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Nilchan N, Kraivong R, Luangaram P, Phungsom A, Tantiwatcharakunthon M, Traewachiwiphak S, Prommool T, Punyadee N, Avirutnan P, Duangchinda T, Malasit P, Puttikhunt C. An Engineered N-Glycosylated Dengue Envelope Protein Domain III Facilitates Epitope-Directed Selection of Potently Neutralizing and Minimally Enhancing Antibodies. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2690-2704. [PMID: 38943594 PMCID: PMC11320570 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The envelope protein of dengue virus (DENV) is a primary target of the humoral immune response. The domain III of the DENV envelope protein (EDIII) is known to be the target of multiple potently neutralizing antibodies. One such antibody is 3H5, a mouse antibody that binds strongly to EDIII and potently neutralizes DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) with unusually minimal antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). To selectively display the binding epitope of 3H5, we strategically modified DENV-2 EDIII by shielding other known epitopes with engineered N-glycosylation sites. The modifications resulted in a glycosylated EDIII antigen termed "EDIII mutant N". This antigen was successfully used to sift through a dengue-immune scFv-phage library to select for scFv antibodies that bind to or closely surround the 3H5 epitope. The selected scFv antibodies were expressed as full-length human antibodies and showed potent neutralization activity to DENV-2 with low or negligible ADE resembling 3H5. These findings not only demonstrate the capability of the N-glycosylated EDIII mutant N as a tool to drive an epitope-directed antibody selection campaign but also highlight its potential as a dengue immunogen. This glycosylated antigen shows promise in focusing the antibody response toward a potently neutralizing epitope while reducing the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napon Nilchan
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Romchat Kraivong
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Prasit Luangaram
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Anunyaporn Phungsom
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Mongkhonphan Tantiwatcharakunthon
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somchoke Traewachiwiphak
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Tanapan Prommool
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nuntaya Punyadee
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Division
of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj
Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Division
of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj
Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Medical
Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Siriraj
Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Division
of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj
Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Medical
Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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2
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Tang Z, Lu Y, Dong JL, Wu W, Li J. The extracellular vesicles in HIV infection and progression: mechanisms, and theranostic implications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1376455. [PMID: 38655385 PMCID: PMC11035885 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1376455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), these minute yet mighty cellular messengers are redefining our understanding of a spectrum of diseases, from cancer to cardiovascular ailments, neurodegenerative disorders, and even infectious diseases like HIV. Central to cellular communication, EVs emerge as both potent facilitators and insightful biomarkers in immune response and the trajectory of disease progression. This review ventures deep into the realm of EVs in HIV-unraveling their pivotal roles in diagnosis, disease mechanism unravelling, and therapeutic innovation. With a focus on HIV, we will highlights the transformative potential of EVs in both diagnosing and treating this formidable virus. Unveiling the intricate dance between EVs and HIV, the review aims to shed light on novel therapeutic strategies that could significantly benefit HIV therapy, potentially even leading to the eradication of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tang
- AIDS Prevention and Control Center of Yichang Third People’s Hospital, Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Sanxia University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Yichang Changyang County People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jiu-Long Dong
- AIDS Prevention and Control Center of Yichang Third People’s Hospital, Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Sanxia University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Wu
- AIDS Prevention and Control Center of Yichang Third People’s Hospital, Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Sanxia University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Li
- AIDS Prevention and Control Center of Yichang Third People’s Hospital, Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Sanxia University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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3
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Bedran G, Polasky DA, Hsiao Y, Yu F, da Veiga Leprevost F, Alfaro JA, Cieslik M, Nesvizhskii AI. Unraveling the glycosylated immunopeptidome with HLA-Glyco. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3461. [PMID: 37308510 PMCID: PMC10258777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in targeted therapies has been sparked by the study of MHC-associated peptides (MAPs) that undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly glycosylation. In this study, we introduce a fast computational workflow that merges the MSFragger-Glyco search algorithm with a false discovery rate control for glycopeptide analysis from mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidome data. By analyzing eight large-scale publicly available studies, we find that glycosylated MAPs are predominantly presented by MHC class II. Here, we present HLA-Glyco, a comprehensive resource containing over 3,400 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II N-glycopeptides from 1,049 distinct protein glycosylation sites. This resource provides valuable insights, including high levels of truncated glycans, conserved HLA-binding cores, and differences in glycosylation positional specificity between HLA allele groups. We integrate the workflow within the FragPipe computational platform and provide HLA-Glyco as a free web resource. Overall, our work provides a valuable tool and resource to aid the nascent field of glyco-immunopeptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Bedran
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel A Polasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Hsiao
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fengchao Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Javier A Alfaro
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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5
