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Chauhan R, Mohan M, Mannan A, Devi S, Singh TG. Unravelling the role of Interleukin-12 in Neuroinflammatory mechanisms: Pathogenic pathways linking Neuroinflammation to neuropsychiatric disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 156:114654. [PMID: 40294470 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are clinically characterized conditions involving both neurology and psychiatry, arising from dysfunctioning of cerebral function, or indirect effects of extra cerebral disease. Neuropsychiatric disorders tend to influence emotions, mood, and brain functioning. Growing evidence indicates that the etiology of these disorders is not confined to neuronal abnormalities but extends to include inflammation. While the underlying mechanism of these disorders is still in its infancy, recent data highlights the significant role of neuroinflammation in their pathophysiology. Neuroinflammation concerns the inflammation within the neural tissue characterized by alteration in astrocytes, cytokines, microglia, and chemokines within the central nervous system. The cytokines include IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12. This review focuses on interleukin-12 (IL-12), a key mediator of neuroinflammation, and its potential involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. IL-12 promotes neuroinflammation and influences neurotransmitter systems. Additionally, it also affects the HPA axis, impairs neuroplasticity, and activates microglia by interacting with TLR, JAK-STAT, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3, NMDA, MAPK, PKC, VEGFR, ROCK, and Wnt signaling pathways and elicit its role in ND. In this review, we dwell on the current evidence supporting IL-12's pathogenic role and explore the possible mechanisms by which it contributes to the development and progression of these conditions. This review aims to provide insights that may aid in future therapeutic strategies by illuminating the interplay between neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Maneesh Mohan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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2
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Abi Habib P, Bucak M, Crispi F, Gomez O, Turan O, Turan S. Fetal heart, brain and placenta: introducing a three-way (patho)physiological pairing. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2025. [PMID: 40387119 DOI: 10.1002/uog.29250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- P Abi Habib
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Bucak
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F Crispi
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Gomez
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Turan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Turan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kellett EA, Bademosi AT, Walker AK. Molecular mechanisms and consequences of TDP-43 phosphorylation in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2025; 20:53. [PMID: 40340943 PMCID: PMC12063406 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-025-00839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Increased phosphorylation of TDP-43 is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the regulation and roles of TDP-43 phosphorylation remain incompletely understood. A variety of techniques have been utilized to understand TDP-43 phosphorylation, including kinase/phosphatase manipulation, phosphomimic variants, and genetic, physical, or chemical inducement in a variety of cell cultures and animal models, and via analyses of post-mortem human tissues. These studies have produced conflicting results: suggesting incongruously that TDP-43 phosphorylation may either drive disease progression or serve a neuroprotective role. In this review, we explore the roles of regulators of TDP-43 phosphorylation including the putative TDP-43 kinases c-Abl, CDC7, CK1, CK2, IKKβ, p38α/MAPK14, MEK1, TTBK1, and TTBK2, and TDP-43 phosphatases PP1, PP2A, and PP2B, in disease. Building on recent studies, we also examine the consequences of TDP-43 phosphorylation on TDP-43 pathology, especially related to TDP-43 mislocalisation, liquid-liquid phase separation, aggregation, and neurotoxicity. By comparing conflicting findings from various techniques and models, this review highlights both the discrepancies and unresolved aspects in the understanding of TDP-43 phosphorylation. We propose that the role of TDP-43 phosphorylation is site and context dependent, and includes regulation of liquid-liquid phase separation, subcellular mislocalisation, and degradation. We further suggest that greater consideration of the normal functions of the regulators of TDP-43 phosphorylation that may be perturbed in disease is warranted. This synthesis aims to build towards a comprehensive understanding of the complex role of TDP-43 phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Kellett
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Adekunle T Bademosi
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia.
| | - Adam K Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia.
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia.
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Wang TT, Zhou MY, Gong XN, Huang Y, Li FL, Gu SL, Zhang MY, Li LL, Xu ZS, Li R, Cai L. Eupalinolide B alleviates corticosterone-induced PC12 cell injury and improves depression-like behaviors in CUMS rats by regulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2025; 235:116831. [PMID: 40021022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
Eupalinolide B (EB), a primary bioactive compound isolated from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC., has exhibited various pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and notably, neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the in-depth studies on the antidepressant potential of EB and its underlying mechanisms are still lacking. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of EB on corticosterone (CORT)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and its antidepressant-like effects in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). In particular, we focused on the molecular mechanisms related to modulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Our findings revealed that EB promoted cell proliferation while decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress in CORT-induced PC12 cells. In vivo, EB alleviated the depressive-like behaviors in CUMS rats, as assayed by the sucrose preference test, open field test, and forced swim test. Additionally, EB attenuated the hippocampal pathological damage and increased Ki67- and doublecortin-positive cell numbers in hippocampal dentate gyrus, thus restoring hippocampal neurogenesis in CUMS rats. The binding of EB to GSK-3β was confirmed using molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assays. Overexpression of GSK-3β diminished the therapeutic effects of EB on CORT-induced PC12 cells, further indicating that GSK-3β is the target of EB. Mechanistically, EB hindered GSK-3β activity and thus activated β-catenin signaling in both CORT-induced PC12 cells and CUMS rat hippocampus, as demonstrated by increased p-GSK-3β (Ser9), reduced p-β-catenin, and elevated β-catenin expression. Collectively, this study offers new insights into the antidepressant mechanisms of EB, highlighting its potential as a candidate for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 Anhui Province, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Na Gong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Fei-Long Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Sheng-Long Gu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Man-Yu Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Ze-Shan Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230026 Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022 Anhui Province, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 Anhui Province, PR China.
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Liang W, Liu Z, Xie P, Cen L, Zhou X, Hong L, Gong S, Li W, Cao N, Tian Y, Xu D, Li B. Polysaccharides of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviate bursa of Fabricius involution in Magang geese by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2025; 104:105227. [PMID: 40339240 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2025] [Revised: 04/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Involution of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) with increasing age in avian species leads to decreases in lymphocyte counts and pathogen recognition, thereby compromising immune function and increasing susceptibility to infections. Polysaccharides of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK), a major component of the traditional Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala, increase immunity. This study aimed to explore the impact of PAMK on the BF during involution in Magang geese. Following the prefeeding period, 54 four-month-old Magang geese were selected for the experiment. These geese were evenly divided into three groups. Each group consisted of three replicates, with six geese per replicate. One group was immediately euthanized to collect serum and BF samples. The remaining 36 geese were further divided into two groups: one group was maintained on a standard diet, and the other group was provided a diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg PAMK. One month later, serum and BF samples were collected for analysis. Morphological, organ index and histological observations indicate that PAMK can alleviate the significant reduction in the organ index of the BF during the involution process in Magang geese and mitigate the disorder of follicular arrangement and the decrease in the ratio of the cortical area to the medullary area in the BF. Immunoglobulin and oxidative stress results revealed that PAMK can increase the levels of immunoglobulins and reduce oxidative stress in involuting Magang geese. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the Wnt signaling pathway plays a significant role in alleviating the involution of the BF in Magang geese. Further cellular studies revealed that the addition of PAMK inhibited apoptosis and promoted cell cycle progression into the S and G2 phases. In summary, PAMK effectively mitigates the involution of the BF in Magang geese by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby enhancing humoral immunity and improving antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Liang
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhuokun Liu
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Peixi Xie
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Luyi Cen
- Hengfang Agricultural & Technology Co., Ltd, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Longsheng Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuying Gong
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wanyan Li
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Danning Xu
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Science & Technology Innovation Platform of Guangdong Waterfowl, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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6
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Yim IS, Zhang L, Rock LD, Rosin MP, Lin I, Laronde DM. A Longitudinal Study of E-Cadherin and Beta-Catenin in Progression of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia. J Oral Pathol Med 2025; 54:334-342. [PMID: 40106899 PMCID: PMC12077942 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the expression patterns of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and beta-catenin in mild and moderate oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) to determine whether their expression predicts malignant progression in oral tissue. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens with mild or moderate dysplasia were retrieved from 87 patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed to compare E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression in tissue sections that progressed to severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 29) with those that did not progress (n = 58). Expression patterns were observed in the basal, parabasal, lower spinous, and upper spinous epithelial layers. Expression was assessed in the cell membrane for E-cadherin and beta-catenin (low expression = absent/weak staining, high = moderate/strong) and in the cytoplasm and nucleus for beta-catenin (low = absence, high = presence). Logistic regression was used to predict progression based on the expression pattern. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the progression and expression patterns of E-cadherin and beta-catenin (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study found that the expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin was not a predictor of early malignant progression, highlighting the importance of longitudinal studies in studying progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilena S. Yim
- Faculty of DentistryThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- BC Oral Cancer Prevention Program, Cancer Control ResearchBC Cancer Research InstituteVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lewei Zhang
- Faculty of DentistryThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- BC Oral Cancer Prevention Program, Cancer Control ResearchBC Cancer Research InstituteVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Leigha D. Rock
- Faculty of DentistryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research InstituteHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Miriam P. Rosin
- BC Oral Cancer Prevention Program, Cancer Control ResearchBC Cancer Research InstituteVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Biomedical Physiology and KinesiologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Iris Lin
- Faculty of DentistryThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- BC Oral Cancer Prevention Program, Cancer Control ResearchBC Cancer Research InstituteVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Denise M. Laronde
- Faculty of DentistryThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- BC Oral Cancer Prevention Program, Cancer Control ResearchBC Cancer Research InstituteVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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7
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Higuchi Y, Teo JL, Yi D, Kahn M. Safely Targeting Cancer, the Wound That Never Heals, Utilizing CBP/Beta-Catenin Antagonists. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1503. [PMID: 40361430 PMCID: PMC12071182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, both normal somatic (SSC) and cancer stem cells (CSC) exist in minimally two states, i.e., quiescent and activated. Regulation of these two states, including their reliance on different metabolic processes, i.e., FAO and glycolysis in quiescent versus activated stem cells respectively, involves the analysis of a complex array of factors (nutrient and oxygen levels, adhesion molecules, cytokines, etc.) to initiate the epigenetic changes to either depart or enter quiescence. Quiescence is a critical feature of SSC that is required to maintain the genomic integrity of the stem cell pool, particularly in long lived complex organisms. Quiescence in CSC, whether they are derived from mutations arising in SSC, aberrant microenvironmental regulation, or via dedifferentiation of more committed progenitors, is a critical component of therapy resistance and disease latency and relapse. At the beginning of vertebrate evolution, approximately 450 million years ago, a gene duplication generated the two members of the Kat3 family, CREBBP (CBP) and EP300 (p300). Despite their very high degree of homology, these two Kat3 coactivators play critical and non-redundant roles at enhancers and super-enhancers via acetylation of H3K27, thereby controlling stem cell quiescence versus activation and the cells metabolic requirements. In this review/perspective, we discuss the unique regulatory roles of CBP and p300 and how specifically targeting the CBP/β-catenin interaction utilizing small molecule antagonists, can correct lineage infidelity and safely eliminate quiescent CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higuchi
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.-L.T.); (D.Y.)
