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Negi S, Rutman AK, Saw CL, Paraskevas S, Tchervenkov J. Pretransplant, Th17 dominant alloreactivity in highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2024; 3:1336563. [PMID: 38993777 PMCID: PMC11235243 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2024.1336563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Sensitization to donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules prior to transplantation is a significant risk factor for delayed access to transplantation and to long-term outcomes. Memory T cells and their cytokines play a pivotal role in shaping immune responses, thereby increasing the risk of allograft rejection among highly sensitized patients. This study aims to elucidate the precise contribution of different CD4+ memory T cell subsets to alloreactivity in highly sensitized (HS) kidney transplant recipients. Methods and results Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with various polyclonal stimulating agents to assess non-specific immune responses revealed that HS patients exhibit elevated immune reactivity even before kidney transplantation, compared to non-sensitized (NS) patients. HS patients' PBMC displayed higher frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ, IL4, IL6, IL17A, and TNFα and secreted relatively higher levels of IL17A and IL21 upon stimulation with PMA/ionomycin. Additionally, PBMC from HS patients stimulated with T cell stimulating agent phytohemagglutinin (PHA) exhibited elevated expression levels of IFNγ, IL4 and, IL21. On the other hand, stimulation with a combination of resiquimod (R848) and IL2 for the activation of memory B cells demonstrated higher expression of IL17A, TNFα and IL21, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. A mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) assay, employing third-party donor antigen presenting cells (APCs), was implemented to evaluate the direct alloreactive response. HS patients demonstrated notably higher frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IL4, IL6 and IL17A. Interestingly, APCs expressing recall HLA antigens triggered a stronger Th17 response compared to APCs lacking recall HLA antigens in sensitized patients. Furthermore, donor APCs induced higher activation of effector memory T cells in HS patients as compared to NS patients. Conclusion These results provide an assessment of pretransplant alloreactive T cell subsets in highly sensitized patients and emphasize the significance of Th17 cells in alloimmune responses. These findings hold promise for the development of treatment strategies tailored to sensitized kidney transplant recipients, with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Negi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Human Islet Transplantation Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chee Loong Saw
- HLA Laboratory, Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Human Islet Transplantation Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Zimmermann J, van Haren SD, Diray-Arce J, Adriawan IR, Wørzner K, Krog RT, Guleed S, Hu T, Mortensen R, Dietrich J, Solbak SMØ, Levy O, Christensen D, Pedersen GK. Co-adjuvanting DDA/TDB liposomes with a TLR7 agonist allows for IgG2a/c class-switching in the absence of Th1 cells. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:189. [PMID: 38135685 PMCID: PMC10746746 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Class-switching to IgG2a/c in mice is a hallmark response to intracellular pathogens. T cells can promote class-switching and the predominant pathway for induction of IgG2a/c antibody responses has been suggested to be via stimulation from Th1 cells. We previously formulated CAF®01 (cationic liposomes containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and Trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB)) with the lipidated TLR7/8 agonist 3M-052 (DDA/TDB/3M-052), which promoted robust Th1 immunity in newborn mice. When testing this adjuvant in adult mice using the recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) vaccine antigen CTH522, it similarly enhanced IgG2a/c responses compared to DDA/TDB, but surprisingly reduced the magnitude of the IFN-γ+Th1 response in a TLR7 agonist dose-dependent manner. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that DDA/TDB/3M-052 liposomes initiated early transcription of class-switch regulating genes directly in pre-germinal center B cells. Mixed bone marrow chimeras further demonstrated that this adjuvant did not require Th1 cells for IgG2a/c switching, but rather facilitated TLR7-dependent T-bet programming directly in B cells. This study underlines that adjuvant-directed IgG2a/c class-switching in vivo can occur in the absence of T-cell help, via direct activation of TLR7 on B cells and positions DDA/TDB/3M-052 as a powerful adjuvant capable of eliciting type I-like immunity in B cells without strong induction of Th1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Zimmermann
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katharina Wørzner
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricki T Krog
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Safia Guleed
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tu Hu
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Ø Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Singh R, Anand A, Mahapatra B, Saini S, Singh A, Singh S, Kumar V, Das P, Singh S, Singh RK. Adjuvantation of whole-killed Leishmania vaccine with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies potentiates its efficacy and provides protection against wild-type parasites. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:136-146. [PMID: 37778149 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the major reasons behind the limited success of vaccine candidates against all forms of leishmaniasis is the inability of parasitic antigens to induce robust cell-mediated immunity and immunological memory. Here we find, for the first time, that the adjuvantation of whole-killed Leishmania vaccine (Leishvacc) with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies enhances CD4+ T cells mediated immunity in vaccinated mice and provides protection against wild-type parasites. The antibody adjuvantation, either alone or with a TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl A (MPL-A), induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines viz., IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 by antigen experienced CD4+ T cells, and also enhanced their rate of conversion into their memory phenotypes against Leishvacc antigens. The antibody adjuvanted vaccine also promoted the generation of IgG2a-mediated protective humoral immunity in vaccinated mice. Further, the mice vaccinated with antibodies adjuvanted vaccine showed strong resilience against metacyclic forms of L. donovani parasites as we observed reduced clinical features such as splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, granulomatous tissues in the liver, and parasitic load in their spleen. The findings of this study demonstrate that the anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies have potential to increase the protective efficacy of the whole-killed Leishmania vaccine, and opens up a new gateway to diversify the roles of immune checkpoints in vaccine development against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anshul Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Baishakhi Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashi Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Samer Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute, Patna 800007, Bihar, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, WB, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Dr. RMLA University, Ayodhya 224001, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Araujo IL, Piraine REA, Fischer G, Leite FPL. Recombinant BoHV-5 glycoprotein (rgD5) elicits long-lasting protective immunity in cattle. Virology 2023; 584:44-52. [PMID: 37244054 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BoHV-5 is a worldwide distributed pathogen usually associated with a lethal neurological disease in dairy and beef cattle resulting in important economic losses due to the cattle industry. Using recombinant gD5, we evaluated the long-duration humoral immunity of the recombinant vaccines in a cattle model. Here we report that two doses of intramuscular immunization, particularly with the rgD5ISA vaccine, induce long-lasting antibody responses. Recombinant gD5 antigen elicited tightly mRNA transcription of the Bcl6 and the chemokine receptor CXCR5 which mediate memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells in germinal centers. In addition, using an in-house indirect ELISA we observed higher and earlier responses of rgD5-specific IgG antibody and the upregulation of mRNA transcription of IL2, IL4, IL10, IL15, and IFN-γ in rgD5 vaccinated cattle, indicating a mixed immune response. We further show that rgD5 immunization protects against both BoHV -1 and -5. Our findings indicate that the rgD5-based vaccine represents an effective vaccine strategy to induce an efficient control of herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itauá L Araujo
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Renan E A Piraine
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Federal University of Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fábio P L Leite
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Federal University of Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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5
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Affonso de Oliveira JF, Zhao Z, Xiang Y, Shin MD, Villaseñor KE, Deng X, Shukla S, Chen S, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccines based on viral nanoparticles displaying a conserved B-cell epitope show potent immunogenicity and a long-lasting antibody response. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117494. [PMID: 37152732 PMCID: PMC10157238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 sparked intensive research into the development of effective vaccines, 50 of which have been approved thus far, including the novel mRNA-based vaccines developed by Pfizer and Moderna. Although limiting the severity of the disease, the mRNA-based vaccines presented drawbacks, such as the cold chain requirement. Moreover, antibody levels generated by these vaccines decline significantly after 6 months. These vaccines deliver mRNA encoding the full-length spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, but must be updated as new strains and variants of concern emerge, creating a demand for adjusted formulations and booster campaigns. To overcome these challenges, we have developed COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on the highly conserved SARS CoV-2, 809-826 B-cell peptide epitope (denoted 826) conjugated to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles and bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles, both platforms have exceptional thermal stability and facilitate epitope delivery with inbuilt adjuvant activity. We evaluated two administration methods: subcutaneous injection and an implantable polymeric scaffold. Mice received a prime-boost regimen of 100 μg per dose (2 weeks apart) or a single dose of 200 μg administered as a liquid formulation, or a polymer implant. Antibody titers were evaluated longitudinally over 50 weeks. The vaccine candidates generally elicited an early Th2-biased immune response, which stimulates the production of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, followed by a switch to a Th1-biased response for most formulations. Exceptionally, vaccine candidate 826-CPMV (administered as prime-boost, soluble injection) elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, which is necessary to prevent pulmonary immunopathology associated with Th2 bias extremes. While the Qβ-based vaccine elicited overall higher antibody titers, the CPMV-induced antibodies had higher avidity. Regardless of the administration route and formulation, our vaccine candidates maintained high antibody titers for more than 50 weeks, confirming a potent and durable immune response against SARS-CoV-2 even after a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongchao Zhao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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6