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Chang D, Zaia J. Methods to improve quantitative glycoprotein coverage from bottom-up LC-MS data. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:922-937. [PMID: 33764573 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation, methods development, and bioinformatics have greatly improved the ease and accuracy of site-specific, quantitative glycoproteomics analysis. Data-dependent acquisition is the most popular method for identification and quantification of glycopeptides; however, complete coverage of glycosylation site glycoforms remains elusive with this method. Targeted acquisition methods improve the precision and accuracy of quantification, but at the cost of throughput and discoverability. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) holds great promise for more complete and highly quantitative site-specific glycoproteomics analysis, while maintaining the ability to discover novel glycopeptides without prior knowledge. We review additional features that can be used to increase selectivity and coverage to the DIA workflow: retention time modeling, which would simplify the interpretation of complex tandem mass spectra, and ion mobility separation, which would maximize the sampling of all precursors at a giving chromatographic retention time. The instrumentation and bioinformatics to incorporate these features into glycoproteomics analysis exist. These improvements in quantitative, site-specific analysis will enable researchers to assess glycosylation similarity in related biological systems, answering new questions about the interplay between glycosylation state and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Zhang XL, Qu H. The Role of Glycosylation in Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:219-237. [PMID: 34495538 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays an important role in infectious diseases. Many important interactions between pathogens and hosts involve their carbohydrate structures (glycans). Glycan interactions can mediate adhesion, recognition, invasion, and immune evasion of pathogens. To date, changes in many protein N/O-linked glycosylation have been identified as biomarkers for the development of infectious diseases and cancers. In this review, we will discuss the principal findings and the roles of glycosylation of both pathogens and host cells in the context of human important infectious diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of glycan-lectin interaction between pathogens and hosts may create a new paradigm for discovering novel glycan-based therapies that can lead to eradication or functional cure of pathogens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haoran Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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7
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Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus subtype 1 (HIV-1) bind to its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Half of the molecular mass of Env is carbohydrate making it one of the most heavily glycosylated proteins known in nature. HIV-1 Env glycans are derived from the host and present a formidable challenge for host anti-glycan antibody induction. Anti-glycan antibody induction is challenging because anti-HIV-1 glycan antibodies should recognize Env antigen while not acquiring autoreactivity. Thus, the glycan network on HIV-1 Env is referred to as the glycan shield. Despite the challenges presented by immune recognition of host-derived glycans, neutralizing antibodies capable of binding the glycans on HIV-1 Env can be generated by the host immune system in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In particular, a cluster of high mannose glycans, including an N-linked glycan at position 332, form the high mannose patch and are targeted by a variety of broadly neutralizing antibodies. These high mannose patch-directed HIV-1 antibodies can be categorized into distinct categories based on their antibody paratope structure, neutralization activity, and glycan and peptide reactivity. Below we will compare and contrast each of these classes of HIV-1 glycan-dependent antibodies and describe vaccine design efforts to elicit each of these antibody types.
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8
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Lumngwena EN, Shuping L, Bernitz N, Woodman Z. HIV-1 subtype C Envelope function becomes less sensitive to N-glycosylation deletion during disease progression. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:340. [PMID: 31208438 PMCID: PMC6580609 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As part of a larger study to understand how Envelope N-glycosylation influences HIV-1 pathogenesis, we selected a participant infected with a single Subtype C variant and determined whether deletion of specific potential N-glycan sites (PNGs) impacted Envelope function longitudinally. Results We deleted five PNGs previously linked to HIV-1 transmission of two matched Envelope clones representing variants at 5 and 173 weeks post-infection. The transmitted founder (TF) had significantly better pseudovirus entry efficiency than the chronic infection (CI) variant. Deletion of all PNGs significantly reduced TF entry efficiency, binding to dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule 3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) receptor and trans-infection. However, mutational analysis did not affect the phenotype of the CI Envelope to the same extent. Notably, deletion of the PNGs at N241 and N448 had no effect on CI Envelope function, suggesting that some PNGs might only be important during acute infection. Therefore, vaccines that elicit antibodies against N-glycans important for TF Envelope function could drive the loss of PNGs during immune escape, abrogating viral replication. Conversely, changes in N-glycosylation might have no effect on some variants, reducing vaccine efficacy. This finding highlights the need for further investigation into the role of Envelope N-glycosylation in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ngwa Lumngwena
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections (CREMER), Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation (MINRESI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Liliwe Shuping
- Division of the National Laboratory Service, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Netanya Bernitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Zenda Woodman
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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9
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Sun L, Ishihara M, Middleton DR, Tiemeyer M, Avci FY. Metabolic labeling of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to elucidate the effect of gp120 glycosylation on antigen uptake. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15178-15194. [PMID: 30115684 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycan shield on the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1 has drawn immense attention as a vulnerable site for broadly neutralizing antibodies and for its significant impact on host adaptive immune response to HIV-1. Glycosylation sites and glycan composition/structure at each site on gp120 along with the interactions of gp120 glycan shield with broadly neutralizing antibodies have been extensively studied. However, a method for directly and selectively tracking gp120 glycans has been lacking. Here, we integrate metabolic labeling and click chemistry technology with recombinant gp120 expression to demonstrate that gp120 glycans could be specifically labeled and directly detected. Selective labeling of gp120 by N-azidoacetylmannosamine (ManNAz) and N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz) incorporation into the gp120 glycan shield was characterized by MS of tryptic glycopeptides. By using metabolically labeled gp120, we investigated the impact of gp120 glycosylation on its interaction with host cells and demonstrated that oligomannose enrichment and sialic acid deficiency drastically enhanced gp120 uptake by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Collectively, our data reveal an effective labeling and detection method for gp120, serving as a tool for functional characterization of the gp120 glycans and potentially other glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine and
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Dustin R Middleton
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine and
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine and .,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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10
