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Loukas AT, Papadourakis M, Panagiotopoulos V, Zarmpala A, Chontzopoulou E, Christodoulou S, Katsila T, Zoumpoulakis P, Matsoukas MT. Natural Compounds for Bone Remodeling: A Computational and Experimental Approach Targeting Bone Metabolism-Related Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5047. [PMID: 38732267 PMCID: PMC11084538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk, affects over 200 million people worldwide, predominantly older adults and postmenopausal women. The disruption of the balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts underlies osteoporosis pathophysiology. Standard treatment includes lifestyle modifications, calcium and vitamin D supplementation and specific drugs that either inhibit osteoclasts or stimulate osteoblasts. However, these treatments have limitations, including side effects and compliance issues. Natural products have emerged as potential osteoporosis therapeutics, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of natural compounds in modulating molecular targets relevant to osteoporosis, focusing on the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway and the gut microbiome's influence on bone homeostasis. Using an in silico and in vitro methodology, we have identified quercetin as a promising candidate in modulating MAPK activity, offering a potential therapeutic perspective for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros-Timotheos Loukas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.-T.L.); (P.Z.)
- Cloudpharm Private Company, Kifissias Avenue 44, 15125 Marousi, Greece; (V.P.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Michail Papadourakis
- Cloudpharm Private Company, Kifissias Avenue 44, 15125 Marousi, Greece; (V.P.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Vasilis Panagiotopoulos
- Cloudpharm Private Company, Kifissias Avenue 44, 15125 Marousi, Greece; (V.P.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Apostolia Zarmpala
- Cloudpharm Private Company, Kifissias Avenue 44, 15125 Marousi, Greece; (V.P.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Eleni Chontzopoulou
- Cloudpharm Private Company, Kifissias Avenue 44, 15125 Marousi, Greece; (V.P.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Stephanos Christodoulou
- Cloudpharm Private Company, Kifissias Avenue 44, 15125 Marousi, Greece; (V.P.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.-T.L.); (P.Z.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Minos-Timotheos Matsoukas
- Cloudpharm Private Company, Kifissias Avenue 44, 15125 Marousi, Greece; (V.P.); (A.Z.); (E.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
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Yang Q, Wang G. Isoflavonoid metabolism in leguminous plants: an update and perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1368870. [PMID: 38405585 PMCID: PMC10884283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids constitute a well-investigated category of phenylpropanoid-derived specialized metabolites primarily found in leguminous plants. They play a crucial role in legume development and interactions with the environment. Isoflavonoids usually function as phytoalexins, acting against pathogenic microbes in nature. Additionally, they serve as signaling molecules in rhizobial symbiosis. Notably, owing to their molecular structure resembling human estrogen, they are recognized as phytoestrogens, imparting positive effects on human health. This review comprehensively outlines recent advancements in research pertaining to isoflavonoid biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, transport, and physiological functions, with a particular emphasis on soybean plants. Additionally, we pose several questions to encourage exploration into novel contributors to isoflavonoid metabolism and their potential roles in plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Miedziaszczyk M, Maciejewski A, Idasiak-Piechocka I, Karczewski M, Lacka K. Effects of Isoflavonoid and Vitamin D Synergism on Bone Mineral Density-A Systematic and Critical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5014. [PMID: 38140273 PMCID: PMC10745652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal plant compounds, which bind to α and β estrogen receptors, thereby causing specific effects. The best-known group of phytoestrogens are flavonoids, including isoflavonoids-genistein and daidzein. They play a role in the metabolism of bone tissue, improving its density and preventing bone loss, which contributes to reducing the risk of fractures. Vitamin D is found in the form of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and is traditionally recognized as a regulator of bone metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids and vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD). The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. Reference publications did not provide consistent data regarding the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids on BMD. Some studies demonstrated a positive synergistic effect of these compounds, whereas in others, the authors did not observe any significant differences. Therefore, further research on the synergism of isoflavonoids and vitamin D may contribute to a significant progress in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Miedziaszczyk
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Adam Maciejewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ilona Idasiak-Piechocka
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
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Lee JH, Cho DY, Jang KJ, Jeong JB, Lee GY, Jang MY, Son KH, Lee JH, Lee HY, Cho KM. Changes in Nutrient Components and Digestive Enzymatic Inhibition Activities in Soy Leaves by Ethephon Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3640. [PMID: 37896103 PMCID: PMC10609866 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the high isoflavone-enriched soy leaves (IESLs) were manufactured by treating with the chemical inducer ethephon, a plant growth regulator, to confirm changes in the properties of soy leaves (SLs), which are underutilized. Ethephon treatment concentrations consisted of 0 (SL1), 150 (SL2), and 300 (SL3) μg/mL. The composition analysis and physiological activity were conducted according to the ethephon treatment concentration of SLs. There was no significant difference in the proximate composition and fatty acids, except for an increase with increasing ethephon treatment concentrations. Depending on the ethephon treatment concentration, free amino acids increased to 1413.0, 1569.8, and 2100.4 mg/100 g, and water-soluble vitamins increased to 246.7, 244.7, and 501.6 mg/100 g. In particular, the functional substance isoflavone increased significantly to 1430.11, 7806.42, and 14,968.00 μg/g. Through this study, it was confirmed that the nutritional components and isoflavones of SLs increased according to the ethephon treatment concentration, a chemical inducer treatment agent. This can be used as a high-value-added biosubstance for raw materials for functional foods, cosmetics, and for natural drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Du Yong Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Kyeong Jin Jang
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Jong Bin Jeong
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Ga Young Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Mu Yeun Jang
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Naedongro 139-8, Jinju 52849, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Son
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee Yul Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Naedongro 139-8, Jinju 52849, Republic of Korea
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Corbi G, Nobile V, Conti V, Cannavo A, Sorrenti V, Medoro A, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S. Equol and Resveratrol Improve Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women: A Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12063. [PMID: 37569440 PMCID: PMC10419295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is a major cause of loss of postmenopausal bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of equol and resveratrol on bone turnover biomarkers in postmenopausal women. Sixty healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg fermented soy containing 10 mg equol and 25 mg resveratrol or a placebo for 12 months. Whole-body BMD and bone turnover biomarkers, such as deoxypyridinoline (DPD), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), were measured at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. At the end of treatment, DPD, osteocalcin, and BAP significantly improved in the active group (p < 0.0001 for all) compared to the placebo group. Conversely, TRACP-5b levels were unaffected by supplementation (p = 0.051). Statistically significant changes in the concentrations of DPD (p < 0.0001), osteocalcin (p = 0.0001), and BAP (p < 0.0001) compared to baseline were also identified. Overall, the intervention significantly increased BMD measured in the whole body (p = 0.0220) compared with the placebo. These data indicate that the combination of equol and resveratrol may positively modulate bone turnover biomarkers and BMD, representing a potential approach to prevent age-related bone loss in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
