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Khorshidvand Z, Shirian S, Amiri H, Zamani A, Maghsood AH. Immunomodulatory chitosan nanoparticles for Toxoplasma gondii infection: Novel application of chitosan in complex propranolol-hydrochloride as an adjuvant in vaccine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127228. [PMID: 37839605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) in combination with chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) as an adjuvant to develop an effective vaccine against T. gondii. A total of 105 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven equal groups including PBS alone, CS NPs, SAG1 (Surface antigen 1), CS-SAG1 NPs, CS-PRO NPs, SAG1-PRO, and CS-SAG1-PRO NPs. The immunostimulatory effect of each adjuvant used for vaccine delivery was evaluated in a mice immunization model. The results showed that the mice immunized with CS-SAG1-PRO NPs exhibited the highest lymphocyte proliferation rate, along with increased secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23, as well as elevated levels of protective cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-27, and IL-10. Although, the CS-SAG1-PRO NPs immunized mice showed the highest level of T. gondii specific IgG compared to the other groups, a significant production of IgG2a and IgG1 was observed in the sera of mice immunized with the CS-SAG1-PRO NPs compared to the other group (p <0.001). The higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio observed in the CS-SAG1-PRO NPs group indicates a bias towards Th1 cell polarization, suggesting the promotion of Th1 cell-mediated immune responses. Considering the combination of the highest lymphocyte proliferation and survival rates, IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, and cytokine levels in the mice immunized with CS-SAG1-PRO NPs, this approach holds promise for immunostimulation and vaccine delivery against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khorshidvand
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Lab, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Amiri
- Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Lab, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Maghsood
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Geng M, Li K, Ai K, Liang W, Yang J, Wei X. Evolutionarily conserved IL-27β enhances Th1 cells potential by triggering the JAK1/STAT1/T-bet axis in Nile tilapia. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100087. [PMID: 36873098 PMCID: PMC9978509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pleiotropic cytokine in the interleukin (IL)-12 family, IL-27β plays a significant role in regulating immune cell responses, eliminating invading pathogens, and maintaining immune homeostasis. Although non-mammalian IL-27β homologs have been identified, the mechanism of whether and how it is involved in adaptive immunity in early vertebrates remains unclear. In this study, we identified an evolutionarily conserved IL-27β (defined as OnIL-27β) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and explored its conserved status through gene collinearity, gene structure, functional domain, tertiary structure, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogeny analysis. IL-27β was widely expressed in the immune-related tissues/organ of tilapia. The expression of OnIL-27β in spleen lymphocytes increased significantly at the adaptive immune phase after Edwardsiella piscicida infection. OnIL-27β can bind to precursor cells, T cells, and other lymphocytes to varying degrees. Additionally, IL-27β may be involved in lymphocyte-mediated immune responses through activation of Erk and JNK pathways. More importantly, we found that IL-27β enhanced the mRNA expression of the Th1 cell-associated cytokine IFN-γ and the transcription factor T-bet. This potential enhancement of the Th1 response may be attributed to the activation of the JAK1/STAT1/T-bet axis by IL-27β, as it induced increased transcript levels of JAK1, STAT1 but not TYK2 and STAT4. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the origin, evolution and function of the adaptive immune system in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Wang X, Tang Q, Bergquist R, Zhou X, Qin Z. The Cytokine Profile in Different Stages of Schistosomiasis Japonica. Pathogens 2023; 12:1201. [PMID: 37887717 PMCID: PMC10610117 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore and profile the level of cytokines in the sera of patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum to explore the helper T-cell response of patients either at the chronic or advanced stage of the disease. We randomly selected 58 subjects from several areas endemic for schistosomiasis japonica in China and collected serum samples to be tested for 18 different cytokines secreted by (1) Th1/Th2 cells (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18 and TNF-α) and (2) Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cells (IL-9, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 and IL-27). The Th1/Th2 cytokines in chronic patients were not significantly different from those in healthy people, while patients with advanced schistosomiasis had higher levels of IL-2, IL-23 and IL-27 and lower levels of IL-18 and IFN-γ. With respect to the Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cell cytokines, there were higher levels of IL-23. Thus, a limited variation of the cytokine response between the three patient groups was evident, but only in those with advanced infection, while there was no difference between chronic schistosomiasis infection and healthy subjects in this respect. The cytokine expression should be followed in patients with advanced schistosomiasis who show a cytokine pattern of a weakened Th1 cell response and an increased Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qi Tang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.W.); (Q.T.)
| | | | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.W.); (Q.T.)
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Agger AE, Reseland JE, Hjelkrem E, Lian AM, Hals EKB, Zandi H, Sunde PT. Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis? Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5203-5215. [PMID: 37434075 PMCID: PMC10492720 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify disease-related markers in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) biopsies and examine whether these were associated with comorbidities like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). MATERIALS AND METHOD The levels of the cytokines/chemokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-21, IL-23, IL-27, IL-28A/IFN -λ2, IL-33, MIP-3α/CCL20, and TNF-α were determined in lesions from patients with PAP (n = 20) and compared to healthy bone samples (n = 20). RESULTS We identified eleven cytokines to be differently expressed, and among them, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17E, IL-21, and IL-27 appeared to drive the discrepancy between the disease and healthy groups. The levels of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell promoting cytokines (IL-21, IL-6, IL-27) were enhanced while T helper (Th) 1 cell promoting cytokine (IL-2), Th2 cell promoting cytokine (IL-13), and Th17 cell promoting cytokine (IL-17E) were reduced in the PAP group. The data also indicate that Tfh cell differentiation (IL-21), along with Th1 (GM-CSF, IFNγ), Th2 (IL-13), and Th17 (GM-CSF) cell differentiation, might be increased in the subpopulation of patients suffering from RA, whereas no differences were found in patients with CVD. CONCLUSIONS Levels of cytokines/chemokines in PAP were identified, and cluster analyzes indicated that these markers may be associated with the differentiation of different T cell populations. Patients with PAP and RA comorbidities showed elevated levels of markers reinforcing this association. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Molecular analyses of PAP may result in identification of prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Eriksson Agger
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Hjelkrem
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else K Breivik Hals
- TAKO-Centre, National Resource Centre for Oral Health in Rare Medical Conditions, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Homan Zandi
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
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Suzuki Y, Lutshumba J, Chen KC, Abdelaziz MH, Sa Q, Ochiai E. IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells activates cerebral mRNA expression of a wide spectrum of molecules critical for both innate and T cell-mediated protective immunity to control reactivation of chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1110508. [PMID: 36875520 PMCID: PMC9975934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that brain-resident cells produce IFN-γ in response to reactivation of cerebral infection with Toxoplasma gondii. To obtain an overall landscape view of the effects of IFN-γ from brain-resident cells on the cerebral protective immunity, in the present study we employed NanoString nCounter assay and quantified mRNA levels for 734 genes in myeloid immunity in the brains of T and B cell-deficient, bone marrow chimeric mice with and without IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells in response to reactivation of cerebral T. gondii infection. Our study revealed that IFN-γ produced by brain-resident cells amplified mRNA expression for the molecules to activate the protective innate immunity including 1) chemokines for recruitment of microglia and macrophages (CCL8 and CXCL12) and 2) the molecules for activating those phagocytes (IL-18, TLRs, NOD1, and CD40) for killing tachyzoites. Importantly, IFN-γ produced by brain-resident cells also upregulated cerebral expression of molecules for facilitating the protective T cell immunity, which include the molecules for 1) recruiting effector T cells (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), 2) antigen processing (PA28αβ, LMP2, and LMP7), transporting the processed peptides (TAP1 and TAP2), assembling the transported peptides to the MHC class I molecules (Tapasin), and the MHC class I (H2-K1 and H2-D1) and Ib molecules (H2-Q1, H-2Q2, and H2-M3) for presenting antigens to activate the recruited CD8+ T cells, 3) MHC class II molecules (H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, H2-Eb1, H2-Ea-ps, H2-DMa, H2-Ob, and CD74) to present antigens for CD4+ T cell activation, 4) co-stimulatory molecules (ICOSL) for T cell activation, and 5) cytokines (IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) facilitating IFN-γ production by NK and T cells. Notably, the present study also revealed that IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells also upregulates cerebral expressions of mRNA for the downregulatory molecules (IL-10, STAT3, SOCS1, CD274 [PD-L1], IL-27, and CD36), which can prevent overly stimulated IFN-γ-mediated pro-inflammatory responses and tissue damages. Thus, the present study uncovered the previously unrecognized the capability of IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells to upregulate expressions of a wide spectrum of molecules for coordinating both innate and T cell-mediated protective immunity with a fine-tuning regulation system to effectively control cerebral infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yasuhiro Suzuki,
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kuey Chu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Genomics Core Laboratory, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mohamed H. Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qila Sa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eri Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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Interleukin-27 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice through Regulatory T Cell Augmentation and Dendritic Cell Tolerance. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2054879. [PMID: 36405994 PMCID: PMC9674420 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2054879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation in the arterial wall, is driven by immune cells and cytokines. Recent evidence indicated that interleukin (IL)-27 showed pleiotropic properties in immune diseases. However, precise mechanisms of IL-27, especially in atherosclerosis remains unknown. In our research, we examined the influence of the administration of IL-27 and an anti-IL-27p28 antibody (anti-IL-27p28-Ab) on both the initiation and the progression of atherosclerosis. In the groups (both the initiation and the progression) receiving recombinant IL-27 administration, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques was suspended, and the percentage of regulatory T cells (LAP+ or Foxp3+) in the spleen and peripheral blood was increased. Meanwhile, the number of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells was decreased. In the peripheral blood plasma, TGF-β and IL-10 expression were increased, while the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 were reduced. As for lesions, the mRNA expression of Foxp3, TGF-β, and IL-10 was increased, while that of IFN-γ and IL-17 was reduced. In the anti-IL-27p28 antibody groups, we obtained opposite results. We also observed that DCs treated with IL-27 display a tolerogenic phenotype and that IL-27–treated tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are likely to play a protective role during atherosclerosis. Our study indicates that IL-27 or adoptive transfer of IL-27 loaded tDCs may be a new therapeutic approach in atherosclerosis.