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Schiffner T, Pallesen J, Russell RA, Dodd J, de Val N, LaBranche CC, Montefiori D, Tomaras GD, Shen X, Harris SL, Moghaddam AE, Kalyuzhniy O, Sanders RW, McCoy LE, Moore JP, Ward AB, Sattentau QJ. Structural and immunologic correlates of chemically stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006986. [PMID: 29746590 PMCID: PMC5944921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing broad spectrum neutralizing antibodies against challenging pathogens such as HIV-1 is a major vaccine design goal, but may be hindered by conformational instability within viral envelope glycoproteins (Env). Chemical cross-linking is widely used for vaccine antigen stabilization, but how this process affects structure, antigenicity and immunogenicity is poorly understood and its use remains entirely empirical. We have solved the first cryo-EM structure of a cross-linked vaccine antigen. The 4.2 Å structure of HIV-1 BG505 SOSIP soluble recombinant Env in complex with a CD4 binding site-specific broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) Fab fragment reveals how cross-linking affects key properties of the trimer. We observed density corresponding to highly specific glutaraldehyde (GLA) cross-links between gp120 monomers at the trimer apex and between gp120 and gp41 at the trimer interface that had strikingly little impact on overall trimer conformation, but critically enhanced trimer stability and improved Env antigenicity. Cross-links were also observed within gp120 at sites associated with the N241/N289 glycan hole that locally modified trimer antigenicity. In immunogenicity studies, the neutralizing antibody response to cross-linked trimers showed modest but significantly greater breadth against a global panel of difficult-to-neutralize Tier-2 heterologous viruses. Moreover, the specificity of autologous Tier-2 neutralization was modified away from the N241/N289 glycan hole, implying a novel specificity. Finally, we have investigated for the first time T helper cell responses to next-generation soluble trimers, and report on vaccine-relevant immunodominant responses to epitopes within BG505 that are modified by cross-linking. Elucidation of the structural correlates of a cross-linked viral glycoprotein will allow more rational use of this methodology for vaccine design, and reveals a strategy with promise for eliciting neutralizing antibodies needed for an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/chemistry
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions/immunology
- Cross-Linking Reagents
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- HIV Antibodies/immunology
- HIV Antigens/chemistry
- HIV Antigens/immunology
- HIV Antigens/ultrastructure
- HIV-1/chemistry
- HIV-1/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/chemistry
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Stability
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Rabbits
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Schiffner
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Pallesen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A Russell
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Dodd
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy (CMM), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scarlett L Harris
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amin E Moghaddam
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Quentin J Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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S. Coulibaly F, N. Thomas D, C. Youan BB. Anti-HIV lectins and current delivery strategies. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2018.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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12
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Hafstrand I, Badia-Martinez D, Josey BJ, Norström M, Buratto J, Pellegrino S, Duru AD, Sandalova T, Achour A. Crystal structures of H-2Db in complex with the LCMV-derived peptides GP92 and GP392 explain pleiotropic effects of glycosylation on antigen presentation and immunogenicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189584. [PMID: 29253009 PMCID: PMC5734757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications significantly broaden the epitope repertoire for major histocompatibility class I complexes (MHC-I) and may allow viruses to escape immune recognition. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of H-2b mice generates CD8+ CTL responses directed towards several MHC-I-restricted epitopes including the peptides GP92 (CSANNSHHYI) and GP392 (WLVTNGSYL), both with a N-glycosylation site. Interestingly, glycosylation has different effects on the immunogenicity and association capacity of these two epitopes to H-2Db. To assess the structural bases underlying these functional results, we determined the crystal structures of H-2Db in complex with GP92 (CSANNSHHYI) and GP392 (WLVTNGSYL) to 2.4 and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively. The structures reveal that while glycosylation of GP392 most probably impairs binding, the glycosylation of the asparagine residue in GP92, which protrudes towards the solvent, possibly allows for immune escape and/or forms a neo-epitope that may select for a different set of CD8 T cells. Altogether, the presented results provide a structural platform underlying the effects of post-translational modifications on epitope binding and/or immunogenicity, resulting in viral immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hafstrand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Badia-Martinez
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin John Josey
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United State of America
- College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United State of America
| | - Melissa Norström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Buratto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezinone Chimica Generale e Organica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Adil Doganay Duru
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United State of America
- College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United State of America
| | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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13
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Coronado L, Liniger M, Muñoz-González S, Postel A, Pérez LJ, Pérez-Simó M, Perera CL, Frías-Lepoureau MT, Rosell R, Grundhoff A, Indenbirken D, Alawi M, Fischer N, Becher P, Ruggli N, Ganges L. Novel poly-uridine insertion in the 3'UTR and E2 amino acid substitutions in a low virulent classical swine fever virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:103-112. [PMID: 28284595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the virulence in weaner pigs of the Pinar del Rio isolate and the virulent Margarita strain. The latter caused the Cuban classical swine fever (CSF) outbreak of 1993. Our results showed that the Pinar del Rio virus isolated during an endemic phase is clearly of low virulence. We analysed the complete nucleotide sequence of the Pinar del Rio virus isolated after persistence in newborn piglets, as well as the genome sequence of the inoculum. The consensus genome sequence of the Pinar del Rio virus remained completely unchanged after 28days of persistent infection in swine. More importantly, a unique poly-uridine tract was discovered in the 3'UTR of the Pinar del Rio virus, which was not found in the Margarita virus or any other known CSFV sequences. Based on RNA secondary structure prediction, the poly-uridine tract results in a long single-stranded intervening sequence (SS) between the stem-loops I and II of the 3'UTR, without major changes in the stem- loop structures when compared to the Margarita virus. The possible implications of this novel insertion on persistence and attenuation remain to be investigated. In addition, comparison of the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins Erns, E1, E2 and p7 of the Margarita and Pinar del Rio viruses showed that all non-conservative amino acid substitutions acquired by the Pinar del Rio isolate clustered in E2, with two of them being located within the B/C domain. Immunisation and cross-neutralisation experiments in pigs and rabbits suggest differences between these two viruses, which may be attributable to the amino acid differences observed in E2. Altogether, these data provide fresh insights into viral molecular features which might be associated with the attenuation and adaptation of CSFV for persistence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), La Habana, Cuba; IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Matthias Liniger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alexander Postel
