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Sussman C, Liberatore RA, Drozdz MM. Delivery of DNA-Based Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38675196 PMCID: PMC11053842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and its role in the medical field have evolved drastically in recent decades. Studies aim to define DNA-based medicine as well as encourage innovation and the further development of novel approaches. Gene therapy has been established as an alternative approach to treat a variety of diseases. Its range of mechanistic applicability is wide; gene therapy has the capacity to address the symptoms of disease, the body's ability to fight disease, and in some cases has the ability to cure disease, making it a more attractive intervention than some traditional approaches to treatment (i.e., medicine and surgery). Such versatility also suggests gene therapy has the potential to address a greater number of indications than conventional treatments. Many DNA-based therapies have shown promise in clinical trials, and several have been approved for use in humans. Whereas current treatment regimens for chronic disease often require frequent dosing, DNA-based therapies can produce robust and durable expression of therapeutic genes with fewer treatments. This benefit encourages the application of DNA-based gene therapy to manage chronic diseases, an area where improving efficiency of current treatments is urgent. Here, we provide an overview of two DNA-based gene therapies as well as their delivery methods: adeno associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy and plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based gene therapy. We will focus on how these therapies have already been utilized to improve treatment of chronic disease, as well as how current literature supports the expansion of these therapies to treat additional chronic indications in the future.
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Nakagami H, Matsumoto T, Takazawa K, Sekino H, Matsuoka O, Inoue S, Furuie H, Morishita R. Long Term Follow-Up Study of a Randomized, Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Phase I/II Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of Intramuscular and Intradermal Doses of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (AG0302-COVID19). Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1535. [PMID: 37896939 PMCID: PMC10611071 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have demonstrated antibody production and infection prevention with an intradermal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) DNA vaccine (AG0302-COVID-19). This clinical trial aimed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of high doses of AG0302-COVID19 when injected intramuscularly and intradermally. Healthy adults were randomly divided into three intramuscular vaccination groups (2 mg, three times at 2-week intervals; 4 mg, twice at 4-week intervals; and 8 mg, twice at 4-week intervals) and two intradermal groups (1 mg, three times at 2-week intervals or twice at 4-week intervals). After a one-year follow-up, no serious adverse events were related to AG0302-COVID-19. At Week 52, the changes in the geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios of the anti-S antibodies were 2.5, 2.4, and 3.2 in the 2, 4, and 8 mg intramuscular groups, respectively, and 3.2 and 5.1 in the three times and twice injected intradermal groups, respectively. The number of INF-γ-producing cells responsive to S protein increased after the first dose and was sustained for several months. AG0302-COVID-19 showed an acceptable safety profile, but the induction of a humoral immune response was insufficient to justify progressing to a Phase 3 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda Narita, Chiba 286-0124, Japan;
| | - Kenji Takazawa
- Medical Corporation Shinanokai Shinanozaka Clinic, 20 Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0017, Japan
| | - Hisakuni Sekino
- Sekino Clinical Pharmacology Clinic, 3-28-3 Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-0014, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuoka
- Medical Corporation Heishinkai ToCROM Clinic, 4-9, Yotsuyasanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0008, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Medical Corporation Heishinkai OCROM Clinic, 4-12-11, Kasuga, Suita 565-0853, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Furuie
- Osaka Pharmacology Clinical Research Hospital, 4-1-29, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan;
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
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Mondal N, Dalal DC. Modelling of reversible tissue electroporation and its thermal effects in drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:47-57. [PMID: 37459904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a very useful tool for drug delivery into various diseased tissues of the human body. This technique helps to improve the clinical treatment by transferring drugs into the targeted cells rapidly. In electroporation, drug particles enter easily into the intracellular compartment through the temporarily permeabilized cell membrane due to the applied electric field. In this work, a mathematical model of drug delivery focusing on reversible tissue electroporation is presented. In addition, the thermal effects on the tissue, which is an outcome of Joule heating, are also considered. This model introduces a time-dependent mass transfer coefficient, which is significant to drug transport. Multiple pulses with low voltage are applied to reach sufficient drugs into the targeted cells. Based on the physical circumstances, a set of differential equations are considered and solved. The changes in drug concentration with different parameters (e.g., diffusion coefficient, drug permeability, pulse length, and pulse number) are analyzed. The model optimizes the electroporation parameters to uptake sufficient drugs into the cells with no thermal damage. This model can be used in clinical experiments to predict drug uptake into the infected cells by controlling the model parameters according to the nature of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The ICFAI University Tripura, West Tripura, Agartala 799210, Tripura, India.
| | - D C Dalal
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Kamensek U, Cemazar M, Kranjc Brezar S, Jesenko T, Kos S, Znidar K, Markelc B, Modic Z, Komel T, Gorse T, Rebersek E, Jakopic H, Sersa G. What We Learned about the Feasibility of Gene Electrotransfer for Vaccination on a Model of COVID-19 Vaccine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1981. [PMID: 37514166 PMCID: PMC10385748 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination is one of the emerging approaches for a wide range of applications, including prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases and therapeutic vaccination against cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of our previously optimized protocols for gene electrotransfer (GET)-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA into skin and muscle tissues on a model of COVID-19 vaccine. Plasmids encoding the SARS-CoV-2 proteins spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) were used as the antigen source, and a plasmid encoding interleukin 12 (IL-12) was used as an adjuvant. Vaccination was performed in the skin or muscle tissue of C57BL/6J mice on days 0 and 14 (boost). Two weeks after the boost, blood, spleen, and transfected tissues were collected to determine the expression of S, N, IL-12, serum interferon-γ, the induction of antigen-specific IgG antibodies, and cytotoxic T-cells. In accordance with prior in vitro experiments that indicated problems with proper expression of the S protein, vaccination with S did not induce S-specific antibodies, whereas significant induction of N-specific antibodies was detected after vaccination with N. Intramuscular vaccination outperformed skin vaccination and resulted in significant induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Moreover, both boost and adjuvant were found to be redundant for the induction of an immune response. Overall, the study confirmed the feasibility of the GET for DNA vaccination and provided valuable insights into this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Kamensek
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | | | - Tanja Jesenko
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Spela Kos
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Znidar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ziva Modic
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tilen Komel
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Gorse
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Rebersek
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Jakopic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Colombani T, Haudebourg T, Pitard B. 704/DNA vaccines leverage cytoplasmic DNA stimulation to promote anti-HIV neutralizing antibody production in mice and strong immune response against alpha-fetoprotein in non-human primates. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:743-757. [PMID: 37251693 PMCID: PMC10213191 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic immunization is an attractive approach for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination using synthetic vectors to deliver antigen-encoding nucleic acids. Recently, DNA delivered by a physical means or RNA by liposomes consisting of four different lipids demonstrated good protection in human phase III clinical trials and received Drugs Controller General of India and US FDA approval to protect against COVID-19, respectively. However, the development of a system allowing for efficient and simple delivery of nucleic acids while improving immune response priming has the potential to unleash the full therapeutic potential of genetic immunization. DNA-based gene therapies and vaccines have the potential for rapid development, as exemplified by the recent approval of Collategene, a gene therapy to treat human critical limb ischemia, and ZyCoV, a DNA vaccine delivered by spring-powered jet injector to protect against SARS-CoV2 infection. Recently, we reported amphiphilic block copolymer 704 as a promising synthetic vector for DNA vaccination in various models of human diseases. This vector allows dose sparing of antigen-encoding plasmid DNA. Here, we report the capacity of 704-mediated HIV and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma DNA vaccines to induce the production of specific antibodies against gp120 HIV envelope proteins in mice and against alpha-fetoprotein antigen in non-human primates, respectively. An investigation of the underlying mechanisms showed that 704-mediated vaccination did trigger a strong immune response by (1) allowing a direct DNA delivery into the cytosol, (2) promoting an intracytoplasmic DNA sensing leading to both interferon and NF-κB cascade stimulation, and (3) inducing antigen expression by muscle cells and presentation by antigen-presenting cells, leading to the induction of a robust adaptive response. Overall, our findings suggest that the 704-mediated DNA vaccination platform is an attractive method to develop both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR1302, CNRS EMR6001, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Haudebourg
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR1302, CNRS EMR6001, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Pitard
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR1302, CNRS EMR6001, 44000 Nantes, France
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A hierarchical tumor-targeting strategy for eliciting potent antitumor immunity against triple negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122067. [PMID: 36854221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) as a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy lacks targeting therapies nowadays. Moreover, although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is known to trigger anti-tumor immune response, most TNBC falls into the immunologically "cold" category unsuitable for ICB therapy due to insufficient lymphocyte infiltration. Herein, we develop a hierarchical targeting strategy for preparing a core-shell-structural nanodrug to concurrently block the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and deliver a stimulator of interferon gene (STING) agonist into tumor-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The nanodrug complexed the interferon stimulatory DNA (ISD) for STING activation in its core, conjugated PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) on its shell through a matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) substrate peptide, and incorporated "hidden" mannose in its sublayer. Through aPD-L1-mediated active targeting of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating APCs, the nanodrug efficiently accumulated in tumor sites. Then, the PD-L1-conjugating peptide was cleaved by tumor-enriched MMP-2, leaving aPD-L1 on target cells for ICB while exposing mannose to mediate targeted delivery of ISD into tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Activating the STING signaling in DCs and TAMs not only stimulated the APCs maturation to prime anti-tumor immunity but also induced their chemokine secretion to promote tumor infiltration of anti-tumor effector T cells, thus sensitizing TNBC to the ICB therapy. Consequently, a potent antitumor immunity was evoked to effectively inhibit the tumor growth and metastasis in mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer, showing the great potential in treating immunologically "cold" tumors.
