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Sann S, Kleinewietfeld M, Cantaert T. Balancing functions of regulatory T cells in mosquito-borne viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2304061. [PMID: 38192073 PMCID: PMC10812859 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2304061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral infections are on the rise worldwide and can lead to severe symptoms such as haemorrhage, encephalitis, arthritis or microcephaly. A protective immune response following mosquito-borne viral infections requires the generation of a controlled and balanced immune response leading to viral clearance without immunopathology. Here, regulatory T cells play a central role in restoring immune homeostasis. In current review, we aim to provide an overview and summary of the phenotypes of FOXP3+ Tregs in various mosquito-borne arboviral disease, their association with disease severity and their functional characteristics. Furthermore, we discuss the role of cytokines and Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of mosquito-borne infections. Lastly, we discuss possible novel lines of research which could provide additional insight into the role of Tregs in mosquito-borne viral infections in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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2
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Wei LLL, Tom R, Kim YC. Mayaro Virus: An Emerging Alphavirus in the Americas. Viruses 2024; 16:1297. [PMID: 39205271 PMCID: PMC11359717 DOI: 10.3390/v16081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus first isolated in Trinidad and Tobago in 1954. MAYV is the causative agent of Mayaro fever, which is characterised by high fever, maculopapular rash, myalgia and arthralgia. The potential for chronic arthralgia is of particular clinical concern. Currently, MAYV outbreaks are restricted to South and Central America, with some cases reported in Africa as well as several imported cases in Europe. However, in recent years, MAYV has become a growing global concern due to its potential to emerge into urban transmission cycles. Challenges faced with diagnostics, as well as a lack of specific antivirals or licensed vaccines further exacerbate the potential global health threat posed by MAYV. In this review, we discuss this emerging arboviral threat with a particular focus on the current treatment and vaccine development efforts. Overall, MAYV remains a neglected arbovirus due to its limited area of transmission. However, with the potential of its urbanisation and expanding circulation, the threat MAYV poses to global health cannot be overlooked. Further research into the improvement of current diagnostics, as well as the development of efficacious antivirals and vaccines will be crucial to help prevent and manage potential MAYV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Li Lin Wei
- Somerville College, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HD, UK; (L.L.L.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Rufaro Tom
- Somerville College, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HD, UK; (L.L.L.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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3
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Lum FM, Chan YH, Teo TH, Becht E, Amrun SN, Teng KW, Hartimath SV, Yeo NK, Yee WX, Ang N, Torres-Ruesta AM, Fong SW, Goggi JL, Newell EW, Renia L, Carissimo G, Ng LF. Crosstalk between CD64 +MHCII + macrophages and CD4 + T cells drives joint pathology during chikungunya. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:641-663. [PMID: 38332201 PMCID: PMC10940729 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Communications between immune cells are essential to ensure appropriate coordination of their activities. Here, we observed the infiltration of activated macrophages into the joint-footpads of chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-infected animals. Large numbers of CD64+MHCII+ and CD64+MHCII- macrophages were present in the joint-footpad, preceded by the recruitment of their CD11b+Ly6C+ inflammatory monocyte precursors. Recruitment and differentiation of these myeloid subsets were dependent on CD4+ T cells and GM-CSF. Transcriptomic and gene ontology analyses of CD64+MHCII+ and CD64+MHCII- macrophages revealed 89 differentially expressed genes, including genes involved in T cell proliferation and differentiation pathways. Depletion of phagocytes, including CD64+MHCII+ macrophages, from CHIKV-infected mice reduced disease pathology, demonstrating that these cells play a pro-inflammatory role in CHIKV infection. Together, these results highlight the synergistic dynamics of immune cell crosstalk in driving CHIKV immunopathogenesis. This study provides new insights in the disease mechanism and offers opportunities for development of novel anti-CHIKV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fok-Moon Lum
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Teck-Hui Teo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Etienne Becht
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Karen Ww Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kw Yeo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Wearn-Xin Yee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Anthony M Torres-Ruesta
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Julian L Goggi
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Lisa Fp Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK.
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do Nascimento SN, Mazzei JL, Tostes JBDF, Nakamura MJ, Valente LMM, de Lima RC, Nunes PCG, de Azeredo EL, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Siani AC. Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae) to treat Chikungunya viral infection: An effectual symptom-driven ethnomedicinal repurposing of an anti-inflammatory species? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116875. [PMID: 37451491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Miconia albicans (MA) is consumed all over the Brazilian territory as a remedy to treat rheumatoid arthritis and has been increasingly used to alleviate the deleterious symptoms caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of MA leaf and stem hydroethanolic extracts (LE and SE, respectively), their fractions enriched in triterpene acids or polyphenols as well isolated constituents, on CHIKV hosted in Vero cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polyphenol profiles of LE and SE were dereplicated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, aided by standards. Polyphenol-rich (LEx and SEx) and triterpenic acid-rich (LOH and SOH) fractions were obtained in Amberlite XAD-4 and alkalinized 95% ethanol (EtOH) extraction, respectively. TPC and TFC were assessed by colorimetric methods. Three representative flavonoids and two triterpenic acids were quantified by HPLC. CHIKV load suppression was evaluated in Vero cells by real-time qRT‒PCR at noncytotoxic concentrations. RESULTS Fifteen flavonoids were characterized in LE and SE. LEx presented isoquercitrin, quercitrin, rutin (0.49-1.51%) and quercetin. The TPC was 48 and 62 mg QE/g extract, and the TFC was 11.93 and 0.76 mg QE/g extract for LEx and SEx, respectively. LOH presented ursolic (15.3%) and oleanolic (8.0%) acids. A reduction (91-97%) in the CHIKV load was produced by the triterpene fraction, quercitrin and quercetin; the latter maintained the activity down to one twentieth of the tolerated concentration. CONCLUSION M. albicans contains flavonoids and triterpenic acids that are effective against CHIKV, which might justify its use to alleviate sequelae of CHIKV infection. However, further investigations on the species and its active constituents are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Neves do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - João Batista de Freitas Tostes
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Jun Nakamura
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ligia Maria Marino Valente
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, C. T., Bl. A, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Curtinhas de Lima
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luis Angel Berrueta
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Antonio Carlos Siani
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ravindran S, Lahon A. Tropism and immune response of chikungunya and zika viruses: An overview. Cytokine 2023; 170:156327. [PMID: 37579710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are two medically important vector-borne viruses responsible for causing significant disease burden in humans, including neurological sequelae/complications. Besides sharing some common clinical features, ZIKV has major shares in causing microcephaly and brain malformations in developing foetus, whereas CHIKV causes chronic joint pain/swelling in infected individuals. Both viruses have a common route of entry to the host body. i.e., dermal site of inoculation through the bite of an infected mosquito and later taken up by different immune cells for further dissemination to other areas of the host body that lead to a range of immune responses via different pathways. The immune responses generated by both viruses have similar characteristics with varying degrees of inflammation and activation of immune cells. However, the overall response of immune cells is not fully explored in the context of ZIKV and CHIKV infection. The knowledge of cellular tropism and the immune response is the key to understanding the mechanisms of viral immunity and pathogenesis, which may allow to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these viral infections. This review aims to discuss recent advancements and identify the knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanism of cellular tropism and immune response of CHIKV and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ravindran
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India.
