1
|
Didem HY, Ülfiye Ç, Miraç Ç, Safiye TS, Pelin SS, Cem YA, Hatice U, Galip E. The frequency and determinants of vaccine hesitancy among parents of preschool and kindergarten students in Edirne central district. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 74:e38-e44. [PMID: 37980235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES The aim of our study is to determine the frequency of vaccine hesitancy and the associated factors among parents with preschool children in a city center. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among parents of preschool children in the central district of Edirne. The cluster sampling method was applied. The data collection tools consisted of a questionnaire designed by the researchers and The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Scale. The correlations between vaccine hesitancy among parents factos such as the vaccine's content, adverse effects, religious beliefs, media coverage, reliance on community leaders, and the usage of complementary and alternative medical methods were examined. RESULTS The study group consisted of 315 individuals and the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among participants was determined to be 13%. The mean PACV scale score of the parents was 29.76 ± 16.62. According to multivariate analyses, the odds ratios (%95 CI) of variables that were statistically significantly associated with parental vaccine hesitancy were as follows: being a mother 8.77 (1.02-75.07), vaccine side effects 2.91 (0.93-9.16), low/equal income level 6.80 (2.45-18.86), low/high income level 5.74 (1.65-20.0), religious reasons 3.33 (1.34-8.25), and media influence 9.53 (3.75-24.18). CONCLUSION Overall, vaccine hesitancy was observed at one in every 7 parents in the central district of Edirne province, and the main determinants of hesitancy were low-income status, media influence and religious beliefs, advers effects and being mother. Community-based intervention programs should be established to combat vaccine hesitancy. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The PACV scale is recommended for detecting community-based vaccine hesitancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yekdeş Didem
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Çelikkalp Ülfiye
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Çağlayan Miraç
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Takır Stewart Safiye
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Sarı Serin Pelin
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Yekdeş Ali Cem
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | | | - Ekuklu Galip
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abenova M, Shaltynov A, Jamedinova U, Semenova Y. Worldwide Child Routine Vaccination Hesitancy Rate among Parents of Children Aged 0-6 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 38250844 PMCID: PMC10819761 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Routine vaccine hesitancy is a major global health challenge observed in over 190 countries worldwide. This meta-analysis aims to determine the worldwide prevalence of routine vaccination hesitancy among parents of children aged 0-6. An extensive search was conducted in four scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they reported hesitancy related to WHO-recommended routine immunizations for children under 7 years of age. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed using the OpenMeta[Analyst] software. An initial search retrieved 5121 articles, of which only 23 publications, involving 29,131 parents, guardians, and caregivers from over 30 countries met the inclusion criteria and quality assessment. The cumulative prevalence of parental vaccine hesitancy was found to be 21.1% (95% CI = 17.5-24.7%, I2 = 98.86%, p < 0.001). When stratifying the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy per WHO region, significant variations were observed, ranging from 13.3% (95% CI = 6.7-19.9%, I2 = 97.72%, p < 0.001) in the Region of the Americas to 27.9% (95% CI = 24.3-31.4%) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The study findings highlight the need for healthcare providers and governments to develop and improve comprehensive programs with communication strategies to reduce parental vaccine hesitancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madina Abenova
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (A.S.); (U.J.)
| | - Askhat Shaltynov
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (A.S.); (U.J.)
| | - Ulzhan Jamedinova
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (A.S.); (U.J.)
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guarducci G, Mereu G, Golinelli D, Galletti G, Gemmi F, Cartocci A, Holczer N, Bacci L, Sergi A, Messina G, Mari V, Nante N. Factors Influencing the Healthcare Workers' Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 Booster Dose in Tuscany (Italy). Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1751. [PMID: 38140156 PMCID: PMC10748028 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has defined vaccine hesitancy as behavior influenced by several factors, including trust in the vaccine itself or its provider or the perceived need for vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among the employees and healthcare professionals of the Central Tuscany Local Health Authority (CT-LHA) in Italy. METHODS From July to October 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted. An online questionnaire was administered to 7000 employees of the CT-LHA. The questionnaire analyzed the factors that influenced receiving the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The sample was stratified by gender, age, type of occupation (healthcare or non-healthcare workers), and seniority. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded. A chi-squared test was performed through STATA. The significance level was set at 95%. RESULTS Of the questionnaires administered, 1885 (26.9%) questionnaires were eligible for the study. In the previous vaccination campaign, the healthcare workers (HCWs) considered the vaccine used by CT-LHA as safe, in contrast to non-healthcare workers (N-HCWs), who considered it less secure (p < 0.05). The HCWs showed a higher propensity for vaccine safety to receive the booster dose than N-HCWs. N-HCWs appeared to be less affected by an updated booster dose than HCWs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The factors studied appear to influence HCWs differently from N-HCWs. Both HCWs and N-HCWs would choose an upgraded mRNA vaccine for the booster dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Guarducci
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Giovanna Mereu
- Department of Technical Health Professions, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Davide Golinelli
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.); (N.N.)
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Galletti
- Quality and Equity Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Gemmi
- Quality and Equity Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Alessandra Cartocci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Nora Holczer
- General Direction, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, 50121 Florence, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Luca Bacci
- Web Communication and Promotion, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sergi
- Healthcare Management, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Messina
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.); (N.N.)
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Mari
- General Direction, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, 50121 Florence, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Nicola Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.); (N.N.)
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mubarak S, A'aqoulah A, AlGhawrie H, Albalas S, Innab N. Assessing the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine and its booster dose. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e950. [PMID: 37773710 PMCID: PMC10521373 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations are essential to control the pandemic and prevent severe COVID-19 infections. This study aims to assess the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that impact the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and its booster dose. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. The study used a self-administered web-based survey (questionnaire) for data collection that was distributed via social media platforms from May 2022 to July 2022. RESULTS In this study, among 518 participants, 54.4% had already received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, and out of the participants who didn't receive the booster dose, 19.9% declared a definite willingness to receive it, while 42% had already taken a booster dose, which indicated good acceptance. After adjustment for significant background characteristics, a significant association between the country and receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, the intention to get the vaccine, and infection with COVID-19 were found, in addition to a significant association between the country and the participants' opinion that electronic applications helped them to follow their vaccine schedule were found (p < .001). Also, the results showed that participants' attitudes were significantly associated with educational level and age groups (p ≤ .001, p = .032, respectively). There was a significant association between the intention to receive the vaccine booster dose and the country (p < .001). The Saudi participants were willing to get the booster dose seven times more than the Jordanians, furthermore, there was a significant association between taking the vaccine booster dose in the country, as well as age group, working in the medical field, previous COVID-19 infection, and the intention to vaccinate the children (p < .001, p = .030, .031, .025, < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, our results emphasize a positive response and a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, define the groups to be targeted with effective communication regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and its booster dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Mubarak
- Infection Control Program, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ashraf A'aqoulah
- Department of Health Systems Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel AlGhawrie
- Infection Control Program, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samir Albalas
- Department of Health Services Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Innab
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Janssen LJ, Lo-A-Njoe SM, ten Pas C, Duits AJ. A COVID-19 vaccination program for high-risk children aged 12-17 years in Curacao. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e129. [PMID: 37609527 PMCID: PMC10441550 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to describe and critically evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination program for high-risk children in Curacao and provide information about important factors such as parents' vaccination hesitancy and effective strategies for communicating and delivering information about vaccination. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. It was important to identify children aged 12-17 years who were at high risk of severe COVID-19 infection because of the limited medical facilities on the island; children considered to be at high risk were those with diseases such as obesity, hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2. These children or their caregivers were invited by their pediatricians to be vaccinated as part of a program run by the Public Health Department of Curacao. These high-risk patients were vaccinated between 30 May 2021 and 25 February 2022 in designated child-friendly spaces, with a pediatrician present for guidance and reassurance. Children received the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine at the recommended dose for their age. The primary outcome was a description and evaluation of the attendance for vaccination. The secondary outcomes were side effects after vaccination for the age groups 12-15 years and 16-17 years. Reasons for refusal or nonadherence were also registered. Results Altogether 51% (24/47) of those aged 16-17 years who were invited were vaccinated compared with 42% (26/69) of those aged 12-15 years who were invited. Altogether, 46% of these high-risk children were vaccinated compared with 48% of children aged 12-17 years without risk factors. In our population, most patients did not experience any side effects and if they did, the side effects were mild. No cases of myocarditis or pericarditis were observed. A lack of trust in the vaccine and a lack of prioritization of vaccination when scheduling daily activities were important factors in refusal and nonadherence. Conclusions To organize a successful vaccination program in a small community with limited resources for treating high-risk children it is crucial for medical professionals to provide reliable information. Public health initiatives should focus on assuaging parents' fears about vaccines. In addition, ensuring there is good cooperation between doctors and the Public Health Department can help to make implementation successful. Finally, involving pediatricians and using dedicated areas for vaccinating children can help build trust with parents and caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy J.F. Janssen
- Department of PediatricsCuracao Medical CenterWillemstadCuracaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Curacao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curacao
| | - Shirley M. Lo-A-Njoe
- Department of PediatricsCuracao Medical CenterWillemstadCuracaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Curacao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curacao
| | - Charlotte ten Pas
- Department of PediatricsCuracao Medical CenterWillemstadCuracaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Curacao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curacao
| | - Ashley J. Duits
- Red Cross Blood Bank FoundationWillemstadCuracaoRed Cross Blood Bank Foundation, Willemstad, Curacao
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fadhel FH. Vaccine hesitancy and acceptance: an examination of predictive factors in COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daab209. [PMID: 34967862 PMCID: PMC8755351 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a global health issue and can be affected by several variables. We explored the predictive factors and causes of vaccine hesitancy among adults in Saudi Arabia. An online survey method with multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors predicting of vaccine hesitancy in 558 adults (46.24% women and 53.76% men). The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy is 20.6%, with higher rates among females, young people and single people. About 70% of the participants believe that vaccine hesitancy is due to concerns about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine, a lack of information about the disease and vaccine or social media. The vaccine acceptance rate is 71.3%; 17.2% are not willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine and 11.5% are unsure. Males and married people are more accepting of the vaccine. The risk factors that predict vaccine hesitancy include age, gender, belief in conspiracy theories and psychosocial factors. Meanwhile, age, gender, belief in conspiracy theories, concerns about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and psychosocial factors significantly predict vaccine acceptance. The high rate of vaccine hesitancy could undermine efforts to combat COVID-19. Factors predicting vaccine hesitancy can be used in interventions to address this issue during major epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Hassan Fadhel
