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Samsamikor M, Mackay DS, Mollard RC, Alashi AM, Aluko RE. Hemp seed protein and its hydrolysate compared with casein protein consumption in adults with hypertension: a double-blind crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00462-3. [PMID: 38710445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of consuming hemp seed protein (HSP) as well as its hydrolysate-derived bioactive peptide (HSP+) on blood pressure (BP) has not, to our knowledge, been investigated in humans. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate how consumption of HSP and its hydrolysate modulates 24-h systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and plasma biomarkers of BP compared with casein. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design trial, 35 adults who had mild hypertension with SBP between 130 and 160 mmHg and DBP ≤110 mmHg were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to varying sequences of 3 6-wk treatments, 50 g casein/d, 50 g HSP/d, or 45 g HSP plus 5 g HSP-derived bioactive peptides/d (HSP+), separated by a 2-wk washout period. Treatment effects were assessed with a linear mixed model with repeated measures. RESULTS Compared with casein, after HSP+ consumption, 24-h SBP and 24-h DBP decreased from 135.1 and 80.0 mmHg to 128.1 ± 1.6 (P < 0.0001) and 76.0 ± 1.4 mmHg (P < 0.0001), respectively, whereas these values were 133.5 ± 1.6 and 78.9 ± 1.4 mmHg after HSP consumption (P < 0.0001). There were no differences between the HSP and HSP+ consumption in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, renin, or nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. However, these 2 treatments were able to lower both ACE and renin activities and raise NO concentration in plasma compared with casein. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hemp protein consumption, as well as in combination with bioactive peptides, may have a role in the dietary management of hypertension. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03508895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Samsamikor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dylan S Mackay
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Mollard
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Chronic Disease Innovation Centre, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Adeola M Alashi
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Changwei L, Bundy JD, Tian L, Zhang R, Chen J, Kelly TN, He J. Examination of Serum Metabolome Altered by Dietary Carbohydrate, Milk Protein, and Soy Protein Interventions Identified Novel Metabolites Associated with Blood Pressure: The ProBP Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300044. [PMID: 37650262 PMCID: PMC10592004 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to discover metabolites of dietary carbohydrate, soy and milk protein supplements and evaluate their roles in blood pressure (BP) regulation in the protein and blood pressure (ProBP), a cross-over trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma metabolites are profiled at pre-trial baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation with carbohydrate, soy protein, and milk protein, respectively, among 80 ProBP participants. After Bonferroni correction (α = 6.49 × 10-4 ), dietary interventions significantly changed 40 metabolites. Changes of erucate (22:1n9), an omega-9 fatty acid, are positively associated with systolic BP changes (Beta = 1.90, p = 6·27 × 10-4 ). This metabolite is also associated with higher odds of hypertension among 1261 participants of an independent cohort (odds ratio per unit increase = 1.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.68). High levels of acylcholines dihomo-linolenoyl-choline (p = 4.71E-04) and oleoylcholine (p = 3.48E-04) at baseline predicted larger BP lowering effects of soy protein. Increasing cheese intake during the trial, as reflected by isobutyrylglycine and isovalerylglycine, reduces the BP lowering effect of soy protein. CONCLUSIONS The study identifies molecular signatures of dietary interventions. Erucate (22:1n9) increases systolic BP. Acylcholine enhances and cheese intake reduces the BP lowering effect of soy protein supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Changwei
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
| | - Joshua D Bundy
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 820 S. Wood St, Room W420, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2703, USA
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Zumaraga MPP, Rodriguez MP, Aman AYC, Deguit CDT, Biwang JH, Melegrito JB, Duante CA, Madrid ML, Concepcion MAR, Nevado JB. Nutritional and genetic determinants of essential hypertension among adult respondents of the 2013 national nutrition survey, Philippines: a preliminary observational study. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109152. [PMID: 36245136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Preventive strategies for hypertension and its sequelae require an understanding of their predisposing conditions and recognition of at-risk individuals. Several factors, both genetic and nongenetic, are influential, and likely vary in their effects across ethnicities. This study aimed to identify dietary, lifestyle-related differences and genetic variants associated with hypertension in Filipinos. The study included 147 adult Filipino respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey living in the National Capital Region. Data on the socio-demographic profile and selected lifestyle factors were obtained via face-to-face interviews. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical indicators of health were determined using standard procedures. Hypertension incidence was determined following American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline. Genotyping utilized the customized Illumina Golden Gate genotyping array, with subsequent allele and genotypic association analytics. Genetic variant effects were adjusted to clinical parameters via logistic regression. Between those with and without hypertension, there was relatively higher intake of dietary protein, fat but not carbohydrates in the latter (P<.05). Of note, other established risk factors for hypertension, such as high lipid levels and fasting blood sugar, were consistently frequently seen among hypertensive respondents. Of the gene markers, 3 SNPs (rs10492602 of APOC [3' UTR], rs12721054 of CYP2C19 [exon] and rs4244285 [intergenic between PCDH17-DIAPH3 locus]) remained significant after multivariable logistic regression. The study highlights that both nutrition and genetic information may contribute to hypertension among Filipinos. This could guide public health initiatives to identify Filipinos susceptible to hypertension and recommend control strategies in lowering its morbidity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pretzel P Zumaraga
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines.