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de Brito MSAG, de Marchi MS, Perin MY, Côsso IDS, Bumlai RUM, da Silva WV, Prado AYM, da Cruz TCD, Avila ETP, Damazo AS, Slhessarenko RD. Inflammation, fibrosis and E1 glycoprotein persistence in joint tissue of patients with post-Chikungunya chronic articular disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e02782023. [PMID: 37792834 PMCID: PMC10550088 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0278-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chikungunya chronic joint disease causes debilitating arthralgia, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. METHODS In this study, patients underwent clinical follow-ups, joint biopsies, and pre-biopsy and 24 months post-biopsy serum dosage of cytokines. RESULTS All participants were female and had pain in 12 joints on average, with 41.17% exhibiting moderate disease activity. Histopathological analysis revealed collagen deposition. Indirect immunofluorescence detected the CHIKV glycoprotein E1 antigen, and an increase in cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Persistent inflammation and ineffective antiviral immune responses leading to antigen persistence may contribute to chronic CHIKV arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Sant Anna Genaro de Brito
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Micheli Said de Marchi
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Matheus Yung Perin
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Isabelle da Silva Côsso
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Renan Urt Mansur Bumlai
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Waldemar Vaz da Silva
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Adriana Yuki Mello Prado
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Thais Campos Dias da Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Eudes Thiago Pereira Avila
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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7
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Noval MG, Spector SN, Bartnicki E, Izzo F, Narula N, Yeung ST, Damani-Yokota P, Dewan MZ, Mezzano V, Rodriguez-Rodriguez BA, Loomis C, Khanna KM, Stapleford KA. MAVS signaling is required for preventing persistent chikungunya heart infection and chronic vascular tissue inflammation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4668. [PMID: 37537212 PMCID: PMC10400619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been associated with severe cardiac manifestations, yet, how CHIKV infection leads to heart disease remains unknown. Here, we leveraged both mouse models and human primary cardiac cells to define the mechanisms of CHIKV heart infection. Using an immunocompetent mouse model of CHIKV infection as well as human primary cardiac cells, we demonstrate that CHIKV directly infects and actively replicates in cardiac fibroblasts. In immunocompetent mice, CHIKV is cleared from cardiac tissue without significant damage through the induction of a local type I interferon response from both infected and non-infected cardiac cells. Using mice deficient in major innate immunity signaling components, we found that signaling through the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) is required for viral clearance from the heart. In the absence of MAVS signaling, persistent infection leads to focal myocarditis and vasculitis of the large vessels attached to the base of the heart. Large vessel vasculitis was observed for up to 60 days post infection, suggesting CHIKV can lead to vascular inflammation and potential long-lasting cardiovascular complications. This study provides a model of CHIKV cardiac infection and mechanistic insight into CHIKV-induced heart disease, underscoring the importance of monitoring cardiac function in patients with CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Noval
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sophie N Spector
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Bartnicki
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franco Izzo
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Payal Damani-Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Zahidunnabi Dewan
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valeria Mezzano
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth A Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Sutton MS, Pletnev S, Callahan V, Ko S, Tsybovsky Y, Bylund T, Casner RG, Cerutti G, Gardner CL, Guirguis V, Verardi R, Zhang B, Ambrozak D, Beddall M, Lei H, Yang ES, Liu T, Henry AR, Rawi R, Schön A, Schramm CA, Shen CH, Shi W, Stephens T, Yang Y, Florez MB, Ledgerwood JE, Burke CW, Shapiro L, Fox JM, Kwong PD, Roederer M. Vaccine elicitation and structural basis for antibody protection against alphaviruses. Cell 2023; 186:2672-2689.e25. [PMID: 37295404 PMCID: PMC10411218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are RNA viruses that represent emerging public health threats. To identify protective antibodies, we immunized macaques with a mixture of western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-like particles (VLPs), a regimen that protects against aerosol challenge with all three viruses. Single- and triple-virus-specific antibodies were isolated, and we identified 21 unique binding groups. Cryo-EM structures revealed that broad VLP binding inversely correlated with sequence and conformational variability. One triple-specific antibody, SKT05, bound proximal to the fusion peptide and neutralized all three Env-pseudotyped encephalitic alphaviruses by using different symmetry elements for recognition across VLPs. Neutralization in other assays (e.g., chimeric Sindbis virus) yielded variable results. SKT05 bound backbone atoms of sequence-diverse residues, enabling broad recognition despite sequence variability; accordingly, SKT05 protected mice against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, chikungunya virus, and Ross River virus challenges. Thus, a single vaccine-elicited antibody can protect in vivo against a broad range of alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Sutton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergei Pletnev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victoria Callahan
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sungyoul Ko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan G Casner
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christina L Gardner
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Veronica Guirguis
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Beddall
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hong Lei
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Burgos Florez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Crystal W Burke
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Amaral JK, Bingham CO, Taylor PC, Vilá LM, Weinblatt ME, Schoen RT. Pathogenesis of chronic chikungunya arthritis: Resemblances and links with rheumatoid arthritis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102534. [PMID: 36549417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection results from transmission by the mosquito vector. Following an incubation period of 5-7 days, patients develop an acute febrile illness, chikungunya fever (CHIKF), characterized by high fevers, maculopapular rash, headaches, polyarthritis/arthralgias, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Joint pain is often severe, and most often involves the hands, the wrists, the ankles, and the metatarsal-phalangeal joints of the feet. Many patients recover within several weeks, but up to 50% develop chronic joint pain and swelling for more than 12 weeks, then we refer to these symptoms as chronic chikungunya arthritis (CCA). The pathogenesis of CCA is not well understood. In this article, we suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play an important role in this pathogenesis. This heterogeneous group of multipotent cells, morphologically similar to fibroblasts, may undergo epigenetic changes capable of generating aberrant progenies. However, we believe that there is no need for a latent infection. In our pathogenic hypothesis, CHIKV infection of MSCs would cause epigenetic changes both in MSCs themselves and in their progenies, without the need for reactivation of dormant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kennedy Amaral
- Institute of Diagnostic Medicine of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C Taylor
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- John R. and Eileen K. Riedman Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Robert T Schoen
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Geng T, Yang D, Lin T, Cahoon JG, Wang P. UBXN3B Controls Immunopathogenesis of Arthritogenic Alphaviruses by Maintaining Hematopoietic Homeostasis. mBio 2022; 13:e0268722. [PMID: 36377866 PMCID: PMC9765034 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02687-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing proteins (UBXN) might be involved in diverse cellular processes. However, their in vivo physiological functions remain largely elusive. We recently showed that UBXN3B positively regulated stimulator-of-interferon-genes (STING)-mediated innate immune responses to DNA viruses. Herein, we reported the essential role of UBXN3B in the control of infection and immunopathogenesis of two arthritogenic RNA viruses, Chikungunya (CHIKV) and O'nyong'nyong (ONNV) viruses. Ubxn3b deficient (Ubxn3b-/-) mice presented higher viral loads, more severe foot swelling and immune infiltrates, and slower clearance of viruses and resolution of inflammation than the Ubxn3b+/+ littermates. While the serum cytokine levels were intact, the virus-specific immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibody levels were lower in the Ubxn3b-/- mice. The Ubxn3b-/- mice had more neutrophils and macrophages, but much fewer B cells in the ipsilateral feet. Of note, this immune dysregulation was also observed in the spleens and blood of uninfected Ubxn3b-/- mice. UBXN3B restricted CHIKV replication in a cell-intrinsic manner but independent of type I IFN signaling. These results demonstrated a dual role of UBXN3B in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and control of RNA virus replication. IMPORTANCE The human genome encodes 13 ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing proteins (UBXN) that might participate in diverse cellular processes. However, their in vivo physiological functions remain largely elusive. Herein, we reported an essential role of UBXN3B in the control of infection and immunopathogenesis of arthritogenic alphaviruses, including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which causes acute and chronic crippling arthralgia, long-term neurological disorders, and poses a significant public health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. However, there are no approved vaccines or specific antiviral drugs. This was partly due to a poor understanding of the protective and detrimental immune responses elicited by CHIKV. We showed that UBXN3B was critical for the control of CHIKV replication in a cell-intrinsic manner in the acute phase and persistent immunopathogenesis in the post-viremic stage. Mechanistically, UBXN3B was essential for the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis during viral infection and in steady-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason G. Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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11
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Bishop CR, Caten FT, Nakaya HI, Suhrbier A. Chikungunya patient transcriptional signatures faithfully recapitulated in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1092370. [PMID: 36578476 PMCID: PMC9791225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1092370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An adult wild-type C57BL/6J mouse model of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and disease has been extensively used to study the alphaviral arthritic immunopathology and to evaluate new interventions. How well mouse models recapitulate the gene expression profiles seen in humans remains controversial. Methods Herein we perform a comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA-Seq datasets from the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model with datasets obtained from adults and children acutely infected with CHIKV. Results Despite sampling quite different tissues, peripheral blood from humans and feet from mice, gene expression profiles were quite similar, with an overlap of up to ≈50% for up-regulated single copy orthologue differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, high levels of significant concordance between mouse and human were seen for immune pathways and signatures, which were dominated by interferons, T cells and monocyte/macrophages. Importantly, predicted responses to a series of anti-inflammatory drug and biologic treatments also showed cogent similarities between species. Discussion Comparative transcriptomics and subsequent pathway analysis provides a detailed picture of how a given model recapitulates human gene expression. Using this method, we show that the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model provides a reliable and representative system in which to study CHIKV immunopathology and evaluate new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Bishop
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felipe Ten Caten
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Global Virus Network (GVN) Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
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12
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Characterization and Involvement of Exosomes Originating from Chikungunya Virus-Infected Epithelial Cells in the Transmission of Infectious Viral Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012117. [PMID: 36292974 PMCID: PMC9603488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that affects the world's popula-tion with chikungunya disease. Adaptation of the viral life cycle to their host cells' environment is a key step for establishing their infection and pathogenesis. Recently, the accumulating evidence advocates a principal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, in both the infection and pathogenesis of infectious diseases. However, the participation of exosomes in CHIKV infec-tion and transmission is not well clarified. Here, we demonstrated that the CHIKV RNA and pro-teins were captured in exosomes, which were released by viral-infected epithelial cells. A viral genomic element in the isolated exosomes was infectious to naïve mammalian epithelial cells. The assay of particle size distribution and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed CHIKV-derived exosomes with a size range from 50 to 250 nm. Treatments with RNase A, Triton X-100, and immunoglobulin G antibodies from CHIKV-positive patient plasma indicated that in-fectious viral elements are encompassed inside the exosomes. Interestingly, our viral plaque for-mation also exhibited that infectious viral elements might be securely transmitted to neighboring cells by a secreted exosomal pathway. Taken together, our recent findings emphasize the evidence for a complementary means of CHIKV infection and suggest the role of exosome-mediated CHIKV transmission.