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosa Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departamentd'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi Natural, (DAAM), Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany; Bioinformatics Service Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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14
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Ren Y, Min YQ, Liu M, Chi L, Zhao P, Zhang XL. N-glycosylation-mutated HCV envelope glycoprotein complex enhances antigen-presenting activity and cellular and neutralizing antibody responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1764-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Broomfield A, Jones SA, Hughes SM, Bigger BW. The impact of the immune system on the safety and efficiency of enzyme replacement therapy in lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:499-512. [PMID: 26883220 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the light of clinical experience in infantile onset Pompe patients, the immunological impact on the tolerability and long-term efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for lysosomal storage disorders has come under renewed scrutiny. This article details the currently proposed immunological mechanisms involved in the development of anti-drug antibodies and the current therapies used in their treatment. Given the current understanding of the adaptive immune response, it focuses particularly on T cell dependent mechanisms and the paradigm of using lymphocytic negative selection as a predictor of antibody formation. This concept originally postulated in the 1970s, stipulated that the genotypically determined lack of production or production of a variant protein determines an individual's lymphocytic repertoire. This in turn is the key factor in determining the potential severity of an individual's immunological response to ERT. It also highlights the need for immunological assay standardization particularly those looking at describing the degree of functional impact, robust biochemical or clinical endpoints and detailed patient subgroup identification if the true evaluations of impact are to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Broomfield
- Willink Biochemical genetics unit, Manchester center for genomic medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - S A Jones
- Willink Biochemical genetics unit, Manchester center for genomic medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - S M Hughes
- Department of Immunology, Royal Manchester children's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - B W Bigger
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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16
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Structural analysis of a novel rabbit monoclonal antibody R53 targeting an epitope in HIV-1 gp120 C4 region critical for receptor and co-receptor binding. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e44. [PMID: 26251831 PMCID: PMC4522616 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The fourth conserved region (C4) in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120 is a structural element that is important for its function, as it binds to both the receptor CD4 and the co-receptor CCR5/CXCR4. It has long been known that this region is highly immunogenic and that it harbors B-cell as well as T-cell epitopes. It is the target of a number of antibodies in animal studies, which are called CD4-blockers. However, the mechanism by which the virus shields itself from such antibody responses is not known. Here, we determined the crystal structure of R53 in complex with its epitope peptide using a novel anti-C4 rabbit monoclonal antibody R53. Our data show that although the epitope of R53 covers a highly conserved sequence (433)AMYAPPI(439), it is not available in the gp120 trimer and in the CD4-bound conformation. Our results suggest a masking mechanism to explain how HIV-1 protects this critical region from the human immune system.
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17
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Nguyen HNP, Steede NK, Robinson JE, Landry SJ. Conformational instability governed by disulfide bonds partitions the dominant from subdominant helper T-cell responses specific for HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Vaccine 2015; 33:2887-96. [PMID: 25944298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) generate a CD4(+) T-cell response that is dominated by a few epitopes. Immunodominance may be counterproductive because a broad CD4(+) T-cell response is associated with reduced viral load. Previous studies indicated that antigen three-dimensional structure controls antigen processing and presentation and therefore CD4(+) T-cell epitope dominance. Dominant epitopes occur adjacent to the V1-V2, V3, and V4 loops because proteolytic antigen processing in the loops promotes presentation of adjacent sequences. In this study, three gp120 (strain JR-FL) variants were constructed, in which deletions of single outer-domain disulfide bonds were expected to introduce local conformational flexibility and promote presentation of additional CD4(+) T-cell epitopes. Following mucosal immunization of C57BL/6 mice with wild-type or variant gp120 lacking the V3-flanking disulfide bond, the typical pattern of dominant epitopes was observed, suggesting that the disulfide bond posed no barrier to antigen presentation. In mice that lacked gamma interferon-inducible lysosomal thioreductase (GILT), proliferative responses to the typically dominant epitopes of gp120 were selectively depressed, and the dominance pattern was rearranged. Deletion of the V3-flanking disulfide bond or one of the V4-flanking disulfide bonds partially restored highly proliferative responses to the typically dominant epitopes. These results reveal an acute dependence of dominant CD4(+) T-cell responses on the native gp120 conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Nam P Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - N Kalaya Steede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samuel J Landry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Pan W, Chan YS, Yin C, Dan X, Ng TB. Marine lectins and their medicinal applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3755-73. [PMID: 25794876 PMCID: PMC7080081 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have been extensively explored for the last several decades as potential sources of novel biologically active compounds, and extensive research has been conducted on lectins. Lectins derived from marine organisms are structurally diverse and also differ from those identified from terrestrial organisms. Marine lectins appear to be particularly useful in some biological applications. They seem to induce negligible immunogenicity because they have a relatively small size, are more stable due to extensive disulfide bridge formation, and have high specificity for complex glyco-conjugates and carbohydrates instead of simple sugars. It is clear that many of them have not yet been extensively studied when compared with their terrestrial counterparts. Marine lectins can be used to design and develop new potentially useful therapeutic agents. This review encompasses recent research on the isolation and identification of marine lectins with potential value in medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Tedbury PR, Freed EO. The cytoplasmic tail of retroviral envelope glycoproteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 129:253-84. [PMID: 25595807 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Retroviruses comprise a large, diverse group that infects a broad range of host organisms. Pathogenicity varies widely; the human immunodeficiency virus is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, one of the world's leading infectious causes of death, while many nonhuman retroviruses cause cancer in the host. Retroviruses have been studied intensively, and great strides have been made in understanding aspects of retroviral biology. While the principal functions of the viral structural proteins are well understood, there remain many incompletely characterized domains. One of these is the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the envelope glycoprotein. Several functions of the CT are highly conserved, whereas other properties are unique to a specific retrovirus. For example, the lentiviruses encode envelope glycoproteins with particularly large cytoplasmic domains. The functions of the long lentiviral envelope CT are still being deciphered. The reported functions of retroviral envelope CTs are discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Tedbury