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Lopez BS. Can Infectious Disease Control Be Achieved without Antibiotics by Exploiting Mechanisms of Disease Tolerance? Immunohorizons 2022; 6:730-740. [DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Antimicrobial use in animal agriculture may be contributing to the emerging public health crisis of antimicrobial resistance. The sustained prevalence of infectious diseases driving antimicrobial use industry-wide suggests that traditional methods of bolstering disease resistance are, for some diseases, ineffective. A paradigm shift in our approach to infectious disease control is needed to reduce antimicrobial use and sustain animal and human health and the global economy. Targeting the defensive mechanisms that promote the health of an infected host without impacting pathogen fitness, termed “disease tolerance,” is a novel disease control approach ripe for discovery. This article presents examples of disease tolerance dictating clinical outcomes for several infectious diseases in humans, reveals evidence suggesting a similarly critical role of disease tolerance in the progression of infectious diseases plaguing animal agriculture, and thus substantiates the assertion that exploiting disease tolerance mechanisms can positively impact animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brina S. Lopez
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ
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Sasai M, Yamamoto M. Anti-toxoplasma host defense systems and the parasitic counterdefense mechanisms. Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kawahara E, Azuma M, Nagashima H, Omori K, Akiyama S, Fujimori Y, Oishi M, Shibui N, Kawaguchi K, Morita M, Okuyama Y, Ishii N, So T. TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5 Limits IL-27 Receptor Signaling in CD4 + T Lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:642-650. [PMID: 34996840 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) restrains early signaling activity of the IL-6 receptor in naive CD4+ T cells by interacting with the shared gp130 chain, although TRAF5 was initially discovered as a cytoplasmic adaptor protein to activate signaling mediated by TNF receptor family molecules. This leads to the question of whether TRAF5 limits signaling via the receptor for IL-27, which is composed of gp130 and WSX-1. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of TRAF5 in IL-27 receptor signaling and to understand the differential role of TRAF5 on cytokine receptor signaling. We found that Traf5 -/- CD4+ T cells displayed significantly higher levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT-regulated genes Socs3 and Tbx21, as early as 1 h after IL-27 exposure when compared with Traf5 +/+ CD4+ T cells. Upon IL-27 and TCR signals, the Traf5 deficiency significantly increased the induction of IL-10 and promoted the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Traf5 -/- mice injected with IL-27 displayed significantly enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, demonstrating that TRAF5 works as a negative regulator for IL-27 receptor signaling. In contrast, IL-2 and proliferation mediated by glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein (GITR) and TCR signals were significantly decreased in Traf5 -/- CD4+ T cells, confirming that TRAF5 works as a positive regulator for cosignaling via GITR. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TRAF5 reciprocally controls signals mediated by the IL-27 receptor and GITR in CD4+ T cells and suggest that the regulatory activity of TRAF5 in gp130 is distinct from that in TNF receptor family molecules in a T cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigo Kawahara
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Mitsuki Azuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyuki Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koki Omori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sho Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Yuka Fujimori
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Mayu Oishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Nagito Shibui
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Masashi Morita
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Rahimi Z, Yaghobi R, Afshari A, Roozbeh J, Mokhtari MJ, Hosseini AM. The effect of BKV reactivation on cytokines behavior in kidney transplanted patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 34996392 PMCID: PMC8739991 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is one of the common causes of graft loss among kidney transplanted recipients (KTRs). The current treatment for BKV nephropathy is decreasing the immunosuppressive regimen in KTRs. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a multifunctional cytokine that might be the front-runner of an important pathway in this regard. Therefore, in current study it is tried to evaluate the changes in the expression level of IL-27 and some related molecules, resulting from BKV reactivation in KTR patients. METHODS EDTA-treated blood samples were collected from all participants. Patients were divided into two groups, 31 kidney transplant recipients with active and 32 inactive BKV infection, after being monitored by Real time PCR (Taq-Man) in plasma. Total of 30 normal individuals were considered as healthy control group. Real time PCR (SYBR Green) technique is used to determine the expression level of studied genes. RESULTS The results of gene expression comparisons showed that the expression level of IL-27, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNFR2 and IRF7 genes was significantly higher in inactive group in comparison to active group. The expression level of TLR4 was lower in both active and inactive groups in comparison to control group. ROC curve analysis showed that IL-27 and IRF7 are significantly different amongst other studied genes. Finally, the analyses revealed that the expression level of most of the studied genes (except for TNF-α and TLR4) have significant correlation with viral load. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that IL-27, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNFR2 and IRF7 expression level is higher in inactive group and TLR4 expression level is lower in patients' groups in comparison to control group. Also, ROC curve analysis showed IL-27 and IRF7 can significantly differentiate studied groups (BKV active vs. inactive). Therefore, these results might help elucidating the pattern in charge of BKV reactivation in kidney transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biology, Zarghan branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Malek Hosseini
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Elevated Levels of IL-27 Are Associated with Disease Activity in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5527627. [PMID: 34744512 PMCID: PMC8564213 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Notably, the increased immune response of Th1 cells and related cytokines is associated with the onset of CD. IL-27 is a newly discovered IL-12-related cytokine, but its expression and clinical significance in CD patients are still controversial. This study is aimed at evaluating the serum levels of IL-27 in CD patients and analyzing their clinical significance. The results indicated that serum levels of IL-27 in CD patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects (median (interquartile range (IQR)): 110.0 (95.0, 145.0) vs. 85.0 (80.0, 95.0) pg/ml, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the IL-27 levels significantly increased in CD patients at the active stage compared with CD patients in remission (CDR) (127.5 (100.0, 150.0) vs. 90 (80.0, 110.0) pg/ml, P < 0.001). However, there was no difference in IL-27 levels between CDR and control subjects. The levels of IL-27 were positively correlated with Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fecal calprotectin (FC), and Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (Hb) and serum albumin (ALB). IL-27 combined with CRP favored the prediction of CD activity (area under the curve (AUC): 0.88). Additionally, the proportions of Th17 and Th1 cells in peripheral blood were higher in CD patients than in control subjects. Active CD patients exhibited significantly higher proportions of Th17 and Th1 cells than those in remission. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the serum levels of IL-27 were positively associated with the frequency of Th17 cells in CD patients (r = 0.519, P = 0.013) but not associated with the frequency of Th1 cells in CD patients. IL-27 is positively associated with multiple inflammation indicators and may exert a proinflammatory profile by regulating Th17 cell differentiation in the development of Crohn's disease. In the future, IL-27 combined with CRP is expected to become an important biological marker of CD activity.
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12
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Tang Y, Bai Z, Qi J, Lu Z, Ahmad, Wang G, Jin M, Wang B, Chen H, Li X. Altered peripheral B lymphocyte homeostasis and functions mediated by IL-27 via activating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:354-365. [PMID: 34558072 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell dysfunction and inflammatory cytokine over-production participate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we compared peripheral B cell homeostasis and immune functions between RA patients and healthy controls (HC) and explored vital signaling pathways involved in altered RA B cells. We found that RA patients showed significantly decreased frequencies of peripheral CD19+ CD27+ CD24high regulatory B (Breg) cells but increased frequencies of CD19+ CD27+ CD38high plasmablasts and CD19+ CD138+ plasma cells, and higher levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG. Compared to HC peripheral B cells, RA peripheral B cells had more increased proliferation and higher expression of activation markers. Importantly, our results showed that RA peripheral B cells displayed the mTOR signaling pathway to be more activated, and inhibition of mTOR could restore RA B cell homeostasis and functions. RA serum-treated B cells exhibited more increased expressions of mTOR, which could be restored with the addition of anti-interleukin (IL)-27 neutralizing antibody. Serum IL-27 levels were significantly increased in RA patients and positively correlated with disease activity, the frequencies of plasma cells and the levels of autoantibodies. In vitro, IL-27 notably promoted immune dysfunction of RA B cells, which were inhibited by anti-IL-27 neutralizing antibody. Also, the mTOR pathway was more activated in IL-27-treated RA B cells, and mTOR inhibition apparently reversed abnormalities of RA B cells mediated by IL-27. These results suggest that increased serum IL-27 levels could promote peripheral B cell dysfunction in RA patients via activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, IL-27 may play a pro-pathogenic role in the development of RA, and antagonizing IL-27 could be a novel therapy strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Tang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziran Bai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Minli Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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13
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The dual role of IL-27 in CD4+T cells. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:172-180. [PMID: 34438225 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family, has diverse regulatory functions in various immune responses, and is recognised as a potent agonist and antagonist of CD4+T cells in different contexts. However, this dual role and underlying mechanisms have not been completely defined. In the present review, we summarise the dual role of IL-27 in CD4+T cells. In particular, we aimed to decipher its mechanism to better understand the context-dependent function of IL-27 in CD4+T cells. Furthermore, we propose a possible mechanism for the dual role of IL-27. This may be helpful for the development of appropriate IL-27 treatments in various clinical settings.