- Psychology Department, College of Education - King Khalid University- Saudi Arabia, Abha. Areej Street, Building No. 7273, Flat 1P. O. Box: 4113, Abha 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Hodeidah University, Zaied street, Hodeida, Hodeidah 967, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alaamri AM, Alghithi AM, Salih S, Omer HM. Acceptance and Associated Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Among Parents of Daughters in Intermediate Schools in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e43483. [PMID: 37711956 PMCID: PMC10499461 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in Saudi Arabia have little knowledge of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and its vaccine. This study assessed the acceptance, barriers, and facilitators of HPV vaccination and its associated factors among parents of daughters in intermediate schools during the academic year September 2022-June 2023 in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of HPV vaccination and its associated factors among parents of daughters in intermediate schools in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This was an analytical community-based cross-sectional study that targeted 947 parents of girls older than 15 in intermediate schools in Tabuk City. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data using a web-based survey. RESULTS The knowledge about HPV and its vaccine in mothers was 1.627 times higher than in fathers, mainly when employed, highly educated, aged <40 years, and earning a higher income. In addition, the Saudis' knowledge of HPV and its vaccine was 1.275 times higher than non-Saudis. The HPV vaccine acceptability among mothers was 1.259 times higher than the fathers, especially when non-employed, aged <40 years, and with higher income. The parent who knows the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer accepts the vaccine 1.794 times higher than those who ignore this relationship. On the other hand, the Saudi's acceptability of the vaccine was 0.671 times lower than non-Saudis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atheer M Alaamri
- Preventive Medicine, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | - Safa Salih
- Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Tabuk, SAU
| | - Hamza M Omer
- Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Tabuk, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nikoloski Z, Chimenya D, Alshehari A, Hassan H, Bain R, Menchini L, Gillespie A. COVID-19 Vaccination Personas in Yemen: Insights from Three Rounds of a Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1272. [PMID: 37515086 PMCID: PMC10386099 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We used three rounds of a repeated cross-sectional survey on COVID-19 vaccination conducted throughout the entire territory of Yemen to: (i) describe the demographic and socio-economic characteristics associated with willingness to be vaccinated; (ii) analyse the link between beliefs associated with COVID-19 vaccines and willingness to be vaccinated; and (iii) analyse the potential platforms that could be used to target vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine coverage in Yemen. Over two-thirds of respondents were either unwilling or unsure about vaccination across the three rounds. We found that gender, age, and educational attainment were significant correlates of vaccination status. Respondents with better knowledge about the virus and with greater confidence in the capacity of the authorities (and their own) to deal with the virus were more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. Consistent with the health belief model, practising one (or more) COVID-19 preventative measures was associated with a higher willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccination. Respondents with more positive views towards COVID-19 vaccines were also more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. By contrast, respondents who believed that vaccines are associated with significant side effects were more likely to refuse vaccination. Finally, those who relied on community leaders/healthcare workers as a trusted channel for obtaining COVID-19-related information were more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. Strengthening the information about the COVID-19 vaccination (safety, effectiveness, side effects) and communicating it through community leaders/healthcare workers could help increase the COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Yemen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Nikoloski
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert Bain
- UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office, Amman 11821, Jordan
| | - Leonardo Menchini
- UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office, Amman 11821, Jordan
| | - Amaya Gillespie
- UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office, Amman 11821, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tagat A, Kapoor H, Arora V, Chakravarty S, Mukherjee S, Roy S. Double Jab: Survey Evidence on Vaccine Hesitancy, Beliefs, and Attitudes in India. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1697-1708. [PMID: 35067105 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2028480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
India witnessed a large surge in COVID-19 cases in April 2021, a second wave of nearly 350,000 daily new infections across the country. As of December 2021, cases have reduced drastically, in part due to greater vaccine coverage across the country. This study reports results on vaccine hesitancy, attitudes, and behaviors from an online survey conducted between February and March 2021 in nine Indian cities (N = 518). We find that vaccine hesitancy negatively predicts willingness to take the vaccine, and beliefs about vaccine effectiveness supersede hesitancy in explaining vaccine uptake. Furthermore, we find that mask-wearing and handwashing beliefs, information sources related to COVID-19, and past COVID-19 infection and testing status are all strongly associated with the hypothetical choice of vaccine. We discuss these findings in the context of behavioral theories as well as outline implications for vaccine-related health communication in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hansika Kapoor
- Department of Psychology, Monk Prayogshala
- Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut
| | - Varun Arora
- Department of Behavioural Science, Behavioral Insights Architecture and Strategy (BIAS) Inc
| | - Sujoy Chakravarty
- Department of Behavioural Science, Behavioral Insights Architecture and Strategy (BIAS) Inc
- Centre for Economic Studies and Planning, Jawaharlal Nehru University
| | | | - Shubhabrata Roy
- Department of Behavioural Science, Behavioral Insights Architecture and Strategy (BIAS) Inc
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rojop N, Calvimontes DM, Barrios E, Lamb MM, Paniagua-Avila A, Monzon J, Duca LM, Iwamoto C, Chard AN, Gomez M, Arias K, Roell Y, Bolanos GA, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Lopez MR, Cordon-Rosales C, Asturias EJ, Olson D. COVID-19 Attitudes and Vaccine Hesitancy among an Agricultural Community in Southwest Guatemala: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1059. [PMID: 37376448 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite offering free-of-charge COVID-19 vaccines starting July 2021, Guatemala has one of the lowest vaccination rates in Latin America. From 28 September 2021 to 11 April 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of community members, adapting a CDC questionnaire to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine access and hesitancy. Of 233 participants ≥ 12 years, 127 (55%) received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 and 4 (2%) reported prior COVID-19 illness. Persons ≥ 12 years old who were unvaccinated (n = 106) were more likely to be female (73% vs. 41%, p < 0.001) and homemakers (69% vs. 24%, p < 0.01) compared with vaccinated participants (n = 127). Among those ≥18 years, the main reported motivation for vaccination among vaccinated participants was to protect the health of family/friends (101/117, 86%); on the other hand, 40 (55%) unvaccinated persons reported little/no confidence in public health institutions recommending COVID-19 vaccination. Community- and/or home-based vaccination programs, including vaccination of families through the workplace, may better reach female homemakers and reduce inequities and hesitancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neudy Rojop
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Diva M Calvimontes
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edgar Barrios
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alejandra Paniagua-Avila
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 11032, USA
| | - Jose Monzon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Lindsey M Duca
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Chelsea Iwamoto
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Anna N Chard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Melissa Gomez
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Kareen Arias
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | - Yannik Roell
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Guillermo Antonio Bolanos
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
| | - Celia Cordon-Rosales
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel Olson
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Williams JTB, Robinson K, Abbott E, Rojop N, Shiffman M, Rice JD, O'Leary ST, Asturias EJ. Community perceptions of vaccine advocacy for children under five in rural Guatemala. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000728. [PMID: 37216324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Historically, partnerships with community leaders (e.g., religious leaders, teachers) have been critical to building vaccination confidence, but leaders may be increasingly vaccine hesitant. In rural Guatemala, the extent of vaccine hesitancy among community leaders is unclear, as are their perceptions of advocacy for childhood vaccines. We sought to: (i) compare Guatemalan religious leaders' and community leaders' attitudes toward childhood vaccines, (ii) describe leaders' experiences and comfort with vaccination advocacy, and (iii) describe community members' trust in them as vaccination advocates. In 2019, we surveyed religious leaders, other community leaders, and parents of children under five in rural Guatemala. We recorded participant demographic information and assessed participant vaccine hesitancy regarding childhood vaccines. We analyzed data descriptively and via adjusted regression modeling. Our sample included 50 religious leaders, 50 community leaders, and 150 community members (response rate: 99%); 14% of religious leaders and community leaders were vaccine hesitant, similar to community members (P = 0.71). In the prior year, 47% of leaders had spoken about vaccines in their formal role; 85% felt responsible to do so. Only 28% of parents trusted politicians "a lot" for vaccine advice, versus doctors (72%; P < 0.01), nurses (62%; P < 0.01), religious leaders (49%; P < 0.01), and teachers (48%; P < 0.01). In this study, religious leaders and community leaders were willing but incompletely engaged vaccination advocates. Most community members trusted doctors and nurses a lot for vaccination advice; half trusted teachers and religious leaders similarly. Public health officials in rural Guatemala can complement efforts by doctors and nurses through partnerships with teachers and religious leaders to increase vaccination confidence and delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T B Williams
- Center for Health Systems Research, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Robinson
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Neudy Rojop
- Fundacion para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Coatepeque, Coatepeque, Guatemala
| | - Michelle Shiffman
- Center for Health Systems Research, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John D Rice
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sean T O'Leary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Fundacion para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, Coatepeque, Coatepeque, Guatemala
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garbern SC, Perera SM, Mbong EN, Kulkarni S, Fleming MK, Ombeni AB, Muhayangabo RF, Tchoualeu DD, Kallay R, Song E, Powell J, Gainey M, Glenn B, Gao H, Mutumwa RM, Mustafa SHB, Abad N, Soke GN, Prybylski D, Doshi RH, Fukunaga R, Levine AC. COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions among Ebola-Affected Communities in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:973. [PMID: 37243077 PMCID: PMC10223943 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations affected by humanitarian crises and emerging infectious disease outbreaks may have unique concerns and experiences that influence their perceptions toward vaccines. In March 2021, we conducted a survey to examine the perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccines and identify the factors associated with vaccine intention among 631 community members (CMs) and 438 healthcare workers (HCWs) affected by the 2018-2020 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of vaccine intention. Most HCWs (81.7%) and 53.6% of CMs felt at risk of contracting COVID-19; however, vaccine intention was low (27.6% CMs; 39.7% HCWs). In both groups, the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, general vaccine confidence, and male sex were associated with the intention to get vaccinated, with security concerns preventing vaccine access being negatively associated. Among CMs, getting the Ebola vaccine was associated with the intention to get vaccinated (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05-1.94). Among HCWs, concerns about new vaccines' safety and side effects (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.91), religion's influence on health decisions (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.61), security concerns (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37-0.74), and governmental distrust (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.35-0.70) were negatively associated with vaccine perceptions. Enhanced community engagement and communication that address this population's concerns could help improve vaccine perceptions and vaccination decisions. These findings could facilitate the success of vaccine campaigns in North Kivu and similar settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chow Garbern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Eta Ngole Mbong
- International Medical Corps, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Shibani Kulkarni
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Monica K. Fleming
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Kallay
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bailey Glenn
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- James A. Ferguson Infectious Disease Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Hongjiang Gao
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | - Neetu Abad
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Gnakub Norbert Soke
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dimitri Prybylski
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Reena H. Doshi
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Rena Fukunaga