| | - Daniel Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.-L.T.); (D.Y.)
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.-L.T.); (D.Y.)
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8
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Górka J, Miękus K. Molecular landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:524. [PMID: 40227498 PMCID: PMC11996749 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma and is characterized by a complex molecular landscape driven by genetic and epigenetic alternations. Among the crucial signaling pathways implicated in ccRCC, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a significant role in tumor progression and prognosis. This review delves into the molecular basis of ccRCC, highlighting the genetic and epigenetic modifications that contribute to its pathogenesis. We explore the significance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, focusing on its role in disease development, particularly the nuclear transport of β-catenin and its activation and downstream effects. Furthermore, we examine the role of antagonist genes in regulating this pathway within the context of ccRCC, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets. Dysregulation of this pathway, which is characterized by abnormal activation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, plays a significant role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. We explore the intricate molecular aspects of ccRCC, with a particular emphasis on this topic, underscoring the role of the pathway and emphasizing the importance and relevance of antagonist genes. Understanding the intricate interplay between these molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing innovative strategies to improve ccRCC treatment and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judyta Górka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miękus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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9
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Kuriakose BB. Beyond skin deep: exploring the complex molecular mechanisms and holistic management strategies of vitiligo. Arch Dermatol Res 2025; 317:685. [PMID: 40198440 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-025-04162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a multifactorial skin disorder characterized by the progressive loss of pigmentation due to the destruction of melanocytes, affecting 0.5-2% of the global population. This condition not only impacts physical appearance but also has profound psychosocial effects on patients. In this review, various aspects of vitiligo are explored, including its clinical forms, epidemiology, and underlying mechanisms. Advances in research have identified key molecular pathways, such as Wnt/β-Catenin, JAK-STAT, and AhR signaling, which are essential for melanocyte survival and immune regulation. These pathways provide valuable insights into the disease's progression and potential treatment targets. Furthermore, the role of microbial imbalances in the gut and skin microbiomes, stress-related factors, and nutritional deficiencies in influencing the onset and progression of vitiligo is investigated. The potential of herbal treatments to stimulate repigmentation is also discussed. By presenting a comprehensive overview, this review aims to deepen the understanding of vitiligo's complex pathology and foster the development of effective therapeutic strategies to enhance patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Briget Kuriakose
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Xue C, Chu Q, Shi Q, Zeng Y, Lu J, Li L. Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2025; 10:106. [PMID: 40180907 PMCID: PMC11968978 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-025-02142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in orchestrating cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, survival, and cell fate determination during development. Given its pivotal role in cellular communication, aberrant Wnt signaling has been extensively linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the Wnt pathway, detailing its signal transduction mechanisms and principal components. Furthermore, the complex network of interactions between Wnt cascades and other key signaling pathways, such as Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, FGF, and NF-κB, is explored. Genetic mutations affecting the Wnt pathway play a pivotal role in disease progression, with particular emphasis on Wnt signaling's involvement in cancer stem cell biology and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, this review underscores the diverse mechanisms through which Wnt signaling contributes to diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Finally, a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic progress targeting Wnt signaling was given, and the latest progress in disease treatment targeting key components of the Wnt signaling pathway was summarized in detail, including Wnt ligands/receptors, β-catenin destruction complexes, and β-catenin/TCF transcription complexes. The development of small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and combination therapy strategies was emphasized, while the current potential therapeutic challenges were summarized. This aims to enhance the current understanding of this key pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Pasca L, Politano D, Morelli F, Garau J, Signorini S, Valente EM, Borgatti R, Romaniello R. Biological pathways leading to septo-optic dysplasia: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2025; 20:157. [PMID: 40181463 PMCID: PMC11969957 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-025-03541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise etiology of septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) remains elusive, to date a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and prenatal exposure to environmental factors is believed to come into play. Being SOD such a heterogeneous condition, disruption of many developmental steps in the early forebrain development might occur. The knowledge of genes possibly determining SOD phenotype should be improved, therefore in this review the authors attempt to highlight the genetic pathways and genes related to this clinical condition. MAIN BODY Literature search was conducted and updated in November 2023, using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify primary research articles or case reports with available full text using the following search string "case reports," "humans," "septo-optic dysplasia," "optic nerve hypoplasia," with a recognized genetic diagnosis. Moreover, a review of genetic pathways with an involvement in SOD etiology was conducted. This review thus represents the authors' perspective based on selected literature. The several pathways presented might be already associated to other disease phenotypes and interplay with genes and pathways known to have a role in SOD determination. Those pathways may converge and thus, the implicated genes may function as cascading regulators at multiple levels. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that genes other than HESX1, SOX2, SOX3, and OTX2 might be investigated in candidate individuals with a clinical diagnosis of SOD corresponding to the presence of at least two diagnostic criteria, particularly in the presence of additional syndromic anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Pasca
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Politano
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Developmental Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Garau
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Developmental Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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12
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Mondal T, Chattopadhyay D, Saha Mondal P, Das S, Mondal A, Das A, Samanta S, Saha T. Fusobacterium nucleatum modulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer development. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 299:140196. [PMID: 39848378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway normally maintains cellular and tissue homeostasis by regulating cellular differentiation and survival in a controlled manner. An aberrantly regulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway can transform into an oncogenic pathway, which is associated with Colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as other cancers. CRC is one of the most frequently occurring gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. In CRC tissues, deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is observed, which indicates that this oncogenic pathway directly promotes CRC malignancy, cell migration, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, as well as shorter lifespan of a patient. Growing evidence suggests that human commensal microbes have a strong association with carcinogenesis, particularly the prevalence and high enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum in CRC progression. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the targeted pathways by F. nucleatum in CRC, where Fusobacterium adhesin attaches to E-cadherin to initiate infection. Also, Wnt/β-catenin pathway can be a potential target for the treatment of both CRC and F. nucleatum-positive CRC. Here, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of F. nucleatum-positive CRC development through modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and its possibility for the application in targeted therapy of F. nucleatum-positive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Mondal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepanjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Paromita Saha Mondal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Amalesh Mondal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India; Department of Physiology, Katwa Collage, Katwa, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713130, India
| | - Abhishek Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasree Samanta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanima Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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13