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14
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Wu S, Ma R, Zhong Y, Chen Z, Zhou H, Zhou M, Chong W, Chen J. Deficiency of IL-27 Signaling Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis with Elevated Uveitogenic Th1 and Th17 Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147517. [PMID: 34299138 PMCID: PMC8305313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human uveitis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by ocular inflammation with the involvement of uveitogenic Th1 and Th17 responses. In experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), the animal model for human uveitis, both responses are proven to be critical in disease development. Therefore, targeting both Th1 and Th17 cells has therapeutic implication for disease resolution. IL-27 is a multifunctional cytokine that can either promote or inhibit T cell responses and is implicated in both autoimmune and infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to characterize the role of IL-27/IL-27R signaling in regulating uveitogenic Th1/Th17 responses in EAU. By immunizing IL-27Rα-/- mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates for EAU, we demonstrated that IL-27 signaling deficiency exacerbated EAU with severe ocular inflammation and impairment of visual function. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the eye-infiltrating Th1 and Th17 cells in IL-27Rα-/- EAU mice compared to WT. Their retinal antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 responses were also significantly increased, as represented by the elevation of their signature cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-17A, respectively. We also observed the upregulation of another pathogenic cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), from effector T cells in IL-27Rα-/- EAU mice. Mechanistic studies confirmed that IL-27 inhibited GM-CSF production from Th17 cells. In addition, the induction of IL-10 producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells was impaired in IL-27Rα-/- EAU mice. These results identified that IL-27 signaling plays a suppressive role in EAU by regulating multiple CD4+ cell subsets, including the effector Th1 and Th17 cells and the regulatory Tr1 cells. Our findings provide new insights for therapeutic potential in controlling uveitis by enhancing IL-27 signaling.
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15
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Savoji MA, Sereshgi MMA, Ghahari SMM, Asgarhalvaei F, Mahdavi M. Formulation of HBsAg in Montanide ISA 51VG adjuvant: Immunogenicity study and monitoring long-lived humoral immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107599. [PMID: 33848910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Montanide ISA 51VG adjuvant has been approved for human clinical application and stimulates cellular and humoral immune responses. Here, HBsAg was formulated in Montanide ISA51VG adjuvant to compare its potency with the Fendrix and HBsAg-alum vaccines. In particular, the long-term humoral response was assessed up to 220 days after the final immunization. BALB/c mice were allocated into six groups. Treatment groups were injected with HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG, the Fendrix and commercial HBsAg-alum, respectively. Montanide ISA51 VG, Alum and PBS injected mice were considered as control groups. Mice were immunized three times with 2-week intervals on days 0, 14 and 28 by subcutaneous injection. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed with the BrdU method. IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines, specific total IgG and IgG1/IgG2a isotypes were assessed using ELISA. The HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG vaccine resulted in a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation versus HBsAg-alum and higher IL-2 cytokine production versus the Fendrix. Comparable IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines responses were observed for these vaccines. Following the first immunization, IgG increased more in HBs-Montanide 51VG group versus the HBs-alum group, while after the second and third shots comparable responses were observed in comparison to the HBs-alum group. Monitoring for 220 days after the final vaccination showed the superiority of HBsAg-Montanide ISA 51VG vaccine versus HBsAg-alum and even the Fendrix vaccine in the induction of long-term antibody responses. This study suggests that HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG as a novel vaccine formulation can trigger both cellular and long-lasting humoral immune responses more efficiently than conventional HBsAg vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Savoji
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Asgarhalvaei
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Morita Y, Masters EA, Schwarz EM, Muthukrishnan G. Interleukin-27 and Its Diverse Effects on Bacterial Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678515. [PMID: 34079555 PMCID: PMC8165262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens are known to be carefully orchestrated by specific cytokines that initiate and down regulate immune cell functions from the initial infection through tissue repair and homeostasis. However, some cytokines, including interleukin-27, are expressed at multiple phases of the infection, such that their pro and anti-inflammatory functions have been difficult to interpret. As elucidation of specific cytokine functions throughout infection is central to our understanding of protective vs. susceptible immunity and return to homeostasis vs. prolonged inflammation leading to septic shock, here we review the literature on IL-27 signaling and the various functions of this heterodimeric ligand member of the IL-12 cytokine family. Canonically, IL-27 is produced by antigen-presenting cells, and is thought of as an immunostimulatory cytokine due to its capacity to induce Th1 differentiation. However, many studies have also identified various immunosuppressive effects of IL-27 signaling, including suppression of Th17 differentiation and induction of co-inhibitory receptors on T cells. Thus, the exact role of IL-27 in the context of infectious diseases remains a topic of debate and active research. Additionally, as recent interest has focused on clinical management of acute vs. chronic infections, and life-threatening “cytokine storm” from sepsis, we propose a hypothetical model to explain the biphasic role of IL-27 during the early and late phases of immune responses to reconcile its known pro and anti-inflammatory functions, which could be therapeutically regulated to improve patient outcomes of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Morita
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Elysia A Masters
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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17
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Wilmes S, Jeffrey PA, Martinez-Fabregas J, Hafer M, Fyfe PK, Pohler E, Gaggero S, López-García M, Lythe G, Taylor C, Guerrier T, Launay D, Mitra S, Piehler J, Molina-París C, Moraga I. Competitive binding of STATs to receptor phospho-Tyr motifs accounts for altered cytokine responses. eLife 2021; 10:66014. [PMID: 33871355 PMCID: PMC8099432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines elicit pleiotropic and non-redundant activities despite strong overlap in their usage of receptors, JAKs and STATs molecules. We use IL-6 and IL-27 to ask how two cytokines activating the same signaling pathway have different biological roles. We found that IL-27 induces more sustained STAT1 phosphorylation than IL-6, with the two cytokines inducing comparable levels of STAT3 phosphorylation. Mathematical and statistical modeling of IL-6 and IL-27 signaling identified STAT3 binding to GP130, and STAT1 binding to IL-27Rα, as the main dynamical processes contributing to sustained pSTAT1 levels by IL-27. Mutation of Tyr613 on IL-27Rα decreased IL-27-induced STAT1 phosphorylation by 80% but had limited effect on STAT3 phosphorgylation. Strong receptor/STAT coupling by IL-27 initiated a unique gene expression program, which required sustained STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF1 expression and was enriched in classical Interferon Stimulated Genes. Interestingly, the STAT/receptor coupling exhibited by IL-6/IL-27 was altered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL-6/IL-27 induced a more potent STAT1 activation in SLE patients than in healthy controls, which correlated with higher STAT1 expression in these patients. Partial inhibition of JAK activation by sub-saturating doses of Tofacitinib specifically lowered the levels of STAT1 activation by IL-6. Our data show that receptor and STATs concentrations critically contribute to shape cytokine responses and generate functional pleiotropy in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Polly-Anne Jeffrey
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Fabregas
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Maximillian Hafer
- Department of Biology and Centre of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Paul K Fyfe
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Gaggero
- Université de Lille, INSERM UMR1277 CNRS UMR9020-CANTHER and Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Martín López-García
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Grant Lythe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Taylor
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Guerrier
- Univ. Lille, Univ. LilleInserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Univ. LilleInserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Suman Mitra
- Université de Lille, INSERM UMR1277 CNRS UMR9020-CANTHER and Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology and Centre of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Carmen Molina-París
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,T-6 Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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18
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Mirlekar B, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. IL-12 Family Cytokines in Cancer and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E167. [PMID: 33418929 PMCID: PMC7825035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-12 family cytokines are a group of unique heterodimeric cytokines that include IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35 and, most recently, IL-39. Recent studies have solidified the importance of IL-12 cytokines in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses in cancer and identified multipronged roles for distinct IL-12 family members, ranging from effector to regulatory immune functions. These cytokines could serve as promising candidates for the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. Overall, IL-12 can be considered an effector cytokine and has been found to engage anti-tumor immunity by activating the effector Th1 response, which is required for the activation of cytotoxic T and NK cells and tumor clearance. IL-23 and IL-27 play dual roles in tumor immunity, as they can both activate effector immune responses and promote tumor growth by favoring immune suppression. IL-35 is a potent regulatory cytokine and plays a largely pro-tumorigenic role by inhibiting effector T cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on IL-12 family cytokines in the control of tumor growth with an emphasis primarily on immune regulation. We underscore the clinical implications for the use of these cytokines either in the setting of monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapies for the more effective treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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19
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Beizavi Z, Zohouri M, Asadipour M, Ghaderi A. IL-27, a pleiotropic cytokine for fine-tuning the immune response in cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:319-329. [PMID: 33146571 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1840565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family, has an important role in modulating inflammation in partnership with innate and adaptive immune cells. IL-27 binding to IL-27R starts downstream signaling based on the target cells. It can instigate inflammation by inducing CD4+ T cell proliferation, Th1 polarization, cytotoxic T cell activation, generation of the natural killer cell, and macrophage and dendritic cell activation. However, by inducing programmed cell death and suppression of effector cells, IL-27 can suppress inflammation and return the immune response to hemostasis. Altogether, IL-27 displays multifaceted dual functions, which may result in either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Recent investigations indicated the antitumor activity of IL-27 via inducing Th1, and CTL responses and generating NK cells. On the other hand, IL-27 also can promote tumor cells' proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. In the present review, we'll discuss recent advances concerning the role of IL-27 in inflammatory diseases such as infections, autoimmune diseases with a focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beizavi
- Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Zohouri
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morvarid Asadipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Zhang H, Madi A, Yosef N, Chihara N, Awasthi A, Pot C, Lambden C, Srivastava A, Burkett PR, Nyman J, Christian E, Etminan Y, Lee A, Stroh H, Xia J, Karwacz K, Thakore PI, Acharya N, Schnell A, Wang C, Apetoh L, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Anderson AC, Regev A, Kuchroo VK. An IL-27-Driven Transcriptional Network Identifies Regulators of IL-10 Expression across T Helper Cell Subsets. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108433. [PMID: 33238123 PMCID: PMC7771052 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that suppresses inflammation through multiple mechanisms, including induction of IL-10, but the transcriptional network mediating its diverse functions remains unclear. Combining temporal RNA profiling with computational algorithms, we predict 79 transcription factors induced by IL-27 in T cells. We validate 11 known and discover 5 positive (Cebpb, Fosl2, Tbx21, Hlx, and Atf3) and 2 negative (Irf9 and Irf8) Il10 regulators, generating an experimentally refined regulatory network for Il10. We report two central regulators, Prdm1 and Maf, that cooperatively drive the expression of signature genes induced by IL-27 in type 1 regulatory T cells, mediate IL-10 expression in all T helper cells, and determine the regulatory phenotype of colonic Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Prdm1/Maf double-knockout mice develop spontaneous colitis, phenocopying ll10-deficient mice. Our work provides insights into IL-27-driven transcriptional networks and identifies two shared Il10 regulators that orchestrate immunoregulatory programs across T helper cell subsets. Zhang et al. construct a transcriptional network for IL-27-mediated Il10 production in CD4 T cells, characterize the function of 16 Il10 regulators, and uncover the role of two transcription factors, Prdm1 and Maf, in driving Il10 production in all T helper cells and in maintaining immune homeostasis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asaf Madi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nir Yosef
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Norio Chihara
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute(an autonomous institute of the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Caroline Pot
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Conner Lambden
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Patrick R Burkett
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Biogen, 300 Binney St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jackson Nyman
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena Christian
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasaman Etminan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annika Lee
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helene Stroh
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junrong Xia
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Karwacz
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Pratiksha I Thakore
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nandini Acharya
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France
| | | | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Koch Institute and Ludwig Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Montes de Oca M, de Labastida Rivera F, Winterford C, Frame TCM, Ng SS, Amante FH, Edwards CL, Bukali L, Wang Y, Uzonna JE, Kuns RD, Zhang P, Kabat A, Klein Geltink RI, Pearce EJ, Hill GR, Engwerda CR. IL-27 signalling regulates glycolysis in Th1 cells to limit immunopathology during infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008994. [PMID: 33049000 PMCID: PMC7584222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is critical for controlling pathogens, but also responsible for symptoms of infectious diseases. IL-27 is an important regulator of inflammation and can limit development of IFNγ-producing Tbet+ CD4+ T (Th1) cells. IL-27 is thought to do this by stimulating IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells, but the underlying mechanisms of these immunoregulatory pathways are not clear. Here we studied the role of IL-27 signalling in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. We found IL-27 signalling was critical for the development of IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells during infection. Furthermore, in the absence of IL-27 signalling, there was improved control of parasite growth, but accelerated splenic pathology characterised by the loss of marginal zone macrophages. Critically, we discovered that IL-27 signalling limited glycolysis in Th1 cells during infection that in turn attenuated inflammation. Furthermore, the modulation of glycolysis in the absence of IL-27 signalling restricted tissue pathology without compromising anti-parasitic immunity. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism by which IL-27 mediates immune regulation during disease by regulating cellular metabolism. Infectious diseases like visceral leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum are associated with an inflammatory response generated by the host. This is needed to control parasite growth, but also contributes to the symptoms of disease. Consequently, these inflammatory responses need to be tightly regulated. Although we now recognize many of the cells and molecules involved in controlling inflammation, the underlying mechanisms mediating immune regulation are unclear. CD4+ T cells are critical drivers of inflammatory responses during infections and as they progress from a naïve to activated state, the metabolic pathways they use have to change to meet the new energy demands required to proliferate and produce effector molecules. In this study, we discovered that the inflammatory CD4+ T cells needed to control L. donovani infection switch from relying on mitochondrial oxidative pathways to glycolysis. Critically, we found the cytokine IL-27 limited glycolysis in these inflammatory CD4+ T cells, and in the absence of IL-27 signaling pathways, these cells expanded more rapidly to better control parasite growth, but also caused increased tissue damage in the spleen. However, pharmacological dampening of glycolysis in inflammatory CD4+ T cells in L. donovani-infected mice lacking IL-27 signaling pathways limited tissue damage without affecting their improved anti-parasitic activity. Together, these results demonstrate that the pathogenic activity of inflammatory CD4+ T cells can be modulated by altering their cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Montes de Oca
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabian de Labastida Rivera
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Teija C. M. Frame
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanna S. Ng
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona H. Amante
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chelsea L. Edwards
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luzia Bukali
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rachel D. Kuns
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Kabat
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Edward J. Pearce
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christian R. Engwerda
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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22
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Lucchesi D, Coleby R, Pontarini E, Prediletto E, Rivellese F, Hill DG, Derrac Soria A, Jones SA, Humphreys IR, Sutcliffe N, Tappuni AR, Pitzalis C, Jones GW, Bombardieri M. Impaired Interleukin-27-Mediated Control of CD4+ T Cell Function Impact on Ectopic Lymphoid Structure Formation in Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1559-1570. [PMID: 32307922 DOI: 10.1002/art.41289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) develop at sites of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. In patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), ELS support autoreactive B cell activation and lymphomagenesis. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a key regulator of adaptive immunity and limits Th17 cell-driven pathology. We undertook this study to elucidate the role of IL-27 in ELS formation and function in autoimmunity using a murine model of sialadenitis and in patients with SS. METHODS ELS formation was induced in wild-type and Il27ra-/- mice via salivary gland (SG) cannulation of a replication-deficient adenovirus in the presence or absence of IL-17A neutralization. In SG biopsy samples, IL-27-producing cells were identified by multicolor immunofluorescence microscopy. Lesional and circulating IL-27 levels were determined by gene expression and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The in vitro effect of IL-27 on T cells was assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cytokine release. RESULTS In experimental sialadenitis, Il27ra-/- mice had larger and more hyperactive ELS (focus score; P < 0.001), increased autoimmunity, and an expanded Th17 response (P < 0.001), compared to wild-type mice. IL-17 blockade in Il27ra-/- mice suppressed the aberrant ELS response (B and T cell reduction against control; P < 0.01). SS patients displayed increased circulating IL-27 levels (P < 0.01), and in SG biopsy samples, IL-27 was expressed by DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells in association with CD3+ T cells. Remarkably, in SS T cells (but not in T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or healthy controls), IL-27-mediated suppression of IL-17 secretion was severely impaired and associated with an aberrant interferon-γ release upon IL-27 stimulation. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the physiologic ability of IL-27 to limit the magnitude and function of ELS through control of Th17 cell expansion is severely impaired in SS patients, highlighting a defective immunoregulatory checkpoint in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David G Hill
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK, and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Qi J, Zhang Z, Tang X, Li W, Chen W, Yao G. IL-27 Regulated CD4 +IL-10 + T Cells in Experimental Sjögren Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1699. [PMID: 32849596 PMCID: PMC7431603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) plays diverse immune regulatory roles in autoimmune disorders and promotes the generation of IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells characterized by producing the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. However, whether IL-27 participates in pathological progress of Sjögren syndrome (SS) through regulating CD4+IL-10+ T cells remains unknown. Here we aimed to explore the potential role of IL-27 and CD4+IL-10+ T cells in the pathogenesis of SS. The IL-27 gene knockout non-obese diabetic (Il-27−/−NOD) mice were generated and injected with exogenous IL-27. Exogenous injection of IL-27 and neutralization of IL-27 with anti–IL-27 antibody in NOD mice were performed. The histopathologic changes in submandibular glands, lacrimal glands and lung, salivary flow rate, and percentages of CD4+IL-10+ T cells were determined. And, ovalbumin-immunized C57L/B6 mice were injected with IL-27 to detect the percentage of CD4+IL-10+ T cells. In vitro, splenic naive T cells from C57L/B6 mice were cultured with IL-27 for 4 days to induce the differentiation of CD4+IL-10+ T cells. In addition, IL-27, IL-10, and CD4+IL-10+ T cells were determined in health control and SS patients. The results showed that Il-27−/−NOD mice had more severe disease and lower level of CD4+IL-10+ T cells than control mice. And IL-27 promoted the generation and differentiation of CD4+IL-10+ T cells in vivo and in vitro significantly. In agreement with the findings in the SS-like mice, patients with SS showed lower levels of IL-27, IL-10, and CD4+IL-10+ T cells. Our findings indicated that IL-27 deficiency aggravated SS by regulating CD4+IL-10+ T cells. Targeting IL-27 and CD4+IL-10+ T cells may be a novel therapy for patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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24
