1
|
Ngathaweesuk Y, Hendrikse J, Groot-Mijnes JDFD, de Boer JH, Hettinga YM. Causes of infectious pediatric uveitis: A review. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:483-494. [PMID: 38182040 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Infectious pediatric uveitis is a rare disease that can cause severe ocular damage if not detected rapidly and treated properly. Additionally, early identification of an infection can protect the child from life-threatening systemic infection. Infectious uveitis can be congenital or acquired and may manifest as a primary ocular infection or as a reactivation. Nevertheless, publications on infectious paediatric uveitis are usually limited to a small number of patients or a case report. So far, most studies on uveitis in children have focused primarily on noninfectious uveitis, and a systematic study on infectious uveitis is lacking. In this review, we summarize the literature on infectious uveitis in pediatric populations and report on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic tests, and treatment. We will describe the different possible pathogens causing uveitis in childhood by microbiological group (i.e. parasites, viruses, bacteria, and fungi). We aim to contribute to early diagnosis and management of infectious pediatric uveitis, which in turn might improve not only visual outcome, but also the general health outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaninsiri Ngathaweesuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jytte Hendrikse
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda Dorothea Francisca de Groot-Mijnes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joke Helena de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karch JL, Okorie CL, Maymone MBC, Laughter M, Vashi NA. Vascular cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 and RNA viral pathogens: a systematic review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:313-324. [PMID: 37936304 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19, the widely recognized and highly contagious respiratory tract infection, has had a substantial impact on the field of dermatology since its emergence in 2019. SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, is classified as an RNA virus. Various skin-related symptoms have been reported in patients with COVID-19, most notably the distinctive purple-red acral rash resembling chilblain lesions, commonly referred to as 'COVID toe'; similarly, skin-related symptoms have been observed in connection with other RNA viruses. OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between RNA viruses and their associated vascular cutaneous manifestations vs. those observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and medical subject heading terms related to RNA viruses and related skin manifestations. RESULTS In total, 3994 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 presenting with skin rashes were included. Chilblain-like lesions were most frequently observed (30.2%), followed by erythematous maculopapular/morbilliform rashes (9.1%) and urticarial rashes (4.7%). Of 8362 patients diagnosed with RNA viruses, more than half of the skin findings reported were erythematous/maculopapular/morbilliform rashes (52.3%), followed by unspecified (11.3%) and purpuric rashes (10.6%). CONCLUSIONS When comparing RNA viral infections with COVID-19 infection, we observed similarities in the reported skin manifestations and their presumed pathways, with many implicated in the proinflammatory response. Owing to the wide range of cutaneous symptoms associated with RNA viruses and our currently limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms, additional research is warranted to investigate the pathology behind viral-induced skin lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Karch
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Chiamaka L Okorie
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mayra B C Maymone
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Laughter
- Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neelam A Vashi
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsheten T, Gray DJ, Clements ACA, Wangdi K. Epidemiology and challenges of dengue surveillance in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:583-599. [PMID: 33410916 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue poses a significant health and economic burden in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Approaches for control need to be aligned with current knowledge on the epidemiology of dengue in the region. Such knowledge will ensure improved targeting of interventions to reduce dengue incidence and its socioeconomic impact. This review was undertaken to describe the contemporary epidemiology of dengue and critically analyse the existing surveillance strategies in the region. Over recent decades, dengue incidence has continued to increase with geographical expansion. The region has now become hyper-endemic for multiple dengue virus serotypes/genotypes. Every epidemic cycle was associated with a change of predominant serotype/genotype and this was often associated with severe disease with intense transmission. Classical larval indices are widely used in vector surveillance and adult mosquito samplings are not implemented as a part of routine surveillance. Further, there is a lack of integration of entomological and disease surveillance systems, often leading to inaction or delays in dengue prevention and control. Disease surveillance does not capture all cases, resulting in under-reporting, and has thus failed to adequately represent the true burden of disease in the region. Possible solutions include incorporating adult mosquito sampling into routine vector surveillance, the establishment of laboratory-based sentinel surveillance, integrated vector and dengue disease surveillance and climate-based early warning systems using available technologies like mobile apps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsheten Tsheten