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13
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Basavappa MG, Ferretti M, Dittmar M, Stoute J, Sullivan MC, Whig K, Shen H, Liu KF, Schultz DC, Beiting DP, Lynch KW, Henao-Mejia J, Cherry S. The lncRNA ALPHA specifically targets chikungunya virus to control infection. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3729-3744.e10. [PMID: 36167073 PMCID: PMC10464526 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses, including the alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV), cause acute disease in millions of people and utilize potent mechanisms to antagonize and circumvent innate immune pathways including the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. In response, hosts have evolved antiviral counterdefense strategies that remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate classical innate immune pathways; how lncRNAs contribute to additional antiviral counterdefenses remains unclear. Using high-throughput genetic screening, we identified a cytoplasmic antiviral lncRNA that we named antiviral lncRNA prohibiting human alphaviruses (ALPHA), which is transcriptionally induced by alphaviruses and functions independently of IFN to inhibit the replication of CHIKV and its closest relative, O'nyong'nyong virus (ONNV), but not other viruses. Furthermore, we showed that ALPHA interacts with CHIKV genomic RNA and restrains viral RNA replication. Together, our findings reveal that ALPHA and potentially other lncRNAs can mediate non-canonical antiviral immune responses against specific viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha G Basavappa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Max Ferretti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark Dittmar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julian Stoute
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan C Sullivan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kanupriya Whig
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathy Fange Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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EGR1 Upregulation during Encephalitic Viral Infections Contributes to Inflammation and Cell Death. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061210. [PMID: 35746681 PMCID: PMC9227295 DOI: 10.3390/v14061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is an immediate early gene and transcription factor previously found to be significantly upregulated in human astrocytoma cells infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). The loss of EGR1 resulted in decreased cell death but had no significant impact on viral replication. Here, we extend these studies to determine the impacts of EGR1 on gene expression following viral infection. Inflammatory genes CXCL3, CXCL8, CXCL10, TNF, and PTGS2 were upregulated in VEEV-infected cells, which was partially dependent on EGR1. Additionally, transcription factors, including EGR1 itself, as well as ATF3, FOS, JUN, KLF4, EGR2, and EGR4 were found to be partially transcriptionally dependent on EGR1. We also examined the role of EGR1 and the changes in gene expression in response to infection with other alphaviruses, including eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Sindbis virus (SINV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), as well as Zika virus (ZIKV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), members of the Flaviviridae and Phenuiviridae families, respectively. EGR1 was significantly upregulated to varying degrees in EEEV-, CHIKV-, RVFV-, SINV-, and ZIKV-infected astrocytoma cells. Genes that were identified as being partially transcriptionally dependent on EGR1 in infected cells included ATF3 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV), JUN (EEEV), KLF4 (SINV, ZIKV, RVFV), CXCL3 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV), CXCL8 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV, RVFV), CXCL10 (EEEV, RVFV), TNF-α (EEEV, ZIKV, RVFV), and PTGS2 (EEEV, CHIKV, ZIKV). Additionally, inhibition of the inflammatory gene PTGS2 with Celecoxib, a small molecule inhibitor, rescued astrocytoma cells from VEEV-induced cell death but had no impact on viral titers. Collectively, these results suggest that EGR1 induction following viral infection stimulates multiple inflammatory mediators. Managing inflammation and cell death in response to viral infection is of utmost importance, especially during VEEV infection where survivors are at-risk for neurological sequalae.
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15
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Kafai NM, Diamond MS, Fox JM. Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection. Annu Rev Immunol 2022; 40:615-649. [PMID: 35134315 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-014952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are emerging and reemerging viruses that cause disease syndromes ranging from incapacitating arthritis to potentially fatal encephalitis. While infection by arthritogenic and encephalitic alphaviruses results in distinct clinical manifestations, both virus groups induce robust innate and adaptive immune responses. However, differences in cellular tropism, type I interferon induction, immune cell recruitment, and B and T cell responses result in differential disease progression and outcome. In this review, we discuss aspects of immune responses that contribute to protective or pathogenic outcomes after alphavirus infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; , .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; , .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
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16
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de Sousa Palmeira PH, Gois BM, Guerra-Gomes IC, Peixoto RF, de Sousa Dias CN, Araújo JMG, Amaral IP, Keesen TSL. Downregulation of CD73 on CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chikungunya infection. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:306-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Chikungunya Virus Exposure Partially Cross-Protects against Mayaro Virus Infection in Mice. J Virol 2021; 95:e0112221. [PMID: 34549980 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01122-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) are closely related members of the Semliki Forest virus antigenic complex classified as belonging to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. These viruses cause human disease, with sudden fever and joint inflammation that can persist for long periods. CHIKV is the causative agent of large outbreaks worldwide, and MAYV infection represents a growing public health concern in Latin America, causing sporadic cases and geographically limited outbreaks. Considering the relationship between CHIKV and MAYV, the present study aimed to evaluate if preexisting CHIKV immunity protects against MAYV infection. Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally infected with CHIKV and, 4 weeks later, they were infected with MAYV in their hind paw. We observed that the preexistence of CHIKV immunity conferred partial cross-protection against secondary MAYV infection, reducing disease severity, tissue viral load, and histopathological scores. Interestingly, CHIKV antibodies from humans and mice showed low cross-neutralization to MAYV, but neutralizing activity significantly increased after secondary infection. Furthermore, depletion of adaptive immune cells (CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD19+ B cells) did not alter the cross-protection phenotype, suggesting that distinct cell subsets or a combination of adaptive immune cells stimulated by CHIKV are responsible for the partial cross-protection against MAYV. The reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), in animals secondarily infected by MAYV, suggests a role for innate immunity in cross-protection. Our findings shed light on how preexisting immunity to arthritogenic alphaviruses may affect secondary infection, which may further develop relevant influence in disease outcome and viral transmission. IMPORTANCE Mosquito-borne viruses have a worldwide impact, especially in tropical climates. Chikungunya virus has been present mostly in developing countries, causing millions of infections, while Mayaro virus, a close relative, has been limited to the Caribbean and tropical regions of Latin America. The potential emergence and spread of Mayaro virus to other high-risk areas have increased the scientific community's attention to an imminent worldwide epidemic. Here, we designed an experimental protocol of chikungunya and Mayaro virus mouse infection, which develops a measurable and quantifiable disease that allows us to make inferences about potential immunological effects during secondary virus infection. Our results demonstrate that previous chikungunya virus infection is able to reduce the severity of clinical outcomes during secondary Mayaro infection. We provide scientific understanding of immunological features during secondary infection with the closely related virus, thus assisting in better comprehending viral transmission and the pathological outcome of these diseases.