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Kwon C, Ediriweera MK, Kim Cho S. Interplay between Phytochemicals and the Colonic Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081989. [PMID: 37111207 PMCID: PMC10145007 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in food ingredients with a variety of health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals improve host health through their direct systematic absorption into the circulation and modulation of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota increases the bioactivity of phytochemicals and is a symbiotic partner whose composition and/or diversity is altered by phytochemicals and affects host health. In this review, the interactions of phytochemicals with the gut microbiota and their impact on human diseases are reviewed. We describe the role of intestinal microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, amino acid derivatives, and vitamins, from a therapeutic perspective. Next, phytochemical metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and the therapeutic effect of some selected metabolites are reviewed. Many phytochemicals are degraded by enzymes unique to the gut microbiota and act as signaling molecules in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and metabolic pathways. Phytochemicals can ameliorate diseases by altering the composition and/or diversity of the gut microbiota, and they increase the abundance of some gut microbiota that produce beneficial substances. We also discuss the importance of investigating the interactions between phytochemicals and gut microbiota in controlled human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chohee Kwon
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Industry, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Industry, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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7
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Luo ED, Jiang HM, Chen W, Wang Y, Tang M, Guo WM, Diao HY, Cai NY, Yang X, Bian Y, Xing SS. Advancements in lead therapeutic phytochemicals polycystic ovary syndrome: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1065243. [PMID: 36699064 PMCID: PMC9868606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1065243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in women of reproductive age and features complex pathological symptoms and mechanisms. Existing medical treatments have, to some extent, alleviated the deterioration of PCOS. However, these strategies only temporarily control symptoms, with a few side effects and no preventive effect. Phytochemicals extracted from medicinal herbs and plants are vital for discovering novel drugs. In recent years, many kinds of research have proven that phytochemicals isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and medicinal plants show significant potential in preventing, alleviating, and treating PCOS. Nevertheless, compared to the abundance of experimental literature and minimal specific-topic reviews related to PCOS, there is a lack of systematic reviews to summarize these advancements in this promising field. Under this background, we systematically document the progress of bioactive phytochemicals from TCM and medicinal plants in treating PCOS, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. According to the literature, these valuable phytochemicals demonstrated therapeutic effects on PCOS supported by in vivo and in vitro experiments, mainly depending on anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, improvement of hormone disorder and insulin resistance (IR), and alleviation of hyperinsulinemia. Based on the current progress, future research directions should emphasize 1) exploring bioactive phytochemicals that potentially mediate bone metabolism for the treatment of PCOS; 2) improving unsatisfactory bioavailability by using advanced drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles and antibody-conjugated drugs, as well as a chemical modification; 3) conducting in-depth research on the pathogenesis of PCOS to potentially impact the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the evolution of PCOS; 4) revealing the pharmacological effects of these bioactive phytochemicals on PCOS at the genetic level; and 5) exploring the hypothetical and unprecedented functions in regulating PCOS by serving as proteolysis-targeting chimeras and molecular glues compared with traditional small molecule drugs. In brief, this review aims to provide detailed mechanisms of these bioactive phytochemicals and hopefully practical and reliable insight into clinical applications concerning PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Dan Luo
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Mei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Tang
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Mei Guo
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Yang Diao
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Cai
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Xing
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Wang X, Chen B, Fang X, Zhong Q, Liao Z, Wang J, Wu X, Ma Y, Li P, Feng X, Wang L. Soy isoflavone-specific biotransformation product S-equol in the colon: physiological functions, transformation mechanisms, and metabolic regulatory pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5462-5490. [PMID: 36503364 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2154744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that regular intake of soy isoflavones may reduce the incidence of estrogen-dependent and aging-associated disorders. Equol is a metabolite of soy isoflavone (SI) produced by specific gut microbiota and has many beneficial effects on human health due to its higher biological activity compared to SI. However, only 1/3 to 1/2 of humans are able to produce equol in the body, which means that not many people can fully benefit from SI. This review summarizes the recent advances in equol research, focusing on the chemical properties, physiological functions, conversion mechanisms in vitro and vivo, and metabolic regulatory pathways affecting S-equol production. Advanced experimental designs and possible techniques in future research plan are also fully discussed. Furthermore, this review provides a fundamental basis for researchers in the field to understand individual differences in S-equol production, the efficiency of metabolic conversion of S-equol, and fermentation production of S-equol in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Ma
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Messina M, Duncan A, Messina V, Lynch H, Kiel J, Erdman JW. The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970364. [PMID: 36034914 PMCID: PMC9410752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Lynch
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Liu LL, Xiao YS, Huang WM, Liu S, Huang LX, Zhong JH, Jia P, Liu WY. ATF1/miR-214-5p/ITGA7 axis promotes osteoclastogenesis to alter OVX-induced bone absorption. Mol Med 2022; 28:56. [PMID: 35568813 PMCID: PMC9107670 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dynamic balance of osteoblast and osteoclast is critical for bone homeostasis and overactive osteoclastic function may lead to osteoporosis. Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) is involved in osteoclastogenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be explored. Methods RAW264.7 cells were used and induced toward osteoclast by RANKL administration. We performed flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining to examine cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Mice were subjected to ovariectomy to induce osteoporosis. Micro CT, HE staining and TRAP staining were performed to evaluate bone loss in the OVX mouse model. Bioinformatics methods, luciferase assays and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to predict and validate the interaction among ATF1, miR-214-5p, and ITGA7. Results ATF1 and miR-214-5p were up-regulated while ITGA7 was inhibited in RANKL-induced osteoclasts. MiR-214-5p was transcriptionally activated by ATF1. ATF1 knockdown suppressed osteoclast formation by miR-214-5p inhibition. ITGA7 was the direct target of miR-214-5p. Knockdown of miR-214-5p abolished osteoclastogenesis, which was reversed by ITGA7 knockdown. In OVX model, miR-214-5p knockdown suppressed osteoclast differentiation and prevented bone loss. Conclusion ATF1/miR-214-5p/ITGA7 axis regulated osteoclast formation both in vivo and in vitro, thereby affecting OVX-induced bone resorption in mice. Knockdown of ATF1 might be a promising strategy to manage osteoporosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00476-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No.128, Jinling Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Sheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No.128, Jinling Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No.128, Jinling Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No.128, Jinling Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No.128, Jinling Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Wells GA, Hsieh SC, Zheng C, Peterson J, Tugwell P, Liu W. Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 5:CD004523. [PMID: 35502787 PMCID: PMC9062986 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004523.