK, Mangan RJ, Li SH, Heimsath H, Luo K, Curtis AD, Eudailey JA, Fox CB, Tomai MA, Phillips B, Itell HL, Kunz E, Hudgens M, Cronin K, Wiehe K, Alam SM, Van Rompay KKA, De Paris K, Permar SR, Moody MA, Fouda GG. Different adjuvanted pediatric HIV envelope vaccines induced distinct plasma antibody responses despite similar B cell receptor repertoires in infant rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0256885. [PMID: 34972105 PMCID: PMC8719683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Different HIV vaccine regimens elicit distinct plasma antibody responses in both human and nonhuman primate models. Previous studies in human and non-human primate infants showed that adjuvants influenced the quality of plasma antibody responses induced by pediatric HIV envelope vaccine regimens. We recently reported that use of the 3M052-SE adjuvant and longer intervals between vaccinations are associated with higher magnitude of antibody responses in infant rhesus macaques. However, the impact of different adjuvants in HIV vaccine regimens on the developing infant B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire has not been studied. This study evaluated whether pediatric HIV envelope vaccine regimens with different adjuvants induced distinct antigen-specific memory B cell repertoires and whether specific immunoglobulin (Ig) immunogenetic characteristics are associated with higher magnitude of plasma antibody responses in vaccinated infant rhesus macaques. We utilized archived preclinical pediatric HIV vaccine studies PBMCs and tissue samples from 19 infant rhesus macaques immunized either with (i) HIV Env protein with a squalene adjuvant, (ii) MVA-HIV and Env protein co-administered using a 3-week interval, (iii) MVA-HIV prime/ protein boost with an extended 6-week interval between immunizations, or (iv) with HIV Env administered with 3M-052-SE adjuvant. Frequencies of vaccine-elicited HIV Env-specific memory B cells from PBMCs and tissues were similar across vaccination groups (frequency range of 0.06–1.72%). There was no association between vaccine-elicited antigen-specific memory B cell frequencies and plasma antibody titer or avidity. Moreover, the epitope specificity and Ig immunogenetic features of vaccine-elicited monoclonal antibodies did not differ between the different vaccine regimens. These data suggest that pediatric HIV envelope vaccine candidates with different adjuvants that previously induced higher magnitude and quality of plasma antibody responses in infant rhesus macaques were not driven by distinct antigen-specific memory BCR repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella J. Berendam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Papa K. Morgan-Asiedu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Riley J. Mangan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shuk Hang Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Holly Heimsath
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kan Luo
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Curtis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Research Institute and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Eudailey
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Tomai
- 3M Center, 3 M Drug Delivery Systems, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Research Institute and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hannah L. Itell
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erika Kunz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Cronin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Koen K. A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Research Institute and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Genevieve G. Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sazonov I, Grebennikov D, Meyerhans A, Bocharov G. Markov Chain-Based Stochastic Modelling of HIV-1 Life Cycle in a CD4 T Cell. Mathematics 2021; 9:2025. [DOI: 10.3390/math9172025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV) in infected CD4+ T cells represents a key driver of HIV infection. The HIV life cycle is characterised by the heterogeneity of infected cells with respect to multiplicity of infection and the variability in viral progeny. This heterogeneity can result from the phenotypic diversity of infected cells as well as from random effects and fluctuations in the kinetics of biochemical reactions underlying the virus replication cycle. To quantify the contribution of stochastic effects to the variability of HIV life cycle kinetics, we propose a high-resolution mathematical model formulated as a Markov chain jump process. The model is applied to generate the statistical characteristics of the (i) cell infection multiplicity, (ii) cooperative nature of viral replication, and (iii) variability in virus secretion by phenotypically identical cells. We show that the infection with a fixed number of viruses per CD4+ T cell leads to some heterogeneity of infected cells with respect to the number of integrated proviral genomes. The bottleneck factors in the virus production are identified, including the Gag-Pol proteins. Sensitivity analysis enables ranking of the model parameters with respect to the strength of their impact on the size of viral progeny. The first three globally influential parameters are the transport of genomic mRNA to membrane, the tolerance of transcription activation to Tat-mediated regulation, and the degradation of free and mature virions. These can be considered as potential therapeutical targets.
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8
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Sonti S, Sharma AL, Tyagi M. HIV-1 persistence in the CNS: Mechanisms of latency, pathogenesis and an update on eradication strategies. Virus Res 2021; 303:198523. [PMID: 34314771 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite four decades of research into the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), a successful strategy to eradicate the virus post-infection is lacking. The major reason for this is the persistence of the virus in certain anatomical reservoirs where it can become latent and remain quiescent for as long as the cellular reservoir is alive. The Central Nervous System (CNS), in particular, is an intriguing anatomical compartment that is tightly regulated by the blood-brain barrier. Targeting the CNS viral reservoir is a major challenge owing to the decreased permeability of drugs into the CNS and the cellular microenvironment that facilitates the compartmentalization and evolution of the virus. Therefore, despite effective antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, virus persists in the CNS, and leads to neurological and neurocognitive deficits. To date, viral eradication strategies fail to eliminate the virus from the CNS. To facilitate the improvement of the existing elimination strategies, as well as the development of potential therapeutic targets, the aim of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of HIV latency in CNS and the onset of HIV-1 associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sonti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Mudit Tyagi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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9
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Ao Z, Wang L, Azizi H, Olukitibi TA, Kobinger G, Yao X. Development and Evaluation of an Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Mucin-Like Domain Replacement System as a New Dendritic Cell-Targeting Vaccine Approach against HIV-1. J Virol 2021; 95:e0236820. [PMID: 34011553 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02368-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient vaccine approaches against HIV infection remains challenging in the vaccine field. Here, we developed an Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein (EboGP)-based chimeric fusion protein system and demonstrated that replacement of the mucin-like domain (MLD) of EboGP with HIV C2-V3-C3 (134 amino acids [aa]) or C2-V3-C3-V4-C4-V5-C5 (243 aa) polypeptides (EbGPΔM-V3 and EbGPΔM-V3-V5, respectively) still maintained the efficiency of EboGP-mediated viral entry into human macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Animal studies using mice revealed that immunization with virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the above chimeric proteins, especially EbGPΔM-V3, induced significantly more potent anti-HIV antibodies than HIV gp120 alone in mouse serum and vaginal fluid. Moreover, the splenocytes isolated from mice immunized with VLPs containing EbGPΔM-V3 produced significantly higher levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α). Additionally, we demonstrated that coexpression of EbGPΔM-V3 and the HIV Env glycoprotein in a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vector elicited robust anti-HIV antibodies that may have specifically recognized epitopes outside or inside the C2-V3-C3 region of HIV-1 gp120 and cross-reacted with the gp120 from different HIV strains. Thus, this study has demonstrated the great potential of this DC-targeting vaccine platform as a new vaccine approach for improving immunogen delivery and increasing vaccine efficacy. IMPORTANCE Currently, there are more than 38.5 million reported cases of HIV globally. To date, there is no approved vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Thus, the development of an effective vaccine against HIV infection remains a global priority. This study revealed the efficacy of a novel dendritic cell (DC)-targeting vaccination approach against HIV-1. The results clearly show that the immunization of mice with virus-like particles (VLPs) and VSVs containing HIV Env and a fusion protein composed of a DC-targeting domain of Ebola virus GP with HIV C2-V3-C3 polypeptides (EbGPΔM-V3) could induce robust immune responses against HIV-1 Env and/or Gag in serum and vaginal mucosa. These findings provide a proof of concept of this novel and efficient DC-targeting vaccine approach in delivering various antigenic polypeptides of HIV-1 and/or other emergent infections to the host antigen-presenting cells to prevent HIV and other viral infections.