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Singh J, Verma D, Sarkar B, Paul MS, Mutsuddi M, Mukherjee A. Notch and LIM-homeodomain protein Arrowhead regulate each other in a feedback mechanism to play a role in wing and neuronal development in Drosophila. Open Biol 2025; 15:240247. [PMID: 40300650 PMCID: PMC12040464 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/01/2025] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling system that operates to influence an astonishing array of cell fate decisions in different developmental contexts. To identify novel effectors of Notch signalling, we analysed the whole transcriptome of Drosophila wing and eye imaginal discs in which an activated form of Notch was overexpressed. A LIM-homeodomain protein, Arrowhead (Awh), was identified as a novel candidate that plays a crucial role in Notch-mediated developmental events. Awh alleles show strong genetic interaction with Notch pathway components. Awh loss-of-function upregulates Notch targets Cut and Wingless. Awh gain-of-function downregulates Notch targets by reducing the expression of the ligand Delta. Consequently, the expression of the Wingless effector molecule Armadillo and its downstream targets, Senseless and Vestigial, also gets downregulated. Awh overexpression leads to ectopic expression of engrailed, a segment polarity gene in the anterior region of wing disc, leading to patterning defects. Additionally, Notch gain-of-function-mediated neuronal defects get significantly rescued with Awh overexpression. Activated Notch inhibits Awh activity, suggesting a regulatory loop between Awh and Notch. Additionally, the defects caused by Awh gain-of-function were remarkably rescued by Chip, a LIM interaction domain containing transcriptional co-factor. The present study highlights the novel feedback regulation between Awh and Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipti Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bappi Sarkar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Maimuna Sali Paul
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Lungu O, Toscani D, Giuliani N. Mechanistic insights into bone destruction in multiple myeloma: Cellular and molecular perspectives. J Bone Oncol 2025; 51:100668. [PMID: 40124903 PMCID: PMC11928850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2025.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that leads to significant bone destruction, resulting in debilitating pain and skeletal-related events. The pathophysiology of osteolytic bone destruction in MM involves complex interactions between malignant plasma cells (PCs) and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the cellular and molecular pathways underlying MM-associated bone disease. We discuss the role of osteoclast (OC), osteoblast (OB), osteocytes, along with the complex interactions between immune cells and the BM microenvironment in shaping disease progression. Additionally, we explore the molecular signaling pathways involved in bone disease as well as the influence of inflammatory cytokines, and the role of the metabolic alterations that characterize the MM BM. We also explore novel therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to improve clinical outcomes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the development of more effective treatments to prevent bone damage in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Lungu
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Unit, “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma”, Parma, Italy
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15
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Bou Najm D, Alame S, Takash Chamoun W. Unraveling the Role of Wnt Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2025; 62:4971-4992. [PMID: 39489840 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficit, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior. Several studies suggested a link between autism and the dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway which is mainly involved in cell fate determination, cell migration, cell polarity, neural patterning, and organogenesis. Despite the absence of effective therapy, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ASD. Neuropharmacological studies showed that drugs acting on the Wnt pathway like Canagliflozin can alleviate autistic-like behavior in animal models. Hence, this pathway could potentially be a futuristic therapeutic target to mitigate autism's symptoms. This systematic review aims to collect and analyze evidence that elucidates how alterations in the Wnt pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism in animal models at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus to identify relevant studies up to March 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed experimental studies that focused on the link between autism and this pathway, and the quality assessment was ensured by SYRCLE's risk of bias tools. Collectively, the included articles highlighted the possible implication of this pathway in the abnormalities found in autism, which impacted processes such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and neurogenesis. These alterations could underlie autistic behavior by affecting synaptic transmission and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bou Najm
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Saada Alame
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Wafaa Takash Chamoun
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
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16
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Sasi N, Preetha D, Iyyappan S, Selvamurugan N. Circular RNAs: Emerging regulators of signaling pathways in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis during breast cancer progression. Semin Oncol 2025; 52:152340. [PMID: 40220369 DOI: 10.1016/j.seminoncol.2025.152340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 03/01/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and cellular activities, and abnormalities in circRNAs in breast cancer have been linked to important biological processes like epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, both essential for tumor metastasis. EMT facilitates the transition of epithelial cancer cells into a mesenchymal phenotype, enhancing their invasive and migratory capabilities, while angiogenesis promotes tumor progression by forming new blood vessels. CircRNAs also interact with microRNAs to regulate signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt/-catenin, and VEGF. Besides EMT and angiogenesis, studies have identified that circRNAs affect metabolic reprogramming, chemoresistance, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immunological evasion. Thus, circRNAs play a multifaceted role in the development of breast cancer. They hold potential as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets due to their high stability, resistance to exonuclease degradation, abundance in body fluids, and diverse expression patterns across different tissues. This review summarizes and critically assesses existing understanding of the functional roles and molecular processes of circRNAs in controlling EMT and angiogenesis during breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivruthi Sasi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dilipkumar Preetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Iyyappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Porfyris O, Detopoulou P, Adamantidi T, Tsoupras A, Papageorgiou D, Ioannidis A, Rojas Gil AP. Phytochemicals as Chemo-Preventive and Therapeutic Agents Against Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Diseases 2025; 13:103. [PMID: 40277814 PMCID: PMC12026019 DOI: 10.3390/diseases13040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 03/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer has a high incidence worldwide and is characterized by a high recurrence rate, metastatic potential, and a significant socioeconomic burden. Conventional treatment modalities usually exhibit serious adverse complications, which also negatively affect patients' quality of life. In the context of exploring new treatment approaches with fewer side effects, the utilization of natural compounds as alternative and/or complementary therapeutic options seems appealing. In the present study, the potential use and effects of various bioactive phytochemicals, including curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin, genistein, and several others, in bladder cancer treatment are thoroughly reviewed. A special focus is given to their potential to beneficially modulate important molecular signaling pathways and mechanisms affecting cell survival, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK, Wnt/β-Catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo, JAK2/STAT3, and PAF/PAF-receptor pathways. Nevertheless, most studies have been conducted in cell cultures and animal models. Due to differences in genetics and metabolism, more clinical trials are needed to ensure the bio-efficacy of these phytochemicals in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Porfyris
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, Akadimaikou GK, 3 Building OAED, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (O.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Theodora Adamantidi
- Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, 65404 Kavala, Greece; (T.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala University Campus, 65404 Kavala, Greece; (T.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Dimitris Papageorgiou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese Panarcadian Hospital of Tripoli, Red Cross Terminal (Administrative Services) 2nd Floor, 22100 Tripoli, Greece;
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, Akadimaikou GK, 3 Building OAED, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (O.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas Gil
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, Akadimaikou GK, 3 Building OAED, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (O.P.); (A.I.)
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18
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Terra ML, Sant’Anna TBF, de Barros JJF, de Araujo NM. Geographic and Viral Etiology Patterns of TERT Promoter and CTNNB1 Exon 3 Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2889. [PMID: 40243493 PMCID: PMC11988703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26072889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Genetic alterations play a critical role in hepatocarcinogenesis, with mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) and CTNNB1 exon 3 representing two of the most frequently reported somatic events in HCC. However, the frequency and distribution of these mutations vary across geographic regions and viral etiologies, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study aimed to assess the global distribution and etiological associations of TERTp and CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations in HCC through a comprehensive literature review. Our analysis, encompassing over 4000 HCC cases, revealed that TERTp mutations were present in 49.2% of tumors, with C228T being the predominant variant (93.3% among mutated cases). A striking contrast was observed between viral etiologies: TERTp mutations were detected in 31.6% of HBV-related HCCs, compared to 66.2% in HCV-related cases. CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations were identified in 23.1% of HCCs, showing a similar association with viral etiology, being more common in HCV-related cases (30.7%) than in HBV-related tumors (12.8%). Geographically, both mutations exhibited comparable patterns, with higher frequencies in Europe, Japan, and the USA, while lower rates were observed in China, Taiwan, and South Korea. Our findings underscore the distinct molecular profiles of HCC according to viral etiology and geographic origin, highlighting the need for region- and etiology-specific approaches to HCC prevention, diagnosis, and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia Motta de Araujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.L.T.); (T.B.F.S.); (J.J.F.d.B.)