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Risedronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs which act to inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts. This is an update of a Cochrane Review that was originally published in 2003. OBJECTIVES We assessed the benefits and harms of risedronate in the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures for postmenopausal women at lower and higher risk for fractures, respectively. SEARCH METHODS With broader and updated strategies, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and Embase. A grey literature search, including the online databases ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and drug approval agencies, as well as bibliography checks of relevant systematic reviews was also performed. Eligible trials published between 1966 to 24 March 2021 were identified. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the benefits and harms of risedronate in the prevention of fractures for postmenopausal women. Participants must have received at least one year of risedronate, placebo or other anti-osteoporotic drugs, with or without concurrent calcium/vitamin D. Major outcomes were clinical vertebral, non-vertebral, hip and wrist fractures, withdrawals due to adverse events, and serious adverse events. In the interest of clinical relevance and applicability, we classified a study as secondary prevention if its population fulfilled more than one of the following hierarchical criteria: a diagnosis of osteoporosis, a history of vertebral fractures, low bone mineral density (BMD)T score ≤ -2.5, and age ≥ 75 years old. If none of these criteria was met, the study was considered to be primary prevention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodology expected by Cochrane. We pooled the relative risk (RR) of fractures using a fixed-effect model based on the expectation that the clinical and methodological characteristics of the respective primary and secondary prevention studies would be homogeneous, and the experience from the previous review suggesting that there would be a small number of studies. The base case included the data available for the longest treatment period in each placebo-controlled trial and a >15% relative change was considered clinically important. The main findings of the review were presented in summary of findings tables, using the GRADE approach. In addition, we looked at benefit and harm comparisons between different dosage regimens for risedronate and between risedronate and other anti-osteoporotic drugs. MAIN RESULTS Forty-three trials fulfilled the eligibility criteria, among which 33 studies (27,348 participants) reported data that could be extracted and quantitatively synthesized. We had concerns about particular domains of risk of bias in each trial. Selection bias was the most frequent concern, with only 24% of the studies describing appropriate methods for both sequence generation and allocation concealment. Fifty per cent and 39% of the studies reporting benefit and harm outcomes, respectively, were subject to high risk. None of the studies included in the quantitative syntheses were judged to be at low risk of bias in all seven domains. The results described below pertain to the comparisons for daily risedronate 5 mg versus placebo which reported major outcomes. Other comparisons are described in the full text. For primary prevention, low- to very low-certainty evidence was collected from four studies (one to two years in length) including 989 postmenopausal women at lower risk of fractures. Risedronate 5 mg/day may make little or no difference to wrist fractures [RR 0.48 ( 95% CI 0.03 to 7.50; two studies, 243 participants); absolute risk reduction (ARR) 0.6% fewer (95% CI 1% fewer to 7% more)] and withdrawals due to adverse events [RR 0.67 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.18; three studies, 748 participants); ARR 2% fewer (95% CI 5% fewer to 1% more)], based on low-certainty evidence. However, its preventive effects on non-vertebral fractures and serious adverse events are not known due to the very low-certainty evidence. There were zero clinical vertebral and hip fractures reported therefore the effects of risedronate for these outcomes are not estimable. For secondary prevention, nine studies (one to three years in length) including 14,354 postmenopausal women at higher risk of fractures provided evidence. Risedronate 5 mg/day probably prevents non-vertebral fractures [RR 0.80 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.90; six studies, 12,173 participants); RRR 20% (95% CI 10% to 28%) and ARR 2% fewer (95% CI 1% fewer to 3% fewer), moderate certainty], and may reduce hip fractures [RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.94); RRR 27% (95% CI 6% to 44%) and ARR 1% fewer (95% CI 0.2% fewer to 1% fewer), low certainty]. Both of these effects are probably clinically important. However, risedronate's effects are not known for wrist fractures [RR 0.64 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.24); three studies,1746 participants); ARR 1% fewer (95% CI 2% fewer to 1% more), very-low certainty] and not estimable for clinical vertebral fractures due to zero events reported (low certainty). Risedronate results in little to no difference in withdrawals due to adverse events [RR 0.98 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.07; eight studies, 9529 participants); ARR 0.3% fewer (95% CI 2% fewer to 1% more); 16.9% in risedronate versus 17.2% in control, high certainty] and probably results in little to no difference in serious adverse events [RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.07; six studies, 9435 participants); ARR 0% fewer (95% CI 2% fewer to 2% more; 29.2% in both groups, moderate certainty). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This update recaps the key findings from our previous review that, for secondary prevention, risedronate 5 mg/day probably prevents non-vertebral fracture, and may reduce the risk of hip fractures. We are uncertain on whether risedronate 5mg/day reduces clinical vertebral and wrist fractures. Compared to placebo, risedronate probably does not increase the risk of serious adverse events. For primary prevention, the benefit and harms of risedronate were supported by limited evidence with high uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Wells
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shu-Ching Hsieh
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carine Zheng
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joan Peterson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Civic Hospital / Loeb Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Rodríguez V, Rivoira M, Picotto G, de Barboza GD, Collin A, de Talamoni NT. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms by flavonoids with potential use for osteoporosis prevention or therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2913-2936. [PMID: 34547992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210921143644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide. Flavonoids have the potential to alleviate bone alterations in osteoporotic patients with the advantage of being safer and less expensive than the conventional therapies. OBJECTIVE The main objective is to analyze the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone by different subclasses of flavonoids. In addition, this review provides an up-to-date overview on the cellular and molecular aspects of osteoporotic bones versus healthy bones, and a brief description of some epidemiological studies indicating that flavonoids could be useful for osteoporosis treatment. METHODS The PubMed database was searched in the range of years 2001- 2021 using the keywords osteoporosis, flavonoids, and their subclasses such as flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, flavanones and anthocyanins, focusing the data on the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone. RESULTS Although flavonoids comprise many compounds that differ in structure, their effects on bone loss in postmenopausal women or in ovariectomized-induced osteoporotic animals are quite similar. Most of them increase bone mineral density and bone strength, which occur through enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast apoptosis, decrease in osteoclastogenesis as well as increase in neovascularization on the site of the osteoporotic fracture. CONCLUSION Several molecules of signaling pathways are involved in the effect of flavonoids on osteoporotic bone. Whether all flavonoids have a common mechanism or they act as ligands of estrogen receptors remain to be established. More clinical trials are necessary to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery and bioavailability in humans, as well as comparative studies with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - María Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Picotto
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz de Barboza
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Alejandro Collin
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