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10
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Obisesan O, Katata-Seru L, Mufamadi S, Mufhandu H. Applications of Nanoparticles for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:793-808. [PMID: 34082867 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the growing studies focused on the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and proved the preclinical and clinical promises of host antitumor immune response. However, there were still various obstacles in meeting satisfactory clinic need, such as low response rate, primary resistance and secondary resistance to immunotherapy. Tackling these barriers required a deeper understanding of immune underpinnings and a broader understanding of advanced technology. This review described immune microenvironment of liver and HCC which naturally decided the complexity of immunotherapy, and summarized recent immunotherapy focusing on different points. The ever-growing clues indicated that the instant killing of tumor cell and the subsequent relive of immunosuppressive microenvironment were both indis- pensables. The nanotechnology applied in immunotherapy and the combination with intervention technology was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Obisesan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Lebogang Katata-Seru
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Steven Mufamadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Hazel Mufhandu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
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11
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Wolfe LS, Smedley JG, Bubna N, Hussain A, Harper R, Mostafa S. Development of a platform-based approach for the clinical production of HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidates. Vaccine 2021; 39:3852-3861. [PMID: 34099325 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical development of vaccine candidates is an important link between the discovery and manufacture of vaccines for use in human clinical trials. Here, an exploratory clinical study utilizing multiple gp120 envelope proteins as vaccine antigens was pursued, which required a harmonized platform development approach for timely and efficient manufacture of the combined HIV vaccine product. Development of cell lines, processes, and analytical methods was initiated with a transmitted founder envelope protein (CH505TF), then applied to produce three subsequent gp120 Env (envelope) variants. Cell lines were developed using the commercially available Freedom CHO DG44 kit (Life Technologies). The fed-batch cell culture production process was based on a commercially-available medium with harmonized process parameters across the variants. A platform purification process was developed utilizing a mixed mode chromatography capture step, with ceramic hydroxyapatite and ion exchange polishing steps. A suite of analytical methods was developed to establish and monitor the Quality Target Profile (QTP), release and long-term stability testing of the vaccine products. The platform development strategy was successfully implemented to produce four gp120 envelope protein variants. In some cases, minor changes to the platform were required to optimize for a particular variant; however, baseline conditions for the processes (cell line type, media & feed system, chromatography resins, and analytical approaches) remained constant, leading to successful transfer and manufacture of all four proteins in a cGMP facility. This body of work demonstrates successful pursuit of a platform development approach to manufacture important vaccine candidates and can be used as a model for other vaccine glycoproteins, such as HIV gp140 trimers or other viral glycoproteins with global health implications. Clinical trial identifier. NCT03220724, NCT03856996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Wolfe
- KBI Biopharma, 4117 Emperor Blvd, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - James G Smedley
- KBI Biopharma, 4117 Emperor Blvd, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - Niket Bubna
- KBI Biopharma, 4117 Emperor Blvd, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - Althaf Hussain
- KBI Biopharma, 4117 Emperor Blvd, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - Richard Harper
- KBI Biopharma, 4117 Emperor Blvd, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - Sigma Mostafa
- KBI Biopharma, 4117 Emperor Blvd, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
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12
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Lu P, Guerin DJ, Lin S, Chaudhury S, Ackerman ME, Bolton DL, Wallqvist A. Immunoprofiling Correlates of Protection Against SHIV Infection in Adjuvanted HIV-1 Pox-Protein Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625030. [PMID: 34046030 PMCID: PMC8144500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains a major public health threat due to its incurable nature and the lack of a highly efficacious vaccine. The RV144 vaccine trial is the only clinical study to date that demonstrated significant but modest decrease in HIV infection risk. To improve HIV-1 vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy, we recently evaluated pox-protein vaccination using a next generation liposome-based adjuvant, Army Liposomal Formulation adsorbed to aluminum (ALFA), in rhesus monkeys and observed 90% efficacy against limiting dose mucosal SHIV challenge in male animals. Here, we analyzed binding antibody responses, as assessed by Fc array profiling using a broad range of HIV-1 envelope antigens and Fc features, to explore the mechanisms of ALFA-mediated protection by employing machine learning and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. We found that Fcγ receptor 2a-related binding antibody responses were augmented by ALFA relative to aluminium hydroxide, and these responses were associated with reduced risk of infection in male animals. Our results highlight the application of systems serology to provide mechanistic insights to vaccine-elicited protection and support evidence that antibody effector responses protect against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Lu
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Dylan J Guerin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Shu Lin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Diane L Bolton
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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13
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Sealy RE, Dayton B, Finkelstein D, Hurwitz JL. Harnessing Natural Mosaics: Antibody-Instructed, Multi-Envelope HIV-1 Vaccine Design. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050884. [PMID: 34064894 PMCID: PMC8151930 DOI: 10.3390/v13050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the 40th anniversary since physicians recognized symptoms of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease that has since caused more than 30 million deaths worldwide. Despite the passing of four decades, there remains no licensed vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiologic agent of AIDS. Despite the development of outstanding anti-retroviral drugs, there are currently more than one-half million deaths each year due to AIDS. Here, we revisit a conventional vaccine strategy used for protection against variable pathogens like HIV-1, which combines an array of diverse surface antigens. The strategy uses antibody recognition patterns to categorize viruses and their surface antigens into groups. Then a leader is assigned for each group and group leaders are formulated into vaccine cocktails. The group leaders are ‘natural mosaics’, because they share one or more epitope(s) with each of the other group members. We encourage the application of this conventional approach to HIV-1 vaccine design. We suggest that the partnering of an antibody-instructed envelope cocktail with new vaccine vectors will yield a successful vaccine in the HIV-1 field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Sealy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Barry Dayton
- Department of Mathematics, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. St Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, USA;
| | - David Finkelstein
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Julia L. Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-901-595-2464
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14
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Frenkel LM, Kuller L, Beck IA, Tsai CC, Joy JP, Mulvania TM, Hu SL, Montefiori DC, Anderson DM. Immunization by exposure to live virus (SIVmne/HIV-2287) during antiretroviral drug prophylaxis may reduce risk of subsequent viral challenge. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240495. [PMID: 33914754 PMCID: PMC8084236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale/Study design A major challenge in the development of HIV vaccines is finding immunogens that elicit protection against a broad range of viral strains. Immunity to a narrow range of viral strains may protect infants of HIV-infected women or partners discordant for HIV. We hypothesized that immunization to the relevant viral variants could be achieved by exposure to infectious virus during prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs. To explore this approach in an animal model, macaques were exposed to live virus (SIVmne or HIV-2287) during prophylaxis with parenteral tenofovir and humoral and cellular immune responses were quantified. Subsequently, experimental animals were challenged with homologous virus to evaluate protection from infection, and if infection occurred, the course of disease was compared to control animals. Experimental animals uninfected with SIVmne were challenged with heterologous HIV-2287 to assess resistance to retroviral infection. Methodology/Principal findings Juvenile female Macaca nemestrina (N = 8) were given ten weekly intravaginal exposures with either moderately (SIVmne) or highly (HIV-2287) pathogenic virus during tenofovir prophylaxis. Tenofovir protected all 8 experimental animals from infection, while all untreated control animals became infected. Specific non-neutralizing antibodies were elicited in blood and vaginal secretions of experimental animals, but no ELISPOT responses were detected. Six weeks following the cessation of tenofovir, intravaginal challenge with homologous virus infected 2/4 (50%) of the SIVmne-immunized animals and 4/4 (100%) of the HIV-2287-immunized animals. The two SIVmne-infected and 3 (75%) HIV-2287-infected had attenuated disease, suggesting partial protection. Conclusions/Significance Repeated exposure to SIVmne or HIV-2287, during antiretroviral prophylaxis that blocked infection, induced binding antibodies in the blood and mucosa, but not neutralizing antibodies or specific cellular immune responses. Studies to determine whether antibodies are similarly induced in breastfeeding infants and sexual partners discordant for HIV infection and receiving pre-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis are warranted, including whether these antibodies appear to confer partial or complete protection from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Frenkel
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ingrid A. Beck
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Che-Chung Tsai
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jaimy P. Joy
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thera M. Mulvania
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Anderson
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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15
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Asadi K, Gholami A. Virosome-based nanovaccines; a promising bioinspiration and biomimetic approach for preventing viral diseases: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:648-58. [PMID: 33862071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective means of controlling infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality. However, due to low immunogenicity of viral antigens, nanomedicine as a new opportunity in new generation of vaccine advancement attracted researcher encouragement. Virosome is a lipidic nanomaterial emerging as FDA approved nanocarriers with promising bioinspiration and biomimetic potency against viral infections. Virosome surface modification with critical viral fusion proteins is the cornerstone of vaccine development. Surface antigens at virosomes innovatively interact with targeted receptors on host cells that evoke humoral or cellular immune responses through antibody-producing B cell and internalization by endocytosis-mediated pathways. To date, several nanovaccine based on virosome formulations have been commercialized against widespread and life-threatening infections. Recently, Great efforts were made to fabricate a virosome-based vaccine platform against a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Thus, this review provides a novel overview of the virosome based nanovaccine production, properties, and application on the viral disease, especially its importance in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine discovery.