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Adam C. Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suhail MK, Moinuddin A. Evaluation of strategies against vaccine hesitancy in the COVID-19 and Indian context-A systematic review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:142. [PMID: 37397096 PMCID: PMC10312413 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1376_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The world has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of loss of lives, health, and its socioeconomic consequences; however, the true magnitude and extent of the damage from COVID-19 is still elusive till date. With the advent of many efficacious vaccines, one of the most effective ways to get to grips with the pandemic is mass vaccination. However, due to vaccine hesitancy (VH), it remains a colossal challenge globally thereby causing serious threat to the pandemic response efforts. This review intends to identify evaluated interventions and evidence to support recommendation of specific strategies to address VH from an Indian context. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize relevant literature around the evaluation of strategies to tackle VH for effectiveness or impact in India. Electronic databases were searched using specific keywords and predefined inclusion-exclusion criteria. A total of 133 articles were screened, 15 were assessed for eligibility, and two were included in the final review. There is a paucity of research on evaluation of vaccine hesitancy interventions in India. Evidence is not strong enough to recommend one specific strategy or intervention. Together, a permutation of multicomponent and tailored interventions has been found most effective in repressingVH in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K. Suhail
- Doctoral Researcher, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University-Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Arsalan Moinuddin
- Vascular Health Researcher, School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire-Gloucester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mittal S, Rawat C, Gupta A, Solanki HK, Singh RK. Adverse Events Following Immunization Among Children Under Two Years of Age: A Prospective Observational Study From North India. Cureus 2023; 15:e38356. [PMID: 37266060 PMCID: PMC10229756 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective child survival health interventions. A single serious adverse event following immunization (AEFI) or a cluster of events may lead to a loss of public confidence in the program and a major setback to immunization coverage. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of AEFIs in children less than two years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective community-based observational study was conducted in the North Indian state of Uttarakhand from October 2017 to February 2018. A total of 255 children who attended the selected sub-centres for immunization were finally included in the study. Follow-up home visits on the 8th and 30th day of vaccination were carried out to identify any occurrences of AEFIs. RESULTS Among 255 children, 212 AEFIs from 152 vaccinated subjects were reported. The majority of the AEFIs were reported in the age group 0-1 years. The incidence of AEFIs was 33.0 per 100 doses of vaccines administered. The most common AEFI reported was fever (101, 47.6%), followed by swelling (53, 25.0%). Among the vaccines, Pentavalent + oral polio vaccine (OPV) (48.8 per 100 doses) was majorly responsible for AEFIs, followed by diphtheria pertussis tetanus (DPT) + measles and rubella (MR) + OPV (46.6 per 100 doses). CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that although the incidence of AEFI reported was high, all of them were minor and no serious AEFIs were identified. The awareness among health professionals and the public regarding the reporting of AEFIs should be continued to increase the safety profile of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Mittal
- Department of Community Medicine, Soban Singh Jeena Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Almora, IND
| | - Cms Rawat
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical Science and Research Institute, Srinagar, IND
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Soban Singh Jeena Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Almora, IND
| | - Hariom K Solanki
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Greater Noida, IND
| | - R K Singh
- Community Medicine, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Medical College, Churu, IND
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sahoo SS, Parida SP, Singh AK, Palepu S, Sahoo DP, Bhatia V. Decision-making in childhood vaccination: vaccine hesitancy among caregivers of under-5 children from a tertiary care institution in Eastern India. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2023; 11:25151355231152650. [PMID: 36756042 PMCID: PMC9900653 DOI: 10.1177/25151355231152650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acceptance of vaccines has been on a decline in recent times, with vaccine hesitancy being listed as one of the top 10 global health threats. This study analysed vaccine hesitancy and belief towards vaccination among caregivers of children aged below 5 years. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 196 caregivers of children aged 6 months to below 5 years who had attended an immunization clinic at a tertiary care institute of Eastern India from March to May 2019 were surveyed. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit eligible study participants. The survey assessed the attitudes of parents towards childhood vaccination by using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and their beliefs towards vaccination. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the association of various sociodemographic factors with vaccine hesitancy. Results Among the caregivers, most (48%) mothers were aged 26-35 years, literate and homemakers. Vaccine hesitancy was observed in 9.18% of the participants. Only the age of the child was significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Nearly half (48.5%) of the participants were concerned about the serious adverse effects of vaccines, and a third (30.6%) agreed that newer vaccines are associated with higher risks than the older ones. Caregivers felt that vaccines are no longer required for uncommon diseases. Conclusion Concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy are prevalent even among caregivers attending a tertiary care institute. Thus, additional studies are required to assess hesitancy in urban, rural, remote and inaccessible areas. Policymakers ought to conduct periodic assessments and implement necessary remedial measures for the long-term sustenance of the benefits of the national immunization programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Swayam Pragyan Parida
- Department of Community & Family Medicine,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Department of Community & Family Medicine,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sarika Palepu
- Department of Community & Family Medicine,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Durgesh Prasad Sahoo
- Department of Community & Family Medicine,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wagner AL, Lu Y, Janusz CB, Pan SW, Glover B, Wu Z, Prosser LA. Preferences for Sexually Transmitted Infection and Cancer Vaccines in the United States and in China. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 26:261-268. [PMID: 36055920 PMCID: PMC9908821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed preferences for hypothetical vaccines for children in 2 large vaccine markets according to how the vaccine-preventable disease is transmitted via a discrete choice experiment. METHODS Surveys in China (N = 1350) and the United States (N = 1413) were conducted from April to May 2021. The discrete choice experiment included attributes of cost, age at vaccination, transmission mode of the vaccine-preventable disease, and whether the vaccine prevents cancer. Preference utilities were modeled in a Bayesian, multinomial logistic regression model, and respondents were grouped by vaccine preference classification through a latent class analysis. RESULTS Individuals favored vaccines against diseases with transmission modes other than sexual transmission (vaccine for sexually transmitted infection [STI] vs airborne disease, in the United States, odds ratio 0.71; 95% credible interval 0.64-0.78; in China, odds ratio 0.76; 95% credible interval 0.69-0.84). The latent class analysis revealed 6 classes: vaccine rejecters (19% in the United States and 8% in China), careful deciders (18% and 17%), preferring cancer vaccination (20% and 19%), preferring vaccinating children at older ages (10% and 11%), preferring vaccinating older ages, but indifferent about cancer vaccines (23% and 25%), and preferring vaccinating children at younger ages (10% and 19%). Vaccine rejection was higher with age in the United States versus more vaccine rejection among those at the age of 18 to 24 and ≥ 64 years in China. CONCLUSION The public had strong preferences against giving their child an STI vaccine, and the class preferring a cancer vaccine was less accepting of an STI vaccine. Overall, this study points to the need for more education about how some STI vaccines could also prevent cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Cara B Janusz
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen W Pan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Brian Glover
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenke Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Prosser
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xia Y, Li Q, Jiao W, Lan Y. Dynamic mechanism of eliminating COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy through web search. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1018378. [PMID: 36794073 PMCID: PMC9922755 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1018378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the research problem of eliminating COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy through web search. A dynamic model of eliminating COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy through web search is constructed based on the Logistic model, the elimination degree is quantified, the elimination function is defined to analyze the dynamic elimination effect, and the model parameter estimation method is proposed. The numerical solution, process parameters, initial value parameters and stationary point parameters of the model are simulated, respectively, and the mechanism of elimination is deeply analyzed to determine the key time period. Based on the real data of web search and COVID-19 vaccination, data modeling is carried out from two aspects: full sample and segmented sample, and the rationality of the model is verified. On this basis, the model is used to carry out dynamic prediction and verified to have certain medium-term prediction ability. Through this research, the methods of eliminating vaccine hesitancy are enriched, and a new practical idea is provided for eliminating vaccine hesitancy. It also provides a method to predict the quantity of COVID-19 vaccination, provides theoretical guidance for dynamically adjusting the public health policy of the COVID-19, and can provide reference for the vaccination of other vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuexin Lan
- Research Center of Network Public Opinion Governance, China People's Police University, Langfang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alatrany SSJ, Falaiyah AM, Zuhairawi RHM, Ogden R, ALi Sayyid ALdrraji H, Alatrany ASS, Al-Jumeily D. A cross-sectional analysis of the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy in Iraq. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282523. [PMID: 36893102 PMCID: PMC9997880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy poses a significant risk to global recovery from COVID-19. To date however, there is little research exploring the psychological factors associated with vaccine acceptability and hesitancy in Iraq. AIM To explore attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in Iraq. To establish the predictors of vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy in an Iraqi population. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 7,778 participants completed an online questionnaire exploring their vaccination status, likelihood of infection, perceived severity infection, benefits of vaccine, barriers to vaccine, anticipated regret, subjective norms, and trust in government. FINDINGS Vaccination rates increased with age and were greater in males, those who were married, divorced or widowed, those with children and those with underlying conditions. Vaccine hesitancy was widespread with 61.40% of unvaccinated individuals reported an unwillingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. In unvaccinated groups, vaccine hesitancy was associated with lower trust in the government, more negative social norms, greater perceived barriers to vaccination and reduced perceived benefits. CONCLUSIONS There is significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Iraq. Public health institutions should be aware of the influence of demographic factors, as well as personal beliefs and social norms, on individuals' decisions to vaccinate. Public health messaging should therefore aim to be tailored to address the concerns of citizens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf Muwafa Falaiyah
- College of Education for Human Sciences, Ibn Reshed, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ruth Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Abbas S. S. Alatrany
- University of Information Technology and Communications, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiya Al-Jumeily
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao M, Zhao J, Huang C, Wang X, Ye L, Han X, Yu W, Yin Z, Zhang J, Liu Y. Assessing vaccine hesitancy using the WHO scale for caregivers of children under 3 years old in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090609. [PMID: 37124767 PMCID: PMC10130458 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccine hesitancy may increase infectious disease burden and impede disease control efforts, while few studies have measured such a phenomenon with a standardized tool in China. This study aimed to test the validation of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) developed by the WHO SAGE Working Group among caregivers and examine demographic characteristics associated with caregiver hesitancy in six provinces of China. Methods Using a multistage sampling design, this study was conducted in 36 immunization clinics in six provinces from December 2019 to August 2020. Caregivers of children aged 0-3 years were included. The VHS was used to assess vaccine hesitancy. The construct validity and internal consistency of the scale were assessed. Associations between caregivers' characteristics and vaccine hesitancy were examined by simple and multiple linear regression models. Results Of the 3,359 participants included, a two-factor structure within the scale was identified, consisting of "lack of confidence" (1.89 ± 0.53) and "risks" (3.20 ± 0.75). Caregivers engaged in medical work expressed more confidence and were less concerned about risks compared to those of non-medical staff (p < 0.05). Participants with higher income levels were more confident (p < 0.05), while those surveyed after the COVID-19 pandemic, who were mothers, who had an older child, or who were raising a second or above birth child, had less concern about risks (p < 0.05). Discussion We found that the VHS had acceptable reliability and construct validity and caregivers' hesitancy was driven more by concerns about risks than by the lack of confidence. Countering these concerns will be particularly important among non-medical staff, lower income, child's fathers, having a younger child, or raising first-birth child groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Cao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Zhao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cunrong Huang
- Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xianglin Wang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Han
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Zhang, ; Yuanli Liu,