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Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Jara EL, Salazar LA, Kregiel D, Uprety Y, Akram M, Iqbal M, Martorell M, Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Daştan SD, Cruz-Martins N, Ozdemir FA, Kumar M, Cho WC. Therapeutic Potential of Isoflavones with an Emphasis on Daidzein. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6331630. [PMID: 34539970 PMCID: PMC8448605 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6331630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be useful with a dual-directional purpose by substituting/hindering with estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, daidzein puts forth shielding effects against a great number of diseases, especially those associated with the control of estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, daidzein also has other ER-independent biological activities, such as oxidative damage reduction acting as an antioxidant, immune regulator as an anti-inflammatory agent, and apoptosis regulation, directly linked to its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, the present review is aimed at providing a deepen analysis of daidzein pharmacodynamics and its implications in human health, from its best-known effects alleviating postmenopausal symptoms to its potential anticancer and antiaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Evelyn L. Jara
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL Group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol 1200, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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14
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Langa S, Landete JM. Strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive phytoestrogens in plasma. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2203-2215. [PMID: 34470513 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits to health attributed to the intake of phytoestrogens (PEs) have been demonstrated in previous studies with significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs, such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and urolithins in plasma. However, the achievement of high bioactive PE levels in plasma is restricted to a select population group, mainly due to the low intake of plant PEs and/or the absence, or inhibition, of the microbiota capable of producing these bioactive forms. In this study, the intake of plant PEs, the concentration of bioactive PEs in plasma, the ability of the intestinal microbiota to produce bioactive PEs, as well as the different mechanisms used by GRAS bacteria to increase the level of bioactive PEs were evaluated concluding that the use of GRAS bacteria bioactive PE producers and the development of fermented foods enriched in bioactive PEs in addition to a high intake of plant PEs and taking care of the intestinal microbiota, are some of the different strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs in the intestine and, subsequently, in plasma and targets organs which are essential to improve menopausal symptoms or reduce the risk of some pathologies such as breast and colon cancer, or cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Langa
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Słupski W, Jawień P, Nowak B. Botanicals in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051609. [PMID: 34064936 PMCID: PMC8151026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Conventional anti-osteoporotic pharmaceutics are effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of osteoporosis, however they are associated with various side effects that push many women into seeking botanicals as an alternative therapy. Traditional folk medicine is a rich source of bioactive compounds waiting for discovery and investigation that might be used in those patients, and therefore botanicals have recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review of literature is to present the comprehensive information about plant-derived compounds that might be used to maintain bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females.
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16
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Production of Bovine Equol-Enriched Milk: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030735. [PMID: 33800327 PMCID: PMC7999515 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk and dairy products contain many substances beneficial to human health; moreover, the contents of some of these substances can be enhanced. This is also the case of isoflavones which are compounds of plant origin that can be ingested and metabolized by cattle and, subsequently, secreted into bovine milk. An especially healthful substance called equol is ranked among isoflavone metabolites, commonly produced in the digestive tract of cattle. Equol content in milk can be modified by using feedstuffs with different contents of isoflavones or by milk processing and storage. Abstract Milk and dairy products are important sources of nutrients in the human diet because they contain a number of essential substances and other biologically active components. Many of these substances can be modified, and thus offer opportunities to use milk and dairy products as functional food. Isoflavones are particularly important in human nutrition due to their diverse pharmacological and antioxidant properties. The clinical effectiveness of isoflavone-rich products is believed to be dependent on their ability to metabolize daidzein to equol, which may directly exert cancer preventive effects. However, only approximately 30–40% of humans are able to produce equol, while animals, in general, produce equol. Equol is the predominant product of bacterial metabolism of isoflavones and can be found in various amounts in some food of animal origin, especially in milk. Therefore, milk and dairy products can be considered to be sources of equol for humans who are not able to produce this metabolite. When the content of isoflavones in milk is to be modified, two groups of factors should be considered, i.e., dietary factors that include the source of isoflavones and the processing effects on feedstuffs and animal factors that include the intake of isoflavones, ruminal and postruminal changes, and the health and physiological status of animals. The approximate content of isoflavones in milk can be predicted using carry-over rates for different dietary sources or using a formula that describes the relationship between equol concentration in milk and formononetin intake. Processing and storage can affect the content and profile of isoflavones in milk and dairy products.
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Bellavia D, Dimarco E, Costa V, Carina V, De Luca A, Raimondi L, Fini M, Gentile C, Caradonna F, Giavaresi G. Flavonoids in Bone Erosive Diseases: Perspectives in Osteoporosis Treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:76-94. [PMID: 33288387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance of bone homeostasis, with excessive bone resorption compared with bone formation, leads to the development of progressive osteopenia leading to lower bone resistance to load, with consequent pain and functional limitations. Phytochemicals with therapeutic and preventive effects against bone resorption have recently received increasing attention since they are potentially more suitable for long-term use than traditional therapeutic chemical compounds. In this systematic review of the literature of the past 5 years, comprehensive information is provided on flavonoids with potential antiresorption and pro-osteogenic effects. It aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms of these molecules, often epigenetic, and their possible pharmacological use, which is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eufrosina Dimarco
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutrition influences skeletal health throughout the lifespan, from the impact of maternal intakes during development, through the development of peak bone mass, to the rate of bone loss during aging. However, there are limited data available on the effects of nutritional supplements on bone density, let alone fracture risk. This review will assess the current literature, focusing on human studies, and emphasizing nutrients where bone density or fracture data are available. RECENT FINDINGS Calcium and vitamin D supplements, in combination, reduce fracture risk, particularly in populations with low intakes. Extensive recent analyses have supported the safety of these interventions at recommended intakes. There is growing evidence that specific isoflavones may improve bone density although fracture data are lacking. Multiple other nutrient supplements may benefit skeletal health, but data are limited. The effect size of nutrient interventions are relatively small, requiring large sample sizes for trials with bone outcomes, may be difficult to blind, and the impact of supplementation may depend on baseline intake. However, nutrition is the only intervention that can be implemented life long and on a population wide basis. Further investigation is needed into the potential benefits of nutritional supplements to determine in which settings supplements may add benefit in addition to dietary intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila S Tabatabai
- Division of Endocrinology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah E Sellmeyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S025, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94305-5103, USA.
