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Jeong W, Choi D, Kim W, Han K. What is the relationship between the local population change and cancer incidence in patients with dyslipidemia: Evidence of the impact of local extinction in Korea. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7169. [PMID: 38597133 PMCID: PMC11004912 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the local population are intricately linked to healthcare infrastructure, which subsequently impacts the healthcare sector. A decreasing local population can result in lagging health infrastructure, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes as patients may be at risk of not receiving optimal care and treatment. While some studies have explored the relationship between chronic diseases and local population decline, evidence regarding cancer is insufficient. In this study, we focused on how deteriorating management of chronic diseases such as dyslipidemia could influence the risk of cancer. We investigated the relationship between changes in the local population and cancer incidence among patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS This cohort study was conducted using claims data. Data from adult patients with dyslipidemia from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort conducted between 2002 and 2015 were included. Population changes in each region were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service and were used to link each individual's regional code. Cancer risk was the dependent variable, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the target associations. RESULTS Data from 336,883 patients with dyslipidemia were analyzed. Individuals who resided in areas with a decreasing population had a higher risk of cancer than those living in areas with an increasing population (decrease: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.03-1.10; normal: HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.09). Participants living in regions with a low number of hospitals had a higher risk of cancer than those in regions with a higher number of hospitals (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12-1.29). CONCLUSION Patients in regions where the population has declined are at a higher risk of cancer, highlighting the importance of managing medical problems caused by regional extinction. This could provide evidence for and useful insights into official policies on population decline and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjeong Jeong
- Cancer Knowledge & Information CenterNational Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer CenterGoyangRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Woo Choi
- Cancer Big Data CenterNational Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer CenterGoyangRepublic of Korea
| | - Woorim Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & PolicyNational Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer CenterGoyangRepublic of Korea
- National Hospice CenterNational Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer CenterGoyangRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyu‐Tae Han
- Division of Cancer Control & PolicyNational Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer CenterGoyangRepublic of Korea
- National Hospice CenterNational Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer CenterGoyangRepublic of Korea
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Khanna D, Sharma P, Budukh A, Vishwakarma R, Sharma AN, Bagal S, Tripathi V, Maurya VK, Chaturvedi P, Pradhan S. Rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care: findings from an Indian cancer registry. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38448839 PMCID: PMC10916062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence and mortality vary across the globe, with nearly two-thirds of cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The rural-urban disparity in socio-demographic, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors, as well as in access to cancer care, is one of the contributing factors. Population-based cancer registries serve as a measure for understanding the burden of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care of patients registered by an Indian population-based cancer registry. METHODS This study collected data from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2017 and 2019. Sex and site-specific age-standardised rates for incidence and mortality per 100,000 population were calculated. Rural-urban disparities in cancer incidence and mortality were estimated through rate differences and standardised rate ratios (with 95% confidence intervals). Univariable and multivariable regressions were applied to determine any significant differences in socio-demographic and cancer-related variables according to place of residence (rural/urban). Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS 6721 cancer patients were registered during the study duration. Urban patients were older and had better literacy and socioeconomic levels, while rural patients had higher odds of having unskilled or semi-skilled professions. Diagnostic and clinical confirmation for cancer was significantly higher in urban patients, while verbal autopsy-based confirmation was higher in rural patients. Rural patients were more likely to receive palliative or alternative systems of medicine, and urban patients had higher chances of treatment completion. Significantly higher incidence and mortality were observed for oral cancer among urban men and for cervical cancer among rural women. Despite the higher incidence of breast cancer in urban women, significantly higher mortality was observed in rural women. CONCLUSIONS Low- and middle-income countries are facing dual challenges for cancer control and prevention. Their urban populations experience unhealthy lifestyles, while their rural populations lack healthcare accessibility. The distinctness in cancer burden and pattern calls for a re-evaluation of cancer control strategies that are tailor-made with an understanding of urban-rural disparities. Context-specific interventional programmes targeting risk-factor modifications, cancer awareness, early detection, and accessibility to diagnosis and care are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Khanna
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Budukh
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajesh Vishwakarma
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand N Sharma
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Bagal
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Varsha Tripathi
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Maurya
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, 400094, Mumbai, India
| | - Satyajit Pradhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Director, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang L, Sun W, Moudon AV, Zhu YG, Wang J, Bao P, Zhao X, Yang X, Jia Y, Zhang S, Wu S, Cai Y. Deciphering the impact of urban built environment density on respiratory health using a quasi-cohort analysis of 5495 non-smoking lung cancer cases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158014. [PMID: 35981573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is a major health concern and is influenced by air pollution, which can be affected by the density of urban built environment. The spatiotemporal impact of urban density on lung cancer incidence remains unclear, especially at the sub-city level. We aimed to determine cumulative effect of community-level density attributes of the built environment on lung cancer incidence in high-density urban areas. METHODS We selected 78 communities in the central city of Shanghai, China as the study site; communities included in the analysis had an averaged population density of 313 residents per hectare. Using data from the city cancer surveillance system, an age-period-cohort analysis of lung cancer incidence was performed over a five-year period (2009-2013), with a total of 5495 non-smoking/non-secondhand smoking exposure lung cancer cases. Community-level density measures included the density of road network, facilities, buildings, green spaces, and land use mixture. RESULTS In multivariate models, built environment density and the exposure time duration had an interactive effect on lung cancer incidence. Lung cancer incidence of birth cohorts was associated with road density and building coverage across communities, with a relative risk of 1·142 (95 % CI: 1·056-1·234, P = 0·001) and 1·090 (95 % CI: 1·053-1·128, P < 0·001) at the baseline year (2009), respectively. The relative risk increased exponentially with the exposure time duration. As for the change in lung cancer incidence over the five-year period, lung cancer incidence of birth cohorts tended to increase faster in communities with a higher road density and building coverage. CONCLUSION Urban planning policies that improve road network design and building layout could be important strategies to reduce lung cancer incidence in high-density urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenyao Sun