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16
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Wang Q, Ma B, Liang Q, Zhu A, Wang H, Fu L, Han X, Shi X, Xiang Y, Shang H, Zhang L. Stabilized diverse HIV-1 envelope trimers for vaccine design. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:775-786. [PMID: 32241249 PMCID: PMC7178897 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1745093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major goals in HIV-1 vaccine development is to achieve properly folded and stabilized envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers that mimic the native Env on the mature virion. Here, we design and characterize uncleaved prefusion-optimized (UFO) trimers for 12 Envs currently circulating in China. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of these UFO trimers identified two subtype B/B' Envs, CNE6 and MG13, which exhibited the highest trimer content and stability at a level comparable to the subtype A reference, BG505. Replacing the gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) of CRF01_AE trimers with that of CNE6, MG13, and BG505 resulted in chimeric constructs with significantly improved trimer content and stability. Negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) confirmed the structural integrity of these chimeric UFO trimers with CNE6 gp41ECTO. Antibody binding assays showed that the chimeric trimers shared similar antigenic profiles to those with their original gp41ECTO domains. Our results thus revealed the intrinsic differences among HIV-1 Envs of diverse origins and the critical role of gp41ECTO in stabilizing the trimeric spike. By taking advantage of naturally stable Envs, gp41ECTO swapping may represent a universal approach for the generation of stable trimers with the desired structural and antigenic properties for downstream in vivo evaluation and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bingting Ma
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingtai Liang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Angqi Zhu
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Fu
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanling Shi
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Xiang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Shang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Heiss K, Heidepriem J, Fischer N, Weber LK, Dahlke C, Jaenisch T, Loeffler FF. Rapid Response to Pandemic Threats: Immunogenic Epitope Detection of Pandemic Pathogens for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development Using Peptide Microarrays. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4339-4354. [PMID: 32892628 PMCID: PMC7640972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emergence and re-emergence of pathogens bearing the risk of becoming a pandemic threat are on the rise. Increased travel and trade, growing population density, changes in urbanization, and climate have a critical impact on infectious disease spread. Currently, the world is confronted with the emergence of a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for yet more than 800 000 deaths globally. Outbreaks caused by viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, Ebola, influenza, and Zika, have increased over the past decade, underlining the need for a rapid development of diagnostics and vaccines. Hence, the rational identification of biomarkers for diagnostic measures on the one hand, and antigenic targets for vaccine development on the other, are of utmost importance. Peptide microarrays can display large numbers of putative target proteins translated into overlapping linear (and cyclic) peptides for a multiplexed, high-throughput antibody analysis. This enabled for example the identification of discriminant/diagnostic epitopes in Zika or influenza and mapping epitope evolution in natural infections versus vaccinations. In this review, we highlight synthesis platforms that facilitate fast and flexible generation of high-density peptide microarrays. We further outline the multifaceted applications of these peptide array platforms for the development of serological tests and vaccines to quickly encounter pandemic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Heiss
- PEPperPRINT
GmbH, Rischerstrasse
12, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Heidepriem
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nico Fischer
- Section
Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura K. Weber
- PEPperPRINT
GmbH, Rischerstrasse
12, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German
Center for Infection Research, Partner Site
Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Heidelberg
Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg
University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center
for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department
of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Felix F. Loeffler
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Chung YH, Beiss V, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 Vaccine Frontrunners and Their Nanotechnology Design. ACS Nano 2020; 14:12522-12537. [PMID: 33034449 PMCID: PMC7553041 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Humanity is experiencing a catastrophic pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally to cause significant morbidity and mortality, and there still remain unknowns about the biology and pathology of the virus. Even with testing, tracing, and social distancing, many countries are struggling to contain SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 will only be suppressible when herd immunity develops, either because of an effective vaccine or if the population has been infected and is resistant to reinfection. There is virtually no chance of a return to pre-COVID-19 societal behavior until there is an effective vaccine. Concerted efforts by physicians, academic laboratories, and companies around the world have improved detection and treatment and made promising early steps, developing many vaccine candidates at a pace that has been unmatched for prior diseases. As of August 11, 2020, 28 of these companies have advanced into clinical trials with Moderna, CanSino, the University of Oxford, BioNTech, Sinovac, Sinopharm, Anhui Zhifei Longcom, Inovio, Novavax, Vaxine, Zydus Cadila, Institute of Medical Biology, and the Gamaleya Research Institute having moved beyond their initial safety and immunogenicity studies. This review analyzes these frontrunners in the vaccine development space and delves into their posted results while highlighting the role of the nanotechnologies applied by all the vaccine developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
| | - Steven N. Fiering
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth
College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United
States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center,
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766,
United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Department of Radiology, University of
California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
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19
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Klessing S, Temchura V, Tannig P, Peter AS, Christensen D, Lang R, Überla K. CD4 + T Cells Induced by Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine H1 Can Improve the HIV-1 Env Humoral Response by Intrastructural Help. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E604. [PMID: 33066267 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of a potent and long-lasting, broadly neutralizing antibody response is one of the most promising approaches in HIV-1 vaccination. Recently, we demonstrated that Gag-specific T helper cells induced by DNA priming can enhance and modulate the HIV Env-specific B cell response upon virus-like particle (VLP) boost by intrastructural help (ISH). In order to minimize the induction of potentially harmful HIV specific TH cells, we explored the possibility to harness the heterologous TH cells induced by a recombinant tuberculosis subunit vaccine H1, which contains a fusion protein of Ag85B and ESAT-6 antigens in combination with the liposomal adjuvant CAF01. To provide ISH, immunodominant MHC-II restricted peptides from the H1 vaccine were genetically incorporated into the HIV 1 Gag protein and used for HIV VLP production. ISH effects on Env-specific antibody levels and B cell differentiation were analyzed in mice primed against H1 and boosted with VLPs. In contrast to non-primed mice, a significant increase of Env-specific IgG levels for up to 26 weeks after the last immunization was observed. This increase was largely caused by elevated IgG2b and IgG2c levels in mice that received H1 priming. Additionally, ISH enhanced the frequency of Env-specific long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that a heterologous prime-boost regimen consisting of the H1 tuberculosis subunit vaccine and T helper epitope modified HIV-1 VLPs resulted in enhanced HIV Env antibody and B cell responses, mediated by intrastructural help.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The application of immunotherapies to HIV presents a new horizon of treatment options, but little is known about what impact they may have on the central nervous system (CNS). Here we review the most promising immunotherapeutic strategies that can be used to target HIV in the CNS and focus on identifying their potential benefits while exploring the challenges that remain in their application. RECENT FINDINGS We have identified five immunotherapeutic strategies that hold potential in managing CNS disease among HIV-infected patients. These include broadly neutralizing antibodies, multi-affinity antibodies, CAR-T cell therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, and therapeutic vaccines. Each class of immunotherapy presents unique mechanisms by which CNS viremia and latency may be addressed but are faced with several challenges. CAR-T cell therapy and multi-affinity antibodies seem to hold promise, but combination therapy is likely to be most effective. However, more human trials are needed before the clinical benefits of these therapies are realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kapoor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Sabrina Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue E/CLS 1011, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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21
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Chang WLW, Deere JD, Kieu HT, Castillo LD, Machmach K, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Shacklett BL, Barry PA, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Sparger EE. RhCMV serostatus and vaccine adjuvant impact immunogenicity of RhCMV/SIV vaccines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14056. [PMID: 32820216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) strain 68-1-vectored simian immunodeficiency virus (RhCMV/SIV) vaccines are associated with complete clearance of pathogenic SIV challenge virus, non-canonical major histocompatibility complex restriction, and absent antibody responses in recipients previously infected with wild-type RhCMV. This report presents the first investigation of RhCMV/SIV vaccines in RhCMV-seronegative macaques lacking anti-vector immunity. Fifty percent of rhesus macaques (RM) vaccinated with a combined RhCMV-Gag, -Env, and -Retanef (RTN) vaccine controlled pathogenic SIV challenge despite high peak viremia. However, kinetics of viral load control by vaccinated RM were considerably delayed compared to previous reports. Impact of a TLR5 agonist (flagellin; FliC) on vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity was also examined. An altered vaccine regimen containing an SIV Gag-FliC fusion antigen instead of Gag was significantly less immunogenic and resulted in reduced protection. Notably, RhCMV-Gag and RhCMV-Env vaccines elicited anti-Gag and anti-Env antibodies in RhCMV-seronegative RM, an unexpected contrast to vaccination of RhCMV-seropositive RM. These findings confirm that RhCMV-vectored SIV vaccines significantly protect against SIV pathogenesis. However, pre-existing vector immunity and a pro-inflammatory vaccine adjuvant may influence RhCMV/SIV vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Future investigation of the impact of pre-existing anti-vector immune responses on protective immunity conferred by this vaccine platform is warranted.