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Bhutan
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsheten T, Mclure A, Clements ACA, Gray DJ, Wangdi T, Wangchuk S, Wangdi K. Epidemiological Analysis of the 2019 Dengue Epidemic in Bhutan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010354. [PMID: 33466497 PMCID: PMC7796457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bhutan experienced its largest and first nation-wide dengue epidemic in 2019. The cases in 2019 were greater than the total number of cases in all the previous years. This study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns and effective reproduction number of this explosive epidemic. Weekly notified dengue cases were extracted from the National Early Warning, Alert, Response and Surveillance (NEWARS) database to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of the epidemic. The time-varying, temperature-adjusted cohort effective reproduction number was estimated over the course of the epidemic. The dengue epidemic occurred between 29 April and 8 December 2019 over 32 weeks, and included 5935 cases. During the epidemic, dengue expanded from six to 44 subdistricts. The effective reproduction number was <3 for most of the epidemic period, except for a ≈1 month period of explosive growth, coinciding with the monsoon season and school vacations, when the effective reproduction number peaked >30 and after which the effective reproduction number declined steadily. Interventions were only initiated 6 weeks after the end of the period of explosive growth. This finding highlights the need to reinforce the national preparedness plan for outbreak response, and to enable the early detection of cases and timely response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsheten Tsheten
- Research School of Population, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.M.); (D.J.G.); (K.W.)
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Angus Mclure
- Research School of Population, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.M.); (D.J.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Archie C. A. Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Research School of Population, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.M.); (D.J.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Tenzin Wangdi
- Vector-Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health, Gelephu 31102, Bhutan;
| | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan;
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Research School of Population, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (A.M.); (D.J.G.); (K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sasmono RT, Santoso MS, Pamai YWB, Yohan B, Afida AM, Denis D, Hutagalung IA, Johar E, Hayati RF, Yudhaputri FA, Haryanto S, Stubbs SCB, Blacklaws BA, Myint KSA, Frost SDW. Distinct Dengue Disease Epidemiology, Clinical, and Diagnosis Features in Western, Central, and Eastern Regions of Indonesia, 2017-2019. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:582235. [PMID: 33335904 PMCID: PMC7737558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.582235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The people of Indonesia have been afflicted by dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, for over 5 decades. The country is the world's largest archipelago with diverse geographic, climatic, and demographic conditions that may impact the dynamics of disease transmissions. A dengue epidemiology study was launched by us to compare and understand the dynamics of dengue and other arboviral diseases in three cities representing western, central, and eastern Indonesia, namely, Batam, Banjarmasin, and Ambon, respectively. A total of 732 febrile patients were recruited with dengue-like illness during September 2017-2019 and an analysis of their demographic, clinical, and virological features was performed. The seasonal patterns of dengue-like illness were found to be different in the three regions. Among all patients, 271 (37.0%) were virologically confirmed dengue, while 152 (20.8%) patients were diagnosed with probable dengue, giving a total number of 423 (57.8%) dengue patients. Patients' age and clinical manifestations also differed between cities. Mostly, mild dengue fever was observed in Batam, while more severe cases were prominent in Ambon. While all dengue virus (DENV) serotypes were detected, distinct serotypes dominated in different locations: DENV-1 in Batam and Ambon, and DENV-3 in Banjarmasin. We also assessed the diagnostic features in the study sites, which revealed different patterns of diagnostic agreements, particularly in Ambon. To detect the possibility of infection with other arboviruses, further testing on 461 DENV RT-PCR-negative samples was performed using pan-flavivirus and -alphavirus RT-PCRs; however, only one chikungunya infection was detected in Ambon. A diverse dengue epidemiology in western, central, and eastern Indonesia was observed, which is likely to be influenced by local geographic, climatic, and demographic conditions, as well as differences in the quality of healthcare providers and facilities. Our study adds a new understanding on dengue epidemiology in Indonesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna M Afida
- Dr. H. M. Ansari Saleh Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Edison Johar
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rahma F Hayati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Samuel C B Stubbs
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Blacklaws
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Khin S A Myint
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Simon D W Frost