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Anand A, Singh R, Saini S, Mahapatra B, Singh A, Singh S, Singh RK. Leishmania donovani induces CD300a expression to dampen effector properties of CD11c + dendritic and antigen activated CD8 + T cells. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106826. [PMID: 36610528 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are an important regiment of adaptive immunity that play a decisive role in elimination of many species of Leishmania parasite from the host. In visceral leishmaniasis, caused by L. donovani, the loss of CD8+ T cells function has been found associated with augmented pathogenesis. The factors determining CD8+ T cells activation and function against Leishmania antigens are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of an immune inhibitory receptor, CD300a, on the effector properties of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells. We observed that the Leishmania regulates the effectors function of CD8+ T cells by increasing CD300a expression on CD11c+ dendritic cells. The abrogation of CD300a signaling in parasites infected animals induced CD8+ T cell abilities to produce IFN-γ, TNF-α and also helped them to acquire desired multifunctionality. The CD300a receptor blocking also enhanced the number of CD8+ T cells memory phenotypes at the early days of infection, suggesting its potential beneficial role in vaccine induced immunity. We also observed significantly enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spleen of CD300a blocked infected animals with concomitant reduced spleen parasite load. Additionally, the abrogation of CD300a signals in the infected animals helped in establishing Th1 type protective humoral immunity with significantly elevated levels of IgG2a antibodies. Since CD8+ T cells are an important determinant of vaccine induced immunity against leishmaniasis, the findings corroborate the potential of CD300a in vaccine induced immunity and thus require further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashi Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Baishakhi Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Samer Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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7
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Ayala C, Fishman M, Noyelle M, Bassiri H, Young W. Species Differences in Blood Lymphocyte Responses After Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:807-819. [PMID: 36367185 PMCID: PMC10150731 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People with spinal cord injury (SCI) get recurrent infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumonias, that cause mortality and worsen neurological recovery. Over the past decades, researchers have proposed that post-SCI lymphopenia and decreased lymphocyte function increase susceptibility to infections and worsen neurological outcome in humans, leading to a condition called SCI-induced immune depression syndrome (SCI-IDS). In this review, we explore how SCI affects blood lymphocyte homeostasis and function in humans and rodents. Understanding how SCI affects blood lymphocytes will help the management of recurrent infections in spinal cord injured people and shed light on the clinical translation of findings in animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ayala
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Morgan Fishman
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Margot Noyelle
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hamid Bassiri
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wise Young
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Schnell A, Littman DR, Kuchroo VK. T H17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:19-29. [PMID: 36596896 PMCID: PMC10795475 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17 cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In addition, TH17 cells have been found to play an important role in tissue homeostasis, especially in the intestinal mucosa. Recently, the use of single-cell technologies, along with fate mapping and various mutant mouse models, has led to substantial progress in the understanding of TH17 cell heterogeneity in tissues and of TH17 cell plasticity leading to alternative T cell states and differing functions. In this Review, we discuss the heterogeneity of TH17 cells and the role of this heterogeneity in diverse functions of TH17 cells from homeostasis to tissue inflammation. In addition, we discuss TH17 cell plasticity and its incorporation into the current understanding of T cell subsets and alternative views on the role of TH17 cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Department of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Campos DMDO, Silva MKD, Barbosa ED, Leow CY, Fulco UL, Oliveira JIN. Exploiting reverse vaccinology approach for the design of a multiepitope subunit vaccine against the major SARS-CoV-2 variants. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 101:107754. [PMID: 36037724 PMCID: PMC9385604 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic, an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), poses a threat to global health because of its high rate of spread and death. Currently, vaccination is the most effective method to prevent the spread of this disease. In the present study, we developed a novel multiepitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 containing Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (BA.1) variants. To this end, we performed a robust immunoinformatics approach based on multiple epitopes of the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (S, M, N, and E) from 475 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced from the regions with the highest number of registered cases, namely the United States, India, Brazil, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. To investigate the best immunogenic epitopes for linear B cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and helper T lymphocytes (HTL), we evaluated antigenicity, allergenicity, conservation, immunogenicity, toxicity, human population coverage, IFN-inducing, post-translational modifications, and physicochemical properties. The tertiary structure of a vaccine prototype was predicted, refined, and validated. Through docking experiments, we evaluated its molecular coupling to the key immune receptor Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3). To improve the quality of docking calculations, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations (QM/MM) were used, with the QM part of the simulations performed using the density functional theory formalism (DFT). Cloning and codon optimization were performed for the successful expression of the vaccine in E. coli. Finally, we investigated the immunogenic properties and immune response of our SARS-CoV-2 multiepitope vaccine. The results of the simulations show that administering our prototype three times significantly increases the antibody response and decreases the amount of antigens. The proposed vaccine candidate should therefore be tested in clinical trials for its efficacy in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Melo de Oliveira Campos
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Karolaynne da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil.
| | - Emmanuel Duarte Barbosa
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Umberto Laino Fulco
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil.
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil.
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10
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Murphy RM, Tasoulas J, Porrello A, Carper MB, Tsai YH, Coffey AR, Kumar S, Zeng PYF, Schrank TP, Midkiff BR, Cohen S, Salazar AH, Hayward MC, Hayes DN, Olshan A, Gupta GP, Nichols AC, Yarbrough WG, Pecot CV, Amelio AL. Tumor Cell Extrinsic Synaptogyrin 3 Expression as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Head and Neck Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:987-1004. [PMID: 36148399 PMCID: PMC9491693 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over 70% of oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) cases in the United States are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) yet biomarkers for stratifying oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) patient risk are limited. We used immunogenomics to identify differentially expressed genes in immune cells of HPV(+) and HPV(-) squamous carcinomas. Candidate genes were tested in clinical specimens using both quantitative RT-PCR and IHC and validated by IHC using the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study (CHANCE) tissue microarray of HNSC cases. We performed multiplex immunofluorescent staining to confirm expression within the immune cells of HPV(+) tumors, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, and assessed survival outcomes. The neuronal gene Synaptogyrin-3 (SYNGR3) is robustly expressed in immune cells of HPV(+) squamous cancers. Multiplex immunostaining and single cell RNA-seq analyses confirmed SYNGR3 expression in T cells, but also unexpectedly in B cells of HPV(+) tumors. ROC curve analyses revealed that combining SYNGR3 and p16 provides more sensitivity and specificity for HPV detection compared to p16 IHC alone. SYNGR3-high HNSC patients have significantly better prognosis with five-year OS and DSS rates of 60% and 71%, respectively. Moreover, combining p16 localization and SYNGR3 expression can further risk stratify HPV(+) patients such that high cytoplasmic, low nuclear p16 do significantly worse (Hazard Ratio, 8.6; P = 0.032) compared to patients with high cytoplasmic, high nuclear p16. SYNGR3 expression in T and B cells is associated with HPV status and enhanced survival outcomes of HNSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Murphy
- Graduate Curriculum in Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jason Tasoulas
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alessandro Porrello
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Miranda B. Carper
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Bioinformatics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alisha R. Coffey
- Bioinformatics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Technology Development, Naveris Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Peter YF. Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Travis P. Schrank
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bentley R. Midkiff
- Pathology Services Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Cohen
- Pathology Services Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ashley H. Salazar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michele C. Hayward
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew Olshan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gaorav P. Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anthony C. Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendell G. Yarbrough
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chad V. Pecot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Antonio L. Amelio
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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11
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Nishimura K, Konishi T, Ochi T, Watanabe R, Noda T, Fukumoto T, Miura N, Miyauchi Y, Kikugawa T, Takenaka K, Saika T. CD21lo B Cells Could be a Potential Predictor of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060888. [PMID: 35743673 PMCID: PMC9225635 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy increases the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In particular, combination checkpoint blockade (CCB) targeting inhibitory CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors could lead to irAEs at a higher rate than ICI monotherapy. Management of irAEs is important while using ICIs. However, there are no reliable biomarkers for predicting irAEs. The aim of this study was to elucidate early B cell changes after CCB therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and verify whether B cells can be a predictor of irAEs. This prospective cohort study was conducted with 23 Japanese patients with metastatic RCC. An increase in the proportion of CD21lo B cells and CD21lo memory B cells was confirmed following CCB therapy. Although there were no differences in clinical outcomes between irAE and no-irAE groups, the proportion of CD21lo B cells at baseline was lower in the irAE group, with a significant increase after the first cycle of CCB therapy. Further analysis revealed a moderate correlation between irAEs and CD21lo B cell levels at baseline (area under the curve: 0.83, cut-off: 3.13%, sensitivity: 92.3, specificity: 70.0). This finding indicates that patients with low baseline CD21lo B cell levels warrant closer monitoring for irAEs. The clinical registration number by the Certified Review Board of Ehime University is No. 1902011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-960-5356
| | - Tatsuya Konishi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Ryuta Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Terutaka Noda
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tetsuya Fukumoto
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Noriyoshi Miura
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyauchi
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tadahiko Kikugawa
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Takashi Saika
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
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12
