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Vazquez-Uribe R, Hedin KA, Licht TR, Nieuwdorp M, Sommer MOA. Advanced microbiome therapeutics as a novel modality for oral delivery of peptides to manage metabolic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00115-2. [PMID: 38782649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases calls for innovative treatments. Peptide-based drugs have transformed the management of conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Yet, challenges persist in oral delivery of these peptides. This review explores the potential of 'advanced microbiome therapeutics' (AMTs), which involve engineered microbes for delivery of peptides in situ, thereby enhancing their bioavailability. Preclinical work on AMTs has shown promise in treating animal models of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Outstanding challenges toward realizing the potential of AMTs involve improving peptide expression, ensuring predictable colonization control, enhancing stability, and managing safety and biocontainment concerns. Still, AMTs have potential for revolutionizing the treatment of metabolic diseases, potentially offering dynamic and personalized novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl Alex Hedin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Moses E, Atlan T, Sun X, Franek R, Siddiqui A, Marinov GK, Shifman S, Zucker DM, Oron-Gottesman A, Greenleaf WJ, Cohen E, Ram O, Harel I. The killifish germline regulates longevity and somatic repair in a sex-specific manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.18.572041. [PMID: 38187630 PMCID: PMC10769255 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Classical evolutionary theories propose tradeoffs between reproduction, damage repair, and lifespan. However, the specific role of the germline in shaping vertebrate aging remains largely unknown. Here, we use the turquoise killifish ( N. furzeri ) to genetically arrest germline development at discrete stages, and examine how different modes of infertility impact life-history. We first construct a comprehensive single-cell gonadal atlas, providing cell-type-specific markers for downstream phenotypic analysis. Next, we show that germline depletion - but not arresting germline differentiation - enhances damage repair in female killifish. Conversely, germline-depleted males instead showed an extension in lifespan and rejuvenated metabolic functions. Through further transcriptomic analysis, we highlight enrichment of pro-longevity pathways and genes in germline-depleted male killifish and demonstrate functional conservation of how these factors may regulate longevity in germline-depleted C. elegans . Our results therefore demonstrate that different germline manipulation paradigms can yield pronounced sexually dimorphic phenotypes, implying alternative responses to classical evolutionary tradeoffs.
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Kouvari M, Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Axarloglou E, Verrastro O, Papatheodoridis G, Mingrone G, George J, Mantzoros CS. Thyroid function, adipokines and mitokines in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A multi-centre biopsy-based observational study. Liver Int 2024; 44:848-864. [PMID: 38263703 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thyroid axis is currently under investigation as a therapeutic target in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Thyroid function was examined herein in the full spectrum of disease. METHODS Subjects were recruited and had liver biopsies in two Gastroenterology-Hepatology Clinics (Greece and Australia) and one Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery Clinic (Italy). The main working sample was n = 677 subjects with MASLD after excluding subjects with abnormal free thyroxine levels. Participants were classified according to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) standard criteria: Subclinical hyperthyroidism (<0.4 uIU/mL); Euthyroidism with relatively low (0.4 to <2.5 uIU/mL); euthyroidism with relatively high (2.5-4.0 uIU/mL); subclinical hypothyroidism (>4 uIU/mL). RESULTS TSH as a continuous variable was positively associated with significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and at-risk MASH. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with fibrosis F ≥ 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.47, 95% confident interval [CI] [1.50, 8.05], p = .02), MASH (OR = 3.44, 95% CI [1.48, 7.98] p = .001) and at-risk MASH (OR = 3.88, 95% CI [1.76, 8.55], p = .001), before and after controlling for adiposity, central obesity, and insulin resistance. When leptin, adiponectin, or growth differentiation factor-15 were examined as moderators, significance was lost. Sex-specific analysis revealed a strong association between TSH and the presence of significant fibrosis among women, eliminated only when adipokines/mitokines were adjusted for. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed associations between TSH and liver outcomes (p-values < .01) with inflection points for fibrosis F ≥ 2 being 2.49, for MASH being 2.67 and for at-risk MASH being 6.96. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide support for studies on the administration of thyroid hormone in MASLD therapeutics for subclinical hypothyroidism and liver-specific thyroid receptor agonists for subjects across the TSH continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evangelos Axarloglou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Georgios Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shiren Y, Jiangnan Y, Xinhua Y, Xinye N. Interpretable prediction model for assessing diabetes complication risks in Chinese sufferers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 209:111560. [PMID: 38316188 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS With growing concerns over complications in diabetes sufferers, this study sought to develop an interpretable machine learning model to offer enhanced diagnostic and treatment recommendations. METHODS We assessed coronary heart disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and fatty liver disease using logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and CatBoost algorithms. The SHAP algorithm was employed to elucidate the model's predictions, offering a more in-depth understanding of influential features. RESULTS The CatBoost model notably outperformed other algorithms in AUC, achieving an average AUC of 90.47 % for the four complications. Through SHAP analysis and visualization, we provided clear and actionable insights into risk factors, enabling better complication risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS We introduced an innovative, interpretable complication risk model for people with diabetes. This not only offers a potent tool for healthcare professionals but also empowers sufferers with clearer self-assessment capabilities, encouraging earlier preventive actions. Further studies will underscore the model's clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Shiren
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Ye Jiangnan
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ye Xinhua
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ni Xinye
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Yao H, Hu Y, Tong H, Shi S. Dimethylglycine Alleviates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Improving the Circulating Estrogen Level via Gut Staphylococcus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2708-2717. [PMID: 38131116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study screened out dietary 0.1% dimethylglycine (DMG), which had beneficial effects on egg production and fat deposition in laying hens during the late laying period. In this paper, it was further found that dietary DMG alleviated fatty liver disease and enhanced lipid deposited into the yolk while promoting hepatic lipid transport. There are intestinal estrogen-metabolizing bacteria (EBM) having β-glucuronase (GUS) activity that regulates the content of circulating estrogen (E2) in mammals. There were 39 related bacteria found in laying hens, and DMG increased E2 in blood, Staphylococcus abundance among EBM and GUS activity in cecum chyme. Interfered in situ, Staphylococcus with GUS activity was proved the target bacteria for DMG. Furthermore, E2 could modify hepatic lipid deposition through promoting lipid transport by the steatosis LMH model. These perspectives confirm that DMG, mediated by Staphylococcus, alleviates the restriction of hepatic lipid transport due to reduced levels of E2 in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
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Eroğlu İ, Iremli BG, Idilman IS, Yuce D, Lay I, Akata D, Erbas T. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Liver Fibrosis, and Utility of Noninvasive Scores in Patients With Acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e119-e129. [PMID: 37590020 PMCID: PMC10735300 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolical disorder and can lead to liver fibrosis. Because it is commonly seen, several noninvasive scores (NS) have been validated to identify high-risk patients. Patients with NAFLD have been shown to have higher serum angiopoietin-like protein-8 (ANGPTL-8) levels. OBJECTIVE The risk of NAFLD is known insufficiently in acromegaly. Moreover, the utility of the NS and the link between NAFLD and ANGPTL-8 in acromegaly is unknown. METHODS Thirty-two patients with acromegaly (n = 15, active [AA] and n = 17, controlled acromegaly [CA]) and 19 healthy controls were included. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) was used to evaluate hepatic steatosis, and magnetic resonance elastography to evaluate liver stiffness measurement. ANGPTL-8 levels were measured with ELISA. RESULTS Median liver MRI-PDFF and NAFLD prevalence in AA were lower than in CA (P = .026 and P < .001, respectively). Median magnetic resonance elastography-liver stiffness measurement were similar across groups. Of the NS, visceral adiposity index, fatty liver index, hepatic steatosis index, and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) all showed positive correlation with the liver MRI-PDFF in the control group. However, only TyG significantly correlated with liver fat in the AA and CA groups. There was no correlation between traditional NAFLD risk factors (body mass index, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue) and liver MRI-PDFF in the AA and CA. Patients with acromegaly with NAFLD had lower GH, IGF-1, and ANGPTL-8 levels than in those without NAFLD (P = .025, P = .011, and P = .036, respectively). CONCLUSION Active acromegaly may protect from NAFLD because of high GH. In patients with acromegaly, NAFLD risk cannot be explained with classical risk factors; hence, additional risk factors must be identified. TyG is the best score to evaluate NAFLD risk. Lower ANGPTL-8 in patients with acromegaly and NAFLD implies this hormone may be raised because of insulin resistance rather than being a cause for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- İmdat Eroğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcin Gonul Iremli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilkay S Idilman
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Akata
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