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pulsan F, Sobi K, Anga G, Vince J, Duke T. An outbreak of dengue fever in children in the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea in 2016. Paediatr Int Child Health 2020; 40:177-180. [PMID: 32330106 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2020.1756106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first documented outbreak of dengue which included cases with haemorrhage occurred in Papua New Guinea in 2016. AIM To document the presentation and outcome of children with dengue in Port Moresby. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Port Moresby General Hospital during a 6-month period from 6 January to 6 July 2016. Altogether, 165 children aged 1-14 years who met the WHO criteria for probable dengue were assessed and treated. Clinical features, presence of warning signs and signs of severe dengue, date of onset, management and outcome were recorded. Blood specimens were collected for serological testing and full blood count. RESULTS The median age was 6 years (interquartile range 3-8). Eighty-eight (53%) children had no warning signs and were managed as outpatients. Of the 165 patients, 42 (25%) had abdominal pain, 28 (17%) had bleeding and 3 (2%) had clinical evidence of fluid accumulation. The median (IQR) lowest platelet count in those tested was 34 × 109/L (22-54). Two children were transfused with packed red blood cells and one received a platelet transfusion. No child developed dengue shock and none died. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and dengue IgM were positive in 122/144 (85%) and 36/111 (32%) of blood samples, respectively. 150/151 blood samples tested for dengue were positive on one or more tests. CONCLUSION There is the potential for future outbreaks of increased severity in Papua New Guinea. Surveillance, mosquito reduction initiatives and health education programmes are needed to reduce the impact of future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Pulsan
- Discipline of Child Health of Clinical Sciences Division, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea , Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kone Sobi
- Department of Paediatrics, Port Moresby General Hospital , Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Gwenda Anga
- Department of Paediatrics, Port Moresby General Hospital , Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - John Vince
- Discipline of Child Health of Clinical Sciences Division, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea , Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Trevor Duke
- Discipline of Child Health of Clinical Sciences Division, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea , Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.,Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dewi BE, Nainggolan L, Sudiro TM, Chenderawasi S, Goentoro PL, Sjatha F. Circulation of Various Dengue Serotypes in a Community-Based Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:17-22. [PMID: 32611971 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection remains to be a serious health problem in Indonesia. Community-based dengue studies to determine circulating DENV serotypes based on the geography and season are limited owing to the expensive cost and significant effort required. Many patients with DENV infection are not hospitalized and many visit the hospital in the later phase of the disease. In this study, we performed active DENV surveillance in a community in Jakarta to study the circulating dengue serotypes; adult febrile patients with fever less than 48 hours were recruited. Disease severity was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) 1997 guidelines. Rapid NS1 dengue antigen detection was used to screen patients with DENV in the community. Viral culture using the C6/36 cell line, an increased antibody titer on hemagglutination inhibition test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, or detection of the viral genome on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm DENV infection. Of the 102 patients, 68 (66.7%) were confirmed to have DENV infection, with DENV-2 being the most dominant serotype, followed by DENV-3, DENV-1, and DENV-4, in concordance with several reports of mixed DENV infection. Interestingly, in terms of disease severity, although DENV-3 infection was not the predominant circulating serotype, infection with it tended to cause a more severe disease than infection with DENV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beti Ernawati Dewi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.,Community Based Dengue Study, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.,Cluster of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Indonesia
| | - Leonard Nainggolan
- Departement of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.,Community Based Dengue Study, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Tjahjani Mirawati Sudiro
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.,Cluster of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Indonesia
| | - Settrin Chenderawasi
- Community Based Dengue Study, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Patricia Lukas Goentoro