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Lee JH, Dong L, Noh HM, Park SG, Kim SH, Jo EH, Lee DS, Park MC. Inhibitory Effects of Donkey Hide Gelatin on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896450. [PMID: 35694270 PMCID: PMC9178178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of atopic dermatitis has led to higher socio-economic cost and raised a need for alternative medicine as novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Donkey Hide Gelatin (DHG) water extract on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice and on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-treated keratinocytes and to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. NC/Nga mice were induced by DNCB, administered Dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) or DHG water extracts (100–400 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The skin symptom score, serum IgE and immune cells were measured, the ALN, spleen and dorsal skin tissue were extracted for FACS, quantitative real-time PCR and histology analysis. In vitro, HaCaT cells were induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and its underlying mechanism were measured by ELISA and Western blot. As a result, DHG groups showed a significant decrease in the skin symptom score and the immune cell absolute number. It also showed a marked reduction of allergic and the levels of neutrophils and eosinophils in histology analysis. In TNF-α/IFN-γ induced HaCaT cells, DHG showed inhibition effects on IL-6, IL-8, TARC and RANTES, it also downregulated the expression of ICAM-1 and COX-2, up-regulated the expression of Filaggrin. Furthermore, DHG suppressed the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ. Taken together, DHG maybe a potential therapeutic agent or supplement for skin inflammatory disease such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangjuu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Min Noh
- Weedahm Korean Medicine Hospital, Gangnam, South Korea
| | - Sung-Gu Park
- ResamKorean Medicine Hospital, Gangnam, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Heui Jo, ; Dong-Sung Lee, ; Min Cheol Park,
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangjuu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Heui Jo, ; Dong-Sung Lee, ; Min Cheol Park,
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital and Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Heui Jo, ; Dong-Sung Lee, ; Min Cheol Park,
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13
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Wu KS, Jian TY, Sung SY, Hsieh CL, Huang MH, Fang CL, Wong TT, Lin YL. Enrichment of Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Group 4 Medulloblastoma in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095287. [PMID: 35563678 PMCID: PMC9101625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is classified into core molecular subgroups (wingless activated (WNT), sonic hedgehog activated (SHH), Group 3 (G3), and Group 4 (G4)). In this study, we analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cytokine profiles of 70 MB patients in Taiwan using transcriptome data. In parallel, immune cell composition in tumors from the SickKids cohort dataset was also analyzed to confirm the findings. The clinical cohort data showed the WNT and G4 MB patients had lower recurrence rates and better 5-year relapse-free survival (RFP) compared with the SHH and G3 MB patients, among the four subgroups of MB. We found tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-Bs) enriched in the G4 subgroups in the Taiwanese MB patients and the SickKids cohort dataset. In the G4 subgroups, the patients with a high level of TIL-Bs had better 5-year overall survival. Mast cells presented in G4 MB tumors were positively correlated with TIL-Bs. Higher levels of CXCL13, IL-36γ, and CCL27 were found compared to other subgroups or normal brains. These three cytokines, B cells and mast cells contributed to the unique immune microenvironment in G4 MB tumors. Therefore, B-cell enrichment is a G4-subgroup-specific immune signature and the presence of B cells may be an indicator of a better prognosis in G4 MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Sheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (K.-S.W.); (S.-Y.S.)
| | - Ting-Yan Jian
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (K.-S.W.); (S.-Y.S.)
- International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Tong Wong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (K.-S.W.); (S.-Y.S.)
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-T.W.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.-T.W.); (Y.-L.L.)
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Intermittent Exposure of Hypercapnia Suppresses Allograft Rejection via Induction of Treg Differentiation and Inhibition of Neutrophil Accumulation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040836. [PMID: 35453586 PMCID: PMC9028437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the management of major burn wounds, allogeneic skin transplantation is a critical procedure to improve wound repair. Our previous works found that intermittent exposure to carbon dioxide leads to permissive hypercapnia (HCA) and prolongs skin allograft survival. However, the modulatory effects of HCA exposure on the immune system are not well understood. Objectives: Our purpose was to investigate how intermittent exposure to HCA can effectively reduce the immune reaction to allogeneic skin graft rejection. Methods: A fully major histocompatibility complex-incompatible skin transplant from BALB/c to C57BL/6 mice model was utilized. Immune cells from splenic and draining lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. Results: Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the HCA group. Additionally, the percentage of CD8+ cells in draining lymph nodes was significantly lower in HCA than in the control group. Moreover, the generation rate of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) from spleen naïve CD4+ T cells was increased by intermittent exposure to carbon dioxide. The infiltrated neutrophils were also eliminated by HCA. Taken together, we concluded that intermittent hypercapnia exposure could effectively suppress skin rejection by stimulating Treg cell generation and suppressing immune reactions.
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15
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Characterization of human IgM and IgG repertoires in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. Virol Sin 2022; 37:370-379. [PMID: 35247647 PMCID: PMC9243603 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of antibody repertoires (Ig-Seq) have unprecedentedly improved our ability to characterize the antibody repertoires on a large scale. However, currently, only a few studies explored the influence of chronic HIV-1 infection on human antibody repertoires and many of them reached contradictory conclusions, possibly limited by inadequate sequencing depth and throughput. To better understand how HIV-1 infection would impact humoral immune system, in this study, we systematically analyzed the differences between the IgM (HIV-IgM) and IgG (HIV-IgG) heavy chain repertoires of HIV-1 infected patients, as well as between antibody repertoires of HIV-1 patients and healthy donors (HH). Notably, the public unique clones accounted for only a negligible proportion between the HIV-IgM and HIV-IgG repertoires libraries, and the diversity of unique clones in HIV-IgG remarkably reduced. In aspect of somatic mutation rates of CDR1 and CDR2, the HIV-IgG repertoire was higher than HIV-IgM. Besides, the average length of CDR3 region in HIV-IgM was significant longer than that in the HH repertoire, presumably caused by the great number of novel VDJ rearrangement patterns, especially a massive use of IGHJ6. Moreover, some of the B cell clonotypes had numerous clones, and somatic variants were detected within the clonotype lineage in HIV-IgG, indicating HIV-1 neutralizing activities. The in-depth characterization of HIV-IgG and HIV-IgM repertoires enriches our knowledge in the profound effect of HIV-1 infection on human antibody repertoires and may have practical value for the discovery of therapeutic antibodies. Ultra-deep sequencing of both IgM and IgG repertoires in chronic HIV-1 infection. VDJ gene rearrangement patterns can be dramatically changed by HIV-1 infection. Multiple mechanisms cause the high complexity of HIV-1-experienced antibodies. Discovery of promising neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies from antibody repertoires.
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16
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Immunomodulatory effect of camellia oil (Camellia oleifera Abel.) on CD19+ B cells enrichment and IL-10 production in BALB/c mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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17
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Chung NH, Chen YC, Yang SJ, Lin YC, Dou HY, Hui-Ching Wang L, Liao CL, Chow YH. Induction of Th1 and Th2 in the protection against SARS-CoV-2 through mucosal delivery of an adenovirus vaccine expressing an engineered spike protein. Vaccine 2021; 40:574-586. [PMID: 34952759 PMCID: PMC8677488 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of recombinant human type 5 adenoviruses that express the full-length or membrane-truncated spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 (AdCoV2-S or AdCoV2-SdTM, respectively) was tested the efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 via intranasal (i.n.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization in a rodent model. Mucosal delivery of adenovirus (Ad) vaccines could induce anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA in the serum and in the mucosal, respectively as indicated by vaginal wash (vw) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG but not IgA in the vw and BALF was induced by AdCoV2-S s.c.. Administration of AdCoV2-S i.n. was able to induce higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibody levels than s.c. injection. AdCoV2-SdTM i.n. induced a lower antibody responses than AdCoV2-S i.n.. Induced anti-S antibody responses by AdCoV2-S via i.n. or s.c. were not influenced by the pre-existing serum anti-Ad antibody. Novelty, S-specific IgG1 which represented Th2-mediated humoral response was dominantly induced in Ad i.n.-immunized serum in contrast to more IgG2a which represented Th1-mediated cellular response found in Ad s.c.-immunized serum. The activation of S-specific IFN-ɣ and IL-4 in splenic Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively, was observed in the AdCoV2-S i.n. and s.c. groups, indicating the Th1 and Th2 immunity were activated. AdCoV2-S and AdCoV2-SdTM significantly prevented body weight loss and reduced pulmonary viral loads in hamsters. A reduction in inflammation in the lungs was observed in AdCoV-S via i.n. or s.c.-immunized hamsters following a SARS-CoV-2 challenge. It correlated to Th1 cytokine but no inflammatory cytokines secretions found in AdCoV-S i.n. -immunized BALF. These results indicate that intranasal delivery of AdCoV2-S vaccines is safe and potent at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hsiang Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Ju Yang
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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18
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Regulates Rabies Virus-Induced Humoral Immunity through Recruitment of Conventional Type 2 Dendritic Cells to Lymph Organs. J Virol 2021; 95:e0082921. [PMID: 34613801 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00829-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is fatal to both humans and animals around the world. Effective clinical therapy for rabies has not been achieved, and vaccination is the most effective means of preventing and controlling rabies. Although different vaccines, such as live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, can induce different immune responses, different expressions of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) also cause diverse immune responses. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pivotal PRR that induces cytokine production and bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Importantly, TLR4 recognizes various virus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and virus-induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), usually leading to the activation of immune cells. However, the role of TLR4 in the humoral immune response induced by RABV has not yet been revealed. Based on TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mouse models, we report that TLR4-dependent recruitment of the conventional type 2 dendritic cells (CD8α- CD11b+ cDC2) into secondary lymph organs (SLOs) is critical for antigen presentation. cDC2-initiated differentiation of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells promotes the proliferation of germinal center (GC) B cells, the formation of GCs, and the production of plasma cells (PCs), all of which contribute to the production of RABV-specific IgG and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs). Collectively, our work demonstrates that TLR4 is necessary for the recruitment of cDC2 and for the induction of RABV-induced humoral immunity, which is regulated by the cDC2-Tfh-GC B axis. IMPORTANCE Vaccination is the most efficient method to prevent rabies. TLR4, a well-known immune sensor, plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response. Here, we found that TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) mice suppressed the induction of humoral immune response after immunization with rabies virus (RABV), including reduced production of VNAs and RABV-specific IgG compared to that occurred in wild-type (WT) mice. As a consequence, TLR4-/- mice exhibited higher mortality than that of WT mice after challenge with virulent RABV. Importantly, further investigation found that TLR4 signaling promoted the recruitment of cDC2 (CD8α+ CD11b-), a subset of cDCs known to induce CD4+ T-cell immunity through their MHC-II presentation machinery. Our results imply that TLR4 is indispensable for an efficient humoral response to rabies vaccine, which provides new insight into the development of novel rabies vaccines.