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Smeekens JM, Kesselring JR, Frizzell H, Bagley KC, Kulis MD. Induction of food-specific IgG by Gene Gun-delivered DNA vaccines. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:969337. [PMID: 36340020 PMCID: PMC9632862 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.969337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shellfish and tree nut allergies are among the most prevalent food allergies, now affecting 2%–3% and 1% of the US population, respectively. Currently, there are no approved therapies for shellfish or tree nut allergies, with strict avoidance being the standard of care. However, oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy and subcutaneous immunotherapy for environmental allergens are efficacious and lead to the production of allergen-specific IgG, which causes suppression of allergen effector cell degranulation. Since allergen-specific IgG is a desired response to alleviate IgE-mediated allergies, we tested transcutaneously-delivered DNA vaccines targeting shellfish and tree nut allergens for their ability to induce antigen-specific IgG, which would have therapeutic potential for food allergies. Methods We assessed Gene Gun-delivered DNA vaccines targeting either crustacean shellfish or walnut/pecan allergens, with or without IL-12, in naïve mice. Three strains of mice, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ and CC027/GeniUnc, were evaluated for IgG production following vaccination. Vaccines were administered twice via Gene Gun, three weeks apart and then blood was collected three weeks following the final vaccination. Results Vaccination with shellfish allergen DNA led to increased shrimp-specific IgG in all three strains, with the highest production in C3H/HeJ from the vaccine alone, whereas the vaccine with IL-12 led to the highest IgG production in BALB/cJ and CC027/GeniUnc mice. Similar IgG production was also induced against lobster and crab allergens. For walnut/pecan vaccines, BALB/cJ and C3H/HeJ mice produced significantly higher walnut- and pecan-specific IgG with the vaccine alone compared to the vaccine with IL-12, while the CC027 mice made significantly higher IgG with the addition of IL-12. Notably, intramuscular administration of the vaccines did not lead to increased antigen-specific IgG production, indicating that Gene Gun administration is a superior delivery modality. Conclusions Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of DNA vaccines against two lifelong food allergies, shellfish and tree nuts, suggesting their potential as a food allergy therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Correspondence: Johanna M. Smeekens
| | - Janelle R. Kesselring
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Michael D. Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Nakagami H, Hayashi H, Sun J, Yanagida Y, Otera T, Nakagami F, Hamaguchi S, Yoshida H, Okuno H, Yoshida S, Nakamaru R, Yokoyama S, Fujimoto T, Hongyo K, Akeda Y, Morishita R, Tomono K, Rakugi H. Phase I Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Intradermal COVID-19 DNA Vaccine Administered Using a Pyro-Drive Jet Injector in Healthy Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091427. [PMID: 36146505 PMCID: PMC9503587 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a nonrandomized, open-label phase I study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an intradermal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) DNA vaccine (AG0302-COVID-19) administered using a pyro-drive jet injector at Osaka University Hospital between Yanagida November 2020 and December 2021. Twenty healthy volunteers, male or female, were enrolled in the low-dose (0.2 mg) or high-dose (0.4 mg) groups and administered AG0302-COVID19 twice at a 2-week interval. There were no adverse events that led to discontinuation of the study drug vaccination schedule. A serious adverse event (disc protrusion) was reported in one patient in the high-dose group, but the individual recovered, and the adverse event was not causally related to the study drug. In the analysis of the humoral immune response, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-specific antibody was low in both the low-dose and high-dose groups (246.2 (95% CI 176.2 to 344.1, 348.2 (95% CI 181.3 to 668.9)) at the 8 weeks after first vaccination. Regarding the analysis of the cellular immune, the number of IFN-γ-producing cells responsive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein increased with individual differences after the first dose and was sustained for several months. Overall, no notable safety issues were observed with the intradermal inoculations of AG0302-COVID19. Regarding immunogenicity, a cellular immune response was observed in some subjects after AG0302-COVID19 intradermal inoculation, but no significant antibody production was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6210-8359; Fax: +81-6-6210-8360
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yanagida
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Otera
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nakagami
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisao Yoshida
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Okuno
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Yoshida
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamaru
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Serina Yokoyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hongyo
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Tang J, Li M, Zhao C, Shen D, Liu L, Zhang X, Wei L. Therapeutic DNA Vaccines against HPV-Related Malignancies: Promising Leads from Clinical Trials. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020239. [PMID: 35215833 PMCID: PMC8874761 DOI: 10.3390/v14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014 and 2021, two nucleic-acid vaccine candidates named MAV E2 and VGX-3100 completed phase III clinical trials in Mexico and U.S., respectively, for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). These well-tolerated but still unlicensed vaccines encode distinct HPV antigens (E2 versus E6+E7) to elicit cell-mediated immune responses; their clinical efficacy, as measured by HSIL regression or cure, was modest when compared with placebo or surgery (conization), but both proved highly effective in clearing HPV infection, which should help further optimize strategies for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, toward an ultimate goal of preventing malignancies in millions of patients who are living with persistent, oncogenic HPV infection but are not expected to benefit from current, prophylactic vaccines. The major roadblocks to a highly efficacious and practical product remain challenging and can be classified into five categories: (i) getting the vaccines into the right cells for efficient expression and presentation of HPV antigens (fusion proteins or epitopes); (ii) having adequate coverage of oncogenic HPV types, beyond the current focus on HPV-16 and -18; (iii) directing immune protection to various epithelial niches, especially anogenital mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract where HPV-transformed cells wreak havoc; (iv) establishing the time window and vaccination regimen, including dosage, interval and even combination therapy, for achieving maximum efficacy; and (v) validating therapeutic efficacy in patients with poor prognosis because of advanced, recurrent or non-resectable malignancies. Overall, the room for improvements is still large enough that continuing efforts for research and development will very likely extend into the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
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An ultra-low-cost electroporator with microneedle electrodes (ePatch) for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110817118. [PMID: 34670842 PMCID: PMC8609327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110817118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-cost and rapidly distributable vaccines are urgently needed to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics, especially for developing countries and other low-resource settings. DNA vaccines are inexpensive, rapidly developed, and safe, but require bulky and expensive electroporation devices for effective vaccination, which presents challenges to affordable and mass vaccination. We developed an ultra-low-cost (<1 USD), handheld (<50 g), battery-free electroporation system combining a thumb-actuated piezoelectric pulser and a microneedle electrode array skin interface for DNA vaccination against COVID-19, which was shown to be immunogenic and well-tolerated in animal studies. This study provides a proof-of-concept that DNA vaccination against epidemics can be achieved using an ultra-low-cost electroporator that is inexpensive enough for single use and robust enough for repeated use if desired. Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other pathogens with pandemic potential requires safe, protective, inexpensive, and easily accessible vaccines that can be developed and manufactured rapidly at a large scale. DNA vaccines can achieve these criteria, but induction of strong immune responses has often required bulky, expensive electroporation devices. Here, we report an ultra-low-cost (<1 USD), handheld (<50 g) electroporation system utilizing a microneedle electrode array (“ePatch”) for DNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The low cost and small size are achieved by combining a thumb-operated piezoelectric pulser derived from a common household stove lighter that emits microsecond, bipolar, oscillatory electric pulses and a microneedle electrode array that targets delivery of high electric field strength pulses to the skin’s epidermis. Antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 induced by this electroporation system in mice were strong and enabled at least 10-fold dose sparing compared to conventional intramuscular or intradermal injection of the DNA vaccine. Vaccination was well tolerated with mild, transient effects on the skin. This ePatch system is easily portable, without any battery or other power source supply, offering an attractive, inexpensive approach for rapid and accessible DNA vaccination to combat COVID-19, as well as other epidemics.