- Community Based Dengue Study, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Fithriyah Sjatha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.,Cluster of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harapan H, Michie A, Mudatsir M, Sasmono RT, Imrie A. Epidemiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia: analysis of five decades data from the National Disease Surveillance. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:350. [PMID: 31221186 PMCID: PMC6587249 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a national incidence rate and case fatality rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia through an analysis of the National Disease Surveillance database from the Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control of Ministry of Health. Results Available data has indicated an increasing trend of dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence in Indonesia over the past 50 years. Incidence rates appear to be cyclic, peaking approximately every 6–8 years. In contrast, the case fatality rate has decreased approximately by half each decade, since 1980. Java Island contributed the highest average number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases each year. In recent years, Bali and Borneo (Kalimantan) have had the highest incidence while Papua Island, the easternmost region of the Indonesian archipelago, has had the lowest incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Alice Michie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - R Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Allison Imrie
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harapan H, Michie A, Yohan B, Shu P, Mudatsir M, Sasmono RT, Imrie A. Dengue viruses circulating in Indonesia: A systematic review and phylogenetic analysis of data from five decades. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2037. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of MedicineUniversitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Alice Michie
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | | | - Pei‐Yun Shu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease ControlMinistry of Health and Welfare Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of MedicineUniversitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineUniversitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia
| | | | - Allison Imrie
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Renal manifestations of dengue virus infections. J Clin Virol 2018; 101:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Wardhani P, Aryati A, Yohan B, Trimarsanto H, Setianingsih TY, Puspitasari D, Arfijanto MV, Bramantono B, Suharto S, Sasmono RT. Clinical and virological characteristics of dengue in Surabaya, Indonesia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178443. [PMID: 28575000 PMCID: PMC5456069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue disease is still a major health problem in Indonesia. Surabaya, the second largest city in the country, is endemic for dengue. We report here on dengue disease in Surabaya, investigating the clinical manifestations, the distribution of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, and the relationships between clinical manifestations and the genetic characteristics of DENV. A total of 148 patients suspected of having dengue were recruited during February-August 2012. One hundred one (68%) of them were children, and 47 (32%) were adults. Dengue fever (DF) and Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) were equally manifested in all of the patients. We performed DENV serotyping on all of the samples using real-time RT-PCR. Of 148, 79 (53%) samples were detected as DENV positive, with DENV-1 as the predominant serotype (73%), followed by DENV-2 (8%), DENV-4 (8%), and DENV-3 (6%), while 5% were mixed infections. Based on the Envelope gene sequences, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 24 isolates to genotype the DENV circulating in Surabaya in 2012, and the analysis revealed that DENV-1 consisted of Genotypes I and IV, DENV-2 was of the Cosmopolitan genotype, the DENV-3 viruses were of Genotype I, and DENV-4 was detected as Genotype II. We correlated the infecting DENV serotypes with clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters; however, no significant correlations were found. Amino acid analysis of Envelope protein did not find any unique mutations related to disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Wardhani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute for Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aryati Aryati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute for Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Dwiyanti Puspitasari
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Bramantono Bramantono
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suharto Suharto
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - R. Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luang-Suarkia D, Ernst T, Alpers MP, Garruto R, Smith D, Imrie A. Serological evidence for transmission of multiple dengue virus serotypes in Papua New Guinea and West Papua prior to 1963. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005488. [PMID: 28437465 PMCID: PMC5426789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the natural history of dengue in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We assessed dengue virus (DENV)-specific neutralizing antibody profiles in serum samples collected from northern and southern coastal areas and the highland region of New Guinea between 1959 and 1963. Neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in sera from the northern coast of New Guinea: from Sabron in Dutch New Guinea (now known as West Papua) and from four villages in East Sepik in what is now PNG. Previous monotypic infection with DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 was identified, with a predominance of anti-DENV-2 neutralizing antibody. The majority of positive sera demonstrated evidence of multiple previous DENV infections and neutralizing activity against all four serotypes was detected, with anti-DENV-2 responses being most frequent and of greatest magnitude. No evidence of previous DENV infection was identified in the Asmat villages of the southern coast and a single anti-DENV-positive sample was identified in the Eastern Highlands of PNG. These findings indicate that multiple DENV serotypes circulated along the northern coast of New Guinea at different times in the decades prior to 1963 and support the notion that dengue has been a significant yet neglected tropical infection in PNG for many decades. Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by infection with any of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 –DENV-4), which are transmitted in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries. The current global dengue burden, and dengue mortality, is greatest in the southeast Asian and western Pacific region where more than 70% of people at risk of infection reside. All four DENV serotypes have been reported to circulate in this region and each DENV serotype has been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Sequential infection with heterologous DENV serotypes is associated with more severe dengue disease (previously known as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome) and co-circulation of multiple DENV serotypes is frequently observed in endemic countries. Substantial variation in local capacity for systematic surveillance and reporting among countries in the region means dengue burden is likely underestimated. We tested archival serum samples collected more than 50 years ago in Papua New Guinea in order to begin to assess the true burden of dengue, in a country where severe dengue has not been reported and DF is rare. Serological evidence for previous monotypic and multitypic DENV infection in adults living along the northeastern coast of PNG between 1959–1963 indicates dengue was transmitted prior to this period. The contribution of dengue to acute febrile illness in PNG, and the reasons for the apparent lack of severe disease, should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagwin Luang-Suarkia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Virology Laboratory, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Timo Ernst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ralph Garruto
- Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - David Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Allison Imrie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grande AJ, Reid H, Thomas E, Foster C, Darton TC. Tourniquet Test for Dengue Diagnosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004888. [PMID: 27486661 PMCID: PMC4972435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a ubiquitous arboviral infection in tropical and sub-tropical regions, whose incidence has increased over recent decades. In the absence of a rapid point of care test, the clinical diagnosis of dengue is complex. The World Health Organisation has outlined diagnostic criteria for making the diagnosis of dengue infection, which includes the use of the tourniquet test (TT). PURPOSE To assess the quality of the evidence supporting the use of the TT and perform a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis comparing the TT to antibody response measured by ELISA. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following databases to April, 2016: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS. STUDY SELECTION Studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of the tourniquet test with ELISA for the diagnosis of dengue were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent authors extracted data using a standardized form. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 16 studies with 28,739 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity for dengue diagnosis by TT was 58% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 43%-71%) and the specificity was 71% (95% CI, 60%-80%). In the subgroup analysis sensitivity for non-severe dengue diagnosis was 55% (95% CI, 52%-59%) and the specificity was 63% (95% CI, 60%-66%), whilst sensitivity for dengue hemorrhagic fever diagnosis was 62% (95% CI, 53%-71%) and the specificity was 60% (95% CI, 48%-70%). Receiver-operator characteristics demonstrated a test accuracy (AUC) of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.74). CONCLUSION The tourniquet test is widely used in resource poor settings despite currently available evidence demonstrating only a marginal benefit in making a diagnosis of dengue infection alone. REGISTRATION The protocol for this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO CRD42015020323.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jose Grande
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish Reid
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Thomas
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Foster
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hasan S, Jamdar SF, Alalowi M, Al Ageel Al Beaiji SM. Dengue virus: A global human threat: Review of literature. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:1-6. [PMID: 27011925 PMCID: PMC4784057 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.175416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an acute viral illness caused by RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae and spread by Aedes mosquitoes. Presenting features may range from asymptomatic fever to dreaded complications such as hemorrhagic fever and shock. A cute-onset high fever, muscle and joint pain, myalgia, cutaneous rash, hemorrhagic episodes, and circulatory shock are the commonly seen symptoms. Oral manifestations are rare in dengue infection; however, some cases may have oral features as the only presenting manifestation. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to reduce mortality. Although dengue virus infections are usually self-limiting, dengue infection has come up as a public health challenge in the tropical and subtropical nations. This article provide a detailed overview on dengue virus infections, varied clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sami Faisal Jamdar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Teerthankar Mahaveer Dental College, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munther Alalowi