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22
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Ivanov S, Lagunin A, Filimonov D, Tarasova O. Network-Based Analysis of OMICs Data to Understand the HIV-Host Interaction. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1314. [PMID: 32625189 PMCID: PMC7311653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus with human cells is responsible for all stages of the viral life cycle, from the infection of CD4+ cells to reverse transcription, integration, and the assembly of new viral particles. To date, a large amount of OMICs data as well as information from functional genomics screenings regarding the HIV–host interaction has been accumulated in the literature and in public databases. We processed databases containing HIV–host interactions and found 2910 HIV-1-human protein-protein interactions, mostly related to viral group M subtype B, 137 interactions between human and HIV-1 coding and non-coding RNAs, essential for viral lifecycle and cell defense mechanisms, 232 transcriptomics, 27 proteomics, and 34 epigenomics HIV-related experiments. Numerous studies regarding network-based analysis of corresponding OMICs data have been published in recent years. We overview various types of molecular networks, which can be created using OMICs data, including HIV–human protein–protein interaction networks, co-expression networks, gene regulatory and signaling networks, and approaches for the analysis of their topology and dynamics. The network-based analysis can be used to determine the critical pathways and key proteins involved in the HIV life cycle, cellular and immune responses to infection, viral escape from host defense mechanisms, and mechanisms mediating different susceptibility of humans to infection. The proteins and pathways identified in these studies represent a basis for developing new anti-HIV therapeutic strategies such as new drugs preventing infection of CD4+ cells and viral replication, effective vaccines, “shock and kill” and “block and lock” approaches to cure latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ivanov
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Bioinformatics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lagunin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Bioinformatics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Filimonov
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Tarasova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Helbig KJ, Bull RA, Ambrose R, Beard MR, Blanchard H, Böcking T, Chua B, Colmant AMG, Crosse KM, Purcell DFJ, Fraser J, Hayward JA, Hamilton ST, Husain M, MacDiarmid R, Mackenzie JM, Moseley GW, Nguyen THO, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Robinson K, Rodrigo C, Rodriguez-Andres J, Rudd PA, Werno A, White P, Young P, Speck P, Hibma M, Drummer HE, Tachedjian G. Tenth Scientific Biennial Meeting of the Australasian Virology Society-AVS10 2019. Viruses 2020; 12:E621. [PMID: 32517260 DOI: 10.3390/v12060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Australasian Virology Society (AVS) aims to promote, support and advocate for the discipline of virology in the Australasian region. The society was incorporated in 2011 after 10 years operating as the Australian Virology Group (AVG) founded in 2001, coinciding with the inaugural biennial scientific meeting. AVS conferences aim to provide a forum for the dissemination of all aspects of virology, foster collaboration, and encourage participation by students and post-doctoral researchers. The tenth Australasian Virology Society (AVS10) scientific meeting was held on 2–5 December 2019 in Queenstown, New Zealand. This report highlights the latest research presented at the meeting, which included cutting-edge virology presented by our international plenary speakers Ana Fernandez-Sesma and Benjamin tenOever, and keynote Richard Kuhn. AVS10 honoured female pioneers in Australian virology, Lorena Brown and Barbara Coulson. We report outcomes from the AVS10 career development session on “Successfully transitioning from post-doc to lab head”, winners of best presentation awards, and the AVS gender equity policy, initiated in 2013. Plans for the 2021 meeting are underway which will celebrate the 20th anniversary of AVS where it all began, in Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia.
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Xu Z, Wise MC, Chokkalingam N, Walker S, Tello‐Ruiz E, Elliott STC, Perales‐Puchalt A, Xiao P, Zhu X, Pumroy RA, Fisher PD, Schultheis K, Schade E, Menis S, Guzman S, Andersen H, Broderick KE, Humeau LM, Muthumani K, Moiseenkova‐Bell V, Schief WR, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. In Vivo Assembly of Nanoparticles Achieved through Synergy of Structure-Based Protein Engineering and Synthetic DNA Generates Enhanced Adaptive Immunity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902802. [PMID: 32328416 PMCID: PMC7175333 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are considered to be of growing importance to the vaccine field. Through decoration of immunogens on multivalent nanoparticles, designed nanovaccines can elicit improved humoral immunity. However, significant practical and monetary challenges in large-scale production of nanovaccines have impeded their widespread clinical translation. Here, an alternative approach is illustrated integrating computational protein modeling and adaptive electroporation-mediated synthetic DNA delivery, thus enabling direct in vivo production of nanovaccines. DNA-launched nanoparticles are demonstrated displaying an HIV immunogen spontaneously self-assembled in vivo. DNA-launched nanovaccines induce stronger humoral responses than their monomeric counterparts in both mice and guinea pigs, and uniquely elicit CD8+ effector T-cell immunity as compared to recombinant protein nanovaccines. Improvements in vaccine responses recapitulate when DNA-launched nanovaccines with alternative scaffolds and decorated antigen are designed and evaluated. Finally, evaluation of functional immune responses induced by DLnanovaccines demonstrates that, in comparison to control mice or mice immunized with DNA-encoded hemagglutinin monomer, mice immunized with a DNA-launched hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccine fully survive a lethal influenza challenge, and have substantially lower viral load, weight loss, and influenza-induced lung pathology. Additional study of these next-generation in vivo-produced nanovaccines may offer advantages for immunization against multiple disease targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of PharmacologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Megan C. Wise
- Inovio PharmaceuticalsPlymouth MeetingPhiladelphiaPA19422USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Susanne Walker
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Edgar Tello‐Ruiz
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Sarah T. C. Elliott
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | | | - Peng Xiao
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Ruth A. Pumroy
- Department of PharmacologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Paul D. Fisher
- Inovio PharmaceuticalsPlymouth MeetingPhiladelphiaPA19422USA
| | | | - Eric Schade
- Inovio PharmaceuticalsPlymouth MeetingPhiladelphiaPA19422USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen DiscoveryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Stacy Guzman
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | | | | | | | - Kar Muthumani
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Vera Moiseenkova‐Bell
- Department of PharmacologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - William R. Schief
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen DiscoveryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and HarvardCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of MicrobiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
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25
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Saylor K, Gillam F, Lohneis T, Zhang C. Designs of Antigen Structure and Composition for Improved Protein-Based Vaccine Efficacy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32153587 PMCID: PMC7050619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, vaccinologists have come to understand that the hallmark of any protective immune response is the antigen. However, it is not the whole antigen that dictates the immune response, but rather the various parts comprising the whole that are capable of influencing immunogenicity. Protein-based antigens hold particular importance within this structural approach to understanding immunity because, though different molecules can serve as antigens, only proteins are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immunity. This fact, coupled with the versatility and customizability of proteins when considering vaccine design applications, makes protein-based vaccines (PBVs) one of today's most promising technologies for artificially inducing immunity. In this review, we follow the development of PBV technologies through time and discuss the antigen-specific receptors that are most critical to any immune response: pattern recognition receptors, B cell receptors, and T cell receptors. Knowledge of these receptors and their ligands has become exceptionally valuable in the field of vaccinology, where today it is possible to make drastic modifications to PBV structure, from primary to quaternary, in order to promote recognition of target epitopes, potentiate vaccine immunogenicity, and prevent antigen-associated complications. Additionally, these modifications have made it possible to control immune responses by modulating stability and targeting PBV to key immune cells. Consequently, careful consideration should be given to protein structure when designing PBVs in the future in order to potentiate PBV efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Saylor
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Frank Gillam
