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Lipinski B, Arras P, Pekar L, Klewinghaus D, Boje AS, Krah S, Zimmermann J, Klausz K, Peipp M, Siegmund V, Evers A, Zielonka S. NKp46-specific single domain antibodies enable facile engineering of various potent NK cell engager formats. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4593. [PMID: 36775946 PMCID: PMC9951198 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the generation of potent NK cell engagers (NKCEs) based on single domain antibodies (sdAbs) specific for NKp46 harboring the humanized Fab version of Cetuximab for tumor targeting. After immunization of camelids, a plethora of different VHH domains were retrieved by yeast surface display. Upon reformatting into Fc effector-silenced NKCEs targeting NKp46 and EGFR in a strictly monovalent fashion, the resulting bispecific antibodies elicited potent NK cell-mediated killing of EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells with potencies (EC50 killing) in the picomolar range. This was further augmented via co-engagement of Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa). Importantly, NKp46-specific sdAbs enabled the construction of various NKCE formats with different geometries and valencies which displayed favorable biophysical and biochemical properties without further optimization. By this means, killing capacities were further improved significantly. Hence, NKp46-specific sdAbs are versatile building blocks for the construction of different NKCE formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Lipinski
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul Arras
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Klewinghaus
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ammelie Svea Boje
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Zimmermann
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vanessa Siegmund
- Protein and Cell Sciences, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Evers
- Computational Chemistry and Biology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Kareva I. Different costs of therapeutic resistance in cancer: Short- and long-term impact of population heterogeneity. Math Biosci 2022; 352:108891. [PMID: 35998834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2022.108891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance continues to undercut long-term success of many promising cancer treatments. At times, development of therapeutic resistance can come at a fitness cost for the cancer cell population, which could potentially be leveraged to the patient's advantage. A mathematical formulation of such a situation was proposed by Pressley et al. (2020), who discussed two scenarios, namely, when developing therapeutic resistance can come at a cost to proliferative capacity (such as when a drug targets a growth receptor), or to the total tumor carrying capacity (such as when a drug targets neovascularization). Here we expand the analysis of the two models and evaluate both short- and long-term dynamics of a population heterogeneous with respect to resistance. We analyze the four initial distributions with respect to resistance at the time of treatment initiation: uniform, bell-shaped, exponential, and U-shaped. We show that final population composition is invariant to the initial distribution, with a single clone eventually dominating within the population; the value of the resistance parameter of the final clone depends on other system parameters but not on the initial distribution. Transitional behaviors, however, which may have more significant implications for immediate treatment decisions, depend critically on the initial distribution. Furthermore, we show that depending on the mechanism for the cost of resistance (i.e., proliferation vs carrying capacity), increase in natural cell death rate has opposite effects, with higher natural death rate selecting for less resistant cell clones in the long term for proliferation-dependent model, and selecting for more resistant cell clones for carrying capacity-dependent model, a prediction that may have implications for combination therapy with cytotoxic agents. We conclude with a discussion of strengths and limitations of using modeling for understanding treatment trajectory, as well as the promise of model-informed evolutionary steering for improved long-term therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kareva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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McCue AC, Yao Z, Kuhlman B. Advances in modular control of CAR-T therapy with adapter-mediated CARs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114358. [PMID: 35618140 PMCID: PMC9939278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein engineering has contributed to successes in the field of T cell-based immunotherapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. CAR T cell therapy has become a pillar of cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating clinical effectiveness against B cell malignancies by targeting the B cell antigen CD19. Current gene editing techniques have limited safety controls over CAR T cell activity, which presents a hurdle for control of CAR T cells in patients. Alternatively, CAR T cell activity can be controlled by engineering CARs to bind soluble adapter molecules that direct the interaction between the CAR T cell and target cell. The flexibility in this adapter-mediated approach overcomes the rigid specificity of traditional CAR T cells to allow targeting of multiple cell types. Here we describe adapter CAR T technologies and how these methods emphasize the growing role of protein engineering in the design of programmable tools for T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C McCue
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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4
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Skibbe K, Brethack AK, Sünderhauf A, Ragab M, Raschdorf A, Hicken M, Schlichting H, Preira J, Brandt J, Castven D, Föh B, Pagel R, Marquardt JU, Sina C, Derer S. Colorectal Cancer Progression Is Potently Reduced by a Glucose-Free, High-Protein Diet: Comparison to Anti-EGFR Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225817. [PMID: 34830971 PMCID: PMC8616508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To study the interplay between nutrition and intestinal metabolism in the context of colitis-driven colorectal carcinoma (CRC), we here investigated a nutritional therapy strategy in the presence or absence of EGFR-directed antibody therapy in mice to treat established colitis-driven CRCs in vivo. After CRC development, mice were fed a control diet or an isoenergetic glucose-free high-protein (GFHP) diet in the presence or absence of EGFR-directed antibody therapy. The GFHP diet was accompanied by a metabolic shift of the mice towards lower glycolysis activity. Both, GFHP diet or anti-EGFR antibody treatment, improved tumor differentiation and anti-tumor immune response, resulting in an efficient reduction of colonic tumor burden. Abstract To enable rapid proliferation, colorectal tumor cells up-regulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and aerobic glycolysis, resulting in substantial lactate release into the tumor microenvironment and impaired anti-tumor immune responses. We hypothesized that a nutritional intervention designed to reduce aerobic glycolysis may boost the EGFR-directed antibody (Ab)-based therapy of pre-existing colitis-driven colorectal carcinoma (CRC). CRC development was induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) administration to C57BL/6 mice. AOM/DSS-treated mice were fed a glucose-free, high-protein diet (GFHPD) or an isoenergetic control diet (CD) in the presence or absence of an i.p. injection of an anti-EGFR mIgG2a or respective controls. AOM/DSS-treated mice on a GFHPD displayed a reduced systemic glucose metabolism associated with reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex IV expression and diminished tumor loads. Comparable but not additive to an anti-EGFR-Ab therapy, the GFHPD was accompanied by enhanced tumoral goblet cell differentiation and decreased colonic PD-L1 and splenic CD3ε, as well as PD-1 immune checkpoint expression. In vitro, glucose-free, high-amino acid culture conditions reduced proliferation but improved goblet cell differentiation of murine and human CRC cell lines MC-38 and HT29-MTX in combination with down-regulation of PD-L1 expression. We here found GFHPD to systemically dampen glycolysis activity, thereby reducing CRC progression with a similar efficacy to EGFR-directed antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Skibbe
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Brethack
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Annika Sünderhauf
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Mohab Ragab
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Annika Raschdorf
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Maren Hicken
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Heidi Schlichting
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Joyce Preira
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Jennifer Brandt
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Darko Castven
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (D.C.); (J.U.M.)
| | - Bandik Föh
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - René Pagel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany;
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (D.C.); (J.U.M.)