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18
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Adam A, Luo H, Osman SR, Wang B, Roundy CM, Auguste AJ, Plante KS, Peng BH, Thangamani S, Frolova EI, Frolov I, Weaver SC, Wang T. Optimized production and immunogenicity of an insect virus-based chikungunya virus candidate vaccine in cell culture and animal models. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:305-316. [PMID: 33539255 PMCID: PMC7919884 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1886598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A chimeric Eilat/ Chikungunya virus (EILV/CHIKV) was previously reported to replicate only in mosquito cells but capable of inducing robust adaptive immunity in animals. Here, we initially selected C7/10 cells to optimize the production of the chimeric virus. A two-step procedure produced highly purified virus stocks, which was shown to not cause hypersensitive reactions in a mouse sensitization study. We further optimized the dose and characterized the kinetics of EILV/CHIKV-induced immunity. A single dose of 108 PFU was sufficient for induction of high levels of CHIKV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies, memory B cell and CD8+ T cell responses. Compared to the live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine 181/25, EILV/CHIKV induced similar levels of CHIKV-specific memory B cells, but higher CD8+ T cell responses at day 28. It also induced stronger CD8+, but lower CD4+ T cell responses than another live-attenuated CHIKV strain (CHIKV/IRES) at day 55 post-vaccination. Lastly, the purified EILV/CHIKV triggered antiviral cytokine responses and activation of antigen presenting cell (APC)s in vivo, but did not induce APCs alone upon in vitro exposure. Overall, our results demonstrate that the EILV/CHIKV vaccine candidate is safe, inexpensive to produce and a potent inducer of both innate and adaptive immunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Huanle Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha R Osman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Roundy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bi-Hung Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Saravanan Thangamani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elena I Frolova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ilya Frolov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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19
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Kumar D, Kumari K, Chandra R, Jain P, Vodwal L, Gambhir G, Singh P. A review targeting the infection by CHIKV using computational and experimental approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8127-8141. [PMID: 33783313 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1904004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The rise of normal body temperature of 98.6 °F beyond 100.4 °F in humans indicates fever due to some illness or infection. Viral infections caused by different viruses are one of the major causes of fever. One of such viruses is, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known to cause Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) which is transmitted to humans through the mosquitoes, which actually become the primary source of transmission of the virus. The genomic structure of the CHIKV consists of the two open reading frames (ORFs). The first one is a 5' end ORF and it encodes the nonstructural protein (nsP1-nsP4). The second is a 3' end ORF and it encodes the structural proteins, which is consisted of capsid, envelope (E), accessory peptides, E3 and 6 K. Till date, there is no effective vaccine or medicine available for early detection of the CHIKV infection and appropriate diagnosis to cure the patients from the infection. NSP3 of CHIKV is the prime target of the researchers as it is responsible for the catalytic activity. This review has updates of literature on CHIKV; pathogenesis of CHIKV; inhibition of CHIKV using theoretical and experimental approaches.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lata Vodwal
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetu Gambhir
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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20
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Meena MK, Kumar D, Kumari K, Kaushik NK, Kumar RV, Bahadur I, Vodwal L, Singh P. Promising inhibitors of nsp2 of CHIKV using molecular docking and temperature-dependent molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5827-5835. [PMID: 33472563 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1873863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Infection due to the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has taken the life of lots of people; and researchers are working to find the vaccine or promisng drug candidates against this viral infection. In this work, the authors have designed one component reaction based on the thia-/oxa-azolidineone and created a library of 2000 molecules based on the product obtained. Further, the compounds were screened through the docking using iGemdock against the non-structural protein 2 (nsp2) of CHIKV. Molecular docking gives the binding energy (BE) or energy for the formation of the complex between the designed compound and nsp2 of CHIKV; and CMPD222 gave the lowest energy. This is based on the energy obtained from van der Waal's interaction, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic instructions. Further, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) of nsp2 of CHIKV with and without screened compound (222) were performed to validate the docking results and the change in free energy for the formation of the complex is -10.8327 kcal/mol. To explore the potential of CMPD222, the MDS of the CMPD222-nsp2 of CHIKV were performed at different temperatures (325, 350, 375 and 400 K) to understand the inhibition of the protease. MM-GBSA calculations were performed to determined change in entropy, change in enthalpy and change in free energy to understand the inhibition. Maximum inhibition of nsp2 of CHIKV with CMPD222 is observed at 375 K with a change in free energy of -19.3754 kcal/mol.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendera Kumar Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Deptartment of Electrical & Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Lata Vodwal
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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21
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Geng T, Lin T, Yang D, Harrison AG, Vella AT, Fikrig E, Wang P. A Critical Role for STING Signaling in Limiting Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:2186-2196. [PMID: 33161431 PMCID: PMC8205639 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway controls both DNA and RNA virus infection. STING is essential for induction of innate immune responses during DNA virus infection, while its mechanism against RNA virus remains largely elusive. We show that STING signaling is crucial for restricting chikungunya virus infection and arthritis pathogenesis. Sting-deficient mice (Stinggt/gt) had elevated viremia throughout the viremic stage and viral burden in feet transiently, with a normal type I IFN response. Stinggt/gt mice presented much greater foot swelling, joint damage, and immune cell infiltration than wild-type mice. Intriguingly, expression of interferon-γ and Cxcl10 was continuously upregulated by approximately 7 to 10-fold and further elevated in Stinggt/gt mice synchronously with arthritis progression. However, expression of chemoattractants for and activators of neutrophils, Cxcl5, Cxcl7, and Cxcr2 was suppressed in Stinggt/gt joints. These results demonstrate that STING deficiency leads to an aberrant chemokine response that promotes pathogenesis of CHIKV arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,Correspondence: Penghua Wang, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut 29 Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 ()
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22
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Nghia VX, Giang NV, Canh NX, Ha NH, Duong NT, Hoang NH, Xuan NT. Stimulation of dendritic cell functional maturation by capsid protein from chikungunya virus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1268-1274. [PMID: 33149858 PMCID: PMC7585544 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.40386.9558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Chikungunya virus (ChikV) infection is characterized by persistent infection in joints and lymphoid organs. The ChikV Capsid protein plays an important role in regulating virus replication. In this study, we hypothesized that capsid protein may stimulate dendritic cell (DC) activation and maturation and trigger an inflammatory response in mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with capsid protein and examined for changes in immunophenotype in lymph nodes (LNs). Next, DCs were treated with capsid protein or LPS and then expression of maturation markers, cytokine production, and ability to stimulate CD4+ T cells in allo-MLR were analyzed. Results: Injection of mice with capsid protein led to recruitment of myeloid cells and increased activation of T lymphocytes in LNs. Importantly, treatment of DCs with capsid protein prolonged the activation of IKB-α and up-regulated the number of CD11c+CD86+DCs and release of TNF-α and IL-12p70 as well as reducing DC apoptosis, all effects were abolished in the presence of Bay 11-7082. In addition, IL-2 production was higher by CD4+ T cells stimulated with capsid-treated as compared with LPS-induced DCs. Conclusion: The observations revealed that capsid protein participates in the regulation of NF-κB signaling and maturation of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Xuan Nghia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Giang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Canh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hai Ha
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Duong
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Xuan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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23
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CXCL10 Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Arthritogenic Alphaviruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111252. [PMID: 33147869 PMCID: PMC7692144 DOI: 10.3390/v12111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and O'nyong nyong virus, cause acute and chronic crippling arthralgia associated with inflammatory immune responses. Approximately 50% of CHIKV-infected patients suffer from rheumatic manifestations that last 6 months to years. However, the physiological functions of individual immune signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of alphaviral arthritis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a deficiency in CXCL10, which is a chemoattractant for monocytes/macrophages/T cells, led to the same viremia as wild-type animals, but fewer immune infiltrates and lower viral loads in footpads at the peak of arthritic disease (6-8 days post infection). Macrophages constituted the largest immune cell population in footpads following infection, and were significantly reduced in Cxcl10-/- mice. The viral RNA loads in neutrophils and macrophages were reduced in Cxcl10-/- compared to wild-type mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that CXCL10 signaling promotes the pathogenesis of alphaviral disease and suggest that CXCL10 may be a therapeutic target for mitigating alphaviral arthritis.
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24
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Sanjai Kumar P, Nayak TK, Mahish C, Sahoo SS, Radhakrishnan A, De S, Datey A, Sahu RP, Goswami C, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel regulates chikungunya virus infection in macrophages. Arch Virol 2020; 166:139-155. [PMID: 33125586 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a virus that induces pathogenic inflammatory host immune responses, is re-emerging worldwide, and there are currently no established antiviral control measures. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective Ca2+-permeable ion channel, has been found to regulate various host inflammatory responses including several viral infections. Immune responses to CHIKV infection in host macrophages have been reported recently. However, the possible involvement of TRPV1 during CHIKV infection in host macrophages has not been studied. Here, we investigated the possible role of TRPV1 in CHIKV infection of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. It was found that CHIKV infection upregulates TRPV1 expression in macrophages. To confirm this observation, the TRPV1-specific modulators 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin (5'-IRTX, a TRPV1 antagonist) and resiniferatoxin (RTX, a TRPV1 agonist) were used. Our results indicated that TRPV1 inhibition leads to a reduction in CHIKV infection, whereas TRPV1 activation significantly enhances CHIKV infection. Using a plaque assay and a time-of-addition assay, it was observed that functional modulation of TRPV1 affects the early stages of the viral lifecycle in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, CHIKV infection was found to induce of pNF-κB (p65) expression and nuclear localization. However, both activation and inhibition of TRPV1 were found to enhance the expression and nuclear localization of pNF-κB (p65) and production of pro-inflammatory TNF and IL-6 during CHIKV infection. In addition, it was demonstrated by Ca2+ imaging that TRPV1 regulates Ca2+ influx during CHIKV infection. Hence, the current findings highlight a potentially important regulatory role of TRPV1 during CHIKV infection in macrophages. This study might also have broad implications in the context of other viral infections as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Tapas K Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Chandan Mahish
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Anukrishna Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Saikat De
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Ankita Datey
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Ram P Sahu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Chandan Goswami
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.
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25
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Abstract
Alphaviruses cause severe human illnesses including persistent arthritis and fatal encephalitis. As alphavirus entry into target cells is the first step in infection, intensive research efforts have focused on elucidating aspects of this pathway, including attachment, internalization, and fusion. Herein, we review recent developments in the molecular understanding of alphavirus entry both in vitro and in vivo and how these advances might enable the design of therapeutics targeting this critical step in the alphavirus life cycle.
