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Farzamfar S, Garcia LM, Rahmani M, Bolduc S. Navigating the Immunological Crossroads: Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells as Architects of Inflammatory Harmony in Tissue-Engineered Constructs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:494. [PMID: 38790361 PMCID: PMC11118848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of tissue engineering, the integration of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) faces a dual challenge-initiating beneficial inflammation for regeneration while avoiding the perils of prolonged immune activation. As TECs encounter the immediate reaction of the immune system upon implantation, the unique immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) emerge as key navigators. Harnessing the paracrine effects of MSCs, researchers aim to craft a localized microenvironment that not only enhances TEC integration but also holds therapeutic promise for inflammatory-driven pathologies. This review unravels the latest advancements, applications, obstacles, and future prospects surrounding the strategic alliance between MSCs and TECs, shedding light on the immunological symphony that guides the course of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Farzamfar
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Luciana Melo Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Hematology-Oncology Service, CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mahya Rahmani
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Stephane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.F.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Kim SH, Oh KW, Noh MY, Kwon MS. Optimal Therapeutic Strategy of Bone Marrow-Originated Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells for ALS. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:309-316. [PMID: 38244235 PMCID: PMC11016834 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by selective and progressive neurodegenerative changes in motor neural networks. Given the system complexity, including anatomically distributed sites of degeneration from the motor cortex to the spinal cord and chronic pro-inflammatory conditions, a cell-based therapeutic strategy could be an alternative approach to treating ALS. Lessons from previous mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) trials in ALS realized the importance of 3 aspects in current and future MSC therapy, including the preparation of MSCs, administration routes and methods, and recipient-related factors. This review briefly describes the current status and future prerequisites for an optimal strategy using bone-marrow-originated MSCs to treat ALS. We suggest mandatory factors in the optimized therapeutic strategy focused on advanced therapy medicinal products produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice, an optimal administration method, the selection of proper patients, and the importance of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Asadie M, Miri A, Badri T, Hosseini Nejad J, Gharechahi J. Dysregulated AEBP1 and COLEC12 Genes in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Brain Cortex and Peripheral Blood Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:37. [PMID: 38568322 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and cognitive impairment, often accompanied by alterations in mood, confusion, and, ultimately, a state of acute mental disturbance. The cerebral cortex is considered a promising area for investigating the underlying causes of AD by analyzing transcriptional patterns, which could be complemented by investigating blood samples obtained from patients. We analyzed the RNA expression profiles of three distinct areas of the brain cortex, including the frontal cortex (FC), temporal cortex (TC), and entorhinal cortex (EC) in patients with AD. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the three regions. The two genes with the most significant expression changes in the EC region were selected for assessing mRNA expression levels in the peripheral blood of late-onset AD patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR). We identified eight shared DEGs in these regions, including AEBP1 and COLEC12, which exhibited prominent changes in expression. Functional enrichment analysis uncovered a significant association of these DEGs with the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and processes related to angiogenesis. Importantly, we established a robust connection between the up-regulation of AEBP1 and COLEC12 in both the brain and peripheral blood. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the potential of AEBP1 and COLEC12 genes as effective diagnostic tools for distinguishing between late-onset AD patients and healthy controls. This study unveils the intricate interplay between AEBP1 and COLEC12 in AD and underscores their potential as markers for disease detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Asadie
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taleb Badri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hosseini Nejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Noshadian M, Ragerdi Kashani I, Asadi-Golshan R, Zarini D, Ghafari N, Zahedi E, Pasbakhsh P. Benefits of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared to their conditioned medium in valproic acid-induced autism in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:353. [PMID: 38401030 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors, a limited range of activities, and deficiencies in social communications. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which secrete factors that stimulate surrounding microenvironment, and BM-MSCs conditioned medium (BM-MSCs-CM), which contains cell-secreted products, have been speculated to hold potential as a therapy for ASD. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM on behavioral and microglial changes in an animal model of autism induced by valproic acid (VPA). METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant Wistar rats were administered by VPA at a dose of 600 mg/kg at 12.5 days post-conception. After birth, male pups were included in the study. At 6 weeks of age, one group of rats received intranasal administration of BM-MSCs, while another group received BM-MSCs-CM. The rats were allowed to recover for 2 weeks. Behavioral tests, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry were performed. Both BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM administration significantly improved some behavioral deficits. Furthermore, these treatments notably reduced Iba-1 marker associated with microgliosis. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and an increase in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in rats administered by BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM. CONCLUSIONS Post-developmental administration of BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-CM can ameliorate prenatal neurodevelopmental deficits, restore cognitive and social behaviors, and modulate microglial and inflammatory markers. Results indicated that the improvement rate was higher in the BM-MSCs group than BM-MSCs-CM group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrazin Noshadian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Reza Asadi-Golshan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Davood Zarini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Neda Ghafari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran
| | - Elham Zahedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran.