- Buraydah College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Punjabi NH, Taylor WRJ, Murphy GS, Purwaningsih S, Picarima H, Sisson J, Olson JG, Baso S, Wangsasaputra F, Lesmana M, Oyofo BA, Simanjuntak CH, Subekti D, Corwin AL, Richie TL. Etiology of acute, non-malaria, febrile illnesses in Jayapura, northeastern Papua, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:46-51. [PMID: 22232450 PMCID: PMC3247108 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.10-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective, inpatient fever study in malaria-endemic Papua, Indonesia to determine non-malaria fever etiologies. Investigations included malaria blood films, blood culture, paired serologic samples analysis for dengue, Japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, murine typhus, and spotted fever group rickettsia. During 1997–2000, 226 patients (127 males and 99 females) 1–80 years of age (median age = 25 years) were enrolled. Positive blood cultures (n = 34, 15%) were obtained for Salmonella Typhi (n = 13), Escherichia coli (n = 8), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 6), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5), Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Twenty (8.8%) patients were positive for leptospirosis by polymerase chain reaction. Eighty (35.4%) of 226 patients had ≥ 1 positive serology, diagnostic for 15 rickettsial and 9 dengue cases. Acid-fast bacilli–positive sputum was obtained from three patients. Most common confirmed (81 of 226, 35.8%)/suspected diagnoses were typhoid fever (n = 41), pneumonia (n = 29), leptospirosis (n = 28), urinary tract infections (n = 20), rickettsioses (n = 19), dengue (n = 17), and meningitis/encephalitis (n = 15). There were 17 deaths, 7 (46.7%) were caused by meningitis/encephalitis. Multiple positive serologic results and few confirmed diagnoses indicate the need for improved diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narain H. Punjabi
- *Address correspondence to Narain H. Punjabi, SOS Medika Jalan Puri Sakti, 10 Cipete, Jakarta Selatan 12410, Indonesia. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Senn N, Luang-Suarkia D, Manong D, Siba PM, McBride WJH. Contribution of dengue fever to the burden of acute febrile illnesses in Papua New Guinea: an age-specific prospective study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:132-7. [PMID: 21734138 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major contributor to the burden of febrile illnesses in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Dengue fever (DF) is likely to contribute; however, its epidemiology in PNG is poorly understood. We performed a prospective age-stratified study in outpatient clinics investigating the prevalence of DF; 578 patients were enrolled, and 317 patients with a negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria were tested for dengue. Malaria was confirmed in 52% (301/578, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 48-56%), DF was diagnosed in 8% (46/578, 95% CI = 6-10%), and 40% (95% CI = 36-44%) had neither diagnosis. Among the 317 malaria RDT-negative patients, 14% (45/317, 95% CI = 10-18%) had DF. The seroprevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 83% (204/247, 95% CI = 78-87%), and no dengue hemorrhagic fever was seen. This study provides good evidence for the first time that DF is common in PNG and is responsible for 8% of fever episodes. The common occurrence of DF in a population with presumed previous exposure to dengue is an important observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Senn
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Senn N, Luang-Suarkia D, Manong D, Siba PM, McBride WJH. Contribution of dengue fever to the burden of acute febrile illnesses in Papua New Guinea: an age-specific prospective study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011. [PMID: 21734138 DOI: 10.4269/ajtm h.2011.10-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major contributor to the burden of febrile illnesses in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Dengue fever (DF) is likely to contribute; however, its epidemiology in PNG is poorly understood. We performed a prospective age-stratified study in outpatient clinics investigating the prevalence of DF; 578 patients were enrolled, and 317 patients with a negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria were tested for dengue. Malaria was confirmed in 52% (301/578, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 48-56%), DF was diagnosed in 8% (46/578, 95% CI = 6-10%), and 40% (95% CI = 36-44%) had neither diagnosis. Among the 317 malaria RDT-negative patients, 14% (45/317, 95% CI = 10-18%) had DF. The seroprevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 83% (204/247, 95% CI = 78-87%), and no dengue hemorrhagic fever was seen. This study provides good evidence for the first time that DF is common in PNG and is responsible for 8% of fever episodes. The common occurrence of DF in a population with presumed previous exposure to dengue is an important observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Senn