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Mikami T, Kato I, Wing JB, Ueno H, Tasaka K, Tanaka K, Kubota H, Saida S, Umeda K, Hiramatsu H, Isobe T, Hiwatari M, Okada A, Chiba K, Shiraishi Y, Tanaka H, Miyano S, Arakawa Y, Oshima K, Koh K, Adachi S, Iwaisako K, Ogawa S, Sakaguchi S, Takita J. Alteration of the immune environment in bone marrow from children with recurrent B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:41-52. [PMID: 34716967 PMCID: PMC8748249 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the considerable success of cancer immunotherapy for leukemia, the tumor immune environment has become a focus of intense research; however, there are few reports on the dynamics of the tumor immune environment in leukemia. Here, we analyzed the tumor immune environment in pediatric B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia by analyzing serial bone marrow samples from nine patients with primary and recurrent disease by mass cytometry using 39 immunophenotype markers, and transcriptome analysis. High‐dimensional single‐cell mass cytometry analysis elucidated a dynamic shift of T cells from naïve to effector subsets, and clarified that, during relapse, the tumor immune environment comprised a T helper 1‐polarized immune profile, together with an increased number of effector regulatory T cells. These results were confirmed in a validation cohort using conventional flow cytometry. Furthermore, RNA transcriptome analysis identified the upregulation of immune‐related pathways in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells during relapse, suggesting interaction with the surrounding environment. In conclusion, a tumor immune environment characterized by a T helper 1‐polarized immune profile, with an increased number of effector regulatory T cells, could contribute to the pathophysiology of recurrent B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This information could contribute to the development of effective immunotherapeutic approaches against B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mikami
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - James Badger Wing
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Tasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Isobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Hiwatari
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Okada
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Arakawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Oshima
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Carre C, Wong G, Narang V, Tan C, Chong J, Chin HX, Xu W, Lu Y, Chua M, Poidinger M, Tambyah P, Nyunt M, Ng TP, Larocque D, Hessler C, Bosco N, Quemeneur L, Larbi A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response and bile acid signatures associate with multi-strain seroresponsiveness during elderly influenza vaccination. iScience 2021; 24:102970. [PMID: 34471863 PMCID: PMC8387917 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly are an important target for influenza vaccination, and the determination of factors that underlie immune responsiveness is clinically valuable. We evaluated the immune and metabolic profiles of 205 elderly Singaporeans administered with Vaxigrip. Despite high seroprotection rates, we observed heterogeneity in the response. We stratified the cohort into complete (CR) or incomplete responders (IR), where IR exhibited signs of accelerated T cell aging. We found a higher upregulation of genes associated with the B-cell endoplasmic-reticulum stress response in CR, where XBP-1 acts as a key upstream regulator. B-cells from IR were incapable of matching the level of XBP-1 upregulation observed in CR after inducing ER stress with tunicamycin in vitro. Metabolic signatures also distinguished CR and IR - as CR presented with a greater diversity of bile acids. Our findings suggest that the ER-stress pathway activation could improve influenza vaccination in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenn Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Vipin Narang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Crystal Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Joni Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Hui Xian Chin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Michelle Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
| | - Paul Tambyah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ma Nyunt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Singapore
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21
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Tuzlak S, Dejean AS, Iannacone M, Quintana FJ, Waisman A, Ginhoux F, Korn T, Becher B. Repositioning T H cell polarization from single cytokines to complex help. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1210-1217. [PMID: 34545250 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
When helper T (TH) cell polarization was initially described three decades ago, the TH cell universe grew dramatically. New subsets were described based on their expression of few specific cytokines. Beyond TH1 and TH2 cells, this led to the coining of various TH17 and regulatory (Treg) cell subsets as well as TH22, TH25, follicular helper (TFH), TH3, TH5 and TH9 cells. High-dimensional single-cell analysis revealed that a categorization of TH cells into a single-cytokine-based nomenclature fails to capture the complexity and diversity of TH cells. Similar to the simple nomenclature used to describe innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), we propose that TH cell polarization should be categorized in terms of the help they provide to phagocytes (type 1), to B cells, eosinophils and mast cells (type 2) and to non-immune tissue cells, including the stroma and epithelium (type 3). Studying TH cells based on their helper function and the cells they help, rather than phenotypic features such as individual analyzed cytokines or transcription factors, better captures TH cell plasticity and conversion as well as the breadth of immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Tuzlak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne S Dejean
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITy), INSERM UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051-Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, Singapore, Singapore.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Virus-like vesicles based on SFV-containing rabies virus glycoprotein make a safe and efficacious rabies vaccine candidate in a mouse model. J Virol 2021; 95:e0079021. [PMID: 34346765 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00790-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal zoonosis causing encephalitis in mammals, and vaccination is the most effective method to control and eliminate rabies. Virus-like vesicles (VLVs), which are characterized as infectious, self-propagating membrane-enveloped particles composed of only Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicase and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), have been proven safe and efficient as vaccine candidates. However, previous studies showed that VLVs containing rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) grew at relatively low titers in cells, impeding their potential use as a rabies vaccine. In this study, we constructed novel VLVs by transfection of a mutant SFV RNA replicon encoding RABV-G. We found these VLVs could self-propagate efficiently in cell culture and could evolve to high titers (approximately 108 FFU/ml) by extensive passaging 25 times in BHK-21 cells. Furthermore, we found that the evolved amino acid change in SFV nsP1 at positions 470 and 482 was critical for this high-titer phenotype. Remarkably, VLVs could induce robust type I IFN expression in BV2 cells and were highly sensitive to IFN-α. We found that direct inoculation of VLVs into the mouse brain caused lesser body weight loss, mortality and neuroinflammation compared with RABV vaccine strain. Finally, it could induce increased generation of germinal centre (GC) B cells, plasma cells (PCs) and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs), as well as provide protection against virulent RABV challenge in immunized mice. This study demonstrated that VLVs containing RABV-G could proliferate in cells and were highly evolvable, revealing the feasibility of developing an economic, safe and efficacious rabies vaccine. IMPORTANCE VLVs have been shown to represent a more versatile and superior vaccine platform. In previous studies, VLVs containing the Semliki Forest Virus replicase (SFV nsP1-4) and rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) grew to relatively low titers in cells. In our study, we not only succeeded in generating VLVs that proliferate in cells and stably express RABV-G, the VLVs that evolved grew to higher titers reaching 108 FFU/ml. We also found that nucleic acid changes at positions 470 and 482 in nsP1 were vital for this high-titer phenotype. Moreover, the VLVs that evolved in our studies were highly attenuated in mice, induced potent immunity and protected mice from lethal RABV infection. Collectively, our study showed that high titers of VLVs containing RABV-G were achieved demonstrating that these VLVs could be an economical, safe, and efficacious rabies vaccine candidate.