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat, Shanghai, China
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Department of Urban Design and Planning and Urban Form Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System (LREIS), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Bao
- Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yinghui Jia
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat, Shanghai, China
| | - Surong Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Recent rapid and large-scale urbanization has had a profound impact on human lifestyles and is associated with an increased risk of many diseases. Recent studies have revealed large differences in the human gut microbiota across populations in countries at different stages of urbanization. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of ongoing urbanization within the same geographic region. In this study, we sampled 214 participants in communities of different urbanization levels within two provinces of China and reconstructed draft prokaryotic genomes with metagenome sequences. The genomes were clustered into 447 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), among which 196 did not have genomes in public reference databases according to the GTDB-Tk pipeline. The novel OTUs comprised 19.1% abundance in rural participants and 16.0% in urban participants, increasing the proportion of classified reads from 47.6% to 65.3% across all samples. Among the unknown OTUs, 26 OTUs present in rural samples were absent in urban participants, while 70 unknown OTUs were more abundant in rural than urban participants, suggesting potential loss and growth suppression of novel human symbionts during urbanization. Moreover, there were a higher number of genes, especially transporters, identified in genomes assembled from urban samples. This change in gene functionality indicates that urbanization not only altered the community structure of the human gut microbiota but also impacted its functional capacity. Taken together, these data show a dramatic change in the microbiota with urbanization and suggest the importance of cataloging microbial diversity from rural populations while these communities still exist. IMPORTANCE Previous studies have reported the differences in human gut microbiota across populations of different urbanization levels, but most of the studies focused on populations across different geographic regions. In this study, we analyzed the impact of ongoing urbanization in neighborhoods within the same geographic region. By assembling shotgun metagenome sequences, we reconstructed prokaryotic genomes from human gut microbiota and found that the novel bacterial OTUs were less abundant and less prevalent in urban participants than in rural participants, indicating potential loss and suppression of novel human symbionts during urbanization. Genes, including transporters and antibiotic resistance genes, were enriched in genomes of urban origins, suggesting change in functional potential of the microbiota. These findings suggest the significant influence of urbanization on human gut microbiota and the necessity of exploring the microbial diversity of rural populations.
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Urban Scaling of Health Outcomes: a Scoping Review. J Urban Health 2022; 99:409-426. [PMID: 35513600 PMCID: PMC9070109 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Urban scaling is a framework that describes how city-level characteristics scale with variations in city size. This scoping review mapped the existing evidence on the urban scaling of health outcomes to identify gaps and inform future research. Using a structured search strategy, we identified and reviewed a total of 102 studies, a majority set in high-income countries using diverse city definitions. We found several historical studies that examined the dynamic relationships between city size and mortality occurring during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In more recent years, we documented heterogeneity in the relation between city size and health. Measles and influenza are influenced by city size in conjunction with other factors like geographic proximity, while STIs, HIV, and dengue tend to occur more frequently in larger cities. NCDs showed a heterogeneous pattern that depends on the specific outcome and context. Homicides and other crimes are more common in larger cities, suicides are more common in smaller cities, and traffic-related injuries show a less clear pattern that differs by context and type of injury. Future research should aim to understand the consequences of urban growth on health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries, capitalize on longitudinal designs, systematically adjust for covariates, and examine the implications of using different city definitions.
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Difference in medical service use among Korean gastric cancer survivors according to regional healthcare vulnerabilities: a cohort study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:9233-9241. [PMID: 36056274 PMCID: PMC9633440 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the relationship between medical service use and healthcare vulnerability, pre- and post-gastric cancer diagnosis. Differences between healthcare-vulnerable and healthcare-nonvulnerable regions identified inequities that require intervention. METHODS This cohort study was done using the National Health Insurance claims data of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between 2004 and 2013. The Position Value for Relative Comparison Index was used to determine whether the patients lived in a healthcare-vulnerable region. Medical service use was classified into annual outpatient treatment, hospitalization days, and emergency treatment. We used a generalized linear model to which the Poisson distribution was applied and compared regional differences in medical service use. RESULTS A total of 1797 gastric cancer patients who had survived 5 years post-diagnosis were included in the study, of which 14.2% lived in healthcare-vulnerable regions. The patients in vulnerable regions surviving 5-7 years post-diagnosis had a higher number of outpatient visits than those in nonvulnerable regions. Furthermore, hospitalization days were lesser for patients in vulnerable regions who survived 6 years post-diagnosis than those in nonvulnerable regions; however, this number increased in the seventh year. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gastric cancer survivors living in healthcare-vulnerable regions have a higher probability of increased medical service use 5 years post-diagnosis compared with patients in nonvulnerable regions, which may significantly increase healthcare disparities over time. Therefore, in the future, additional research is needed to elucidate the causes of the disparities in healthcare use and the results of the differences in health outcomes.