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Locus Biosciences, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Taylor Lohneis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- BioPharmaceutical Technology Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Larijani MS, Ramezani A, Sadat SM. Updated Studies on the Development of HIV Therapeutic Vaccine. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:75-84. [PMID: 31210114 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190618160608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the various types of pharmaceuticals, vaccines have a special place. However, in the case of HIV, nearly after 40 years of its discovery, an effective vaccine still is not available. The reason lies in several facts mainly the variability and smartness of HIV as well as the complexity of the interaction between HIV and immune responses. A robust, effective, and longterm immunity is undoubtedly what a successful preventive vaccine should induce in order to prevent the infection of HIV. Failure of human trials to this end has led to the idea of developing therapeutic vaccines with the purpose of curing already infected patients by boosting their immune responses against the virus. Nevertheless, the exceptional ability of the virus to escape the immune system based on the genetically diverse envelope and variable protein products have made it difficult to achieve an efficient therapeutic vaccine. OBJECTIVE We aimed at studying and comparing different approaches to HIV therapeutic vaccines. METHODS In this review, we summarized the human trials undergoing on HIV therapeutic vaccination which are registered in the U.S. clinical trial database (clinicaltrials.gov). These attempts are divided into different tables, according to the type of formulation and application in order to classify and compare their results. RESULT/CONCLUSION Among several methods applied in studied clinical trials which are mainly divided into DNA, Protein, Peptide, Viral vectors, and Dendritic cell-based vaccines, protein vaccine strategy is based on Tat protein-induced anti-Tat Abs in 79% HIV patients. However, the studies need to be continued to achieve a durable efficient immune response against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadat Larijani
- Hepatitis, AIDS, and Bloodborne Diseases Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amitis Ramezani
- Hepatitis, AIDS, and Bloodborne Diseases Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Hepatitis, AIDS, and Bloodborne Diseases Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Abstract
Despite the success of vaccines in preventing many infectious diseases, effective vaccines against pathogens with ongoing challenges - such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis - remain unavailable. The emergence of new pathogen variants, the continued prevalence of existing pathogens, and the resurgence of yet other infectious agents motivate the need for new, interdisciplinary approaches to direct immune responses. Many current and candidate vaccines, for example, are poorly immunogenic, provide only transient protection, or create risks of regaining pathogenicity in certain immune-compromised conditions. Recent advances in biomaterials research are creating new potential to overcome these challenges through improved formulation, delivery, and control of immune signaling. At the same time, many of these materials systems - such as polymers, lipids, and self-assembly technologies - may achieve this goal while maintaining favorable safety profiles. This review highlights ways in which biomaterials can advance existing vaccines to safer, more efficacious technologies, and support new vaccines for pathogens that do not yet have vaccines. Biomaterials that have not yet been applied to vaccines for infectious disease are also discussed, and their potential in this area is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampouguin Yenkoidiok-Douti
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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28
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Pérez P, Marín MQ, Lázaro-Frías A, Sorzano CÓS, Gómez CE, Esteban M, García-Arriaza J. Deletion of Vaccinia Virus A40R Gene Improves the Immunogenicity of the HIV-1 Vaccine Candidate MVA-B. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010070. [PMID: 32041218 PMCID: PMC7158668 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a safe and efficacious vaccine against the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a major scientific goal. We previously described an HIV/AIDS vaccine based on the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 gp120 and Gag-Pol-Nef (GPN) of clade B (termed MVA-B), which showed moderate immunogenicity in phase I prophylactic and therapeutic clinical trials. Here, to improve the immunogenicity of MVA-B, we generated a novel recombinant virus, MVA-B ΔA40R, by deleting in the MVA-B genome the vaccinia virus (VACV) A40R gene, which encodes a protein with unknown immune function. The innate immune responses triggered by MVA-B ΔA40R in infected human macrophages, in comparison to parental MVA-B, revealed an increase in the mRNA expression levels of interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-induced genes, and chemokines. Compared to priming with DNA-B (a mixture of DNA-gp120 plus DNA-GPN) and boosting with MVA-B, mice immunized with a DNA-B/MVA-B ΔA40R regimen induced higher magnitude of adaptive and memory HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses that were highly polyfunctional, mainly directed against Env. and of an effector memory phenotype, together with enhanced levels of antibodies against HIV-1 gp120. Reintroduction of the A40R gene into the MVA-B ΔA40R genome (virus termed MVA-B ΔA40R-rev) promoted in infected cells high mRNA and protein A40 levels, with A40 protein localized in the cell membrane. MVA-B ΔA40R-rev significantly reduced mRNA levels of IFN-β and of several other innate immune-related genes in infected human macrophages. In immunized mice, MVA-B ΔA40R-rev reduced the magnitude of the HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses compared to MVA-B ΔA40R. These results revealed an immunosuppressive role of the A40 protein, findings relevant for the optimization of poxvirus vectors as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
| | - María Q. Marín
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Adrián Lázaro-Frías
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen E. Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915-854-560
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29
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Aldon Y, Kratochvil S, Shattock RJ, McKay PF. Chemokine-Adjuvanted Plasmid DNA Induces Homing of Antigen-Specific and Non-Antigen-Specific B and T Cells to the Intestinal and Genital Mucosae. J Immunol 2020; 204:903-913. [PMID: 31915263 PMCID: PMC6994839 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA is a promising vaccine platform that together with electroporation can elicit significant systemic Ab responses; however, immunity at mucosal sites remains low. In this study, we sought to program T and B cells to home to the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosae using genetic chemokine adjuvants and assessed their impact on immune homeostasis in various distinct immune compartments. BALB/c mice were immunized i.m. with plasmid DNA encoding a model Ag HIV-1 Env gp140 and selected chemokines/cytokine and boosted intravaginally with gp140 recombinant protein. Isolated splenocytes, intestinal lymphocytes, and genital lymphocytes as well as serum and intestinal luminal contents were assessed for Ag-specific reactivity. In addition, flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the impact on immune homeostasis at these sites. Different molecular chemokine/cytokine adjuvants effected significant alterations to the recruitment of B and T cells to the spleen, vaginal and intestinal mucosae, for example CCL25 enhanced splenic and vaginal Ag-specific T cell responses whereas CCL28 increased the levels of specific T cells only in the vaginal mucosa. The levels of Ab could be modulated in the systemic circulation, as well as the vaginal vault and intestinal lumen, with CCL20 playing a central role. Our data demonstrate that the CCL20, CCL25, and CCL28 genetic chemokine adjuvants enhance the vaccine Ag-specific humoral and cellular responses and induce homing to the intestinal and female genital mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Aldon
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Marchese V, Dal Zoppo S, Quaresima V, Rossi B, Matteelli A. Vaccines for STIs: Present and Future Directions. Sex Transm Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02200-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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31
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Ko EJ, Robert-Guroff M. Dendritic Cells in HIV/SIV Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccination. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010024. [PMID: 31878130 PMCID: PMC7019216 DOI: 10.3390/v12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) pathogenesis but also play a critical role in orchestrating innate and adaptive vaccine-specific immune responses. Effective HIV/SIV vaccines require strong antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses, cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells, and neutralizing/non-neutralizing antibody production at mucosal and systemic sites. To develop a protective HIV/SIV vaccine, vaccine regimens including DCs themselves, protein, DNA, mRNA, virus vectors, and various combinations have been evaluated in different animal and human models. Recent studies have shown that DCs enhanced prophylactic HIV/SIV vaccine efficacy by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, improving T cell responses, and recruiting effector cells to target tissues. DCs are also targets for therapeutic HIV/SIV vaccines due to their ability to reverse latency, present antigen, and augment T and B cell immunity. Here, we review the complex interactions of DCs over the course of HIV/SIV prophylactic and therapeutic immunizations, providing new insights into development of advanced DC-targeted HIV/SIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (M.R.-G.)