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Marino L, Kim A, Ni B, Celi FS. Thyroid hormone action and liver disease, a complex interplay. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00521. [PMID: 37535802 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone action is involved in virtually all physiological processes. It is well known that the liver and thyroid are intimately linked, with thyroid hormone playing important roles in de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation (fatty acid oxidation), cholesterol metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Clinical and mechanistic research studies have shown that thyroid hormone can be involved in chronic liver diseases, including alcohol-associated or NAFLD and HCC. Thyroid hormone action and synthetic thyroid hormone analogs can exert beneficial actions in terms of lowering lipids, preventing chronic liver disease and as liver anticancer agents. More recently, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that some analogs of thyroid hormone could also play a role in the treatment of liver disease. These synthetic molecules, thyromimetics, can modulate lipid metabolism, particularly in NAFLD/NASH. In this review, we first summarize the thyroid hormone signaling axis in the context of liver biology, then we describe the changes in thyroid hormone signaling in liver disease and how liver diseases affect the thyroid hormone homeostasis, and finally we discuss the use of thyroid hormone-analog for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Alliance Pharma, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Yang LJ, Zhou JZ, Zheng YF, Hu X, He ZY, Du LJ, Gu X, Huang XY, Li J, Li YQ, Pan LY, Zhang XX, Gu XJ. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with total testosterone in non-overweight/obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02006-6. [PMID: 36725809 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as both a vital risk factor and a consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Low total testosterone (TT) is common in men with T2DM, contributing to increased risks of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between TT levels and the prevalence of NAFLD in men with T2DM. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1005 men with T2DM were enrolled in National Metabolic Management Center (MMC) of First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2017 and August 2021. NAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasound as described by the Chinese Liver Disease Association. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 according to WHO BMI classifications. RESULTS Individuals without NAFLD had higher serum TT levels than those with NAFLD. After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the top tertile was significantly associated with lower prevalence of NAFLD compared with the bottom tertile of TT level [odds ratio (OR) 0.303, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.281-0.713; P < 0.001]. The association between TT with NAFLD in individuals with normal weight (OR 0.175, 95% CI 0.098-0.315; P < 0.001) was stronger than in individuals with overweight/obesity (OR 0.509, 95% CI 0.267-0.971; P = 0.040). There was a significant interaction of TT with overweight/obesity (P for interaction = 0.018 for NAFLD). CONCLUSION Higher serum TT was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD in men with T2DM. We found that the relationship of TT and NAFLD was stronger in individuals with non-overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J Z Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y F Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z Y He
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L J Du
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Q Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L Y Pan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X X Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X J Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Overview of Cellular and Soluble Mediators in Systemic Inflammation Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032313. [PMID: 36768637 PMCID: PMC9916753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries, affecting approximately 25% of the adult population. This condition encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by abnormal accumulation of fat in liver tissue (non-alcoholic fatty liver, NAFL) that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by the presence of liver inflammation and damage. The latter form often coexists with liver fibrosis which, in turn, may progress to a state of cirrhosis and, potentially, hepatocarcinoma, both irreversible processes that often lead to the patient's death and/or the need for liver transplantation. Along with the high associated economic burden, the high mortality rate among NAFLD patients raises interest, not only in the search for novel therapeutic approaches, but also in early diagnosis and prevention to reduce the incidence of NAFLD-related complications. In this line, an exhaustive characterization of the immune status of patients with NAFLD is mandatory. Herein, we attempted to gather and compare the current and relevant scientific evidence on this matter, mainly on human reports. We addressed the current knowledge related to circulating cellular and soluble mediators, particularly platelets, different leukocyte subsets and relevant inflammatory soluble mediators.
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Arefhosseini S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Najafipour F, Tutunchi H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across endocrinopathies: Interaction with sex hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032361. [PMID: 36419770 PMCID: PMC9676462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most frequent chronic liver disease globally. NAFLD is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and it has been recently suggested that to rename NAFLD as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). NAFLD has been studied in different endocrine axes and accumulating body of clinical and experimental studies have suggested that NAFLD is associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hypopituitarism, growth hormone deficiency (GHD), hypogonadism and other endocrine disorders. In fact, endocrine dysfunction may be considered as the major contributor for the development, progression, and severity of NAFLD. In the present comprehensive review, we discussed the epidemiological and clinical evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of NAFLD in endocrine disorders, with an emphasis on the effects of sex-specific hormones/conditions as well as molecular basis of NAFLD development in these endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Najafipour
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Obesity in Primary Care: A Case of Endocrine-Associated Conditions. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080718. [PMID: 36005590 PMCID: PMC9414490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In addition to lifestyle, endocrine hormones play a role in the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism. The most common endocrine hormones contributing to metabolic syndrome are alterations in the levels of thyroid hormones (THs, predominantly in subclinical hypothyroidism) and of sex hormones (in menopause). These hormonal changes influence hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism and may increase hepatic fat accumulation. This review compares the effects of sex hormones, THs and the respective stimulating hormones, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), on the development of hepatosteatosis. TSH and FSH may be more relevant to the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism than the peripheral hormones because metabolic changes were identified when only levels of the stimulating hormones were abnormal and the peripheral hormones were still in the reference range. Increased TSH and FSH levels appear to have additive effects on the development of NAFLD and to act independently from each other.
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Zhang XY, Yuan K, Fang YL, Wang CL. Growth hormone ameliorates hepatopulmonary syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis secondary to hypopituitarism in a child: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6211-6217. [PMID: 35949851 PMCID: PMC9254213 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i18.6211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor that usually develops in children; however, it is located in the center and close to sensitive structures, such as the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. As the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of anterior pituitary hormone synthesis, damage to the hypothalamus leads to multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, including hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). HPS has limited treatment and poor prognosis.
CASE SUMMARY A girl aged 13 years and 6 mo underwent surgery for craniopharyngioma 6 years prior. Right craniotomy was performed with total resection via the corpus callosum approach, and the tumor at the base was approximately 3.5 cm × 3.5 cm × 4.0 cm. At 1 year postoperatively, she exhibited abdominal distension and weakness, and the laboratory tests revealed fatty liver disease. Thereafter, she had not visited the outpatient clinic for 2 years. Two years ago, she developed decreased activity endurance, severe cyanosis, chest tightness, wheezing, and intermittent and recurrent low fever after mild physical labor. Hepatobiliary ultrasonography, liver biopsy, and contrast echocardiography of the right heart showed cirrhosis and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, indicating HPS. After 1 year of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone, the liver function and oxygenation improved; she did not undergo liver transplantation.
CONCLUSION Craniopharyngioma surgery can easily cause hypopituitarism, which can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and HPS in children. Early growth hormone therapy is important to improve the prognosis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Lan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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Von-Hafe M, Borges-Canha M, Vale C, Leite AR, Sérgio Neves J, Carvalho D, Leite-Moreira A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrine Axes—A Scoping Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040298. [PMID: 35448486 PMCID: PMC9026925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD often occurs associated with endocrinopathies. Evidence suggests that endocrine dysfunction may play an important role in NAFLD development, progression, and severity. Our work aimed to explore and summarize the crosstalk between the liver and different endocrine organs, their hormones, and dysfunctions. For instance, our results show that hyperprolactinemia, hypercortisolemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome seem to worsen NAFLD’s pathway. Hypothyroidism and low growth hormone levels also may contribute to NAFLD’s progression, and a bidirectional association between hypercortisolism and hypogonadism and the NAFLD pathway looks likely, given the current evidence. Therefore, we concluded that it appears likely that there is a link between several endocrine disorders and NAFLD other than the typically known type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). Nevertheless, there is controversial and insufficient evidence in this area of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Von-Hafe
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-918935390
| | - Catarina Vale
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Ana Rita Leite
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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A Novel 2-Hit Zebrafish Model to Study Early Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020479. [PMID: 35203687 PMCID: PMC8962409 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases in adults. NAFLD progresses from benign liver fat accumulation to liver inflammation and cirrhosis, and ultimately leads to liver failure. Although several rodent models have been established for studying NAFLD, they have limitations that include cost, speed of disease development, key dissimilarities, and poor amenability to pharmacological screens. Here, we present a novel 2-hit zebrafish model to replicate aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis. We fed zebrafish larvae a high-fat diet (HFD) to drive liver fat accumulation (first hit). Next, we exacerbated liver-specific inflammation using a transgenic line (fabp10-CETI-PIC3) that induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines following induction with doxycycline (second hit). These hits promoted fat accumulation and liver inflammation, as demonstrated by the high expression of inflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration, stress induction, and hepatic lipid droplet accumulation. Furthermore, zebrafish in this paradigm showed deranged glucose metabolism. To validate a small-molecule screening approach, we treated HFD-fed fish with pioglitazone, a drug shown to be beneficial for NAFLD in humans, and measured a sharp reduction in liver lipid accumulation. These results demonstrate new utility for zebrafish in modeling early NAFLD pathogenesis and demonstrate their feasibility for in vivo screening of new pharmacological interventions.