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Akshatha C, Bhat S, Sindhu R, Shashank D, Rose Sommano S, Tapingkae W, Cheewangkoon R, Prasad SK. Current therapeutic options for gastric adenocarcinoma. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5371-5378. [PMID: 34466117 PMCID: PMC8381031 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer inflicts significant health issues globally despite its declining incidence. The disease is known to be diagnosed at its advanced stages also corresponding with a poor prognosis for patients. The integral therapeutic choices to cure advanced gastric cancer have progressed swiftly in modern days. The preface of molecularly targeted therapeutic techniques would potentiate the personalized approach depending on patient-specific and tumor-specific features, exasperating the advantages of chemotherapy. Here we have reviewed the modern therapeutics such as immune therapy, chemotherapy, m-RNA based therapeutics, alongside evaluating the influence of age, sex and comorbidities-like factors on the occurrence of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer therapy consolidated target agents comprising inhibitors of programmed death-1(PD-1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), mRNA, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EPGF). A combination of trastuzumab to platinum-mediated chemotherapy evolved has a typical front-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer. An attempt has been made to epitomize the contemporary-modern research on targeted therapy for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.R. Akshatha
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, India
| | - Smitha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dharini Shashank
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Corresponding authors at: Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Thailand (R. Cheewangkoon).
| | - Shashanka K. Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Corresponding authors at: Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Thailand (R. Cheewangkoon).
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Park C, Lee WS, Go SI, Jeong SH, Yoo J, Cha HJ, Lee YJ, Kim HS, Leem SH, Kim HJ, Kim GS, Hong SC, Choi YH. Apoptotic Effects of Anthocyanins from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat Are Enhanced by Augmented Enhancer of the Rudimentary Homolog (ERH) in Human Gastric Carcinoma MKN28 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3030. [PMID: 33809701 PMCID: PMC8002340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that augmented expression of a certain gene can influence the efficacy of targeted and conventional chemotherapies. Here, we tested whether the high expression of enhancer of the rudimentary homolog (ERH), which serves as a prognostic factor in some cancers, can influence the efficacy of anthocyanins isolated from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat, Meoru in Korea (AIMs) on human gastric cancer cells. The anticancer efficacy of AIMs was augmented in ERH-transfected MKN28 cells (E-MKN28 cells). Molecularly, ERH augmented AIM-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and -9. The ERH-augmented apoptotic effect was related to mitochondrial depolarization and inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins, XIAP, and Bcl-2. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was augmented in AIMs-treated E-MKN28 cells compared to AIMs-treated naïve MKN28 cells. In conclusion, ERH augmented AIM-induced caspase-dependent mitochondrial-related apoptosis in MKN28 cells. A decrease in expression of Bcl-2 and subsequent excessive ROS generation would be the mechanism for ERH-augmented mitochondrial-related apoptosis in AIMs-treated MKN28 cells. A decrease in expression of XIAP would be another mechanism for ERH-augmented caspase-dependent apoptosis in AIMs-treated MKN28 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Se-Il Go
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Department of Microbiology/Research Institute of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea;
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Departments of Biology and Biomedical Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
| | - Soon-Chan Hong
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
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Ko YS, Jung EJ, Go SI, Jeong BK, Kim GS, Jung JM, Hong SC, Kim CW, Kim HJ, Lee WS. Polyphenols Extracted from Artemisia annua L. Exhibit Anti-Cancer Effects on Radio-Resistant MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing Stem Cell Phenotype, β-Catenin, and MMP-9. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081916. [PMID: 32326231 PMCID: PMC7221914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. has been reported to show anti-cancer activities. Here, we determined whether polyphenols extracted from Artemisia annua L. (pKAL) exhibit anti-cancer effects on radio-resistant MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells), and further explored their molecular mechanisms. Cell viability assay and colony-forming assay revealed that pKAL inhibited cell proliferation on both parental and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative effects of pKAL on RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells were superior or similar to those on parental ones. Western blot analysis revealed that expressions of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and Oct 3/4, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) phosphorylation were significantly increased in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to parental ones, suggesting that these proteins could be associated with RT resistance. pKAL inhibited the expression of CD44 and Oct 3/4 (CSC markers), and β-catenin and MMP-9 as well as STAT-3 phosphorylation of RT-R-MDA-MB-231. Regarding upstream signaling, the JNK or JAK2 inhibitor could inhibit STAT-3 activation in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, but not augmented pKAL-induced anti-cancer effects. These findings suggest that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 signaling are not closely related to the anti-cancer effects of pKAL. In conclusion, this study suggests that pKAL exhibit anti-cancer effects on RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing CD44 and Oct 3/4, β-catenin and MMP-9, which appeared to be linked to RT resistance of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Shin Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816 Beongil 15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Eun Joo Jung
- Departments of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (E.J.J.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Se-il Go
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Bae Kwon Jeong
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- School of Veterinary and Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (E.J.J.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816 Beongil 15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.J.K.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.)