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26
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Chirathaworn C, Chansaenroj J, Pongsuchart P, Poovorawan Y. IL-18: a suggested target for immunomodulation in chikungunya virus infection. Arch Virol 2020; 166:219-223. [PMID: 33073324 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic joint pain is the most common pathology found in chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-infected patients. Eight cytokines were compared in CHIKV patients with and without joint pain. IL-4 and IL-13 levels were significantly lower in patients with joint pain (p = 0.006 and p < 0.0001, respectively). IL-18 levels were higher in the group of patients with joint pain (p < 0.0001) and were significantly higher on days 3 and 4 after onset (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.003, respectively). Moreover, TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients with joint pain on day 3 (p = 0.028). This study demonstrated that cytokines, particularly IL-18, may be candidates for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornsuri Pongsuchart
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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27
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Yang L, Geng T, Yang G, Ma J, Wang L, Ketkar H, Yang D, Lin T, Hwang J, Zhu S, Wang Y, Dai J, You F, Cheng G, Vella AT, Flavell RA, Fikrig E, Wang P. Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 controls Chikungunya virus infection through autophagy in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:556. [PMID: 33033362 PMCID: PMC7545163 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) mediates the endocytosis of modified low-density lipoproteins and plays an important antiviral role. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MSR1 antiviral actions remains elusive. We report that MSR1 activates autophagy to restrict infection of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arthritogenic alphavirus that causes acute and chronic crippling arthralgia. Msr1 expression was rapidly upregulated after CHIKV infection in mice. Msr1 knockout mice had elevated viral loads and increased susceptibility to CHIKV arthritis along with a normal type I IFN response. Induction of LC3 lipidation by CHIKV, a marker of autophagy, was reduced in Msr1-/- cells. Mechanistically, MSR1 interacted with ATG12 through its cytoplasmic tail and this interaction was enhanced by CHIKV nsP1 protein. MSR1 repressed CHIKV replication through ATG5-ATG12-ATG16L1 and this was dependent on the FIP200-and-WIPI2-binding domain, but not the WD40 domain of ATG16L1. Our results elucidate an antiviral role for MSR1 involving the autophagic function of ATG5-ATG12-ATG16L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Tingting Geng
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Guang Yang
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Leilei Wang
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Harshada Ketkar
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Duomeng Yang
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Tao Lin
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Jesse Hwang
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Present Address: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuping You
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony T. Vella
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Richard. A. Flavell
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.413575.10000 0001 2167 1581Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.413575.10000 0001 2167 1581Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA ,grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
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28
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Fox JM, Huang L, Tahan S, Powell LA, Crowe JE, Wang D, Diamond MS. A cross-reactive antibody protects against Ross River virus musculoskeletal disease despite rapid neutralization escape in mice. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008743. [PMID: 32760128 PMCID: PMC7433899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses cause debilitating musculoskeletal disease and historically have circulated in distinct regions. With the global spread of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), there now is more geographic overlap, which could result in heterologous immunity affecting natural infection or vaccination. Here, we evaluated the capacity of a cross-reactive anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibody (CHK-265) to protect against disease caused by the distantly related alphavirus, Ross River virus (RRV). Although CHK-265 only moderately neutralizes RRV infection in cell culture, it limited clinical disease in mice independently of Fc effector function activity. Despite this protective phenotype, RRV escaped from CHK-265 neutralization in vivo, with resistant variants retaining pathogenic potential. Near the inoculation site, CHK-265 reduced viral burden in a type I interferon signaling-dependent manner and limited immune cell infiltration into musculoskeletal tissue. In a parallel set of experiments, purified human CHIKV immune IgG also weakly neutralized RRV, yet when transferred to mice, resulted in improved clinical outcome during RRV infection despite the emergence of resistant viruses. Overall, this study suggests that weakly cross-neutralizing antibodies can protect against heterologous alphavirus disease, even if neutralization escape occurs, through an early viral control program that tempers inflammation. The induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies is a goal of many antiviral vaccine programs. In this study, we show that cross-reactive monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies developed after CHIKV infection or immunization with relatively weak cross-neutralizing activity can protect against RRV-induced musculoskeletal disease in mice. Even though RRV rapidly escaped from neutralization, antibody therapy reduced inflammation in musculoskeletal tissues and decreased viral burden near the site of infection in a manner that required type I interferon signaling. These studies in mice show that broadly reactive antibodies with limited neutralizing activity still can confer protection against heterologous alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ling Huang
- MacroGenics, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen Tahan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Powell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Nguyen W, Nakayama E, Yan K, Tang B, Le TT, Liu L, Cooper TH, Hayball JD, Faddy HM, Warrilow D, Allcock RJN, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA, Rawle DJ, Lutzky VP, Young P, Oliveira NM, Hartel G, Howley PM, Prow NA, Suhrbier A. Arthritogenic Alphavirus Vaccines: Serogrouping Versus Cross-Protection in Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020209. [PMID: 32380760 PMCID: PMC7349283 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Ross River virus (RRV), o’nyong nyong virus (ONNV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Getah virus (GETV) represent arthritogenic alphaviruses belonging to the Semliki Forest virus antigenic complex. Antibodies raised against one of these viruses can cross-react with other serogroup members, suggesting that, for instance, a CHIKV vaccine (deemed commercially viable) might provide cross-protection against antigenically related alphaviruses. Herein we use human alphavirus isolates (including a new human RRV isolate) and wild-type mice to explore whether infection with one virus leads to cross-protection against viremia after challenge with other members of the antigenic complex. Persistently infected Rag1-/- mice were also used to assess the cross-protective capacity of convalescent CHIKV serum. We also assessed the ability of a recombinant poxvirus-based CHIKV vaccine and a commercially available formalin-fixed, whole-virus GETV vaccine to induce cross-protective responses. Although cross-protection and/or cross-reactivity were clearly evident, they were not universal and were often suboptimal. Even for the more closely related viruses (e.g., CHIKV and ONNV, or RRV and GETV), vaccine-mediated neutralization and/or protection against the intended homologous target was significantly more effective than cross-neutralization and/or cross-protection against the heterologous virus. Effective vaccine-mediated cross-protection would thus likely require a higher dose and/or more vaccinations, which is likely to be unattractive to regulators and vaccine manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Tamara H. Cooper
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - John D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia;
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Qld 4108, Australia;
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
| | - Roy A. Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Viviana P. Lutzky
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
| | - Nidia M. Oliveira
- Deptartment of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia;
| | | | - Natalie A. Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.A.P.); (A.S.)
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Srivastava P, Kumar A, Hasan A, Mehta D, Kumar R, Sharma C, Sunil S. Disease Resolution in Chikungunya-What Decides the Outcome? Front Immunol 2020; 11:695. [PMID: 32411133 PMCID: PMC7198842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya disease (CHIKD) is a viral infection caused by an alphavirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and triggers large outbreaks leading to epidemics. Despite the low mortality rate, it is a major public health concern owing to high morbidity in affected individuals. The complete spectrum of this disease can be divided into four phases based on its clinical presentation and immunopathology. When a susceptible individual is bitten by an infected mosquito, the bite triggers inflammatory responses attracting neutrophils and initiating a cascade of events, resulting in the entry of the virus into permissive cells. This phase is termed the pre-acute or the intrinsic incubation phase. The virus utilizes the cellular components of the innate immune system to enter into circulation and reach primary sites of infection such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Also, at this point, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present the viral antigens to the T cells thereby activating and initiating adaptive immune responses. This phase is marked by the exhibition of clinical symptoms such as fever, rashes, arthralgia, and myalgia and is termed the acute phase of the disease. Viremia reaches its peak during this phase, thereby enhancing the antigen-specific host immune response. Simultaneously, T cell-mediated activation of B cells leads to the formation of CHIKV specific antibodies. Increase in titres of neutralizing IgG/IgM antibodies results in the clearance of virus from the bloodstream and marks the initiation of the post-acute phase. Immune responses mounted during this phase of the infection determine the degree of disease progression or its resolution. Some patients may progress to a chronic arthritic phase of the disease that may last from a few months to several years, owing to a compromised disease resolution. The present review discusses the immunopathology of CHIKD and the factors that dictate disease progression and its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Srivastava
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul Hasan
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Mehta
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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31
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Abstract
Introduction: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging human arthropod borne virus, can causes global epidemic outbreaks and has become a serious health concern due to the unavailability of any antiviral therapy/vaccine. Extensive research has been conducted to target different proteins from CHIKV to curtail the spread of virus.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the granted patents including the current status of antiviral strategies targeting CHIKV.Expert opinion: Under the current scenario, potential molecules and different approaches have been utilized to suppress CHIKV infection. MV-CHIKV and VRC-CHKVLP059-00-VP vaccine candidates have successfully completed phase I clinical trials and ribavirin (inhibitor) has shown significant inhibition of CHIKV replication and could be the most promising candidates. The drug resistance and toxicity can be modulated by using the inhibitors/drugs in combination. Moreover, nanoparticle formulations can improve the efficacy and bioavailability of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Ghildiyal
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, U P, India