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19
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Padash Barmchi M, Hassan RN, Afkhami M, Masly JP, Brown H, Collins QP, Grunsted MJ. Drosophila model of HPV18-Induced pathogenesis reveals a role for E6 oncogene in regulation of NF-κB and Wnt to inhibit apoptosis. Tumour Virus Res 2025; 19:200316. [PMID: 40074036 PMCID: PMC12008589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2025.200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/08/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancers caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) remain a significant health threat resulting in more than 300,000 deaths, annually. Persistent expression of two HPV oncogenes, E6 and E7, are necessary for cancer development and progression. E6 has several functions contributing to tumorigenesis one of which is blocking programmed cell death, apoptosis. The detailed mechanism of anti-apoptosis function of E6 is not fully understood. Here, using a Drosophila model of HPV18E6 and the human UBE3A-induced pathogenesis, we show that anti-apoptotic function of E6 is conserved in Drosophila. We demonstrate that the Drosophila homologs of human NF-κB transcription factors, Dorsal and Dif are proapoptotic. They induce the expression of Wingless (Wg, the Drosophila homolog of human Wnt), leading to apoptosis. Our results indicate that E6 oncogene inhibits apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Wg, Dorsal, and Dif. Additionally, we find that Dorsal and Dif, not only promote apoptosis but also regulate autophagy and necrosis. Dorsal promotes autophagy while Dif counteracts it, inducing the formation of acidic vacuoles and necrosis. Interestingly, although E6 blocks the proapoptotic function of Dorsal and Dif, it lacks the ability to interfere with their role in apoptosis-independent cell death. Given the high conservation of NF-κB transcription factors our results provide new insight into potential mechanisms mediated by NF-κB to intervene with cell immortalization action of E6 oncoprotein in HPV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami N Hassan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Afkhami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - John P Masly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Harrison Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Quincy P Collins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Michael J Grunsted
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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20
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Vasu M, Ahlawat S, Arora R, Sharma R. Deciphering the molecular drivers for cashmere/pashmina fiber production in goats: a comprehensive review. Mamm Genome 2025; 36:162-182. [PMID: 39904908 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-025-10109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
Cashmere, also known as pashmina, is derived from the secondary hair follicles of Cashmere/Changthangi goats. Renowned as the world's most luxurious natural fiber, it holds significant economic value in the textile industry. This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of the complex biological processes governing cashmere/pashmina fiber development and quality, enabling advancements in selective breeding and fiber enhancement strategies. The review specifically examines the molecular determinants influencing fiber development, with an emphasis on keratins (KRTs) and keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs). It also explores the roles of key molecular pathways, including Wnt, Notch, BMP, NF-kappa B, VEGF, cAMP, PI3K-Akt, ECM, cell adhesion, Hedgehog, MAPK, Ras, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, mTOR, melanogenesis, FoxO, Hippo, and Rap1 signaling. Understanding these intricate molecular cascades provides valuable insights into the mechanisms orchestrating hair follicle growth, further advancing the biology of this coveted natural fiber. Expanding multi-omics approaches will enhance breeding precision and deepen our understanding of molecular pathways influencing cashmere production. Future research should address critical gaps, such as the impact of environmental factors, epigenetic modifications, and functional studies of genetic variants. Collaboration among breeders, researchers, and policymakers is essential for translating genomic advancements into practical applications. Such efforts can promote sustainable practices, conserve biodiversity, and ensure the long-term viability of high-quality cashmere production. Aligning genetic insights with conservation strategies will support the sustainable growth of the cashmere industry while preserving its economic and ecological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahanthi Vasu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rekha Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
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21
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Chakkingal Bhaskaran B, Meyermans R, Gorssen W, Van den Bogaert K, Bouhuijzen Wenger J, Maes GE, Buyse J, Janssens S, Buys N. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes and key signalling pathways associated with cryptorchidism in pigs. Sci Rep 2025; 15:6307. [PMID: 39984550 PMCID: PMC11845729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism, a prevalent congenital defect in pigs, raises animal welfare and economic concerns in the breeding industry. This study utilized a genome-wide transcriptome analysis, examining samples from the pituitary gland, cremaster muscle and testis of one-week-old piglets. In the cremaster muscle of cryptorchid piglets,1225 genes exhibited significant differential expression (log2FoldChange = |2.0|, p-adjusted value ≤ 0.01). Downregulated genes were linked to biological processes like muscle tissue development and actin cytoskeleton organization. Pathway analysis further revealed the suppression of metabolic pathways including 'Oxidative phosphorylation', 'TCA cycle' and 'Motor Proteins'. Notably, several genes integral to the motor protein pathway were significantly downregulated. Additionally, crucial genes in the noncanonical Wnt signalling pathway that regulates tissue morphogenesis and repair during the embryonic stage, were also suppressed. Our results indicate that a disruption in the normal testicular descent is accompanied by the suppression of major genes in the motor protein pathway, potentially hampering the presumed role of the cremaster muscle in testicular descent. However, we propose this to be a consequence of the down regulation of key genes in the noncanonical Wnt signalling pathway. Based on our findings, future research might be able to uncover causal mutations related to the expression of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Chakkingal Bhaskaran
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
| | - Roel Meyermans
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Wim Gorssen
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Animal Genomics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Universitätstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Kasper Van den Bogaert
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jess Bouhuijzen Wenger
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Steven Janssens
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Nadine Buys
- Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
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22
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Ding Y, Chen Q. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: an attractive potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2025; 14:1456959. [PMID: 40028002 PMCID: PMC11867957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1456959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents, and although current neoadjuvant chemotherapy has shown efficacy against OS, the long-term survival rate for patients with OS remains low, highlighting the need to find more effective treatments. In cancer cells, abnormal activation of signaling pathways can widely affect cell activity from growth and proliferation to apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Wnt/β-catenin is a complex and unique signaling pathway that is considered to be one of the most important carcinogenic pathways in human cancer. Research have confirmed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important driving factor for the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma, and abnormal activation of this pathway can promote the pathological processes of cell proliferation, invasion, migration, tumor angiogenesis and chemical resistance of osteosarcoma. However, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can effectively inhibit or reverse the above pathological processes. Therefore, manipulating the expression or function of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a potential targeted pathway for the treatment of OS. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and summarize the role and mechanism of this pathway in OS. This paper discusses the therapeutic significance of inhibiting or targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway in OS and the shortcomings of current studies on this pathway in OS and the problems to be solved. This review helps us to understand the role of Wnt/β-catenin on OS, and provides a theoretical basis and new ideas for targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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23
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Wang Y, Liu W, Lai X, Miao H, Xiong X. PGAM1: a potential therapeutic target mediating Wnt/β-catenin signaling drives breast cancer progression. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:161. [PMID: 39934550 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-01939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) has been identified as a key player in the progression and metastasis of various human cancer types, including breast cancer (BC); however, its precise oncogenic mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the oncogenic mechanisms of PGAM1 and establish its potential as a therapeutic target. Comprehensive analyses from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases revealed a significant upregulation of PGAM1 in BC, correlating with poor clinical outcomes. Additionally, elevated expression of PGAM1 was confirmed in clinical BC samples. Silencing PGAM1 with specific small hairpin RNA in BC cells resulted in a marked reduction in cell proliferation, invasiveness and migration, alongside increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In vivo experiments using tumor-bearing nude mice demonstrated that PGAM1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor volume and weight, effectively inhibiting tumor growth. Mechanistic investigations suggested that PGAM1 promoted BC tumorigenesis through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the upregulation of PGAM1 in BC enhances malignancy via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, highlighting PGAM1 as a promising therapeutic target for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Lai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixiong Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, 396 Tongfu Zhong Road, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xifeng Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, 396 Tongfu Zhong Road, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Lialios P, Alimperti S. Role of E-cadherin in epithelial barrier dysfunction: implications for bacterial infection, inflammation, and disease pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025; 15:1506636. [PMID: 40007608 PMCID: PMC11850337 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1506636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barriers serve as critical defense lines against microbial infiltration and maintain tissue homeostasis. E-cadherin, an essential component of adherens junctions, has emerged as a pivotal molecule that secures epithelial homeostasis. Lately, its pleiotropic role beyond barrier function, including its involvement in immune responses, has become more evident. Herein, we delve into the intricate relationship between (dys)regulation of epithelial homeostasis and the versatile functionality of E-cadherin, describing complex mechanisms that underlie barrier integrity and disruption in disease pathogenesis such as bacterial infection and inflammation, among others. Clinical implications of E-cadherin perturbations in host pathophysiology are emphasized; downregulation, proteolytic phenomena, abnormal localization/signaling and aberrant immune reactions are linked with a broad spectrum of pathology beyond infectious diseases. Finally, potential therapeutic interventions that may harness E-cadherin to mitigate barrier-associated tissue damage are explored. Overall, this review highlights the crucial role of E-cadherin in systemic health, offering insights that could pave the way for strategies to reinforce/restore barrier integrity and treat related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lialios
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stella Alimperti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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25
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Hartmann HA, Loberg MA, Xu GJ, Schwarzkopf AC, Chen SC, Phifer CJ, Caroland K, Chen HC, Diaz D, Tigue ML, Hesterberg AB, Gallant JN, Shaddy SM, Sheng Q, Netterville JL, Rohde SL, Solórzano CC, Bischoff LA, Baregamian N, Hurley PJ, Murphy BA, Choe JH, Huang EC, Ye F, Lee E, Weiss VL. Tenascin-C Potentiates Wnt Signaling in Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinology 2025; 166:bqaf030. [PMID: 39951495 PMCID: PMC11843548 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is highly expressed during embryonic development and re-expressed during wound healing, inflammation, and neoplasia. Studies in developmental models suggest that TNC may regulate the Wnt signaling pathway. Our laboratory has shown high levels of Wnt signaling and TNC expression in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a highly lethal cancer with an abysmal approximately 3- to 5-month median survival. Here, we investigated the role of TNC in facilitating ligand-dependent Wnt signaling in thyroid cancer. We used bulk RNA-sequencing from 3 independent multi-institutional thyroid cancer patient cohorts. TNC expression was spatially localized in patient tumors with RNA in situ hybridization. The role of TNC was investigated in vitro using Wnt reporter assays and in vivo with a NOD.PrkdcscidIl2rg-/- mouse ATC xenograft tumor model. TNC expression was associated with aggressive thyroid cancer behavior, including anaplastic histology, extrathyroidal extension, and metastasis. Spatial localization of TNC in patient tissue demonstrated a dramatic increase in expression within cancer cells along the invasive edge, adjacent to Wnt ligand-producing fibroblasts. TNC expression was also increased in areas of intravascular invasion. In vitro, TNC bound Wnt ligands and potentiated Wnt signaling. Finally, in an ATC mouse model, TNC increased Wnt signaling, tumor burden, invasion, and metastasis. Altogether, TNC potentiated ligand-driven Wnt signaling and promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis in a mouse model of thyroid cancer. Understanding the role of TNC and its interaction with Wnt ligands could lead to the development of novel biomarkers and targeted therapeutics for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew A Loberg