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Zhang, ; Yuanli Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nassar RI, Barakat M, Thiab S, El-Hajji F, Barqawi H, El-Huneidi W, Basheti IA, Abu-Gharbieh E. Web-Based Reporting of Post-Vaccination Symptoms for Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010044. [PMID: 36679889 PMCID: PMC9866303 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perception of COVID-19 vaccines as being unsafe is a major barrier to receiving the vaccine. Providing the public with accurate data regarding the vaccines would reduce vaccine hesitancy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data on the side effects experienced by the vaccinated population to assess the safety of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS The majority of the study participants (n = 386) were female (71.9%), and 38.6% of them were under 30 years old. Around half of the participants (52.8%) reported side effects after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Fatigue (85.1%), a sore arm at the site of the injection (82.1%), and discomfort (67.2%) were the most commonly reported side effects after the first dose. Reporting side effects was significantly associated with the female sex (p-value = 0.027). Significant associations between being female and experiencing chills, muscle or joint pain, anorexia, drowsiness, and hair loss were also found, as well as being above the age of 30 and experiencing a cough. Being a smoker was significantly associated with experiencing a cough, and a headache. Furthermore, chills, and a sore throat were significantly associated with individuals who had not been infected before. CONCLUSION Mild side effects were reported after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Fatigue was the most commonly reported side effect. Females, older adults, smokers, and those who had never been infected with COVID-19 had a greater susceptibility to certain side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razan I. Nassar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Samar Thiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Feras El-Hajji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Hiba Barqawi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman A. Basheti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-(1)-65057289
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Soysal G, Akdur R. Investigating Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal Among Parents of Children Under Five: A Community-based Study. GÜNCEL PEDIATRI 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/jcp.2022.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
22
|
Perception and willingness to accept COVID-19 Vaccines: A cross-sectional survey of the general population of Sokoto State, Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278332. [PMID: 36454892 PMCID: PMC9714919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally is well over 400 million, however, the number of cases is showing a downward trend especially in developed countries largely as a result of effective vaccination against COVID-19. In developing countries, vaccination coverage is still very low as a result of vaccine hesitancy, which could be attributed to misconceptions about COVID-19 itself and its newly developed vaccines. This study assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and perception amongst the adult population in Sokoto state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sokoto state among 854 respondents selected via a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected electronically using a set of structured questionnaire and analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 25. Respondents' perception was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Respondents having a score of 3 and below were graded as having poor perception and those having scores above 3 were graded as having good perception. Respondents' ages ranged from 17 to 76 years, with a mean of 34.8±12.07; more than half [474(53.7%)] of the respondents were males, 667(75.5%) were married and 539(61.0%) had formal education. The majority [839(95.0%)] of the respondents had a good perception of COVID -19 vaccine; 49.9% agreed enough research would be required on the safety of the vaccine. The majority, (72.4%) expressed their willingness to accept the COVID- 19 vaccine (male 38.4% vs. female 34.0%); 410(47.4%) said they can spend more than one hour to get the vaccine. Significant predictors of willingness to accept COVID 19 vaccine include age (p = 0.006; aOR = 0.223; 95% CI = 0.077-0.645), education (p<0.001; aOR = 1.720; 95% CI = 1.274-2.321) and perception of COVID 19 vaccine (p<0.001; aOR = 0.020; 95% CI = 0.009-0.044). The majority of the respondents had a good perception of COVID- 19 vaccine and more than two-thirds were willing to be vaccinated with the vaccine. Government should make the vaccine available for vaccination since a significant proportion of the respondents expressed their willingness to accept the vaccine.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bussink-Voorend D, Hautvast JLA, Vandeberg L, Visser O, Hulscher MEJL. A systematic literature review to clarify the concept of vaccine hesitancy. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1634-1648. [PMID: 35995837 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is considered a top-10 global health threat. The concept of VH has been described and applied inconsistently. This systematic review aims to clarify VH by analysing how it is operationalized. We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on 14 January 2022. We selected 422 studies containing operationalizations of VH for inclusion. One limitation is that studies of lower quality were not excluded. Our qualitative analysis reveals that VH is conceptualized as involving (1) cognitions or affect, (2) behaviour and (3) decision making. A wide variety of methods have been used to measure VH. Our findings indicate the varied and confusing use of the term VH, leading to an impracticable concept. We propose that VH should be defined as a state of indecisiveness regarding a vaccination decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Bussink-Voorend
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeannine L A Hautvast
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vandeberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Olga Visser
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J L Hulscher
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jang SR, Lee SK, Connelly S. Understanding motivations and deterrents for COVID-19 vaccination among US working adults: A mixed method approach. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2132752. [PMID: 36316047 PMCID: PMC9746545 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2132752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and administered in the United States. Despite evidence from clinical trials for the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, many individuals are still hesitant or even unwilling to receive one. The purposes of this study are (1) to examine characteristics associated with those willing and unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and (2) to illuminate the reasons behind their willingness and unwillingness to receive the vaccine using both quantitative and qualitative data. Data collected from 505 US working adults showed that several demographic variables (i.e. education, the size of their organization, the number of dependents, political orientation, and religion) and influence sources (i.e. family members, workplace leaders, political leaders, social media influencers, and healthcare workers) significantly correlated with people's willingness/unwillingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, protecting oneself was the most common reason cited by participants for willingness to get the vaccine, while being concerned about vaccine side effects was the most frequently given reason for being unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. This study expands our current understanding of the COVID-19 vaccine motivators and intention factors. Practically, the findings can help develop health campaign messages effectively target working adults who are unwilling to receive the COVID-19 vaccines and ultimately increase the vaccination rate in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Rachel Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA,CONTACT Seulki “Rachel” Jang University of Oklahoma, 455 W. Lindsey Street, Room 815b Dale Hall Tower, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Sun Kyong Lee
- School of Media and Communication, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shane Connelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohamad E, Tham JS, Mohd Ajis SZ, Hamzah MR, Ayub SH, Tri Sakti AM, Azlan AA. Exposure to Misinformation, Risk Perception, and Confidence towards the Government as Factors Influencing Negative Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14623. [PMID: 36429342 PMCID: PMC9690819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explored exposure to misinformation, COVID-19 risk perception, and confidence towards the government as predictors of negative attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out from 30 June to 30 August 2021 involving 775 respondents. The survey instrument for the questionnaire was an adaptation from various different studies consisting of five main variables: (1) misinformation about vaccination; (2) risk perception toward COVID-19; (3) attitudes toward the vaccination programme; (4) intention to get vaccinated; and (5) public confidence in the government in executing the vaccination programme. RESULTS The results of this study indicate that higher exposure to misinformation led to higher levels of negative attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. When the perceived risk of COVID-19 infection was high, mistrust of vaccine benefits was low but there were also higher worries about the future effects of the vaccine. Confidence in the government was associated with lower negative attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION The results of this study may help develop an understanding of negative attitudes toward vaccinations in Malaysia and its contributing factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mohamad
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- UKM × UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jen Sern Tham
- Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zaiton Mohd Ajis
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- UKM × UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rezal Hamzah
- Department of Communication, Faculty of Business and Communication, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Suffian Hadi Ayub
- Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andi Muhammad Tri Sakti
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- UKM × UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Communication Science, Mercu Buana University, Jakarta 11650, Indonesia
| | - Arina Anis Azlan
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- UKM × UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abdulhamid I, Usmael N, Shaweno T. Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors Among Adult Household Members in Dire Dawa City Administration, East Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2977-2988. [PMID: 36345291 PMCID: PMC9636885 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s380393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine is a vital strategy to prevent and control this pandemic. This will depend principally on people's acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. We aimed to determine the willingness to accept COVID vaccine among adult household members of Dire Dawa city administration. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 634 adult household members in the Dire Dawa city administration during January 16-31/2022. Data were collected using face-to-face interview. Extent of willingness was estimated using participants' self-report. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted, and statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results The estimated willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine was 28.4% (95% CI 25.1, 31.5) in the study setting. The odds of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine was higher for household members living without at least one chronic disease (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.10, 2.70), who had good knowledge score (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.31, 2.18) and positive attitude score (AOR 5.5, 95% CI 2.1, 14.5) compared to their counterparts, respectively. The estimated willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among household members with good knowledge score was 47.4 (95% CI 42.1, 52.7) and 15.5 (95% CI 8.7, 22.2) among those with poor knowledge. Nearly, 90% of the study participants had limited knowledge about COVID 19 vaccine. Conclusion The estimated willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine in the study setting is very low and far from the set target to be reached by the end of 2022. Being free from chronic disease, and having good knowledge and positive attitude about COVID-19 vaccine were the main drivers for willingness. Public awareness directed to increase knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine and attitude change strategies should be scaled up to increase the COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Moreover, those individuals with chronic diseases need special attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nejib Usmael
- Dire Dawa Administration Regional Health Bureau, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Shaweno
- Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Elbarazi I, Yacoub M, Reyad OA, Abdou MS, Elhadi YAM, Kheirallah KA, Ababneh BF, Hamada BA, El Saeh HM, Ali N, Rahma AT, Tahoun MM, Ghazy RM. Exploring enablers and barriers toward COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Arabs: A qualitative study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 82:103304. [PMID: 36193257 PMCID: PMC9519527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapid vaccine development, research interest in vaccine hesitancy (VH) has increased. Research usually focuses on quantitative estimates which largely neglected the qualitative underpinnings of this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the beliefs and views towards COVID-19 vaccination among Arabs in different countries. Furthermore, we explored the effect of confidence in the healthcare system, misinformation, and scientific approaches adopted to mitigate COVID-19 on how individuals are following the recommended preventative actions including vaccination. METHODS This study was based on the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE)-VH Model: A qualitative design that utilized in-depth, online interviews. The study was conducted in seven Arab countries (Egypt, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Libya, Sudan, United Arab Emirates and Jordan) from June 2020 to December 2021. Transcripts were analyzed using NVivo 12 Software. RESULTS A total of 100 participants, 44 males and 56 females, of different age groups (37.1 ± 11.56 years) were interviewed. Findings revealed six themes as enablers and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. Many participants indicated trusting the vaccines, the healthcare systems, and the vaccination policies were the main driver to get the vaccine. Participants showed concerns towards potential long-term vaccine effects. A consistent inclination towards collective responsibility, which is the willingness to protect others by own vaccination, was also reported. CONCLUSION Enablers and barriers of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in the Arab region, from sociocultural and political perspectives, are critical to guide policymakers in designing target-oriented interventions that can improve vaccine acceptance.