| | - Reema Gabrani
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, U P, India
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32
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Nayak K, Jain V, Kaur M, Khan N, Gottimukkala K, Aggarwal C, Sagar R, Gupta S, Rai RC, Dixit K, Islamuddin M, Khan WH, Verma A, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Reddy ES, Panda H, Sharma P, Bhatnagar P, Singh P, Raghavendhar B S, Patel AK, Ratageri VH, Chandele A, Ray P, Murali-Krishna K. Antibody response patterns in chikungunya febrile phase predict protection versus progression to chronic arthritis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130509. [PMID: 32155134 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute febrile illness in humans, and some of these individuals develop a debilitating chronic arthritis that can persist for months to years for reasons that remain poorly understood. In this study from India, we characterized antibody response patterns in febrile chikungunya patients and further assessed the association of these initial febrile-phase antibody response patterns with protection versus progression to developing chronic arthritis. We found 5 distinct patterns of the antibody responses in the febrile phase: no CHIKV binding or neutralizing (NT) antibodies but PCR positive, IgM alone with no NT activity, IgM alone with NT activity, IgM and IgG without NT activity, and IgM and IgG with NT activity. A 20-month follow-up showed that appearance of NT activity regardless of antibody isotype or appearance of IgG regardless of NT activity during the initial febrile phase was associated with a robust protection against developing chronic arthritis in the future. These findings, while providing potentially novel insights on correlates of protective immunity against chikungunya-induced chronic arthritis, suggest that qualitative differences in the antibody response patterns that have evolved during the febrile phase can serve as biomarkers that allow prediction of protection or progression to chronic arthritis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSAR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Naushad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Sagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Wajihul Hasan Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar B
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod H Ratageri
- Department of Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Emory Vaccine Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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33
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Distinct Roles of Interferon Alpha and Beta in Controlling Chikungunya Virus Replication and Modulating Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.00841-19. [PMID: 31619554 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00841-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are key mediators of the innate immune response. Although members of this family of cytokines signal through a single shared receptor, biochemical and functional variation exists in response to different IFN subtypes. While previous work has demonstrated that type I IFNs are essential to control infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a globally emerging alphavirus, the contributions of individual IFN subtypes remain undefined. To address this question, we evaluated CHIKV pathogenesis in mice lacking IFN-β (IFN-β knockout [IFN-β-KO] mice or mice treated with an IFN-β-blocking antibody) or IFN-α (IFN regulatory factor 7 knockout [IRF7-KO] mice or mice treated with a pan-IFN-α-blocking antibody). Mice lacking either IFN-α or IFN-β developed severe clinical disease following infection with CHIKV, with a marked increase in foot swelling compared to wild-type mice. Virological analysis revealed that mice lacking IFN-α sustained elevated infection in the infected ankle and in distant tissues. In contrast, IFN-β-KO mice displayed minimal differences in viral burdens within the ankle or at distal sites and instead had an altered cellular immune response. Mice lacking IFN-β had increased neutrophil infiltration into musculoskeletal tissues, and depletion of neutrophils in IFN-β-KO but not IRF7-KO mice mitigated musculoskeletal disease caused by CHIKV. Our findings suggest disparate roles for the IFN subtypes during CHIKV infection, with IFN-α limiting early viral replication and dissemination and IFN-β modulating neutrophil-mediated inflammation.IMPORTANCE Type I interferons (IFNs) possess a range of biological activity and protect against a number of viruses, including alphaviruses. Despite signaling through a shared receptor, there are established biochemical and functional differences among the IFN subtypes. The significance of our research is in demonstrating that IFN-α and IFN-β both have protective roles during acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection but do so by distinct mechanisms. IFN-α limits CHIKV replication and dissemination, whereas IFN-β protects from CHIKV pathogenesis by limiting inflammation mediated by neutrophils. Our findings support the premise that the IFN subtypes have distinct biological activities in the antiviral response.
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Ninla-Aesong P, Mitarnun W, Noipha K. Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines as Biomarkers of Persistent Arthralgia and Severe Disease After Chikungunya Virus Infection: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study in Southern Thailand. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:442-452. [PMID: 31718485 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a re-emerging viral disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The disease is generally self-limiting, but chronic arthralgia/arthritis may persist for months or years. We evaluated the expression of 12 cytokines/chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and compared among patients who still had arthralgia (persistent arthralgia), patients who had fully recovered, and healthy controls. There was a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MMP-1, and MMP-3 levels in patients with persistent arthralgia in comparison to healthy controls (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), MMP-1, and MMP-3 levels in patients with persistent arthralgia in comparison to patients who had fully recovered (p < 0.05). Interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels tended to be increased in patients with chronic CHIKV-induced arthritis compared with fully recovered. TNF-α, IL-12, and MCP-1 levels were elevated (p < 0.05), whereas regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels were decreased in patients with severe pain compared with patients with nonsevere pain (p < 0.05). IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels tended to be elevated in patients with severe pain compared with patients with nonsevere pain. We proposed a role played by TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in persistent arthralgia or chronic disease through the activation of MMP-1 and MMP-3. The increase in TNF-α, IL-12, and MCP-1 levels (and the tendency toward an increase in IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels) in patients with severe pain compared with patients with nonsevere pain suggests the role of these inflammatory markers in chronic disease and severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Winyou Mitarnun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kusumarn Noipha
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Paphayom, Phatthalung, Thailand
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35
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Rheumatic manifestations of chikungunya: emerging concepts and interventions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:597-611. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Young AR, Locke MC, Cook LE, Hiller BE, Zhang R, Hedberg ML, Monte KJ, Veis DJ, Diamond MS, Lenschow DJ. Dermal and muscle fibroblasts and skeletal myofibers survive chikungunya virus infection and harbor persistent RNA. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007993. [PMID: 31465513 PMCID: PMC6715174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that acutely causes fever as well as severe joint and muscle pain. Chronic musculoskeletal pain persists in a substantial fraction of patients for months to years after the initial infection, yet we still have a poor understanding of what promotes chronic disease. While replicating virus has not been detected in joint-associated tissues of patients with persistent arthritis nor in various animal models at convalescent time points, viral RNA is detected months after acute infection. To identify the cells that might contribute to pathogenesis during this chronic phase, we developed a recombinant CHIKV that expresses Cre recombinase (CHIKV-3'-Cre). CHIKV-3'-Cre replicated in myoblasts and fibroblasts, and it induced arthritis during the acute phase in mice. Importantly, it also induced chronic disease, including persistent viral RNA and chronic myositis and synovitis similar to wild-type virus. CHIKV-3'-Cre infection of tdTomato reporter mice resulted in a population of tdTomato+ cells that persisted for at least 112 days. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric profiling revealed that these tdTomato+ cells predominantly were myofibers and dermal and muscle fibroblasts. Treatment with an antibody against Mxra8, a recently defined host receptor for CHIKV, reduced the number of tdTomato+ cells in the chronic phase and diminished the levels of chronic viral RNA, implicating these tdTomato+ cells as the reservoir of chronic viral RNA. Finally, isolation and flow cytometry-based sorting of the tdTomato+ fibroblasts from the skin and ankle and analysis for viral RNA revealed that the tdTomato+ cells harbor most of the persistent CHIKV RNA at chronic time points. Therefore, this CHIKV-3'-Cre and tdTomato reporter mouse system identifies the cells that survive CHIKV infection in vivo and are enriched for persistent CHIKV RNA. This model represents a useful tool for studying CHIKV pathogenesis in the acute and chronic stages of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/virology
- Chikungunya Fever/metabolism
- Chikungunya Fever/virology
- Chikungunya virus/genetics
- Chikungunya virus/pathogenicity
- Dermis/metabolism
- Dermis/pathology
- Dermis/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/virology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/virology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa R. Young
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marissa C. Locke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lindsey E. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bradley E. Hiller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Hedberg
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kristen J. Monte
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Lenschow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Fernandes AIV, Souza JR, Silva AR, Cruz SBSC, Castellano LRC. Immunoglobulin Therapy in a Patient With Severe Chikungunya Fever and Vesiculobullous Lesions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1498. [PMID: 31312203 PMCID: PMC6614379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus whose transmission has already been reported in several countries. Although the majority of individuals acutely infected with CHIKV appear to become asymptomatic, reports showing the occurrence of atypical and severe forms of the disease are increasing. Among them, the neurological and skin manifestations require medical attention. Treatment of CHIKV infection is almost symptomatic. In this sense, we report the case of a 56-years-old man who presented fever, headaches, paresthesia and pain in the right arm with visible red spots on the skin starting 30 days before Hospital admission. Tests determined Chikungunya infection and excluded other co-morbidities. Disease evolved with edema in hands and feet and extensive hemorrhagic bullous lesions on the skin of upper and lower limbs. Variations in hematological counts associated with liver dysfunction determined this patient's admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Then, he received intravenous antibiotic and immunoglobulin therapy (400 mg/Kg/day for the period of 5 days) with total recovery from the lesions after 10 days of follow-up. A general improvement in blood cell count and successful wound healing was observed. After discharge, no other clinical sign of the disease was reported until nowadays. This case reports for the first time the successful administration of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy to a patient with severe atypical dermatological form of Chikungunya Fever without any associated comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel V Fernandes