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.J.K.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.)
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Predicted Future Mortality Attributed to Increases in Temperature and PM 10 Concentration under Representative Concentration Pathway Scenarios. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072600. [PMID: 32290146 PMCID: PMC7177966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As climate change progresses, understanding the impact on human health associated with the temperature and air pollutants has been paramount. However, the predicted effect on temperature associated with particulate matter (PM10) is not well understood due to the difficulty in predicting the local and regional PM10. We compared temperature-attributable mortality for the baseline (2003-2012), 2030s (2026-2035), 2050s (2046-2055), and 2080s (2076-2085) based on a distributed lag non-linear model by simultaneously considering assumed levels of PM10 on historical and projected temperatures under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. The considered projected PM10 concentrations of 35, 50, 65, 80, and 95 μg/m3 were based on historical concentration quantiles. Our findings confirmed greater temperature-attributable risks at PM10 concentrations above 65 μg/m3 due to the modification effect of the pollutants on temperature. In addition, this association between temperature and PM10 was higher under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5. We also confirmed regional heterogeneity in temperature-attributable deaths by considering PM10 concentrations in South Korea with higher risks in heavily populated areas. These results demonstrated that the modification association of air pollutants on health burdens attributable to increasing temperatures should be considered by researchers and policy makers.
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11
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McDow AD, Zahnd WE, Angelos P, Mellinger JD, Ganai S. Impact of Rurality on National Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Long-Term Survival. J Rural Health 2019; 36:326-333. [PMID: 31099945 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cancer incidence is rising, possibly secondary to increased imaging and surveillance. Based on rural access to care disparities, we hypothesized that incidence would be greater in urban compared to rural counties with no significant difference in long-term survival. METHODS An observational study was performed on thyroid cancer patients using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data (2000-2012). Age-adjusted incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and survival rates were calculated across rural-urban designations. FINDINGS Incidence rates were 11.2, 9.8, and 10.1 per 100,000 for urban, rural-adjacent, and rural-nonadjacent counties, respectively. Statistically significantly lower incidence was noted in rural-adjacent and rural-nonadjacent compared to urban areas. Five-year and 10-year survival was significantly lower in rural-nonadjacent counties compared to urban counties. CONCLUSIONS Higher incidence and increased long-term survival for thyroid cancer were noted in urban areas compared to rural areas. It is uncertain if rural-urban differences in long-term survival reflect health care disparities, differences in therapy, or other origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria D McDow
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Whitney E Zahnd
- Department of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.,Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Peter Angelos
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John D Mellinger
- Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Sabha Ganai
- Department of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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12
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Hasanpour-Heidari S, Fazel A, Semnani S, Khandoozi SR, Amiriani T, Sedaghat S, Hosseinpoor R, Azarhoush R, Poorabbasi M, Naeimi-Tabiei M, Roshandel G, Bray F, Weiderpass E. Temporal and geographical variations in colorectal cancer incidence in Northern Iran 2004-2013. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 59:143-147. [PMID: 30771699 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the Golestan province, Northern Iran. The purpose of this study is to describe colorectal cancer incidence patterns and trends in the province 2004-2013. METHODS Data on CRC cases were obtained from the Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). The GPCR is a high-quality cancer registry that collects data on primary cancers according to internationally accepted standard protocols. Age-standardized Incidence rates (ASR) were calculated and the 10-year trend quantified using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) from Joinpoint regressions. RESULTS The overall ASR of CRC were higher in men (14.8 per 100,000 person-years) and the urban populations (35.4), relative to women (11.5) and the rural populations (17.1), respectively. The overall incidence rate was observed to significantly increase 2004-2013 in men (AAPC = 7.3; 95%CI: 2.9-11.8) and women (AAPC = 6.6; 95%CI: 2.7-10.6). The analysis also showed that urban areas (AAPC = 8.1; 95%CI: 2.4-14.1) had a relatively more rapid increase in rates compared to rural areas (AAPC = 6.9; 95%CI: 2.2-11.7). CONCLUSIONS CRC incidence rates in Golestan have been rising during the most recent decade, with a higher incidence and more rapid increases among men and the urban populations. The underlying risk factors should be assessed in the context of developing CRC prevention interventions in Golestan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hasanpour-Heidari
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Fazel
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Omid Cancer Research Center, Omid Preventive and Health Promotion Center, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahryar Semnani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - SeyedMehdi Sedaghat
- Deputy of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinpoor
- Deputy of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ramin Azarhoush
- Department of Pathology, 5Azar hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Poorabbasi