Collapse
Key Words
- Arab Countries
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- ECDC, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- GDP, Gross Domestic Product
- HCWs, Health care workers
- KSA, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
- LMIC, Low- and middle-income countries
- PI, Principal investigator
- Qualitative
- SAGE
- SAGE, Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization
- SARS-CoV-2
- UAE, United Arab Emirates
- US, United States
- VH, Vaccine hesitancy
- Vaccine acceptance
- Vaccine hesitancy
- WHO, World Health Organization
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Yacoub
- English Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omar Ahmed Reyad
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology Clinical Pharmacy Department, Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Shawky Abdou
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi
- Department of Public Health, Medical Research Office, Sudanese Medical Research Association, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bayan F Ababneh
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bayan Abu Hamada
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider M El Saeh
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Nancy Ali
- Department of Communication and Media, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Azhar T Rahma
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Almeshari M, Abanomy A, Alzamil Y, Alyahyawi A, Al-Thomali AW, Alshihri AA, Althomali OW. Public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among residents of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional online study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058180. [PMID: 36316076 PMCID: PMC9627574 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is essential for protecting the world population and stopping the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aimed to measure public acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination and the factors that may play an important role in increasing the acceptance of vaccinations in future pandemics. DESIGN A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted through a survey designed using the Google Forms platform. In this study, a logistic regression analysis was used to study and detect the variables linked to the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. To meet inclusion criteria, participants had to be 18 years or older at the time of collecting the data, reside in Saudi Arabia at the time of the survey, agree to the consent form and be able to complete the survey in Arabic. SETTING Randomly selected residents of Saudi Arabia. NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS 1658. RESULTS In general, the population of Saudi Arabia is supportive of the COVID-19 vaccine (72.0%) and has one of the highest acceptance rates, according to global studies. We found that men (OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.97) were less likely to hesitate with regard to taking the vaccine, whereas previously infected individuals were more likely to hesitate (OR 1.77; 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.50). Those with a lower monthly income (<3000 Saudi riyal) were more likely to refuse the vaccine (OR 3.54; 95% CI: 1.81 to 6.91), while those living in cities (OR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.99) and the unemployed (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.83) were less likely to refuse it. Participants' history of viral infection and trust in the healthcare system were found to be important factors in the public's acceptance of the vaccine. CONCLUSION In general, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination is high in Saudi Arabia. Several factors have shown a method for predicting those who might reject the vaccine or hesitate to take it; thus, the healthcare system should target those residents throughout the campaign. Based on the conclusions of the current research, the acceptance of vaccinations could be increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Asma W Al-Thomali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alshihri
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar W Althomali
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Romate J, Rajkumar E, Gopi A, Abraham J, Rages J, Lakshmi R, Jesline J, Bhogle S. What Contributes to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy? A Systematic Review of the Psychological Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111777. [PMID: 36366286 PMCID: PMC9698528 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy plays a crucial role in worldwide pandemic-control efforts. The multifaceted nature of vaccine hesitancy entails many psychological factors that are widely discussed in the literature, although few studies specifically compile these factors. Thus, this systematic review aims to synthesize the psychological factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. As per the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, PsycNET, and Web of Science, and a manual search was conducted on Google Scholar. Out of the 2289 articles obtained, 79 studies that met the inclusion criteria were deemed eligible for the review. The findings highlight appraisals of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine safety and side effects, vaccine confidence/trust, trust in government and healthcare professionals, scepticism around vaccine production, conspiracy beliefs, emotions, and information and knowledge about the vaccine as the major psychological factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. Concerningly, misinformation on COVID-19 vaccination spread through social media platforms, increasing vaccine hesitancy. Recommendations for government authorities, healthcare professionals, and implications for future research are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Romate
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, India
| | - Eslavath Rajkumar
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Aswathy Gopi
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, India
| | - John Abraham
- St. John’s Medical College, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - John Rages
- Government College of Teacher Education, Calicut 673004, India
| | - R. Lakshmi
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, India
| | - Joshy Jesline
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, India
| | - Sudha Bhogle
- Psychology & Head, Student Solutions, Eduquity Career Technologies, Bangalore 560095, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tan J, Yoshida Y, Sheng-Kai Ma K, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lee CC. Gender differences in health protective behaviours and its implications for COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1900. [PMID: 36224561 PMCID: PMC9554846 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces more severe symptoms and a higher mortality in men than in women. The role of biological sex in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is believed to explain this sex disparity. However, the contribution of gender factors that influence health protective behaviors and therefore health outcomes, remains poorly explored. Methods We assessed the contributions of gender in attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic, using a hypothetical influenza pandemic data from the 2019 Taiwan Social Change Survey. Participants were selected through a stratified, three-stage probability proportional-to-size sampling from across the nation, to fill in questionnaires that asked about their perception of the hypothetical pandemic, and intention to adopt health protective behaviors. Results A total of 1,990 participants (median age = 45·92 years, 49% were women) were included. Significant gender disparities (p < .001) were observed. The risk perception of pandemic (OR = 1·28, 95% CI [1·21 − 1·35], p < .001), older age (OR = 1·06, 95% CI [1·05 − 1·07], p < .001), female gender (OR = 1·18, 95% CI [1·09-1·27], p < .001), higher education (OR = 1·10, 95% CI [1·06 − 1·13], p < .001), and larger family size (OR = 1·09, 95% CI [1·06 − 1·15], p < .001) were positively associated with health protective behaviors. The risk perception of pandemic (OR = 1·25, 95% CI [1·15 − 1·36]), higher education (OR = 1·07, 95% CI [1·02 − 1·13], p < .05), being married (OR = 1·17, 95% CI [1·01–1·36, p < .05), and larger family size (OR = 1·33, 95% CI [1·25 − 1·42], p < .001), were positively associated with intention to receive a vaccine. However, female gender was negatively associated with intention to receive a vaccine (OR = 0·85, 95% CI [0·75 − 0·90], p < ·01) and to comply with contact-tracing (OR = 0·95, 95% CI [0·90 − 1·00], p < .05) compared to men. Living with children was also negatively associated with intention to receive vaccines (OR = 0·77, 95% CI [0·66 − 0·90], p < .001). Conclusion This study unveils gender differences in risk perception, health protective behaviors, vaccine hesitancy, and compliance with contact-tracing using a hypothetical viral pandemic. Gender-specific health education raising awareness of health protective behaviors may be beneficial to prevent future pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14288-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tan
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yilin Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Southeast Louisiana VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Askarian M, Fu LY, Taghrir MH, Borazjani R, Shayan Z, Taherifard E, Taherifard E, Akbarialiabad H, Longtin Y, Askarian A, Kavousi S. COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in Iran, a Nationwide Survey on Factors Associated with the Willingness toward Getting Vaccinated. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 36452471 PMCID: PMC9704476 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_261_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the name of extensive vaccine uptake, understanding the public's attitude, perception, and intent toward COVID-19 vaccination is a significant challenge for public health officials. METHODS A cross-sectional survey via an online questionnaire rooted in the Health Belief Model and Integrated Behavioral Model was conducted to evaluate COVID-19 vaccination intent and its associated factors. Factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression were operated to be satisfactory. RESULTS Among the 4,933 respondents, 24.7% were health care workers, and 64.2% intended to accept COVID-19 vaccination. The adjusted odds (aOR) of COVID-19 vaccination intent was higher for individuals with greater exposure to social norms supportive of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 3.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 2.71, 3.47) and higher perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI = 2.49, 3.38). The adjusted odds of vaccination intent were lower for individuals with greater COVID-19 vaccine safety concerns (aOR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.25, 0.31). Lower vaccination intent was also associated with increasing age ((aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98, 0.999), female sex (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.88), and working in the health care field (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.9). CONCLUSIONS The odds of COVID-19 vaccination intent were higher three or more times among those with a greater belief in vaccine effectiveness, lower concerns about vaccine safety, and greater exposure to cues to vaccinate, including from doctors. This last finding is concerning as vaccine acceptance was surprisingly lower among health care workers compared to others. The remarkable results of factor analysis and reliability of the questionnaire may encourage local health authorities to apply it to their regional population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Askarian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
- Health Behavior Science Research Center, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Linda Y. Fu
- General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Taghrir
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roham Borazjani
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shayan
- Trauma Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Taherifard
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Erfan Taherifard
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbarialiabad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yves Longtin
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ardalan Askarian
- Student, College of Arts & Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Shahin Kavousi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review In 2019, vaccine hesitancy (VH) was named as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization (WHO). We highlight the factors affecting VH, the role of VH in limiting vaccine uptake and inability to achieve collective immunity, and possible solutions. Recent Findings There are still uncertainties and concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccines, which promote VH and undermine public confidence in immunization. WHO has designed the behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) tools and survey instruments that can be used by countries to assess reasons for poor vaccine uptake in childhood for COVID-19 and plan national vaccination programs to counter these misconceptions. Summary Vaccines are one of the best preventative measures that public health care has to offer. Evidence from across the world both in high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) show that VH is a significant phenomenon which is translating into geographical clustering of epidemics. A reasonably high acceptance and coverage rates are necessary for an immunization program to be successful. A context-specific and multifactorial intervention with more high-quality research is needed globally.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rodríguez-Blanco N, Vicente-Alcalde N, Cubero-Plazas L, Sánchez-Más J, Montagud E, Moragues R, Gabaldón-Bravo E, Hurtado-Sanchez JA, Tuells J. Acceptability of the Vaccine against COVID-19 in Spanish Health Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12244. [PMID: 36231545 PMCID: PMC9566371 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals must play an exemplary role in the field of vaccinology. It is convenient that they are trained during their time at university. The objective of this study was to determine the acceptability of the vaccines against COVID-19 in health sciences students in Spanish universities. A cross-sectional study was performed regarding the acceptance of the vaccines against COVID-19 in students in the Health Sciences Degrees in Spanish universities was performed on a sample of students of nursing, medicine, and pharmacy during the spring of 2021, via an online questionnaire with 36 questions designed ad hoc, self-administered, anonymized, and standardized. There were 1222 students participating, of Spanish nationality (97.4%), women (80.5%) and with an average age of 22.0 ± 4.8 years old. Of those, 12.3% had had the disease, 44.0% had to quarantine, 70.8% had undergone diagnostic tests, out of which 14.1% were positive. In total, 97.5% of those surveyed indicated their desire of being vaccinated, if possible, with Comirnaty® (74.9%). At the time of the study, 49.6% were already vaccinated. The reasons for vaccination differed according to the degree and the doubts about vaccine safety was the largest reason for reluctance. Some 37.7% suspected that there are unknown adverse effects and 85.6% of those vaccinated experienced some mild effects after injection. Vaccine acceptance and confidence in the recommendations given by health authorities is high in health sciences students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Rodríguez-Blanco