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16
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New insight of obesity-associated NAFLD: Dysregulated “crosstalk” between multi-organ and the liver? Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Song MJ, Choi JY. Androgen dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of sex hormone binding globulin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1053709. [PMID: 36482993 PMCID: PMC9722756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1053709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world. It is linked mainly to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome including obesity and dyslipidemia. In addition, various endocrine dysfunctions including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypogonadism are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. We need to know the disease pathophysiology more accurately due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentation of fatty liver disease. The liver is the major metabolic organ with sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism is associated not only with behavioral differences between men and women, but also with physiological differences reflected in liver metabolism. In men, normal androgen levels prevent hepatic fat accumulation, whereas androgen deficiency induce hepatic steatosis. In women, higher androgens can increase the risk of NAFLD in PCOS. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is involved in androgen regulation. Recently, SHBG may be reported as a surrogate marker for NAFLD. Therefore, this review will focus on the mechanism of androgen dysfunction in the regulation of hepatic metabolism, the risk of developing NAFLD, and the potential role of SHBG in the course of NAFLD.; Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, sexual dimorphism, androgen, sex hormone binding globulin.
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Hypothyroidism-Associated Dyslipidemia: Potential Molecular Mechanisms Leading to NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312797. [PMID: 34884625 PMCID: PMC8657790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones control lipid metabolism by exhibiting specific effects on the liver and adipose tissue in a coordinated manner. Different diseases of the thyroid gland can result in hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is frequently associated with dyslipidemia. Hypothyroidism-associated dyslipidemia subsequently results in intrahepatic accumulation of fat, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which leads to the development of hepatic insulin resistance. The prevalence of NAFLD in the western world is increasing, and evidence of its association with hypothyroidism is accumulating. Since hypothyroidism has been identified as a modifiable risk factor of NAFLD and recent data provides evidence that selective thyroid hormone receptor β (THR-β) agonists are effective in the treatment of dyslipidemia and NAFLD, interest in potential therapeutic options for NAFLD targeting these receptors is growing. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding clinical and molecular data exploring the association of hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia and NAFLD.
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19
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Main Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:7764817. [PMID: 34691178 PMCID: PMC8528616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7764817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological metabolic disease characterized by high ketone lipid based on abnormal lipid metabolism. Compared with patients with single T2DM or NAFLD, T2DM complicated with NAFLD has more complicated pathogenic factors and pathological processes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the leading malignancy arising from cirrhosis, is the second most lethal cancer globally. The purpose of this study was to clarify the main risk factors of T2DM with NAFLD and HCC. There are many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of T2DM patients with NAFLD and HCC. The current gold standard is to adjust treatment strategy, optimize metabolic control, and improve liver phenotype. It is necessary to identify further the risk factors driving the progression of T2DM with NAFLD and HCC and evaluate new therapeutic targets, in addition to exploring the syndromic forms of T2DM combined with NAFLD and providing a theoretical basis for early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Minicozzi MR, Axlid EG, von Hippel FA, Espinoza J, Funke A, Phillips QP, Buck CL. Perchlorate exposure does not induce obesity or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in zebrafish. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254500. [PMID: 34347796 PMCID: PMC8336815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perchlorate is a water-soluble contaminant found throughout the United States and many other countries. Perchlorate competitively inhibits iodide uptake at the sodium/iodide symporter, reducing thyroid hormone synthesis, which can lead to hypothyroidism and metabolic syndromes. Chronic perchlorate exposure induces hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developing threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We hypothesized that perchlorate would also induce zebrafish (Danio rerio) to develop phenotypes consistent with NAFLD and to accumulate lipids throughout the body. We exposed zebrafish embryos to four concentrations of perchlorate treated water (10μg/L, 10mg/L, 30mg/L, and 100mg/L) and a control (0mg/L) over the course of 133 days. Adult zebrafish were euthanized, sectioned, H&E and Oil Red-O stained, and analyzed for liver morphology and whole body lipid accumulation. In a representative section of the liver, we counted the number of lipid droplets and measured the area of each droplet and the total lipid area. For whole body analysis, we calculated the ratio of lipid area to body area within a section. We found that zebrafish exposed to perchlorate did not differ in any measured liver variables or whole body lipid area when compared to controls. In comparison to stickleback, we see a trend that control stickleback accumulate more lipids in their liver than do control zebrafish. Differences between the species indicate that obesogenic effects due to perchlorate exposure are not uniform across fish species, and likely are mediated by evolutionary differences related to geographic location. For example, high latitude fishes such as stickleback evolved to deposit lipid stores for over-winter survival, which may lead to more pronounced obesogenic effects than seen in tropical fish such as zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Minicozzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University Mankato, Mankato, MN, United States of America
| | - Erik G. Axlid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University Mankato, Mankato, MN, United States of America
| | - Frank A. von Hippel
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Joseph Espinoza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Funke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Quentin P. Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University Mankato, Mankato, MN, United States of America
| | - C. Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
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21
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Cui P, Hu W, Ma T, Hu M, Tong X, Zhang F, Shi J, Xu X, Li X, Shao LR, Billig H, Feng Y. Long-term androgen excess induces insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in PCOS-like rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 208:105829. [PMID: 33513383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for metabolic disorders compared to healthy women, and about 51 % of women with PCOS suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Investigation into the pathological mechanism behind this association will provide insights for the prevention and treatment of this complication. METHODS Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a nonaromatic androgen, was used to mimic the pathological conditions of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Oil Red O staining, immunofluorescent staining, Western blots, and qRT-PCR were used to verify the hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and the latter two methods were also used for energy and mitochondrion-related assays. ELISA was used to measure the level of reactive oxygen species. RESULTS Twelve weeks of DHT exposure led to obesity and insulin resistance as well as hepatic steatosis, lipid deposition, and different degrees of inflammation. The expression of molecules involved in respiratory chain and aerobic respiration processes, such as electron transfer complex II, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A, was inhibited. In addition, molecules associated with apoptosis and autophagy were also abnormally expressed, such as increased Bak mRNA, an increased activated caspase-3 to caspase-3 ratio, and increased Atg12 protein expression. All of these changes are associated with the mitochondria and lead to lipid deposition and inflammation in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Long-term androgen excess contributes to insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis by affecting mitochondrial function and causing an imbalance in apoptosis and autophagy, thus suggesting the pathogenesis of NAFLD in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China; Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Ma
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiemei Shi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Linus Ruijin Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Billig
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Phan H, Richard A, Lazo M, Nelson WG, Denmeade SR, Groopman J, Kanarek N, Platz EA, Rohrmann S. The association of sex steroid hormone concentrations with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver enzymes in US men. Liver Int 2021; 41:300-310. [PMID: 32860311 PMCID: PMC10115140 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study aimed to analyse the association of sex hormone levels with liver enzyme levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a nationally representative sample of men. METHODS A total of 919 men from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) III were included in this cross-sectional analysis of data from 1988 to 1991. We used existing data on serum total and free testosterone, total and free estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide (AAG) and sex steroid-binding globulin (SHBG), and estimated their associations with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and NAFLD, as determined using ultrasound, after adjusting for possible confounders including age, race, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, waist circumference and steroid hormones. RESULTS Lower total testosterone (TT) and higher free estradiol were associated with higher odds of NAFLD after adjusting for confounders including the other sex hormones. Lower TT was associated with higher odds of elevated AST, but not ALT. Free testosterone, total estradiol, SHBG and AAG were not associated with NAFLD or liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This study supports an inverse association between TT concentration and NAFLD in men independent of other sex hormones (SHBG, AAG and estradiol) and known risk factors, such as obesity, age and lifestyle. Exploration of whether TT might be a non-invasive marker for NAFLD diagnosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Phan
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Richard
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Groopman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norma Kanarek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR. Pathophysiology of NASH in endocrine diseases. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R52-R65. [PMID: 33449917 PMCID: PMC7983516 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the industrialized world. NAFLD encompasses a whole spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. The latter can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, NASH is the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation in western countries and therefore represents a global health issue. The pathophysiology of NASH is complex and includes multiple parallel hits. NASH is notably characterized by steatosis as well as evidence of hepatocyte injury and inflammation, with or without fibrosis. NASH is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes and conditions associated with insulin resistance. Moreover, NASH may also be found in many other endocrine diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, male hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency or glucocorticoid excess, for example. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of NASH associated with different endocrinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence should be addressed to F R Jornayvaz:
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24