- Death registry unit, Deputy of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naeimi-Tabiei
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Sayyad Shirazi hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Go DS, Kim YE, Radnaabaatar M, Jung Y, Jung J, Yoon SJ. Regional Differences in Years of Life Lost in Korea from 1997 to 2015. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e91. [PMID: 30923494 PMCID: PMC6434157 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the gaps in health inequality at a regional level and improving health equity have been emphasized in Korea, it is essential to accurately measure the burden of disease by region. This study aimed to estimate years of life lost (YLLs) in 17 Si and Do of Korea from 1997 to 2015 and determine the trends of regional differences in health status and disease structure. METHODS YLL was calculated by subtracting the age at death from the life expectancy. Data on the region, gender, and age-stratified cause-specific death were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service of Statistics Korea. RESULTS Age-standardized YLLs per 100,000 population decreased by year in all regions from 1997 to 2015 by 27.4% (27.5% for men; 27.2% for women). Despite the decline in YLLs, the regions with the highest and lowest YLLs did not change between 1997 and 2015. The diseases showing regional differences were caused by injury, often classified as avoidable mortality. We also confirmed that YLLs were higher in the regions with a higher deprivation index. CONCLUSION The present study identified that YLLs differed by regions in Korea with specific causes. The findings of this study can be used by decision-makers to prioritize the reduction of regional gaps in premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Sol Go
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yunsun Jung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Hwang-Bo H, Lee WS, Nagappan A, Kim HJ, Panchanathan R, Park C, Chang SH, Kim ND, Leem SH, Chang YC, Kwon TK, Cheong JH, Kim GS, Jung JM, Shin SC, Hong SC, Choi YH. Morin enhances auranofin anticancer activity by up-regulation of DR4 and DR5 and modulation of Bcl-2 through reactive oxygen species generation in Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1384-1393. [PMID: 30887612 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that auranofin (AF) exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Here, in this study, we have investigated the synergistic effects of AF and morin and their mechanism for the anticancer effects focusing on apoptosis in Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We assessed the anticancer activities by annexin V/PI double staining, caspase, and TrxR activity assay. Morin enhances the inhibitory effects on TrxR activity of AF as well as reducing cell viability. Annexin V/PI double staining revealed that morin/AF cotreatment induced apoptotic cell death. Morin enhances AF-induced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss and cytochrome c release. Further, morin/AF cotreatment upregulated death receptor DR4/DR5, modulated Bcl-2 family members (upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2), and activated caspase-3, -8, and -9. Morin also enhances AF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The anticancer effects results from caspase-dependent apoptosis, which was triggered via extrinsic pathway by upregulating TRAIL receptors (DR4/DR5) and enhanced via intrinsic pathway by modulating Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein family members. These are related to ROS generation. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that morin can enhance the anticancer activity of AF in Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, indicating that its combination could be an alternative treatment strategy for the hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwang-Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hong Jae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Radha Panchanathan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Chang
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Hun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan, South Korea
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15
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Go SI, Ko GH, Lee WS, Lee JH, Jeong SH, Lee YJ, Hong SC, Ha WS. The Use of CD44 Variant 9 and Ki-67 Combination Can Predicts Prognosis Better Than Their Single Use in Early Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 51:1411-1419. [PMID: 30913874 PMCID: PMC6790844 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously demonstrated that CD44v9 and Ki-67 played an important role in predicting poor prognosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, little is known about combined use of both biomarkers as prognostic biomarker. The present study was performed to investigate the significance of CD44v9 and Ki-67 expression as a combination biomarker for EGC. Materials and Methods With tissue microarray for 158 EGC tissues, we performed immunohistochemical staining for CD44v9 and Ki-67. The whole patients were divided into three groups (group A, CD44v9-negative/Ki-67–low; group B, neither group A or C; and group C, CD44v9-positive/Ki-67–high). Its clinical significance was re-analyzed with adjustment via propensity score matching (PSM). For validation, we performed bootstrap resampling. Results The median follow-up duration was 90.4 months (range, 3.7 to 120.4 months). In the comparison according to CD44v9/Ki-67 expression, the combined use of the two biomarker clearly separated the three groups by 5-year survival rates (5-YSR, 96.3%, 89.8%, and 76.8% in group A, B, and C, respectively; p=0.009). After PSM, 5-YSR were 97.7% and 76.8% in group A+B and group C, respectively (p=0.002). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that group C had independently poor prognosis (hazard ratio, 9.137; 95% confidence interval, 1.187 to 70.366; p=0.034) compared with group A. Bootstrap resampling internally validated this result (p=0.016). Conclusion This study suggests that both positive CD44v9 and high Ki-67 expression are associated with poor prognosis in EGC, and the combined use of these markers provides better prognostic stratification than the single use of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Il Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Gyung Hyuck Ko
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo Song Ha