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Health Sciences Faculty, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Plaza Reyes Católicos, 19, 03204 Elche, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marina Baixa University Hospital, Av. Alcalde En Jaume Botella Mayor, 7, 03570 Villajoyosa, Spain
| | - Nancy Vicente-Alcalde
- Penitentiary Center Alicante II, General Secretariat of Penitentiary Institutions, 03400 Villena, Spain
| | - Laura Cubero-Plazas
- Departament of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Espartero 7, 46007 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Más
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Faculty, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Plaza Reyes Católicos, 19, 03204 Elche, Spain
| | - Emilia Montagud
- Servicio de Farmacia de Atención Primaria, Departamento de Salud de Torrevieja, 03186 Torrevieja, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raul Moragues
- Center of Operations Research (CIO), University Miguel Hernandez of Elche (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Gabaldón-Bravo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | | | - José Tuells
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nuwarda RF, Ramzan I, Weekes L, Kayser V. Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101595. [PMID: 36298459 PMCID: PMC9612044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, despite being recognized as one of the most effective primary public health measures, is viewed as unsafe and unnecessary by an increasing number of individuals. Anxiety about vaccines and vaccination programs leading to vaccine hesitancy results from a complex mix of social and political influences, cultural and religious beliefs, the availability of and ability to interpret health and scientific information, and personal and population experiences of health systems and government policies. Vaccine hesitancy is becoming a serious threat to vaccination programs, and was identified as one of the World Health Organization’s top ten global health threats in 2019. The negative impact of anti-vaccination movements is frequently cited as one of the major reasons for rising vaccine hesitancy amongst the general public world-wide. This review discusses the various issues surrounding vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement, starting with the definitions of vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement in their early history and in the modern era, before discussing the key drivers of vaccine hesitancy, particularly across different regions of the world, with a focus on various countries with low-, middle-, or high-income economies with different socio-economic populations. The review concludes with the impact of vaccine hesitancy on herd immunity and social, psychological, and public health measures to counter vaccine hesitancy.
Collapse
|
35
|
Preventable Disease, the Case of Colorado: School District Demographics and Childhood Immunizations. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101579. [PMID: 36298445 PMCID: PMC9607491 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of selected sociodemographic factors on childhood vaccination hesitancy and to define their role according to specific exemptions. This population-based cohort study utilized vaccination rate and sociodemographic data from 1st to 12th grade from 2017 to 2021 for all school districts in Colorado. Data included immunization status and exemptions for each vaccine, race, ethnicity, and free and reduced meal status. Data were evaluated through dimensional analysis and Generalized Linear Mixed Models. School districts with a higher representation of White students had lower immunization rates and use more personal exemptions while school districts with larger Hispanic populations and higher proportions of free and reduced lunches had higher vaccination rates and used more religious exemptions. Black and Pacific Islander populations had higher rates of incomplete vaccination records while Asian American population displayed increased vaccination compliance. Colorado is a robust example of how socioeconomic and cultural differences are important factors with a direct influence on vaccination rates. Future childhood vaccination campaigns and legislation should consider complex socioeconomic and cultural factors.
Collapse
|
36
|
Van Nguyen D, Nguyen PH. Social media and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy: mediating role of the COVID-19 vaccine perception. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10575. [PMID: 36120496 PMCID: PMC9468295 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals' COVID-19 vaccination behaviors were examined when the government introduced a new vaccine into the immunization program. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly examine the effects of COVID-19 risk perception (CR), COVID-19 vaccination perception (VC), and Social Media (SO) on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (HE) in Vietnam. Three hundred fifty samples were collected regarding a reluctance to vaccinate against COVID-19 from 6/2021 to 7/2021. This is when immunizations are administered and injected in Vietnam; hence, hesitation regarding injection is rather prevalent. Multivariate regression analysis is conducted on a dataset of 350 Vietnamese respondents using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The main results indicated that the Perception Vaccine functions as a link between VC and HE. CR has a positive effect on both HE and VC; whereas VC has a negative impact on HE. Simultaneously, the study illustrates the detrimental effect of SO on immunity by comparing it to the influence of social media. The study's findings also demonstrated the critical role of protection motivational theory (PMT) and information theory in promoting vaccination efforts in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duy Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Phi-Hung Nguyen
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shahani R, Chu J, Rufai OH, Zawar A, Muhideen S, Dilawar S, Amosun TS. Understanding the Role of Psychosocial Factors in Pakistani Parents' Hesitancy to Vaccinate Their Kids: The Mediating Role of Knowledge and Mistrust of Science about the COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081260. [PMID: 36016148 PMCID: PMC9413987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a vital component in the battle against outbreaks of infectious diseases. Recognizing parents’ reluctance to vaccinate their children is even more critical now, given the ongoing threat of a COVID-19 pandemic. Conspiracy theories, vaccination safety concerns, parental efficacy and risk perception, and a lack of confidence in science all influence intention. To investigate how these variables interact with vaccination behavior against COVID-19, we developed a model with psychosocial factors serving as the predictor and mistrust in science and vaccine knowledge serving as the mediator. In order to validate the model, the parents’ intentions regarding their children’s vaccination with COVID-19 were used. The study included 454 Pakistani parents who completed an online questionnaire assessing their intention to vaccinate their children. We analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). A significant level of vaccine hesitation is due to belief in vaccine conspiracy theories, and vaccine safety concerns were investigated. A surprising correlation exists between risk perception and vaccination intentions, followed by parental self-efficacy. It is significant to note that vaccine knowledge mediated conspiracy beliefs, risk perceptions, and intentions fully but partially mediated parental self-efficacy. Conspiracy theories were mediated by a mistrust in science, while perceptions of risk and vaccine safety were partially mediated. The findings of this research were used to develop sensible policy reforms and public health campaigns to encourage vaccination against both common infections such as measles, human papillomaviruses, or pertussis, and novel diseases such as COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Shahani
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Jianxun Chu
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Olayemi Hafeez Rufai
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Asma Zawar
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Sayibu Muhideen
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Sana Dilawar
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Tunde Simeon Amosun
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
SIANI ALESSANDRO, CARTER ISABELLE, MOULTON FLORENCE. Political views and science literacy as indicators of vaccine confidence and COVID-19 concern. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E257-E269. [PMID: 35968072 PMCID: PMC9351406 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The distrust, delay and refusal of vaccinations represent serious threats to global public health. As demonstrated by the dramatic worldwide impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, adequate vaccine coverage against infectious diseases is essential towards the preservation and function of virtually every aspect of our society. While the determinants of vaccine hesitancy and pandemic concern have been widely investigated, conflicting evidence exists with regards to their association with education levels and political views. Methods This study aimed to investigate whether science literacy levels and standpoint on social and economic matters are associated with different levels of vaccine confidence and COVID-19 concern. An online survey was circulated amongst participants recruited via convenience sampling, and data were analysed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results The survey (n = 389) highlighted that participants who studied Science at General Certificate of Secondary Education level have a lower vaccine confidence than those with both lower and higher levels of science education. Participants with neutral/centrist political views expressed lower confidence than those with a libertarian social stance or a left-wing economic stance. A higher concern with the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower levels of science education, libertarian social views, and left-wing economic views. Conclusions The present study provides novel insight on the educational and political factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and pandemic concern within a British population sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ALESSANDRO SIANI
- Correspondence: Alessandro Siani, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1 Street, PO1 2DY Portsmouth (UK). Tel.: +44 2392842025 - E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Perception of COVID-19 Booster Dose Vaccine among Healthcare Workers in India and Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158942. [PMID: 35897309 PMCID: PMC9332579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 vaccines were made available to the public by the end of 2020. However, little is known about COVID-19 booster dose (CBD) vaccine perception among healthcare workers (HCW) worldwide. The present study aims to assess the perception of CBD vaccines among healthcare workers in India and Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in two countries, India and SA. Data were gathered through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. A convenience sampling technique was utilized to collect the data. Results: A total of 833 HCW responses were collected from the two countries, with 530 participants from India and 303 participants from SA responding to the questionnaire. Among them, 16% from India and 33% from SA were unwilling to take a CBD (p < 0.005). The primary reasons for not being willing were concerns about whether the vaccine would be effective (32%) and concerns about probable long-term side effects (31%). Concerns about not knowing enough about the vaccination (30%) and the possibility of long-term side effects (28%) were the primary concerns in SA. Regression analysis showed that males, urban residents, and post-graduates were more willing to take the CBD. Conclusion: There is a good perception of CBD and some hesitancy in receiving the booster dose among HCWs in both countries. The introduction of personalized education, risk communication, and deliberate policy could help to reduce the number of people who are unwilling to take a booster shot.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cristea D, Zamfirache I, Zamfirescu RG. Vaccination against COVID-19 in Europe: A Typology Based on Cluster Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148603. [PMID: 35886456 PMCID: PMC9317846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify a general typology for the EU27, and subsequently in Romania, regarding the hesitation, acceptance and refusal of vaccination against COVID-19. The analysis we propose below is based on the information contained in Eurobarometer 94.3, the data of which were collected at the beginning of most of the national vaccination campaigns in Europe. Based on the attitudes and opinions expressed by the respondents of the European states (EU27), we constructed with the help of the cluster k-means (SPSS) statistical analysis a typology with four categories on the subject of vaccination against COVID-19. Our study proposes a matrix with five items/scenarios on a scale from total agreement to total disagreement. We chose a typology with four attitudinal types (clusters). We subsequently compared the results of the general European analysis with the cluster typology resulting from the same Eurobarometer, the same set of questions, only for the case of Romania, to see if this analysis sheds a specific light on the fact that Romania had a very low vaccination rate compared to other EU Member States.