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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20
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Shi SH, Yang WT, Yang GL, Cong YL, Huang HB, Wang Q, Cai RP, Ye LP, Hu JT, Zhou JY, Wang CF, Li Y. Immunoprotection against influenza virus H9N2 by the oral administration of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum NC8 expressing hemagglutinin in BALB/c mice. Virology 2014; 464-465:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Raska M, Czernekova L, Moldoveanu Z, Zachova K, Elliott MC, Novak Z, Hall S, Hoelscher M, Maboko L, Brown R, Smith PD, Mestecky J, Novak J. Differential glycosylation of envelope gp120 is associated with differential recognition of HIV-1 by virus-specific antibodies and cell infection. AIDS Res Ther 2014; 11:23. [PMID: 25120578 PMCID: PMC4130436 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 entry into host cells is mediated by interactions between the virus envelope glycoprotein (gp120/gp41) and host-cell receptors. N-glycans represent approximately 50% of the molecular mass of gp120 and serve as potential antigenic determinants and/or as a shield against immune recognition. We previously reported that N-glycosylation of recombinant gp120 varied, depending on the producer cells, and the glycosylation variability affected gp120 recognition by serum antibodies from persons infected with HIV-1 subtype B. However, the impact of gp120 differential glycosylation on recognition by broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or by polyclonal antibodies of individuals infected with other HIV-1 subtypes is unknown. METHODS Recombinant multimerizing gp120 antigens were expressed in different cells, HEK 293T, T-cell, rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. Binding of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies from sera of subtype A/C HIV-1-infected subjects with individual gp120 glycoforms was assessed by ELISA. In addition, immunodetection was performed using Western and dot blot assays. Recombinant gp120 glycoforms were tested for inhibition of infection of reporter cells by SF162 and YU.2 Env-pseudotyped R5 viruses. RESULTS We demonstrated, using ELISA, that gp120 glycans sterically adjacent to the V3 loop only moderately contribute to differential recognition of a short apex motif GPGRA and GPGR by monoclonal antibodies F425 B4e8 and 447-52D, respectively. The binding of antibodies recognizing longer peptide motifs overlapping with GPGR epitope (268 D4, 257 D4, 19b) was significantly altered. Recognition of gp120 glycoforms by monoclonal antibodies specific for other than V3-loop epitopes was significantly affected by cell types used for gp120 expression. These epitopes included CD4-binding site (VRC03, VRC01, b12), discontinuous epitope involving V1/V2 loop with the associated glycans (PG9, PG16), and an epitope including V3-base-, N332 oligomannose-, and surrounding glycans-containing epitope (PGT 121). Moreover, the different gp120 glycoforms variably inhibited HIV-1 infection of reporter cells. CONCLUSION Our data support the hypothesis that the glycosylation machinery of different cells shapes gp120 glycosylation and, consequently, impacts envelope recognition by specific antibodies as well as the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 with cellular receptors. These findings underscore the importance of selection of appropriately glycosylated HIV-1 envelope as a vaccine antigen.
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Cenci A, D'Avenio G, Tavoschi L, Chiappi M, Becattini S, Narino MDP, Picconi O, Bernasconi D, Fanales-Belasio E, Vardas E, Sukati H, Lo Presti A, Ciccozzi M, Monini P, Ensoli B, Grigioni M, Buttò S. Molecular characterization of HIV-1 subtype C gp-120 regions potentially involved in virus adaptive mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95183. [PMID: 24788065 PMCID: PMC4005737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of variable regions of HIV-1 gp120 in immune escape of HIV has been investigated. However, there is scant information on how conserved gp120 regions contribute to virus escaping. Here we have studied how molecular sequence characteristics of conserved C3, C4 and V3 regions of clade C HIV-1 gp120 that are involved in HIV entry and are target of the immune response, are modulated during the disease course. We found an increase of “shifting” putative N-glycosylation sites (PNGSs) in the α2 helix (in C3) and in C4 and an increase of sites under positive selection pressure in the α2 helix during the chronic stage of disease. These sites are close to CD4 and to co-receptor binding sites. We also found a negative correlation between electric charges of C3 and V4 during the late stage of disease counteracted by a positive correlation of electric charges of α2 helix and V5 during the same stage. These data allow us to hypothesize possible mechanisms of virus escape involving constant and variable regions of gp120. In particular, new mutations, including new PNGSs occurring near the CD4 and CCR5 binding sites could potentially affect receptor binding affinity and shield the virus from the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe D'Avenio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Technology and Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lara Tavoschi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Chiappi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Orietta Picconi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Eftyhia Vardas
- Stellenbosch University, Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hosea Sukati
- National Center Public Health Laboratory, Manzini, Swaziland
| | - Alessandra Lo Presti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Rome, Italy; University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Monini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ensoli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Grigioni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Technology and Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Buttò
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, Italy
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23
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Ho YS, Saksena NK. Glycosylation in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and its biological implications. Future Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of HIV-1 envelope proteins (Env gp120/gp41) plays a vital role in viral evasion from the host immune response, which occurs through the masking of key neutralization epitopes and the presentation of the Env glycosylation as ‘self’ to the host immune system. Env glycosylation is generally conserved, yet its continual evolution plays an important role in modulating viral infectivity and Env immunogenicity. Thus, it is believed that Env glycosylation, which is a vital part of the HIV-1 architecture, also controls intra- and inter-clade genetic variations. Discerning intra- and inter-clade glycosylation variations could therefore yield important information for understanding the molecular and biological differences between HIV clades and may assist in effectively designing Env-based immunogens and in clearly understanding HIV vaccines. This review provides an in-depth perspective of various aspects of Env glycosylation in the context of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Shwen Ho