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Abstract
Remarkable progress has been achieved for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) through antiretroviral therapy. However, vaccine development has remained challenging. Recent discoveries in broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) has led to the development of multiple novel vaccine approaches for inducing bNAbs-like antibody response. Structural and dynamic studies revealed several vulnerable sites and states of the HIV-1 envelop glycoprotein (Env) during infection. Our review aims to highlight these discoveries and rejuvenate our endeavor in HIV-1 vaccine design and development.
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33
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Perdiguero B, Gómez CE, García-Arriaza J, Sánchez-Corzo C, Sorzano CÓS, Wilmschen S, von Laer D, Asbach B, Schmalzl C, Peterhoff D, Ding S, Wagner R, Kimpel J, Levy Y, Pantaleo G, Esteban M. Heterologous Combination of VSV-GP and NYVAC Vectors Expressing HIV-1 Trimeric gp145 Env as Vaccination Strategy to Induce Balanced B and T Cell Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2941. [PMID: 31921191 PMCID: PMC6930178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of a vaccine against HIV-1 able to induce durable protective immunity continues a major challenge. The modest efficacy (31.2%) of the phase III RV144 clinical trial provided the first demonstration that a prophylactic HIV/AIDS vaccine is achievable but emphasized the need for further refinements of vaccine candidates, formulations, and immunization regimens. Here, we analyzed in mice the immunogenicity profile elicited by different homologous and heterologous prime/boost combinations using the modified rhabdovirus VSV-GP combined with DNA or poxviral NYVAC vectors, all expressing trimeric membrane-bound Env (gp145) of HIV-1 96ZM651 clade C, with or without purified gp140 protein component. In cultured cells infected with recombinant VSV-GP or NYVAC viruses, gp145 epitopes at the plasma membrane were recognized by human HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). In immunized mice, the heterologous combination of VSV-GP and NYVAC recombinant vectors improved the induction of HIV-1 Env-specific humoral and cellular immune responses compared to homologous prime/boost protocols. Specifically, the combination of VSV-GP in the prime and NYVAC in the boost induced higher HIV-1 Env-specific T cell (CD4/CD8 T cells and T follicular helper -Tfh- cells) immune responses compared to the use of DNA or NYVAC vectors in the prime and VSV-GP in the boost. Such enhanced T cell responses correlated with an enhancement of the Env-specific germinal center (GC) B cell population and with a heavily biased Env-specific response toward the Th1-associated IgG2a and IgG3 subclasses, while the other groups showed a Th2-associated IgG1 bias. In summary, our T and B cell population data demonstrated that VSV-GP-based vectors could be taken into consideration as an optimized immunogenic HIV-1 vaccine candidate component against HIV-1 when used for priming in heterologous combinations with the poxvirus vector NYVAC as a boost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Corzo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit and Computational Genomics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Wilmschen
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Schmalzl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Song Ding
- EuroVacc Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Pérez P, Marín MQ, Lázaro-Frías A, Sorzano CÓS, Di Pilato M, Gómez CE, Esteban M, García-Arriaza J. An MVA Vector Expressing HIV-1 Envelope under the Control of a Potent Vaccinia Virus Promoter as a Promising Strategy in HIV/AIDS Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040208. [PMID: 31817622 PMCID: PMC6963416 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly attenuated poxviral vectors, such as modified vaccinia virus ankara (MVA), are promising vaccine candidates against several infectious diseases. One of the approaches developed to enhance the immunogenicity of poxvirus vectors is increasing the promoter strength and accelerating during infection production levels of heterologous antigens. Here, we have generated and characterized the biology and immunogenicity of an optimized MVA-based vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS expressing HIV-1 clade B gp120 protein under the control of a novel synthetic late/early optimized (LEO) promoter (LEO160 promoter; with a spacer length of 160 nucleotides), termed MVA-LEO160-gp120. In infected cells, MVA-LEO160-gp120 significantly increased the expression levels of HIV-1 gp120 mRNA and protein, compared to the clinical vaccine MVA-B vector expressing HIV-1 gp120 under the control of the commonly used synthetic early/late promoter. When mice were immunized with a heterologous DNA-prime/MVA-boost protocol, the immunization group DNA-gp120/MVA-LEO160-gp120 induced an enhancement in the magnitude of gp120-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, compared to DNA-gp120/MVA-B; with most of the responses being mediated by the CD8+ T-cell compartment, with a T effector memory phenotype. DNA-gp120/MVA-LEO160-gp120 also elicited a trend to a higher magnitude of gp120-specific CD4+ T follicular helper cells, and modest enhanced levels of antibodies against HIV-1 gp120. These findings revealed that this new optimized vaccinia virus promoter could be considered a promising strategy in HIV/AIDS vaccine design, confirming the importance of early expression of heterologous antigen and its impact on the antigen-specific immunogenicity elicited by poxvirus-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.)
| | - María Q. Marín
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Adrián Lázaro-Frías
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mauro Di Pilato
- Infection and Immunity Group, Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Università Della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Carmen E. Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (J.G.-A.); Tel.: +34-915-854-553 (M.E.); +34-915-854-560 (J.G.-A.)
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.P.); (M.Q.M.); (A.L.-F.); (C.E.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (J.G.-A.); Tel.: +34-915-854-553 (M.E.); +34-915-854-560 (J.G.-A.)
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35
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Thalhauser S, Peterhoff D, Wagner R, Breunig M. Critical design criteria for engineering a nanoparticulate HIV-1 vaccine. J Control Release 2020; 317:322-35. [PMID: 31786187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inducing a long-lasting as well as broad and potent immune response by generating broadly neutralizing antibodies is a major goal and at the same time the main challenge of preventive HIV-1 vaccine design. Immunization with soluble, stabilized and native-like envelope (Env) glycoprotein so far only led to low neutralization breadth and displayed low immunogenicity. A promising approach to generate a potent immune response is the presentation of Env on the surface of nanoparticles. In this review, we will focus on two key processes essential for the induction of immune response that can be addressed by specific features of nanoparticulate carriers: first, the trafficking to and within distinct compartments of the lymph node, and second, the use of multivalent Env display allowing for high avidity interactions. To optimize these pivotal steps critical design criteria should be considered for the presentation of Env on nanoparticles. These include an optimal particle size below 100 nm, distances between two adjacent Env antigens of approximately 10-15 nm, an appropriate orientation of Env, and finally, the stability of both the Env attachment and the nanoparticle platform. Hence, an interdisciplinary approach that combines a suitable delivery system and a straightforward presentation of the Env antigen may have the potential to drive the immune response towards increased breadth and potency.