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Vehmeijer FOL, Santos S, Gaillard R, de Rijke YB, Voortman T, van den Akker ELT, Felix JF, van Rossum EFC, Jaddoe VWV. Associations of Hair Cortisol Concentrations with General and Organ Fat Measures in Childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e551-e561. [PMID: 33119748 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stress may lead to an adverse body fat distribution from childhood onwards. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) at 6 years with general and organ fat measures, risk of overweight, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at 10 years and to assess whether these were independent of adiposity measures at 6 years. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS HCCs were measured in hair of 6-year-old children (n = 2042) participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), fat mass index measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and visceral fat index, pericardial fat index, liver fat fraction measured by magnetic resonance imaging and risk of overweight and NAFLD were obtained at 10 years. RESULTS The associations of higher HCC at 6 years, with higher BMI, fat mass index, and increased risk of overweight at age 10 years are explained by the relationships observed at 6 years. HCCs at 6 years were associated with a higher liver fat fraction (difference 0.11 liver fat fraction standard deviation score; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03, 0.18) and a higher risk of NAFLD at 10 years (odds ratio 1.95; 95% CI 1.06, 3.56), independent of fat mass index at 6 years. HCCs were not associated with pericardial or visceral fat indices. CONCLUSIONS Higher HCCs at 6 years were associated with higher BMI, fat mass index, liver fat fraction, and higher risks of overweight and NAFLD at 10 years. Only the associations for liver fat fraction and NAFLD were independent of fat mass index at 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florianne O L Vehmeijer
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen Y, Chen X, Chen Q, Yu C. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypokalemia in Primary Aldosteronism Among Chinese Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:565714. [PMID: 33967948 PMCID: PMC8101285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.565714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, evidence that aldosteronism is a risk factor for metabolic disorders has increased. This study was designed to investigate the role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypokalemia in primary aldosteronism (PA). METHODS A total of 222 patients diagnosed with PA and 222 non-PA patients were included in our study. Demographic data, medical histories, clinical evaluations, complete blood counts, serum biochemical analyses, aldosterone and potassium levels were obtained. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation (SD). To compare the parameters between cases and controls, Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used for continuous variables, and χ2 tests were used for categorical variables. Pearson correlation analysis was used to define relationships between pairs of parameters. A two-sided P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the independent effects of potassium and other metabolic variables on NAFLD in PA patients. RESULTS The diagnosis of NAFLD was more common in PA patients (n=222, 35.1%) than in non-PA subjects (29.7%). PA patients with and without NAFLD had similar metabolic imbalance characteristics. In PA patients with hypokalemia, relatively higher prevalences of NAFLD (44% vs. 27%, P < 0.05) and diabetes mellitus (19.8% vs. 9.9%, P < 0.05) were observed. Hypokalemic PA patients had a worse metabolic status than PA patients without hypokalemia, including higher body mass index (BMI) (25.4 ± 3.4 vs. 24.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2, P < 0.05), more severe dyslipidemia as well as insulin resistance, higher serum uric acid levels (354 ± 95 vs. 319 ± 87 μmol/L, P < 0.01) and aggravated inflammation. CONCLUSION The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in PA patients than in non-PA patients, although the patterns of obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were similar. Hypokalemic PA patients had a worse metabolic status than normokalemic PA patients. This study provides new insights that can inform further mechanistic studies about metabolic imbalance in patients with aldosteronism.
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Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Issues and Future Perspectives in Preclinical and Clinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249646. [PMID: 33348908 PMCID: PMC7766139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuum of liver abnormalities often starting as simple steatosis and to potentially progress into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of its increasing prevalence, NAFLD is becoming a major public health concern, in parallel with a worldwide increase in the recurrence rate of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It has been estimated that NASH cirrhosis may surpass viral hepatitis C and become the leading indication for liver transplantation in the next decades. The broadening of the knowledge about NASH pathogenesis and progression is of pivotal importance for the discovery of new targeted and more effective therapies; aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive and updated overview on NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis, the most recommended treatments, drugs under development and new drug targets. The most relevant in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD and NASH will be also reviewed, as well as the main molecular pathways involved in NAFLD and NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Correspondence: (L.G.D.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0382-986-451 (L.G.D.P.)
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Grewal H, Joshi S, Sharma R, Mittal P, Goel A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with hypothyroidism presenting at a rural tertiary care centre in north India. Trop Doct 2020; 51:181-184. [PMID: 32772844 DOI: 10.1177/0049475520945058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its association with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been thought to be linked with other endocrine and metabolic disorders. Recent data suggest that hypothyroidism may be a significant risk factor for development and progression of NAFLD. The present study was conducted to evaluate the presence of NAFLD in patients with hypothyroidism presenting to a rural tertiary care centre in north India. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made on the basis of radiological findings and derangement of liver enzymes. Our findings showed that ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver as well as increase in the serum transaminase level above normal range were significantly higher in hypothyroidism patients as compared with controls. On multivariate regression analysis of the patients' data, the presence of hypothyroidism was independently associated with risk of NAFLD. We therefore conclude that hypothyroidism is a significant independent risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Grewal
- Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandeep Joshi
- Professor, Department of Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Ruby Sharma
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Puneet Mittal
- Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Ankur Goel
- Senior Resident, Department of Nephrology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
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Valodara AM, SR KJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1154-1166. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191021094906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sex and gender-based differences are observed well beyond the sex organs and affect several physiological and biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of drug molecules. It is essential to understand not only the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of the drug but also the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of drug metabolism for avoiding sex-related adverse effects of drugs in the human.Method:The articles on the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drug molecules were retrieved from the Pub Med database. The articles were classified into the metabolism of the drug molecule, gene expression regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, the effect of sex hormones on the metabolism of drug, expression of drugmetabolizing enzymes, etc.Result:Several drug molecules are known, which are metabolized differently in males and females. These differences in metabolism may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Several other drug molecules still require further evaluation at the molecular level regarding the sex and gender-based differences in their metabolism. Attention is also required at the effect of signaling cascades associated with the metabolism of drug molecules.Conclusion:Sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drugs exist at various levels and it may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Detailed understanding of the effect of sex and related condition on the metabolism of drug molecules will help clinicians to determine the effective therapeutic doses of drugs dependingon the condition of patient and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askhi M. Valodara
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaid Johar SR
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Banaszczak M, Maciejewska D, Drozd A, Ryterska K, Milc DJ, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Wunsch E, González-Muniesa P, Stachowska E. 5-Lipooxygenase Derivatives as Serum Biomarkers of a Successful Dietary Intervention in Patients with NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56020058. [PMID: 32028646 PMCID: PMC7073509 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: It was previously shown that a bodyweight reduction among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) was connected to the lower concentration of arachidonic and linoleic acid derivatives in their blood. We hypothesized that the concentration of these lipids was correlated with the extent of their body mass reduction and, thus, liver steatosis. Methods: We analyzed 68 individuals who completed the dietary intervention. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their body mass reduction (more or less than 7%). Before and after the dietary intervention, all patients had the following measurements recorded: body mass, waist circumference, stage of steatosis, fatty liver index, liver enzymes, lipid parameters, insulin and glucose. Concentrations of lipoxins A4 (LTX A4), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic fatty acids (5(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE and 16(S)-HETE), hydroxyoctadecaenoic acids (9(S)-HODE and 13(S)-HODE) and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) were measured in serum samples collected before and after the dietetic intervention using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Patients who reduced their body mass by more than 7% revealed a significant improvement in their steatosis stage, waist circumference, fatty liver index, triglycerides and cholesterol. Conclusion: A reduction in body mass by more than 7% but not by less than 7% revealed a significant improvement in steatosis stage; waist circumference; fatty liver index; and levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, 5-oxo-ETE and LTXA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Banaszczak
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Karina Ryterska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Dominika Jamioł Milc
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Joanna Raszeja-Wyszomirska
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General. Transplant and Liver Surgery of the Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IDISNA, Navarra’s Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-441-4806
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Vallet-Pichard A, Parlati L, Pol S. [Epidemiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Extent/burden of the problem and its impact on public health]. Presse Med 2019; 48:1459-1467. [PMID: 31757728 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease, the most common cause of chronic liver function augmentation and it will be the most common indication for liver transplantation in 2020. The prevalence of NAFLD has increased over time in line with the increase of obesity and type 2 diabetes. There is a discrepancy between the studies concerning the prevalence of NAFLD because of the different diagnostic methods used (ultrasound or magnetic resonance, fibroscan, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), histology). Because of its high prevalence the impact of NAFLD in public health is real. Therapeutic advances must be made to better understand the natural history of NAFLD and improve the management of this emerging liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Vallet-Pichard
- Hôpital Cochin, département d'hépatologie, 27, rue du Fg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 ParisFrance.