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Division for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Joelma R Souza
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano R Silva
- Division for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sara B S C Cruz
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lúcio R C Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group-GEPIH, Escola Técnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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38
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Lombardi Pereira AP, Suzukawa HT, do Nascimento AM, Bufalo Kawassaki AC, Basso CR, Dos Santos DP, Damasco KF, Machado LF, Amarante MK, Ehara Watanabe MA. An overview of the immune response and Arginase I on CHIKV immunopathogenesis. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103581. [PMID: 31175971 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is mosquito-borne alphavirus that has caused epidemics around the world. Many individuals affected by the disease may experience joint pain that persists for months after the acute phase. The pathophysiology of viral arthritis is not completely elucidated. And it is important to emphasize that the effects of the viral infection in each host may depend on host factors that include immune response, as well as factors specific to the virus as tissue tropism. The main pathway for the response against viral infection is through induction of type I interferon (IFN-I), whose function is important to control viral replication. Beside this, T cell and macrophage mediated immunopathology in CHIKV infections has been reported. It has been demonstrated that some association with the Arginase I and macrophages type II are involved in the infection profile along with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that are responsible for T cell suppression. Therefore, in this review, will be discuss an overview on CHIKV immunopathogenesis and the importance of Arginase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Lombardi Pereira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Tiemi Suzukawa
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Miquelin do Nascimento
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aedra Carla Bufalo Kawassaki
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Regina Basso
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dayane Priscila Dos Santos
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kamila Falchetti Damasco
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda Machado
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
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Protective immunity by an engineered DNA vaccine for Mayaro virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007042. [PMID: 30730897 PMCID: PMC6366747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) of the genus alphavirus is a mosquito-transmitted emerging infectious disease that causes an acute febrile illness, rash, headaches, and nausea that may turn into incapacitating, persistent arthralgias in some victims. Since its discovery in Trinidad in 1954, cases of MAYV infection have largely been confined there and to the northern countries of South America, but recently, MAYV cases have been reported in some island nations in the Caribbean Sea. Accompanying these reports is evidence that new vectors, including Aedes spp. mosquitos, recently implicated in the global spread of Zika and chikungunya viruses, are competent for MAYV transmission, which, if true, could facilitate the spread of MAYV beyond its current range. Despite its status as an emerging virus, there are no licensed vaccines to prevent MAYV infection nor therapeutics to treat it. Here, we describe the development and testing of a novel DNA vaccine, scMAYV-E, that encodes a synthetically-designed consensus MAYV envelope sequence. In vivo electroporation-enhanced immunization of mice with this vaccine induced potent humoral responses including neutralizing antibodies as well as robust T-cell responses to multiple epitopes in the MAYV envelope. Importantly, these scMAYV-E-induced immune responses protected susceptible mice from morbidity and mortality following a MAYV challenge.
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Salazar V, Jagger BW, Mongkolsapaya J, Burgomaster KE, Dejnirattisai W, Winkler ES, Fernandez E, Nelson CA, Fremont DH, Pierson TC, Crowe JE, Screaton GR, Diamond MS. Dengue and Zika Virus Cross-Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Spondweni Virus Infection and Pathogenesis in Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1585-1597.e4. [PMID: 30726740 PMCID: PMC6420780 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondweni virus (SPOV) is the flavivirus that is most closely related to Zika virus (ZIKV). Although SPOV causes sporadic human infections in Africa, recently it was found in Culex mosquitoes in Haiti. To investigate the pathogenic spectrum of SPOV, we developed infection models in mice. Although two SPOV strains failed to cause disease in immunocompetent mice, each accumulated in the brain, spleen, eye, testis, and kidney when type I interferon signaling was blocked and unexpectedly caused infection, immune cell infiltration, and swelling in the ankle. In pregnant mice, SPOV replicated in the placenta and fetus but did not cause placental insufficiency or microcephaly. We identified human antibodies from ZIKV or DENV immune subjects that neutralized SPOV infection and protected against lethal challenge. Our experiments describe similarities and differences in clinical syndromes between SPOV and ZIKV and suggest that their serological relatedness has implications for antibody therapeutics and flavivirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brett W Jagger
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Estefania Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Maucourant C, Petitdemange C, Yssel H, Vieillard V. Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020131. [PMID: 30709036 PMCID: PMC6410043 DOI: 10.3390/v11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent explosive pandemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed by Zika (ZIKV) virus infections occurring throughout many countries represents the most unexpected arrival of arthropod-borne viral diseases in the past 20 years. Transmitted through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, the clinical picture associated with these acute arbovirus infections, including Dengue (DENV), CHIKV and ZIKV, ranges from classical febrile illness to life-threatening disease. Whereas ZIKV and CHIKV-mediated infections have previously been recognized as relatively benign diseases, in contrast to Dengue fever, recent epidemic events have brought waves of increased morbidity and mortality leading to a serious public health problem. Although the host immune response plays a crucial role in controlling infections, it may also promote viral spread and immunopathology. Here, we review recent developments in our understanding of the immune response, with an emphasis on the early antiviral immune response mediated by natural killer cells and emphasize their Janus-faced effects in the control of arbovirus infection and pathogenesis. Improving our understanding knowledge on of the mechanisms that control viral infection is crucial in the current race against the globalization of arbovirus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maucourant
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR9196, Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
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Henss L, Scholz T, Grünweller A, Schnierle BS. Silvestrol Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110592. [PMID: 30380742 PMCID: PMC6266838 DOI: 10.3390/v10110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silvestrol, a natural compound that is isolated from plants of the genus Aglaia, is a specific inhibitor of the RNA helicase eIF4A, which unwinds RNA secondary structures in 5′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs and allows translation. Silvestrol has a broad antiviral activity against multiple RNA virus families. Here, we show that silvestrol inhibits the replication of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a positive single-stranded RNA virus. Silvestrol delayed the protein synthesis of non-structural (nsPs) and structural proteins, resulting in a delayed innate response to CHIKV infection. Interferon-α induced STAT1 phosphorylation was not inhibited nor did eIF2α become phosphorylated 16 h post infection in the presence of silvestrol. In addition, the host protein shut-off induced by CHIKV infection was decreased in silvestrol-treated cells. Silvestrol acts by limiting the amount of nsPs, and thereby reducing CHIKV RNA replication. From our results, we propose that inhibition of the host helicase eIF4A might have potential as a therapeutic strategy to treat CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henss
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Scholz
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Tanabe ISB, Tanabe ELL, Santos EC, Martins WV, Araújo IMTC, Cavalcante MCA, Lima ARV, Câmara NOS, Anderson L, Yunusov D, Bassi ÊJ. Cellular and Molecular Immune Response to Chikungunya Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:345. [PMID: 30364124 PMCID: PMC6191487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emergent arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that causes a disease characterized primarily by fever, rash and severe persistent polyarthralgia. In the last decade, CHIKV has become a serious public health problem causing several outbreaks around the world. Despite the fact that CHIKV has been around since 1952, our knowledge about immunopathology, innate and adaptive immune response involved in this infectious disease is incomplete. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the current knowledge about immune response to CHIKV and about soluble immunological markers associated with the morbidity, prognosis and chronicity of this arbovirus disease. In addition, we discuss the progress in the research of new vaccines for preventing CHIKV infection and the use of monoclonal antibodies as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ithallo S B Tanabe
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Eloiza L L Tanabe
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Elane C Santos
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Wanessa V Martins
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Isadora M T C Araújo
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Maria C A Cavalcante
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ana R V Lima
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia dos Transplantes, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Anderson
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Dinar Yunusov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Genome Research Center, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | - Ênio J Bassi
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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Dias CNDS, Gois BM, Lima VS, Guerra-Gomes IC, Araújo JMG, Gomes JDAS, Araújo DAM, Medeiros IA, Azevedo FDLAAD, Veras RC, Janebro DI, Amaral IPGD, Keesen TSL. Human CD8 T-cell activation in acute and chronic chikungunya infection. Immunology 2018; 155:499-504. [PMID: 30099739 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for more detailed elucidation of T-cell immunity in chikungunya infection. CD8 T cells are one of main actors against viruses. Here, we analysed CD8+ T lymphocytes from patients in the acute and chronic phases of chikungunya disease (CHIKD). Our results demonstrate that CD8+ T cells expressed higher ex vivo granzyme B, perforin and CD107A expression in patients in the acute phase of CHIKD compared with healthy individuals and higher ex vivo expression of CD69, interleukin-17A, interleukin-10 and CD95 ligand, and co-expression of CD95/CD95 ligand. These results elucidate the importance of these lymphocytes, demonstrating immune mechanisms mediated in human chikungunya infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Nóbrega de Sousa Dias
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Macêdo Gois
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Viviane Silva Lima
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Guerra-Gomes
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Josélio Maria Galvão Araújo
- Molecular Biology of Cancer and Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Post-Graduation Programme on Parasite Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Isac Almeida Medeiros
- Research Institute for Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Cavalcanti Veras
- Research Institute for Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Daniele Idalino Janebro
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Tatjana Souza Lima Keesen