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Liu LY, Ma XZ, Ouyang B, Ings DP, Marwah S, Liu J, Chen AY, Gupta R, Manuel J, Chen XC, Gage BK, Cirlan I, Khuu N, Chung S, Camat D, Cheng M, Sekhon M, Zagorovsky K, Abdou Mohamed MA, Thoeni C, Atif J, Echeverri J, Kollmann D, Fischer S, Bader GD, Chan WCW, Michalak TI, McGilvray ID, MacParland SA. Nanoparticle Uptake in a Spontaneous and Immunocompetent Woodchuck Liver Cancer Model. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4698-4715. [PMID: 32255624 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a tremendous focus on the application of nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer. Nonprimate models are conventionally used to assess the biomedical utility of nanomaterials. However, these animals often lack an intact immunological background, and the tumors in these animals do not develop spontaneously. We introduce a preclinical woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced liver cancer model as a platform for nanoparticle (NP)-based in vivo experiments. Liver cancer development in these out-bred animals occurs as a result of persistent viral infection, mimicking human hepatitis B virus-induced HCC development. We highlight how this model addresses key gaps associated with other commonly used tumor models. We employed this model to (1) track organ biodistribution of gold NPs after intravenous administration, (2) examine their subcellular localization in the liver, (3) determine clearance kinetics, and (4) characterize the identity of hepatic macrophages that take up NPs using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the liver and spleen were the primary sites of NP accumulation. Subcellular analyses revealed accumulation of NPs in the lysosomes of CD14+ cells. Through RNA-seq, we uncovered that immunosuppressive macrophages within the woodchuck liver are the major cell type that take up injected NPs. The woodchuck-HCC model has the potential to be an invaluable tool to examine NP-based immune modifiers that promote host anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Y Liu
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Xue-Zhong Ma
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Ben Ouyang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Danielle P Ings
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Sagar Marwah
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jeff Liu
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 230, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Annie Y Chen
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Justin Manuel
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Xu-Chun Chen
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Blair K Gage
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Iulia Cirlan
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Nicholas Khuu
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Sai Chung
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Damra Camat
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Michael Cheng
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
| | - Manmeet Sekhon
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Kyryl Zagorovsky
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
| | - Mohamed A Abdou Mohamed
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt 44519
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jawairia Atif
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Juan Echeverri
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Sandra Fischer
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gary D Bader
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 230, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 450, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Tomasz I Michalak
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Ian D McGilvray
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Sonya A MacParland
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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25
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Park J, DeLong JH, Knox JJ, Konradt C, Wojno EDT, Hunter CA. Impact of Interleukin-27p28 on T and B Cell Responses during Toxoplasmosis. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00455-19. [PMID: 31548322 PMCID: PMC6867838 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00455-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of the subunits IL-27p28 and EBi3, and while the IL-27 heterodimer influences T cell activities, there is evidence that IL-27p28 can have EBi3-independent activities; however, their relevance to infection is unclear. Therefore, the studies presented here compared how IL-27p28 transgenics and IL-27p28-/- mice responded to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii While the loss of IL-27p28 and its overexpression both result in increased susceptibility to T. gondii, the basis for this phenotype reveals distinct roles for IL-27p28. As a component of IL-27, IL-27p28 is critical to limit infection-induced T cell-mediated pathology, whereas the ectopic expression of IL-27p28 reduced the effector T cell population and had a major inhibitory effect on parasite-specific antibody titers and a failure to control parasite replication in the central nervous system. Indeed, transfer of immune serum to infected IL-27p28 transgenics resulted in reduced parasite burden and pathology. Thus, IL-27p28, independent of its role as a component of IL-27, can act as a negative regulator of humoral and cellular responses during toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Park
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan H DeLong
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James J Knox
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christoph Konradt
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elia D Tait Wojno
- University of Washington, Department of Immunology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Catalan-Dibene J, McIntyre LL, Zlotnik A. Interleukin 30 to Interleukin 40. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:423-439. [PMID: 30328794 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are important molecules that regulate the ontogeny and function of the immune system. They are small secreted proteins usually produced upon activation of cells of the immune system, including lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Many cytokines have been described, and several have been recognized as pivotal players in immune responses and in human disease. In fact, several anticytokine antibodies have proven effective therapeutics, especially in various autoimmune diseases. In the last 15 years, new cytokines have been described, and many remain poorly understood. Among the most recent cytokines discovered are interleukins-30 (IL-30) to IL-40. Several of these are members of other cytokine superfamilies, including several IL-1 superfamily members (IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) as well as several new members of the IL-12 family (IL-30, IL-35, and IL-39). The rest (IL-31, IL-32, IL-34, and IL-40) are encoded by genes that do not belong to any cytokine superfamily. Our aim of this review was to present a concise version of the information available on these novel cytokines to facilitate their understanding by members of the immunological community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovani Catalan-Dibene
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics and University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California.,2 Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Laura L McIntyre
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California.,2 Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics and University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California.,2 Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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27
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Sukhbaatar O, Kimura D, Miyakoda M, Nakamae S, Kimura K, Hara H, Yoshida H, Inoue SI, Yui K. Activation and IL-10 production of specific CD4 + T cells are regulated by IL-27 during chronic infection with Plasmodium chabaudi. Parasitol Int 2019; 74:101994. [PMID: 31634628 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-27, a regulatory cytokine, plays critical roles in the prevention of immunopathology during Plasmodium infection. We examined these roles in the immune responses against Plasmodium chabaudi infection using the Il-27ra-/- mice. While IL-27 was expressed at high levels during the early phase of the infection, enhanced CD4+ T cell function and reduction in parasitemia were observed mainly during the chronic phase in the mutant mice. In mice infected with P. chabaudi and cured with drug, CD4+ T cells in the Il-27ra-/- mice exhibited enhanced CD4+ T-cell responses, indicating the inhibitory role of IL-27 on the protective immune responses. To determine the role of IL-27 in detail, we performed CD4+ T-cell transfer experiments. The Il-27ra-/- and Il27p28-/- mice were first infected with P. chabaudi and then cured using drug treatment. Plasmodium-antigen primed CD4+ T cells were prepared from these mice and transferred into the recipient mice, followed by infection with the heterologous parasite P. berghei ANKA. Il-27ra-/- CD4+ T cells in the infected recipient mice did not produce IL-10, indicating that IL-10 production by primed CD4+ T cells is IL-27 dependent. Il27p28-/- CD4+ T cells that were primed in the absence of IL-27 exhibited enhanced recall responses during the challenge infection with P. berghei ANKA, implying that IL-27 receptor signaling during the primary infection affects recall responses in the long-term via the regulation of the memory CD4+ T cell generation. These features highlighted direct and time-transcending roles of IL-27 in the regulation of immune responses against chronic infection with Plasmodium parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odsuren Sukhbaatar
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Mana Miyakoda
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nakamae
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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Kourko O, Seaver K, Odoardi N, Basta S, Gee K. IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:969. [PMID: 31681561 PMCID: PMC6797860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the immune system in anti-tumor immunity cannot be overstated, as it holds the potential to promote tumor eradication or prevent tumor cell escape. Cytokines are critical to influencing the immune responses and interactions with non-immune cells. Recently, the IL-12 and IL-6 family of cytokines have accumulated newly defined members each with specific immune functions related to various cancers and tumorigenesis. There is a need to better understand how cytokines like IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35 interact with one another, and how a developing tumor can exploit these interactions to enhance immune suppression. Current cytokine-based immunotherapies are associated with cytotoxic side effects which limits the success of treatment. In addition to this toxicity, understanding the complex interactions between immune and cancer cells may be one of the greatest challenges to developing a successful immunotherapy. In this review, we bring forth IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35, “sister cytokines,” along with more recent additions to the IL-12 family, which serve distinct purposes despite sharing structural similarities. We highlight how these cytokines function in the tumor microenvironment by examining their direct effects on cancer cells as well their indirect actions via regulatory functions of immune cells that act to either instigate or inhibit tumor progression. Understanding the context dependent immunomodulatory outcomes of these sister cytokines, as well as their regulation within the tumor microenvironment, may shed light onto novel cancer therapeutic treatments or targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kourko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Seaver
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Natalya Odoardi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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van der Heijden T, Bot I, Kuiper J. The IL-12 cytokine family in cardiovascular diseases. Cytokine 2019; 122:154188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Sin JH, Zuckerman C, Cortez JT, Eckalbar WL, Erle DJ, Anderson MS, Waterfield MR. The epigenetic regulator ATF7ip inhibits Il2 expression, regulating Th17 responses. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2024-2037. [PMID: 31217192 PMCID: PMC6719416 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 cells (Th17) are critical for fighting infections at mucosal surfaces; however, they have also been found to contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases and have been targeted therapeutically. Due to the role of Th17 cells in autoimmune pathogenesis, it is important to understand the factors that control Th17 development. Here we identify the activating transcription factor 7 interacting protein (ATF7ip) as a critical regulator of Th17 differentiation. Mice with T cell-specific deletion of Atf7ip have impaired Th17 differentiation secondary to the aberrant overproduction of IL-2 with T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and are resistant to colitis in vivo. ChIP-seq studies identified ATF7ip as an inhibitor of Il2 gene expression through the deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 in the Il2-Il21 intergenic region. These results demonstrate a new epigenetic pathway by which IL-2 production is constrained, and this may open up new avenues for modulating its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Sin