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological & Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nitin K Saksena
- Retroviral Genetics Division, Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Instiute & Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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24
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Kumar R, Visciano ML, Li H, Hioe C. Targeting a Neutralizing Epitope of HIV Envelope Gp120 by Immune Complex Vaccine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; S8. [PMID: 22891160 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.s8-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There are formidable challenges in developing HIV vaccines that elicit potent neutralizing antibodies against a broad array of HIV-1 isolates. The key targets for these neutralizing antibodies are the viral envelope antigens gp120 and gp41. Although broadly reactive neutralizing epitopes on gp120 and gp41 have been mapped and studied extensively, these epitopes are poorly immunogenic. Indeed, various vaccine candidates tested in preclinical and clinical trials do not generate antibodies against these epitopes. Hence, novel immunogen designs to augment the immunogenicity of these neutralizing epitopes are wanted. In this review, a unique immunogen design strategy that exploits immune complexes of gp120 and selected anti-gp120 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to elicit neutralizing antibodies against cross-reactive V3 epitopes is discussed. The ability of these complexes to stimulate neutralizing antibodies is dictated by fine specificity and affinity of mAbs used to form the complexes, indicating the contribution of Fab-mediated activity, rather than conventional Fc-mediated enhancement. Further improvement of V3 immunogenicity is attainable by forming immune complexes with gp120 mutants lacking site-specific N-linked glycans. The increased V3 immunogenicity on the mutated gp120/mAb complexes correlates with enhancement of in vitro antibody recognition (antigenicity) and proteolytic resistance of V3 epitopes when presented on the complexes. These insights should provide guidelines for the development of more potent immunogens that target not only the prototypic V3 epitopes but also other broadly reactive epitopes on the HIV envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Gavrilov BK, Rogers K, Fernandez-Sainz IJ, Holinka LG, Borca MV, Risatti GR. Effects of glycosylation on antigenicity and immunogenicity of classical swine fever virus envelope proteins. Virology 2011; 420:135-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rambaruth NDS, Dwek MV. Cell surface glycan-lectin interactions in tumor metastasis. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:591-600. [PMID: 21501858 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of secondary cancers, metastases, requires that a multitude of events are completed in an ordered and sequential manner. This review focuses on the role of cell surface glycans and their binding partners in the metastatic process. A common feature of metastasis is that the steps require adhesive interactions; many of these are mediated by cell surface glycans and their interactions with endogenous carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins). Aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation and the glycans involved influence the adhesive interactions of cancer cells often providing favorable conditions for tumor dissemination. This review focuses on glycans on the cancer cell surface and their association with endogenous lectins. In particular, E-cadherin and siglec-mediated disaggregation of tumor cells from the primary tumor mass; integrins, laminin and CD44-mediated invasion and migration of tumor cells through the connective tissue; the involvement of heparan sulphate in tumor angiogenesis and C-/S-type lectin interactions with the vasculature. The potential role of glycans in cancer cell evasion of immune surveillance is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neela D S Rambaruth
- Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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Kumar R, Tuen M, Li H, Tse DB, Hioe CE. Improving immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope gp120 by glycan removal and immune complex formation. Vaccine 2011; 29:9064-74. [PMID: 21945958 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp120 is an important target for neutralizing antibody (Ab) responses against the virus; however, developing gp120 vaccines that elicit potent and broad neutralizing Abs has proven to be a formidable challenge. Previously, removal of an N-linked glycan at residue 448 by an N to Q mutation (N448Q) has been found to enhance the in vitro antigenicity of neutralizing epitopes in the V3 loop. In this study the mutated gp120 was first compared with wild type gp120 for immunogenicity in mice using a DNA prime and protein boost immunization regimen. The N448Q mutant did not elicit higher titers of anti-gp120 serum Abs and failed to generate anti-V3 Abs. The sera also had no virus-neutralizing activity, even though the mutant induced higher levels of lymphoproliferation and cytokine production. Subsequently, the N448Q mutant was used to construct an immune complex vaccine with the anti-CD4 binding site monoclonal antibody (mAb) 654. The N448Q/654 complex stimulated comparably high levels of serum Abs to gp120 and V3 as the wild type complex. However, Abs against the C1 and C2 regions in the gp120 core were more elevated. Importantly, the mutant complex also elicited higher titers of neutralizing Abs activity than the wild type counterpart. Similar results were achieved with a complex made with gp120 bearing an N448E mutation, confirming the importance of the N448-linked glycan in modulating gp120 immunogenicity. Neutralizing activity was directed to V3 and other undefined neutralizing epitopes. Improved immunogenicity of the immune complexes correlated with alterations in exposure of V3 and other Ab epitopes and their stability against proteases. These data demonstrate the advantage of combining site-specific N-glycan removal and immune complex formation as a novel vaccine strategy to improve immunogenicity of targeted Ab epitopes on critical regions of HIV-1 gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Checkley MA, Luttge BG, Freed EO. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein biosynthesis, trafficking, and incorporation. J Mol Biol 2011; 410:582-608. [PMID: 21762802 PMCID: PMC3139147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins play an essential role in the virus replication cycle by mediating the fusion between viral and cellular membranes during the entry process. The Env glycoproteins are synthesized as a polyprotein precursor (gp160) that is cleaved by cellular proteases to the mature surface glycoprotein gp120 and the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. During virus assembly, the gp120/gp41 complex is incorporated as heterotrimeric spikes into the lipid bilayer of nascent virions. These gp120/gp41 complexes then initiate the infection process by binding receptor and coreceptor on the surface of target cells. Much is currently known about the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein trafficking pathway and the structure of gp120 and the extracellular domain of gp41. However, the mechanism by which the Env glycoprotein complex is incorporated into virus particles remains incompletely understood. Genetic data support a major role for the cytoplasmic tail of gp41 and the matrix domain of Gag in Env glycoprotein incorporation. Still to be defined are the identities of host cell factors that may promote Env incorporation and the role of specific membrane microdomains in this process. Here, we review our current understanding of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein trafficking and incorporation into virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Checkley