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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16
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Fan HC, Chen CY, Hsu YC, Chou RH, Teng CLJ, Chiu CH, Hsu CY, Muo CH, Chang MY, Chang KH. Increased risk of incident nasopharyngeal carcinoma with exposure to air pollution. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204568. [PMID: 30265690 PMCID: PMC6161893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a race-specific malignancy. The nasal cavity is the main entry point for air pollutants or poisonous gases into the human body. However, the risk of NPC in populations exposed to air pollution remains unknown. Methods We combined data from the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database (TAQMD) and the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) to assess the risk of NPC in a population exposed to air pollution. Results Multivariate analysis revealed positive trends for the association between the risk of NPC and exposure to air pollution. After adjusting for potential covariates, the risk of developing NPC increased with the increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure concentrations from 1.39 to 2.28 and 2.01 to 1.97, respectively, compared to the risks at the lowest concentration levels. Conclusions We identified a significant risk of NPC in a population exposed to air pollution. However, this study had several limitations. Moreover, additional experimental and clinical studies on the associations between environmental factors and NPC risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ying Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yin Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Li T, Li X, Wang G, Lin Q, Qu J. Gut Microbiota in Tibetan Herdsmen Reflects the Degree of Urbanization. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1745. [PMID: 30108579 PMCID: PMC6080570 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is associated with shifts in human lifestyles, thus possibly influencing the diversity, interaction and assembly of gut microbiota. However, the question regarding how human gut microbiota adapts to varying lifestyles remains elusive. To understand the relationship between gut microbiota and urbanization, we compared the diversity, interaction and assembly of gut microbial communities of herdsmen from three regions with different levels of urbanization, namely traditional herdsmen (TH), semi-urban herdsmen (SUH) and urban herdsmen (UH). The relative abundance of Prevotella decreased with the degree of urbanization (from TH to UH), whereas that of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia showed an opposite trend. Although the alpha diversity measures (observed OTUs and phylogenetic diversity) of gut microbiota were unaffected by urbanization, the beta diversity (Jaccard or Bray–Curtis distances) was significantly influenced by urbanization. Metagenome prediction revealed that the gene functions associated with metabolism (i.e., carbohydrate and lipid metabolism) had significant differences between TH and UH. Network analysis showed that the modularity increased with the degree of urbanization, indicating a high extent of niche differentiation in UH. Meanwhile the trend of network density was opposite, indicating a more complex network in TH. Notably, the relative importance of environmental filtering that governed the community assembly increased with the degree of urbanization, which indicated that deterministic factors (e.g., low-fiber diet) play more important roles than stochastic factors (e.g., stochastic dispersal) in shaping the gut microbiota. A quantification of ecological processes showed a stronger signal of variable selection in UH than TH, implying that different selective pressures cause divergent gut community compositions due to urban lifestyles. Our results suggest that beta diversity, network interactions and ecological processes of gut microbiota may reflect the degree of urbanization, and highlight the adaptation of human gut microbiota to lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhong Wang
- The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qiang Lin
- Institute of Soil Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jiapeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region, Xining, China
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Choi KH, Park MS, Ha M, Hur JI, Cheong HK. Cancer Incidence Trend in the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Area, from 1999 to 2014: An Ecological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1006. [PMID: 29772806 PMCID: PMC5982045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) occurred in the Republic of Korea on 7 December 2007. We aimed to describe the cancer incidence trend in Taean County before and after the oil spill. Five major cancers and leukemia were analyzed. Cancer incidence data were obtained from the Korean National Cancer Center. We compared the standardized incidence rates in Taean with those observed nationwide and selected three coastal areas. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine the trends in the average annual percent change and perform comparisons. The incidence rate of prostate cancer increased from 2007 to 2009 at an annual average of 39.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): -25.9, 161.8), 13.5% (95% CI: 11.7, 15.4), and 15.6% (95% CI: 11.9, 19.5), respectively, in Taean, nationwide, and in the coastal areas. The incidence of leukemia among women increased at an annual average of 9.5% (95% CI: -26.6, 63.4) in Taean and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2, 0.9) nationwide; the rate decreased by 1.9% (95% CI: -12.8, 10.4) in the coastal areas. The trends between Taean County and the coastal areas differed only for prostate cancer (p = 0.0004). The incidence of prostate cancer among Taean County residents has increased since the HSOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Choi
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean, Chungnam 32148, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Park
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean, Chungnam 32148, Korea.
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Hur
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean, Chungnam 32148, Korea.
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea.