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Cassandra Zuckerman
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jessica T Cortez
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Walter L Eckalbar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Lung Biology Center and Functional Genomics Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David J Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Lung Biology Center and Functional Genomics Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael R Waterfield
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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31
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Bin Dhuban K, Bartolucci S, d'Hennezel E, Piccirillo CA. Signaling Through gp130 Compromises Suppressive Function in Human FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1532. [PMID: 31379810 PMCID: PMC6657659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) subset is an indispensable mediator of immune tolerance. While high and stable expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 is considered a hallmark feature of Treg cells, our previous studies have demonstrated that the human FOXP3+ subset is functionally heterogeneous, whereby a sizeable proportion of FOXP3+ cells in healthy individuals have a diminished capacity to suppress the proliferation and cytokine production of responder cells. Notably, these non-suppressive cells are indistinguishable from suppressive Treg cells using conventional markers of human Treg. Here we investigate potential factors that underlie loss of suppressive function in human Treg cells. We show that high expression of the IL-6 family cytokine receptor subunit gp130 identifies Treg cells with reduced suppressive capacity ex vivo and in primary FOXP3+ clones. We further show that two gp130-signaling cytokines, IL-6 and IL-27, impair the suppressive capacity of human Treg cells. Finally, we show that gp130 signaling reduces the expression of the transcription factor Helios, whose expression is essential for stable Treg function. These results highlight the role of gp130 in regulating human Treg function, and suggest that modulation of gp130 signaling may serve as a potential avenue for the therapeutic manipulation of human Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bin Dhuban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Bartolucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eva d'Hennezel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Melchor SJ, Ewald SE. Disease Tolerance in Toxoplasma Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:185. [PMID: 31245299 PMCID: PMC6563770 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a successful protozoan parasite that cycles between definitive felid hosts and a broad range of intermediate hosts, including rodents and humans. Within intermediate hosts, this obligate intracellular parasite invades the small intestine, inducing an inflammatory response. Toxoplasma infects infiltrating immune cells, using them to spread systemically and reach tissues amenable to chronic infection. An intact immune system is necessary to control life-long chronic infection. Chronic infection is characterized by formation of parasite cysts, which are necessary for survival through the gastrointestinal tract of the next host. Thus, Toxoplasma must evade sterilizing immunity, but still rely on the host's immune response for survival and transmission. To do this, Toxoplasma exploits a central cost-benefit tradeoff in immunity: the need to escalate inflammation for pathogen clearance vs. the need to limit inflammation-induced bystander damage. What are the consequences of sustained inflammation on host biology? Many studies have focused on aspects of the immune response that directly target Toxoplasma growth and survival, commonly referred to as "resistance mechanisms." However, it is becoming clear that a parallel arm of the immune response has evolved to mitigate damage caused by the parasite directly (for example, egress-induced cell death) or bystander damage due to the inflammatory response (for example, reactive nitrogen species, degranulation). These so-called "disease tolerance" mechanisms promote tissue function and host survival without directly targeting the pathogen. Here we review changes to host metabolism, tissue structure, and immune function that point to disease tolerance mechanisms during Toxoplasma infection. We explore the impact tolerance programs have on the health of the host and parasite biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E. Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology and the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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33
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Tait Wojno ED, Hunter CA, Stumhofer JS. The Immunobiology of the Interleukin-12 Family: Room for Discovery. Immunity 2019; 50:851-870. [PMID: 30995503 PMCID: PMC6472917 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of interleukin (IL)-6 and its receptor subunits provided a foundation to understand the biology of a group of related cytokines: IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27. These family members utilize shared receptors and cytokine subunits and influence the outcome of cancer, infection, and inflammatory diseases. Consequently, many facets of their biology are being therapeutically targeted. Here, we review the landmark discoveries in this field, the combinatorial biology inherent to this family, and how patient datasets have underscored the critical role of these pathways in human disease. We present significant knowledge gaps, including how similar signals from these cytokines can mediate distinct outcomes, and discuss how a better understanding of the biology of the IL-12 family provides new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia D Tait Wojno
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 235 Hungerford Hill Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 South University Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA.
| | - Jason S Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Regulatory cytokine function in the respiratory tract. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:589-600. [PMID: 30874596 PMCID: PMC7051906 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is an important site of immune regulation; required to allow protective immunity against pathogens, while minimizing tissue damage and avoiding aberrant inflammatory responses to inhaled allergens. Several cell types work in concert to control pulmonary immune responses and maintain tolerance in the respiratory tract, including regulatory and effector T cells, airway and interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells and the airway epithelium. The cytokines transforming growth factor β, interleukin (IL-) 10, IL-27, and IL-35 are key coordinators of immune regulation in tissues such as the lung. Here, we discuss the role of these cytokines during respiratory infection and allergic airway disease, highlighting the critical importance of cellular source and immunological context for the effects of these cytokines in vivo.
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35
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Jones SA, Jenkins BJ. Recent insights into targeting the IL-6 cytokine family in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:773-789. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Lin JX, Leonard WJ. The Common Cytokine Receptor γ Chain Family of Cytokines. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028449. [PMID: 29038115 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 form a family of cytokines based on their sharing the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc), which was originally discovered as the third receptor component of the IL-2 receptor, IL-2Rγ. The IL2RG gene is located on the X chromosome and is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). The breadth of the defects in XSCID could not be explained solely by defects in IL-2 signaling, and it is now clear that γc is a shared receptor component of the six cytokines noted above, making XSCID a disease of defective cytokine signaling. Janus kinase (JAK)3 associates with γc, and JAK3-deficient SCID phenocopies XSCID, findings that served to stimulate the development of JAK3 inhibitors as immunosuppressants. γc family cytokines collectively control broad aspects of lymphocyte development, growth, differentiation, and survival, and these cytokines are clinically important, related to allergic and autoimmune diseases and cancer as well as immunodeficiency. In this review, we discuss the actions of these cytokines, their critical biological roles and signaling pathways, focusing mainly on JAK/STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) signaling, and how this information is now being used in clinical therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1674
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1674
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37
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Wehrens EJ, Wong KA, Gupta A, Khan A, Benedict CA, Zuniga EI. IL-27 regulates the number, function and cytotoxic program of antiviral CD4 T cells and promotes cytomegalovirus persistence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201249. [PMID: 30044874 PMCID: PMC6059457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of IL-27 in antiviral immunity is still incompletely understood, especially in the context of chronic viruses that induce a unique environment in their infected host. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes a persistent, tissue localized infection followed by lifelong latency. CMV infects the majority of people and although asymptomatic in healthy individuals, can cause serious disease or death in those with naïve or compromised immune systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a protective CMV vaccine for people at-risk and identifying key regulators of the protective immune response towards CMV will be crucial. Here we studied mouse CMV (MCMV) in IL-27 receptor deficient animals (Il27ra-/-) to assess the role of IL-27 in regulating CMV immunity. We found that IL-27 enhanced the number of antiviral CD4 T cells upon infection. However, in contrast to a well-established role for CD4 T cells in controlling persistent replication and a positive effect of IL-27 on their numbers, IL-27 promoted MCMV persistence in the salivary gland. This coincided with IL-27 mediated induction of IL-10 production in CD4 T cells. Moreover, IL-27 reduced expression of the transcription factor T-bet and restricted a cytotoxic phenotype in antiviral CD4 T cells. This is a highly intriguing result given the profound cytotoxic phenotype of CMV-specific CD4 T cells seen in humans and we established that dendritic cell derived IL-27 was responsible for this effect. Together, these data show that IL-27 regulates the number and effector functions of MCMV-specific CD4 T cells and could be targeted to enhance control of persistent/latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J. Wehrens
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt A. Wong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Benedict
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elina I. Zuniga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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38
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Rolvering C, Zimmer AD, Ginolhac A, Margue C, Kirchmeyer M, Servais F, Hermanns HM, Hergovits S, Nazarov PV, Nicot N, Kreis S, Haan S, Behrmann I, Haan C. The PD-L1- and IL6-mediated dampening of the IL27/STAT1 anticancer responses are prevented by α-PD-L1 or α-IL6 antibodies. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:969-985. [PMID: 30040142 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1217-495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family and is predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that IL27 induces STAT factor phosphorylation in cancerous cell lines of different tissue origin. IL27 leads to STAT1 phosphorylation and recapitulates an IFN-γ-like response in the microarray analyses, with up-regulation of genes involved in antiviral defense, antigen presentation, and immune suppression. Like IFN-γ, IL27 leads to an up-regulation of TAP2 and MHC-I proteins, which mediate increased tumor immune clearance. However, both cytokines also upregulate proteins such as PD-L1 (CD274) and IDO-1, which are associated with immune escape of cancer. Interestingly, differential expression of these genes was observed within the different cell lines and when comparing IL27 to IFN-γ. In coculture experiments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, pre-treatment of the HCC cells with IL27 resulted in lowered IL2 production by anti-CD3/-CD28 activated T-lymphocytes. Addition of anti-PD-L1 antibody, however, restored IL2 secretion. The levels of other TH 1 cytokines were also enhanced or restored upon administration of anti-PD-L1. In addition, we show that the suppression of IL27 signaling by IL6-type cytokine pre-stimulation-mimicking a situation occurring, for example, in IL6-secreting tumors or in tumor inflammation-induced cachexia-can be antagonized by antibodies against IL6-type cytokines or their receptors. Therapeutically, the antitumor effects of IL27 (mediated, e.g., by increased antigen presentation) might thus be increased by combining IL27 with blocking antibodies against PD-L1 or/and IL6-type cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rolvering