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; (K.S.); (A.-K.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (A.R.); (M.H.); (H.S.); (J.P.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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He L, Takahashi K, Pasic L, Narui C, Ellinger P, Grundmann M, Takahashi T. The effects of CD148 Q276P/R326Q polymorphisms in A431D epidermoid cancer cell proliferation and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1566. [PMID: 34791835 PMCID: PMC9458507 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD148 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed in multiple cell types. Previous studies have shown that CD148 dephosphorylates growth factor receptors and their signaling molecules, including EGFR and ERK1/2, and negatively regulates cancer cell growth. Furthermore, research of clinical patients has shown that highly linked CD148 gene polymorphisms, Gln276Pro (Q276P) and Arg326Gln (R326Q), are associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer. However, the biological effects of these missense mutations have not been studied. AIM We aimed to determine the biological effects of CD148 Q276P/R326Q mutations in cancer cell proliferation and growth factor signaling, with emphasis on EGFR signaling. METHODS CD148 forms, wild-type (WT) or Q276P/R326Q, were retrovirally introduced into A431D epidermoid carcinoma cells that lacks CD148 expression. The stable cells that express comparable levels of CD148 were sorted by flow cytometry. A431D cells infected with empty retrovirus was used as a control. CD148 localization, cell proliferation rate, EGFR signaling, and the response to thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), a CD148 ligand, were assessed by immunostaining, cell proliferation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting. RESULTS Both CD148 forms (WT, Q276P/R326Q) were distributed to cell surface and all three cell lines expressed same level of EGFR. Compared to control cells, the A431D cells that express CD148 forms showed significantly lower cell proliferation rates. EGF-induced EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as cell proliferation were also significantly reduced in these cells. Furthermore, TSP1 inhibited cell proliferation in CD148 (WT, Q276P/R326Q)-expressing A431D cells, while it showed no effects in control cells. However, significant differences were not observed between CD148 WT and Q276P/R326Q cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that Q276P/R326Q mutations do not have major effects on TSP1-CD148 interaction as well as on CD148's cellular localization and activity to inhibit EGFR signaling and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly He
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lejla Pasic
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chikage Narui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Philipp Ellinger
- Bayer AG Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Bayer AG Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Gruijs M, Ganzevles SH, Stigter-van Walsum M, van der Mast R, van Ostaijen-ten Dam MM, Tuk CW, Schilham MW, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH, van Egmond M, van de Ven R, Bakema JE. NK Cell-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Immunotherapy Is Improved In Vitro and In Vivo When Combined with Agonists for Toll-like Receptor 2 in Head and Neck Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11057. [PMID: 34681717 PMCID: PMC8541276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive character of head and neck cancers may explain the relatively low response rates to antibody therapy targeting a tumor antigen, such as cetuximab, and anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition. Immunostimulatory agents that overcome tumor-derived inhibitory signals could augment therapeutic efficacy, thereby enhancing tumor elimination and improving patient survival. Here, we demonstrate that cetuximab treatment combined with immunostimulatory agonists for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 induces profound immune responses. Natural killer (NK) cells, isolated from healthy individuals or patients with head and neck cancer, harbored enhanced cytotoxic capacity and increased tumor-killing potential in vitro. Additionally, combination treatment increased the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by NK cells. Tumor-bearing mice that received cetuximab and the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 showed increased infiltration of immune cells into the tumors compared to mice that received cetuximab monotherapy, resulting in a significant delay in tumor growth or even complete tumor regression. Moreover, combination treatment resulted in improved overall survival in vivo. In conclusion, combining tumor-targeting antibody-based immunotherapy with TLR stimulation represents a promising treatment strategy to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. This treatment could well be applied together with other therapeutic strategies such as anti-PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibition to further overcome immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cetuximab/pharmacology
- Cetuximab/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lipopeptides/pharmacology
- Lipopeptides/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Receptors, IgG/agonists
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Gruijs
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Sonja H. Ganzevles
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Marijke Stigter-van Walsum
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Richard van der Mast
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Monique M. van Ostaijen-ten Dam
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.M.v.O.-t.D.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Cornelis W. Tuk
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Marco W. Schilham
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.M.v.O.-t.D.); (M.W.S.)
| | - C. René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Jantine E. Bakema
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
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7
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Wingert S, Reusch U, Knackmuss S, Kluge M, Damrat M, Pahl J, Schniegler-Mattox U, Mueller T, Fucek I, Ellwanger K, Tesar M, Haneke T, Koch J, Treder M, Fischer W, Rajkovic E. Preclinical evaluation of AFM24, a novel CD16A-specific innate immune cell engager targeting EGFR-positive tumors. MAbs 2021; 13:1950264. [PMID: 34325617 PMCID: PMC8331026 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1950264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted cancer therapy such as anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy. However, there remains a medical need addressing limitations of these therapies, which include a narrow therapeutic window mainly due to skin and organ toxicity, and primary and secondary resistance mechanisms of the EGFR-signaling cascade (e.g., RAS-mutated colorectal cancer). Using the redirected optimized cell killing (ROCK®) antibody platform, we have developed AFM24, a novel bispecific, IgG1-scFv fusion antibody targeting CD16A on innate immune cells, and EGFR on tumor cells. We herein demonstrate binding of AFM24 to CD16A on natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages with KD values in the low nanomolar range and to various EGFR-expressing tumor cells. AFM24 was highly potent and effective for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity via NK cells, and also mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis via macrophages in vitro. Importantly, AFM24 was effective toward a variety of EGFR-expressing tumor cells, regardless of EGFR expression level and KRAS/BRAF mutational status. In vivo, AFM24 was well tolerated up to the highest dose (75 mg/kg) when administered to cynomolgus monkeys once weekly for 28 days. Notably, skin and other toxicities were not observed. A transient elevation of interleukin-6 levels was detected at all dose levels, 2-4 hours post-dose, which returned to baseline levels after 24 hours. These results emphasize the promise of bispecific innate cell engagers as an alternative cancer therapy and demonstrate the potential for AFM24 to effectively target tumors expressing varying levels of EGFR, regardless of their mutational status.Abbreviations: ADA: antidrug antibody; ADCC: antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; ADCP: antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis; AUC: area under the curve; CAR: chimeric-antigen receptor; CD: Cluster of differentiation; CRC :colorectal cancer; ECD: extracellular domain; EGF: epidermal growth factorEGFR epidermal growth factor receptor; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; Fc: fragment, crystallizableFv variable fragment; HNSCC: head and neck squamous carcinomaIL interleukinm; Ab monoclonal antibody; MOA: mechanism of action; NK :natural killer; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PD: pharmacodynamic; ROCK: redirected optimized cell killing; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; SABC: specific antibody binding capacity; SD: standard deviation; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; WT: wildtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Reusch
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kluge
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Damrat
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Pahl
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mueller
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivica Fucek
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Tesar
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Haneke
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Koch
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Treder
- Formerly Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. Now: Arjuna Therapeutics, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Erich Rajkovic
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Ustyanovska Avtenyuk N, Visser N, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The Neutrophil: The Underdog That Packs a Punch in the Fight against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7820. [PMID: 33105656 PMCID: PMC7659937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has had a major impact on the outcome and overall survival in many types of cancer. Current immunotherapeutic strategies typically aim to (re)activate anticancer T cell immunity, although the targeting of macrophage-mediated anticancer innate immunity has also emerged in recent years. Neutrophils, although comprising ≈ 60% of all white blood cells in the circulation, are still largely overlooked in this respect. Nevertheless, neutrophils have evident anticancer activity and can induce phagocytosis, trogocytosis, as well as the direct cytotoxic elimination of cancer cells. Furthermore, therapeutic tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies trigger anticancer immune responses through all innate Fc-receptor expressing cells, including neutrophils. Indeed, the depletion of neutrophils strongly reduced the efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatment and increased tumor progression in various preclinical studies. In addition, the infusion of neutrophils in murine cancer models reduced tumor progression. However, evidence on the anticancer effects of neutrophils is fragmentary and mostly obtained in in vitro assays or murine models with reports on anticancer neutrophil activity in humans lagging behind. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the available knowledge of anticancer activity by neutrophils. Furthermore, we will describe strategies being explored for the therapeutic activation of anticancer neutrophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
| | - Valerie R. Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
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9
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Delcanale P, Porciani D, Pujals S, Jurkevich A, Chetrusca A, Tawiah KD, Burke DH, Albertazzi L. Aptamers with Tunable Affinity Enable Single-Molecule Tracking and Localization of Membrane Receptors on Living Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18546-18555. [PMID: 32627326 PMCID: PMC7590183 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell-surface markers are usually overexpressed or mutated protein receptors for which spatiotemporal regulation differs between and within cancers. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging can profile individual markers in different cellular contexts with molecular precision. However, standard single-molecule imaging methods based on overexpressed genetically encoded tags or cumbersome probes can significantly alter the native state of receptors. We introduce a live-cell points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) method that exploits aptamers as minimally invasive affinity probes. Localization and tracking of individual receptors are based on stochastic and transient binding between aptamers and their targets. We demonstrated single-molecule imaging of a model tumor marker (EGFR) on a panel of living cancer cells. Affinity to EGFR was finely tuned by rational engineering of aptamer sequences to define receptor motion and/or native receptor density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 15–2108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Missouri-Columbia1 Hospital DrColumbiaMO65212USA