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gurugama P, Garg P, Perera J, Wijewickrama A, Seneviratne SL. Dengue viral infections. Indian J Dermatol 2010; 55:68-78. [PMID: 20418983 PMCID: PMC2856379 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.60357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases in the world. Presently dengue is endemic in 112 countries in the world. It has been estimated that almost 100 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) occur worldwide. An increasing proportion of DHF is in children less than 15 years of age, especially in South East and South Asia. The unique structure of the dengue virus and the pathophysiologic responses of the host, different serotypes, and favorable conditions for vector breeding have led to the virulence and spread of the infections. The manifestations of dengue infections are protean from being asymptomatic to undifferentiated fever, severe dengue infections, and unusual complications. Early recognition and prompt initiation of appropriate supportive treatment are often delayed resulting in unnecessarily high morbidity and mortality. Attempts are underway for the development of a vaccine for preventing the burden of this neglected disease. This review outlines the epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiologic mechanisms, management, and control of dengue infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Garg
- From the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Perera
- From the Department of Microbiology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Suranjith L Seneviratne
- From the Department of Clinical Immunology, St. Mary's Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bandyopadhyay S, Lum LCS, Kroeger A. Classifying dengue: a review of the difficulties in using the WHO case classification for dengue haemorrhagic fever. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11:1238-55. [PMID: 16903887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of dengue includes two distinct entities: dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome; it is largely based on pediatric cases in Southeast Asia. Dengue has extended to different tropical areas and older age groups. Variations from the original description of dengue manifestations are being reported. OBJECTIVES To analyse the experience of clinicians in using the dengue case classification and identify challenges in applying the criteria in routine clinical practice. METHOD Systematic literature review of post-1975 English-language publications on dengue classification. RESULTS Thirty-seven papers were reviewed. Several studies had strictly applied all four WHO criteria in DHF cases; however, most clinicians reported difficulties in meeting all four criteria and used a modified classification. The positive tourniquet test representing the minimum requirement of a haemorrhagic manifestation did not distinguish between DHF and DF. In cases of DHF thrombocytopenia was observed in 8.6-96%, plasma leakage in 6-95% and haemorrhagic manifestations in 22-93%. The low sensitivity of classifying DHF could be due to failure to repeat the tests or physical examinations at the appropriate time, early intravenous fluid therapy, and lack of adequate resources in an epidemic situation and perhaps a considerable overlap of clinical manifestations in the different dengue entities. CONCLUSION A prospective multi-centre study across dengue endemic regions, age groups and the health care system is required which describes the clinical presentation of dengue including simple laboratory parameters in order to review and if necessary modify the current dengue classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chadwick D, Arch B, Wilder-Smith A, Paton N. Distinguishing dengue fever from other infections on the basis of simple clinical and laboratory features: application of logistic regression analysis. J Clin Virol 2005; 35:147-53. [PMID: 16055371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a frequent cause of admission to hospital in South East Asia, however many of the clinical characteristics and abnormalities on laboratory investigations at presentation are found in other common infections. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical and laboratory features of dengue fever and other common febrile illnesses in Singapore. STUDY DESIGN We performed a prospective study of consecutive adult admissions to an infectious diseases hospital. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify symptoms, physical signs and laboratory features that differentiated dengue fever from other febrile illnesses within the first 2 days of admission. RESULTS Of the 381 patients studied, 148 had serologically confirmed dengue fever. Most of these had uncomplicated dengue fever, and only 9% had dengue haemorrhagic fever. A model based on clinical features alone (including a variety of cutaneous signs, pulse rate and the presence of pharyngeal injection) was able to differentiate dengue fever from other infections with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 79%. A model based on clinical features (rash) and laboratory parameters (white cell count, haemoglobin, prothrombin time, creatinine and bilirubin levels), achieved a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 85%. CONCLUSIONS A combination of simple clinical and laboratory parameters are potentially able to predict dengue fever with a high level of accuracy in adults presenting to hospital with febrile illnesses in Singapore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Chadwick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Abstract
Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne diseases in the world. They may be asymptomatic or may give rise to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome. Annually, 100 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of DHF occur worldwide. Ninety percent of DHF subjects are children less than 15 years of age. At present, dengue is endemic in 112 countries in the world. No vaccine is available for preventing this disease. Early recognition and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are vital if disease related morbidity and mortality are to be limited. This review outlines aspects of the epidemiology of dengue infections, the dengue virus and its mosquito vector, clinical features and pathogenesis of dengue infections, and the management and control of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G N Malavige