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23
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Saba AA, Adiba M, Saha P, Hosen MI, Chakraborty S, Nabi AHMN. An in-depth in silico and immunoinformatics approach for designing a potential multi-epitope construct for the effective development of vaccine to combat against SARS-CoV-2 encompassing variants of concern and interest. Comput Biol Med 2021; 136:104703. [PMID: 34352457 PMCID: PMC8321692 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the latest of the several viral pathogens that have acted as a threat to human health around the world. Thus, to prevent COVID-19 and control the outbreak, the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important strategies at present. The study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against SARS-CoV-2. For the development of a more effective vaccine, 1549 nucleotide sequences were taken into consideration, including the variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1 and, B.1.617.2) and variants of interest (B.1.427, B.1.429, B.1.526, B.1.617.1 and P.2). A total of 11 SARS-CoV-2 proteins (S, N, E, M, ORF1ab polyprotein, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, ORF10) were targeted for T-cell epitope prediction and S protein was targeted for B-cell epitope prediction. MEV was constructed using linkers and adjuvant beta-defensin. The vaccine construct was verified, based on its antigenicity, physicochemical properties, and its binding potential, with toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4), ACE2 receptor and B cell receptor. The selected vaccine construct showed considerable binding with all the receptors and a significant immune response, including elevated antibody titer and B cell population along with augmented activity of TH cells, Tc cells and NK cells. Thus, immunoinformatics and in silico-based approaches were used for constructing MEV which is capable of eliciting both innate and adaptive immunity. In conclusion, the vaccine construct developed in this study has all the potential for the development of a next-generation vaccine which may in turn effectively combat the new variants of SARS-CoV-2 identified so far. However, in vitro and animal studies are warranted to justify our findings for its utility as probable preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Saba
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Adiba
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Piyal Saha
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hosen
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Nurun Nabi
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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24
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IL-5 mediates monocyte phenotype and pain outcomes in fibromyalgia. Pain 2021; 162:1468-1482. [PMID: 33003107 PMCID: PMC7987864 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by widespread chronic pain, fatigue, and somatic symptoms. The influence of phenotypic changes in monocytes on symptoms associated with FM is not fully understood. The primary aim of this study was to take a comprehensive whole-body to molecular approach in characterizing relationships between monocyte phenotype and FM symptoms in relevant clinical populations. Lipopolysaccharide-evoked and spontaneous secretion of IL-5 and other select cytokines from circulating monocytes was higher in women with FM compared to women without pain. In addition, greater secretion of IL-5 was significantly associated with pain and other clinically relevant psychological and somatic symptoms of FM. Furthermore, higher levels of pain and pain-related symptoms were associated with a lower percentage of intermediate monocytes (CD14++/CD16+) and a greater percentage of nonclassical monocytes (CD14+/CD16++) in women with FM. Based on findings from individuals with FM, we examined the role of IL-5, an atypical cytokine secreted from monocytes, in an animal model of widespread muscle pain. Results from the animal model show that IL-5 produces analgesia and polarizes monocytes toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype (CD206+). Taken together, our data suggest that monocyte phenotype and their cytokine profiles are associated with pain-related symptoms in individuals with FM. Furthermore, our data show that IL-5 has a potential role in analgesia in an animal model of FM. Thus, targeting anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-5 secreted by circulating leukocytes could serve as a promising intervention to control pain and other somatic symptoms associated with FM.
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25
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Zaini A, Good-Jacobson KL, Zaph C. Context-dependent roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009340. [PMID: 33983946 PMCID: PMC8118336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current approaches to reduce the burden of chronic helminth infections in endemic areas are adequate sanitation and periodic administration of deworming drugs. Yet, resistance against some deworming drugs and reinfection can still rapidly occur even after treatment. A vaccine against helminths would be an effective solution at preventing reinfection. However, vaccines against helminth parasites have yet to be successfully developed. While T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells have been established as important components of the protective type 2 response, the roles of B cells and antibodies remain the most controversial. Here, we review the roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. We discuss the potential factors that contribute to the context-specific roles for B cells in protection against diverse intestinal helminth parasite species, using evidence from well-defined murine model systems. Understanding the precise roles of B cells during resistance and susceptibility to helminth infection may offer a new perspective of type 2 protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidil Zaini
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L. Good-Jacobson
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colby Zaph
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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26
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Li Z, Cao Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Chen X. Vaccine delivery alerts innate immune systems for more immunogenic vaccination. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144627. [PMID: 33690222 PMCID: PMC8119203 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine delivery technologies are mainly designed to minimally invasively deliver vaccines to target tissues with little or no adjuvant effects. This study presents a prototype laser-based powder delivery (LPD) with inherent adjuvant effects for more immunogenic vaccination without incorporation of external adjuvants. LPD takes advantage of aesthetic ablative fractional laser to generate skin microchannels to support high-efficient vaccine delivery and at the same time creates photothermal stress in microchannel-surrounding tissues to boost vaccination. LPD could significantly enhance pandemic influenza 2009 H1N1 vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy as compared with needle-based intradermal delivery in murine models. The ablative fractional laser was found to induce host DNA release, activate NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, and stimulate IL-1β release despite their dispensability for laser adjuvant effects. Instead, the ablative fractional laser activated MyD88 to mediate its adjuvant effects by potentiation of antigen uptake, maturation, and migration of dendritic cells. LPD also induced minimal local or systemic adverse reactions due to the microfractional and sustained vaccine delivery. Our data support the development of self-adjuvanted vaccine delivery technologies by intentional induction of well-controlled tissue stress to alert innate immune systems for more immunogenic vaccination.
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27
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Surette FA, Guthmiller JJ, Li L, Sturtz AJ, Vijay R, Pope RL, McClellan BL, Pack AD, Zander RA, Shao P, Lan LYL, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Heath WR, Wilson PC, Butler NS. Extrafollicular CD4 T cell-derived IL-10 functions rapidly and transiently to support anti-Plasmodium humoral immunity. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009288. [PMID: 33529242 PMCID: PMC7880450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity against malaria depends on germinal center (GC)-derived antibody responses that are orchestrated by T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Emerging data show that the regulatory cytokine IL-10 plays an essential role in promoting GC B cell responses during both experimental malaria and virus infections. Here we investigated the cellular source and temporal role of IL-10, and whether IL-10 additionally signals to CD4 T-cells to support anti-Plasmodium humoral immunity. Distinct from reports of virus infection, we found that IL-10 was expressed by conventional, Foxp3-negative effector CD4 T cells and functioned in a B cell-intrinsic manner only during the first 96 hours of Plasmodium infection to support humoral immunity. The critical functions of IL-10 manifested only before the orchestration of GC responses and were primarily localized outside of B cell follicles. Mechanistically, our studies showed that the rapid and transient provision of IL-10 promoted B cell expression of anti-apoptotic factors, MHC class II, CD83, and cell-cell adhesion proteins that are essential for B cell survival and interaction with CD4 T cells. Together, our data reveal temporal features and mechanisms by which IL-10 critically supports humoral immunity during blood-stage Plasmodium infection, information that may be useful for developing new strategies designed to lessen the burden of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionna A. Surette
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jenna J. Guthmiller
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexandria J. Sturtz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rahul Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rosemary L. Pope
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brandon L. McClellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Angela D. Pack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Zander
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Linda Yu-Ling Lan
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Noah S. Butler
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Zhou Y, Zhao R, Schwarz EC, Akbar R, Kaba M, Pattu V, Helms V, Rieger H, Nunes-Hasler P, Qu B. Interorganelle Tethering to Endocytic Organelles Determines Directional Cytokine Transport in CD4 + T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2988-3000. [PMID: 33106338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of vesicles to their desired destinations plays a central role in maintaining proper cell functionality. In certain scenarios, depending on loaded cargos, the vesicles have spatially distinct destinations. For example, in T cells, some cytokines (e.g., IL-2) are polarized to the T cell-target cell interface, whereas the other cytokines are delivered multidirectionally (e.g., TNF-α). In this study, we show that in primary human CD4+ T cells, both TNF-α+ and IL-2+ vesicles can tether with endocytic organelles (lysosomes/late endosomes) by forming membrane contact sites. Tethered cytokine-containing vesicle (CytV)-endocytic organelle pairs are released sequentially. Only endocytic organelle-tethered CytVs are preferentially transported to their desired destination. Mathematical models suggest that endocytic organelle tethering could regulate the direction of cytokine transport by selectively attaching different microtubule motor proteins (such as kinesin and dynein) to the corresponding CytVs. These findings establish the previously unknown interorganelle tethering to endocytic organelles as a universal solution for directional cytokine transport in CD4+ T cells. Modulating tethering to endocytic organelles can, therefore, coordinately control directionally distinct cytokine transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Rahmad Akbar
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mayis Kaba
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Varsha Pattu
- Department of Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Paula Nunes-Hasler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; and
| | - Bin Qu
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; .,Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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29
