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Harrison T, Gibbs J, Winfree R. Forest bees are replaced in agricultural and urban landscapes by native species with different phenologies and life-history traits. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:287-296. [PMID: 28976620 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic landscapes are associated with biodiversity loss and large shifts in species composition and traits. These changes predict the identities of winners and losers of future global change, and also reveal which environmental variables drive a taxon's response to land use change. We explored how the biodiversity of native bee species changes across forested, agricultural, and urban landscapes. We collected bee community data from 36 sites across a 75,000 km2 region, and analyzed bee abundance, species richness, composition, and life-history traits. Season-long bee abundance and richness were not detectably different between natural and anthropogenic landscapes, but community phenologies differed strongly, with an early spring peak followed by decline in forests, and a more extended summer season in agricultural and urban habitats. Bee community composition differed significantly between all three land use types, as did phylogenetic composition. Anthropogenic land use had negative effects on the persistence of several life-history strategies, including early spring flight season and brood parasitism, which may indicate adaptation to conditions in forest habitat. Overall, anthropogenic communities are not diminished subsets of contemporary natural communities. Rather, forest species do not persist in anthropogenic habitats, but are replaced by different native species and phylogenetic lineages preadapted to open habitats. Characterizing compositional and functional differences is crucial for understanding land use as a global change driver across large regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Harrison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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9
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Carreño-Rocabado G, Peña-Claros M, Bongers F, Díaz S, Quetier F, Chuviña J, Poorter L. Land-use intensification effects on functional properties in tropical plant communities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:174-189. [PMID: 27039518 DOI: 10.1890/14-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is consensus that plant diversity and ecosystem processes are negatively affected by land-use intensification (LUI), but, at the same time, there is empirical evidence that a large heterogeneity can be found in the responses. This heterogeneity is especially poorly understood in tropical ecosystems. We evaluated changes in community functional properties across five common land-use types in the wet tropics with different land-use intensity: mature forest, logged forest, secondary forest, agricultural land, and pastureland, located in the lowlands of Bolivia. For the dominant plant species, we measured 12 functional response traits related to their life history, acquisition and conservation of resources, plant domestication, and breeding. We used three single-trait metrics to describe community functional properties: community abundance-weighted mean (CWM) traits values, coefficient of variation, and kurtosis of distribution. The CWM of all 12 traits clearly responded to LUI. Overall, we found that an increase in LUI resulted in communities dominated by plants with acquisitive leaf trait values. However, contrary to our expectations, secondary forests had more conservative trait values (i.e., lower specific leaf area) than mature and logged forest, probably because they were dominated by palm species. Functional variation peaked at intermediate land-use intensity (high coefficient of variation and low kurtosis), which included secondary forest but, unexpectedly, also agricultural land, which is an intensely managed system. The high functional variation of these systems is due to a combination of how response traits (and species) are filtered out by biophysical filters and how management practices introduced a range of exotic species and their trait values into the local species pool. Our results showed that, at local scales and depending on prevailing environmental and management practices, LUI does not necessarily result in communities with more acquisitive trait values or with less functional variation. Instead of the widely expected negative impacts of LUI on plant diversity, we found varying responses of functional variation, with possible repercussions on many ecosystem services. These findings provide a background for actively mitigating negative effects of LUI while meeting the needs of local communities that rely mainly on provisioning ecosystem services for their livelihoods.
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Newbold T, Hudson LN, Hill SLL, Contu S, Lysenko I, Senior RA, Börger L, Bennett DJ, Choimes A, Collen B, Day J, De Palma A, Díaz S, Echeverria-Londoño S, Edgar MJ, Feldman A, Garon M, Harrison MLK, Alhusseini T, Ingram DJ, Itescu Y, Kattge J, Kemp V, Kirkpatrick L, Kleyer M, Correia DLP, Martin CD, Meiri S, Novosolov M, Pan Y, Phillips HRP, Purves DW, Robinson A, Simpson J, Tuck SL, Weiher E, White HJ, Ewers RM, Mace GM, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis A. Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity. Nature 2015; 520:45-50. [PMID: 25832402 DOI: 10.1038/nature14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1325] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human activities, especially conversion and degradation of habitats, are causing global biodiversity declines. How local ecological assemblages are responding is less clear--a concern given their importance for many ecosystem functions and services. We analysed a terrestrial assemblage database of unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage to quantify local biodiversity responses to land use and related changes. Here we show that in the worst-affected habitats, these pressures reduce within-sample species richness by an average of 76.5%, total abundance by 39.5% and rarefaction-based richness by 40.3%. We estimate that, globally, these pressures have already slightly reduced average within-sample richness (by 13.6%), total abundance (10.7%) and rarefaction-based richness (8.1%), with changes showing marked spatial variation. Rapid further losses are predicted under a business-as-usual land-use scenario; within-sample richness is projected to fall by a further 3.4% globally by 2100, with losses concentrated in biodiverse but economically poor countries. Strong mitigation can deliver much more positive biodiversity changes (up to a 1.9% average increase) that are less strongly related to countries' socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Newbold
- 1] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
| | - Lawrence N Hudson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Samantha L L Hill
- 1] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Sara Contu
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Igor Lysenko
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Rebecca A Senior
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Dominic J Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Argyrios Choimes
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julie Day
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Adriana De Palma
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC) and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Melanie J Edgar
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Anat Feldman
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Morgan Garon
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Michelle L K Harrison
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Tamera Alhusseini
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Daniel J Ingram
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Yuval Itescu
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jens Kattge
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Straße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. [2] German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Kemp
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Lucinda Kirkpatrick
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Callum D Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Shai Meiri
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Novosolov
- Deptartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Drew W Purves
- Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
| | - Alexandra Robinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Jake Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sean L Tuck
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Evan Weiher
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54701, USA
| | - Hannah J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Robert M Ewers
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jörn P W Scharlemann
- 1] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Andy Purvis
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, London SL5 7PY, UK
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11
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Mokany K, Westcott DA, Prasad S, Ford AJ, Metcalfe DJ. Identifying priority areas for conservation and management in diverse tropical forests. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89084. [PMID: 24551222 PMCID: PMC3925232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The high concentration of the world’s species in tropical forests endows these systems with particular importance for retaining global biodiversity, yet it also presents significant challenges for ecology and conservation science. The vast number of rare and yet to be discovered species restricts the applicability of species-level modelling for tropical forests, while the capacity of community classification approaches to identify priorities for conservation and management is also limited. Here we assessed the degree to which macroecological modelling can overcome shortfalls in our knowledge of biodiversity in tropical forests and help identify priority areas for their conservation and management. We used 527 plant community survey plots in the Australian Wet Tropics to generate models and predictions of species richness, compositional dissimilarity, and community composition for all the 4,313 vascular plant species recorded across the region (>1.3 million communities (grid cells)). We then applied these predictions to identify areas of tropical forest likely to contain the greatest concentration of species, rare species, endemic species and primitive angiosperm families. Synthesising these alternative attributes of diversity into a single index of conservation value, we identified two areas within the Australian wet tropics that should be a high priority for future conservation actions: the Atherton Tablelands and Daintree rainforest. Our findings demonstrate the value of macroecological modelling in identifying priority areas for conservation and management actions within highly diverse systems, such as tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Mokany
- Ecosystem Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Westcott
- Ecosystem Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Atherton, QLD, Australia
| | - Soumya Prasad
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Andrew J. Ford
- Ecosystem Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Atherton, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Metcalfe
- Ecosystem Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
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