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Shafaati M, Saidijam M, Soleimani M, Hazrati F, Mirzaei R, Amirheidari B, Tanzadehpanah H, Karampoor S, Kazemi S, Yavari B, Mahaki H, Safaei M, Rahbarizadeh F, Samadi P, Ahmadyousefi Y. A brief review on DNA vaccines in the era of COVID-19. Future Virol 2021; 17:10.2217/fvl-2021-0170. [PMID: 34858516 PMCID: PMC8629371 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a brief overview of DNA vaccines. First, the basic DNA vaccine design strategies are described, then specific issues related to the industrial production of DNA vaccines are discussed, including the production and purification of DNA products such as plasmid DNA, minicircle DNA, minimalistic, immunologically defined gene expression (MIDGE) and Doggybone™. The use of adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines is then discussed. In addition, different delivery routes and several physical and chemical methods to increase the efficacy of DNA delivery into cells are explained. Recent preclinical and clinical trials of DNA vaccines for COVID-19 are then summarized. Lastly, the advantages and obstacles of DNA vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shafaati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshte Hazrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kazemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bahram Yavari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Nakagami H. Development of COVID-19 vaccines utilizing gene therapy technology. Int Immunol 2021; 33:521-527. [PMID: 33772572 PMCID: PMC8083619 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Individuals with COVID-19 have symptoms that are usually asymptomatic or mild in most initial cases. However, in some cases, moderate and severe symptoms have been observed with pneumonia. Many companies are developing COVID-19 vaccine candidates using different technologies that are classified into four groups (intact target viruses, proteins, viral vectors and nucleic acids). For rapid development, RNA vaccines and adenovirus vector vaccines have been urgently approved, and their injection has already started across the world. These types of vaccine technologies have been developed over more than 20 years using translational research for use against cancer or diseases caused by genetic disorders but the COVID-19 vaccines are the first licensed drugs to prevent infectious diseases using RNA vaccine technology. Although these vaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19 for a short period, safety and efficiency evaluations should be continuously monitored over a long time period. As the time of writing, more than 10 projects are now in phase 3 to evaluate the prevention of infection in double-blind studies. Hopefully, several projects may be approved to ensure high-efficiency and safe vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Immunogenicity of stabilized HIV-1 Env trimers delivered by self-amplifying mRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:483-493. [PMID: 34589271 PMCID: PMC8463288 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) represents a promising platform for nucleic acid delivery of vaccine immunogens. Unlike plasmid DNA, saRNA does not require entry into the nucleus of target cells for expression, having the capacity to drive higher protein expression compared to mRNA as it replicates within the cytoplasm. In this study, we examined the potential of stabilized native-like HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers to elicit immune responses when delivered by saRNA polyplexes (PLXs), assembled with linear polyethylenimine. We showed that Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) saRNA induces a stronger humoral immune response to the encoded transgene compared to Semliki Forest virus saRNA. Moreover, we characterized the immunogenicity of the soluble and membrane-bound ConSOSL.UFO Env design in mice and showed a faster humoral kinetic and an immunoglobulin G (IgG)2a skew using a membrane-bound design. The immune response generated by PLX VEEV saRNA encoding the membrane-bound Env was then evaluated in larger animal models including macaques, in which low doses induced high IgG responses. Our data demonstrated that the VEEV saRNA PLX nanoparticle formulation represents a suitable platform for the delivery of stabilized HIV-1 Env and has the potential to be used in a variety of vaccine regimens.
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Miyake M, Sekine M, Suzuki T, Yokoi H. Visualization of Sox10-positive chromatoblasts by GFP fluorescence in flounder larvae and juveniles using electroporation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 336:393-403. [PMID: 33900043 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Japanese flounder are left-right asymmetrical, with features, such as dark, ocular-side specific pigmentation. This pigmentation arises during metamorphic stages, along with the asymmetric differentiation of adult-type chromatophores. Additionally, among juveniles, tank-reared specimens commonly show ectopic pigmentation on their blind sides. In both cases, neural crest-derived Sox10-positive progenitor cells at the dorsal fin base are hypothesized to contribute to chromatophore development. Here, we developed a method to visualize Sox10-positive cells via green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence to directly monitor their migration and differentiation into chromatophores in vivo. Electroporation was applied to introduce GFP reporter vectors into the dorsal fin base of larvae and juveniles. Cre-loxP system vectors were also tested to enable cell labeling even after a decrease in sox10 expression levels. In larvae, undifferentiated Sox10-positive progenitor cells were labeled in the dorsal fin base, whereas newly differentiated adult-type chromatophores were seen dispersed on the ocular side. In juveniles, Sox10-positive cells were identified in the connective tissue of the dorsal fin base and observed prominently in areas of ectopic pigmentation, including several labeled melanophores. Thus, it was suggested that during metamorphic stages, Sox10-positive cells at the dorsal fin base contribute to adult-type chromatophore development, whereas in juveniles, they persist as precursors in the connective tissue, which in response to stimuli migrate to generate ectopic pigmentation. These findings contribute to elucidating pigmentation mechanisms, as well as abnormalities seen in hatchery-reared flounders. The electroporation method may be adapted to diverse animals as an accessible gene transfer method in various research fields, including developmental and biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minato Miyake
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiharu Sekine
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hayato Yokoi
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Lee YH, Lim H, Lee JA, Kim SH, Hwang YH, In HJ, Kim MY, Chung GT. Optimization of Zika DNA vaccine by delivery systems. Virology 2021; 559:10-14. [PMID: 33780719 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we designed and evaluated the efficacy of six DNA vaccine candidates based on the E protein of Zika virus (ZIKV). To optimize the DNA vaccine, we inoculated C57BL/6 and IFNAR1- mice with the vaccine candidate expressing tandem repeated ZIKV envelope domain III (ED III × 3) doses; 50 μg by intramuscular (IM), jet injection (JET), or electroporation (EP) routes. Results showed that vaccination by all routes induced humoral and cellular immunity. Among them, EP induced robust ZIKV E specific-total IgG and neutralizing antibodies, as well as T cell responses. Additionally, EP showed superior protective efficacy against the ZIKV Brazil strain compared to the IM and JET routes. Finally, in the dose optimization test of EP route, cellular immunity of 50 μg was induced a significant level than other dose groups. These results showed that the EP delivery system enhanced the potential immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ha Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Lim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Hwang
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju In
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Tae Chung
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Fomsgaard A, Liu MA. The Key Role of Nucleic Acid Vaccines for One Health. Viruses 2021; 13:258. [PMID: 33567520 PMCID: PMC7916035 DOI: 10.3390/v13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted both the importance of One Health, i.e., the interactions and transmission of pathogens between animals and humans, and the potential power of gene-based vaccines, specifically nucleic acid vaccines. This review will highlight key aspects of the development of plasmid DNA Nucleic Acid (NA) vaccines, which have been licensed for several veterinary uses, and tested for a number of human diseases, and will explain how an understanding of their immunological and real-world attributes are important for their efficacy, and how they helped pave the way for mRNA vaccines. The review highlights how combining efforts for vaccine development for both animals and humans is crucial for advancing new technologies and for combatting emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fomsgaard
- Department of Virology and Microbiological Special Diagnostic, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margaret A. Liu
- ProTherImmune, 3656 Happy Valley Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, USA
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Liu Z, Liang X, Liu H, Wang Z, Jiang T, Cheng Y, Wu M, Xiang D, Li Z, Wang ZL, Li L. High-Throughput and Self-Powered Electroporation System for Drug Delivery Assisted by Microfoam Electrode. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15458-15467. [PMID: 32991146 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is an effective approach for drug and gene delivery, but it is still limited by its low-throughput and severe cell damage. Herein, with a self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator as the power source, we demonstrated a high-throughput electroporation system based on the design of biocompatible and flexible polypyrrole microfoam as the electrode within the flow channel. In particular, to lower the imposed voltage, one-dimensional (1D) Ag nanowires were modified on the microfoam electrode to build up a locally enhanced electric field and reduce cell damage. The self-powered electroporation system realized a successful delivery of small and large biomolecules into different cell lines with efficiency up to 86% and cell viability over 88%. The handle throughput achieved as high as 105 cells min-1 on continuously flowed cells. The high-throughput and self-powered electroporation system is expected to have potential applications in the fields of high-throughput drug and gene delivery for in vitro isolated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Deli Xiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Linlin Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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18
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Dong Y, Dai T, Wei Y, Zhang L, Zheng M, Zhou F. A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:237. [PMID: 33051445 PMCID: PMC7551521 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus that is highly pathogenic and has caused the recent worldwide pandemic officially named coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Currently, considerable efforts have been put into developing effective and safe drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines, and vector vaccines, have already entered clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the experimental and clinical data obtained from recent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines trials, and highlight certain potential safety issues that require consideration when developing vaccines. Furthermore, we summarize several strategies utilized in the development of vaccines against other infectious viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), with the aim of aiding in the design of effective therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/drug effects
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Patient Safety
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Virus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effects
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Vaccines, Attenuated
- Vaccines, DNA
- Vaccines, Subunit
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetian Dong
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tong Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yujun Wei
- Anhui Anlong Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230041, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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A Simple and Efficient Genetic Immunization Protocol for the Production of Highly Specific Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies against the Native Form of Mammalian Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197074. [PMID: 32992862 PMCID: PMC7582275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies by genetic immunization over the last two decades. In this paper, we present our most successful methodology acquired over these years and present the animals in which we obtained the highest rates of success. The technique presented is convenient, easy, affordable, and generates antibodies against mammalian proteins in their native form. This protocol requires neither expensive equipment, such as a gene gun, nor sophisticated techniques such as the conjugation of gold microspheres, electroporation, or surgery to inject in lymph nodes. The protocol presented uses simply the purified plasmid expressing the protein of interest under a strong promoter, which is injected at intramuscular and intradermal sites. This technique was tested in five species. Guinea pigs were the animals of choice for the production of polyclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies could be generated in mice by giving, as a last injection, a suspension of transfected cells. The antibodies detected their antigens in their native forms. They were highly specific with very low non-specific background levels, as assessed by immune-blots, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We present herein a detailed and simple procedure to successfully raise specific antibodies against native proteins.