| | - Lucia Parlati
- Hôpital Cochin, département d'hépatologie, 27, rue du Fg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 ParisFrance; AP-HP, université Paris Descartes, 15, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Hôpital Cochin, département d'hépatologie, 27, rue du Fg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 ParisFrance; AP-HP, université Paris Descartes, 15, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, UMS-20, 25-28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris France
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Tahara K, Akahane T, Namisaki T, Moriya K, Kawaratani H, Kaji K, Takaya H, Sawada Y, Shimozato N, Sato S, Saikawa S, Nakanishi K, Kubo T, Fujinaga Y, Furukawa M, Kitagawa K, Ozutsumi T, Tsuji Y, Kaya D, Ogawa H, Takagi H, Ishida K, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is an independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JGH OPEN 2019; 4:400-404. [PMID: 32514444 PMCID: PMC7273701 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Hypothyroidism might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The association of subclinical hypothyroidism with NAFLD has been inconsistent. The relationship of NAFLD with thyroid function parameters and subclinical hypothyroidism was determined. Methods This cross‐sectional study included 70 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 70 controls with euthyroidism matched according to gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). NAFLD was diagnosed via abdominal ultrasonography. The association between NAFLD and subclinical hypothyroidism was analyzed. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in those with euthyroidism. Multivariate analysis showed that subclinical hypothyroidism was an independent risk factor of NAFLD adjusted by metabolic‐related factors, such as BMI, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) was an independent risk factor of NAFLD adjusted by the same metabolic‐related factors, but free thyroxine (FT4) was not a risk factor. The FIB‐4 index, a noninvasive marker of liver fibrosis was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in those with euthyroidism. Compared with patients with euthyroidism, the proportion of the FIB‐4 index ≥2.67 was significantly higher, and the proportion of the FIB‐4 index <1.30 was lower in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusions TSH elevation even within the euthyroid range is an independent risk factor of NAFLD and may influence the progression of liver fibrosis, even with a normal FT4 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Naotaka Shimozato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Soichiro Saikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Masanori Furukawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takahiro Ozutsumi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yuuki Tsuji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hirotetsu Takagi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Akira Mitoro
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
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Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Ostrowska J, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Boniecka I, Shahnazaryan U, Kuryłowicz A. Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050166. [PMID: 31137547 PMCID: PMC6571590 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the developed world. Simple hepatic steatosis is mild, but the coexistence of steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proper dietary and pharmacological treatment is essential for preventing NAFLD progression. The first-line treatment should include dietary intervention and increased physical activity. The diet should be based on the food pyramid, with a choice of products with low glycemic index, complex carbohydrates in the form of low-processed cereal products, vegetables, and protein-rich products. Usage of insulin-sensitizing substances, pro- and prebiotics, and vitamins should also be considered. Such a therapeutic process is intended to support both liver disease and obesity-related pathologies, including insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and blood hypertension. In the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD, apart from pioglitazone, there are new classes of antidiabetic drugs that are of value, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 antagonists, while several other compounds that target different pathogenic pathways are currently being tested in clinical trials. Liver biopsies should only be considered when there is a lack of decline in liver enzymes after 6 months of the abovementioned treatment. Dietary intervention is recommended in all patients with NAFLD, while pharmacological treatment is recommended especially for those with NASH and showing significant fibrosis in a biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jeznach-Steinhagen
- Clinical Dietetics Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland.
- Diabetologic Outpatients Department, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ostrowska
- Clinical Dietetics Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Iwona Boniecka
- Clinical Dietetics Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Shahnazaryan
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Marchisello S, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Urbano F, Piro S, Purrello F, Rabuazzo AM. Pathophysiological, Molecular and Therapeutic Issues of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081948. [PMID: 31010049 PMCID: PMC6514656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries but its diffusion is currently also emerging in Asian countries, in South America and in other developing countries. It is progressively becoming one of the main diseases responsible for hepatic insufficiency, hepatocarcinoma and the need for orthotopic liver transplantation. NAFLD is linked with metabolic syndrome in a close and bidirectional relationship. To date, NAFLD is a diagnosis of exclusion, and liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. NAFLD pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, mainly involving genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. New concepts are constantly arising in the literature promising new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the challenges will be to better characterize not only NAFLD development but overall NAFLD progression, in order to better identify NAFLD patients at higher risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and neoplastic complications. This review analyses NAFLD epidemiology and the different prevalence of the disease in distinct groups, particularly according to sex, age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the work expands on the pathophysiology of NAFLD, examining multiple-hit pathogenesis and the role of different factors in hepatic steatosis development and progression: genetics, metabolic factors and insulin resistance, diet, adipose tissue, gut microbiota, iron deposits, bile acids and circadian clock. In conclusion, the current available therapies for NAFLD will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Marchisello
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Agata Maria Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
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Chen P, Hou X, Wei L, Feng L, Zhong L, Jiao L, Wang H, Bao Y, Jia W. Free triiodothyronine is associated with the occurrence and remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid women. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13070. [PMID: 30636282 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in euthyroid subjects was in dispute. We aimed to investigate this issue in a population-based cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 3144 euthyroid subjects at baseline from the Shanghai Nicheng Atherosclerosis Study were selected for the cross-sectional analysis, and 2089 subjects being followed up after 2.2 years were selected for the longitudinal analysis. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound. The cut-off point of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 40 U/L. The FIB-4 index was used to assess the risk of advanced liver fibrosis. RESULTS Age-adjusted mean levels of FT3 and FT3/free thyroxine (FT4) ratio were higher in subjects with NAFLD than those without NAFLD and linearly increased with a higher risk of NAFLD progression (assessed by levels of ALT and FIB-4 index) in euthyroid women but not in men. After adjustment for confounding variables, FT3 levels significantly increased with the presence of NAFLD (β = 0.1, P < 0.001) and linearly increased with a higher risk of NAFLD progression in euthyroid women. After a 2.2-year follow-up, FT3 levels increased with the occurrence of NAFLD (mean change percentage: 1.4%) and decreased with the remission of NAFLD (mean change percentage: -2.7%) in euthyroid women. CONCLUSIONS There are positive associations of FT3 levels with NAFLD and the risk of NAFLD progression in euthyroid women. The changes in FT3 levels with the alteration of NAFLD status may be an adaptive response to maintain energy and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichang Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Bernal-Reyes R, Castro-Narro G, Malé-Velázquez R, Carmona-Sánchez R, González-Huezo M, García-Juárez I, Chávez-Tapia N, Aguilar-Salinas C, Aiza-Haddad I, Ballesteros-Amozurrutia M, Bosques-Padilla F, Castillo-Barradas M, Chávez-Barrera J, Cisneros-Garza L, Flores-Calderón J, García-Compeán D, Gutiérrez-Grobe Y, Higuera de la Tijera M, Kershenobich-Stalnikowitz D, Ladrón de Guevara-Cetina L, Lizardi-Cervera J, López-Cossio J, Martínez-Vázquez S, Márquez-Guillén E, Méndez-Sánchez N, Moreno-Alcantar R, Poo-Ramírez J, Ramos-Martínez P, Rodríguez-Hernández H, Sánchez-Ávila J, Stoopen-Rometti M, Torre-Delgadillo A, Torres-Villalobos G, Trejo-Estrada R, Uribe-Esquivel M, Velarde-Ruiz Velasco J. The Mexican consensus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Ramanjaneya M, Bettahi I, Jerobin J, Chandra P, Abi Khalil C, Skarulis M, Atkin SL, Abou-Samra AB. Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides Are Down Regulated in Diabetes Subjects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:331. [PMID: 31214116 PMCID: PMC6554664 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the development of diabetes related complications such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Mitochondria produce several small polypeptides that may influence mitochondrial function and may impact on insulin sensitivity, such as humanin (HN) and the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c) that are mitochondrial derived proteins (MDP). The aim of this study was to determine MDP in normal, prediabetes and diabetes subjects. Subjects and Measurements: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the serum concentrations of MDP and adiponectin (ADP) in 225 subjects: normal (n = 68), pre-diabetes (n = 33), T2D less than (good control; n = 31), and greater than HbA1c 7% (poor control; n = 93) subjects. The relationship of serum MDP and ADP concentrations with biochemical and anthropometric measurements were performed and assessed by multilinear regression. Results: Serum HN concentrations were lower in T2D (p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with age (p < 0.0001), HbA1c (p < 0.0001), glucose (p < 0.0001), triglycerides (p < 0.003), ALT (p < 0.004), and TG/HDL ratio (p < 0.001). Circulating HN levels were positively correlated to cholesterol (p < 0.017), LDL (p < 0.001), and HDL (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that HbA1c and ALT were two independent predictors of circulating HN. Similarly, serum MOTS-c was significantly lower in T2D subjects compared to controls (p < 0.007). Circulating MOTS-c positively correlated with BMI (p < 0.035), total cholesterol (p < 0.0001), and LDL (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with age (p < 0.002), HbA1c (p < 0.001), and glucose (p < 0.002). Serum ADP concentrations were lower in T2D (p < 0.002) and negatively correlated with HbA1c (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.032) TG (p < 0.0001), and ALT (p < 0.0001); and positively correlated with HDL (p < 0.0001) and HN (p < 0.003). Linear regression analysis showed that HbA1c and weight were two independent predictors of circulating ADP. Multilinear regression showed that HN and MOT-c correlated with each other, and only HN correlated with HbA1c. Conclusion: The MDPs HN and MOT-c, similar to ADP, are decreased in T2D and correlate with HbA1c. The data provide an additional evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to glycemic dysregulation and metabolic defects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Medicine, Qatar Metabolic Institute and Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Manjunath Ramanjaneya
| | - Ilham Bettahi
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Medicine, Qatar Metabolic Institute and Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Medicine, Qatar Metabolic Institute and Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prem Chandra
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Medicine, Qatar Metabolic Institute and Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Epigenetics Cardiovascular Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Monica Skarulis
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Medicine, Qatar Metabolic Institute and Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephen Lawrence Atkin
- Epigenetics Cardiovascular Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Stephen Lawrence Atkin
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Medicine, Qatar Metabolic Institute and Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
- Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
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Bernal-Reyes R, Castro-Narro G, Malé-Velázquez R, Carmona-Sánchez R, González-Huezo MS, García-Juárez I, Chávez-Tapia N, Aguilar-Salinas C, Aiza-Haddad I, Ballesteros-Amozurrutia MA, Bosques-Padilla F, Castillo-Barradas M, Chávez-Barrera JA, Cisneros-Garza L, Flores-Calderón J, García-Compeán D, Gutiérrez-Grobe Y, Higuera de la Tijera MF, Kershenobich-Stalnikowitz D, Ladrón de Guevara-Cetina L, Lizardi-Cervera J, López-Cossio JA, Martínez-Vázquez S, Márquez-Guillén E, Méndez-Sánchez N, Moreno-Alcantar R, Poo-Ramírez JL, Ramos-Martínez P, Rodríguez-Hernández H, Sánchez-Ávila JF, Stoopen-Rometti M, Torre-Delgadillo A, Torres-Villalobos G, Trejo-Estrada R, Uribe-Esquivel M, Velarde-Ruiz Velasco JA. The Mexican consensus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2019; 84:69-99. [PMID: 30711302 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects nearly one third of the population worldwide. Mexico is one of the countries whose population has several risk factors for the disease and its prevalence could surpass 50%. If immediate action is not taken to counteract what is now considered a national health problem, the medium-term panorama will be very bleak. This serious situation prompted the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología to produce the Mexican Consensus on Fatty Liver Disease. It is an up-to-date and detailed review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical forms, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, whose aim is to provide the Mexican physician with a useful tool for the prevention and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bernal-Reyes
- Sociedad Española de Beneficencia, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México.