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - George J Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna C Schwarzkopf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Courtney J Phifer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kailey Caroland
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hua-Chang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Diana Diaz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan L Tigue
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amanda B Hesterberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jean-Nicolas Gallant
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sophia M Shaddy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James L Netterville
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah L Rohde
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carmen C Solórzano
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lindsay A Bischoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Naira Baregamian
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paula J Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Barbara A Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer H Choe
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eric C Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vivian L Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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26
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Liu L, Luo S, Li Q, Huang K, Jiang Y, Zeng L, Lan X, Li Q, Xiao J. Role of Wnt5a in modulation of osteoporotic adipose-derived stem cells and osteogenesis. Cell Prolif 2025; 58:e13747. [PMID: 39288944 PMCID: PMC11839189 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a condition marked by the deterioration of bone microarchitecture and increased facture risk, arises from a disruption in bone metabolism, with osteoclasts surpassing osteoblasts in bone resorption versus formation. The Wnt signalling pathway, a key regulator of bone maintenance, remains partially understood in osteoporosis. Our research delves into the role of Wnt-related molecules in this disease. In osteoporotic adipose-derived stem cells (OP-ASCs), we detected a significant decrease in Ctnnb1 and Frizzled-6 (Fzd6), contrasted by an increase in Gsk-3β and Wnt5a. Activation of the Wnt pathway by LiCl resulted in elevated Ctnnb1 and Fzd6, but decreased Gsk-3β and Wnt5a levels, promoting OP-ASCs' bone-formation capacity. In contrast, inhibition of this pathway by DKK-1 led to diminished Ctnnb1 and Fzd6, and increased Gsk-3β and Wnt5a, adversely affecting osteogenesis. Furthermore, our findings show that overexpressing Wnt5a impedes, while silencing it enhances the bone-forming capability of OP-ASCs. In a cranial bone defect model, the implantation of Wnt5a-silenced OP-ASCs with biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds significantly promoted new bone formation. These observations indicated a repression of the canonical Wnt pathway and a stimulation of the non-canonical pathway in OP-ASCs. Silencing Wnt5a increased the osteogenic and regenerative abilities of OP-ASCs. Our study suggests targeting Wnt5a could be a promising strategy for enhancing bone regeneration in post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Shihong Luo
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Qiumei Li
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Kui Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Medical Service Center of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| | - Lu Zeng
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Xiaorong Lan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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27
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Guo X, Yang L, Wang Y, Yuan M, Zhang W, He X, Wang Q. Wnt2bb signaling promotes pharyngeal chondrogenic precursor proliferation and chondrocyte maturation by activating Yap expression in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2025; 52:220-230. [PMID: 39566725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Pharyngeal cartilage morphogenesis is crucial for the formation of craniofacial structures. Cranial neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border, migrate to pharyngeal arches, and differentiate into pharyngeal chondrocytes, which subsequently flatten, elongate, and stack like coins during maturation. Although the developmental processes prior to chondrocyte maturation have been extensively studied, their subsequent changes in morphology and organization remain largely elusive. Here, we show that wnt2bb is expressed in the pharyngeal ectoderm adjacent to the chondrogenic precursor cells in zebrafish. Inactivation of Wnt2bb leads to a reduction in nuclear β-catenin, which impairs chondrogenic precursor proliferation and disrupts chondrocyte morphogenesis and organization, eventually causing a severe shrinkage of pharyngeal cartilages. Moreover, the decrease of β-catenin in wnt2bb-/- mutants is accompanied by the reduction of Yap expression. Reactivation of Yap can restore the proliferation of chondrocyte progenitors as well as the proper size, shape, and stacking of pharyngeal chondrocytes. Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes Yap expression to regulate pharyngeal cartilage formation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mengna Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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28
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Azargoonjahromi A, Abutalebian F, Hoseinpour F. The role of resveratrol in neurogenesis: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2025; 83:e257-e272. [PMID: 38511504 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Resveratrol (RV) is a natural compound found in grapes, wine, berries, and peanuts and has potential health benefits-namely, neurogenesis improvement. Neurogenesis, which is the process through which new neurons or nerve cells are generated in the brain, occurs in the subventricular zone and hippocampus and is influenced by various factors. RV has been shown to increase neural stem cell proliferation and survival, improving cognitive function in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Thus, to provide a convergent and unbiased conclusion of the available evidence on the correlation between the RV and neurogenesis, a systematic review needs to be undertaken meticulously and with appropriate attention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review any potential connection between the RV and neurogenesis in animal models. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION Based on the particular selection criteria, 8 original animal studies that investigated the relationship between RV and neurogenesis were included. Studies written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals with no restrictions on the starting date of publication on August 17, 2023, were searched in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Furthermore, data were extracted and analyzed independently by 2 researchers and then reviewed by a third researcher, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. This project followed PRISMA reporting standards. DATA ANALYSIS In the studies analyzed in this review, there is a definite correlation between RV and neurogenesis, meaning that RV intake, irrespective of the mechanisms thereof, can boost neurogenesis in both the subventricular zone and hippocampus. CONCLUSION This finding, albeit with some limitations, provides a plausible indication of RV's beneficial function in neurogenesis. Indeed, RV intake may result in neurogenesis benefits-namely, cognitive function, mood regulation, stress resilience, and neuroprotection, potentially preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Abutalebian
- Department of Biotechnology and Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hoseinpour
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
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29
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Armstrong R, Marks NJ, Geary TG, Harrington J, Selzer PM, Maule AG. Wnt/β-catenin signalling underpins juvenile Fasciola hepatica growth and development. PLoS Pathog 2025; 21:e1012562. [PMID: 39919127 PMCID: PMC11805424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Infection by the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, places a substantial burden on the global agri-food industry and poses a significant threat to human health in endemic regions. Widespread resistance to a limited arsenal of chemotherapeutics, including the frontline flukicide triclabendazole (TCBZ), renders F. hepatica control unsustainable and accentuates the need for novel therapeutic target discovery. A key facet of F. hepatica biology is a population of specialised stem cells which drive growth and development - their dysregulation is hypothesised to represent an appealing avenue for control. The exploitation of this system as a therapeutic target is impeded by a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning F. hepatica growth and development. Wnt signalling pathways govern a myriad of stem cell processes during embryogenesis and drive tumorigenesis in adult tissues in animals. Here, we identify five putative Wnt ligands and five Frizzled receptors in liver fluke transcriptomic datasets and find that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is most active in juveniles, the most pathogenic life stage. FISH-mediated transcript localisation revealed partitioning of the five Wnt ligands, with each displaying a distinct expression pattern, consistent with each Wnt regulating the development of different cell/tissue types. The silencing of each individual Wnt or Frizzled gene yielded significant reductions in juvenile worm growth and, in select cases, blunted the proliferation of neoblast-like cells. Notably, silencing FhCTNNB1, the key effector of the Wnt/β-catenin signal cascade led to aberrant development of the neuromuscular system which ultimately proved lethal - the first report of a lethal RNAi-induced phenotype in F. hepatica. The absence of any discernible phenotypes following the silencing of the inhibitory Wnt/β-catenin destruction complex components is consistent with low destruction complex activity in rapidly developing juvenile worms, corroborates transcriptomic expression profiles and underscores the importance of Wnt signalling as a key molecular driver of growth and development in early-stage juvenile fluke. The putative pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling using commercially available inhibitors phenocopied RNAi results and provides impetus for drug repurposing. Taken together, these data functionally and chemically validate the targeting of Wnt signalling as a novel strategy to undermine the pathogenicity of juvenile F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Armstrong
- Understanding Health and Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Understanding Health and Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy G. Geary
- Understanding Health and Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Harrington
- Parasitology, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Duluth, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Selzer
- Parasitology, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Understanding Health and Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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30
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Limlawan P, Vacharaksa A. MicroRNA functions in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells: a scoping review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2025; 6:1423226. [PMID: 39959357 PMCID: PMC11825769 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2025.1423226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to describe the differential microRNA (miRNA) functions in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and then analyze the potential of applying PDLSCs and miRNAs in bone regeneration. The databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO search were performed by the 4 themes, including periodontal ligament stem cells, miRNA, osteogenic differentiation, and tissue regeneration. The original articles described miRNA functions in osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs were identified and selected for content analyze. The articles suggested that PDLSCs have high potential in bone regeneration because of their multipotency and immunomodulation. PDLSCs are conveniently accessible and obtained from extracted teeth. However, recent evidence reported that PDLSCs of various origins demonstrate differential characteristics of osteogenic differentiation. Exosomal miRNAs of PDLSCs demonstrate a regulatory role in tissue regeneration. The properties of PDLSCs associated to miRNA functions are altered in differential microenvironmental conditions such as infection, inflammation, high-glucose environment, or mechanical force. Therefore, these factors must be considered when inflamed PDLSCs are used for tissue regeneration. The results suggested inflammation-free PDLSCs harvested from the middle third of root surface provide the best osteogenic potential. Alternatively, the addition of miRNA as a bioactive molecule also increases the success of PDLSCs therapy to enhance their osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, Exosome-derived miRNAs play a key role in PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation during tissue regeneration. While the success of PDLSCs in tissue regeneration could be uncertain by many factors, the use of miRNAs as an adjunct is beneficial for new bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirawish Limlawan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence and Innovation for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anjalee Vacharaksa
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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31