| | - Marietta P Rodriguez
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Aimee Yvonne Criselle Aman
- Microarray Core Laboratory, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines; Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Christian Deo T Deguit
- Microarray Core Laboratory, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Jessica H Biwang
- Microarray Core Laboratory, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Jodelyn B Melegrito
- Microarray Core Laboratory, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Charmaine A Duante
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Marilou L Madrid
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Mae Anne R Concepcion
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Jose B Nevado
- Microarray Core Laboratory, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
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Prieto-González P, Sánchez-Infante J, Fernández-Galván LM. Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Anthropometric and Health Variables in College-Aged Males. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173471. [PMID: 36079727 PMCID: PMC9458199 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to verify the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and anthropometric and health variables. Four-hundred-and-ninety-five college-aged males aged 18–25 participated in this cross-sectional research. The KIMED (Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents) was used to assess the adherence to MD. The following variables were also assessed: body mass (BM), height (HE), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%FAT), lean mass (LEAN), abdominal girth (AG), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), oxygen saturation (SPO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), double product (DP), and fasting blood glucose (GLU). The results showed that adherence to MD presented a strong negative correlation with most of the anthropometric parameters (BM: r = −0.571; BMI: r = −0.614; %FAT: r = −0.558; and AG: r = −0.564), a moderate or weak correlation with most of the health variables (GLU: r = −0.407; SBP: r = −0.238; DBP: r = −0.217, and DP: r = −0.265) and LEAN (r = −0.497), and a very weak correlation with WHR (r = −0.090). Many anthropometric parameters (BM, BMI, %FAT, LEAN, AG, WHR) present significant correlations with health variables (SBP, DBP, DP, and GLU). We conclude that greater adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with healthier values of the selected anthropometric and health parameters. Since most of the anthropometric and health parameters present significant correlations among themselves, this finding could be useful in medical diagnosis, health monitoring, and risk detection. Based on the level of adherence to Mediterranean diet and the KIDMED found in the present study, and considering the prevalence of obesity in the Middle East, it is imperative to implement nutritional interventions with the target population of this research to prevent nutrition-related diseases and promote public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Prieto-González
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-114-948-661; Fax: +966-11-454-8317
| | - Jorge Sánchez-Infante
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Fernández-Galván
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Schnebelen-Berthier C, Acar N, Simon E, Thabuis C, Bourdillon A, Mathiaud A, Dauchet L, Delcourt C, Benlian P, Crochet M, Defoort S, Tailleux A, Staels B, Bretillon L, Lecerf JM. The ALGOVUE Clinical Trial: Effects of the Daily Consumption of Eggs Enriched with Lutein and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Plasma Composition and Macular Pigment Optical Density. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103347. [PMID: 34684356 PMCID: PMC8541434 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Carotenoids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were identified as essential components for eye health and are both naturally present in eggs. Objective. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of two eggs enriched with lutein/zeaxanthin and DHA on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and on circulating xanthophyll and fatty acid concentrations in healthy participants. Methods. Ninety-nine healthy volunteers consumed either two standard eggs or two enriched eggs per day for 4 months. MPOD was measured at baseline (V0) and at follow-up (V4) using a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (primary outcome). Blood samples were collected to determine total plasma and lipoprotein fatty acids and lutein/zeaxanthin compositions at V0 and V4 (secondary outcomes). Results. A slight but significant increase in MPOD was observed for all study participants consuming two eggs per day for 4 months at all eccentricities (0.5°, 1°, 2°, and 4°). Plasma and lipoprotein lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA concentrations significantly increased in both groups but were greater in the enriched group (for the enriched group (V0 vs. V4): lutein, 167 vs. 369 ng/mL; zeaxanthin, 17.7 vs. 29.2 ng/mL; DHA, 1.89 vs. 2.56% of total fatty acids). Interestingly, lutein from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was strongly correlated with MPOD at 0.5 and 1° eccentricities (rho = 0.385, p = 0.008, and rho = 0.461, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions. MPOD was slightly increased in both groups. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA plasma concentrations were strongly enhanced in the enriched group compared with the standard group. A significant correlation was found between MPOD level and lutein concentration in HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Schnebelen-Berthier
- Service Nutrition & Activité Physique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; (E.S.); (J.-M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-20-87-73-33
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Emilie Simon
- Service Nutrition & Activité Physique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; (E.S.); (J.-M.L.)