- MU Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri-Columbia1201 Rollins StreetColumbiaMO65211-7310USA
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 15–2108028BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of PhysicsUniversitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexander Jurkevich
- Molecular Cytology Core at MU Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri-ColumbiaUSA
| | - Andrian Chetrusca
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 15–2108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Kwaku D. Tawiah
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia117 Schweitzer HallColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Donald H. Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Missouri-Columbia1 Hospital DrColumbiaMO65212USA
- MU Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri-Columbia1201 Rollins StreetColumbiaMO65211-7310USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia117 Schweitzer HallColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 15–2108028BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS)Eindhoven University of Technology5612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
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10
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Delcanale P, Porciani D, Pujals S, Jurkevich A, Chetrusca A, Tawiah KD, Burke DH, Albertazzi L. Aptamers with Tunable Affinity Enable Single‐Molecule Tracking and Localization of Membrane Receptors on Living Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 15–21 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology School of Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia 1 Hospital Dr Columbia MO 65212 USA
- MU Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri-Columbia 1201 Rollins Street Columbia MO 65211-7310 USA
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 15–21 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Physics Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alexander Jurkevich
- Molecular Cytology Core at MU Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri-Columbia USA
| | - Andrian Chetrusca
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 15–21 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Kwaku D. Tawiah
- Department of Biochemistry University of Missouri-Columbia 117 Schweitzer Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Donald H. Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology School of Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia 1 Hospital Dr Columbia MO 65212 USA
- MU Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri-Columbia 1201 Rollins Street Columbia MO 65211-7310 USA
- Department of Biochemistry University of Missouri-Columbia 117 Schweitzer Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 15–21 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) Eindhoven University of Technology 5612AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
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11
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Pedersen DV, Rösner T, Hansen AG, Andersen KR, Thiel S, Andersen GR, Valerius T, Laursen NS. Recruitment of properdin by bi-specific nanobodies activates the alternative pathway of complement. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:200-210. [PMID: 32599335 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complement system represents a powerful part of the innate immune system capable of removing pathogens and damaged host cells. Nevertheless, only a subset of therapeutic antibodies are capable of inducing complement dependent cytotoxicity, which has fuelled the search for new strategies to potentiate complement activation. Properdin (FP) functions as a positive complement regulator by stabilizing the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Here, we explore a novel strategy for direct activation of the alternative pathway of complement using bi-specific single domain antibodies (nanobodies) that recruit endogenous FP to a cell surface. As a proof-of-principle, we generated bi-specific nanobodies with specificity toward FP and the validated cancer antigen epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and tested their ability to activate complement onto cancer cell lines expressing EGFR. Treatment led to recruitment of FP, complement activation and significant deposition of C3 fragments on the cells in a manner sensitive to the geometry of FP recruitment. The bi-specific nanobodies induced complement dependent lysis of baby hamster kidney cells expressing human EGFR but were unable to lyse human tumour cells due to the presence of complement regulators. Our results confirm that FP can function as a surface bound focal point for initiation of complement activation independent of prior C3b deposition. However, recruitment of FP by bi-specific nanobodies appears insufficient for overcoming the inhibitory action of the negative complement regulators overexpressed by many human tumour cell lines. Our data provide general information on the efficacy of properdin as an initiator of complement but suggest that properdin recruitment on its own may have limited utility as a platform for potent complement activation on regulated cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis V Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette G Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høgh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høgh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nick S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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12
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Greene MK, Nogueira JCF, Tracey SR, Richards DA, McDaid WJ, Burrows JF, Campbell K, Longley DB, Chudasama V, Scott CJ. Refined construction of antibody-targeted nanoparticles leads to superior antigen binding and enhanced delivery of an entrapped payload to pancreatic cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11647-11658. [PMID: 32436550 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-targeted nanoparticles have shown exceptional promise as delivery vehicles for anticancer drugs, although manufacturability challenges have hampered clinical progress. These include the potential for uncontrolled and random antibody conjugation, resulting in masked or inactive paratopes and unwanted Fc domain interactions. To circumvent these issues, we show that the interchain disulfide of cetuximab F(ab) may be selectively re-bridged with a strained alkyne handle, to permit 'click' coupling to azide-capped nanoparticles in a highly uniform and oriented manner. When compared to conventional carbodiimide chemistry, this conjugation approach leads to the generation of nanoparticles with a higher surface loading of cetuximab F(ab) and with markedly improved ability to bind to the target epidermal growth factor receptor. Moreover, we show that entrapment of a camptothecin payload within these nanoparticles can enhance drug targeting to antigen-expressing pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in superior cytotoxicity versus the conventional nanoformulation. Collectively, this work highlights the critical need to develop refined methods for the construction of targeted nanoparticles that will accelerate their clinical translation through improved performance and manufacturability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Greene
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Shannon R Tracey
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - William J McDaid
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Christopher J Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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13
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Garvey CM, Lau R, Sanchez A, Sun RX, Fong EJ, Doche ME, Chen O, Jusuf A, Lenz HJ, Larson B, Mumenthaler SM. Anti-EGFR Therapy Induces EGF Secretion by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Confer Colorectal Cancer Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061393. [PMID: 32481658 PMCID: PMC7352975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted agents have improved the efficacy of chemotherapy for cancer patients, however, there remains a lack of understanding of how these therapies affect the unsuspecting bystanders of the stromal microenvironment. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody therapy targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is given in combination with chemotherapy as the standard of care for a subset of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. The overall response to this treatment is underwhelming and, while genetic mutations that confer resistance have been identified, it is still not known why this drug is ineffective for some patients. We discovered that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major cellular subset of the tumor stroma, can provide a source of cancer cell resistance. Specifically, we observed that upon treatment with cetuximab, CAFs increased their secretion of EGF, which was sufficient to render neighboring cancer cells resistant to cetuximab treatment through sustained mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling. Furthermore, we show the cetuximab-induced EGF secretion to be specific to CAFs and not to cancer cells or normal fibroblasts. Altogether, this work emphasizes the importance of the tumor microenvironment and considering the potential unintended consequences of therapeutically targeting cancer-driving proteins on non-tumorigenic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Garvey
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Roy Lau
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Alyssa Sanchez
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Ren X. Sun
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Emma J. Fong
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Michael E. Doche
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Oscar Chen
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Anthony Jusuf
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Brent Larson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Shannon M. Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (C.M.G.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (R.X.S.); (E.J.F.); (M.E.D.); (O.C.); (A.J.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-323-442-2529
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14
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Inhibition of human lung adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis by JC polyomavirus-like particles packaged with an SP-B promoter-driven CD59-specific shRNA. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2159-2169. [PMID: 31693732 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks first in both incidence and mortality and is a major health concern worldwide. Upon recognition of specific antigens on tumor cells, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is activated, arresting cell growth or inducing apoptosis. However, by overexpressing CD59, a membrane complement regulatory protein (mCRP), lung cancer cells develop resistance to CDC. We previously showed that virus-like particles (VLPs) of human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) could be used as a gene therapy vector to carry a suicide gene expression plasmid with a lung-specific promoter (SP-B (surfactant protein B)) for lung adenocarcinomas. Herein, we designed a CD59-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmid driven by SP-B (pSPB-shCD59) to effectively and specifically inhibit CD59 overexpression in lung cancer cells. Treatment of lung cancer cells in vitro with JCPyV VLPs containing pSPB-shCD59 (pSPB-shCD59/VLPs) induces CDC and death of cancer cells. Mice that were subcutaneously injected with human lung cancer cells showed an 87% inhibition in tumor growth after tail vein injection of pSPB-shCD59/VLPs. Moreover, in a mouse model of lung cancer metastasis, a reduction in the lung weight by 39%, compared with the control group, was observed in mice treated with pSPB-shCD59/VLPs after tail vein injection of human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, tissue sectioning showed that the number and size of tumors produced was significantly reduced in the lungs of mice in the treatment group than those of the untreated group, indicating inhibition of metastasis by pSPB-shCD59/VLPs. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of pSPB-shCD59/VLPs as a therapeutic agent for CD59 overexpressed lung cancer.