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas D Zimmer
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Bioinformatics Core Facility, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christiane Margue
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie Kirchmeyer
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Florence Servais
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- University Hospital Würzburg, Medical Clinic II, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hergovits
- University Hospital Würzburg, Medical Clinic II, Division of Hepatology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Molecular Disease Mechanisms Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Iris Behrmann
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Claude Haan
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Interleukin-27R Signaling Mediates Early Viral Containment and Impacts Innate and Adaptive Immunity after Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02196-17. [PMID: 29593047 PMCID: PMC5974502 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02196-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral infections represent a major challenge to the host immune response, and a unique network of immunological elements, including cytokines, are required for their containment. By using a model persistent infection with the natural murine pathogen lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV Cl13) we investigated the role of one such cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), in the control of chronic infection. We found that IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) signaling promoted control of LCMV Cl13 as early as days 1 and 5 after infection and that il27p28 transcripts were rapidly elevated in multiple subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid cells. In particular, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), the most potent type 1 interferon (IFN-I)-producing cells, significantly increased il27p28 in a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent fashion. Notably, mice deficient in an IL-27-specific receptor, WSX-1, exhibited a pleiotropy of innate and adaptive immune alterations after chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, including compromised NK cell cytotoxicity and antibody responses. While, the majority of these immune alterations appeared to be cell extrinsic, cell-intrinsic IL-27R was necessary to maintain early pDC numbers, which, alongside lower IFN-I transcription in CD11b+ DCs and myeloid cells, may explain the compromised IFN-I elevation that we observed early after LCMV Cl13 infection in IL-27R-deficient mice. Together, these data highlight the critical role of IL-27 in enabling optimal antiviral immunity early and late after infection with a systemic persistent virus and suggest that a previously unrecognized positive-feedback loop mediated by IL-27 in pDCs might be involved in this process. IMPORTANCE Persistently replicating pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, represent major health problems worldwide. These infections impose a long-term challenge on the host immune system, which must be heavily and continuously regulated to keep pathogen replication in check without causing fatal immunopathology. Using a persistently replicating rodent pathogen, LCMV, in its natural host, we identified the cellular sources and effects of one important regulatory pathway, interleukin-27 receptor WSX-1 signaling, that is required for both very early and late restriction of chronic (but not acute) infection. We found that WSX-1 was necessary to promote innate immunity and the development of aberrant adaptive immune responses. This not only highlights the role of IL-27 receptor signaling in regulating distinct host responses that are known to be necessary to control chronic infections, but also positions IL-27 as a potential therapeutic target for their modulation.
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Thompson A, Orr SJ. Emerging IL-12 family cytokines in the fight against fungal infections. Cytokine 2018; 111:398-407. [PMID: 29793796 PMCID: PMC6299256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity. IL-27 promotes regulatory effector responses during fungal infections. IL-35 drives T cell differentiation to produce anti-inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence for IL-12 family cytokines in maintaining anti-fungal immune homeostasis.
Invasive fungal infections cause approximately 1.5 million deaths per year worldwide and are a growing threat to human health. Current anti-fungal therapies are often insufficient, therefore studies into host-pathogen interactions are critical for the development of novel therapies to improve mortality rates. Myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, express pattern recognition receptor (PRRs), which are important for fungal recognition. Engagement of these PRRs by fungal pathogens induces multiple cytokines, which in turn activate T effector responses. Interleukin (IL)-12 family members (IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35) link innate immunity with the development of adaptive immunity and are also important for regulating T cell responses. IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity, whereas emerging roles for IL-27 and IL-35 have recently been reported. Here, we discuss the IL-12 family, focusing on IL-27 and IL-35 during anti-fungal immune responses to pathogens such as Candida and Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Thompson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom.
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41
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Tong X, Chen S, Zheng H, Huang S, Lu F. Increased IL-27/IL-27R expression in association with the immunopathology of murine ocular toxoplasmosis. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2255-2263. [PMID: 29779048 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family, and IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) consists of WSX-1 (the IL-27Rα subunit) and the signal-transducing subunit gp130. Human and mouse mast cells (MCs) express the IL-27R. To explore the expressions of IL-27/IL-27R subunits (WSX-1 and gp130) during acute ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), we established mouse model by intraocular injection of 500 Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites. Histopathological changes were analyzed, MCs were counted by toluidine blue staining, and tryptase+/IL-27+ MCs were examined by immunofluorescence double-staining in the eyes and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) of T. gondii-infected mice. The mRNA expressions of IL-27p28, WSX-1, gp130, and tachyzoite specific surface antigen 1 (SAG1) in the eyes and CLNs of T. gondii-infected mice, and the expressions of WSX-1 and gp130 in the murine mastocytoma cell line P815 infected with T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro were examined by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that, after T. gondii infection, severe histopathological changes, increased numbers of total MCs and degranulated MCs, elevated expressions of IL-27p28, WSX-1, and gp130 were found in the eyes and CLNs, and significant correlations between the levels of IL-27 and SAG1 existed in the eyes and CLNs of T. gondii-infected mice. In addition, increased levels of WSX-1 and gp130 were examined in T. gondii-infected P815 cells. Our data suggested that IL-27/IL-27R expression induced by T. gondii infection may regulate MC-mediated immune response during acute OT in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tong
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huanqin Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Kanai K, Park AM, Watanabe A, Arikawa T, Yasui T, Yoshida H, Tsunoda I, Yoshie O. Murine γ-Herpesvirus 68 Induces Severe Lung Inflammation in IL-27-Deficient Mice with Liver Dysfunction Preventable by Oral Neomycin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2703-2713. [PMID: 29500240 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 is an immunoregulatory cytokine consisting of p28 and EBI3. Its receptor also has two subunits, WSX1 and gp130. Although IL-27 promotes Th1 differentiation in naive T cells, it also induces IL-10 expression in effector Th1 cells to curtail excessive immune responses. By using p28-deficient mice and WSX1-deficient mice (collectively called IL-27-deficient mice), we examined the role of IL-27 in primary infection by murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68), a murine model of EBV. Upon airway infection with MHV68, IL-27-deficient mice had more aggravated lung inflammation than wild-type mice, although MHV68 infection per se was better controlled in IL-27-deficient mice. Although epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were primarily infected by MHV68, interstitial macrophages and dendritic cells were the major producers of IL-27. The lung inflammation of IL-27-deficient mice was characterized by more IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells and fewer IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells than that of wild-type mice. An infectious mononucleosis-like disease was also aggravated in IL-27-deficient mice, with prominent splenomegaly and severe hepatitis. Infiltration of IFN-γ-producing effector cells and upregulation of the CXCR3 ligand chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were noted in the liver of MHV68-infected mice. Oral neomycin effectively ameliorated hepatitis, with decreased production of these chemokines in the liver, suggesting that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in liver inflammation through upregulation of these chemokines. Collectively, IL-27 is essential for the generation of IL-10-producing effector cells in primary infection by MHV68. Our findings may also provide new insight into the mechanism of hepatitis associated with infectious mononucleosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Kanai
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.,Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arikawa
- Division of General Education, Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Teruhito Yasui
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan; and
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshie
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; .,The Health and Kampo Institute, Sendai, Miyagi 981-3205, Japan
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43
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Zhu J, Liu JQ, Shi M, Cheng X, Ding M, Zhang JC, Davis JP, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Lu L, Pan X, Zheng P, Liu Y, Bai XF. IL-27 gene therapy induces depletion of Tregs and enhances the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98745. [PMID: 29618655 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-induced expansion of Tregs is a significant obstacle to cancer immunotherapy. However, traditional approaches to deplete Tregs are often inefficient, provoking autoimmunity. We show here that administration of IL-27-expressing recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV-IL-27) significantly inhibits tumor growth and enhances T cell responses in tumors. Strikingly, we found that AAV-IL-27 treatment causes rapid depletion of Tregs in peripheral blood, lymphoid organs, and - most pronouncedly - tumor microenvironment. AAV-IL-27-mediated Treg depletion is dependent on IL-27 receptor and Stat1 in Tregs and is a combined result of CD25 downregulation in Tregs and inhibition of IL-2 production by T cells. In combination with a GM-CSF vaccine, AAV-IL-27 treatment not only induced nearly complete tumor rejection, but also resulted in amplified neoantigen-specific T cell responses. AAV-IL-27 also dramatically increased the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy, presumably due to induction of PD-L1 in T cells and depletion of Tregs. Importantly, AAV-IL-27 therapy did not induce significant adverse events, partially due to its induction of IL-10. In a plasmacytoma mouse model, we found that IL-10 was required for AAV-IL-27-mediated tumor rejection. Thus, our study demonstrates the potential of AAV-IL-27 as an independent cancer therapeutic and as an efficient adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Min Shi