| | - G Castro-Narro
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Malé-Velázquez
- Instituto de Salud Digestiva y Hepática SA de CV, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - M S González-Huezo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopia GI, ISSSEMYM, Metepec, Estado de México, México
| | - I García-Juárez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N Chávez-Tapia
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C Aguilar-Salinas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - I Aiza-Haddad
- Clínica de enfermedades hepáticas, Hospital Ángeles Lómas, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - M Castillo-Barradas
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico La Raza IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J A Chávez-Barrera
- Servicio de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hospital General, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L Cisneros-Garza
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario de la UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - J Flores-Calderón
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - D García-Compeán
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario de la UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Y Gutiérrez-Grobe
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | | | - J Lizardi-Cervera
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J A López-Cossio
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopia GI, ISSSEMYM, Metepec, Estado de México, México
| | - S Martínez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Márquez-Guillén
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N Méndez-Sánchez
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Moreno-Alcantar
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J L Poo-Ramírez
- Centro de Innovación y Educación Ejecutiva, Tec de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - H Rodríguez-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica AMCCI, Hospital de Especialidades, Durango, México
| | - J F Sánchez-Ávila
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - M Stoopen-Rometti
- Centro de Diagnóstico CT-Scanner Lomas Altas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Torre-Delgadillo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Torres-Villalobos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - M Uribe-Esquivel
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Ciudad de México, México
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Carvalho-Furtado ACL, Carvalho-Louro DM, Regattieri NAT, Rodrigues MP, Montenegro MLRN, Ferro AM, Pirangi PS, Naves LA. Transient Elastography and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in the Assessment of Liver Steatosis in Severe Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:364. [PMID: 31275240 PMCID: PMC6593042 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Some noninvasive techniques have been used to quantify liver fat, such as the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Objective: To evaluate CAP as a tool to identify liver steatosis and its relationship with different clinical and biochemical metabolic parameters in a group of patients with severe adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD), and to compare the evolution of metabolic profiles after 6 months of human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement therapy in a subgroup of patients. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study at baseline of naive rhGH multiple pituitary hormonal deficiency (MPHD) hypopituitarism patients. A 6-month intervention clinical trial in a selected group of a non-randomized, non-controlled cohort was also applied. Results: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was normal in severe AGHD patients. CAP evaluation showed steatosis in 36.3% of baseline patients (8/22), associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, insulin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. According to steatosis degree by CAP, child-onset growth hormone deficiency (CO-GHD) was graded as 68.75% (11/16) S0, 12.5% (2/16) S1, and 18.75% (3/16) S3, whereas AO-GHD was graded as 50% (3/6) S0, 16.66% (1/6) S2, and 33.33% S3. After 6 months of hrGH replacement, CAP measurements did not change significantly, neither on group without hepatic steatosis at baseline (194.4 ± 24.3 vs. 215.4 ± 51.3; p = 0.267) nor on the group with hepatic steatosis (297.2 ± 32.3 vs. 276.4 ± 27.8; p = 0.082). A significant improvement of body composition was observed only in the first group. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the importance of CAP as a non-invasive tool in the liver steatosis identification on hypopituitary patients. This method may be an important indicator of the severity of metabolic disorders in MPHD patients. In our study, no liver health modification in LSM at baseline or after 6 months of rhGH replacement was found. Longer studies can help to establish the potential repercussions of growth hormone replacement therapy on liver steatosis.
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Gamede M, Mabuza L, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Plant-derived oleanolic acid ameliorates markers associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a diet-induced pre-diabetes rat model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1953-1962. [PMID: 31632109 PMCID: PMC6778448 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s218626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is becoming a worldwide health burden. Studies have indicated, however, that the onset of NAFLD occurs during pre-diabetes, a condition that often precedes the onset of T2DM. Oleanolic acid has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in diet-induced pre-diabetes; however, the effects of this triterpene on liver function have not been evaluated. PURPOSE This study was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on selected markers of NAFLD in a pre-diabetes rat model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Pre-diabetes was induced by exposing Sprague Dawley rats to a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet for 20 weeks. The pre-diabetic rats were then treated with OA (80 mg/kg) or metformin (500 mg/kg) in the presence and absence of dietary interventions for a period of 12 weeks. The effects of OA were evaluated on parameters including plasma triglycerides (TGs), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, bilirubin, AST, ALT, SREBP and antioxidant profile while the livers were collected for histological analysis. RESULTS The findings of this study showed that the administration of OA to pre-diabetic rats ameliorated body/liver weights ratio and significantly decreased plasma triglycerides (TGs) and VLDL. Furthermore, OA also ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress, lowered the SREBP expression and intrahepatic TGs. In addition, OA administration decreased plasma concentrations of bilirubin and liver damage enzyme biomarkers. CONCLUSION The findings of the study suggest that OA ameliorates the risk of developing pre-diabetes-related NAFLD through the prevention of intrahepatic fat accumulation while also lowering hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlindeli Gamede
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Mabuza
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Correspondence: Andile KhathiDepartment of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Room E3-408, Durban, South AfricaTel +27 31 260 7585Fax +27 31 260 7132Email
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Lee SH, Kim MJ, Kim YS, Chun H, Won BY, Lee JH, Han K, Rim KS, Park KC. Low hair copper concentration is related to a high risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:28-33. [PMID: 30262292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Copper, an essential micronutrient, is required for lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, iron metabolism, and antioxidant defense. Copper deficiency has been linked to alterations in lipid metabolism and various metabolic processes of the liver, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, most of these studies relied on copper measurements in the blood or tissues. In this study, we investigated the association between hair copper concentration and NAFLD in Korean adults, independent of metabolic syndrome status. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including factors of metabolic syndrome, were analyzed in 751 Korean adults divided into quintiles, according to hair copper concentration. Lower hair copper concentration was significantly correlated with higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Subjects with NAFLD showed significantly lower hair copper concentrations, and the risk of NAFLD was significantly higher for the lower hair copper quintile groups even after adjusting for metabolic syndrome-related factors. Overall, this study suggests that lower hair copper concentration could be associated with NAFLD, independent of metabolic syndrome factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Youn Won
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Seonam Hospital, Seoul 08049, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Rim
- Health Promotion Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chae Park
- Health Promotion Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea.