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15
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Koristka S, Ziller-Walter P, Bergmann R, Arndt C, Feldmann A, Kegler A, Cartellieri M, Ehninger A, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Bachmann MP. Anti-CAR-engineered T cells for epitope-based elimination of autologous CAR T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1401-1415. [PMID: 31414180 PMCID: PMC6768917 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although CAR T-cell therapy has demonstrated tremendous clinical efficacy especially in hematological malignancies, severe treatment-associated toxicities still compromise the widespread application of this innovative technology. Therefore, developing novel approaches to abrogate CAR T-cell-mediated side effects is of great relevance. Several promising strategies pursue the selective antibody-based depletion of adoptively transferred T cells via elimination markers. However, given the limited half-life and tissue penetration, dependence on the patients’ immune system and on-target/off-side effects of proposed monoclonal antibodies, we sought to exploit αCAR-engineered T cells to efficiently eliminate CAR T cells. For comprehensive and specific recognition, a small peptide epitope (E-tag) was incorporated into the extracellular spacer region of CAR constructs. We provide first proof-of-concept for targeting this epitope by αE-tag CAR T cells, allowing an effective killing of autologous E-tagged CAR T cells both in vitro and in vivo whilst sparing cells lacking the E-tag. In addition to CAR T-cell cytotoxicity, the αE-tag-specific T cells can be empowered with cancer-fighting ability in case of relapse, hence, have versatile utility. Our proposed methodology can most probably be implemented in CAR T-cell therapies regardless of the targeted tumor antigen aiding in improving overall safety and survival control of highly potent gene-modified cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- PC-3 Cells
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Koristka
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Ziller-Walter
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Cartellieri
- Cellex Patient Treatment GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Armin Ehninger
- GEMoaB Monoclonals GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Cellex Patient Treatment GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- GEMoaB Monoclonals GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael P Bachmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Hwang MS, Strainic MG, Pohlmann E, Kim H, Pluskota E, Ramirez-Bergeron DL, Plow EF, Medof ME. VEGFR2 survival and mitotic signaling depends on joint activation of associated C3ar1/C5ar1 and IL-6R-gp130. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.219352. [PMID: 30765465 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified vascular endothelial cell (EC) growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) auto-phosphorylates upon VEGF-A occupation in vitro, arguing that VEGR2 confers its mitotic and viability signaling in and of itself. Herein, we show that, in ECs, VEGFR2 function requires concurrent C3a/C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-gp130 co-signaling. C3ar1/C5ar1 or IL-6R blockade totally abolished VEGFR2 auto-phosphorylation, downstream Src, ERK, AKT, mTOR and STAT3 activation, and EC cell cycle entry. VEGF-A augmented production of C3a/C5a/IL-6 and their receptors via a two-step p-Tyk2/p-STAT3 process. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses, confocal microscopy, ligand pulldown and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays all indicated that the four receptors are physically interactive. Angiogenesis in murine day 5 retinas and in adult tissues was accelerated when C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling was potentiated, but repressed when it was disabled. Thus, C3ar1/C5ar1 and IL-6R-gp130 joint activation is needed to enable physiological VEGFR2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shih Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael G Strainic
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elliot Pohlmann
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Haesuk Kim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Diana L Ramirez-Bergeron
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - M Edward Medof
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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17
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Mechanical properties of Bio-Ferrography isolated cancerous cells studied by atomic force microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 91:345-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Improvement and extension of anti-EGFR targeting in breast cancer therapy by integration with the Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-Assemblies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4070. [PMID: 30287819 PMCID: PMC6172284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, personalized cancer therapy relies on small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, or antibody–drug conjugates (ADC). Many nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems are also actively investigated, but their advantage over ADCs has not been demonstrated yet. Here, using the Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-Assemblies (ANANAS), a class of polyavidins multifuctionalizable with stoichiometric control, we compare quantitatively anti-EGFR antibody(cetuximab)-targeted NPs to the corresponding ADC. We show that ANANAS tethering of cetuximab promotes a more efficient EGFR-dependent vesicle-mediated internalization. Cetuximab-guided ANANAS carrying doxorubicin are more cytotoxic in vitro and much more potent in vivo than the corresponding ADC, leading to 43% tumor reduction at low drug dosage (0.56 mg/kg). Advantage of cetuximab-guided ANANAS with respect to the ADC goes beyond the increase in drug-to-antibody ratio. Even if further studies are needed, we propose that NP tethering could expand application of the anti-EGFR antibody to a wider number of cancer patients including the KRAS-mutated ones, currently suffering from poor prognosis. The nature of the linker is known to affect the efficacy of antibody–drug conjugate (ADC). Here the authors show cetuximab-guided Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nanoassemblies to be superior to cetuximab-doxorubicin conjugate, and show its efficacy in KRAS mutant breast cancer, allowing for therapeutic expansion of anti-EGFR therapy.
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19
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Rösner T, Kahle S, Montenegro F, Matlung HL, Jansen JHM, Evers M, Beurskens F, Leusen JHW, van den Berg TK, Valerius T. Immune Effector Functions of Human IgG2 Antibodies against EGFR. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:75-88. [PMID: 30282813 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three FDA-approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab) are clinically available to treat patients with different types of cancers. Interestingly, panitumumab is of human IgG2 isotype, which is often considered to have limited immune effector functions. Unexpectedly, our studies unraveled that human IgG2 antibodies against EGFR mediated effective CDC when combined with another noncross-blocking EGFR antibody. This second antibody could be of human IgG1 or IgG2 isotype. Furthermore, EGFR antibodies of human IgG2 isotype were highly potent in recruiting myeloid effector cells such as M1 macrophages and PMN for tumor cell killing by ADCC. Tumor cell killing by PMN was more effective with IgG2 than with IgG1 antibodies if tumor cells expressed lower levels of EGFR. Additionally, lower expression levels of the "don't eat me" molecule CD47 on tumor cells enabled ADCC also by M2 macrophages, and improved PMN and macrophage-mediated ADCC. A TCGA enquiry revealed broadly varying CD47 expression levels across different solid tumor types. Together, these results demonstrate that human IgG2 antibodies against EGFR can promote significant Fc-mediated effector functions, which may contribute to their clinical efficacy. The future challenge will be to identify clinical situations in which myeloid effector cells can optimally contribute to antibody efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Kahle
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Montenegro
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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20
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The promise and challenges of immune agonist antibody development in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:509-527. [PMID: 29904196 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell functions are regulated by co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors. The first two generations of cancer immunotherapy agents consist primarily of antagonist antibodies that block negative immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4). Looking ahead, there is substantial promise in targeting co-stimulatory receptors with agonist antibodies, and a growing number of these agents are making their way through various stages of development. This Review discusses the key considerations and potential pitfalls of immune agonist antibody design and development, their differentiating features from antagonist antibodies and the landscape of agonist antibodies in clinical development for cancer treatment.