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Cheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Ding
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueliang Pan
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pan Zheng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center
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44
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Jones GW, Hill DG, Cardus A, Jones SA. IL-27: a double agent in the IL-6 family. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:37-46. [PMID: 29437229 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While IL-6 receives considerable attention in studies of innate and adaptive immunity, the IL-6-related family member IL-27 is recognized increasingly for its effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation and leucocyte effector functions. Both cytokines activate responses in myeloid and stromal tissue cells, where they direct the transition from innate to adaptive immunity. However, they are identified frequently as lymphokines that control responses in T cells and B cells. In this regard, IL-27 often opposes the action of IL-6. Here, we will review the role of IL-6 and IL-27 in inflammation, with a particular focus on inflammatory arthritis, and discuss their importance in the diagnosis, stratification and treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - D G Hill
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - A Cardus
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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45
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Peng J, Zhang H, Liu P, Chen M, Xue B, Wang R, Shou J, Qian J, Zhao Z, Xing Y, Liu H. IL-23 and IL-27 Levels in Serum are Associated with the Process and the Recovery of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2824. [PMID: 29434217 PMCID: PMC5809385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-23 and IL-27 are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, changes in these cytokines during the dynamic pathological and recovery processes of GBS are not well described. In the present study, plasma was collected from 83 patients with various stages of GBS, 70 patients with central nervous system demyelinating diseases,70 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 70 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Serum levels of IL-23, IL-27, and Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) IgM were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that serum IL-23 levels of patients during the acute phase of GBS were significantly higher followed by a decreasing trend during the recovery phase of the disease. Serum IL-27 levels significantly increased during the acute phase of GBS, and gradually increased during the recovery phase. Interestingly, both the severity and subtype of GBS were closely associated with the two cytokines. IL-23 levels were positively correlated with IL-27 levels, prognosis, and other clinical parameters. Our findings confirm that IL-23 may show pro-inflammatory effects, especially at the early stage of GBS. IL-27 appears to have a dual role in GBS, with initial pro-inflammatory effects, followed by anti-inflammatory properties during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jifei Shou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Juanfeng Qian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhikang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yanmeng Xing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
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Maia MM, Meira-Strejevitch CS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, de Hippólito DDC, Silva VO, Brandão de Mattos CC, Frederico FB, Siqueira RC, de Mattos LC. Evaluation of gene expression levels for cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 39. [PMID: 28836673 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated levels for mRNA expression of 7 cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT Group, n = 23) and chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR Group, n = 9) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii antigen. Negative controls (NC) were constituted of 7 PBMC samples from individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis. mRNA expression for cytokines was determined by qPCR. Results showed a significant increase in mRNA levels from antigen stimulated PBMCs derived from OT Group for expressing IL-6 (at P < .005 and P < .0005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively), IL-10 (at P < .0005 and P < .005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively) and TGF-β (at P < .005) for NC group. mRNA levels for TNF-α and IL-12 were also upregulated in patients with OT compared to CHR and NC individuals, although without statistical significance. Additionally, mRNA levels for IL-27 and IFN-γ in PBMC of patients with OT were upregulated in comparison with NC individuals. Differences between OT and NC groups were statistically significant at P < .05 and P < .0005, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - D D C de Hippólito
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V O Silva
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - F B Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - R C Siqueira
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - L C de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Dwyer CJ, Bayer AL, Fotino C, Yu L, Cabello-Kindelan C, Ward NC, Toomer KH, Chen Z, Malek TR. Altered homeostasis and development of regulatory T cell subsets represent an IL-2R-dependent risk for diabetes in NOD mice. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/510/eaam9563. [PMID: 29259102 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) is critical for the functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The contribution of polymorphisms in the gene encoding the IL-2 receptor α subunit (IL2RA), which are associated with type 1 diabetes, is difficult to determine because autoimmunity depends on variations in multiple genes, where the contribution of any one gene product is small. We investigated the mechanisms whereby a modest reduction in IL-2R signaling selectively in T lymphocytes influenced the development of diabetes in the NOD mouse model. The sensitivity of IL-2R signaling was reduced by about two- to threefold in Tregs from mice that coexpressed wild-type IL-2Rβ and a mutant subunit (IL-2RβY3) with reduced signaling (designated NOD-Y3). Male and female NOD-Y3 mice exhibited accelerated diabetes onset due to intrinsic effects on multiple activities in Tregs Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that IL-2RβY3 Tregs resulted in impaired homeostasis of lymphoid-residing central Tregs and inefficient development of highly activated effector Tregs and that they were less suppressive. Pancreatic IL-2RβY3 Tregs showed impaired development into IL-10-secreting effector Tregs The pancreatic lymph nodes and pancreases of NOD-Y3 mice had increased numbers of antigen-experienced CD4+ effector T cells, which was largely due to impaired Tregs, because adoptively transferred pancreatic autoantigen-specific CD4+ Foxp3- T cells from NOD-Y3 mice did not accelerate diabetes in NOD.SCID recipients. Our study indicates that the primary defect associated with chronic, mildly reduced IL-2R signaling is due to impaired Tregs that cannot effectively produce and maintain highly functional tissue-seeking effector Treg subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Allison L Bayer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carmen Fotino
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cecilia Cabello-Kindelan
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Natasha C Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin H Toomer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA. .,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Alunno A, Carubbi F, Giacomelli R, Gerli R. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: new players and therapeutic targets. BMC Rheumatol 2017; 1:3. [PMID: 30886947 PMCID: PMC6383595 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-017-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the landscape of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines has rapidly expanded with the identification of new members proven to be involved at different extent in the pathogenesis of chronic immune mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The advance of our understanding of mediators involved in the pathogenesis of RA and in consequence, the development of novel targeted therapies is necessary to provide patients not responding to currently available strategies with novel compounds. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview on recently identified cytokines, emphasizing their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential in RA. A systematic literature review was performed to retrieve articles related to every cytokine discussed in the review. In some cases, evidence from animal models and RA patients is already consistent to move forward into drug development. In others, conflicting observation and the paucity of data require further investigations.Forty years after the discovery of IL-1, the landscape of cytokines is continuously expanding with increasing possibilities to develop novel therapeutic strategies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Alunno
- 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,ASL1 Avezzano-L'Aquila-Sulmona, Department of Medicine, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article summarizes current data regarding the accuracy of pleural fluid tests assisting the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis (TBP). RECENT FINDINGS No pleural fluid test reliably rules-in TBP in settings with low TBP prevalence. Interferon-γ) alone or in combination with adenosine deaminase (ADA) is more reliable than ADA for this purpose in nonlow prevalences. ADA can reliably rule-out TBP in prevalences of less than 40% although in higher prevalences the product of interleukin-27 and ADA is the most accurate rule-out test. SUMMARY The definite diagnosis of TBP requires the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural fluid or biopsies. Because of the low sensitivity of pleural fluid cultures and the invasiveness of pleural biopsy techniques, the concept of a pleural fluid test that accurately establishes or excludes TBP diagnosis has been proposed. Numerous pleural fluid tests have been evaluated for this purpose with ADA being the most widely accepted one. During the last years, it has been demonstrated that the ability of ADA to rule-in or rule-out TBP is affected by the prevalence of TBP in the setting where the test is used. The complementary use of interferon-γ or interleukin-27 increases the ability of ADA to rule-in or rule-out the disease, respectively.
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Treg-specific IL-27Rα deletion uncovers a key role for IL-27 in Treg function to control autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10190-10195. [PMID: 28874534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated Foxp3+ Treg functions result in uncontrolled immune activation and autoimmunity. Therefore, identifying cellular factors modulating Treg functions is an area of great importance. Here, using Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice, we report that IL-27 signaling in Foxp3+ Tregs is essential for Tregs to control autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction, Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice develop more severe EAE. Consistent with the severe disease, the numbers of IFNγ- and IL-17-producing CD4 T cells infiltrating the CNS tissues are greater in these mice. Treg accumulation in the inflamed CNS tissues is not affected by the lack of IL-27 signaling in Tregs, suggesting a functional defect of Il27ra-/- Tregs. IL-10 production by conventional CD4 T cells and their CNS accumulation are rather elevated in Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice. Analysis with Treg fate-mapping reporter mice further demonstrates that IL-27 signaling in Tregs may control stability of Foxp3 expression. Finally, systemic administration of recombinant IL-27 in Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice fails to ameliorate the disease even in the presence of IL-27-responsive conventional CD4 T cells. These findings uncover a previously unknown role of IL-27 in regulating Treg function to control autoimmune inflammation.
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