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Al-Muzafar HM, Amin KA. Thiazolidinedione induces a therapeutic effect on hepatosteatosis by regulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, lipase activity, leptin and resistin. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2938-2948. [PMID: 30214514 PMCID: PMC6125847 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatosteatosis is a disease present worldwide, which presents a number of health problems. Recently, thiazolidinedione (TZD) has been used as a therapy for lipid disorders. The present study demonstrates the potential of TZD as a treatment for hepatosteatosis and its mechanism of action, particularly focusing on its role in lipid metabolism. A total of 60 (80-90 g) rats were divided into three groups: A normal group with a standard diet, a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) group or a HFCD+TZD group (n=20/group). The HFCD induced hepatosteatosis over a period of 12 weeks and the HFCD+TZD group were administered TZD in weeks 13-16. Blood and tissue samples were collected to measure hepatic function, the lipid profile, metabolism and hormone biomarkers, including serum triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1), leptin and resistin. The HFCD-fed rats exhibited a significant increase in serum TG, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, alanine transaminase and bilirubin compared with the normal group as well as a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein. In addition, serum leptin and resistin were significantly elevated in the HFCD group compared with the normal group. The administration of TZD significantly increased SCD-1 activity and significantly inhibited LPL activity. It also attenuated the changes in the lipid profiles and normalized serum leptin and resistin levels. The results of the present study indicated that HFCD induced lipid abnormalities associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hepatosteatosis. These changes resulted from disruption to leptin and resistin, which may be due to alterations in LPL and SCD-1 activity. TZD mitigated the effects of HFCD-induced hepatosteatosis, indicating a possible regulatory effect of TZD in the development of hepatosteatosis. The authors suggest that the manipulation of SCD-1 and lipase by TZD may be useful as a treatment for hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessah Mohammed Al-Muzafar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Adel Amin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
In Europe as well as the United States, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is defined as a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Being a very powerful and independent cardiovascular risk factor, NAFLD increases cardiovascular and overall mortality to a significant degree. The purpose of this review was to determine sex- and gender-specific differences in the prevalence and pathogenesis of NAFLD and delineate the specific characteristics of NAFLD as a systemic disease in men and women. Postmenopausal women and women with endocrine disorders such as the polycystic ovarian syndrome are at high risk of developing NAFLD. The increasing incidence of female NAFLD after menopause appears to be related to reduced estrogen and increased testosterone levels, as well as changes in the distribution of fatty tissue. Finally, the role of gender-specific nutrition patterns in the pathogenesis of NAFLD will be discussed. Fructose consumption from industrialized products is a promoter of NAFLD, depending on the total daily calorie intake of macronutrients. A higher level of health literacy and conscious food behavior have been noted among women of all age groups compared to males, which could play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Health professionals are confronted with the challenges of early diagnosis by the use of sensitive, reliable, and noninvasive diagnostic tools, including screening algorithms for high-risk persons and providing gender-specific nutritional support as a crucial element of treatment and disease prevention.
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Li X, Rensing C, Taylor WL, Costelle C, Brejnrod AD, Ferry RJ, Higgins PB, Folli F, Kottapalli KR, Hubbard GB, Dick EJ, Yooseph S, Nelson KE, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N. Papio spp. Colon microbiome and its link to obesity in pregnancy. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:393-401. [PMID: 30039863 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbial communities are critical players in the pathogenesis of obesity. Pregnancy is associated with increased bacterial load and changes in gut bacterial diversity. Sparse data exist regarding composition of gut microbial communities in obesity combined with pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Banked tissues were collected under sterile conditions during necropsy, from three non-obese (nOb) and four obese (Ob) near-term pregnant baboons. Sequences were assigned taxonomy using the Ribosomal Database Project classifier. Microbiome abundance and its difference between distinct groups were assessed by a nonparametric test. RESULTS Three families predominated in both the nOb and Ob colonic microbiome: Prevotellaceae (25.98% and 32.71% respectively), Ruminococcaceae (12.96% and 7.48%), and Lachnospiraceae (8.78% and 11.74%). Seven families of the colon microbiome displayed differences between Ob and nOb groups. CONCLUSION Changes in gut microbiome in pregnant obese animals open the venue for dietary manipulation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuanJi Li
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Denmark
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - William L Taylor
- Molecular Resource Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Caitlin Costelle
- Molecular Resource Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Robert J Ferry
- Psychology Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, University of Milano and ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Gene B Hubbard
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward J Dick
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California.,Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas
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Harrington KA, Kennedy DS, Tang B, Hickie C, Phelan E, Torreggiani W, Halpenny D. Computed tomographic evaluation of the thymus-does obesity affect thymic fatty involution in a healthy young adult population? Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170609. [PMID: 29356558 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine a relationship between increased body mass index (BMI) and fatty involution of the thymus in subjects aged between 20 and 30 years. METHODS CT images of 94 patients aged between 20 and 30 years were reviewed. Quantitative thymic mean attenuation was recorded and qualitative thymic attenuation was assigned to 1 of 4 possible grades. BMI and subcutaneous fat thickness were documented. Correlations between thymic attenuation, and BMI and subcutaneous fat thickness were assessed using linear regression models. Differences in thymic attenuation in overweight vs normal weight patients were assessed using t-test and Pearson Χ2 analysis. RESULTS Low mean thymic attenuation values were associated with higher patient BMI (p = 0.024). Normal weight patients had a mean quantitative thymic attenuation of 15.5 Hounsfield unit and overweight patients had a mean quantitative thymic attenuation of -16.4 Hounsfield unit (p = 0.0218). There was a significant association between increasing subcutaneous fat thickness and reduced mean quantitative thymic attenuation (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant difference in subcutaneous fat thickness when comparing qualitatively assessed thymic Grade 0 with grades 2 and 3 (p = 0.027 and 0.001 respectively); and Grade 1 with Grade 3 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients between 20 and 30 years old, the degree of thymic fatty infiltration is related to BMI. Advances in knowledge: Multidetector CT can assess fatty involution of the thymus gland. This retrospective study demonstrates a relationship between BMI and thymus gland fatty involution. Subjects with increased subcutaneous fat have decreased mean thymus gland attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Harrington
- 1 Radiology Department, Adelaide and Meath Hospital , Tallaght, Dublin , Ireland
| | - David S Kennedy
- 1 Radiology Department, Adelaide and Meath Hospital , Tallaght, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Bobby Tang
- 1 Radiology Department, Adelaide and Meath Hospital , Tallaght, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Conor Hickie
- 1 Radiology Department, Adelaide and Meath Hospital , Tallaght, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Emma Phelan
- 1 Radiology Department, Adelaide and Meath Hospital , Tallaght, Dublin , Ireland
| | - William Torreggiani
- 1 Radiology Department, Adelaide and Meath Hospital , Tallaght, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Darragh Halpenny
- 2 Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
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House BT, Shearrer GE, Boisseau JB, Bray MS, Davis JN. Decreased eating frequency linked to increased visceral adipose tissue, body fat, and BMI in Hispanic college freshmen. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:10. [PMID: 32153874 PMCID: PMC7050920 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the relationship between eating frequency and specific adiposity markers in a potentially high-risk and understudied population of Hispanic college freshmen. Methods This study included 92 Hispanic college freshmen (18–19 y). The following cross-sectional data were collected: height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), dietary intake, body composition, physical activity, hepatic fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Results Infrequent eaters ate 44% less often (2.5 ± 0.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.8, p ≤ 0.01) and consumed 27% more calories per EO (p ≤ 0.01), while consuming 21% less kcals per day (p ≤ 0.01) compared to frequent eaters. Infrequent eaters had 8% higher BMIs (24.8 ± 4.4 vs. 22.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2) (p = 0.02), 60% higher BMI z-scores (0.5 ± 1.0 vs. 0.2 ± 1.0, p = 0.03), 21% higher VAT (298.3 ± 153.8 vs. 236.8 ± 78.2 ml, p = 0.03), 26% higher SAT (1150.1 ± 765.4 vs. 855.6 ± 494.6 ml, p = 0.03), and 8% higher total body fat (27.6 ± 10.8 vs. 25.3 ± 8.8%, p = 0.04) compared to frequent eaters while showing no significant difference in physical activity. These findings seem to be driven by females more than males. Conclusions These findings suggest that infrequent eating is related to increased adiposity in Hispanic college freshmen, despite a decreased daily energy intake and no significant differences in physical activity. Yet, more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these findings, as well as investigate any potential causal relationship between eating frequency and adiposity in Hispanic youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T House