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Single, Immediate, Postoperative Intravesical Chemotherapy. Bladder Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809939-1.00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Song HN, Lee C, Kim ST, Kim SY, Kim NKD, Jang J, Kang M, Jang H, Ahn S, Kim SH, Park Y, Cho YB, Heo JW, Lee WY, Park JO, Lim HY, Kang WK, Park YS, Park WY, Lee J, Kim HC. Molecular characterization of colorectal cancer patients and concomitant patient-derived tumor cell establishment. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19610-9. [PMID: 26909603 PMCID: PMC4991405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to establish a prospectively enrolled colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort for targeted sequencing of primary tumors from CRC patients. In parallel, we established collateral PDC models from the matched primary tumor tissues, which may be later used as preclinical models for genome-directed targeted therapy experiments. Results In all, we identified 27 SNVs in the 6 genes such as PIK3CA (N = 16), BRAF (N = 6), NRAS (N = 2), and CTNNB1 (N = 1), PTEN (N = 1), and ERBB2 (N = 1). RET-NCOA4 translocation was observed in one out of 105 patients (0.9%). PDC models were successfully established from 62 (55.4%) of the 112 samples. To confirm the genomic features of various tumor cells, we compared variant allele frequency results of the primary tumor and progeny PDCs. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the variants from primary tumor cells and PDCs was 0.881. Methods Between April 2014 and June 2015, 112 patients with CRC who underwent resection of the primary tumor were enrolled in the SMC Oncology Biomarker study. The PDC culture protocol was performed for all eligible patients. All of the primary tumors from the 112 patients who provided written informed consent were genomically sequenced with targeted sequencing. In parallel, PDC establishment was attempted for all sequenced tumors. Conclusions We have prospectively sequenced a CRC cohort of 105 patients and successfully established 62 PDC in parallel. Each genomically characterized PDCs can be used as a preclinical model especially in rare genomic alteration event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haa-Na Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chung Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung K D Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihyun Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Jang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoona Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Heo
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Lu JN, Panchanathan R, Lee WS, Kim HJ, Kim DH, Choi YH, Kim GS, Shin SC, Hong SC. Anthocyanins from the Fruit of Vitis Coignetiae Pulliat Inhibit TNF-Augmented Cancer Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in A549 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2919-2923. [PMID: 29172259 PMCID: PMC5773771 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Anthocyanins belong to a class of flavonoids, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions have been reported to have anti-cancer effects. Here, we investigated whether anthocyanins can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in human lung cancer A549 cells, which are critically involved in cancer metastasis. Methods: We used anthocyanins from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (AIMs) which has been used in Korean folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers. We have performed cell proliferation assays, cell invasion assay, gelatin zymography, wound healing assay and western blotting to examine whether anthocyanins can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in A549 cells. Result: AIMs did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation on A549 cells. Also, AIMs suppressed cancer migration, and invasion by supressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. The Immuno-blotting results also revealed that AIMs suppressed the proteins involved in cancer proliferation (COX-2, C-myc, cyclin D1), migration and invasion (MMP-2, MMP-9), anti-apoptosis (XIAP, and c-IAP2), adhesion and angiogenesis (ICAM-1, VEGF). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the anthocyanins isolated from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat inhibit cancer proliferation, cancer migration, and invasion that is involve in cancer-metastasis. This study provides evidence that AIMs might have anti-cancer effects on human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, 660-702 Korea.
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22
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Winglee K, Howard AG, Sha W, Gharaibeh RZ, Liu J, Jin D, Fodor AA, Gordon-Larsen P. Recent urbanization in China is correlated with a Westernized microbiome encoding increased virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:121. [PMID: 28915922 PMCID: PMC5603068 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urbanization is associated with an increased risk for a number of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer, which all also show associations with the microbiome. While microbial community composition has been shown to vary across continents and in traditional versus Westernized societies, few studies have examined urban-rural differences in neighboring communities within a single country undergoing rapid urbanization. In this study, we compared the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, dietary habits, and health biomarkers of rural and urban people from a single Chinese province. RESULTS We identified significant differences in the microbiota and microbiota-related plasma metabolites in rural versus recently urban subjects from the Hunan province of China. Microbes with higher relative abundance in Chinese urban samples have been associated with disease in other studies and were substantially more prevalent in the Human Microbiome Project cohort of American subjects. Furthermore, using whole metagenome sequencing, we found that urbanization was associated with a loss of microbial diversity and changes in the relative abundances of Viruses, Archaea, and Bacteria. Gene diversity, however, increased with urbanization, along with the proportion of reads associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence, which were strongly correlated with the presence of Escherichia and Shigella. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that urbanization has produced convergent evolution of the gut microbial composition in American and urban Chinese populations, resulting in similar compositional patterns of abundant microbes through similar lifestyles on different continents, including a loss of potentially beneficial bacteria and an increase in potentially harmful genes via increased relative abundance of Escherichia and Shigella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Winglee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28081, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, CGRC, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jiawu Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Chronic Disease Prevention, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Chronic Disease Prevention, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