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Chujo D, Kawabe A, Matsushita M, Takahashi N, Tsutsumi C, Haseda F, Imagawa A, Hanafusa T, Ueki K, Kajio H, Yagi K, Tobe K, Shimoda M. Distinct Phenotypes of Islet Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Among the 3 Subtypes of Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5870364. [PMID: 32652026 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classified into 3 subtypes: acute-onset (AT1D), slowly progressive (SP1D), and fulminant (FT1D). The differences in the type of cellular autoimmunity within each subtype remain largely undetermined. OBJECTIVE To determine the type and frequency of islet antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in each subtype of T1D. PARTICIPANTS Twenty patients with AT1D, 17 with SP1D, 18 with FT1D, and 17 persons without diabetes (ND). METHODS We performed an integrated assay to determine cellular immune responses and T-cell repertoires specific for islet antigens. This assay included an ex vivo assay involving a 48-hour stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with antigen peptides and an expansion assay involving intracytoplasmic cytokine analysis. RESULTS The results of the ex vivo assay indicated that glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)-specific interleukin-6 and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) responses and preproinsulin (PPI)-specific IP-10 responses were significantly upregulated in AT1D compared with those of ND. Furthermore, GAD65- and PPI-specific granulocyte colony-stimulating factor responses were significantly upregulated in FT1D. Expansion assay revealed that GAD65- and PPI-specific CD4+ T cells were skewed toward a type 1 helper T (Th1)- cell phenotype in AT1D, whereas GAD65-specific Th2 cells were prevalent in SP1D. GAD65-specific Th1 cells were more abundant in SP1D with human leukocyte antigen-DR9 than in SP1D without DR9. FT1D displayed significantly less type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells specific for all 4 antigens than ND. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypes of islet antigen-specific CD4+ T cells differed among the three T1D subtypes. These distinct T-cell phenotypes may be associated with the manner of progressive β-cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chujo
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitsu Kawabe
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maya Matsushita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsutsumi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Haseda
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Akihisa Imagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hanafusa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
- Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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García-Rivas G, Castillo EC, Gonzalez-Gil AM, Maravillas-Montero JL, Brunck M, Torres-Quintanilla A, Elizondo-Montemayor L, Torre-Amione G. The role of B cells in heart failure and implications for future immunomodulatory treatment strategies. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1387-1399. [PMID: 32533765 PMCID: PMC7373901 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous demonstrations that the immune system is activated in heart failure, negatively affecting patients' outcomes, no definitive treatment strategy exists directed to modulate the immune system. In this review, we present the evidence that B cells contribute to the development of hypertrophy, inflammation, and maladaptive tissue remodelling. B cells produce antibodies that interfere with cardiomyocyte function, which culminates as the result of recruitment and activation of a variety of innate and structural cell populations, including neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and T cells. As B cells appear as active players in heart failure, we propose here novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies that target B cells and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elena Cristina Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adrian M Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marion Brunck
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, FEMSA Biotechnology Center, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Torres-Quintanilla
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Shariati-Sarabi Z, Tavakkol-Afshari J, Ghasemi A, Ghoryani M, Mohammadi M. A significant decrease of BAFF, APRIL, and BAFF receptors following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Gene 2020; 732:144336. [PMID: 31935514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intravenous administration on the response of B cells, BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors on the surface of B cells at 1, 6, and 12 month follow-up periods in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Thirteen patients with refractory RA received autologous MSCs. Plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL were measured employing ELISA method, followed by estimating B cell population and BAFFRs evaluation by flow cytometry technique. Gene expression of BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors on B cell surface in PBMCs was evaluated by SYBR Green real-time PCR technique. Plasma concentration of BAFF significantly decreased 1 and 6 months after the MSCT (MSCs Transplantation). Plasma concentration of APRIL significantly decreased 1 month after the MSCT. Percentages of CD19 + B cells in the PBMC population significantly decreased 12 months after the MSCT. Percentages of BR3 + CD19 + B cells and BCMA + CD19 + B cells significantly decreased at the 12th month after the MSCT. The gene expression of BAFF in the PBMC population significantly decreased during 6, and 12 months after the MSCT. The gene expression of APRIL significantly decreased on month 6 after the MSCT. The gene expression of BR3 significantly decreased during 1, 6, and 12 months after the MSCT. The MSCT seems to decrease B cells response because of the reduced production of BAFF and APRIL cytokines and decrease the expression of their receptors on the surface of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shariati-Sarabi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Internal Medicine Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Tavakkol-Afshari
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Pediatric, Hematology and Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghoryani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Haupeltshofer S, Leichsenring T, Berg S, Pedreiturria X, Joachim SC, Tischoff I, Otte JM, Bopp T, Fantini MC, Esser C, Willbold D, Gold R, Faissner S, Kleiter I. Smad7 in intestinal CD4 + T cells determines autoimmunity in a spontaneous model of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25860-25869. [PMID: 31796589 PMCID: PMC6926056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905955116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental triggers acting at the intestinal barrier are thought to contribute to the initiation of autoimmune disorders. The transforming growth factor beta inhibitor Smad7 determines the phenotype of CD4+ T cells. We hypothesized that Smad7 in intestinal CD4+ T cells controls initiation of opticospinal encephalomyelitis (OSE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), depending on the presence of gut microbiota. Smad7 was overexpressed or deleted in OSE CD4+ T cells to determine the effect on clinical progression, T cell differentiation, and T cell migration from the intestine to the central nervous system (CNS). Smad7 overexpression worsened the clinical course of OSE and increased CNS inflammation and demyelination. It favored expansion of intestinal CD4+ T cells toward an inflammatory phenotype and migration of intestinal CD4+ T cells to the CNS. Intestinal biopsies from MS patients revealed decreased transforming growth factor beta signaling with a shift toward inflammatory T cell subtypes. Smad7 in intestinal T cells might represent a valuable therapeutic target for MS to achieve immunologic tolerance in the intestine and suppress CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Haupeltshofer
- St. Josef-Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Teresa Leichsenring
- St. Josef-Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Berg
- St. Josef-Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiomara Pedreiturria
- St. Josef-Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Joachim
- University Eye Clinic, Experimental Eye Research Institute, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Iris Tischoff
- Institut für Pathologie, Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Michel Otte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Links der Weser, 28277 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Universitätsmedizin Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Roma RM, Italy
| | - Charlotte Esser
- Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- St. Josef-Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Faissner
- St. Josef-Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- St. Josef-Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
- Marianne-Strauss-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbH, 82335 Berg, Germany
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Chen C, Zhang C, Li R, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Li H, Fu Z, Zhou M, Zhao L. Monophosphoryl-Lipid A (MPLA) is an Efficacious Adjuvant for Inactivated Rabies Vaccines. Viruses 2019; 11:E1118. [PMID: 31816996 PMCID: PMC6950009 DOI: 10.3390/v11121118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies, as one of the most threatening zoonoses in the world, causes a fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease. So far, vaccination with rabies vaccines has been the most effective measure to prevent and control this disease. At present, inactivated rabies vaccines are widely used in humans and domestic animals. However, humoral immune responses induced by inactivated rabies vaccines are relatively low and multiple shots are required to achieve protective immunity. Supplementation with an adjuvant is a practical way to improve the immunogenicity of inactivated rabies vaccines. In this study, we found that monophosphoryl-lipid A (MPLA), a well-known TLR4 agonist, could significantly promote the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) through a TLR4-dependent pathway in vitro and the maturation of conventional DCs (cDCs) in vivo. We also found that MPLA, serving as an adjuvant for inactivated rabies vaccines, could significantly facilitate the generation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells (PCs), consequently enhancing the production of RABV-specific total-IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, and the virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs). Furthermore, MPLA could increase the survival ratio of mice challenged with virulent RABV. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MPLA serving as an adjuvant enhances the intensity of humoral immune responses by activating the cDC-Tfh-GC B axis. Our findings will contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of traditional rabies vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yueming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (C.Z.); (R.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (Z.F.); (M.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Psychopharmacology: neuroimmune signaling in psychiatric disease-developing vaccines against abused drugs using toll-like receptor agonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2899-2907. [PMID: 30726515 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Since substance use disorders have few or no effective pharmacotherapies, researchers have developed vaccines as immune-therapies against nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioids including fentanyl. OBJECTIVES We focus on enhancing antibody (AB) production through stimulation of toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) during active vaccination. The stimulating adjuvant is Entolimod, a novel protein derivative of flagellin. We review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Entolimod's actions on TLR5. RESULTS Entolimod shows excellent efficacy for increasing AB levels to levels well beyond those produced by anti-addiction vaccines alone in animal models and humans. These ABs also significantly block the behavioral effects of the targeted drug of abuse. The TLR5 stimulation involves a wide range of immune cell types such as dendritic, antigen presenting, T and B cells. Entolimod binding to TLR5 initiates an intracellular signaling cascade that stimulates cytokine production of tumor necrosis factor and two interleukins (IL-6 and IL-12). While cytokine release can be catastrophic in cytokine storm, Entolimod produces a modulated release with few side effects even at doses 30 times greater than doses needed in these vaccine studies. Entolimod has markedly increased AB responses to all of our anti-addiction vaccines in rodent models, and in normal humans. CONCLUSIONS Entolimod and TLR5 stimulation has broad application to vaccines and potentially to other psychiatric disorders like depression, which has critical inflammatory contributions that Entolimod could reduce.