Collapse
|
41
|
Akel KB, Noppert GA, Rajamoorthy Y, Lu Y, Singh A, Harapan H, Chang HY, Zhang F, Shih SF, Wagner AL. A study of COVID-19 vaccination in the US and Asia: The role of media, personal experiences, and risk perceptions. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000734. [PMID: 36962371 PMCID: PMC10021344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity to assess the relationship between personal experiences and vaccine decision-making. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between experiences with COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination status. We administered 28 repeated cross-sectional, online surveys between June 2020 and June 2021 in the US and Asia. The main exposure was media showing COVID-19 cases, and we distinguished those with no such experience, those seeing a not severe case of disease, and those seeing a severe case of disease. Logistic regression models estimated the association between experience and acceptance of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine (pre-rollout) or actual vaccination (post-rollout). We explored perceived susceptibility as a potential mediator. Intent to vaccinate was lowest in the US and Taiwan, and highest in India, Indonesia, and China. Across all countries, seeing a severe case of COVID-19 in the media was associated with 1.72 times higher odds of vaccination intent in 2020 (95% CI: 1.46, 2.02) and 2.13 times higher odds of vaccination in 2021 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.67), compared to those not seeing a case or a less severe case. Perceived susceptibility was estimated to mediate 25% of the relationship with hypothetical vaccination (95% CI: 18%, 31%, P<0.0001), and 16% of the relationship with actual vaccination 16% (95% CI: 12%, 19%, P<0.0001). Seriousness of experiences could relate to intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Media exposures are a modifiable experience, and this study highlights how this experience can relate to risk perceptions and eventual vaccination, across a variety of countries where the course of the pandemic differed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B. Akel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Grace A. Noppert
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, St. Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yogambigai Rajamoorthy
- Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Department of Economics, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yihan Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Awnish Singh
- National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation Secretariat, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tsunami & Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hao-Yuan Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Felicia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shu-Fang Shih
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Abram L. Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among adult chronic patients. A cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269942. [PMID: 35819959 PMCID: PMC9275707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with pre-existing chronic diseases are more likely to acquire COVID-19 infections, which can be fatal, and die from COVID-19 illness. COVID-19 vaccination will benefit those at a higher risk of developing complications and dying from the disease. This study aimed to determine chronic patients’ willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence their willingness. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 adult chronic patients in the University of Gondar specialized hospital outpatient departments. The participants were chosen using systematic random sampling methods with an interval of 5. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from eligible respondents. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were used for the data entry data analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the dependent and independent factors. An odds ratio with 95 percent confidence intervals and a P-value was used to determine the association’s strength and statistical significance. Result Out of 401 respondents, 219 (54.6%) with [95% CI (49.7–59.5%)] of study participants were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Being a healthcare worker (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.24–6.96), Lost family members or friends due to COVID-19 (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.21–5.00), good knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.37–4.33), favorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = .8.56 95% CI: 4.76–15.38), perceived suitability of the COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.62–5.33) and perceived benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.31), were found to be a significant association with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among chronic patients. Conclusion This study confirms that around 55% of adult chronic patients were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Providing health education for chronic patients to emphasize the knowledge and attitude of the COVID-19 vaccine and raise patients’ perceived risk of COVID-19 and the benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine could be recommended to improve their willingness to COVID-19 vaccination.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abdullah M, Shahait AD, Qaisieh R, Al-Ramahi M, Bader G, AbuRajab MO, Haddad TA, Al-Omari AY, Bani Issa MS, Bader T, Bani Ahmad S, Hani H, Hani H, AlNsour AA, Abdin B, Wleidat R. Perspectives on COVID-19 Vaccines and Its Hesitancy Among Jordanian Population. Cureus 2022; 14:e26337. [PMID: 35911329 PMCID: PMC9315990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the spread of the COVID-19 virus, governments are putting significant resources into ending the pandemic. Vaccination arises as the best solution to get back to our everyday lives. However, we are now facing vaccine hesitancy, which is a critical problem. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 15, 2020, and March 1, 2021, using a validated online-based questionnaire; participants were compared using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program based on multiple factors. Results A total of 1607 participants throughout Jordan have responded to the questionnaire, among which 880 (54.8%) have bachelor's degrees, 236 (14.7%) have a high educational level (master and doctoral), and 491 (30.5%) have a diploma or less. Although this is a non-probable sample, it is not a representative sample as, according to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), only 33.6% of the Jordan population have a tertiary education. Overall, 892 (55.5%) of the studied subjects had the intention to take the vaccine, distributed as follows: 156 (66.1%) of the high educational participants wanted to take the vaccine, compared to 512 (58.2%) of those who have bachelor’s degree and 224 (45.6%) of those who have diploma or less (p < 0.001). Reading scientific articles talking about the vaccines and their effects (55.6%, p < 0.001), knowing the mechanism of action (45.2%, p = 0.007), getting proper medical advice (27.2%, p < 0.001), encouraged by the increasing number of infections and deaths (39.7%, p < 0.001), and the number of people who received the vaccine (16.1%, p < 0.001) were the most critical factors that played a role in taking the vaccine by all of the studied groups. Male gender (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.54-2.64; p < 0.001), high income of more than 1000 JDs (1400 USD) (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 2.21-4.71; p < 0.001), having an educational level of either high education (OR = 3.39; 95% CI = 2.07-5.55; p < 0.001) or bachelor degree (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.25-2.24; p = 0.001), and being encouraged by the increasing number of infections and deaths caused by COVID-19 (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.46-2.66; p < 0.001) were all significantly associated with the willingness to take the vaccine. Conclusion As the world rushes toward vaccination to end the pandemic, efforts are needed to end this phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy by enlightening people with the precise knowledge regarding the vaccine's mechanism of action, side effects, and efficacy focusing mainly on people with lower educational levels.