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Benjamin G. Luttge
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702
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Hager-Braun C, Hochleitner EO, Gorny MK, Zolla-Pazner S, Bienstock RJ, Tomer KB. Characterization of a discontinuous epitope of the HIV envelope protein gp120 recognized by a human monoclonal antibody using chemical modification and mass spectrometric analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1687-1698. [PMID: 20434359 PMCID: PMC3008351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A subset of the neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies recognize epitopes on the envelope protein gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus. These epitopes are exposed during conformational changes when gp120 binds to its primary receptor CD4. Based on chemical modification of lysine and arginine residues followed by mass spectrometric analysis, we determined the epitope on gp120 recognized by the human monoclonal antibody 559/64-D, which was previously found to be specific for the CD4 binding domain. Twenty-four lysine and arginine residues in recombinant full-length glycosylated gp120 were characterized; the relative reactivities of two lysine residues and five arginine residues were affected by the binding of 559/64-D. The data show that the epitope is discontinuous and is located in the proximity of the CD4-binding site. Additionally, the reactivities of a residue that is located in the secondary receptor binding region and several residues distant from the CD4 binding site were also altered by Ab binding. These data suggest that binding of 559/64-D induced conformational changes which result in altered surface exposure of specific amino acids distant from the CD4-binding site. Consequently, binding of 559/64-D to gp120 affects not only the CD4-binding site, which is recognized as the epitope, but appears to have a global effect on surface exposed residues of the full-length glycosylated gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hager-Braun
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Sciences, 111 TW. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Elisabeth O. Hochleitner
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Sciences, 111 TW. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Miroslaw K. Gorny
- New York University School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, 423 East 23rd Street, New York, NY10010, USA
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- New York University School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, 423 East 23rd Street, New York, NY10010, USA
| | - Rachelle J. Bienstock
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Sciences, 111 TW. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Sciences, 111 TW. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Raska M, Takahashi K, Czernekova L, Zachova K, Hall S, Moldoveanu Z, Elliott MC, Wilson L, Brown R, Jancova D, Barnes S, Vrbkova J, Tomana M, Smith PD, Mestecky J, Renfrow MB, Novak J. Glycosylation patterns of HIV-1 gp120 depend on the type of expressing cells and affect antibody recognition. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20860-9. [PMID: 20439465 PMCID: PMC2898351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.085472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry is mediated by the interaction between a variably glycosylated envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and host-cell receptors. Approximately half of the molecular mass of gp120 is contributed by N-glycans, which serve as potential epitopes and may shield gp120 from immune recognition. The role of gp120 glycans in the host immune response to HIV-1 has not been comprehensively studied at the molecular level. We developed a new approach to characterize cell-specific gp120 glycosylation, the regulation of glycosylation, and the effect of variable glycosylation on antibody reactivity. A model oligomeric gp120 was expressed in different cell types, including cell lines that represent host-infected cells or cells used to produce gp120 for vaccination purposes. N-Glycosylation of gp120 varied, depending on the cell type used for its expression and the metabolic manipulation during expression. The resultant glycosylation included changes in the ratio of high-mannose to complex N-glycans, terminal decoration, and branching. Differential glycosylation of gp120 affected envelope recognition by polyclonal antibodies from the sera of HIV-1-infected subjects. These results indicate that gp120 glycans contribute to antibody reactivity and should be considered in HIV-1 vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Raska
- From the Departments of Immunology and
- the Departments of Microbiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jana Vrbkova
- Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc 77100, Czech Republic
| | | | - Phillip D. Smith
- Medicine, and
- the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, and
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- the Departments of Microbiology
- Medicine, and
- the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 12108
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Raska M, Novak J. Involvement of Envelope-Glycoprotein Glycans in HIV-1 Biology and Infection. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2010; 58:191-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-010-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Peptide microarray-based identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitope binding to HLA-DRB1*0101, DRB1*1501, and DRB1*0401. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 17:168-75. [PMID: 19864486 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00208-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A more effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is needed, and a number of M. tuberculosis vaccine candidates are currently in preclinical or clinical phase I and II studies. One of the strategies to select M. tuberculosis (protein) targets to elicit a CD8(+) or CD4(+) T-cell response is to gauge the binding of candidate peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules, a prerequisite for successful peptide presentation and to expand antigen-specific T cells. We scanned 61 proteins from the M. tuberculosis proteome for potential MHC class II-presented epitopes that could serve as targets for CD4(+) T-cell responses. We constructed a peptide microarray consisting of 7,466 unique peptides derived from 61 M. tuberculosis proteins. The peptides were 15-mers overlapping by 12 amino acids. Soluble recombinant DRB1*0101 (DR1), DRB1*1501 (DR2), and DRB1*0401 (DR4) monomers were used to gauge binding to individual peptide species. Out of 7,466 peptides, 1,282, 674, and 1,854 peptides formed stable complexes with HLA-DR1, -DR2, and -DR4, respectively. Five hundred forty-four peptides bound to all three MHC class II molecules, 609 bound to only two, and 756 bound to only a single MHC class II molecule. This allowed us to rank M. tuberculosis proteins by epitope density. M. tuberculosis proteins contained "hot spots," i.e., regions with enriched MHC class II binding epitopes. Two hundred twenty-two peptides that formed MHC class II-peptide complexes had previously been described as exclusively recognized by IgG in sera from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, but not in sera from healthy individuals, suggesting that these peptides serve as B-cell and CD4(+) T-cell epitopes. This work helps to identify not only M. tuberculosis peptides with immunogenic potential, but also the most immunogenic proteins. This information is useful for vaccine design and the development of future tools to explore immune responses to M. tuberculosis.