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Goncalves-Alves E, Saferding V, Schliehe C, Benson R, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Brunner JS, Puchner A, Podesser BK, Smolen JS, Redlich K, Bonelli M, Brewer J, Bergthaler A, Steiner G, Blüml S. MicroRNA-155 Controls T Helper Cell Activation During Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1367. [PMID: 31275315 PMCID: PMC6593301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR) 155 has been implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity as well as autoimmune processes. Importantly, it has been shown to regulate several antiviral responses, but its contribution to the immune response against cytopathic viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infections is not known. Using transgenic/recombinant VSV expressing ovalbumin, we show that miR-155 is crucially involved in regulating the T helper cell response against this virus. Our experiments indicate that miR-155 in CD4+ T cells controls their activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro and in vivo upon immunization with OVA as well as during VSV viral infection. Using intravital multiphoton microscopy we analyzed the interaction of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells after OVA immunization and found impaired complex formation when using miR-155 deficient CD4+ T cells compared to wildtype CD4+ T cells ex vivo. In contrast, miR-155 was dispensable for the maturation of myeloid APCs and for their T cell stimulatory capacity. Our data provide the first evidence that miR-155 is required for efficient CD4+ T cell activation during anti-viral defense by allowing robust APC-T cell interaction required for activation and cytokine production of virus specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Saferding
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- CeMM - Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julia Stefanie Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonia Puchner
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Redlich
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM - Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Steiner
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
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Deutschmann C, Roggenbuck D, Schierack P. The loss of tolerance to CHI3L1 – A putative role in inflammatory bowel disease? Clin Immunol 2019; 199:12-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Arora R, Haile CN, Kosten TA, Wu Y, Ramakrishnan M, Hawkins LD, Orson FM, Kosten TR. Preclinical efficacy of an anti-methamphetamine vaccine using E6020 adjuvant. Am J Addict 2019; 28:119-126. [PMID: 30701618 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine (MA) substance use disorder (SUD) does not have an efficacious pharmacotherapy. We developed a MA vaccine and investigated its potential to attenuate MA induced responses. METHODS We examined a novel adjuvant, E6020, a Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) agonist combined with tetanus-toxoid conjugated to succinyl-methamphetamine (TT-SMA) adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide (alum). Adult BALB/c female mice received the vaccine and booster injections at weeks 0, 3, and 6. The efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by the level and affinity of anti-MA antibodies elicited, its ability to attenuate MA induced locomotor activation and its reduction in the amount of MA entering the brains of vaccinated mice. RESULTS The TT-SMA vaccine containing alum and E6020 adjuvant produced anti-MA antibodies with nanomolar affinities and showed threefold greater peak titer levels than without E6020 (700 vs 250 μg/ml). These antibodies significantly decreased MA-induced locomotor activation (p < .05), and reduced the brain (p < .005) MA levels following MA administration in actively immunized mice. CONCLUSIONS Thus, this anti-MA vaccine formulated with E6020 demonstrated effective functional protection against behavioral disruptions induced by MA. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Together, anti-MA vaccine showing a promising improvement in the efficacy of the vaccine that could be an effective candidate vaccine for methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). Furthermore, combinations of adjuvants may be a tool to design vaccines for MA dependence in humans. (Am J Addict 2019;XX:1-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetakshi Arora
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Michael E DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Colin N Haile
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Michael E DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Therese A Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Michael E DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Wu
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Michael E DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Muthu Ramakrishnan
- The Michael E DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Immunology Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Frank M Orson
- The Michael E DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Immunology Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Michael E DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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Sungnak W, Wang C, Kuchroo VK. Multilayer regulation of CD4 T cell subset differentiation in the era of single cell genomics. Adv Immunol 2019; 141:1-31. [PMID: 30904130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are major immune cell types that mediate effector responses appropriate for diverse incoming threats. These cells have been categorized into different subsets based on how they are induced, expression of specific master transcription factors, and the resulting effector cell phenotypes as defined by expression of signature cytokines. However, recent studies assessing the expression of gene modules in single CD4 T cells, rather than expression of one or a few signature genes, have provided a more complex picture in which the canonical model does not fit as cleanly as proposed. Here, we review the concepts of lineage commitment, plasticity and functional heterogeneity in the context of this greater complexity. We then apply our current understanding of CD4 T cell subsets to discuss outstanding questions regarding follicular helper T cells and follicular regulatory T cells with respect to their shared features with other known CD4 T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waradon Sungnak
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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39
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Warren JL, MacIver NJ. Regulation of Adaptive Immune Cells by Sirtuins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 31354630 PMCID: PMC6637536 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that the pathways that control lymphocyte metabolism and function are intimately linked, and changes in lymphocyte metabolism can influence and direct cellular function. Interestingly, a number of recent advances indicate that lymphocyte identity and metabolism is partially controlled via epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in DNA methylation or histone acetylation, have been found to alter immune function and play a role in numerous chronic disease states. There are several enzymes that can mediate epigenetic changes; of particular interest are sirtuins, protein deacetylases that mediate adaptive responses to a variety of stresses (including calorie restriction and metabolic stress) and are now understood to play a significant role in immunity. This review will focus on recent advances in the understanding of how sirtuins affect the adaptive immune system. These pathways are of significant interest as therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmunity, cancer, and transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Warren
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J. MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancie J. MacIver
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Scales HE, Meehan GR, Hayes AJ, Benson RA, Watson E, Walters A, Tomura M, Maraskovsky E, Garside P, Baz Morelli A, Brewer JM. A Novel Cellular Pathway of Antigen Presentation and CD4 T Cell Activation in vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2684. [PMID: 30524434 PMCID: PMC6262026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell activation of CD4 T cells in the lymph node draining a site of infection or vaccination is widely considered the central event in initiating adaptive immunity. The accepted dogma is that this occurs by stimulating local activation and antigen acquisition by dendritic cells, with subsequent lymph node migration, however the generalizability of this mechanism is unclear. Here we show that in some circumstances antigen can bypass the injection site inflammatory response, draining freely and rapidly to the lymph nodes where it interacts with subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages resulting in their death. Debris from these dying SCS macrophages is internalized by monocytes recruited from the circulation. This coordinated response leads to antigen presentation by monocytes and interactions with naïve CD4 T cells that can drive the initiation of T cell and B cell responses. These studies demonstrate an entirely novel pathway leading to initiation of adaptive immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Scales
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R Meehan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Hayes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Watson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | | | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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41
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Mardpour S, Hamidieh AA, Taleahmad S, Sharifzad F, Taghikhani A, Baharvand H. Interaction between mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles and immune cells by distinct protein content. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8249-8258. [PMID: 30378105 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can effectively contribute to tissue regeneration inside the inflammatory microenvironment mostly through modulating immune responses. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) display immunoregulatory functions similar to parent cells. Interactions between MSC-EVs and immune cells make them an ideal therapeutic candidate for infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. These properties of MSC-EVs have encouraged researchers to perform extensive studies on multiple factors that mediate MSC-EVs immunomodulatory effects. Investigation of proteins involved in the complex interplay of MSC-EVs and immune cells may help us to better understand their functions. Here, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of MSC-EVs that was previously reported by ExoCarta database. A total of 938 proteins were identified as MSC-EV proteome using quantitative proteomics techniques. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis demonstrates that ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and disease-specific pathways are enriched in MSC-EVs. By detail analysis of proteins presence in immune system process, we found that expression of some cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors such as IL10, HGF, LIF, CCL2, VEGFC, and CCL20, which leads to migration of MSC-EVs to injured sites, suppression of inflammation and promotion of regeneration in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Also, some chemoattractant proteins such as CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL16, DEFA1, HERC5, and IFITM2 were found in MSC-EV proteome. They may actively recruit immune cells to the proximity of MSC or MSC-EVs, may result in boosting immune response under specific circumstances, and may have protective role in infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize available information about immunomodulation of MSC-EVs with particular emphasis on their proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soura Mardpour
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Adeleh Taghikhani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Delayed allogeneic skin graft rejection in CD26-deficient mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:557-567. [PMID: 29572550 PMCID: PMC6804736 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is an effective therapeutic tool for treating many terminal diseases. However, one of the biggest challenges of transplantation is determining how to achieve the long-term survival of the allogeneic or xenogeneic transplant by, for example, preventing transplant rejection. In the current study, CD26 gene-knockout mice were used to investigate the potential role of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV) in allogeneic skin graft rejection by tail-skin transplantation. Compared with wild-type (CD26+/+) counterparts, CD26-/- mice showed reduced necrosis of grafts and delayed graft rejection after skin transplantation. Concentrations of serum IgG, including its subclasses IgG1 and IgG2a, were significantly reduced in CD26-/- mice during graft rejection. Moreover, after allogeneic skin transplantation, the secretion levels of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 were significantly reduced, whereas the level of the cytokine IL-10 was increased in the serum of CD26-/- mice compared with that in the serum of CD26+/+ mice. Additionally, the concentration of IL-17 in serum and the percentage of cells secreting IL-17 in mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes (MPBLs) were both significantly lower, while the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly higher in MPBLs of CD26-/- mice than in those of CD26+/+ mice. Furthermore, a lower percentage of CD8+ T cells in MPBLs and fewer infiltrated macrophages and T cells in graft tissues of CD26-/- mice were detected during graft rejection. These results indicate that CD26 is involved in allogeneic skin graft rejection and provides another hint that CD26 deficiency leads to less rejection due to lower activation and proliferation of host immune cells.