Collapse
|
44
|
Countering vaccine hesitancy through medical expert endorsement. Vaccine 2022; 40:4635-4643. [PMID: 35750542 PMCID: PMC9217084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Scientists and medical experts are among the professionals trusted the most. Are they also the most suitable figures to convince the general public to get vaccinated? In a pre-registered experiment, we tested whether expert endorsement increases the effectiveness of debunking messages about COVID-19 vaccines. We monitored a sample of 2,277 people in Italy through a longitudinal study along the salient phases of the vaccination campaign. Participants received a series of messages endorsed by either medical researchers (experimental group) or by generic others (control). In order to minimise demand effects, we collected participants’ responses always at ten days from the last debunking message. Whereas we did not find an increase in vaccination behaviour, we found that participants in the experimental group displayed higher intention to vaccinate, as well as more positive beliefs about the protectiveness of vaccines. The more debunking messages the participants received, the greater the increase in vaccination intention in the experimental group compared to control. This suggests that multiple exposure is critical for the effectiveness of expert-endorsed debunking messages. In addition, these effects are significant regardless of participants’ trust toward science. Our results suggest that scientist and medical experts are not simply a generally trustworthy category but also a well suited messenger in contrasting disinformation during vaccination campaigns.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hassen HD, Welde M, Menebo MM. Understanding determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy; an emphasis on the role of religious affiliation and individual's reliance on traditional remedy. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1142. [PMID: 35672720 PMCID: PMC9172606 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The damage COVID-19 has caused interms of mortalities, economic breakdown and social disruption is immense. The COVID-19 vaccine has been one of the efficient prevention strategies so far in preventing the pandemic. However, the publics’ hesitancy towards vaccines has enormously affected this task. With emerging research findings indicating that a substantial proportion of adults are hesitant about a vaccine for COVID-19, important work that identifies and describes vaccine hesitant individuals is required to begin to understand and address this problem. Objective This study assessed public attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccine and identified important factors that lead to its hesitancy. Methods A web and paper-based cross-sectional survey study was conducted from July 31 to August 12, 2021. The study participants are staffs and students at Jimma University. A total of 358 participants were selected using stratified simple random sampling and requested to fill a survey questionnaire. Binomial logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results Half of the participants were found to be hesitant to COVID-19 vaccine. The odds of becoming vaccine hesitant among middle income was two times more than those with lower income (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.05–4.5). Furthermore, respondent’s extent of exposure was associated with vaccine hesitancy with the odds of becoming vaccine hesitant among those whose source of COVID-19 information is from four media sources (Social Media, Mass Media, Health care worker and Friends/family/Neighbor) being 74% lower (AOR .26, 95% CI .09–.69) than those with one media source. Concern towards vaccine side effect, vaccine effectiveness and having the belief to treat COVID-19 with traditional remedies were found to increase the odds of becoming vaccine hesitant by 31%, 42% and 37% respectively. Moreover, the association between side-effect concern and vaccine hesitancy was moderated by participant’s religious affiliation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13485-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Defar Hassen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Mengistu Welde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mesay Moges Menebo
- Department of Business and IT, School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Campus Bø, Notodden, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ortiz-Martínez Y, López-López MÁ, Ruiz-González CE, Turbay-Caballero V, Sacoto DH, Caldera-Caballero M, Bravo H, Sarmiento J, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV/AIDS from Latin America. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:652-659. [PMID: 35487200 PMCID: PMC9066237 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221091752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has established some risk factors for an increased risk of severe disease and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the impact of HIV infection on SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity is a significant gap in the literature. In the same way, not many studies across the globe have analyzed the degree of vaccination willingness among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and considerations regarding prioritizing this population during vaccination plans, particularly in developing countries. METHODS A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Self-completed electronic surveys directed to PLWHA were performed via Twitter in February 2021, using accounts of HIV activists. RESULTS 460 (87.1%) participants were willing to be vaccinated with any COVID-19 vaccine. The reasons for that were listed as 1) the belief that vaccination prevents both the COVID-19 infection (81.3%) as well as being a spreader (52.2%); 2) having a high occupational risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 (22%); and 3) the belief that they would be at high risk of death because of COVID-19 (21.3%). Only 56 (10.6%) participants expressed hesitancy toward vaccination, and 12 (2.2%) stated they did not want to get vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Our results may support the prioritization of people living with HIV during the implementation of vaccination plans in developing countries. New strategies should be adopted to overcome the hesitancy and unwillingness toward the COVID-19 vaccination, especially in populations with risk factors for severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeimer Ortiz-Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, 469618Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, 28000Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos E Ruiz-González
- Department of Internal Medicine, 469618Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Daniel H Sacoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 27892Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador.,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Heyman Bravo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 28000Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia
| | - Jheinner Sarmiento
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 28000Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, 146887Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Asri A, Asri V, Renerte B, Föllmi-Heusi F, Leuppi JD, Muser J, Nüesch R, Schuler D, Fischbacher U. Which hospital workers do (not) want the jab? Behavioral correlates of COVID-19 vaccine willingness among employees of Swiss hospitals. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268775. [PMID: 35617200 PMCID: PMC9135270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In many countries, the current vaccination rates are stagnating, to the extent that vaccine hesitancy—the delay or refusal to take recommended vaccinations—forms a major obstacle to ending the COVID-19 pandemic. This tendency is particularly concerning when observed among healthcare workers who are opinion leaders on medical matters for their patients and peers. Our study surveys 965 employees of two large Swiss hospitals and profiles vaccine-hesitant hospital employees using not only socio-demographic characteristics, but also a comprehensive set of standard behavioral preference measures: (i) Big-5 personality traits, (ii) risk-, time- and social preferences, and (iii) perceived prevailing social norms. Using multinomial probit models and linear probability models, we find that vaccine-hesitant hospital employees are less patient and less likely to perceive vaccination as the prevailing social norm—in addition to replicating previously published socio-demographic results. Our findings are robust to a range of model specifications, as well as individual and situational covariates. Our study thus offers actionable policy implications for tailoring public-health communications to vaccine-hesitant hospital employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Asri
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Viola Asri
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Baiba Renerte
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Föllmi-Heusi
- Spital Schwyz, Schwyz, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for International Economics and Applied Economic Research, University of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Joerg D. Leuppi
- Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Reto Nüesch
- Spital Schwyz, Schwyz, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Schuler
- Spital Schwyz, Schwyz, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischbacher
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Polašek O, Wazny K, Adeloye D, Song P, Chan KY, Bojude DA, Ali S, Bastien S, Becerra-Posada F, Borrescio-Higa F, Cheema S, Cipta DA, Cvjetković S, Castro LD, Ebenso B, Femi-Ajao O, Ganesan B, Glasnović A, He L, Heraud JM, Igwesi-Chidobe C, Iversen PO, Jadoon B, Karim AJ, Khan J, Biswas RK, Lanza G, Lee SWH, Li Y, Liang LL, Lowe M, Islam MM, Marušić A, Mshelia S, Manyara AM, Htay MNN, Parisi M, Peprah P, Sacks E, Akinyemi KO, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Sharov K, Rotarou ES, Stankov S, Supriyatiningsih W, Chan BTY, Tremblay M, Tsimpida D, Vento S, Glasnović JV, Wang L, Wang X, Ng ZX, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Campbell H, Chopra M, Cousens S, Krstić G, Macdonald C, Mansoori P, Patel S, Sheikh A, Tomlinson M, Tsai AC, Yoshida S, Rudan I. Research priorities to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health 2022; 12:09003. [PMID: 35475006 PMCID: PMC9010705 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.09003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to the functioning of societies and their health systems. Prior to the pandemic, health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were particularly stretched and vulnerable. The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) sought to systematically identify priorities for health research that would have the potential to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. Methods The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method was used to identify COVID-19-related research priorities. All ISoGH members were invited to participate. Seventy-nine experts in clinical, translational, and population research contributed 192 research questions for consideration. Fifty-two experts then scored those questions based on five pre-defined criteria that were selected for this exercise: 1) feasibility and answerability; 2) potential for burden reduction; 3) potential for a paradigm shift; 4) potential for translation and implementation; and 5) impact on equity. Results Among the top 10 research priorities, research questions related to vaccination were prominent: health care system access barriers to equitable uptake of COVID-19 vaccination (ranked 1st), determinants of vaccine hesitancy (4th), development and evaluation of effective interventions to decrease vaccine hesitancy (5th), and vaccination impacts on vulnerable population/s (6th). Health care delivery questions also ranked highly, including: effective strategies to manage COVID-19 globally and in LMICs (2nd) and integrating health care for COVID-19 with other essential health services in LMICs (3rd). Additionally, the assessment of COVID-19 patients’ needs in rural areas of LMICs was ranked 7th, and studying the leading socioeconomic determinants and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs using multi-faceted approaches was ranked 8th. The remaining questions in the top 10 were: clarifying paediatric case-fatality rates (CFR) in LMICs and identifying effective strategies for community engagement against COVID-19 in different LMIC contexts. Interpretation Health policy and systems research to inform COVID-19 vaccine uptake and equitable access to care are urgently needed, especially for rural, vulnerable, and/or marginalised populations. This research should occur in parallel with studies that will identify approaches to minimise vaccine hesitancy and effectively integrate care for COVID-19 with other essential health services in LMICs. ISoGH calls on the funders of health research in LMICs to consider the urgency and priority of this research during the COVID-19 pandemic and support studies that could make a positive difference for the populations of LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kerri Wazny
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, UK
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Kit Y Chan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lina D Castro
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bassey Ebenso
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Omolade Femi-Ajao
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Balasankar Ganesan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Anton Glasnović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Longtao He
- Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | - Bismeen Jadoon
- Egyptian Representative, Committee of Fellows of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford, UK, Royal Berkshire Hospital, NHS, UK
| | | | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - You Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Li-Lin Liang
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mat Lowe
- Society for the Study of Women's Health, Kanifing, The Gambia
| | | | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Mila NN Htay
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre/Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma Sacks
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | - Konstantin Sharov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liang Wang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Yuzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Zhi X Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mickey Chopra
- The World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Simon Cousens
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Goran Krstić
- International Society of Global Health, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum Macdonald
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Smruti Patel
- Editor, Journal of Global Health Reports, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vaccine Hesitancy. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022; 10:13-17. [PMID: 35382383 PMCID: PMC8972757 DOI: 10.1007/s40138-022-00243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Recent Findings Summary
Collapse
|
50
|
"On the last day of the last month, I will go": A qualitative exploration of COVID-19 vaccine confidence among Ivoirian adults. Vaccine 2022; 40:2028-2035. [PMID: 35181151 PMCID: PMC8831134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The authorization of several high-efficacy vaccines for use against the novel SARS-CoV2 virus signals a transition in the global COVID-19 response. Vaccine acceptance is critical for pandemic control and has a variety of context- specific drivers that operate at the individual, group, and sociopolitical levels. Social and behavior change interventions can influence individual knowledge, attitudes, and intentions as well as community norms to facilitate widespread vaccine uptake. While considerable research has been done to explore vaccine confidence in high-income populations as well as with respect to childhood vaccinations, much work remains to be done in understanding attitudes and intentions in low and middle income countries for adult or novel vaccines. We conducted in-depth interviews with individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 (n = 8), people who had lost a family member to COVID-19 (n = 4), and health providers (n = 17). We also conducted focus group discussions with members of the general population (n = 24 groups) to explore social norms and community perceptions related to COVID-19, including prevention behaviors, stigma, and vaccines. Researchers collected data in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, in November 2020. In considering whether to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine or not, individuals in the study weighed perceived risk of the vaccine against the severity of the disease. Perceived severity of rumored side effects or safety issues of vaccines were also a factor. Convenience was a secondary, albeit also important, consideration. While concerns about vaccine safety tended to produce an expressed intention to delay vaccination, conspiracy theories about those developing and promoting vaccines and their motives led people to say they would opt out entirely. Behavior change interventions must raise awareness and address misunderstandings about the purpose of vaccines, transparently communicate about vaccine safety and development processes, and engage trusted influencers to build an enabling environment for COVID-19 vaccine roll out.
Collapse
|