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20
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Pirc E, Reberšek M, Miklavčič D. Functional Requirements and Quality Assurance Necessary for Successful Incorporation of Electroporation-Based Therapies Into Clinical Practice. J Med Device 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4045837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Electroporation-based therapies have a huge potential for implementation into clinical practice in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Currently, the price of electroporators and electrodes is relatively high, but custom low budget devices can be developed. In the paper, we describe three most established applications in medicine, with the focus on the basic mechanisms, which should be taken into account during the development process of a clinical electroporator. Also, typical pulse parameters used in each of the described applications are defined. In the second part of the paper, we describe technical functional requirements for a clinical electroporator and safety guidelines, with the focus on medical device standard. At the end of the paper, the focus moves to a more general problematic, such as quality assurance and the importance of measurement during the pulse delivery, which we firmly believe is necessary for successful electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pirc
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matej Reberšek
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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21
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22
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Zhao Z, Zhang C, Lin Q, Li NQ, Huang ZB, Zhao M, Fu XZ, Wang GX, Zhu B. Single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery vehicles enhance the immunoprotective effect of an immersion DNA vaccine against infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in mandarin fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:432-439. [PMID: 31883470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a high mortality disease, Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) can cause massive economic damage on mandarin fish farming industry in China, which seriously hindered the development of mandarin fish farming industry. In this research, SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) as a candidate for DNA vaccine carrier was vaccinated by immersion (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 mg/L) in juvenile mandarin fish. In muscle, spleen and kidney tissues, the results showed that transcription and expression of MCP gene can be detected in pcDNA-MCP and SWCNTs-pcDNA-MCP groups after bath immunization. The immune response (immune-related genes expression, serum antibody production, enzyme activities and C3 content) was significantly enhanced in fish which vaccinated with SWCNTs-pcDNA-MCP in comparison with those vaccinated with pcDNA-MCP alone. After 14 d challenge, the RPS (relative percentage survival) can be enhanced which using SWCNTs as a carrier in SWCNTs-pcDNA-MCP (82.4%) group at 20 mg/L (the highest vaccine dose) than the naked pcDNA-MCP (54.2%) group. This study reveals that functionalized SWCNTs could be a promising immersion DNA vaccine carrier in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China
| | - Ning-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China
| | - Mi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Wang M, Chen Y, Cai W, Feng H, Du T, Liu W, Jiang H, Pasquarelli A, Weizmann Y, Wang X. In situ self-assembling Au-DNA complexes for targeted cancer bioimaging and inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:308-316. [PMID: 31843938 PMCID: PMC6955332 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915512116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat. For accurate cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy, it is important to assess the localization of the affected area of cancers. The general approaches for cancer diagnostics include pathological assessments and imaging. However, these methods only generally assess the tumor area. In this study, by taking advantage of the unique microenvironment of cancers, we effectively utilize in situ self-assembled biosynthetic fluorescent gold nanocluster-DNA (GNC-DNA) complexes to facilitate safe and targeted cancer theranostics. In in vitro and in vivo tumor models, our self-assembling biosynthetic approach allowed for precise bioimaging and inhibited cancer growth after one injection of DNA and gold precursors. These results demonstrate that in situ bioresponsive self-assembling GNC-PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) complexes could be an effective noninvasive technique for accurate cancer bioimaging and treatment, thus providing a safe and promising cancer theranostics platform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Weijuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Alberto Pasquarelli
- Institute of Electron Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China;
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24
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Integrating context of tumor biology and vaccine design to shape multidimensional immunotherapies. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer therapy have offered great promise but only modest clinical benefits as monotherapies to date. Patients usually respond well to therapies targeted at specific mutations, but only for a short time. Conversely, immunotherapies help fewer patients, but increase survival. Combination therapies, which could offer the best of both worlds, are currently limited by substantial toxicity. While recent advances in genomics and proteomics have yielded an unprecedented depth of enabling datasets, it has also shifted the focus toward in silico predictions. Designing the next wave of multidimensional immunotherapies will require leveraging this knowledge while providing a renewed emphasis on tumor biology and vaccine design. This includes careful selection of tumor clinical stage in the context of pre-existing tumor microenvironments, target antigen and technology platform selections to maximize their effect, and treatment staging. Here, we review strategies on how to approach an increasingly complex landscape of immunotherapeutic agents for use in combination therapies.
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25
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Enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine using electroporation and intradermal delivery. Vaccine 2019; 37:4444-4453. [PMID: 31279565 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phase 1 clinical trials with a DNA vaccine for dengue demonstrated that the vaccine is safe and well tolerated, however it produced less than optimal humoral immune responses. To determine if the immunogenicity of the tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine could be enhanced, we explored alternate, yet to be tested, methods of vaccine administration in non-human primates. Animals were vaccinated on days 0, 28 and 91 with either a low (1 mg) or high (5 mg) dose of vaccine by the intradermal or intramuscular route, using either needle-free injection or electroporation devices. Neutralizing antibody, IFN-γ T cell and memory B cell responses were compared to a high dose group vaccinated with a needle-free intramuscular injection delivery device similar to what had been used in previous preclinical and clinical studies. All previously untested vaccination methodologies elicited improved immune responses compared to the high dose needle-free intramuscular injection delivery group. The highest neutralizing antibody responses were observed in the group that was vaccinated with the high dose formulation via intradermal electroporation. The highest IFN-γ T cell responses were also observed in the high dose intradermal electroporation group and the CD8+ T cells were the dominant contributors for the IFNγ response. Memory B cells were detected for all four serotypes. More than a year after vaccination, groups were challenged with dengue-1 virus. Both the low and high dose intradermal electroporation groups had significantly fewer days of dengue-1 virus RNAemia compared to the control group. The results from this study demonstrate that using either an electroporation device and/or the intradermal route of delivery increases the immune response generated by this vaccine in non-human primates and should be explored in humans.
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Abstract
Introduction:
Gene therapy has emerged out as a promising therapeutic pave for the treatment
of genetic and acquired diseases. Gene transfection into target cells using naked DNA is a simple
and safe approach which has been further improved by combining vectors or gene carriers. Both viral
and non-viral approaches have achieved a milestone to establish this technique, but non-viral approaches
have attained a significant attention because of their favourable properties like less immunotoxicity
and biosafety, easy to produce with versatile surface modifications, etc. Literature is rich in evidences
which revealed that undoubtedly, non–viral vectors have acquired a unique place in gene therapy
but still there are number of challenges which are to be overcome to increase their effectiveness and
prove them ideal gene vectors.