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Jaigirdar SA, Benson RA, Elmesmari A, Kurowska-Stolarska MS, McInnes IB, Garside P, MacLeod MKL. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Promotes the Persistence of Activated CD4 T Cells in Inflamed Sites. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1627. [PMID: 29225602 PMCID: PMC5705559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can be protective or pathogenic depending on context and timeframe. Acute inflammation, including the accumulation of CD4 T cells, accompanies protective immune responses to pathogens, but the presence of activated CD4 T cells at sites of inflammation is associated with chronic inflammatory disease. While significant progress has been made in understanding the migration of CD4 T cells into inflamed sites, the signals that lead to their persistence are poorly characterized. Using a murine ear model of acute inflammation and intravital two-photon imaging, we have dissected the signals that mediate CD4 T cell persistence. We report the unexpected finding that the bioactive lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is both necessary and sufficient for the persistence of activated CD4 T cells at peripheral tissues in acute inflammation. S1P mediated the enhanced motility of CD4 T cells at inflamed tissues but did not affect their migration to the downstream draining lymph node. We found that sphingosine kinase-1, which regulates S1P production is increased at inflamed sites in mice and in patients with the chronic inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis. Together, these data suggest that S1P, or its regulators, may be key targets to promote or disrupt accumulation of CD4 T cells at inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ahrar Jaigirdar
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Benson
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aziza Elmesmari
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain B McInnes
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Megan K L MacLeod
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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44
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New Insights Contributing to the Development of Effective Vaccines and Therapies to Reduce the Pathology Caused by hRSV. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081753. [PMID: 28800119 PMCID: PMC5578143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) worldwide, leading to significant levels of immunocompromisation as well as morbidity and mortality in infants. Its main target of infection is the ciliated epithelium of the lungs and the host immune responses elicited is ineffective at achieving viral clearance. It is thought that the lack of effective immunity against hRSV is due in part to the activity of several viral proteins that modulate the host immune response, enhancing a Th2-like pro-inflammatory state, with the secretion of cytokines that promote the infiltration of immune cells to the lungs, with consequent damage. Furthermore, the adaptive immunity triggered by hRSV infection is characterized by weak cytotoxic T cell responses and secretion of low affinity antibodies by B cells. These features of hRSV infection have meant that, to date, no effective and safe vaccines have been licensed. In this article, we will review in detail the information regarding hRSV characteristics, pathology, and host immune response, along with several prophylactic treatments and vaccine prototypes. We will also expose significant data regarding the newly developed BCG-based vaccine that promotes protective cellular and humoral response against hRSV infection, which is currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
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45
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Hajishengallis G, Arce S, Gockel CM, Connell TD, Russell MW. Immunomodulation with Enterotoxins for the Generation of Secretory Immunity or Tolerance: Applications for Oral Infections. J Dent Res 2016; 84:1104-16. [PMID: 16304439 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat-labile enterotoxins, such as cholera toxin (CT), and the labile toxins types I and II (LT-I and LT-II) of Escherichia coli have been extensively studied for their immunomodulatory properties, which result in the enhancement of immune responses. Despite superficial similarity in structure, in which a toxic A subunit is coupled to a pentameric binding B subunit, different toxins have different immunological properties. Administration of appropriate antigens admixed with or coupled to these toxins by oral, intranasal, or other routes in experimental animals induces mucosal IgA and circulating IgG antibodies that have protective potential against a variety of enteric, respiratory, or genital infections. These include the generation of salivary antibodies that may protect against colonization with mutans streptococci and the development of dental caries. However, exploitation of these adjuvants for human use requires an understanding of their mode of action and the separation of their desirable immunomodulatory properties from their toxicity. Recent findings have revealed that adjuvant action is not critically dependent upon the enzymic activity of the A subunits, and that the isolated B subunits may exert different effects on cells of the immune system than do the intact toxins. Interaction of the toxins with immunocompetent cells is not exclusively dependent upon their conventional ganglioside receptors. Immunomodulatory effects have been observed on dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and B-cells. Numerous factors—including the precise form of the toxin adjuvant, properties of the antigen, whether and how they are coupled, route of administration, and species of animal model—affect the outcome, whether this is enhanced humoral and cellular immunity, or specific induced tolerance toward the antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, and Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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46
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Wali S, Sahoo A, Puri S, Alekseev A, Nurieva R. Insights into the development and regulation of T follicular helper cells. Cytokine 2016; 87:9-19. [PMID: 27339151 PMCID: PMC5108526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are specialized subset of T helper (Th) cells necessary for germinal center reaction, affinity maturation and the differentiation of germinal center B cells to antibody-producing plasma B cells and memory B cells. The differentiation of Tfh cells is a multistage, multifactorial process involving a variety of cytokines, surface molecules and transcription factors. While Tfh cells are critical components of protective immune responses against pathogens, regulation of these cells is crucial to prevent autoimmunity and airway inflammation. Recently, it has been noted that Tfh cells could be potentially implicated either in cancer progression or prevention. Thus, the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate Tfh cell differentiation, function and fate should highlight potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the regulation of Tfh cell differentiation and their role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Wali
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anupama Sahoo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sushant Puri
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrei Alekseev
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, TX, USA.
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47
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Desbien AL, Dubois Cauwelaert N, Reed SJ, Bailor HR, Liang H, Carter D, Duthie MS, Fox CB, Reed SG, Orr MT. IL-18 and Subcapsular Lymph Node Macrophages are Essential for Enhanced B Cell Responses with TLR4 Agonist Adjuvants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4351-4359. [PMID: 27794001 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Designing modern vaccine adjuvants depends on understanding the cellular and molecular events that connect innate and adaptive immune responses. The synthetic TLR4 agonist glycopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) formulated in a squalene-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) augments both cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccine Ags. This adjuvant is currently included in several vaccines undergoing clinical evaluation including those for tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and influenza. Delineation of the mechanisms of adjuvant activity will enable more informative evaluation of clinical trials. Early after injection, GLA-SE induces substantially more Ag-specific B cells, higher serum Ab titers, and greater numbers of T follicular helper (TFH) and Th1 cells than alum, the SE alone, or GLA without SE. GLA-SE augments Ag-specific B cell differentiation into germinal center and memory precursor B cells as well as preplasmablasts that rapidly secrete Abs. CD169+ SIGNR1+ subcapsular medullary macrophages are the primary cells to take up GLA-SE after immunization and are critical for the innate immune responses, including rapid IL-18 production, induced by GLA-SE. Depletion of subcapsular macrophages (SCMф) or abrogation of IL-18 signaling dramatically impairs the Ag-specific B cell and Ab responses augmented by GLA-SE. Depletion of SCMф also drastically reduces the Th1 but not the TFH response. Thus the GLA-SE adjuvant operates through interaction with IL-18-producing SCMф for the rapid induction of B cell expansion and differentiation, Ab secretion, and Th1 responses, whereas augmentation of TFH numbers by GLA-SE is independent of SCMф.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven J Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102
| | | | - Hong Liang
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Darrick Carter
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and.,PAI Life Sciences, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Malcolm S Duthie
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Christopher B Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102; .,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
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48
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Qiao J, Li X, Wu Y, Wu X, Zhu F, Liu N, Qi K, Cheng H, Li D, Sun H, Zeng L, Xu K. An increased expression profile of Th9/IL-9 correlated with Th17/IL-17 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Platelets 2016; 28:287-294. [PMID: 27662073 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1218454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Qiao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yulu Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Kunming Qi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Depeng Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
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49
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50
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Cheng WK, Plumb AW, Lai JCY, Abraham N, Dutz JP. Topical CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Adjuvant Enhances the Adaptive Immune Response against Influenza A Infections. Front Immunol 2016; 7:284. [PMID: 27524984 PMCID: PMC4965457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines generate humoral immunity, targeting highly variable epitopes and thus fail to achieve long-term protection. T cells recognize and respond to several highly conserved epitopes across influenza serotypes. A strategy of raising strong cytotoxic T cell memory responses to epitopes conserved across serotypes would provide cross serotype protection, eliminating the need for annual vaccination. We explored the adjuvant potential of epicutaneous (ec) and subcutaneous (sc) delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide in conjunction with sc protein immunization to improve protection against influenza A virus (IAV) infections using a mouse model. We found enhanced long-term protection with epicutaneous CpG ODN (ecCpG) compared to subcutaneous CpG ODN (scCpG) as demonstrated by reduced viral titers in the lungs. This correlated with increased antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the airways and the lungs. The memory T cell response after immunization with ecCpG adjuvant was comparable to memory response by priming with IAV infection in the lungs. In addition, ecCpG was more efficient than scCpG in inducing the generation of IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells. The adjuvant effect of ecCpG was accompanied with its ability to modulate tissue-homing molecules on T cells that may direct them to the site of infection. Together, this work provides evidence for using ecCpG to induce strong antibody and memory T cell responses to confer protection against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ki Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Adam William Plumb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Jacqueline Cheuk-Yan Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jan Peter Dutz
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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