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Hsiao YH, Ho CT, Pan MH. Bioavailability and health benefits of major isoflavone aglycones and their metabolites. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Zhu M, Meng P, Ling X, Zhou L. Advancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320964125. [PMID: 33133476 PMCID: PMC7576933 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320964125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a high burden on society, both medically and economically. Cellular senescence plays an essential role in the initiation of aging and age-related diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic value of senescent cell deletion in natural aging and many age-related disorders. However, the therapeutic strategies for manipulating cellular senescence are still at an early stage of development. Among these strategies, therapeutic drugs that target cellular senescence are arguably the most highly anticipated. Many recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of drugs exhibit healthy aging effects. In this review, we summarize different types of drugs promoting healthy aging – such as senolytics, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inhibitors, and nutrient signaling regulators – and provide an update on their potential therapeutic merits. Taken together, our review synthesizes recent advancements in the therapeutic potentialities of drugs promoting healthy aging with regard to their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Animal, Plant, Collagen and Blended Dietary Proteins: Effects on Musculoskeletal Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092670. [PMID: 32883033 PMCID: PMC7551889 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein is critical for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health, where appropriate intake (i.e., source, dose, timing) can mitigate declines in muscle and bone mass and/or function. Animal-derived protein is a potent anabolic source due to rapid digestion and absorption kinetics stimulating robust increases in muscle protein synthesis and promoting bone accretion and maintenance. However, global concerns surrounding environmental sustainability has led to an increasing interest in plant- and collagen-derived protein as alternative or adjunct dietary sources. This is despite the lower anabolic profile of plant and collagen protein due to the inferior essential amino acid profile (e.g., lower leucine content) and subordinate digestibility (versus animal). This review evaluates the efficacy of animal-, plant- and collagen-derived proteins in isolation, and as protein blends, for augmenting muscle and bone metabolism and health in the context of ageing, exercise and energy restriction.
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Managing acute cancer pain. JAAPA 2020; 33:31-36. [PMID: 32452959 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000662384.93538.a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related pain is an ongoing concern for patients and families. Clinicians should include pain management or palliative care specialists who have advanced knowledge in pharmacotherapy and who have the ability to perform interventional procedures to help alleviate patients' pain and reduce opioid use. This article discusses available interventions for patients with cancer pain.
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Bose S, Sarkar N. Natural Medicinal Compounds in Bone Tissue Engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:404-417. [PMID: 31882304 PMCID: PMC8015414 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D printing have provided unprecedented opportunities in bone tissue engineering applications for producing a variety of complex patient-specific implants for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects. Natural medicinal compounds (NMCs) with osteogenic potential can be incorporated into these 3D-printed parts to improve bone formation and therefore enhance implant performance. Using NMCs to treat bone-related disorders may prove to be a healthy preventive choice as they are considered safe, have lesser or no side effects, and are more suitable for prolonged use than synthetic drugs. In this review paper, the current challenges of bone tissue engineering are addressed briefly, highlighting the immense potential of NMCs integrated within tissue engineering scaffolds for orthopedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Naboneeta Sarkar
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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24
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Modulation of equol production via different dietary regimens in an artificial model of the human colon. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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25
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Jang IS, Choi MJ. Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Growing Rats Fed High Fat Diet. Clin Nutr Res 2019; 8:296-306. [PMID: 31720255 PMCID: PMC6826061 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2019.8.4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone on serum lipids and antioxidant enzymes activities in growing rats fed high lard diet. Twenty four female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 50–60 g) were divided into three groups, control, high fat (HF, lard 200 g/kg diet) and high fat + isoflavone (HFI, lard 200 g/kg diet + isoflavone 310.9 mg/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The results of study indicated that body weight gain was not different by isoflavone diet. Mean intake was significantly lower in HF group and HFI group than control group. Food efficiency ratio was significantly higher in HF group and HFI group than control group. The level of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lower in HFI group than control group and HF group. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, was significantly higher in control group than HF group and HFI group. The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly different by experimental diets, but atherogenic index (AI) was significantly lower in control group and HFI group than HF group. Contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver tissues were found to be insignificant. The concentration of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde was significantly lower in control groups and HFI group than HF group. And antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue were not significantly different by lard and isoflavone supplemented diets. In conclusion, it seems possible that isoflavone supplemented high fat diet may produce positive results on level of serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol, AI and concentration of malondialdyhyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sil Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Mj-Ja Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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Mayo B, Vázquez L, Flórez AB. Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite from The Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2231. [PMID: 31527435 PMCID: PMC6770660 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that regular intake of isoflavones from soy reduces the incidence of estrogen-dependent and aging-associated disorders, such as menopause symptoms in women, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Equol, produced from daidzein, is the isoflavone-derived metabolite with the greatest estrogenic and antioxidant activity. Consequently, equol has been endorsed as having many beneficial effects on human health. The conversion of daidzein into equol takes place in the intestine via the action of reductase enzymes belonging to incompletely characterized members of the gut microbiota. While all animal species analyzed so far produce equol, only between one third and one half of human subjects (depending on the community) are able to do so, ostensibly those that harbor equol-producing microbes. Conceivably, these subjects might be the only ones who can fully benefit from soy or isoflavone consumption. This review summarizes current knowledge on the microorganisms involved in, the genetic background to, and the biochemical pathways of, equol biosynthesis. It also outlines the results of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses on the effects of equol on different areas of human health and discusses briefly its presumptive mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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Peirotén Á, Bravo D, Landete JM. Bacterial metabolism as responsible of beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1922-1937. [PMID: 31161778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1622505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PE) are compounds found in plants such as soy (isoflavones), flax seeds and cereals (lignans) and pomegranates (ellagitannins). PE have shown estrogenic/antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and apoptotic activities. The human studies are showing promising although inconsistent results about the beneficial effects of PE on ameliorating the menopausal symptoms or reducing the risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The effects of PE on the organism are mediated by the intestinal microbiota, which transforms them into bioactive PE such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and certain urolithins. In this work, we review the most recent findings about the bacteria able to metabolize PE, together with the latest studies on the effects of PE on health. In addition, we describe the possible factors hindering the demonstration of the beneficial effect of PE on health, evincing the importance of measuring the actual circulating PE in order to encompass the variability of PE metabolism due to the intestinal microbiota. With this in mind, we also explore an approach to ensure the access to bioactive PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bravo