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Liu C, Peng B, Zou P, Jia X, Zou Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang Y. The Masculinizing gene is a candidate male pathway developmental factor in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Gene 2025; 935:149083. [PMID: 39527991 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.149083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The Masculinizer (Masc) gene plays a crucial role in masculinization during insect embryonic gonadal development. Nevertheless, the Masc expression pattern and function in crabs remain largely unknown. In the present study, we screened and validated the Masc gene from transcriptome data of mud crab S. paramamosain. The Masc relative transcript level in the testis was significantly higher than that of ovaries and other tissues, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. In situ hybridization showed that Masc exhibited a significant signal throughout all stages of testicular development. The phylogenetic analysis revealed conservation in the evolution of crustaceans, potentially indicating its functional importance. Masc RNA interference showed that the expression of testis bias-related genes decreased significantly while the ovary bias-related genes increased significantly. Transcriptome data suggested that Masc regulates several signaling pathways, including the mTOR, Wnt, insulin, and other sex-related pathways. These results indicate that Masc may play a role in mud crab male development with possible application in sex control in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bohao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Ahanger AB, Aalam SW, Masoodi TA, Shah A, Khan MA, Bhat AA, Assad A, Macha MA, Bhat MR. Radiogenomics and machine learning predict oncogenic signaling pathways in glioblastoma. J Transl Med 2025; 23:121. [PMID: 39871351 PMCID: PMC11773707 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor associated with a poor patient prognosis. The survival rate remains low despite standard therapies, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Advanced imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are crucial in assessing GBM. Disruptions in various oncogenic signaling pathways, such as Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)-Ras-Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, Phosphoinositide 3- Kinases (PI3Ks), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (NOTCH), contribute to the development of different tumor types, each exhibiting distinct morphological and phenotypic features that can be observed at a microscopic level. However, identifying genetic abnormalities for targeted therapy often requires invasive procedures, prompting exploration into non-invasive approaches like radiogenomics. This study explores the utility of radiogenomics and machine learning (ML) in predicting these oncogenic signaling pathways in GBM patients. METHODS We collected post-operative MRI scans (T1w, T1c, FLAIR, T2w) from the BRATS-19 dataset, including scans from patients with both GBM and LGG, linked to genetic and clinical data via TCGA and CPTAC. Signaling pathway data was manually extracted from cBioPortal. Radiomic features were extracted from four MRI modalities using PyRadiomics. Dimensionality reduction and feature selection were applied and Data imbalance was addressed with SMOTE. Five ML models were trained to predict signaling pathways, with Grid Search optimizing hyperparameters and 5-fold cross-validation ensuring unbiased performance. Each model's performance was evaluated using various metrics on test data. RESULTS Our results showed a positive association between most signaling pathways and the radiomic features derived from MRI scans. The best models achieved high AUC scores, namely 0.7 for RTK-RAS, 0.8 for PI3K, 0.75 for TP53, and 0.4 for NOTCH, and therefore, demonstrated the potential of ML models in accurately predicting oncogenic signaling pathways from radiomic features, thereby informing personalized therapeutic approaches and improving patient outcomes. CONCLUSION We present a novel approach for the non-invasive prediction of deregulation in oncogenic signaling pathways in glioblastoma (GBM) by integrating radiogenomic data with machine learning models. This research contributes to advancing precision medicine in GBM management, highlighting the importance of integrating radiomics with genomic data to understand tumor behavior and treatment response better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit Ahanger
- Department of Computer Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Syed Wajid Aalam
- Department of Computer Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Kashmir, 192122, India
| | | | - Asma Shah
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Meraj Alam Khan
- DigiBiomics Inc, 3052 Owls Foot Drive, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assif Assad
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Kashmir, 192122, India.
| | - Muzafar Rasool Bhat
- Department of Computer Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Kashmir, 192122, India.
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Nayak A, Streiff H, Gonzalez I, Adekoya OO, Silva I, Shenoy AK. Wnt Pathway-Targeted Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Integrating Benchside Insights with Bedside Applications. Cells 2025; 14:178. [PMID: 39936971 PMCID: PMC11816596 DOI: 10.3390/cells14030178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is critical in the onset and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Anomalies in this pathway, often stemming from mutations in critical components such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or β-catenin, lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival. In the case of colorectal cancer, dysregulation of the Wnt pathway drives tumor initiation and growth. Similarly, aberrant Wnt signaling contributes to tumor development, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in other GI cancers, such as gastric, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Targeting the Wnt pathway or its downstream effectors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for combating these highly aggressive GI malignancies. Here, we review the dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of GI cancers and further explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the various components of the Wnt pathway. Furthermore, we summarize and integrate the preclinical evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of potent Wnt pathway inhibitors with completed and ongoing clinical trials in GI cancers. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of Wnt pathway-targeted therapies in GI cancers to overcome these concerns for effective clinical translation.
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Burroughs AM, Nicastro GG, Aravind L. The Lipocone Superfamily: A Unifying Theme In Metabolism Of Lipids, Peptidoglycan And Exopolysaccharides, Inter-Organismal Conflicts And Immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.14.632903. [PMID: 40236132 PMCID: PMC11996534 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.14.632903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are critical signaling molecules in developmental processes across animals. Despite intense study, their evolutionary roots have remained enigmatic. Using sensitive sequence analysis and structure modeling, we establish that the Wnts are part of a vast assemblage of domains, the Lipocone superfamily, defined here for the first time. It includes previously studied enzymatic domains like the phosphatidylserine synthases (PTDSS1/2) and the TelC toxin domain from Streptococcus intermedius , the enigmatic VanZ proteins, the animal Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and a further host of uncharacterized proteins in a total of 30 families. Though the metazoan Wnts are catalytically inactive, we present evidence for a conserved active site across this superfamily, versions of which are consistently predicted to operate on head groups of either phospholipids or polyisoprenoid lipids, catalyzing transesterification and phosphate-containing head group severance reactions. We argue that this superfamily originated as membrane proteins, with one branch (including Wnt and SAA) evolving into soluble versions. By comprehensively analyzing contextual information networks derived from comparative genomics, we establish that they act in varied functional contexts, including regulation of membrane lipid composition, extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis, and biogenesis of bacterial outer-membrane components, like lipopolysaccharides. On multiple occasions, members of this superfamily, including the bacterial progenitors of Wnt and SAA, have been recruited as effectors in biological conflicts spanning inter-organismal interactions and anti-viral immunity in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These findings establish a unifying theme in lipid biochemistry, explain the origins of Wnt signaling and provide new leads regarding immunity across the tree of life.
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Nurhidayat L, Benes V, Blom S, Gomes I, Firdausi N, de Bakker MAG, Spaink HP, Richardson MK. Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers. BMC Biol 2025; 23:6. [PMID: 39780185 PMCID: PMC11715542 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regeneration is the replacement of lost or damaged tissue with a functional copy. In axolotls and zebrafish, regeneration involves stem cells produced by de-differentiation. These cells form a growth zone which expresses developmental patterning genes at its apex. This system resembles an embryonic developmental field where cells undergo pattern formation. Some lizards, including geckos, can regenerate their tails, but it is unclear whether they show a "development-like" regeneration pathway. RESULTS Using the tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) model species, we examined seven stages of tail regeneration, and three stages of embryonic tail bud development, using transcriptomics, single-cell sequencing, and in situ hybridization. We find no apical growth zone in the regenerating tail. The transcriptomes of the regenerating vs. embryonic tails are quite different with respect to developmental patterning genes. Posterior HOXC genes were activated in a temporally collinear sequence in the regenerating tail. The major precursor populations were stromal cells (regenerating tail) vs. pluripotent stem cells (embryonic tail). Segmented skeletal muscles were regenerated with no expression of classical segmentation genes, but with the early activation of satellite cell markers. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that tail regeneration in the tokay gecko-unlike tail development-might rely on the activation of resident stem cells, guided by pre-existing positional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luthfi Nurhidayat
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Teknika Selatan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Sira Blom
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Gomes
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nisrina Firdausi
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn A G de Bakker
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael K Richardson
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Qu X, Yang R, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Astrocytes-Secreted WNT5B Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier Via ROR1/JNK/c-JUN Cascade During Meningitic Escherichia Coli Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2025; 62:661-673. [PMID: 38896157 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex structure that separates the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral blood circulation. Effective communication between different cell types within the BBB is crucial for its proper functioning and maintenance of homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate that meningitic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced WNT5B plays a role in facilitating intercellular communication between astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). We discovered that astrocytes-derived WNT5B activates the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway JNK/c-JUN in BMECs through its receptor ROR1, leading to inhibition of ZO-1 expression and impairment of the tight junction integrity in BMECs. Notably, our findings reveal that c-JUN, a transcription factor, directly regulates ZO-1 expression. By employing a dual luciferase reporting system and chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques, we identified specific binding sites of c-JUN on the ZO-1 promoter region. Overall, our study highlights the involvement of WNT5B in mediating intercellular communication between astrocytes and BMECs, provides insights into the role of WNT5B in meningitic E. coli-induced disruption of BBB integrity, and suggests potential therapeutic targeting of WNT5B as a strategy to address BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruicheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Azhdari M, Zur Hausen A. Wnt/β-catenin and notch signaling pathways in cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms and therapeutics approaches. Pharmacol Res 2025; 211:107565. [PMID: 39725339 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Wnt and Notch signaling pathways play crucial roles in the development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. These pathways regulate important cellular processes in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, which are the key cell types involved in the structure and function of the heart and vasculature. During embryonic development, Wnt and Notch signaling coordinate cell fate specification, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis of the heart and blood vessels. In the adult cardiovascular system, these pathways continue to maintain tissue homeostasis and arrange adaptive responses to various physiological and pathological stimuli. Dysregulation of Wnt and Notch signaling has been involved in the pathogenesis of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Abnormal activation or suppression of these pathways in specific cell types can contribute to endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, impaired cardiac contractility and dead. Understanding the complex interplay between Wnt and Notch signaling in the cardiovascular system has led to the investigation of these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in clinical trials. In conclusion, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the roles of Wnt and Notch signaling in the development and homeostasis of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. It further discusses the dysregulation of these pathways in the context of major cardiovascular diseases and the ongoing clinical investigations targeting Wnt and Notch signaling for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manizheh Azhdari
- Pathologie, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fac. Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht university, MUMC, the Netherland.
| | - Axel Zur Hausen
- Pathologie, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fac. Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht university, MUMC, the Netherland.