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Lucas ED, Finlon JM, Burchill MA, McCarthy MK, Morrison TE, Colpitts TM, Tamburini BAJ. Type 1 IFN and PD-L1 Coordinate Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Expansion and Contraction during an Inflammatory Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1735-1747. [PMID: 30045970 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) expansion during an immune response is a complex process that involves the relaxation of the fibroblastic network, germinal center formation, and lymphatic vessel growth. These processes require the stromal cell network of the LN to act deliberately to accommodate the influx of immune cells to the LN. The molecular drivers of these processes are not well understood. Therefore, we asked whether the immediate cytokines type 1 IFN produced during viral infection influence the lymphatic network of the LN in mice. We found that following an IFN-inducing stimulus such as viral infection or polyI:C, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is dynamically upregulated on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We found that reception of type 1 IFN by LECs is important for the upregulation of PD-L1 of mouse and human LECs and the inhibition of LEC expansion in the LN. Expression of PD-L1 by LECs is also important for the regulation of LN expansion and contraction after an IFN-inducing stimulus. We demonstrate a direct role for both type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in inhibiting LEC division and in promoting LEC survival. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism for the coordination of type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in manipulating LEC expansion and survival during an inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Lucas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jeffrey M Finlon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthew A Burchill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Murillo-Zamora E, Mendoza-Cano O, Trujillo-Hernández B, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Higareda-Almaraz E, Higareda-Almaraz MA, Sánchez-Piña RA, Lugo-Radillo A. Persistent Arthralgia and Related Risks Factors: A Cohort Study at 12 Months from Laboratory-Confirmed Chikungunya Infection. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:65-73. [PMID: 29703609 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the cumulative incidence and clinical markers associated with persistent arthralgia (PA) at 12 months from acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in the state of Colima, Mexico, and 217 serologically confirmed cases of CHIKV infection were enrolled. Participants aged 15 years and older were interviewed on 6 months basis from acute illness onset and the main binary outcome was self-reported PA at 12 months. To assess clinical markers associated with PA we used a generalized linear model. The 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to screen for depressive symptoms among PA-positive individuals. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of PA was 31.8%. In the generalized linear model, individuals ≥40 years of age (risk ratio (RR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-2.55) and those with 8 or more arthralgia sites (RR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.87-4.53) at acute disease had a significantly increased risk of PA at 12 months from CHIKV infection. Self-reported arthralgia (any site) at 3 months post-infection, a sub-chronic clinical marker, was also associated with a significantly increased risk of long-term articular manifestations (RR = 7.06, 95% CI 2.97-16.81). Depressive symptoms (PHQ-2 score ≥3) were reported by 33.3% of PA-positive participants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that chronic CHKV-related articular manifestations were a frequent event in the study sample and the impact on functional status was potential. These results may be useful in health care settings in the risk-stratification of PA after CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Colima, Colima, México; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Medicina, Colima, Colima, México
| | - Oliver Mendoza-Cano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, Coquimatlán, Colima, México; T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | - José Guzmán-Esquivel
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México; Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Colima, Colima, México
| | - Enrique Higareda-Almaraz
- Jefatura de Servicios de Prestaciones Médicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Colima, Colima, México
| | | | - Ramón Alberto Sánchez-Piña
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agustin Lugo-Radillo
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
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Gall B, Pryke K, Abraham J, Mizuno N, Botto S, Sali TM, Broeckel R, Haese N, Nilsen A, Placzek A, Morrison T, Heise M, Streblow D, DeFilippis V. Emerging Alphaviruses Are Sensitive to Cellular States Induced by a Novel Small-Molecule Agonist of the STING Pathway. J Virol 2018; 92:e01913-17. [PMID: 29263267 PMCID: PMC5827377 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01913-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) system represents an essential innate immune response that renders cells resistant to virus growth via the molecular actions of IFN-induced effector proteins. IFN-mediated cellular states inhibit growth of numerous and diverse virus types, including those of known pathogenicity as well as potentially emerging agents. As such, targeted pharmacologic activation of the IFN response may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent infection or spread of clinically impactful viruses. In light of this, we employed a high-throughput screen to identify small molecules capable of permeating the cell and of activating IFN-dependent signaling processes. Here we report the identification and characterization of N-(methylcarbamoyl)-2-{[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}-2-phenylacetamide (referred to as C11), a novel compound capable of inducing IFN secretion from human cells. Using reverse genetics-based loss-of-function assays, we show that C11 activates the type I IFN response in a manner that requires the adaptor protein STING but not the alternative adaptors MAVS and TRIF. Importantly, treatment of cells with C11 generated a cellular state that potently blocked replication of multiple emerging alphavirus types, including chikungunya, Ross River, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, and O'nyong-nyong viruses. The antiviral effects of C11 were subsequently abrogated in cells lacking STING or the type I IFN receptor, indicating that they are mediated, at least predominantly, by way of STING-mediated IFN secretion and subsequent autocrine/paracrine signaling. This work also allowed characterization of differential antiviral roles of innate immune signaling adaptors and IFN-mediated responses and identified MAVS as being crucial to cellular resistance to alphavirus infection.IMPORTANCE Due to the increase in emerging arthropod-borne viruses, such as chikungunya virus, that lack FDA-approved therapeutics and vaccines, it is important to better understand the signaling pathways that lead to clearance of virus. Here we show that C11 treatment makes human cells refractory to replication of a number of these viruses, which supports its value in increasing our understanding of the immune response and viral pathogenesis required to establish host infection. We also show that C11 depends on signaling through STING to produce antiviral type I interferon, which further supports its potential as a therapeutic drug or research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kara Pryke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jinu Abraham
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nobuyo Mizuno
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sara Botto
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tina M Sali
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rebecca Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicole Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Thomas Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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49
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Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Protects against Chikungunya Virus-Induced Immunopathology by Restricting Infection in Muscle Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01419-17. [PMID: 28835505 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01419-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system protects cells against viral pathogens in part through the autocrine and paracrine actions of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) (type I), IFN-γ (type II), and IFN-λ (type III). The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) has a demonstrated role in shaping innate and adaptive antiviral immunity by inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and mediating signals downstream of IFN-γ. Although ectopic expression experiments have suggested an inhibitory function of IRF-1 against infection of alphaviruses in cell culture, its role in vivo remains unknown. Here, we infected Irf1 -/- mice with two distantly related arthritogenic alphaviruses, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV), and assessed the early antiviral functions of IRF-1 prior to induction of adaptive B and T cell responses. IRF-1 expression limited CHIKV-induced foot swelling in joint-associated tissues and prevented dissemination of CHIKV and RRV at early time points. Virological and histological analyses revealed greater infection of muscle tissues in Irf1 -/- mice than in wild-type mice. The antiviral actions of IRF-1 appeared to be independent of the induction of type I IFN or the effects of type II and III IFNs but were associated with altered local proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses and differential infiltration of myeloid cell subsets. Collectively, our in vivo experiments suggest that IRF-1 restricts CHIKV and RRV infection in stromal cells, especially muscle cells, and that this controls local inflammation and joint-associated swelling.IMPORTANCE Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of a broad range of antiviral host defense genes. In this study, using Irf1 -/- mice, we investigated the role of IRF-1 in modulating pathogenesis of two related arthritogenic alphaviruses, chikungunya virus and Ross River virus. Our studies show that IRF-1 controlled alphavirus replication and swelling in joint-associated tissues within days of infection. Detailed histopathological and virological analyses revealed that IRF-1 preferentially restricted CHIKV infection in cells of nonhematopoietic lineage, including muscle cells. The antiviral actions of IRF-1 resulted in decreased local inflammatory responses in joint-associated tissues, which prevented immunopathology.
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50
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Lang PO, Loulergue P, Aspinall R. Chikungunya Virus Infection: Why Should U.S. Geriatricians Be Aware of It? J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2529-2534. [PMID: 28940385 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was until recently perceived only as a tropical disease. Since the first report of a case in Saint Martin Island in 2013, it has spread to South, Central, and North America. The first local transmission in the continental United States was reported in Florida in July 2014. CHIV infection is known to cause debilitating rheumatologic disease. Older adults are particularly susceptible to severe and chronic infection. Without an effective vaccine and antiviral therapy to prevent and control CHIKV, U.S. geriatricians could soon be confronted with major clinical, functional, and therapeutic challenges. After a general overview of CHIKV infection, this review will examine reasons why it has become such a threat to the United States and consider factors that contribute to the greater burden and effect of this disease in elderly adults. Consideration will be given to how aging and immunosenescence may contribute to CHIKV's atypical and more-severe clinical features in older adults. This review concludes with possible therapeutic approaches that best fit the unique needs of older adults, especially with regard to multimorbidity and polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Olivier Lang
- Health and Wellbeing Academy, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Geriatric and Geriatric Rehabilitation Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Loulergue
- CIC Cochin-Pasteur, INSERM CIC1417, Teaching Hospital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Richard Aspinall
- Health and Wellbeing Academy, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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