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Maaliki D, Shaito AA, Pintus G, El-Yazbi A, Eid AH. Flavonoids in hypertension: a brief review of the underlying mechanisms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 45:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sansone F, Mencherini T, Picerno P, Lauro MR, Cerrato M, Aquino RP. Development of Health Products from Natural Sources. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4606-4630. [PMID: 30259806 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180926152139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BioActive Compounds (BACs) recovered from food or food by-product matrices are useful in maintaining well being, enhancing human health, and modulating immune function to prevent or to treat chronic diseases. They are also generally seen by final consumers as safe, non-toxic and environment-friendly. Despite the complex process of production, chemical characterization, and assessment of health effects, BACs must also be manufactured in stable and bioactive ingredients to be used in pharmaceutical, food and nutraceutical industry. Generally, vegetable derivatives occur as sticky raw materials with pervasive smell and displeasing flavor. Also, they show critical water solubility and dramatic stability behavior over time, involving practical difficulties for industrial use. Therefore, the development of novel functional health products from natural sources requires the design of a suitable formulation to delivery BACs at the site of action, preserve stability during processing and storage, slow down the degradation processes, mask lousy tasting or smell, and increase the bioavailability, while maintaining the BACs functionality. The present review focuses on human health benefits, BACs composition, and innovative technologies or formulation approaches of natural ingredients from some selected foods and by-products from industrial food transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrizia Picerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | | | - Michele Cerrato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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30
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Ribeiro AE, Monteiro NES, Moraes AVGD, Costa-Paiva LH, Pedro AO. Can the use of probiotics in association with isoflavone improve the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause? Results from a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2018; 26:643-652. [PMID: 30531444 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of isoflavone administration, either in conjunction with probiotic use or not, on the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and compare the effects with those of hormone therapy. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years, randomly assigned to receive oral isoflavone (150 mg dry extract of glycine max) alone or isoflavone plus probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium lactis) or hormone therapy (1 mg estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate). The urogenital symptom subscale of the Menopause Rating Scale and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form were used to assess genitourinary symptoms. Vaginal maturation value, pH, vaginal health score, and vaginal flora were used to evaluate vaginal atrophy. Equol, equol intermediate, O-dimethylangolensin, and aglycones were measured using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS After 16 weeks of treatment, the urogenital symptoms, mainly vaginal dryness and sexual problem complaints, improved significantly in the hormone therapy group. There was a significant increase in the daidzein, glycitein, equol intermediate, and O-dimethylangolensin contents after 16 weeks in the isoflavone plus probiotic group. The maturation value, vaginal pH, and vaginal flora improved in the hormone therapy group. The vaginal health score increased in the isoflavone and hormone therapy groups. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics improved the metabolism of isoflavones after 16 weeks of treatment. However, the increase in the contents of isoflavones and their metabolites failed to yield an estrogenic effect on the urogenital tract and relieve the vulvovaginal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Bayat M, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Koohpeyma F, Mahmoodi M, Montazeri-Najafabady N, Bakhshayeshkaram M. The Effects of Soy Milk Enriched with Lactobacillus casei and Omega-3 on the Tibia and L5 Vertebra in Diabetic Rats: a Stereological Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:1172-1181. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer: The biochemical links and beneficial effects of functional foods. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:571-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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33
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Lazo-Vélez MA, Guardado-Félix D, Avilés-González J, Romo-López I, Serna-Saldívar SO. Effect of germination with sodium selenite on the isoflavones and cellular antioxidant activity of soybean (Glycine max). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ariyani W, Iwasaki T, Miyazaki W, Yu L, Takeda S, Koibuchi N. A Possible Novel Mechanism of Action of Genistein and Daidzein for Activating Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Mediated Transcription. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:417-427. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Winda Ariyani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Iwasaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Service, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Miyazaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shigeki Takeda
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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35
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Qiu J, Huang G, Na N, Chen L. MicroRNA-214-5p/TGF-β/Smad2 signaling alters adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29532880 PMCID: PMC5928609 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (OPM) is a common type of osteoporosis in females. It is a systemic, chronic bone disease that presents as microstructure degradation of osseous tissue, decreased bone mineral density and increased osteopsathyrosis caused by hypoovarianism and reduced estrogen levels in the body following menopause. In the present study, the role of microRNA (miR)-214-5p in the regulation of the expression of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated, and its molecular mechanism of osteogenic induction in vitro was assessed. When dexamethasone-induced adipogenic differentiation was performed, miR-214-5p expression was increased compared with the control group, as determined by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, oil red O staining, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that overexpression of miR-214-5p promoted adipogenic differentiation, inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OC) and collagen α-1 (I) chain (COL1A1) mRNA expression, and suppressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and collagen type IV α1 chain (COL4A1) protein expression in BMSCs. Additionally, downregulation of miR-214-5p increased the ALP, Runx2, OC and COL1 mRNA expression and increased TGF-β, Smad2 and COL4A1 protein expression in BMSCs. Furthermore, a TGF-β inhibitor was employed to inhibit TGF-β expression in BMSCs following miR-214-5p downregulation, which led to reduced Smad2, TGF-β and COL4A1 protein expression, and ALP, Runx2, OC and COL1 mRNA expression was also reduced, compared with the miR-214-5p downregulation only group. It was demonstrated that miR-214-5p may weaken osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through regulating COL4A1. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that miR-214-5p may promote the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through regulation of the TGF-β/Smad2/COL4A1 signaling pathway, and potentially may be used to develop a novel drug for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Qiu
- Division of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ning Na
- Division of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lizhong Chen
- Division of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Monteiro NE, Queirós LD, Lopes DB, Pedro AO, Macedo GA. Impact of microbiota on the use and effects of isoflavones in the relief of climacteric symptoms in menopausal women – A review. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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37
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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38