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Li H, Xu CF, Blais S, Wan Q, Zhang HT, Landry SJ, Hioe CE. Proximal glycans outside of the epitopes regulate the presentation of HIV-1 envelope gp120 helper epitopes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6369-78. [PMID: 19414790 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of HIV-1 envelope gp120 determines not only the proper structure, but also the immune responses against this Ag. Although glycans may be part of specific epitopes or shield other epitopes from T cells and Abs, this study provides evidence for a different immunomodulatory function of glycans associated with gp120 residues N230 and N448. These glycans are required for efficient MHC class II-restricted presentation of nearby CD4 T cell epitopes, even though they are not part of the epitopes. The glycans do not affect CD4 T cell recognition of more distant epitopes and are not essential for the proper folding and function of gp120. Data on CD4 T cell recognition of N448 mutants combined with proteolysis analyses and surface electrostatic potential calculation around residue N448 support the notion that N448 glycan near the epitope's C terminus renders the site to be surface accessible and allows its efficient processing. In contrast, the N230 glycan contributes to the nearby epitope presentation at a step other than the proteolytic processing of the epitope. Hence, N-glycans can determine CD4 T cell recognition of nearby gp120 epitopes by regulating the different steps in the MHC class II processing and presentation pathway after APCs acquire the intact gp120 Ag exogenously. Modifications of amino acids bearing glycans at the C termini of gp120 helper epitopes may prove to be a useful strategy for enhancing the immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Li
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
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Ma L, Guo Y, Yuan L, Huang Y, Sun J, Qu S, Yu X, Meng Z, He X, Jiang S, Shao Y. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF07_BC strains circulating in the Xinjiang Province of China. Retrovirology 2009; 6:45. [PMID: 19442296 PMCID: PMC2693499 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-1 CRF07_BC recombinant previously circulated mainly among the intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Xinjiang province of China and is currently spreading in the entire country. The aim of this study is to characterize the genotypic and phenotypic properties of HIV-1 CRF07_BC isolates in comparison with those of the subtype B' (Thailand B) which is prevalent in the former plasma donors (FPDs) in China. Results Twelve HIV-1 CRF07_BC variants were isolated from the blood of the HIV-1-infected IDUs in Xinjiang province, and 20 subtype B' isolates were obtained from the FPDs in Anhui and Shanxi provinces of China. All the CRF07_BC viruses utilized CCR5 co-receptor, whereas 12 subtype B' viruses were R5-tropic, and the remaining B' isolates were dual (R5X4) tropic. CRF07_BC viruses had lower net charge value in the V3 loop and exhibited slower replication kinetics than subtype B' viruses. The number and location of the potential N-linked glycosylation sites in V1/V2 and the C2 region of the CRF07_BC viruses were significantly different from those of the subtype B' viruses. Conclusion The HIV-1 CRF07_BC recombinant strains with relatively lower net charges in the V3 loop exclusively utilize CCR5 co-receptor for infection and exhibit slow replication kinetics in the primary target cells, suggesting that CRF07_BC may be superior over B' and other HIV-1 subtypes in initiating infection in high-risk population. These findings have molecular implications for the adaptive evolution of HIV-1 circulating in China and the design of tailored therapeutic strategy for treatment of HIV-1 CRF07_BC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China.
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Neller MA, López JA, Schmidt CW. Antigens for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Visciano ML, Tuen M, Chen PD, Hioe CE. Antibodies to the CD4-binding site of HIV-1 gp120 suppress gp120-specific CD4 T cell response while enhancing antibody response. Infect Agent Cancer 2008; 3:11. [PMID: 18638381 PMCID: PMC2503958 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The binding of Abs to the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) of HIV-1 envelope gp120 has been shown to obstruct the processing and generation of helper epitopes from this antigen, resulting in poor presentation of various gp120 epitopes by MHC class II to CD4 T cells. However, the physiologic significance of these inhibitory anti-CD4bs Abs in vivo has remained unclear. In this study, we evaluated the immunologic effects of anti-CD4bs Abs in vivo using a murine model. RESULTS Animals were immunized with recombinant envelope proteins with or without CD4-binding activity (designated CD4bs+ Env and CD4bs- Env, respectively). As expected, anti-CD4bs Abs were generated only after immunization with CD4bs+ Env and not with CD4bs- Env. The presence of anti-CD4bs Abs was associated with lower levels of envelope-specific lymphoproliferation in animals immunized with CD4bs+ Env. To further determine the specific role of the anti-CD4bs Abs, we immunized mice with gp120 in the presence of an inhibitory anti-CD4bs mAb or a non-inhibitory anti-gp120 mAb. The data show that the presence of anti-CD4bs mAb reduced CD4 T cell responses to gp120. However, we also detected significantly higher titers of anti-gp120 Abs following immunization with gp120 and the anti-CD4bs mAb. CONCLUSION Anti-CD4bs Abs can exert discordant effects on the gp120-specific CD4 T cell and Ab responses in vivo, indicating the importance of these particular Abs in influencing both the cellular and the humoral immune responses against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Visciano
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, USA.
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