| | | | - Anne Bourdillon
- MIXSCIENCE, Centre d’Affaires Odyssée, ZAC Cicé Blossac, F-35172 Bruz, France; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Adeline Mathiaud
- MIXSCIENCE, Centre d’Affaires Odyssée, ZAC Cicé Blossac, F-35172 Bruz, France; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Luc Dauchet
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- “Bordeaux Population Health Research Center” (BPH), INSERM, UMR1219, “Lifelong Exposures, Health and Ageing” (LEHA) Group, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Pascale Benlian
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Martine Crochet
- CHU Lille, Service d’Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-Ophtalmologie, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Sabine Defoort
- CHU Lille, Service d’Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-Ophtalmologie, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Anne Tailleux
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Bart Staels
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Jean-Michel Lecerf
- Service Nutrition & Activité Physique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; (E.S.); (J.-M.L.)
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Dietary and Lifestyle Modification for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-021-00683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Verma N, Rastogi S, Chia YC, Siddique S, Turana Y, Cheng HM, Sogunuru GP, Tay JC, Teo BW, Wang TD, Tsoi KKF, Kario K. Non-pharmacological management of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1275-1283. [PMID: 33738923 PMCID: PMC8678745 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an insidious disease which predisposes to cardiovascular complications and if not treated properly can lead to various serious complications. Economic limitations, having additional benefits with few or almost no side effects have made non-pharmacological management of hypertension an attractive approach for dealing with hypertension, in developed and developing countries alike. A MEDLINE search was done for relevant references with emphasis on original studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses for this review paper. Lifestyle modifications including changes in the dietary pattern, adopting special diets with low sodium, saturated fat and high calcium, magnesium and potassium and trying the new methods like time restricted meal intake which work in tandem with the circadian rhythm are opening new vistas in the field of non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure are increased physical activity, weight loss, limited alcohol consumption, relaxation techniques of Yoga, Acupuncture, Tai chi, mindfulness-based stress-reduction program, and Transcendental Meditation. Air pollution of the surrounding air is linked with poor health outcomes and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Short-term PM exposure (hours to weeks) increases the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, and longer-term exposure multiplies that risk. Non-pharmacological methods should be initiated early phase of disease and should be continued with medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsingh Verma
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Rastogi
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Yook-Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Saulat Siddique
- Department of Cardiology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yuda Turana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Medical Education and Research, National Yang-ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jam Chin Tay
- Department of General Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Wee Teo
- Department of Medicine division of Nephrology Wang, National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kelvin Kam Fai Tsoi
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, JC Institute of Ageing, SH Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Bergia RE, Campbell WW, Roseguini BT, Kim JE. A high-protein meal does not improve blood pressure or vasoactive biomarker responses to acute exercise in humans. Nutr Res 2020; 81:97-107. [PMID: 32949918 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise yield prognostic information beyond resting BP. While habitual higher dietary protein intake is associated with reduced resting BP, few studies have assessed the impact of high-protein meals on acute BP and vasoactive biomarker responses to exercise. To test the hypothesis that consuming a higher-protein, lower fat meal (HP; 30 g protein, 17 g fat, 52 g carbohydrate) would attenuate the BP response to exercise and result in a more robust post-exercise hypotensive response compared to a lower-protein, higher-fat meal (LP; 13 g protein, 25 g fat, 54 g carbohydrate), we recruited 31 pre-hypertensive subjects to complete this randomized, double-blind, cross-over acute feeding study. One hundred sixty-five minutes after consuming the test HP or LP meal, subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer at 70% VO2 max for 30 minutes. Blood pressure was measured prior to the meal and periodically before, during, and after exercise for a 315-minute period. Blood samples were periodically collected to quantify plasma arginine, arginine metabolites (asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine; ADMA, SDMA), endothelin-1, nitrates, and nitrites in a subset of subjects (n = 15) as shown in Supplemental Table S1. Consuming the HP meal did not influence the BP responses to exercise, including the post-exercise return to baseline BP or systolic BP area under the curve. While the HP meal resulted in greater postprandial plasma arginine concentrations, ADMA, SDMA, endothelin-1, nitrates, and nitrites were unaltered. These results suggest that consuming a higher-protein, lower-fat meal does not influence BP or vasoactive biomarker responses to exercise compared to a lower-protein, higher-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Purdue University, 800 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.