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Tong H, Shi S. Comprehensive evaluation of the role of soy and isoflavone supplementation in humans and animals over the past two decades. Phytother Res 2017; 32:384-394. [PMID: 29193539 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy and soy-based foods are considered healthy, particularly in many Asia-Pacific countries, where soy products have long been consumed. Soy and soy-related products have been found to help prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. These products can also have antioxidative effects that alleviate hot flashes during menopause and bone loss. These biological and therapeutic functions are primarily due to the isoflavones derived from soy, whose structure is similar to the structure of 17-β-oestradiol. Despite the many health benefits for humans and animals, the application of isoflavones remains controversial because of their anti-oestrogenic properties. We focused on general information regarding isoflavones, as well as their structure, function, and application. We summarized evidence showing that dietary or supplemental isoflavones exert protective effects on the health of humans and animals. Based on the literature, we conclude that soy foods and isoflavones may be effective and safe; however, more high-quality trials are needed to fully substantiate their potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
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Kogan M, Cheng S, Rao S, DeMocker S, Koroma Nelson M. Integrative Medicine for Geriatric and Palliative Care. Med Clin North Am 2017; 101:1005-1029. [PMID: 28802465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of people in the United States who are older than 65 years have 1 or more chronic medical problems, and 50% have 2 or more. The cost of care for the elderly is at least 3 to 4 times that of younger populations and is rapidly growing, mostly because of a lack of preventive approaches and overly medicalized and fragmented care. This article summarizes the most up-to-date evidence for specific integrative modalities for common geriatric conditions, including falls, frailty, osteoporosis, and end-of-life palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kogan
- Center for Integrative Medicine, George Washington University, School of Medicine, 908 New Hampshire Avenue, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Stephanie Cheng
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 380, Box 1265, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Seema Rao
- 11686 Wannacut Place, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Sharon DeMocker
- War Related Illness & Injury Study Center, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving Street Northwest, MS 127, Washington, DC 20422, USA
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40
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Liu H, Zhong H, Yin Y, Jiang Z. Genistein has beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis in high fat-high sucrose diet-treated rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:964-969. [PMID: 28514835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a kind of phytoestrogen abundant in soybeans, is beneficial for alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the specific mechanism was not clearly understood. This study was designed to determine the effect of genistein on NAFLD and explore the possible mechanism. 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group, high fat-high sucrose diet (HFS) group, HFS with 4mg/kg body weight genistein, and HFS with 8mg/kg body weight genistein. 12 weeks later, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, liver histopathological examination were characterized. The protein levels of liver AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylation of ACC (p-ACC) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) were determined by western blot. mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase gene (FAS) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl transfer enzyme-1 (CPT-1) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results showed that genistein effectively improved serum and hepatic lipid metabolism and diminished fat accumulation in liver. And the protein level of hepatic p-AMPK and p-ACC were increased, but SREBP-1 was decreased by genistein. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of FAS and GPAT were lower, but PPARα, CPT-1, ACO were higher in rats treated with genistein compared with HFS group. Collectively, genistein can improve hepatic steatosis via activating AMPK, thus promoting fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting lipid synthesis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijia Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Yin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoqin Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Does soy protein affect circulating levels of unbound IGF-1? Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:423-432. [PMID: 28434035 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the enormous amount of research that has been conducted on the role of soyfoods in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease, the mechanisms by which soy exerts its physiological effects are not fully understood. The clinical data show that neither soyfoods nor soy protein nor isoflavones affect circulating levels of reproductive hormones in men or women. However, some research suggests that soy protein, but not isoflavones, affects insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). METHODS Since IGF-1 may have wide-ranging physiological effects, we sought to determine the effect of soy protein on IGF-1 and its major binding protein insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP-3). Six clinical studies were identified that compared soy protein with a control protein, albeit only two studies measured IGFBP-3 in addition to IGF-1. RESULTS Although the data are difficult to interpret because of the different experimental designs employed, there is some evidence that large amounts of soy protein (>25 g/day) modestly increase IGF-1 levels above levels observed with the control protein. CONCLUSION The clinical data suggest that a decision to incorporate soy into the diet should not be based on its possible effects on IGF-1.
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Weaver CM, Martin BR, Jackson GS, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Wastney M. Calcium-41: a technology for monitoring changes in bone mineral. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1215-1223. [PMID: 27928628 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The rare, long-lived radiotracer, 41Ca, measured by accelerator mass spectrometry in the urine or serum following incorporation into the bone provides an ultra-sensitive tool to assess changes in bone calcium balance in response to an intervention. Changes in bone balance can be followed for years with one small dose that is both radiologically and biologically non-invasive. Sequential interventions can be compared, with greater precision than they can with biochemical markers of bone turnover and with greater power than with bone densitometry. This method is especially useful to screen interventions over a period of weeks. The development and validation of this tool and its applications are reviewed. Mini abstract: Use of 41Ca measured in the urine or blood by accelerator mass spectrometry to assess bone balance provides a tool to compare the relative efficacy of multiple interventions. This perspective provides insights in the use of this novel method and comparisons with more traditional methods for evaluating the efficacy of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - B R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - G S Jackson
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2036, USA
| | - G P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, 250 N University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - M Peacock
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46223, USA
| | - M Wastney
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Cassidy A, Minihane AM. The role of metabolism (and the microbiome) in defining the clinical efficacy of dietary flavonoids. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:10-22. [PMID: 27881391 PMCID: PMC5183723 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
At a population level, there is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on health. However, there is extensive heterogeneity in the response to increased intake, which is likely mediated via wide interindividual variability in flavonoid absorption and metabolism. Flavonoids are extensively metabolized by phase I and phase II metabolism (which occur predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and liver) and colonic microbial metabolism. A number of factors, including age, sex, and genotype, may affect these metabolic processes. In addition, food composition and flavonoid source are likely to affect bioavailability, and emerging data suggest a critical role for the microbiome. This review will focus on the current knowledge for the main subclasses of flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones, for which there is growing evidence from prospective studies of beneficial effects on health. The identification of key factors that govern metabolism and an understanding of how the differential capacity to metabolize these bioactive compounds affect health outcomes will help establish how to optimize intakes of flavonoids for health benefits and in specific subgroups. We identify research areas that need to be addressed to further understand important determinants of flavonoid bioavailability and metabolism and to advance the knowledge base that is required to move toward the development of dietary guidelines and recommendations for flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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44
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Messina M. Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients 2016; 8:E754. [PMID: 27886135 PMCID: PMC5188409 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., 26 Spadina Parkway, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA.