Conclusion:
To date, tissue specific expression, long lasting gene expression system, enhanced gene
transfection efficiency has been achieved with improvement in delivery methods using non-viral vectors.
This review mainly summarizes the various physical and chemical methods for gene transfer in vitro
and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Himanshu
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Hegazy-Hassan W, Zepeda-Escobar JA, Ochoa-García L, Contreras-Ortíz JME, Tenorio-Borroto E, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Aparicio-Burgos JE, Oros-Pantoja R, Rivas-Santiago B, Díaz-Albiter H, Garg NJ, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC. TcVac1 vaccine delivery by intradermal electroporation enhances vaccine induced immune protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Vaccine 2018; 37:248-257. [PMID: 30497833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The efforts for the development and testing of vaccines against Trypanosoma cruzi infection have increased during the past years. We have designed a TcVac series of vaccines composed of T. cruzi derived, GPI-anchored membrane antigens. The TcVac vaccines have been shown to elicit humoral and cellular mediated immune responses and provide significant (but not complete) control of experimental infection in mice and dogs. Herein, we aimed to test two immunization protocols for the delivery of DNA-prime/DNA-boost vaccine (TcVac1) composed of TcG2 and TcG4 antigens in a BALB/c mouse model. Mice were immunized with TcVac1 through intradermal/electroporation (IDE) or intramuscular (IM) routes, challenged with T. cruzi, and evaluated during acute phase of infection. The humoral immune response was evaluated through the assessment of anti-TcG2 and anti-TcG4 IgG subtypes by using an ELISA. Cellular immune response was assessed through a lymphocyte proliferation assay. Finally, clinical and morphopathological aspects were evaluated for all experimental animals. Our results demonstrated that when comparing TcVac1 IDE delivery vs IM delivery, the former induced significantly higher level of antigen-specific antibody response (IgG2a + IgG2b > IgG1) and lymphocyte proliferation, which expanded in response to challenge infection. Histological evaluation after challenge infection showed infiltration of inflammatory cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) in the heart and skeletal tissue of all infected mice. However, the largest increase in inflammatory infiltrate was observed in TcVac1_IDE/Tc mice when compared with TcVac1_IM/Tc or non-vaccinated/infected mice. The extent of tissue inflammatory infiltrate was directly associated with the control of tissue amastigote nests in vaccinated/infected (vs. non-vaccinated/infected) mice. Our results suggest that IDE delivery improves the protective efficacy of TcVac1 vaccine against T. cruzi infection in mice when compared with IM delivery of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Hegazy-Hassan
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Zepeda-Escobar
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, Mexico
| | - Laucel Ochoa-García
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, Mexico; Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública del Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Independencia Oriente #1310 Colonia: Reforma y FFCC, CP. 50070 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J M Eloy Contreras-Ortíz
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, Mexico
| | - Esvieta Tenorio-Borroto
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, Mexico
| | - José Esteban Aparicio-Burgos
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Escuela Superior de Apan, Carretera Apan-Calpulalpan, Km. 8, Chimalpa Tlalayote S/N, Colonia Chimalpa, Apan, C.P. 43920 Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Departamento de Neurociencias, Tollocan esq. Jesus Carranza S/N, Colonia Moderna de la Cruz, C.P. 50180 Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Zacatecas-IMSS, Interior de la Alameda, 45, Centro, C.P. 98000 Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Héctor Díaz-Albiter
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo, sección II, CP 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, United States; Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, Mexico.
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Srimathveeravalli G, Abdel-Atti D, Pérez-Medina C, Takaki H, Solomon SB, Mulder WJM, Reiner T. Reversible Electroporation-Mediated Liposomal Doxorubicin Delivery to Tumors Can Be Monitored With 89Zr-Labeled Reporter Nanoparticles. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012117749726. [PMID: 29480077 PMCID: PMC5833236 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117749726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible electroporation (RE) can facilitate nanoparticle delivery to tumors through direct transfection and from changes in vascular permeability. We investigated a radiolabeled liposomal nanoparticle (89Zr-NRep) for monitoring RE-mediated liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) delivery in mouse tumors. Intravenously delivered 89Zr-NRep allowed positron emission tomography imaging of electroporation-mediated nanoparticle uptake. The relative order of 89Zr-NRep injection and electroporation did not result in significantly different overall tumor uptake, suggesting direct transfection and vascular permeability can independently mediate deposition of 89Zr-NRep in tumors. 89Zr-NRep and DOX uptake correlated well in both electroporated and control tumors at all experimental time points. Electroporation accelerated 89Zr-NRep and DOX deposition into tumors and increased DOX dosing. Reversible electroporation–related vascular effects seem to play an important role in nanoparticle delivery to tumors and drug uptake can be quantified with 89Zr-NRep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Srimathveeravalli
- 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Department of Radiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dalya Abdel-Atti
- 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- 3 Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haruyuki Takaki
- 4 Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Department of Radiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- 3 Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,5 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Reiner
- 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Department of Radiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Rezaee Z, Yadollahpour A, Bayati V. Single Intense Microsecond Electric Pulse Induces Radiosensitization to Ionizing Radiation: Effects of Time Intervals Between Electric Pulse and Ionizing Irradiation. Front Oncol 2018; 8:418. [PMID: 30319980 PMCID: PMC6171481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Recent studies have shown the potential of electroporation (EP) as a physical radiosensitizer for ionizing radiation (IR). The amount of sensitizing effect depends on some factors the most important of them is the time interval between the EP and IR. This experimental in vitro study aims to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of EP exposure prior to IR and also evaluate the effects of EP-IR time intervals on the amount of radiosensitizing effects. Methods: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into 10 groups including one untreated or control group, IR, and EP treatment alone groups, and seven combined EP-IR groups with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 min intervals. The dose enhancement factors (DEFs) for 6 MV X-rays IR were comparatively investigated between the groups using MTT assay. Results: The EP significantly induced radiosensitizing effect and its amount depends on the time intervals. The viability rate of the cells in the combined EP-IR treatment groups for intervals of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min was significantly lower than the IR alone group. The highest DEF (1.18) was observed 10 min time interval between EP and IR. Conclusion: The radiosensitizing effects of EP persist long enough, 10–50 min, which allows safe application of EP as a radiosensitizer before IR in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Rezaee
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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30
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Fynan EF, Lu S, Robinson HL. One Group's Historical Reflections on DNA Vaccine Development. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:966-970. [PMID: 30129778 PMCID: PMC6152846 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines were pioneered by several groups in the early 1990s. This article presents the reflections of one of these groups on their work with retroviral vectors in chickens that contributed to the discovery and early development of DNA vaccines. Although the findings were initially met with skepticism, the work presented here combined with that of others founded a new method of vaccination: the direct inoculation of purified DNA encoding the target antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F. Fynan
- Department of Biology, Worcester State College, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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31
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Lee LYY, Izzard L, Hurt AC. A Review of DNA Vaccines Against Influenza. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1568. [PMID: 30038621 PMCID: PMC6046547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges of effective vaccination against influenza are gaining more mainstream attention, as recent influenza seasons have reported low efficacy in annual vaccination programs worldwide. Combined with the potential emergence of novel influenza viruses resulting in a pandemic, the need for effective alternatives to egg-produced conventional vaccines has been made increasingly clear. DNA vaccines against influenza have been in development since the 1990s, but the initial excitement over success in murine model trials has been tempered by comparatively poor performance in larger animal models. In the intervening years, much progress has been made to refine the DNA vaccine platform-the rational design of antigens and expression vectors, the development of novel vaccine adjuvants, and the employment of innovative gene delivery methods. This review discusses how these advances have been applied in recent efforts to develop an effective influenza DNA vaccine.
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32
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Non-human papillomaviruses for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198996. [PMID: 29912929 PMCID: PMC6005490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus capsids are known to have the ability to package DNA plasmids and deliver them both in vitro and in vivo. Of all known papillomavirus types, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are by far the most intensely studied. Although HPVs work well as gene transfer vectors, their use is limited as most individuals are exposed to this virus either through a HPV vaccination or natural infection. To circumvent these constraints, we produced pseudovirions (PsVs) of ten non-human papillomavirus types and tested their transduction efficiencies in vitro. PsVs based on Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus-11 and Puma concolor papillomavirus-1 were further tested in vivo. Intramuscular transduction by PsVs led to months-long expression of a reporter plasmid, indicating that PsVs have potential as gene delivery vectors.