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Ramakrishnan K, Sanjeev D, Rehman N, Raju R. A Network Map of Intracellular Alpha-Fetoprotein Signalling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2025; 32:e14035. [PMID: 39668590 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein of foetal origin belonging to the albumin protein family. Serum AFP is a long-conceived early-diagnostic biomarker for HCC with its elevated expression in different liver pathologies ranging from hepatitis viral infections to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Beyond their utility as biomarkers, in support of its contribution to these clinical outcomes, the function of AFP as an immune suppressor and inducer of malignant transformation in HCC patients is well reported. Multiple reports show that AFP is secreted by hepatocytes, binds to its cognate receptor, AFP-receptor (AFPR), and exerts its actions. However, there is only limited information available in this context. There is an urgent need to gather more insight into the AFP signalling pathway and consider it a classical intracellular signalling pathway, among others. AFP is a highly potent intracellular molecule that has the potential to bind to many interactors like PTEN, Caspase, RAR, and so on. It has been shown that cellular AFP and secreted AFP have different roles in HCC pathophysiology, and a comprehensive map of the AFP signalling pathway is warranted for further theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diya Sanjeev
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Niyas Rehman
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
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Zhang Y, Zhu M, Dai Y, Gao L, Cheng L. Research Progress in Ulcerative Colitis: The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Gut Microbiota and Signaling Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:2277-2336. [PMID: 39756829 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), one among other refractory diseases worldwide, has shown an increasing trend of progression to colorectal cancer in recent years. In the treatment of UC, traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated good efficacy, with a high cure rate, fewer adverse effects, great improvement in the quality of patient survival, and reduction in the tendency of cancerous transformation. It shows promise as a complementary and alternative therapy. This review aims to evaluate and discuss the current research on UC, signaling pathways, and gut microbiota. We also summarized the mechanisms of action of various Chinese medicines (active ingredients or extracts) and herbal formulas, through signaling pathways and gut microbiota, with the expectation that they can provide references and evidence for treating UC and preventing inflammation-associated colorectal cancer by traditional Chinese medicine. We illustrate that multiple signaling pathways, such as TLR4, STAT3, PI3K/Akt, NF-[Formula: see text]B, and Keap1/Nrf2, can be inhibited by Chinese herbal treatments through the combined regulation of signaling pathways and gut microbiota, which can act individually or synergistically to inhibit intestinal inflammatory cell infiltration, attenuate gut oxidative responses, and repair the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Mingfang Zhu
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Dai
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Longying Gao
- Department of Anorectal, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang, University of Chinese Medicine Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Limin Cheng
- Department of Anorectal, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang, University of Chinese Medicine Harbin, P. R. China
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Du P, Xia T, Li X, Giri BR, Fang C, Li S, Yan S, Cheng G. Schistosoma sex-biased microRNAs regulate ovarian development and egg production by targeting Wnt signaling pathway. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1717. [PMID: 39741204 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-07402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Adult Schistosoma produces a large number of eggs that play essential roles in host pathology and disease dissemination. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of sexual maturation and egg production may open a new avenue for controlling schistosomiasis. Here, we describe that Bantam miRNA and miR-1989 regulate Wnt signaling pathway by targeting Frizzled-5/7/9, which is involved in ovarian development and oviposition. Additionally, Frizzled-7 could cooperate with SjRho to maintain normal ovarian development and egg productions and SjRho may interact with Hsp60 to potentially support Frizzled-7 trafficking and signaling. Further in vivo inhibition of SjRho in mice model infected with Schistosoma results in a remarkable decrease in worm burden and egg productions. Our findings not only broaden the functions of Bantam miRNA and miR-1989 as well as Wnt signaling pathway, but also imply that interruption of Bantam/miR-1989-Frizzled-5/7/9-SjRho axis may serve as effective targets against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Du
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Xia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Bikash R Giri
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuantao Fang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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McFarland EP, Crow KD. The evolution of cephalic fins in manta rays and their relatives: functional evidence for initiation of domain splitting and modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the pectoral fin AER of the little skate. EvoDevo 2024; 15:17. [PMID: 39731200 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-024-00233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Batoids possess a unique body plan associated with a benthic lifestyle that includes dorsoventral compression and anteriorly expanded pectoral fins that fuse to the rostrum. The family Myliobatidae, including manta rays and their relatives, exhibit further modifications associated with invasion of the pelagic environment, and the evolution of underwater flight. Notably, the pectoral fins are split into two domains with independent functions that are optimized for feeding and oscillatory locomotion. Paired fin outgrowth is maintained during development by Wnt3, while domain splitting is accomplished by expression of the Wnt antagonist Dkk1, which is differentially expressed in the developing anterior pectoral fins of myliobatids, where cephalic fins separate from pectoral fins. We examine the evolution of this unique feature in the cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus), a member of the genus that is sister to Mobula. RESULTS Here, we provide functional evidence that DKK1 is sufficient to initiate pectoral fin domain splitting. Agarose beads soaked in DKK1 protein were implanted in the pectoral fins of little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) embryos resulting in AER interruption. This disruption arrests fin ray outgrowth, resembling the myliobatid phenotype. In addition, fins that received DKK1 beads exhibit interruption of Axin2 expression, a downstream target of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling and a known AER marker. We demonstrate that Msx1 and Lhx2 are also associated with fin expansion at the AER. These results provide functional evidence for the underlying genetic pathway associated with the evolution of a novel paired fin/limb modification in manta rays and their relatives. We introduce the gas/brake pedal model for paired fin remodeling at the AER, which may have been co-opted from domain splitting in pelvic fins of cartilaginous fishes 370 million years earlier. CONCLUSIONS The pectoral fins of manta rays and their relatives represent a dramatic remodel of the ancestral batoid body plan. The premiere feature of this remodel is the cephalic fins, which evolved via domain splitting of the anterior pectoral fins through inhibition of fin ray outgrowth. Here, we functionally validate the role of Dkk1 in the evolution of this phenotype. We find that introduction of ectopic DKK1 is sufficient to recapitulate the myliobatid pectoral fin phenotype in an outgroup lacking cephalic fins via AER interruption and fin ray truncation. Additional gene expression data obtained via in situ hybridization suggests that cephalic fin development may have evolved as a co-option of the pathway specifying claspers as modifications to the pelvic fins, the only other known example of domain splitting in vertebrate appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P McFarland
- University of California, San Diego, USA.
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Karen D Crow
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA.
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Iluta S, Nistor M, Buruiana S, Dima D. Wnt Signaling Pathway in Tumor Biology. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1597. [PMID: 39766864 PMCID: PMC11675244 DOI: 10.3390/genes15121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Relapse and metastasis are the major challenges that stand in the way of cancer healing and survival, mainly attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Their capabilities of self-renewal and tumorigenic potential leads to treatment resistance development. CSCs function through signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin cascade. While commonly involved in embryogenesis and adult tissues homeostasis, the dysregulation of the Wnt pathway has direct correlations with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. The development of therapies that target CSCs and bulk tumors is both crucial and urgent. However, the extensive crosstalk present between Wnt and other signaling networks (Hedgehog and Notch) complicates the development of efficient long-term therapies with minimal side-effects on normal tissues. Despite the obstacles, the emergence of Wnt inhibitors and subsequent modulation of the signaling pathways would provide dynamic therapeutic approaches to impairing CSCs and reversing resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Iluta
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania;
| | - Madalina Nistor
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Sanda Buruiana
- Department of Hematology, Nicolae Testemitanu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj Napoca, Romania
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43
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Masciale V, Banchelli F, Grisendi G, Samarelli AV, Raineri G, Rossi T, Zanoni M, Cortesi M, Bandini S, Ulivi P, Martinelli G, Stella F, Dominici M, Aramini B. The molecular features of lung cancer stem cells in dedifferentiation process-driven epigenetic alterations. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107994. [PMID: 39547513 PMCID: PMC11714729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be dedifferentiated somatic cells following oncogenic processes, representing a subpopulation of cells able to promote tumor growth with their capacities for proliferation and self-renewal, inducing lineage heterogeneity, which may be a main cause of resistance to therapies. It has been shown that the "less differentiated process" may have an impact on tumor plasticity, particularly when non-CSCs may dedifferentiate and become CSC-like. Bidirectional interconversion between CSCs and non-CSCs has been reported in other solid tumors, where the inflammatory stroma promotes cell reprogramming by enhancing Wnt signaling through nuclear factor kappa B activation in association with intracellular signaling, which may induce cells' pluripotency, the oncogenic transformation can be considered another important aspect in the acquisition of "new" development programs with oncogenic features. During cell reprogramming, mutations represent an initial step toward dedifferentiation, in which tumor cells switch from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage that is mainly manifested by re-entry into the cell cycle, acquisition of a stem cell-like phenotype, and expression of stem cell markers. This phenomenon typically shows up as a change in the form, function, and pattern of gene and protein expression, and more specifically, in CSCs. This review would highlight the main epigenetic alterations, major signaling pathways and driver mutations in which CSCs, in tumors and specifically, in lung cancer, could be involved, acting as key elements in the differentiation/dedifferentiation process. This would highlight the main molecular mechanisms which need to be considered for more tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Department of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Alma Mater Studiorum- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Raineri
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tania Rossi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapies, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.