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21
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Kol A, Terwisscha van Scheltinga A, Pool M, Gerdes C, de Vries E, de Jong S. ADCC responses and blocking of EGFR-mediated signaling and cell growth by combining the anti-EGFR antibodies imgatuzumab and cetuximab in NSCLC cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45432-45446. [PMID: 28467975 PMCID: PMC5542198 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Imgatuzumab is a novel glycoengineered anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody optimized to induce both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and EGFR signal transduction inhibition. We investigated anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies imgatuzumab and cetuximab–induced internalization and membranous turnover of EGFR, and whether this affected imgatuzumab–mediated ADCC responses and growth inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In a panel of wild-type EGFR expressing human NSCLC cell lines, membranous and total EGFR levels were downregulated more effectively by imgatuzumab when compared with cetuximab. Imgatuzumab plus cetuximab enhanced EGFR internalization and reduced membranous turnover of EGFR, resulting in an even stronger downregulation of EGFR. Immunofluorescent analysis showed that combined treatment increased clustering of receptor-antibody complexes and directed internalized EGFR to lysosomes. The antibody combination potently inhibited intracellular signaling and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent cell proliferation. More importantly, robust EGFR downregulation after 72 hours with the antibody combination did not impair ADCC responses. In conclusion, imgatuzumab plus cetuximab leads to a strong downregulation of EGFR and superior cell growth inhibition in vitro without affecting antibody-induced ADCC responses. These findings support further clinical exploration of the antibody combination in EGFR wild-type NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Kol
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Terwisscha van Scheltinga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pool
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gerdes
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Zhao XM, Pan SY, Huang QL, Lu YN, Wu XH, Chang JH, Liu ZB, Cai XW, Liu Q, Wang JL, Fu XL. PA-MSHA in combination with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor: A new strategy to overcome the drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49384-49396. [PMID: 27283902 PMCID: PMC5226515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by Gefitinib provides a promising treatment strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, drug resistance to Gefitinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors presents a major issue. Using NSCLC cell lines with differential EGFR status, we examined the potency of PA-MSHA (Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin) in combination with Gefitinib on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, EGFR signaling and tumor growth. PC-9, A549, and NCI-H1975 cells were treated with PA-MSHA, Gefetinib, or PA-MSHA plus Gefetinib at different concentrations and times. The effects of the drugs on proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated. The activation of EGFR and apoptotic signaling-related molecules was evaluated by Western blotting in the presence or absence of EGFR siRNA. Tumor growth and pathway signaling activation was assessed by xenografts in nude mice. A time-dependent and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect of PA-MSHA was observed in all NSCLC cells tested. The combination of PA-MSHA plus Gefitinib enhanced the growth inhibition, sub-G1 content and apoptosis over that observed with either agent alone. Furthermore, the combination of PA-MSHA plus Gefitinib resulted in caspase-3/caspase-9 cleavage and increased inhibition of EGFR-dependent activation of AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Combination treatment was more effective in reducing tumor size and EGFR activation than either agent alone. These data suggest that PA-MSHA and Gefitinib function additively to suppress the proliferative effects of NSCLC cells of differential EGFR status. The combination of PA-MSHA and Gefitinib provides a potential new strategy to conquer drug resistance for anti-EGFR-targeted therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yun Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beijing Wanter Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Huairou Yanqi Economic-Technical Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Ling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Beijing Wanter Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Huairou Yanqi Economic-Technical Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - You-Ni Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beijing Wanter Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Huairou Yanqi Economic-Technical Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Bin Liu
- Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Wei Cai
- Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Fu
- Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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The Influence of EGFR Inactivation on the Radiation Response in High Grade Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010229. [PMID: 29329222 PMCID: PMC5796178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effectiveness of radiation therapy may arise from different factors such as radiation induced receptor tyrosine kinase activation and cell repopulation; cell capability to repair radiation induced DNA damage; high grade glioma (HGG) tumous heterogeneity, etc. In this study, we analyzed the potential of targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in inducing radiosensitivity in two human HGG cell lines (11 and 15) that displayed similar growth patterns and expressed the receptor protein at the cell surface. We found that 15 HGG cells that express more EGFR at the cell surface were more sensitive to AG556 (an EGFR inhibitor), compared to 11 HGG cells. Although in line 15 the effect of the inhibitor was greater than in line 11, it should be noted that the efficacy of this small-molecule EGFR inhibitor as monotherapy in both cell lines has been modest, at best. Our data showed a slight difference in the response to radiation of the HGG cell lines, three days after the treatment, with line 15 responding better than line 11. However, both cell lines responded to ionizing radiation in the same way, seven days after irradiation. EGFR inhibition induced radiosensitivity in 11 HGG cells, while, in 15 HGG cells, the effect of AG556 treatment on radiation response was almost nonexistent.
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24
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Chen J, Almo SC, Wu Y. General principles of binding between cell surface receptors and multi-specific ligands: A computational study. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005805. [PMID: 29016600 PMCID: PMC5654264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between membrane receptors and extracellular ligands control cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, and environmental responsiveness by representing the initial steps of cell signaling pathways. These interactions can be spatial-temporally regulated when different extracellular ligands are tethered. The detailed mechanisms of this spatial-temporal regulation, including the competition between distinct ligands with overlapping binding sites and the conformational flexibility in multi-specific ligand assemblies have not been quantitatively evaluated. We present a new coarse-grained model to realistically simulate the binding process between multi-specific ligands and membrane receptors on cell surfaces. The model simplifies each receptor and each binding site in a multi-specific ligand as a rigid body. Different numbers or types of ligands are spatially organized together in the simulation. These designs were used to test the relation between the overall binding of a multi-specific ligand and the affinity of its cognate binding site. When a variety of ligands are exposed to cells expressing different densities of surface receptors, we demonstrated that ligands with reduced affinities have higher specificity to distinguish cells based on the relative concentrations of their receptors. Finally, modification of intramolecular flexibility was shown to play a role in optimizing the binding between receptors and ligands. In summary, our studies bring new insights to the general principles of ligand-receptor interactions. Future applications of our method will pave the way for new strategies to generate next-generation biologics. In order to adapt to surrounding environments, multiple signaling pathways have been evolved in cells. The first step of these pathways is to detect external stimuli, which is conducted by the dynamic interactions between cell surface receptors and extracellular ligands. As a result, recognition of extracellular ligands by cell surface receptors is an indispensable component of many physiological or pathological activities. In both natural selection and drug design, the presence of multiple binding sites in extracellular ligand complexes (so-called multi-specific ligands) is a common strategy to target different receptors on surface of the same cell. Such spatial organization of ligand binding sites can elaborately modulate the downstream signaling pathways. However, our understanding to the interactions between multi-specific ligands and membrane receptors is largely limited by the fact that these interactions are difficult to quantify and they have only been successfully measured in a very small number of cases in vivo. Using a simple computational model, we can realistically simulate the binding process between specially designed multi-specific ligands and membrane receptors on cell surfaces. This study therefore provides a useful pathway to unravel basic mechanisms of ligand-receptor interactions and design principles for new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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68 Ga labeled Erlotinib: A novel PET probe for imaging EGFR over-expressing tumors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4552-4557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Fang Y, Chu TH, Ackerman ME, Griswold KE. Going native: Direct high throughput screening of secreted full-length IgG antibodies against cell membrane proteins. MAbs 2017; 9:1253-1261. [PMID: 28933630 PMCID: PMC5680790 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1381812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gel microdroplet – fluorescence activated cell sorting (GMD-FACS) is an innovative high throughput screening platform for recombinant protein libraries, and we show here that GMD-FACS can overcome many of the limitations associated with conventional screening methods for antibody libraries. For example, phage and cell surface display benefit from exceptionally high throughput, but generally require high quality, soluble antigen target and necessitate the use of anchored antibody fragments. In contrast, the GMD-FACS assay can screen for soluble, secreted, full-length IgGs at rates of several thousand clones per second, and the technique enables direct screening against membrane protein targets in their native cellular context. In proof-of-concept experiments, rare anti-EGFR antibody clones were efficiently enriched from a 10,000-fold excess of anti-CCR5 clones in just three days. Looking forward, GMD-FACS has the potential to contribute to antibody discovery and engineering for difficult targets, such as ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Fang
- a Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Thach H Chu
- a Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- a Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Karl E Griswold
- a Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,c Immunology & Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon , NH , USA.,d Department of Biological Sciences , Dartmouth , Hanover , NH.,e Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA
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27