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Samsamikor M, Mackay D, Mollard RC, Aluko RE. A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial protocol of whole hemp seed protein and hemp seed protein hydrolysate consumption for hypertension. Trials 2020; 21:354. [PMID: 32326966 PMCID: PMC7181489 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hypertension accounts for almost 95% of all cases of high blood pressure and is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle interventions have been shown to prevent hypertension. One of the prominent potential therapeutic lifestyle strategies to prevent or manage hypertension is increasing dietary protein as a macronutrient or as bioactive peptides. An emerging plant-based protein source that may have anti-hypertensive properties is hemp seed. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial will be conducted on 35 hypertensive participants aged 18-75 years, with a BMI between 18.5 and 40 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 130 and 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≤ 110 mmHg. The trial will be conducted for a period of 22 weeks and will consist of three treatment periods of 6 weeks, separated by 2-week washout periods. The treatments will be consumed twice a day and consist of 25 g casein, hemp seed protein (HSP), or HSP plus HSP hydrolysate (HSP+). The primary outcome of this trial is 24-h SBP, measured on the first day of first phase and the last day of each phase. Office-measured blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity and augmentation index and anthropometrics will be determined at the first and last days of each period. Also, body composition will be assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan on the first day of the first phase and within the last 2 days of each treatment period. Blood samples will be collected on the first and last 2 days of each treatment phase whereas urine samples will be collected on the first day of the first phase plus the last day of each phase to be analyzed for specific biomarkers. DISCUSSION This trial protocol is designed to evaluate the hypotensive potential of consuming whole HSP, and HSP+, in comparison to casein protein. This study will be the first trial investigating the potential anti-hypertensive benefit of dietary hemp protein plus bioactive peptide consumption in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION National Clinical Trial (NCT), ID: NCT03508895. Registered on 28 June 2018. Retrospectively registered on the publicly accessible Registry Databank at ClinicalTrials.gov (http://ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Samsamikor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.,The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dylan Mackay
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Mollard
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.,The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Hudson JL, Zhou J, Kim JE, Campbell WW. Incorporating Milk Protein Isolate into an Energy-Restricted Western-Style Eating Pattern Augments Improvements in Blood Pressure and Triglycerides, but Not Body Composition Changes in Adults Classified as Overweight or Obese: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030851. [PMID: 32235773 PMCID: PMC7146470 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy Western-style eating patterns (WSEP) predominate, adversely affecting health. Resistance to improving dietary patterns prompts interest to incorporate a potentially health-promoting ingredient into typical WSEP foods and beverages. We assessed the effect of incorporating isocalorically matched carbohydrates versus milk protein isolate (MPI) into a WSEP on weight loss-induced changes in cardiometabolic health and body composition. In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-design study, 44 participants (age 52 ± 1 years, body mass index (BMI) 31.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2, mean ± standard error) consumed a weight maintenance WSEP (0.8 g total protein/kg/day) for 3 weeks (baseline). After, participants consumed an energy-restricted (750 kcal/day below estimated requirement) WSEP for 16 weeks, randomly assigned to contain either an additional 0.7 g carbohydrate/kg/d (CON: n = 23, 0.8 g total protein/kg/day) or 0.7 g protein/kg/d from MPI (MPI: n = 21, 1.5 g total protein/kg/day) incorporated into foods and beverages. Compared to CON, the MPI favored reductions in average 24 h and sleeping systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP), waking hours systolic BP, and fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations. Reductions in fasting plasma insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not different between groups. Among all participants, whole body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and thigh muscle area, each decreased over time. For adults finding it difficult to deviate from a WSEP, replacing a portion of their carbohydrate with foods and beverages containing MPI may be an effective dietary strategy to reduce BP after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L. Hudson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.L.H.); (J.Z.); (J.E.K.)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.L.H.); (J.Z.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.L.H.); (J.Z.); (J.E.K.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.L.H.); (J.Z.); (J.E.K.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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De Pergola G, D'Alessandro A. Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1700. [PMID: 30405063 PMCID: PMC6266047 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Some studies have reported that food typical of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and extra virgin olive oil, have a favorable effect on the risk of hypertension, whereas food not typical of this dietary pattern such as red meat, processed meat, and poultry has an unfavorable effect. In this review, we have summarized observational and intervention studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews that have evaluated the effects of the MedDiet as a pattern towards blood pressure (BP). However, the number of such studies is small. In general terms, the MedDiet has a favorable effect in reducing BP in hypertensive or healthy people but we do not have enough data to declare how strong this effect is. Many more studies are required to fully understand the BP changes induced by the MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Ruan Y, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Qin S, Du X, Sun Y. Association between dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in southwest China. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1106. [PMID: 30200909 PMCID: PMC6131804 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different dietary patterns and the risks of hypertension in various diet exposures among multi-ethnic population in southwest China remain extremely scarce. The aim of this study is to identify dietary patterns and explore the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in southwest China. Methods A representative sample of 3591 participants of Han, and multi-ethnic population were recruited by stratified cluster sampling in Diqing of Yunnan Province, southwest China from September 2012 to January 2013. Participants who were under 18 years old or who could not clearly answer the questions and those who used the anti-hypertensive medication were excluded from this survey. All participants reported their dietary intakes using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and their blood pressures were measured by standardized procedures. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with principal component. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary patterns and hypertension. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.5% among Han and multi-ethnic population in Diqing, Yunnan Province. Three dietary patterns were identified in this study, defined as ‘Grassland healthy’, ‘Tuber and meat’, and ‘Fruit and vegetable’. Participants in the 5th quintile of the three dietary patterns were at a lower risk of hypertension compared with those in the 1st quintile. The odds ratio (OR) for the 5th quintile of ‘Grassland healthy’ pattern, ‘Tuber and meat’ and ‘Fruit and vegetable’ was 0.693 (95% CI: 0.537–0.893, p = 0.005), 0.678 (95% CI: 0.530–0.868, p = 0.002), 0.759 (95% CI: 0.593–0.970, p = 0.028), respectively. After further adjustment of participants’ age, the negative association between the ‘Grassland healthy’ pattern and the prevalence of hypertension persisted (OR = 0.703, 95% CI: 0.535–0.924, p = 0.012). However, the significant associations between the other two dietary patterns and hypertension disappeared. Conclusions The ‘Grassland healthy’ dietary pattern is associated with lower risk of hypertension, whereas there is no significant associations between the other two dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in Diqing of Yunnan province, southwest China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6003-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ruan
- Department of nutrition and food hygiene, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), No.158 Dongsi Street, Kunming, 650022, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yongshou Huang
- People's hospital of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, No. 19 Chicika Street, Shangri-la, Diqing, 674400, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of nutrition and food hygiene, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), No.158 Dongsi Street, Kunming, 650022, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu Qin
- CDC of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, No. 88 Ren'an Road, Shangri-la, Diqing, 674400, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- CDC of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, No. 88 Ren'an Road, Shangri-la, Diqing, 674400, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- People's hospital of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, No. 19 Chicika Street, Shangri-la, Diqing, 674400, Yunnan, China
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DiMarco DM, Missimer A, Murillo AG, Lemos BS, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population. Lipids 2017; 52:255-263. [PMID: 28091798 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty-eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2] participated in this 14-week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2-week washout with no egg consumption, followed by intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, choline, and TMAO) were measured during each intervention phase. BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, plasma glucose, and plasma triacylglycerol did not change throughout the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with egg intake (P < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/day, intake of 1 egg/day increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) (P < 0.05), and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) (P < 0.05) and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (P < 0.01). With intake of 2-3 eggs/day, these changes were maintained. Plasma choline increased dose-dependently with egg intake (P < 0.0001) while fasting plasma TMAO was unchanged. These results indicate that in a healthy population, consuming up to 3 eggs/day results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk, as documented by increased HDL-c, a reduced LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, and increased plasma choline in combination with no change in plasma LDL-c or TMAO concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amanda Missimer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Bruno S Lemos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Teunissen-Beekman KFM, Dopheide J, Geleijnse JM, Bakker SJL, Brink EJ, de Leeuw PW, van Baak MA. Effect of increased protein intake on renal acid load and renal hemodynamic responses. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/5/e12687. [PMID: 26997623 PMCID: PMC4823604 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased protein intake versus maltodextrin intake for 4 weeks lowers blood pressure. Concerns exist that high‐protein diets reduce renal function. Effects of acute and 4‐week protein intake versus maltodextrin intake on renal acid load, glomerular filtration rate and related parameters were compared in this study. Seventy‐nine overweight individuals with untreated elevated blood pressure and normal kidney function were randomized to consume a mix of protein isolates (60 g/day) or maltodextrin (60 g/day) for 4 weeks in energy balance. Twenty‐four‐hour urinary potential renal acid load (uPRAL) was compared between groups. A subgroup (maltodextrin N = 27, protein mix N = 25) participated in extra test days investigating fasting levels and postprandial effects of meals supplemented with a moderate protein‐ or maltodextrin‐load on glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, plasma renin, aldosterone, pH, and bicarbonate. uPRAL was significantly higher in the protein group after 4 weeks (P ≤ 0.001). Postprandial filtration fraction decreased further after the protein‐supplemented breakfast than after the maltodextrin‐supplemented breakfast after 4 weeks of supplementation (P ≤ 0.001). Fasting and postprandial levels of glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, renin, aldosterone, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, pH and bicarbonate did not differ between groups. In conclusion, 4 weeks on an increased protein diet (25% of energy intake) increased renal acid load, but did not affect renal function. Postprandial changes, except for filtration fraction, also did not differ between groups. These data suggest that a moderate increase in protein intake by consumption of a protein mix for 4 weeks causes no (undesirable) effects on kidney function in overweight and obese individuals with normal kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianna F M Teunissen-Beekman
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Dopheide
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter W de Leeuw
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen A van Baak
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Remer T, Esche J, Krupp D. Increased protein intake and corresponding renal acid load under a concurrent alkalizing diet regime. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/13/e12851. [PMID: 27405969 PMCID: PMC4945837 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study Dortmund; Department of Nutritional Epidemiology; Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL); University of Bonn; Dortmund Germany
| | - Jonas Esche
- DONALD Study Dortmund; Department of Nutritional Epidemiology; Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL); University of Bonn; Dortmund Germany
| | - Danika Krupp
- DONALD Study Dortmund; Department of Nutritional Epidemiology; Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL); University of Bonn; Dortmund Germany
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Dietary proteins improve endothelial function under fasting conditions but not in the postprandial state, with no effects on markers of low-grade inflammation. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1819-28. [PMID: 26400262 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) and low-grade inflammation (LGI) have a role in the development of CVD. The two studies reported here explored the effects of dietary proteins and carbohydrates on markers of ED and LGI in overweight/obese individuals with untreated elevated blood pressure. In the first study, fifty-two participants consumed a protein mix or maltodextrin (3×20 g/d) for 4 weeks. Fasting levels and 12 h postprandial responses of markers of ED (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM), soluble endothelial selectin and von Willebrand factor) and markers of LGI (serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and sICAM) were evaluated before and after intervention. Biomarkers were also combined into mean Z-scores of ED and LGI. The second study compared 4 h postprandial responses of ED and LGI markers in forty-eight participants after ingestion of 0·6 g/kg pea protein, milk protein and egg-white protein. In addition, postprandial responses after maltodextrin intake were compared with a protein mix and sucrose. The first study showed significantly lower fasting ED Z-scores and sICAM after 4 weeks on the high-protein diet (P≤0·02). The postprandial studies found no clear differences of ED and LGI between test meals. However, postprandial sVCAM decreased more after the protein mix compared with maltodextrin in both studies (P≤0·04). In conclusion, dietary protein is beneficial for fasting ED, but not for fasting LGI, after 4 weeks of supplementation. On the basis of Z-scores, postprandial ED and LGI were not differentially affected by protein sources or carbohydrates.
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17
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Larrivee S, Greenway FL, Johnson WD. A Statistical Analysis of a Traffic-Light Food Rating System to Promote Healthy Nutrition and Body Weight. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 9:1336-41. [PMID: 26134833 PMCID: PMC4667303 DOI: 10.1177/1932296815592408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restaurant eating while optimizing nutrition and maintaining a healthy weight is challenging. Even when nutritional information is available, consumers often consider only calories. A quick and easy method to rate both caloric density and nutrition is an unmet need. A food rating system created to address that need is assessed in this study. METHODS The food rating system categorizes food items into 3 color-coded categories: most healthy (green), medium healthy (yellow), or least healthy (red) based on calorie density and general nutritional quality from national guidelines. Nutritional information was downloaded from 20 popular fast-food chains. Nutritional assessments and the 3 color coded categories were compared using the Wilcoxon and Median tests to demonstrate the significance of nutrition differences. RESULTS Green foods were significantly lower than yellow foods, which in turn were significantly lower than red foods, for calories and calories from fat, in addition to content of total fat, saturated fat and carbohydrates per 100 g serving weight (all P < .02). The green foods had significantly lower cholesterol than the yellow (P = .0006) and red (P < .0001) foods. Yellow foods had less sugar than red foods (P < .0001). Yellow foods were significantly higher in dietary fiber than red foods (P = .001). CONCLUSION The food rating color-coded system identifies food items with superior nutrition, and lower caloric density. The smartphone app, incorporating the system, has the potential to improve nutrition; reduce the risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and stroke; and improve public health.