- Department of Clinical Immunology, A Floor, West Block, Queens Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sukri NC, Laras K, Wandra T, Didi S, Larasati RP, Rachdyatmaka JR, Osok S, Tjia P, Saragih JM, Hartati S, Listyaningsih E, Porter KR, Beckett CG, Prawira IS, Punjabi N, Suparmanto SA, Beecham HJ, Bangs MJ, Corwin AL. Transmission of epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in easternmost Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68:529-35. [PMID: 12812338 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2001, a second suspected outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the easternmost region of Indonesia was investigated in Merauke, a town located in the southeastern corner of Papua, by the Indonesian Ministry of Health and the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2. Principal case criteria of hemorrhagic disease provided for a study enrollment of 15 clinically acute and 37 convalescing subjects. Additionally, 32 comparable age/sex controls were selected from neighboring households. Laboratory diagnosis involved three testing methodologies: virus isolation by cell culture, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and serologic assays. Antibody (IgM) to dengue virus was detected in 27% of the acute clinical cases, 30% of the convalescing cases, and only 3% of the matched controls. Dengue 3 was the only viral serotype detected from acute serum samples by the RT-PCR. The mean +/- SD age of the acute and convalescing cases was 7.8 +/- 5.4 years. Overall hospital records accounted for 172 suspected outbreak cases, all urban residents of Merauke with no recent travel history outside the area. The estimated outbreak-associated case fatality rate among all suspected dengue cases was 1.2%. A seven-year retrospective review of hospital records in Merauke showed negligible disease reporting involving hemorrhagic disease prior to the outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nono C Sukri
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED New Caledonia is a French territory of Pacific Ocean, where frequent dengue outbreaks occur. In 1995 and 1996, 3042 cases (including 18.3% children) were diagnosed in Pasteur Institute of Noumea. PATIENTS AND METHODS This work was a clinical and biological study of 68 in-patients of different ethnical groups in children. Among these young patients, 14 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever occurred. RESULTS The children were admitted to hospital after an average of 2.7 days of complaint, and during 6.7 days. The most important symptoms were fever at 39 degrees C (100%) during 2.2 days, sweatings (100%), malaise (57%) and headache (50%). Forty children had, at least, one hemorrhagic symptom. Leucopenia was noticed in 42 children, on an average of 4.2 days. A thrombocytopenia (mean 114,746 platelets/mm3) occurred in 5.3 days in 34 children (six cases with less than 10,000 platelets/mm3). A bacterial infection arised in 23.5% of children. CONCLUSION Dengue is an important problem of public health, which occurs in all population, including the young children. The fight against dengue fever by a rapid destruction of larvae and adult mosquitoes led to the decrease of the outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bourée
- Département des maladies parasitaires et tropicales, hôpital de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Corwin AL, Larasati RP, Bangs MJ, Wuryadi S, Arjoso S, Sukri N, Listyaningsih E, Hartati S, Namursa R, Anwar Z, Chandra S, Loho B, Ahmad H, Campbell JR, Porter KR. Epidemic dengue transmission in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001; 95:257-65. [PMID: 11490992 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in the city of Palembang, south Sumatra, Indonesia was investigated to (i) validate epidemic occurrence, (ii) confirm dengue virus aetiology and associated serotype(s), (iii) provide a demonstrable measure of community impact, and (iv) identify causative relationship (if any) with climatic El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences. Trend analysis based on a 6-year retrospective review of hospital records demonstrates a 3-fold increase in clinical cases for the outbreak period (January-April 1998), relative to historical records. In the 2 hospitals surveyed, the monthly mean number of outbreak-related dengue cases over 4 months was 833 (range 650-995 cases/month); the mean monthly value for the previous 72 months was 107 (range 14-779 cases/month). An apparent trend in epidemic transmission was observed, evolving from a 5-year cyclic phenomenon to an annual occurrence, often indistinguishable from one year to the next. The proportional distribution of clinical outbreak cases into DF, DHF and DSS diagnostic categories was 24%, 66%, and 10%, respectively. The population aged 10-19 years accounted for the largest (35%) proportion of hospitalized DHF cases, followed by children aged 5-9 years (25%) and children aged 4 years (16%). Serum samples obtained during acute illness from 221 hospitalized patients were examined using serology, RT-PCR, and virus isolation in cell culture: 59% of samples had laboratory evidence of a dengue infection. All 4 dengue virus serotypes (DEN 1-4) were identified in epidemic circulation, with DEN 3 predominating (43%). DEN 1 was the principal serotype associated with less severe dengue illness, suggesting that virulence may be, in part, a function of infecting serotype. The climatic influence of ENSO on rainfall and temperature in the months leading up to and during the outbreak was dramatic, and is likely to contribute to favourable outbreak conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Corwin
- US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 (US NAMRU-2), a WHO-SEARO Collaborating Centre for New and Emerging Diseases, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|