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Wycisk V, Achazi K, Hirsch O, Kuehne C, Dernedde J, Haag R, Licha K. Heterobifunctional Dyes: Highly Fluorescent Linkers Based on Cyanine Dyes. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:437-446. [PMID: 28638777 PMCID: PMC5474662 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a new synthetic route to cyanine-based heterobifunctional dyes and their application as fluorescent linkers between polymers and biomolecules. The synthesized compounds, designed in the visible spectral range, are equipped with two different reactive groups for highly selective conjugation under physiological conditions. By applying indolenine precursors with functionalized benzenes, we achieved water-soluble asymmetric cyanine dyes bearing maleimido and N-hydroxysuccinimidyl functionalities in a three-step synthesis. Spectroscopic characterization revealed good molar absorption coefficients and moderate fluorescence quantum yields. Further reaction with polyethylene glycol yielded dye-polymer conjugates that were subsequently coupled to the antibody cetuximab, often applied in cancer therapy. Successful coupling was confirmed by mass shifts detected by gel electrophoresis. Receptor-binding studies and live-cell imaging revealed that labeling did not alter the biological function. In sum, we provided a successful synthetic pathway to rigid heterobifunctional cyanine dyes that are applicable as fluorescent linkers, for example, for connecting antibodies with macromolecules. Our approach contributes to the field of bioconjugation chemistry, such as antibody-drug conjugates by combining diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Wycisk
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Ole Hirsch
- Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltAbbestr. 2–1210587BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Kuehne
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Kai Licha
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
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28
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Hart F, Danielczyk A, Goletz S. Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020042. [PMID: 28952521 PMCID: PMC5590476 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. However, IgA production and purification is not well established, which can at least in part be attributed to the more complex glycosylation as compared to IgG antibodies. IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen–Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hart
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Street 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Antje Danielczyk
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Street 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Street 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Chung S, Nguyen V, Lin YL, Kamen L, Song A. Thaw-and-use target cells pre-labeled with calcein AM for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 2017; 447:37-46. [PMID: 28434980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays are routinely performed to support the research and development of therapeutic antibodies. In ADCC assays, target cells bound by the antibodies are lysed by activated effector cells following interactions between the Fc region of the bound antibody and Fcγ receptors on effector cells. Target cell lysis is typically measured by quantification of released endogenous enzymes, e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, or measurement of released exogenous labels, e.g., 51Cr, europium or calcein. ADCC assays based on the detection of exogenous labels released from lysed target cells generally show higher sensitivity and require shorter incubation times. However, target cells are usually labeled immediately prior to assay, which inadvertently introduces additional assay variations due to differences in target cell conditions and labeling/handling processes. In this report, we describe the use of thaw-and-use pre-labeled target cells for ADCC assays. Thaw-and-use target cells in our experiments were pre-labeled with the fluorescent dye calcein AM, cryopreserved in single-use aliquots and used directly in assays after thawing. Upon thaw, the pre-labeled cells displayed viability and label retention comparable to freshly labeled cells, responded to ADCC mediated by both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and engineered natural killer cells, performed stably for at least 3 years and provided favorable precision and accuracy to ADCC assays. Implementation of thaw-and-use pre-labeled target cells in ADCC assays can help to alleviate both cell culture and dye labeling derived variability, increase the flexibility of assay scheduling and improve assay consistency and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chung
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States.
| | - Van Nguyen
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Yuwen Linda Lin
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Lynn Kamen
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - An Song
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
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30
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Cleary KLS, Chan HTC, James S, Glennie MJ, Cragg MS. Antibody Distance from the Cell Membrane Regulates Antibody Effector Mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3999-4011. [PMID: 28404636 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using mAbs, such as rituximab, is an established means of treating hematological malignancies. Abs can elicit a number of mechanisms to delete target cells, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. The inherent properties of the target molecule help to define which of these mechanisms are more important for efficacy. However, it is often unclear why mAb binding to different epitopes within the same target elicits different levels of therapeutic activity. To specifically address whether distance from the target cell membrane influences the aforementioned effector mechanisms, a panel of fusion proteins consisting of a CD20 or CD52 epitope attached to various CD137 scaffold molecules was generated. The CD137 scaffold was modified through the removal or addition of cysteine-rich extracellular domains to produce a panel of chimeric molecules that held the target epitope at different distances along the protein. It was shown that complement-dependent cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity favored a membrane-proximal epitope, whereas Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis favored an epitope positioned further away. These findings were confirmed using reagents targeting the membrane-proximal or -distal domains of CD137 itself before investigating these properties in vivo, where a clear difference in the splenic clearance of transfected tumor cells was observed. Together, this work demonstrates how altering the position of the Ab epitope is able to change the effector mechanisms engaged and facilitates the selection of mAbs designed to delete target cells through specific effector mechanisms and provide more effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie L S Cleary
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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Thakur MK, Wozniak AJ. Spotlight on necitumumab in the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 8:13-19. [PMID: 28293124 PMCID: PMC5342611 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The treatment options for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have expanded dramatically in the last 10 years with the discovery of newer drugs and targeted therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), when aberrantly activated, promotes cell growth and contributes in various ways to the malignant process. EGFR has become an important therapeutic target in a variety of malignancies. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of EGFR are being used to treat advanced NSCLC and are particularly effective in the presence of EGFR mutations. Monoclonal antibodies have also been developed that block the EGFR at the cell surface and work in conjunction with chemotherapy. Necitumumab is a second-generation fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that has shown promise in metastatic NSCLC. The benefit has mostly been restricted to squamous cell lung cancer in the frontline setting. Considering that the survival advantage for these patients was modest, there is a need to discover biomarkers that will predict which patients will likely have the best outcomes. This review focuses on the development and clinical trial experience with necitumumab in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Thakur
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Gomes SE, Simões AES, Pereira DM, Castro RE, Rodrigues CMP, Borralho PM. miR-143 or miR-145 overexpression increases cetuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9368-87. [PMID: 26824186 PMCID: PMC4891046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-143 and miR-145 are downregulated in colon cancer. Here, we tested the effect of restoring these miRNAs on sensitization to cetuximab in mutant KRAS (HCT116 and SW480) and wild-type KRAS (SW48) colon cancer cells. We evaluated cetuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the modulation of signaling pathways involved in immune effector cell-mediated elimination of cancer cells. Stable miR-143 or miR-145 overexpression increased cell sensitivity to cetuximab, resulting in a significant increase of cetuximab-mediated ADCC independently of KRAS status. Importantly, HCT116 cells overexpressing these miRNAs triggered apoptosis in result of cetuximab-mediated ADCC, effected by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p < 0.01). This was associated with increased apoptosis and caspase-3/7 activity, and reduced Bcl-2 protein expression (p < 0.01). In addition, caspase inhibition abrogated cetuximab-mediated ADCC in HCT116 cells overexpressing either miR-143 or miR-145 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Bcl-2 silencing led to high level of cetuximab-mediated ADCC, compared to control siRNA (p < 0.05). Importantly, granzyme B inhibition, abrogated cetuximab-mediated ADCC, reducing caspase-3/7 activity (p < 0.01). Collectively, our data suggests that re-introduction of miR-143 or miR-145 may provide a new approach for development of therapeutic strategies to re-sensitize colon cancer cells to cetuximab by stimulating cetuximab-dependent ADCC to induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André E S Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane M Pereira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Borralho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Tammen A, Derer S, Schwanbeck R, Rösner T, Kretschmer A, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, Parren PWHI, Valerius T. Monoclonal Antibodies against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Acquire an Ability To Kill Tumor Cells through Complement Activation by Mutations That Selectively Facilitate the Hexamerization of IgG on Opsonized Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1585-1594. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Paszkiewicz PJ, Fräßle SP, Srivastava S, Sommermeyer D, Hudecek M, Drexler I, Sadelain M, Liu L, Jensen MC, Riddell SR, Busch DH. Targeted antibody-mediated depletion of murine CD19 CAR T cells permanently reverses B cell aplasia. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4262-4272. [PMID: 27760047 DOI: 10.1172/jci84813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of T cells that have been genetically modified to express a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is effective for treating human B cell malignancies. However, the persistence of functional CD19 CAR T cells causes sustained depletion of endogenous CD19+ B cells and hypogammaglobulinemia. Thus, there is a need for a mechanism to ablate transferred T cells after tumor eradication is complete to allow recovery of normal B cells. Previously, we developed a truncated version of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRt) that is coexpressed with the CAR on the T cell surface. Here, we show that targeting EGFRt with the IgG1 monoclonal antibody cetuximab eliminates CD19 CAR T cells both early and late after adoptive transfer in mice, resulting in complete and permanent recovery of normal functional B cells, without tumor relapse. EGFRt can be incorporated into many clinical applications to regulate the survival of gene-engineered cells. These results support the concept that EGFRt represents a promising approach to improve safety of cell-based therapies.