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas (BTH, GES, JBB, MSB, JND), 103 W 24th St, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Grace E Shearrer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas (BTH, GES, JBB, MSB, JND), 103 W 24th St, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jessica B Boisseau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas (BTH, GES, JBB, MSB, JND), 103 W 24th St, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Molly S Bray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas (BTH, GES, JBB, MSB, JND), 103 W 24th St, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jaimie N Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas (BTH, GES, JBB, MSB, JND), 103 W 24th St, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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Cho S, Khan A, Jee SH, Lee HS, Hwang MS, Koo YE, Park YH. High resolution metabolomics to determines the risk associated with bisphenol A exposure in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:1-10. [PMID: 29276974 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although high BPA exposure has been correlated with several metabolic diseases, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, a metabolomics approach was used to explore the metabolic variations caused by low or high BPA exposure in female (n = 96) and male (n = 98) urine. Fatty acid elongation and sphingolipid metabolism were affected by high BPA exposure in males and females. Fatty acid elongation and sphingolipid metabolism were further investigated among age groups consisted of 30-39 yrs old, 40-49 yrs old, and 50-59 yrs old males and females with high or low urinary BPA. High BPA-exposed males in 30 s and females in 40 s were found with significant disturbance in fatty acid elongation and sphingolipid metabolism, respectively. Additionally, females in 40 s showed elevated inflammatory metabolites: 6-ketoprostaglandin E1 and thromboxane. In the present study, we have demonstrated that environmental metabolomics is useful to elucidate the health effects of BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongha Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Adnan Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sil Hwang
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Koo
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngja H Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
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Leeners B, Geary N, Tobler PN, Asarian L. Ovarian hormones and obesity. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:300-321. [PMID: 28333235 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake, i.e. eating and energy expenditure (EE). Severe obesity is more prevalent in women than men worldwide, and obesity pathophysiology and the resultant obesity-related disease risks differ in women and men. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Pre-clinical and clinical research indicate that ovarian hormones may play a major role. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We systematically reviewed the clinical and pre-clinical literature on the effects of ovarian hormones on the physiology of adipose tissue (AT) and the regulation of AT mass by energy intake and EE. SEARCH METHODS Articles in English indexed in PubMed through January 2016 were searched using keywords related to: (i) reproductive hormones, (ii) weight regulation and (iii) central nervous system. We sought to identify emerging research foci with clinical translational potential rather than to provide a comprehensive review. OUTCOMES We find that estrogens play a leading role in the causes and consequences of female obesity. With respect to adiposity, estrogens synergize with AT genes to increase gluteofemoral subcutaneous AT mass and decrease central AT mass in reproductive-age women, which leads to protective cardiometabolic effects. Loss of estrogens after menopause, independent of aging, increases total AT mass and decreases lean body mass, so that there is little net effect on body weight. Menopause also partially reverses women's protective AT distribution. These effects can be counteracted by estrogen treatment. With respect to eating, increasing estrogen levels progressively decrease eating during the follicular and peri-ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Progestin levels are associated with eating during the luteal phase, but there does not appear to be a causal relationship. Progestins may increase binge eating and eating stimulated by negative emotional states during the luteal phase. Pre-clinical research indicates that one mechanism for the pre-ovulatory decrease in eating is a central action of estrogens to increase the satiating potency of the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin. Another mechanism involves a decrease in the preference for sweet foods during the follicular phase. Genetic defects in brain α-melanocycte-stimulating hormone-melanocortin receptor (melanocortin 4 receptor, MC4R) signaling lead to a syndrome of overeating and obesity that is particularly pronounced in women and in female animals. The syndrome appears around puberty in mice with genetic deletions of MC4R, suggesting a role of ovarian hormones. Emerging functional brain-imaging data indicates that fluctuations in ovarian hormones affect eating by influencing striatal dopaminergic processing of flavor hedonics and lateral prefrontal cortex processing of cognitive inhibitory controls of eating. There is a dearth of research on the neuroendocrine control of eating after menopause. There is also comparatively little research on the effects of ovarian hormones on EE, although changes in ovarian hormone levels during the menstrual cycle do affect resting EE. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The markedly greater obesity burden in women makes understanding the diverse effects of ovarian hormones on eating, EE and body adiposity urgent research challenges. A variety of research modalities can be used to investigate these effects in women, and most of the mechanisms reviewed are accessible in animal models. Therefore, human and translational research on the roles of ovarian hormones in women's obesity and its causes should be intensified to gain further mechanistic insights that may ultimately be translated into novel anti-obesity therapies and thereby improve women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Leeners
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstr. 10, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lori Asarian
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Xie S, Li Q, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Zhuo Z, Zhao G, Shen W. Impact of Liver Fibrosis and Fatty Liver on T1rho Measurements: A Prospective Study. Korean J Radiol 2017; 18:898-905. [PMID: 29089822 PMCID: PMC5639155 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.6.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the liver T1rho values for detecting fibrosis, and the potential impact of fatty liver on T1rho measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 18 healthy subjects, 18 patients with fatty liver, and 18 patients with liver fibrosis, who underwent T1rho MRI and mDIXON collections. Liver T1rho, proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* values were measured and compared among the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the T1rho values for detecting liver fibrosis. Liver T1rho values were correlated with PDFF, T2* values and clinical data. RESULTS Liver T1rho and PDFF values were significantly different (p < 0.001), whereas the T2* (p = 0.766) values were similar, among the three groups. Mean liver T1rho values in the fibrotic group (52.6 ± 6.8 ms) were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects (44.9 ± 2.8 ms, p < 0.001) and fatty liver group (45.0 ± 3.5 ms, p < 0.001). Mean liver T1rho values were similar between healthy subjects and fatty liver group (p = 0.999). PDFF values in the fatty liver group (16.07 ± 10.59%) were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects (1.43 ± 1.36%, p < 0.001) and fibrosis group (1.07 ± 1.06%, p < 0.001). PDFF values were similar in healthy subjects and fibrosis group (p = 0.984). Mean T1rho values performed well to detect fibrosis at a threshold of 49.5 ms (area under the ROC curve, 0.855), had a moderate correlation with liver stiffness (r = 0.671, p = 0.012), and no correlation with PDFF, T2* values, subject age, or body mass index (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION T1rho MRI is useful for noninvasive detection of liver fibrosis, and may not be affected with the presence of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Xie
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Zhizheng Zhuo
- Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Guiming Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
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49
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Jung SY, Lee YJ, Lee HJ, Lee YA, Moon JS, Ko JS, Yang SW, Shin CH. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in long-term survivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 22:189-196. [PMID: 29025206 PMCID: PMC5642077 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2017.22.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothalamic obesity in childhood-onset (CO-) craniopharyngioma patients may predispose to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study reviewed the characteristics of NAFLD associated with CO-craniopharyngioma. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed 75 patients who underwent surgery for craniopharyngioma while younger than 15 years of age between 2000 and 2016. RESULTS Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) above 40 IU/L was observed in 51 of the 75 (68%) CO-craniopharyngioma patients. Imaging studies were performed in 32 patients with elevated liver enzymes. The estimated prevalence of NAFLD in CO-craniopharyngioma was 47%. NAFLD was detected in 22 patients (male 59%, 4.3±4.0 years after first surgery). The mean age at the time of the initial operation was 9.1±2.9 years. Six patients (27.3%) were diagnosed within 1 year. Among the 19 patients with initial height and weight data, the body mass index (BMI) z-score (BMI_Z) at the time of diagnosis with NAFLD was 1.37±1.01 (range, -0.75 to 3.18), with 4 patients (18.2%) being overweight and 9 (40.9%) being obese. BMI_Z increased above BMI_Z at the time of the operation in 13 patients (68.4%). The increment in BMI_Z was 1.13 (range, 0.10-2.84). Seventeen patients did not receive growth hormone. An insulin-like growth factor-I level <3rd percentile was observed in 19 patients. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is common in survivors of CO-craniopharyngioma and may develop earlier. If the ALT or AST is above 40 IU/L, a diagnostic work-up should be started.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Choong Ho Shin
- Address for correspondence: Choong Ho Shin, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-1134 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-3357 Fax: +82-2-743-3455 E-mail:
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50
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Geisler CE, Renquist BJ. Hepatic lipid accumulation: cause and consequence of dysregulated glucoregulatory hormones. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R1-R21. [PMID: 28428362 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver can be diet, endocrine, drug, virus or genetically induced. Independent of cause, hepatic lipid accumulation promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction. By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis. The typical hormonal environment in fatty liver disease consists of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, hypercortisolemia, growth hormone deficiency and elevated sympathetic tone. These endocrine and metabolic changes further encourage hepatic steatosis by regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, liver lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), beta-oxidation, ketogenesis and lipid export. Hepatic lipid accumulation may be induced by 4 separate mechanisms: (1) increased hepatic uptake of circulating fatty acids, (2) increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, (3) decreased hepatic beta-oxidation and (4) decreased hepatic lipid export. This review will discuss the hormonal regulation of each mechanism comparing multiple physiological models of hepatic lipid accumulation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is typified by increased hepatic lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation and export. Chronic hepatic lipid signaling through PPARgamma results in gene expression changes that allow concurrent activity of DNL and beta-oxidation. The importance of hepatic steatosis in driving systemic metabolic dysfunction is highlighted by the common endocrine and metabolic disturbances across many conditions that result in fatty liver. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic dysfunction that develops as a consequence of hepatic lipid accumulation is critical to identifying points of intervention in this increasingly prevalent disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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