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36
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Charles TP, Derdeyn CA. Striking a balance in an antibody network: A roadmap for HIV-1 vaccines. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4580-4582. [PMID: 31589166 PMCID: PMC6819087 DOI: 10.1172/jci132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With almost 2 million new HIV-1 infections in 2018, a highly effective vaccine is imperative. Vaccine-elicited HIV-1 antibodies contribute to protection through multiple nonneutralizing activities, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this issue of the JCI, Neidich and associates sought to determine how antibodies contributed to reducing the risk of HIV-1 acquisition in a phase IIb preventative vaccine efficacy trial, HVTN 505. Their studies revealed that antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and FcγRIIa binding were strongly associated with reduced HIV-1 risk; however, HIV-1 envelope-specific IgG3, IgA; and host FcγRIIa genotype also influenced risk. This study highlights the intricate interactions between antibodies and innate immune functions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Emory Vaccine Center
- Yerkes National Primate Center, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Kardani K, Hashemi A, Bolhassani A. Comparison of HIV-1 Vif and Vpu accessory proteins for delivery of polyepitope constructs harboring Nef, Gp160 and P24 using various cell penetrating peptides. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223844. [PMID: 31671105 PMCID: PMC6822742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop an effective therapeutic vaccine against HIV-1, prediction of the most conserved epitopes derived from major proteins using bioinformatics tools is an alternative achievement. The epitope-driven vaccines against variable pathogens represented successful results. Hence, to overcome this hyper-variable virus, we designed the highly conserved and immunodominant peptide epitopes. Two servers were used to predict peptide-MHC-I binding affinity including NetMHCpan4.0 and Syfpeithi servers. The NetMHCIIpan3.2 server was utilized for MHC-II binding affinity. Then, we determined immunogenicity scores and allergenicity by the IEDB immunogenicity predictor and Algpred, respectively. Next, for estimation of toxicity and population coverage, ToxinPred server and IEDB population coverage tool were applied. After that, the MHC-peptide binding was investigated by GalexyPepDock peptide-protein flexible docking server. Finally, two different DNA and peptide constructs containing Nef-Vif-Gp160-P24 and Nef-Vpu-Gp160-P24 were prepared and complexed with four various cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for delivery into mammalian cells (MPG and HR9 CPPs for DNA delivery, and CyLoP-1 and LDP-NLS CPPs for protein delivery). Our results indicated that the designed DNA and peptide constructs could form non-covalent stable nanoparticles at certain ratios as observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Zetasizer. The flow cytometry results obtained from in vitro transfection of the nanoparticles into HEK-293T cell lines showed that the percentage of GFP expressing cells was about 38.38 ± 1.34%, 25.36% ± 0.30, 54.95% ± 0.84, and 25.11% ± 0.36 for MPG/pEGFP-nef-vif-gp160-p24, MPG/pEGFP-nef-vpu-gp160-p24, HR9/pEGFP-nef-vif-gp160-p24 and HR9/pEGFP-nef-vpu-gp160-p24, respectively. Thus, these data showed that the DNA construct harboring nef-vif-gp160-p24 multi-epitope gene had higher efficiency than the DNA construct harboring nef-vpu-gp160-p24 multi-epitope gene to penetrate into the cells. Moreover, delivery of the recombinant Nef-Vif-Gp160-P24 and Nef-Vpu-Gp160-P24 polyepitope peptides in HEK-293T cells was confirmed as a single band about 32 kDa using western blot analysis. Although, both DNA and peptide constructs could be successfully transported by a variety of CPPs into the cells, but the difference between them in transfection rate will influence the levels of immune responses for development of therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Zhu H, Mathew E, Connelly SM, Zuber J, Sullivan M, Piepenbrink MS, Kobie JJ, Dumont ME. Identification of variant HIV envelope proteins with enhanced affinities for precursors to anti-gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221550. [PMID: 31504041 PMCID: PMC6736307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV envelope protein (Env) is the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) that are capable of neutralizing diverse strains of HIV. While BNAbs develop spontaneously in a subset of HIV-infected patients, efforts to design an envelope protein-based immunogen to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses have so far been unsuccessful. It is hypothesized that a primary barrier to eliciting BNAbs is the fact that HIV envelope proteins bind poorly to the germline-encoded unmutated common ancestor (UCA) precursors to BNAbs. To identify variant forms of Env with increased affinities for the UCA forms of BNAbs 4E10 and 10E8, which target the Membrane Proximal External Region (MPER) of Env, libraries of randomly mutated Env variants were expressed in a yeast surface display system and screened using fluorescence activated cell sorting for cells displaying variants with enhanced abilities to bind the UCA antibodies. Based on analyses of individual clones obtained from the screen and on next-generation sequencing of sorted libraries, distinct but partially overlapping sets of amino acid substitutions conferring enhanced UCA antibody binding were identified. These were particularly enriched in substitutions of arginine for highly conserved tryptophan residues. The UCA-binding variants also generally exhibited enhanced binding to the mature forms of anti-MPER antibodies. Mapping of the identified substitutions into available structures of Env suggest that they may act by destabilizing both the initial pre-fusion conformation and the six-helix bundle involved in fusion of the viral and cell membranes, as well as providing new or expanded epitopes with increased accessibility for the UCA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Zuber
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Piepenbrink
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY United States of America
| | - James J. Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY United States of America
| | - Mark E. Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Mazarzaei A, Vafaei M, Ghasemian A, Mirforughi SA, Rajabi Vardanjani H, Alwan NAS. Memory and CAR-NK cell-based novel approaches for HIV vaccination and eradication. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14812-14817. [PMID: 30779120 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the critical infectious agents with thousands of newly infected people worldwide. High mutational capability and rapid diversification, inhibition of humoral and cellular immune responses, and thus inability for recognition of an immunogenic region in the viral envelope by the immune system are major challenges. Natural killer (NK) cells are multifunctional, playing a key role in the identification and elimination of HIV-infected cells. These cells identify and eliminate virus-infected cells in a multilateral manner, such as ligand stress, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), T follicular helper (Tfh), and the activation of most of the stimulatory receptors. Moreover, these cells release cytokines leading to the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) and dendritic cells (DCs), contributing to efficient viral elimination. Some subsets of NK cells exhibit putatively enhanced effector functions against viruses following vaccination easily expanded and identified by NK cell lines culture. Furthermore, NK cells promote the elimination of HIV-infected cells which reduce the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Memory NK cells have higher functionality and renewable potential. A pioneering strategy to establish an efficacious HIV vaccine would include stimulation of the accumulation and long-term maintenance of these HIV-reactive NK cells. CAR-NK (chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer) cells-based antiviral therapies have emerged as novel approaches with the ability of antigen recognition and more advantages than CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor-T) cells. Recent development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK cells with enhanced activity and efficiency conferred a promising insight into CAR-NK cell-based therapies. Therefore, memory and CAR-NK cells-based approaches can emerge as novel strategies providing implications for HIV vaccine design and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaset Mazarzaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Vafaei
- Department of Virology Laboratory Sciences, Keyvan Virology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Amene Mirforughi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Rajabi Vardanjani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nada A S Alwan
- Professor of Pathology, Director, National Cancer Research Center, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
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40
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Fan W, Wan Y, Li Q. Interleukin-21 enhances the antibody avidity elicited by DNA prime and MVA boost vaccine. Cytokine 2019; 125:154814. [PMID: 31450102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of the magnitude or affinity of protective antibodies (Abs) induced by vaccine adjuvant is highly desirable to prevent challenging pathogens such as HIV-1. IL-21 plays a crucial role in germinal center reactions during humoral immune responses. However, the effect of IL-21 as a vaccine adjuvant on the quantity and quality of antigen-specific Abs elicited by DNA prime and MVA boost vaccine, a commonly used vaccine strategy, remains unknown. To close this knowledge gap, female adult B6N mice were primed with DNA vaccine twice (days 0, 14, 100 µg, I.M.) and boosted with MVA vaccine (day 28, 2 × 107 pfu, I.M.) with or without an IL-21 DNA adjuvant (days 3, 17, 31, 40 µg, I.M.), in which HIV-1 gag was expressed as a model antigen. With the addition of an IL-21 adjuvant, we found significantly increased avidity of antigen-specific Abs at multiple time points in a longitudinal follow up. Collectively, our results suggest that an IL-21 immune adjuvant can significantly increase Ab quality induced by heterologous DNA-MVA prime-boost vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Fan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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Bouza E, Ancochea-Bermúdez J, Campins M, Eirós-Bouza JM, Fargas J, García Rojas A, Gracia D, Gutiérrez Sánchez A, Limia A, López JA, Magro MC, Mirada G, Muñoz P, Olier E, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Urbiztondo L, Palomo E. The situation of vaccines for the prevention of infections in adults: An opinion paper on the situation in Spain. Rev Esp Quimioter 2019; 32:333-364. [PMID: 31345005 PMCID: PMC6719651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The childhood immunization schedule is well known and generally well implemented in developed countries. For various reasons, the same is not true of vaccines aimed at preventing infections in adults, in which vaccination coverage is incomplete and generally very deficient. In order to assess the situation of adult vaccination in Spain, the Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud has brought together a series of experts in different fields, including doctors, nurses, representatives of patient associations, health managers and economists, health authorities and journalists to deal with this issue. The format was that of a round table in which a series of questions previously formulated by the coordinators were to be answered and debated. The document presented is not an exhaustive review of the topic, nor is it intended to make recommendations, but only to give a multidisciplinary opinion on topics that could be particularly debatable or controversial. The paper reviews the main vaccine-preventable adult diseases, their clinical and economic impact, the possibilities of reducing them with vaccination programmes and the difficulties in carrying them out. The role of nursing, pharmacy services, patient associations and the health administration itself in changing the current situation was discussed. Prospects for new vaccines were discussed and we speculated on the future in this field. Finally, particularly relevant ethical aspects in decision-making regarding vaccination were discussed, which must be faced by both individuals and states. We have tried to summarize, at the end of the presentation of each question, the environment of opinion that was agreed with all the members of the table.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bouza