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Perna S, Peroni G, Miccono A, Riva A, Morazzoni P, Allegrini P, Preda S, Baldiraghi V, Guido D, Rondanelli M. Multidimensional Effects of Soy Isoflavone by Food or Supplements in Menopause Women: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones can exert their action on various levels: on cardiovascular system, bone and muscle health, on cancer, on menopausal symptoms, on obesity, on thyroid and on cognitive function. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the multidimensional effects of phytoestrogens in postmenopausal woman, and specifically to explore the impact on scientific literature. A research strategy was planned on PubMed and Scopus by defining the following key words:: menopause, climacteric, soy, isoflavone, phytoestrogens, cardiovascular system, bone mineral density, muscle mass, cancer, thyroid, obesity, cognitive. A total of 43 studies (in humans) were retrieved. The majority (12) describe the applications of soy isoflavones on cardiovascular disease, followed by effects on bone and muscle health (9), and studies concerning their action on menopausal symptoms (7), on cancer (6), on obesity (4), on cognitive function (3) and on thyroid function (2). The citation analysis revealed a growing interest for this topic and the papers on thyroid function are the most cited. Citation trends of the articles regarding the action on cardiovascular disease and on obesity are growing in the last years. Concerning the research areas, this review has assessed the effectiveness of various activities of isoflavones on welfare of menopausal women. In particular, literature show that a specific dosage of isoflavones reduces cardiovascular disease (from 20 to 100 mg/die), may be protective in osteoporosis and muscular fatigue (from 20 to 80 mg/die), may be useful for cancer prevention on endometrium, mammary glands and liver (from 50 to 100 mg/die), might improve menopausal symptoms, particularly in reducing the frequency of hot flashes (from 50 to 120 mg/die), can reduce abdominal fat and circulating inflammatory markers (from 80 to 160 mg/die), may ameliorate the possible interaction between endogenous estrogen and thyroid function (75 mg/die) and improve visual memory (from 50 to 100 mg/die).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perna
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Via Emilia 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Via Emilia 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Miccono
- University of Milano, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Morazzoni
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Allegrini
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Preda
- Department of Drug Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Applied Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Baldiraghi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Applied Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Via Emilia 12, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The estrogenic effects of genistein, as reconfirmed by the American National Toxicology Program (USA-NTP), have led to several new clinical studies being undertaken. Here, we highlight the most relevant recent data, reporting either beneficial or adverse effects. RECENT FINDINGS Phytoestrogens are natural molecules from edible plants exhibiting estrogenic activities. Post-USA-NTP studies investigated both human and animal reproductive and other physiological issues. These studies showed that estrogens can be either deleterious for reproduction and estrogen-dependent diseases, or beneficial for those with steroid deficiencies, that is more than 50. The specific outcome depends on exposure level and on the estrogenic status of the patients exposed. Recently, it was reported that, with the industrialization of soybean process, phytoestrogen exposure dramatically increased in both humans and cattle, whereas traditional Asian soy-food-processing empirically removed isoflavones. Phytoestrogen exposure has also become more widespread with the progressive internationalization of soybean use in human and cattle food. SUMMARY Phytoestrogens should be considered as modern endocrine disruptors and studied as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
- aUniversity Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U862 bINSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U1215 Bordeaux cBordeaux Sciences Agro, Gradignan, France
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47
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Nutrition and Food Science - An Obvious but Little-Appreciated Partnership: Lessons Learned from the Road Less Traveled. J Food Sci 2016; 81:2294-2297. [PMID: 27701755 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Jakeman SA, Henry CN, Martin BR, McCabe GP, McCabe LD, Jackson GS, Peacock M, Weaver CM. Soluble corn fiber increases bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women in a dose-dependent manner: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:837-43. [PMID: 27465372 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.132761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary soluble corn fiber (SCF) significantly improves calcium absorption in adolescents and the bone strength and architecture in rodent models. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine the skeletal benefits of SCF in postmenopausal women. DESIGN We used our novel technology of determining bone calcium retention by following the urinary appearance of (41)Ca, a rare long-lived radioisotope, from prelabeled bone to rapidly and sensitively evaluate the effectiveness of SCF in reducing bone loss. A randomized-order, crossover, double-blinded trial was performed in 14 healthy postmenopausal women to compare doses of 0, 10, and 20 g fiber from SCF/d for 50 d. RESULTS A dose-response effect was shown with 10 and 20 g fiber from SCF/d, whereby bone calcium retention was improved by 4.8% (P < 0.05) and 7% (P < 0.04), respectively. The bone turnover biomarkers N-terminal telopeptide and osteocalcin were not changed by the interventions; however, a significant increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, which is a bone-formation marker, was detected between 0 and 20 g fiber from SCF/d (8%; P = 0.035). CONCLUSION Daily SCF consumption significantly increased bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women, which improved the bone calcium balance by an estimated 50 mg/d. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02416947.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - George S Jackson
- Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; and
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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Tousen Y, Matsumoto Y, Matsumoto C, Nishide Y, Nagahata Y, Kobayashi I, Ishimi Y. The combined effects of soya isoflavones and resistant starch on equol production and trabecular bone loss in ovariectomised mice. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:247-57. [PMID: 27197747 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Equol is a metabolite of the soya isoflavone (ISO) daidzein that is produced by intestinal microbiota. Equol has greater oestrogenic activity compared with other ISO, and it prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women. Resistant starch (RS), which has a prebiotic activity and is a dietary fibre, was reported to promote equol production. Conversely, the intestinal microbiota is reported to directly regulate bone health by reducing inflammatory cytokine levels and T-lymphocytes in bone. The present study evaluated the combined effects of diet supplemented with ISO and RS on intestinal microbiota, equol production, bone mineral density (BMD) and inflammatory gene expression in the bone marrow of ovariectomised (OVX) mice. Female ddY strain mice, aged 8 weeks, were either sham-operated (Sham, n 7) or OVX. OVX mice were randomly divided into the following four groups (seven per group): OVX control (OVX); OVX fed 0·05 % ISO diet (OVX+ISO); OVX fed 9 % RS diet (OVX+RS); and OVX fed 0·05 % ISO- and 9 % RS diet (OVX+ISO+RS). After 6 weeks, treatment with the combination of ISO and RS increased equol production, prevented the OVX-induced decline in trabecular BMD in the distal femur by modulating the enteric environment and altered OVX-induced inflammation-related gene expression in the bone marrow. However, there were no significant differences in bone parameters between the ISO+RS and ISO-alone groups in OVX mice. Our findings suggest that the combination of ISO and RS might alter intestinal microbiota and immune status in the bone marrow, resulting in attenuated bone resorption in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tousen
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Yoriko Nishide
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Yuya Nagahata
- 3Product Development Laboratory,J-OIL MILLS,Inc.,11 Kagetoricho,Totsuka-ku,Yokohama,Kanagawa 245-0064,Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- 3Product Development Laboratory,J-OIL MILLS,Inc.,11 Kagetoricho,Totsuka-ku,Yokohama,Kanagawa 245-0064,Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
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50
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Messina M. Impact of Soy Foods on the Development of Breast Cancer and the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients. Complement Med Res 2016; 23:75-80. [PMID: 27161216 DOI: 10.1159/000444735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between soy food intake and breast cancer has been rigorously investigated for more than 25 years. The identification of isoflavones as possible chemopreventive agents helped fuel this line of investigation. These diphenolic compounds, which are found in uniquely-rich amounts in soy beans, possess both estrogen-dependent and -independent properties that potentially inhibit the development of breast cancer. Observational studies show that among Asian women higher soy consumption is associated with an approximate 30% reduction in risk of developing breast cancer. However, evidence suggests that for soy to reduce breast cancer risk consumption must occur early in life, that is during childhood and/or adolescence. Despite the interest in the role of soy in reducing breast cancer risk concerns have arisen that soy foods, because they contain isoflavones, may increase the likelihood of high-risk women developing breast cancer and worsen the prognosis of breast cancer patients. However, extensive clinical and epidemiologic data show these concerns to be unfounded. Clinical trials consistently show that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect markers of breast cancer risk, including mammographic density and cell proliferation. Furthermore, prospective epidemiologic studies involving over 11,000 women from the USA and China show that postdiagnosis soy intake statistically significantly reduces recurrence and improves survival.
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