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18
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Teunissen-Beekman KFM, Dopheide J, Geleijnse JM, Bakker SJL, Brink EJ, de Leeuw PW, Serroyen J, van Baak MA. Differential effects of proteins and carbohydrates on postprandial blood pressure-related responses. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:600-8. [PMID: 24893214 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet composition may affect blood pressure (BP), but the mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare postprandial BP-related responses to the ingestion of pea protein, milk protein and egg-white protein. In addition, postprandial BP-related responses to the ingestion of maltodextrin were compared with those to the ingestion of sucrose and a protein mix. We hypothesised that lower postprandial total peripheral resistance (TPR) and BP levels would be accompanied by higher plasma concentrations of nitric oxide, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon. On separate occasions, six meals were tested in a randomised order in forty-eight overweight or obese adults with untreated elevated BP. Postprandial responses of TPR, BP and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, GLP-1 and nitrite, nitroso compounds (RXNO) and S-nitrosothiols (NO(x)) were measured for 4 h. No differences were observed in TPR responses. Postprandial BP levels were higher after the ingestion of the egg-white-protein meal than after that of meals containing the other two proteins (P≤ 0·01). The ingestion of the pea-protein meal induced the highest NO(x) response (P≤ 0·006). Insulin and glucagon concentrations were lowest after the ingestion of the egg-white-protein meal (P≤ 0·009). Postprandial BP levels were lower after the ingestion of the maltodextrin meal than after that of the protein mix and sucrose meals (P≤ 0·004), while postprandial insulin concentrations were higher after the ingestion of the maltodextrin meal than after that of the sucrose and protein mix meals after 1-2 h (P≤ 0·0001). Postprandial NO(x), GLP-1 and glucagon concentrations were lower after the ingestion of the maltodextrin meal than after that of the protein mix meal (P≤ 0·008). In conclusion, different protein and carbohydrate sources induce different postprandial BP-related responses, which may be important for BP management. Lower postprandial BP levels are not necessarily accompanied by higher NO(x), insulin, glucagon or GLP-1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter W de Leeuw
- Department of Medicine,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center,Maastricht,The Netherlands
| | - Jan Serroyen
- Department of Methodology & Statistics,Maastricht University,Maastricht,The Netherlands
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Effect of a high-protein diet on maintenance of blood pressure levels achieved after initial weight loss: the DiOGenes randomized study. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:58-63. [PMID: 24759040 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Randomized trials have shown significant blood pressure (BP) reductions after increased protein compared with carbohydrate intake, but the effect on BP maintenance after initial weight loss is unclear. We examined the effect of a high-protein diet on the maintenance of reduced BP after weight loss in 420 overweight adults from the Diet, Obesity and Genes study. After an 8-week weight-loss period (>8% BW), subjects (42±6 years) were randomized to either a high-protein diet (23-28 en% protein) or a lower-protein control diet (10-15 en% protein) for 26 weeks. BMI after weight loss was 30.3±4.3 kg m(-2), BP was 118/73 mm Hg and 28 subjects (6.5%) used antihypertensive agents. Systolic BP during 26 weeks of weight maintenance dietary intervention increased in both treatment groups, but it was 2.2 mm Hg less (95% CI: -4.6 to 0.2 mm Hg, P=0.08) in the high-protein group than in the lower-protein control group. In 191 (pre)hypertensive subjects (baseline systolic BP⩾120 mm Hg), a larger difference was observed (-4.2 mm Hg (-7.7, -0.7), P=0.02). The effect was attenuated after adjustment for initial BP (-3.4 mm Hg (-6.9, -0.03), P=0.048), and after additional adjustment for weight change (-2.7 mm Hg (-6.1, 0.4), P=0.11). Adjustment for 24-h urinary excretion of sodium and potassium did not change the results. Diastolic BP yielded similar results. These findings suggest that a BP reduction after weight loss is better maintained when the intake of protein is increased at the expense of carbohydrates. This effect is partly mediated by body weight.
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Houston M. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:38-66. [PMID: 24575172 PMCID: PMC3935060 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and target organ damage. Nutrient-gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients can prevent, control and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the selected use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Mark Houston, Hypertension Institute, Saint Thomas Medical Plaza, Nashville, TN 37205, United States
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21
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Protein intake in relation to risk of hypertension and microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. J Hypertens 2014; 31:1151-9. [PMID: 23524911 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328360418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A beneficial association between dietary protein intake (especially from plant sources) with incident hypertension, being strongly correlated to microalbuminuria, has been suggested in healthy populations. Evidence from diabetic populations, in which the prevalence of these diseases is high, is lacking. We examined the associations of total, animal and plant protein intake with incident hypertension (n = 1319) and microalbuminuria (n = 1045) in patients from 16 European countries with type 1 diabetes from the clinic-based EURODIAB Prospective Complications study. METHODS Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident hypertension after 7 years of follow-up were calculated in tertiles of protein intake (energy%) with adjustments for age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, total energy, total fat and carbohydrate intake. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, total, animal and plant protein intakes were not related to incident hypertension (298 cases). OR's (95% CI) across increasing tertiles of total protein were 1.00 (ref), 0.86 (0.60-1.25) and 0.91 (0.59-1.43). Furthermore, no relation was observed with incident microalbuminuria (135 cases), with ORs (95% CI) across increasing tertiles of total protein being 1.00 (ref), 0.88 (0.53-1.48) and 1.08 (0.57-2.04). CONCLUSION Results from our study did not provide evidence that a protein intake commonly consumed by European patients with type 1 diabetes is associated with incident hypertension or microalbuminuria. Prospective studies with more detailed information on dietary intake (including mineral intake) are needed to confirm these findings, and to investigate the impact on vascular and renal complications of a long-term very high protein intake in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Houston M. Nutrition and nutraceutical supplements for the treatment of hypertension: part II. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15:845-51. [PMID: 24119236 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle, and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and target organ damage. Nutrient-gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients can prevent, control, and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the select use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies, which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Hypertension Institute of Nashville, Saint Thomas Medical Group and Health Services, Saint Thomas Hospital, Nashville, TN
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Teunissen-Beekman KFM, Dopheide J, Geleijnse JM, Bakker SJL, Brink EJ, de Leeuw PW, Serroyen J, van Baak MA. Blood pressure decreases more after high-carbohydrate meals than after high-protein meals in overweight adults with elevated blood pressure, but there is no difference after 4 weeks of consuming a carbohydrate-rich or protein-rich diet. J Nutr 2013; 143:424-9. [PMID: 23325917 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The replacement of dietary carbohydrates with proteins can lower blood pressure (BP), but the mechanisms remain unclear. This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study aimed to compare 12-h postprandial sympathetic and hemodynamic responses after high-protein (HP) meals and high-carbohydrate (HC) meals. Fifty-two men and women with untreated elevated BP were tested on d 1 and after 4 wk of supplementation [3 × 20 g protein (HP) or maltodextrin (HC) per day]. No between-group differences were found in postprandial plasma norepinephrine on d 1 and at wk 4. On d 1, postprandial mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased more in the HC group than in the HP group (P = 0.002). This difference was not present at 4 wk, because the postprandial decline in MAP tended to become larger in the HP group after 4 wk of supplementation (P = 0.07). On both test days, postprandial total peripheral resistance tended to decrease more in the HC group (P < 0.08). After 4 wk of supplementation, cardiac output tended to increase more in the HC group (P = 0.08). In conclusion, ingestion of an HP diet induced a smaller decrease in BP on d 1 than did ingestion of an HC diet. This difference disappeared after 4 wk due to a more pronounced decrease in BP in the HP group after 4 wk than on d 1. These findings cannot explain the BP-lowering effect ascribed to dietary proteins.
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Tielemans SMAJ, Altorf-van der Kuil W, Engberink MF, Brink EJ, van Baak MA, Bakker SJL, Geleijnse JM. Intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:564-71. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite a considerable amount of research, the blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of dietary proteins is still not fully established. This review discusses the most recent findings on BP lowering of dietary proteins and protein sources, the possible mechanisms and the safety of increasing protein intake. RECENT FINDINGS Recent short-term, strictly controlled, randomized clinical trials show a BP lowering effect of increased protein intake. Longer-term trials, however, show inconsistent results. Because all recent trials exchanged carbohydrates, and not fats, for proteins, the question remains whether potential beneficial effects of high protein diets are due to increased protein intake or decreased carbohydrate intake. No clear differences between plant protein and animal protein are found in observational studies, and trials comparing plant versus animal protein are lacking. Different protein sources may lower BP via different mechanisms, which might explain divergent findings. Potential harms of high protein diets are not confirmed in recent trials in healthy persons. SUMMARY Increasing dietary protein intake or decreasing carbohydrate intake within reasonable limits may be beneficial for BP. The most and least beneficial protein sources still need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianna F M Teunissen-Beekman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Umesawa M, Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Okada T, Shimizu Y, Imano H, Ohira T, Nakamura M, Maruyama K, Iso H. Association between dietary behavior and risk of hypertension among Japanese male workers. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:374-80. [PMID: 23303292 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dietary behavior can worsen or prevent hypertension. However, data on the association between dietary behavior and the risk of hypertension in Asians are limited. The aim of this study was to determine these associations in Japanese male workers. We conducted a prospective study of 30-71-year-old Japanese male workers in Osaka, Japan, between 2001 and 2011. The study subjects were 3486 normotensive males who were assessed for an average of 4.6 years using an annual survey. We defined hypertension by a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg and/or the use of antihypertensive medications. Dietary behavior questionnaires were included in the annual surveys. For each question on dietary behavior, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of hypertension using logistic regression models. We used subjects who consistently gave affirmative answers in the baseline and end-point surveys as a reference. The number of new cases of hypertension was 846 among 3486 subjects. Compared with subjects who eat meat frequently, subjects who did not eat meat frequently showed a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.59). Subjects who did not consume dairy products every day showed a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.13-1.71) compared with those who did. Meat and dairy product intake was associated with the prevention of hypertension among Japanese male workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumasa Umesawa
- Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Evans L. Nutrition: Dietary protein lowers blood pressure. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8:257. [PMID: 22411433 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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