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33
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Liu T, Huang J, Li Y, Ehsan M, Wang S, Zhou Z, Song X, Yan R, Xu L, Li X. Molecular characterisation and the protective immunity evaluation of Eimeria maxima surface antigen gene. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:325. [PMID: 29848353 PMCID: PMC5977735 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis is recognised as a major parasitic disease in chickens. Eimeria maxima is considered as a highly immunoprotective species within the Eimeria spp. family that infects chickens. In the present research, the surface antigen gene of E. maxima (EmSAG) was cloned, and the ability of EmSAG to stimulate protection against E. maxima was evaluated. METHODS Prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasmids expressing EmSAG were constructed. The EmSAG transcription and expression in vivo was performed based on the RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. The expression of EmSAG in sporozoites and merozoites was detected through immunofluorescence analyses. The immune protection was assessed based on challenge experiments. Flow cytometry assays were used to determine the T cell subpopulations. The serum antibody and cytokine levels were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS The open reading frame (ORF) of EmSAG gene contained 645 bp encoding 214 amino acid residues. The immunoblot and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the EmSAG gene were transcribed and expressed in vivo. The EmSAG proteins were expressed in sporozoite and merozoite stages of E. maxima by the immunofluorescence assay. Challenge experiments showed that both pVAX1-SAG and the recombinant EmSAG (rEmSAG) proteins were successful in alleviating jejunal lesions, decreasing loss of body weight and the oocyst ratio. Additionally, these experiments possessed anticoccidial indices (ACI) of more than 170. Higher percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected in both EmSAG-inoculated birds than those of the negative control groups (P < 0.05). The EmSAG-specific antibody concentrations of both the rEmSAG and pVAX1-EmSAG groups were much higher than those of the negative controls (P < 0.05). Higher concentrations of IL-4, IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and IL-17 were observed more in both the rEmSAG protein and pVAX1-SAG inoculated groups than those of negative controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EmSAG is capable of eliciting a moderate immune protection and could be used as an effective vaccine candidate against E. maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouyang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou JJ, Wang YM, Lee VWS, Zhang GY, Medbury H, Williams H, Wang Y, Tan TK, Harris DCH, Alexander SI, Durkan AM. DEC205-DC targeted DNA vaccine against CX3CR1 protects against atherogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195657. [PMID: 29641559 PMCID: PMC5895033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies disrupting the chemokine pathway CX3CL1 (fractalkine)/ CX3CR1 have shown decreased atherosclerosis in animal models but the techniques used to interrupt the pathway have not been easily translatable into human trials. DNA vaccination potentially overcomes the translational difficulties. We evaluated the effect of a DNA vaccine, targeted to CX3CR1, on atherosclerosis in a murine model and examined possible mechanisms of action. DNA vaccination against CX3CR1, enhanced by dendritic cell targeting using DEC-205 single chain variable region fragment (scFv), was performed in 8 week old ApoE-/- mice, fed a normal chow diet. High levels of anti-CX3CR1 antibodies were induced in vaccinated mice. There were no apparent adverse reactions to the vaccine. Arterial vessels of 34 week old mice were examined histologically for atherosclerotic plaque size, macrophage infiltration, smooth muscle cell infiltration and lipid deposition. Vaccinated mice had significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque in the brachiocephalic artery. There was less macrophage infiltration but no significant change to the macrophage phenotype in the plaques. There was less lipid deposition in the lesions, but there was no effect on smooth muscle cell migration. Targeted DNA vaccination to CX3CR1 was well tolerated, induced a strong immune response and resulted in attenuated atherosclerotic lesions with reduced macrophage infiltration. DNA vaccination against chemokine pathways potentially offers a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Jianheng Zhou
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W. S. Lee
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Yu Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Medbury
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Williams
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Thian Kui Tan
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David C. H. Harris
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I. Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne M. Durkan
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Cheng MA, Farmer E, Huang C, Lin J, Hung CF, Wu TC. Therapeutic DNA Vaccines for Human Papillomavirus and Associated Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:971-996. [PMID: 29316817 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has long been recognized as the causative agent of cervical cancer. High-risk HPV types 16 and 18 alone are responsible for over 70% of all cases of cervical cancers. More recently, HPV has been identified as an etiological factor for several other forms of cancers, including oropharyngeal, anogenital, and skin. Thus, the association of HPV with these malignancies creates an opportunity to control these HPV lesions and HPV-associated malignancies through immunization. Strategies to prevent or to therapeutically treat HPV infections have been developed and are still pushing innovative boundaries. Currently, commercial prophylactic HPV vaccines are widely available, but they are not able to control established infections or lesions. As a result, there is an urgent need for the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines, to treat existing infections, and to prevent the development of HPV-associated cancers. In particular, DNA vaccination has emerged as a promising form of therapeutic HPV vaccine. DNA vaccines have great potential for the treatment of HPV infections and HPV-associated cancers due to their safety, stability, simplicity of manufacturability, and ability to induce antigen-specific immunity. This review focuses on the current state of therapeutic HPV DNA vaccines, including results from recent and ongoing clinical trials, and outlines different strategies that have been employed to improve their potencies. The continued progress and improvements made in therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine development holds great potential for innovative ways to effectively treat HPV infections and HPV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Cheng
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily Farmer
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Claire Huang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Lin
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T-C Wu
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
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Arciola CR, Speziale P, Montanaro L. Perspectives on DNA Vaccines. Targeting Staphylococcal Adhesins to Prevent Implant Infections. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 32:635-41. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880903200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines consist of a plasmid DNA genetically engineered to produce one or more proteins able to elicit protective immune responses against virulence factors of infectious pathogens. Once introduced into the cells of the host, a DNA vaccine induces a high production of antigens by the endogenous presence of the peptide codifying gene; improves antigen processing and presentation; may be able to simultaneously co-express multiple antigenic molecules; and, lastly, switches on both humoral and cellular immune responses. In this mini-review, we underscore the advantageous characteristics of DNA vaccines compared with traditional ones and provide summaries of some of the more recent studies on them, mainly focusing the possibility of their use in targeting the staphylococcal adhesins that play a key role in the first adhesive phase of implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia - Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
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Zhang C, Zhao Z, Zha JW, Wang GX, Zhu B. Single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery vehicles enhance the immunoprotective effect of a DNA vaccine against spring viremia of carp virus in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:191-201. [PMID: 29017940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is highly contagious and pathogenic to cyprinid fish, causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture. Efficient and economic prophylactic measure against is the most pressing desired for the common carp farming industry. In this research, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a candidate DNA vaccine carrier was administrated via bath (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg L-1) or injection (1, 4, 8, 12, 20 μg) in common carp juvenile, and the different immune treatments to induce immunoprotective effect was analyzed. The results showed that higher levels of transcription and expression of G gene could be detected in muscle, spleen and kidney tissues via bath administration or intramuscular injection in SWCNTs-pEGFP-G treatment groups compared with naked pEGFP-G treatment groups. Meanwhile, complement activity, superoxide dismutase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, immune-related genes (especially the TNF-α) and antibody levels were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DNA vaccine combined with SWCNTs. The relative percentage survival were significantly enhanced in fish bathed with SWCNTs-pEGFP-G vaccine and the relative percentage survival reached to 57.5% in SWCNTs-pEGFP-G group than that of naked pEGFP-G (40.0%) at the highest vaccine dose (40 mg L-1) after 22 days of post infection, and fish in bath immunization group at a concentration of 40 mg L-1 could reach the similar relative percentage survival in injection group at a dose of 12 μg. This study suggest that ammonium-functionalized SWCNTs is the promising carrier for DNA vaccine and might be used to vaccinate large-scale juvenile fish by bath administration approach in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Zhou Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Hua R, Liu W, Jiang C, Chen Y, Yang W, Kong W. Optimized DNA Vaccine Enhanced by Adjuvant IL28B Induces Protective Immune Responses Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Mice. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:601-614. [PMID: 28650722 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific immune responses determine the efficacy of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccines. To optimize the immunogenicity of the antigen gD2, we developed the gD2ΔUL25 DNA vaccine encoding HSV-2 glycoprotein D and UL25 gene encoding viral capsid vertex proteins in this study. The gD2 and gD2ΔUL25 DNA vaccines were compared with formalin-inactivated HSV-2 (FI-HSV-2), and results showed a greater protective immune response induced by gD2ΔUL25 than by gD2. Therefore, gD2ΔUL25 was chosen to evaluate further using the IL28B adjuvant. Immunization with gD2ΔUL25/IL28B elicited stronger humoral and T cell immune responses than with gD2ΔUL25 alone. Compared with controls, gD2ΔUL25/IL28B decreased HSV-2 viral loads and induced protective effects against genital tract lesions generated by HSV-2. These findings demonstrated that the prophylactic DNA vaccine gD2ΔUL25 with IL28B adjuvant could enhance the humoral and T cell immune responses, and improve the protective immune response against HSV-2 in female mice compared with FI-HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Zeqiang Zhang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Rui Hua
- 3 Hepatic Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 4 Department of Biotechnology, Jilin Medical University , Jilin, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Yan Chen
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- 5 Gastroenterol Department, Jilin Province People's Hospital , Changchun, China
| | - Wei Kong
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
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Hinkula J, Petkov S, Ljungberg K, Hallengärd D, Bråve A, Isaguliants M, Falkeborn T, Sharma S, Liakina V, Robb M, Eller M, Moss B, Biberfeld G, Sandström E, Nilsson C, Markland K, Blomberg P, Wahren B. HIVIS-DNA or HIVISopt-DNA priming followed by CMDR vaccinia-based boosts induce both humoral and cellular murine immune responses to HIV. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00339. [PMID: 28721397 PMCID: PMC5496381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to develop a more effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine it is important optimize the components, improve Envelope glycoprotein immunogenicity as well as to explore prime-boost immunization schedules. It is also valuable to include several HIV-1 subtype antigens representing the world-wide epidemic. Methods HIVIS-DNA plasmids which include Env genes of subtypes A, B and C together with Gag subtypes A and B and RTmut/Rev of subtype B were modified as follows: the Envelope sequences were shortened, codon optimized, provided with an FT4 sequence and an immunodominant region mutated. The reverse transcriptase (RT) gene was shortened to contain the most immunogenic N-terminal fragment and fused with an inactivated viral protease vPR gene. HIVISopt-DNA thus contains fewer plasmids but additional PR epitopes compared to the native HIVIS-DNA. DNA components were delivered intradermally to young Balb/c mice once, using a needle-free Biojector® immediately followed by dermal electroporation. Vaccinia-based MVA-CMDR boosts including Env gene E and Gag-RT genes A were delivered intramuscularly by needle, once or twice. Results Both HIVIS-DNA and HIVISopt-DNA primed humoral and cell mediated responses well. When boosted with heterologous MVA-CMDR (subtypes A and E) virus inhibitory neutralizing antibodies were obtained to HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C and AE. Both plasmid compositions boosted with MVA-CMDR generated HIV-1 specific cellular responses directed against HIV-1 Env, Gag and Pol, as measured by IFNγ ELISpot. It was shown that DNA priming augmented the vector MVA immunological boosting effects, the HIVISopt-DNA with a trend to improved (Env) neutralization, the HIVIS-DNA with a trend to better (Gag) cell mediated immune reponses. Conclusions HIVIS-DNA was modified to obtain HIVISopt-DNA that had fewer plasmids, and additional epitopes. Even with one DNA prime followed by two MVA-CMDR boosts, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were readily induced by priming with either DNA construct composition. Priming by HIV-DNA augmented neutralizing antibody responses revealed by boosting with the vaccinia-based heterologous sequences. Cellular and antibody responses covered selected strains representing HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C and CRF01_AE. We assume this is related to the inclusion of heterologous full genes in the vaccine schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hinkula
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Petkov
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Ljungberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Hallengärd
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Bråve
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Isaguliants
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Falkeborn
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - V Liakina
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, 20892 MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - M Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, 20892 MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - B Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - G Biberfeld
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Sandström
- Department of South Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Nilsson
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Markland
- Clinical Research Center and Vecura, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Blomberg
- Clinical Research Center and Vecura, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Wahren
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Huang X, Zhu Q, Huang X, Yang L, Song Y, Zhu P, Zhou P. In vivo electroporation in DNA-VLP prime-boost preferentially enhances HIV-1 envelope-specific IgG2a, neutralizing antibody and CD8 T cell responses. Vaccine 2017; 35:2042-2051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rezaee Z, Yadollahpour A, Bayati V, Negad Dehbashi F. Gold nanoparticles and electroporation impose both separate and synergistic radiosensitizing effects in HT-29 tumor cells: an in vitro study. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1431-1439. [PMID: 28260889 PMCID: PMC5327907 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s128996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Radiation therapy (RT) is the gold standard treatment for more than half of known tumors. Despite recent improvements in RT efficiency, the side effects of ionizing radiation (IR) in normal tissues are a dose-limiting factor that restricts higher doses in tumor treatment. One approach to enhance the efficiency of RT is the application of radiosensitizers to selectively increase the dose at the tumor site. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and electroporation (EP) have shown good potential as radiosensitizers for RT. This study aims to investigate the sensitizing effects of EP, GNPs, and combined GNPs-EP on the dose enhancement factor (DEF) for 6 MV photon energy. METHODS Radiosensitizing effects of EP, GNPs, and combinations of GNPs-EP were comparatively investigated in vitro for intestinal colon cancer (HT-29) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines by MTT assay and colony formation assay at 6 MV photon energy in six groups: IR (control group), GNPs+IR, GNPs (24 h)+IR, EP+IR, GNPs+EP+IR, and GNPs (24 h)+EP+IR. RESULTS Treatment of both cell lines with EP, GNPs, and combined GNPs-EP significantly enhanced the response of cells to irradiation. However, the HT-29 showed higher DEF values for all groups. In addition, the DEF value for HT-29 cells for GNPs+IR, GNPs (24 h)+IR, EP+IR, GNPs+EP+IR, and GNPs (24 h)+EP+IR was, respectively, 1.17, 1.47, 1.36, 2.61, and 2.89, indicating synergistic radiosensitizing effect for the GNPs (24 h)+EP+IR group. Furthermore, the synergistic effect was observed just for HT-29 tumor cell lines. CONCLUSION Combined GNPs-EP protocols induced synergistic radiosensitizing effect in HT-29 cells, and the effect is also tumor specific. This combined therapy can be beneficially used for the treatment of intrinsically less radiosensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Rezaee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Negad Dehbashi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Avhaz, Iran
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Protective immune response in mice induced by a suicidal DNA vaccine encoding NTPase-II gene of Toxoplasma gondii. Acta Trop 2017; 166:336-342. [PMID: 27940233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based alphaviral RNA replicon vectors, also called suicidal DNA vectors, have been employed to alleviate biosafety concerns attribution to its ability to induce apoptotic cell death of the transfected cells. Toxoplasma gondii nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase-II (TgNTPase-II), which facilitates the parasite to salvage purines from the host cell for survival and replication, have been demonstrated to be a potential vaccine candidate for toxoplasmosis. Herein, we evaluated the immunogenic potential of a suicidal DNA vaccine encoding TgNTPase-II gene, pDREP-TgNTPase-II, delivered intramuscularly in combination with electroporation. Immunization of mice with pDREP-TgNTPase-II elicited specific humoral responses, with high IgG antibody titers and a mixed IgG1/IgG2a response. The cellular immune response was associated with high level production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 cytokines and low level IL-4 production as well as the increase of the percentage of CD8+ T cells, indicating that a Th1 predominant response was elicited. Furthermore, mice vaccinated with this suicidal DNA vaccine displayed partial protection against acute infection with the virulent RH strain as well as chronic infection with PRU cyst, which shows 77.7% and 71.4% reduction in brain cyst burden in comparison to PBS and pDREP-eGFP control group, respectively. Based on the cellular and antibody responses, the suicidal DNA vaccine elicited a Th1-predominant immune response against T. gondii challenge.