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44
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Tejeda-Muñoz N, Binder G, Mei KC. Emerging therapeutic strategies for Wnt-dependent colon cancer targeting macropinocytosis. Cells Dev 2024; 180:203974. [PMID: 39528157 PMCID: PMC12009640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Aberrations in the Wnt signaling pathway, particularly mutations in genes like APC and β-catenin, are pivotal in initiating and driving the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), establishing this pathway as a crucial target for therapeutic intervention. Membrane trafficking plays a key role in regulating Wnt signaling by controlling the activation, modulation, and secretion of essential signaling molecules that contribute to CRC progression. This review explores the connection between membrane trafficking and Wnt signaling, with a specific focus on macropinocytosis-an endocytic process involved in nutrient uptake that also plays a role in Wnt signal regulation. The relationship between Wnt signaling and macropinocytosis, critical in both embryonic development and cancer onset, reveals a new dimension for therapeutic intervention. Targeting Wnt signaling through the modulation of macropinocytosis and broader membrane trafficking pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy, with several candidates already in early clinical trials. These emerging approaches underscore the potential of targeting Wnt and its associated membrane trafficking processes for CRC treatment, aligning with the development of innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Tejeda-Muñoz
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Grace Binder
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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45
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White M, Arif-Pardy J, Bloise E, Connor KL. Identification of novel nutrient sensitive human yolk sac functions required for embryogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:29734. [PMID: 39613845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human yolk sac (hYS) is essential for embryo nutrient biosynthesis/transport and development. However, there lacks a comprehensive study of hYS nutrient-gene interactions. Here we performed a secondary analysis of hYS transcript profiles (n = 9 samples) to identify nutrient-sensitive hYS genes and regulatory networks, including those that associate with adverse perinatal phenotypes with embryonic origins. Overall, 14.8% highly expressed hYS genes are nutrient-sensitive; the most common nutrient cofactors for hYS genes are metals and B vitamins. Functional analysis of highly expressed hYS genes reveals that nutrient-sensitive hYS genes are more likely to be involved in metabolic functions than hYS genes that are not nutrient-sensitive. Through nutrient-sensitive gene network analysis, we find that four nutrient-sensitive transcription regulators in the hYS (with zinc and/or magnesium cofactors) are predicted to collectively regulate 30.9% of highly expressed hYS genes. Lastly, we identify 117 nutrient-sensitive hYS genes that associate with an adverse perinatal outcome with embryonic origins. Among these, the greatest number of nutrient-sensitive hYS genes are linked to congenital heart defects (n = 54 genes), followed by microcephaly (n = 37). Collectively, our study characterises nutrient-sensitive hYS functions and improves understanding of the ways in which nutrient-gene interactions in the hYS may influence both typical and pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina White
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jayden Arif-Pardy
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin L Connor
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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46
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Gajos-Michniewicz A, Czyz M. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds to Modulate WNT/β-Catenin Signaling in Cancer: Current State of Art and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12804. [PMID: 39684513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have improved the clinical outcome of cancer patients; however, the efficacy of treatment remains frequently limited due to low predictability of response and development of drug resistance. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for various cancer types are needed. Current research emphasizes the potential therapeutic value of targeting WNT/β-catenin dependent signaling that is deregulated in various cancer types. Targeting the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway with diverse synthetic and natural agents is the subject of a number of preclinical studies and clinical trials for cancer patients. The usage of nature-derived agents is attributed to their health benefits, reduced toxicity and side effects compared to synthetic agents. The review summarizes preclinical studies and ongoing clinical trials that aim to target components of the WNT/β-catenin pathway across a diverse spectrum of cancer types, highlighting their potential to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gajos-Michniewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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47
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Puxeddu M, Ling L, Ripa S, D'Ambrosio M, Nalli M, Parisi A, Sciò P, Coluccia A, Granese A, Santelli M, Masci D, Cuřínová P, Naro C, Sette C, Pastore A, Stornaiuolo M, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Di Magno L, Canettieri G, Liu T, Silvestri R, La Regina G. Development of N-(4-(1 H-Imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide, a Novel Potent Inhibitor of β-Catenin with Enhanced Antitumor Activity and Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2024; 67:20298-20314. [PMID: 39508273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
The potential as a cancer therapeutic target of the recently reported hotspot binding region close to Lys508 of the β-catenin armadillo repeat domain was not exhaustively explored. In order to get more insight, we synthesized novel N-(heterocyclylphenyl)benzenesulfonamides 6-28. The new compounds significantly inhibited Wnt-dependent transcription as well as SW480 and HCT116 cancer cell proliferation. Compound 25 showed binding mode consistent with this hotspot binding region. Compound 25 inhibited the growth of SW480 and HCT116 cancer cells with IC50's of 2 and 0.12 μM, respectively, and was superior to the reference compounds 5 and 5-FU. 25 inhibited the growth of HCT-116 xenografted in BALB/Cnu/nu mice, reduced the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67, and significantly affected the expression of cancer-related genes. After incubation with human and mouse liver microsomes, 25 showed a higher metabolic stability than 5. Compound 25 aims to be a promising lead for the development of colorectal cancer anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lele Ling
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200086 Shanghai, China
| | - Silvia Ripa
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele D'Ambrosio
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia Parisi
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Sciò
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Granese
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Santelli
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Chiara Naro
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- GSTeP-Organoids Research Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- GSTeP-Organoids Research Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pastore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Laura Di Magno
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 365 South Xiangyang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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48
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Glueck NK, Xie X, Lin X. Alternative isoforms and phase separation of Ref1 repress morphogenesis in Cryptococcus. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114904. [PMID: 39475508 PMCID: PMC11661864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative agent of cryptococcosis and a representative of the Basidiomycota phylum of Fungi, is a valuable model for our understanding of eukaryotic/fungal biology. Negative feedback is a well-documented mechanism across Eukarya to regulate developmental transitions. Here, we describe a repressor of the yeast-to-hypha transition, Ref1, which completes a negative feedback loop driven by the master regulator of hyphal morphogenesis, Znf2, during sexual development. Alternative transcription of Ref1, driven by Znf2, produces a functionally distinct Ref1 isoform. Isoform-specific capacity for phase separation imparts this functional distinction, making Ref1 a stronger repressor and more vulnerable to proteolytic degradation. The multimodal nature of Ref1 provides versatility that allows cells to fine-tune Ref1 activity to suit developmental context. This work reveals a mechanism by which phase separation allows a transcriptional program to tailor its own repression to guide an organism through morphological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Glueck
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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49
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Rzhanova LA, Alpeeva EV, Aleksandrova MA. Using Small Molecules to Reprogram RPE Cells in Regenerative Medicine for Degenerative Eye Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1931. [PMID: 39682681 PMCID: PMC11640686 DOI: 10.3390/cells13231931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of regenerative medicine for degenerative eye diseases is to create cells to replace lost or damaged ones. Due to their anatomical, genetic, and epigenetic features, characteristics of origin, evolutionary inheritance, capacity for dedifferentiation, proliferation, and plasticity, mammalian and human RPE cells are of great interest as endogenous sources of new photoreceptors and other neurons for the degrading retina. Promising methods for the reprogramming of RPE cells into retinal cells include genetic methods and chemical methods under the influence of certain low-molecular-weight compounds, so-called small molecules. Depending on the goal, which can be the preservation or the replacement of lost RPE cells and cellular structures, various small molecules are used to influence certain biological processes at different levels of cellular regulation. This review discusses the potential of the chemical reprogramming of RPE cells in comparison with other somatic cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into neural cells of the brain and retina. Possible mechanisms of the chemically induced reprogramming of somatic cells under the influence of small molecules are explored and compared. This review also considers other possibilities in using them in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases based on the protection, preservation, and support of survived RPE and retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov A. Rzhanova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena V. Alpeeva
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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50
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Ronghe R, Tavares AAS. The skeleton: an overlooked regulator of systemic glucose metabolism in cancer? Front Oncol 2024; 14:1481241. [PMID: 39588310 PMCID: PMC11586348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1481241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries demonstrated the skeleton's role as an endocrine organ regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis. Glucose metabolism is critical for rapid cell proliferation and tumour growth through increasing glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate despite being in an aerobic environment. This hypothesis paper discusses emerging evidence on how bones can regulate whole-body glucose homeostasis with potential to impact on tumour growth and proliferation. Moreover, it proposes a clinical link between bone glucose metabolism and prognosis of cancer based on recent clinical trial data. Targeting metabolic pathways related with classic glucose metabolism and also bone metabolism, novel methods of cancer therapy and treatment could be developed. This paper objective is to highlight the need for future research on this altered metabolism with potential to change future management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Ronghe
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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