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Moulard M, Ozoux ML. How validated receptor occupancy flow cytometry assays can impact decisions and support drug development. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 90:150-8. [PMID: 26332593 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because of the pressure of significant attrition in drug development, demonstration of target engagement after drug administration enables dose and regimen optimization, patient selection, and stratification from the earliest stages of drug development. The determination of receptor occupancy (RO) can support these efforts. Flow cytometry is one of the preferred technologies to be used based on the important advances in the technology over the last years enabling the simultaneous determination on target cells, of multi intra or surface cell parameters with adequate precision in a regulated environment. Nevertheless, compared to other platforms using the same antigen-antibody binding concept, the flow cytometry approach has faced several challenges, not only due to the technology per se and the diversity of receptor occupancy approaches, but also related to the nature of the matrix where the determination is performed. To illustrate these points, three case studies (antibody-drug conjugate and naked antibody) are provided here to highlight the importance of the choice of the right antibody pair to measure both receptor density (RD) and occupancy by the drug on cancer cells in blood and in bone marrow and the possibility to circumvent the lack of a critical reagent with an innovative approach. In addition, the use of RO data to determine the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL) with translational data from preclinical to human studies, selection of starting dose for the first in man study will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Laure Ozoux
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche et Développement, DSAR, Head of Biomarkers and Biological Analyses, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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Jarantow SW, Bushey BS, Pardinas JR, Boakye K, Lacy ER, Sanders R, Sepulveda MA, Moores SL, Chiu ML. Impact of Cell-surface Antigen Expression on Target Engagement and Function of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor × c-MET Bispecific Antibody. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24689-704. [PMID: 26260789 PMCID: PMC4598982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of engaging multiple drug targets using bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is affected by the relative cell-surface protein levels of the respective targets. In this work, the receptor density values were correlated to the in vitro activity of a BsAb (JNJ-61186372) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET). Simultaneous binding of the BsAb to both receptors was confirmed in vitro. By using controlled Fab-arm exchange, a set of BsAbs targeting EGFR and c-MET was generated to establish an accurate receptor quantitation of a panel of lung and gastric cancer cell lines expressing heterogeneous levels of EGFR and c-MET. EGFR and c-MET receptor density levels were correlated to the respective gene expression levels as well as to the respective receptor phosphorylation inhibition values. We observed a bias in BsAb binding toward the more highly expressed of the two receptors, EGFR or c-MET, which resulted in the enhanced in vitro potency of JNJ-61186372 against the less highly expressed target. On the basis of these observations, we propose an avidity model of how JNJ-61186372 engages EGFR and c-MET with potentially broad implications for bispecific drug efficacy and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Jarantow
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Barbara S Bushey
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Jose R Pardinas
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Ken Boakye
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Eilyn R Lacy
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Renouard Sanders
- Janssen Diagnostics, Janssen Research and Development, Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Manuel A Sepulveda
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Sheri L Moores
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Mark L Chiu
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
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Levi O, Shapira A, Tal B, Benhar I, Eliaz N. Isolating epidermal growth factor receptor overexpressing carcinoma cells from human whole blood by bio-ferrography. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 88:136-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Levi
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Assaf Shapira
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Baruch Tal
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Noam Eliaz
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
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Derer S, Lohse S, Valerius T. EGFR expression levels affect the mode of action of EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibodies. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e24052. [PMID: 23762793 PMCID: PMC3667899 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression levels appear to modulate the efficacy of EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibodies. More specifically, we observed that high EGFR densities negatively affect the effects of EGFR-specific antibodies on EGFR phosphorylation yet exacerbate Fc-mediated tumor-cell killing. These results suggest that the predominant mode of action of EGFR-targeting antibodies depend on EGFR expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Derer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel, Germany
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40
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Murray JC, Aldeghaither D, Wang S, Nasto RE, Jablonski SA, Tang Y, Weiner LM. c-Abl modulates tumor cell sensitivity to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:1186-98. [PMID: 25300860 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can modulate cancer cell signal transduction and recruit antitumor immune effector mechanisms-including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Although several clinically effective antibodies can promote ADCC, therapeutic resistance is common. We hypothesized that oncogenic signaling networks within tumor cells affect their sensitivity to ADCC. We developed a screening platform and targeted 60 genes derived from an EGFR gene network using RNAi in an in vitro ADCC model system. Knockdown of GRB7, PRKCE, and ABL1 enhanced ADCC by primary and secondary screens. ABL1 knockdown also reduced cell proliferation, independent of its ADCC enhancement effects. c-Abl overexpression decreased ADCC sensitivity and rescued the effects of ABL1 knockdown. Imatinib inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity also enhanced ADCC-phenocopying ABL1 knockdown-against several EGFR-expressing head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by ex vivo primary natural killer cells. Our findings suggest that combining c-Abl inhibition with ADCC-promoting antibodies, such as cetuximab, could translate into increased therapeutic efficacy of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Murray
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Dalal Aldeghaither
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Shangzi Wang
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Rochelle E Nasto
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC. School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Yong Tang
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
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Rösner T, Lohse S, Peipp M, Valerius T, Derer S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting IgG3 Triggers Complement-Mediated Lysis of Decay-Accelerating Factor Expressing Tumor Cells through the Alternative Pathway Amplification Loop. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1485-95. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nakajima T, Anayama T, Matsuda Y, Hwang DM, McVeigh PZ, Wilson BC, Zheng G, Keshavjee S, Yasufuku K. Orthotopic lung cancer murine model by nonoperative transbronchial approach. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97:1771-5. [PMID: 24792261 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to establish a novel orthotopic human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) murine xenograft model by a nonsurgical, transbronchial approach. DESCRIPTION Male athymic nude mice and human NSCLC cell lines, including A549, H460, and H520 were used. Under direct visualization of the vocal cords, a 23-gauge blunt-tip slightly curved metal catheter was introduced into the trachea to the bronchus, and 2.5×10(5) tumor cells mixed with Matrigel (BD Biosciences, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) were administered into the lung. Mice were monitored using weekly microcomputed tomography scans for tumor formation. EVALUATION When the tumor size reached more than 4 mm in diameter, the animals were euthanized, and the tumor tissue was evaluated histopathologically. Of 37 mice studied, 34 were confirmed to have tumor formation: 29 developed solitary tumors and 5 had multifocal lesions. There was no evidence of extrapleural dissemination or effusion. CONCLUSIONS Transbronchial delivery of tumor cells enabled the establishment of a novel orthotopic human NSCLC murine xenograft model. This clinically relevant preclinical model bearing a solitary nodule is of value for a variety of in vivo research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakajima
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takashi Anayama
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasushi Matsuda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Hwang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Z McVeigh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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The effect of leptin on luteal angiogenic factors during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle in goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:121-9. [PMID: 24962614 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are angiogenic factors implicated in the vascular development of the corpus luteum (CL). Each factor is regulated or influenced by leptin in non-ovarian tissues. Moreover, leptin and its receptor, ObRb, have been identified in luteal tissue throughout the luteal phase. Therefore, leptin is hypothesized to influence luteal vasculature through the regulation of FGF2, Ang1, and VEGF. Multiparous, cycling crossbred female goats (does) were allocated to early (n=12), mid (n=8), and late (n=11) stages of the luteal phase for CL collection. Luteal tissue was harvested and either snap frozen in liquid N2, paraffin embedded, or cultured with leptin (0, 10(-12), 10(-11), 10(-10), 10(-9), 10(-8)M). Tissue was analyzed for FGF2, Ang1, VEGF, ObRb, and leptin expression. Angiopoietin 1, FGF2, VEGF expression was higher (P≤0.001) in the mid-luteal stage than the early stage. Expression decreased (P≤0.001) during the late luteal stage with the exception of VEGF, which remained elevated. In contrast, leptin and ObRb were lowest (P≤0.003) during the mid-luteal stage compared to the early and late stages. All factors were detected in and/or around vessels in early stage tissue compared to mid and late stages. Leptin stimulated (P≤0.02) Ang1, FGF2, and VEGF expression only in early stage luteal cultures. Collectively, these data provide evidence that leptin may be involved in the luteal angiogenic process during the early stage of CL formation.