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Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines are a next-generation branch of vaccines which offer major benefits over their conventional protein, bacteria, or viral-based counterparts. However, to be effective in large mammals and humans, an enhancing delivery technology is required. Electroporation is a physical technique which results in improved delivery of large molecules through the cell membrane. In the case of plasmid DNA and mRNA, electroporation enhances both the uptake and expression of the delivered nucleic acids. The muscle is an attractive tissue for nucleic acid vaccination in a clinical setting due to the accessibility and abundance of the target tissue. Historical clinical studies of electroporation in the muscle have demonstrated the procedure to be generally well tolerated in patients. Previous studies have determined that optimized electroporation parameters (such as electrical field intensity, pulse length, pulse width and drug product formulation) majorly impact the efficiency of nucleic acid delivery. We provide an overview of DNA/RNA vaccination in the muscle of mice. Our results suggest that the technique is safe and effective and is highly applicable to a research setting as well as scalable to larger animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA.
| | - Laurent M Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
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45
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Choi EJ, Lee HS, Noh JY, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Shin OS, Lee H, Jeong M, Kim WJ. Humoral and Cellular Immunogenicity Induced by Avian Influenza A (H7N9) DNA Vaccine in Mice. Infect Chemother 2017; 49:117-122. [PMID: 28681576 PMCID: PMC5500266 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2017.49.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2013, human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China, causing serious public health concerns and raising the possibility of avian-source pandemic influenza. Thus, the development of an effective vaccine for preventing and rapidly controlling avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is needed. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a synthetic DNA vaccine against H7 HA antigens in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The synthetic consensus H7 HA DNA vaccine (25 or 50 μg) was administered to BALB/c mice at 0, 14, and 28 days by intramuscular injection followed by electroporation. Humoral and cellular immune responses were analyzed in a hemagglutination inhibition test and interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay, respectively. RESULTS H7 HA-vaccinated mice showed 100% seroprotection and seroconversion rate against H7N9 reassortant influenza virus after both second and third immunizations. The geometric mean titer by the hemagglutination inhibition test increased with an increasing number of immunizations. However, there was no significant difference in geometric titer between the two groups injected with 25 and 50 μg of H7 HA DNA vaccine after two (79.98 vs. 107.65, P = 0.39) and three (159.96 vs. 215.28, P = 0.18) doses. In addition, the ELISpot assay revealed that administration of H7 HA DNA vaccine induced potent interferon-gamma production from mouse splenocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the humoral and cellular immunogenicity of synthetic consensus H7 HA DNA vaccine in mice. This work demonstrates the potential of the H7 HA DNA vaccine as an efficient tool for the rapid control of emerging influenza A (H7N9) virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Choi
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Sol Lee
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Woo Joo Kim
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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46
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Collinson-Pautz MR, Slawin KM, Levitt JM, Spencer DM. MyD88/CD40 Genetic Adjuvant Function in Cutaneous Atypical Antigen-Presenting Cells Contributes to DNA Vaccine Immunogenicity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164547. [PMID: 27741278 PMCID: PMC5065236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic DNA-based vaccines aim to prime an adaptive host immune response against tumor-associated antigens, eliminating cancer cells primarily through CD8+ cytotoxic T cell-mediated destruction. To be optimally effective, immunological adjuvants are required for the activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells responses by DNA vaccination. Here, we describe enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of an in vivo electroporation-delivered DNA vaccine by inclusion of a genetically encoded chimeric MyD88/CD40 (MC) adjuvant, which integrates both innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways. When incorporated into a DNA vaccine, signaling by the MC adjuvant increased antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and promoted elimination of pre-established tumors. Interestingly, MC-enhanced vaccine efficacy did not require direct-expression of either antigen or adjuvant by local antigen-presenting cells, but rather our data supports a key role for MC function in "atypical" antigen-presenting cells of skin. In particular, MC adjuvant-modified keratinocytes increased inflammatory cytokine secretion, upregulated surface MHC class I, and were able to increase in vitro and in vivo priming of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in the absence of critical CD8α+/CD103+ cross-priming dendritic cells, MC was still able to promote immune priming in vivo, albeit at a reduced level. Altogether, our data support a mechanism by which MC signaling activates an inflammatory phenotype in atypical antigen-presenting cells within the cutaneous vaccination site, leading to an enhanced CD8+ T cell response against DNA vaccine-encoded antigens, through both CD8α+/CD103+ dendritic cell-dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Collinson-Pautz
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Slawin
- Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Levitt
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David M. Spencer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX, United States of America
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47
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Jorritsma SHT, Gowans EJ, Grubor-Bauk B, Wijesundara DK. Delivery methods to increase cellular uptake and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2016; 34:5488-5494. [PMID: 27742218 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines are ideal candidates for global vaccination purposes because they are inexpensive and easy to manufacture on a large scale such that even people living in low-income countries can benefit from vaccination. However, the potential of DNA vaccines has not been realized owing mainly to the poor cellular uptake of DNA in vivo resulting in the poor immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. In this review, we discuss the benefits and shortcomings of several promising and innovative non-biological methods of DNA delivery that can be used to increase cellular delivery and efficacy of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H T Jorritsma
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - E J Gowans
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - B Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - D K Wijesundara
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
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48
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Immunization with electroporation enhances the protective effect of a DNA vaccine candidate expressing prME antigen against dengue virus serotype 2 infection. Clin Immunol 2016; 171:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Holechek SA, McAfee MS, Nieves LM, Guzman VP, Manhas K, Fouts T, Bagley K, Blattman JN. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 as a molecular adjuvant for enhancement of mucosal immunity during DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2016; 34:5629-5635. [PMID: 27670072 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In order for vaccines to induce efficacious immune responses against mucosally transmitted pathogens, such as HIV-1, activated lymphocytes must efficiently migrate to and enter targeted mucosal sites. We have previously shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance mucosal CD8+ T cell responses during vaccination and improve protection against mucosal viral challenge. However, the ATRA formulation is incompatible with most recombinant vaccines, and the teratogenic potential of ATRA at high doses limits its usage in many clinical settings. We hypothesized that increasing in vivo production of retinoic acid (RA) during vaccination with a DNA vector expressing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), the rate-limiting enzyme in RA biosynthesis, could similarly provide enhanced programming of mucosal homing to T cell responses while avoiding teratogenic effects. Administration of a RALDH2- expressing plasmid during immunization with a HIVgag DNA vaccine resulted in increased systemic and mucosal CD8+ T cell numbers with an increase in both effector and central memory T cells. Moreover, mice that received RALDH2 plasmid during DNA vaccination were more resistant to intravaginal challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the same HIVgag antigen (VACVgag). Thus, RALDH2 can be used as an alternative adjuvant to ATRA during DNA vaccination leading to an increase in both systemic and mucosal T cell immunity and better protection from viral infection at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Holechek
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States; Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3901, United States
| | - Megan S McAfee
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Lizbeth M Nieves
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Vanessa P Guzman
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Kavita Manhas
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States
| | - Timothy Fouts
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Kenneth Bagley
- Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Joseph N Blattman
- Biodesign Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States.
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50
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Borggren M, Nielsen J, Karlsson I, Dalgaard TS, Trebbien R, Williams JA, Fomsgaard A. A polyvalent influenza DNA vaccine applied by needle-free intradermal delivery induces cross-reactive humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs. Vaccine 2016; 34:3634-40. [PMID: 27211039 PMCID: PMC4940207 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigs are natural hosts for influenza A viruses, and the infection is widely prevalent in swine herds throughout the world. Current commercial influenza vaccines for pigs induce a narrow immune response and are not very effective against antigenically diverse viruses. To control influenza in pigs, the development of more effective swine influenza vaccines inducing broader cross-protective immune responses is needed. Previously, we have shown that a polyvalent influenza DNA vaccine using vectors containing antibiotic resistance genes induced a broadly protective immune response in pigs and ferrets using intradermal injection followed by electroporation. However, this vaccination approach is not practical in large swine herds, and DNA vaccine vectors containing antibiotic resistance genes are undesirable. OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunogenicity of an optimized version of our preceding polyvalent DNA vaccine, characterized by a next-generation expression vector without antibiotic resistance markers and delivered by a convenient needle-free intradermal application approach. METHODS The humoral and cellular immune responses induced by three different doses of the optimized DNA vaccine were evaluated in groups of five to six pigs. The DNA vaccine consisted of six selected influenza genes of pandemic origin, including internally expressed matrix and nucleoprotein and externally expressed hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. RESULTS Needle-free vaccination of growing pigs with the optimized DNA vaccine resulted in specific, dose-dependent immunity down to the lowest dose (200μg DNA/vaccination). Both the antibody-mediated and the recall lymphocyte immune responses demonstrated high reactivity against vaccine-specific strains and cross-reactivity to vaccine-heterologous strains. CONCLUSION The results suggest that polyvalent DNA influenza vaccination may provide a strong tool for broad protection against swine influenza strains threatening animal as well as public health. In addition, the needle-free administration technique used for this DNA vaccine will provide an easy and practical approach for the large-scale vaccination of swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Borggren
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Karlsson
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Tina S Dalgaard
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ramona Trebbien
- National Influenza Center Denmark, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - James A Williams
- Nature Technology Corporation, 4701 Innovation Dr, Lincoln, NE 68521, USA
| | - Anders Fomsgaard
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Infectious Disease Research Unit, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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