- Emilio Bouza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E Palomo
- Esteban Palomo. Director. Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud. C/ Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid, Spain. Phone +34 91 3530150
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Stoszko M, Ne E, Abner E, Mahmoudi T. A broad drug arsenal to attack a strenuous latent HIV reservoir. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 38:37-53. [PMID: 31323521 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV cure is impeded by the persistence of a strenuous reservoir of latent but replication competent infected cells, which remain unsusceptible to c-ART and unrecognized by the immune system for elimination. Ongoing progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms that control HIV transcription and latency has led to the development of strategies to either permanently inactivate the latent HIV infected reservoir of cells or to stimulate the virus to emerge out of latency, coupled to either induction of death in the infected reactivated cell or its clearance by the immune system. This review focuses on the currently explored and non-exclusive pharmacological strategies and their molecular targets that 1. stimulate reversal of HIV latency in infected cells by targeting distinct steps in the HIV-1 gene expression cycle, 2. exploit mechanisms that promote cell death and apoptosis to render the infected cell harboring reactivated virus more susceptible to death and/or elimination by the immune system, and 3. permanently inactivate any remaining latently infected cells such that c-ART can be safely discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Stoszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee634 PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Ne
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee634 PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Abner
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee634 PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tohidi F, Sadat SM, Bolhassani A, Yaghobi R, Larijani MS. Induction of a Robust Humoral Response using HIV-1 VLPMPER-V3 as a Novel Candidate Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Curr HIV Res 2019; 17:33-41. [DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190306124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Several approaches have not been successful to suppress HIV (Human immunodeficiency
virus) infection among infected individuals or to prevent it yet. In order to expand
strong HIV specific humoral and cellular responses, Virus-like particles (VLPs) as potential vaccines
show significant increase in neutralizing antibodies secretion, T-cell count and also secretion
of cytokines.
Objective:
This study aimed at immunological evaluation of VLPs harboring high copy of MPERV3
in BALB/c mice.
Methods:
Female BALB/c mice were immunized with homologous and heterologous primeboosting
regimens of HIV-1 VLPMPER-V3. Their immune responses were evaluated for humoral responses
(Total IgG and IgG isotyping) and cellular responses (IFN-γ, IL-5 secretion, in vitro CTL
assay and T cell proliferation) and compared in immunized mice.
Results:
The data showed robust induction of humoral response in mice groups which received different
regimens of VLP. Furthermore, analysis of cytokine profile indicated that the highest IL-5 secretion
was related to VLP+M50 group and confirmed the dominance of Th2 immunity in this
group.
Conclusion:
This study showed that VLP MPER-V3 as a potential vaccine candidate has the potency as
an effective prophylactic vaccine and this finding guarantees further investigations to achieve a
promising HIV-1 vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tohidi
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mona Sadat Larijani
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Perdiguero B, Sánchez-Corzo C, S Sorzano CO, Mediavilla P, Saiz L, Esteban M, Gómez CE. Induction of Broad and Polyfunctional HIV-1-Specific T Cell Responses by the Multiepitopic Protein TMEP-B Vectored by MVA Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030057. [PMID: 31261918 PMCID: PMC6789790 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine able to induce long-lasting immunity remains a major challenge. We previously designed a T cell multiepitopic immunogen including protective conserved epitopes from HIV-1 Gag, Pol and Nef proteins (TMEP-B), that induced potent HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells when vectored by DNA and combined with the vaccine candidate modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-B. Here, we described the vectorization of TMEP-B in MVA (MVA-TMEP) and evaluated the T cell immunogenicity profile elicited in mice when administered in homologous (MVA/MVA) or heterologous (DNA/MVA) prime/boost vector regimens or using homologous or heterologous inserts. The heterologous vector regimen was superior to the homologous protocol in inducing T cell responses. DNA-TMEP-primed animals boosted with MVA-TMEP or MVA-B exhibited the highest magnitudes of HIV-1-specific CD8, CD4 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, with MVA-TMEP significantly expanding Gag-specific CD8 T cell responses. In the homologous vector regimen, all groups exhibited similar HIV-1-specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses, but both MVA-B/MVA-B and MVA-TMEP/MVA-TMEP combinations elicited higher Gag-Pol-Nef (GPN)-specific CD8 T cell responses compared to MVA-TMEP/MVA-B. Our results revealed an enhanced induction of HIV-1-specific T cell responses by TMEP-B when vectored in both DNA and MVA, and supported their use in combined prime/boost strategies for HIV-1 prevention and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Corzo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar S Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Mediavilla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Saiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Wang N, Chen M, Wang T. Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization. J Control Release 2019; 303:130-150. [PMID: 31022431 PMCID: PMC7111479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good biocompatibility, versatile structure modification and adjustable characteristics, such as size, surface charge, membrane flexibility and the agent loading mode. In particular, in recent years, through modification with immunopotentiators and targeting molecules, and in combination with innovative immunization devices, liposomes are rapidly developed as a multifunctional vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) that has a high capability in inducing desired immunoresponses, as they can target immune cells and even cellular organelles, engender lysosome escape, and promote Ag cross-presentation, thus enormously enhancing vaccination efficacy. Moreover, after decades of development, several products developed on liposome VADS have already been authorized for clinical immunization and are showing great advantages over conventional vaccines. This article describes in depth some critical issues relevant to the development of liposomes as a VADS, including principles underlying immunization, physicochemical properties of liposomes as the immunity-influencing factors, functional material modification to enhance immunostimulatory functions, the state-of-the-art liposome VADSs, as well as the marketed vaccines based on a liposome VADS. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive reference to the development of novel liposome vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tun Brook Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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Kaminskas LM, Williams CC, Leong NJ, Chan LJ, Butcher NJ, Feeney OM, Porter CJH, Tyssen D, Tachedjian G, Ascher DB. A 30 kDa polyethylene glycol-enfuvirtide complex enhances the exposure of enfuvirtide in lymphatic viral reservoirs in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:218-226. [PMID: 30851352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV therapy with anti-retroviral drugs is limited by the poor exposure of viral reservoirs, such as lymphoid tissue, to these small molecule drugs. We therefore investigated the effect of PEGylation on the anti-retroviral activity and subcutaneous lymphatic pharmacokinetics of the peptide-based fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide in thoracic lymph duct cannulated rats. Both the peptide and the PEG were quantified in plasma and lymph via ELISA. Conjugation to a single 5 kDa linear PEG decreased anti-HIV activity three-fold compared to enfuvirtide. Whilst plasma and lymphatic exposure to peptide mass was moderately increased, the loss of anti-viral activity led to an overall decrease in exposure to enfuvirtide activity. A 20 kDa 4-arm branched PEG conjugated with an average of two enfuvirtide peptides decreased peptide activity by six-fold. Plasma and lymph exposure to enfuvirtide, however, increased significantly such that anti-viral activity was increased two- and six-fold respectively. The results suggest that a multi-enfuvirtide-PEG complex may optimally enhance the anti-retroviral activity of the peptide in plasma and lymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Charlotte C Williams
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nathania J Leong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linda J Chan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Orlagh M Feeney
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David Tyssen
- Burnet Institute, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Gilda Tachedjian
- Burnet Institute, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - David B Ascher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
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