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Chung S, Lin YL, Reed C, Ng C, Cheng ZJ, Malavasi F, Yang J, Quarmby V, Song A. Characterization of in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity of therapeutic antibodies - impact of effector cells. J Immunol Methods 2014; 407:63-75. [PMID: 24704820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an important mechanism of action implicated in the clinical efficacy of several therapeutic antibodies. In vitro ADCC assays employing effector cells capable of inducing lysis of target cells bound by antibodies are routinely performed to support the research and development of therapeutic antibodies. ADCC assays are commonly performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), natural killer (NK) cells or engineered cell lines as effector cells. In this study we evaluated the impact of different effector cell types including primary PBMCs, primary NK cells, engineered NK cell lines, and an engineered reporter cell line, on the in vitro ADCC activity of two glycoforms of a humanized IgG1 antibody. The results of this study show the differential effects on both the efficacy and potency of the antibodies by different effector cells and the finding that both the allotype and the expression level of CD16a affect the potency of effector cells in ADCC assays. Our results also show that engineered NK or reporter cell lines provide reduced variability compared to primary effector cells for in vitro ADCC assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chung
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States.
| | - Yuwen L Lin
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Chae Reed
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | | | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Jihong Yang
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Valerie Quarmby
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - An Song
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
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Casavant BP, Strotman LN, Tokar JJ, Thiede SM, Traynor AM, Ferguson JS, Lang JM, Beebe DJ. Paired diagnostic and pharmacodynamic analysis of rare non-small cell lung cancer cells enabled by the VerIFAST platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:99-105. [PMID: 24158597 PMCID: PMC3897162 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide. This has led to major research initiatives focusing on improving early diagnosis rate, as well as the development of pharmacodynamic biomarkers. However, broad clinical integration of these approaches is limited due to the invasive nature of lung biopsies, needle aspirates and resections. Recently, an advance for sampling suspicious lung nodules to collect mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mBAL) samples was shown to be diagnostically relevant but limited by standard cytology techniques leading to low sensitivity and specificity. In addition, a second non-invasive method that holds great promise is the collection of circulating tumor cells, a rare population of tumor cells that have shed into peripheral circulation from primary or metastatic tumor sites, from blood. Here, we utilize a recently published platform, VerIFAST, for the capture and proteomic analysis of rare cells, to isolate cells of interest from lung cancer patients using both mBAL and blood samples. The VerIFAST platform leverages surface tension at the microscale to pin aqueous and oil fluids in adjacent chambers to create a virtual filter between two aqueous fluids. In this manuscript, the VerIFAST was further enhanced to include oil pinning, which allowed on-device tumbling, further eliminating a laborious and time consuming step that could result in increased sample loss. Finally, we further developed the base assays used in standard histopathologic assays for diagnostic and pharmacodynamic analysis of these rare lung cancer cells. Specifically, we examined thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) signal intensity, in which loss is associated with more aggressive disease, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal intensity, which is a high value therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Casavant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
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Huang SH, Li Y, Chen HG, Rong J, Ye S. Activation of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 Prevents Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Cells. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:578-81. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.845674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zhu Y, Li J, Jing F, Ji T, Guo X, Yang J, Jiao S. Evaluation of the immune factors in the tumor environment before and after the treatment of cetuximab combined with chemotherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:226. [PMID: 24028754 PMCID: PMC3847707 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of chemotherapy combined with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on the immune state of the tumor environment remains unclear and controversial. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of chemotherapy combined with cetuximab (C225, an anti-EGFR mAb) on the immune state of tumor environment, and the correlation of that effect and the clinical efficacy. Methods Twelve patients with colorectal cancer, who received the treatment of chemotherapy combined with C225, were enrolled in this study. The tumor specimen of the primary colorectal cancer before and after treatment was obtained. The expression of a series of immune factors (TGF-β1, CD8, IL-2, TNF-α, and VEGF) was measured by immunochemistry. The expression of these immune factors before and after treatment was compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The correlation of the change of immune parameter expression after treatment and clinical efficacy was examined by chi-square tests. The correlation of the expression of immune factors, clinical efficacy, and treatment number was examined by the Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the expression of TGF-β1 before and after the treatment (P >0.05). The change of TGF-β1 expression after treatment significantly correlated negatively with clinical efficacy (P = 0.05). As for CD8, IL-2, VEGF, and TNF-α, there were no significant differences between the expression before and after the treatment (P >0.05), and the change of expression after treatment also did not correlate significantly with clinical efficacy (P >0.05). The change of IL-2 expression after treatment significantly correlated negatively with treatment number (correlation coefficient = -0.585, P = 0.046). The change of TGF-β1 expression after treatment significantly correlated negatively with clinical efficacy (correlation coefficient = -0.684, P = 0.014). Before treatment, the expression of TNF-α significantly correlated positively with the expression of IL-2 (correlation coefficient = 0.629, P = 0.028). After treatment, the expression of TGF-β1 significantly correlated negatively with the expression of CD8 (correlation coefficient = -0.664, P = 0.019). Conclusions These results suggested that, in the tumor environment, the change of immune factors after treatment of cetuximab combined with chemotherapy may be associated with clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
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Ki CS, Shih H, Lin CC. Effect of 3D matrix compositions on the efficacy of EGFR inhibition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3017-26. [PMID: 23889305 DOI: 10.1021/bm4004496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutics to inhibit signaling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been suggested as a potential treatment for pancreatic cancers, and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques are commonly used to identify and/or verify the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibitors. However, drug targets identified from conventional cell culture techniques may not exhibit desired functions when these drugs are tested in animal studies, in large part due to the complicated tumor microenvironments. Hence, it is crucial to develop a biomimetic cell culture system capable of recapitulating aspects of tumor niches for studying cancer cell fate processes under the influence of various environmental stimuli. In this study, we utilized a versatile PEG-peptide hydrogel system to demonstrate the influence of matrix properties and EGFR inhibition on the growth of a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line (PANC-1). PANC-1 cells were encapsulated in 8-arm PEG-norbornene (PEG8NB) hydrogels cross-linked by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) sensitive peptide (MMP(Linker)) using thiol-ene photoclick chemistry. In soft hydrogels (G' ~ 2 kPa), cells retained high initial viability and formed clusters after prolonged culture, whereas cells encapsulated in stiff hydrogels (G' ~ 12 kPa) exhibited lower initial viability and reduced proliferation. While the immobilization of an EGFR peptide inhibitor, Asn-Tyr-Gln-Gln-Asn or NYQQN, in soft hydrogels did not cause cell death, this peptide induced significant cell apoptosis when immobilized in stiff hydrogels. Western blotting results showed that cell death was due to reduced expression of EGFR and Akt in stiff hydrogels under the influence of immobilized NYQQN peptide. These results shed light on the importance and non-negligible role of matrix properties on the efficacy of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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