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Ko GH, Go SI, Lee WS, Lee JH, Jeong SH, Lee YJ, Hong SC, Ha WS. Prognostic impact of Ki-67 in patients with gastric cancer-the importance of depth of invasion and histologic differentiation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017. [PMID: 28640099 PMCID: PMC5484207 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation. The role of Ki-67 as a prognostic biomarker has not been established in gastric cancer. The present study was performed to investigate the significance of Ki-67 expression as a biomarker in early gastric cancer (EGC).With tissue microarray for 320 patients with gastric cancer, we performed immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67. Its clinical significance was analyzed with adjustment via the propensity score-matching. For validation, we performed bootstrap resampling.The median follow-up duration was 72 months (range: 3-120 months). Ki-67-high group showed worse prognosis than Ki-67-low group in EGC (5-YSR, 78.9% vs 92.0%, P = .018), but not in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) (5-YSR, 58.5% vs 59.2%, P = .951). Interestingly, in the patients with well-differentiated histology, prognosis for Ki-67-high group was considerably worse than that for Ki-67-low group (5-YSR, 67.0% vs 94.4%, P = .012), but not in those with moderately differentiated (P = .504) and poorly differentiated histology (P = .905). In this cohort, there was a strong correlation between the proportion of EGC and well-differentiated histology (r = 0.215, P = .002). Multivariate analysis also revealed that the high-Ki-67 expression serves as a poor prognostic factor in EGC (HR 4.346, 95% CI 1.397-13.515, P = .011), especially in the well-differentiated histology, but not in all the patients (P = .171). Bootstrap resampling internally validated this result (P = .011).This study suggests that Ki-67 expression may be a good biomarker for prognosis prediction for EGC with well-differentiated histologic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyung Hyuck Ko
- Department of Pathology Department of Internal Medicine Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Yeesoonsang S, Bilheem S, McNeil E, Iamsirithaworn S, Jiraphongsa C, Sriplung H. Estimation of the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma in Songkhla, Thailand, 1989-2013, Using Multiple Imputation Method. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:54-60. [PMID: 27188200 PMCID: PMC5266391 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Histological specimens are not required for diagnosis of liver and bile duct (LBD) cancer, resulting in a high percentage of unknown histologies. We compared estimates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) incidences by imputing these unknown histologies. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Songkhla Cancer Registry, southern Thailand, from 1989 to 2013. Multivariate imputation by chained equations (mice) was used in re-classification of the unknown histologies. Age-standardized rates (ASR) of HCC and CCA by sex were calculated and the trends were compared. Results Of 2,387 LBD cases, 61% had unknown histology. After imputation, the ASR of HCC in males during 1989 to 2007 increased from 4 to 10 per 100,000 and then decreased after 2007. The ASR of CCA increased from 2 to 5.5 per 100,000, and the ASR of HCC in females decreased from 1.5 in 2009 to 1.3 in 2013 and that of CCA increased from less than 1 to 1.9 per 100,000 by 2013. Results of complete case analysis showed somewhat similar, although less dramatic, trends. Conclusion In Songkhla, the incidence of CCA appears to be stable after increasing for 20 years whereas the incidence of HCC is now declining. The decline in incidence of HCC among males since 2007 is probably due to implementation of the hepatitis B virus vaccine in the 1990s. The rise in incidence of CCA is a concern and highlights the need for case control studies to elucidate the risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seesai Yeesoonsang
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Surichai Bilheem
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Edward McNeil
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | | | - Chuleeporn Jiraphongsa
- Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration (TUC), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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25
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Gong YX, Tang YP, Guo L, Chen TM, Kang LL, Niu W, Wang ZF, Chen Y, Zhang T. Effect of regional difference on characteristics of gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1092-1097. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i7.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the difference in the characteristics of gastric cancer between patients from Nankai District, Tianjin and those from Longnan City of Gansu Province, and to explore the possible influencing factors.
METHODS: Clinical data for gastric cancer patients from the two regions were collected, including incidence, age, gender, family history, precancerous condition, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, gastroscopy, pathology, treatment and so on. A retrospective study was then performed to analyze the difference in disease characteristics.
RESULTS: The incidence of gastric cancer (4.60% vs 5.77%), H. pylori detection rate (74.16% vs 55.60%), rate of H. pylori infection (50.70% vs 57.95%), onset age (63.09 years ± 9.46 years vs 54.46 years ± 8.87 years), and peak age of onset (60-69 years vs 50-59 years) differed significantly between patients from Nankai District of Tianjin and those from Longnan City of Gansu Province (P < 0.05), while the diagnosis rate of early gastric cancer (0.72% vs 0.58%) and the male to female ratio (1.23:1 vs 1.25:1) showed no significant difference between the two regions (P > 0.05). Most of the patients from Longnan City had family histories of cancer, atrophic gastritis and other precancerous conditions. The most common location of gastric cancer was gastric antrum, and the main pathological type was low differentiation adenocarcinoma in both regions, but their treatment and prognosis were different.
CONCLUSION: Regional differences were found in the incidence and characteristics of gastric cancer. Compared to Longnan region, the incidence of gastric cancer and H. pylori infection rate were lower in Nankai district, with a better prognosis due to good patient compliance and active treatment. For patients from Longnan city, the onset age of gastric cancer was younger, the occurrence of gastric cancer had a clear tendency of family history of cancer and most of the patients had precancerous diseases. The differences in the characteristics of gastric cancer may be closely related to factors such as environment, diet, H. pylori infection and patient compliance.
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