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Sung W, Noh MY, Nahm M, Kim YS, Ki CS, Kim YE, Kim HJ, Kim SH. Progranulin haploinsufficiency mediates cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation with lysosomal abnormalities in human microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:47. [PMID: 38347588 PMCID: PMC10863104 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN) haploinsufficiency due to progranulin gene (GRN) variants can cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with aberrant TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) accumulation. Despite microglial burden with TDP-43-related pathophysiology, direct microglial TDP-43 pathology has not been clarified yet, only emphasized in neuronal pathology. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate TDP-43 pathology in microglia of patients with PGRN haploinsufficiency. METHODS To design a human microglial cell model with PGRN haploinsufficiency, monocyte-derived microglia (iMGs) were generated from FTD-GRN patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (p.M1? and p.W147*) and three healthy controls. RESULTS iMGs from FTD-GRN patients with PGRN deficiency exhibited severe neuroinflammation phenotype and failure to maintain their homeostatic molecular signatures, along with impaired phagocytosis. In FTD-GRN patients-derived iMGs, significant cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation and accumulation of lipid droplets with profound lysosomal abnormalities were observed. These pathomechanisms were mediated by complement C1q activation and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides considerable cellular and molecular evidence that loss-of-function variants of GRN in human microglia can cause microglial dysfunction with abnormal TDP-43 aggregation induced by inflammatory milieu as well as the impaired lysosome. Elucidating the role of microglial TDP-43 pathology in intensifying neuroinflammation in individuals with FTD due to PGRN deficiency and examining consequential effects on microglial dysfunction might yield novel insights into the mechanisms underlying FTD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Sung
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Xu L, Min H, Saha A, Gunaratne A, Schwartzman J, Parrott R, Kurtzberg J, Filiano AJ. Mesenchymal stromal cells suppress microglial activation and tumor necrosis factor production. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:185-193. [PMID: 38054911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS White matter diseases are commonly associated with microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and thus have the potential to be developed as cell therapy for white matter disease. MSCs interact with resident macrophages to alter the trajectory of inflammation; however, the impact MSCs have on central nervous system macrophages and the effect this has on the progression of white matter disease are unclear. METHODS In this study, we utilized numerous assays of varying complexity to model different aspects of white matter disease. These assays ranged from an in vivo spinal cord acute demyelination model to a simple microglial cell line activation assay. Our goal was to investigate the influence of human umbilical cord tissue MSCs on the activation of microglia. RESULTS MSCs reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by microglia and decreased demyelinated lesions in the spinal cord after acute focal injury. To determine if MSCs could directly suppress the activation of microglia and to develop an efficient potency assay, we utilized isolated primary microglia from mouse brains and the Immortalized MicroGlial Cell Line (IMG). MSCs suppressed the activation of microglia and the release of TNF after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, a toll-like receptor agonist. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that MSCs altered the immune response after acute injury in the spinal cord. In numerous assays, MSCs suppressed activation of microglia and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF. Of these assays, IMG could be standardized and used as an effective potency assay to determine the efficacy of MSCs for treating white matter disease or other neuroinflammatory conditions associated with microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hyunjung Min
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arjun Saha
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aruni Gunaratne
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Roberta Parrott
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joanne Kurtzberg
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J Filiano
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Alavi O, Alizadeh A, Dehghani F, Alipour H, Tanideh N. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Autologous Conditioned Serum on Oligodendrocyte, Astrocyte, and Microglial Specific Gene in Cuprizone Animal Model. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:71-82. [PMID: 36852798 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230228102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, myelin loss, astrocytosis, and microgliosis are pathological signs of the autoimmune and demyelinating disease known as multiple sclerosis (MS). Axonal and neuronal degenerations have basic molecular pathways. The remyelination process can be influenced by the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells due to their capacity for immunomodulation, differentiation, and neuroprotection. Microglial cells are divided into two subgroups: M1 and M2 phenotypes. A crucial component of the microglial function is the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). We aimed to evaluate the immunomodulating effects of secretome and conditioned serum on the microglial phenotypes and improvement of demyelination in a cuprizone model of MS. METHODS The study used 48 male C57BL/6 mice, which were randomly distributed into 6 subgroups (n = 8), i.e., control, cuprizone, MSC (confluency 40% and 80%) secretome group, and blood derived conditioned serum (autologous and humanized). The animals were fed with 0.2% cuprizone diet for 12 weeks. Supplements were injected into the lateral tail vein using a 27-gauge needle every 3 days 500 μl per injection. RESULTS At 14 days after transplantation, animals from each group were sacrificed and analyzed by Real time PCR. The results showed that the administration of MSC secretome can efficiently reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL6 and TNF-α) in the corpus callosum; also, conditioned serum downregulated IL-1. Moreover, the oligodendrocyte-specific gene was upregulated by secretome and conditioned serum treatment. Also, the expression of microglial- specific gene was reduced after treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that the secretome isolated from MSCs used as a therapy decreased and increased the M1 and M2 levels, respectively, to control neuroinflammation in CPZ mice. In conclusion, the current study showed the viability of devising a method to prepare suitable MSCs and secreted factor to cure neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the capability of regulating MSC secretome patterns by manipulating the cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Alavi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Alipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iranaz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mao XF, Zhang XQ, Yao ZY, Mao HJ. Advances in mesenchymal stem cells therapy for tendinopathies. Chin J Traumatol 2024; 27:11-17. [PMID: 38052701 PMCID: PMC10859297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies are chronic diseases of an unknown etiology and associated with inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a viable therapeutic option to combat the pathological progression of tendinopathies, not only because of their potential for multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal, but also their excellent immunomodulatory properties. The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are increasingly being recognized as playing a crucial role in the treatment of tendinopathies, with MSCs being pivotal in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the immune response, ultimately contributing to improved tissue repair. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the application of MSCs in tendinopathy treatments through the modulation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xi-Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China.
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Izquierdo-Altarejos P, Moreno-Manzano V, Felipo V. Pathological and therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:55-61. [PMID: 37488844 PMCID: PMC10479838 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are released by all cell types and contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, and other bioactive molecules. Extracellular vesicles play an important role in intercellular communication and in the modulation of the immune system and neuroinflammation. The cargo of extracellular vesicles (e.g., proteins and microRNAs) is altered in pathological situations. Extracellular vesicles contribute to the pathogenesis of many pathologies associated with sustained inflammation and neuroinflammation, including cancer, diabetes, hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy, and other neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular vesicles may cross the blood-brain barrier and transfer pathological signals from the periphery to the brain. This contributes to inducing neuroinflammation and cognitive and motor impairment in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy and in neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms involved are beginning to be understood. For example, increased tumor necrosis factor α in extracellular vesicles from plasma of hyperammonemic rats induces neuroinflammation and motor impairment when injected into normal rats. Identifying the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases will help to develop new treatments and diagnostic tools for their easy and early detection. In contrast, extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic utility in many of the above pathologies, by reducing inflammation and neuroinflammation and improving cognitive and motor function. These extracellular vesicles recapitulate the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells and have advantages as therapeutic tools: they are less immunogenic, may not differentiate to malignant cells, cross the blood-brain barrier, and may reach more easily target organs. Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells have beneficial effects in models of ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, hyperammonemia, and hepatic encephalopathy. Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells modulate the immune system, promoting the shift from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. For example, extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells modulate the Th17/Treg balance, promoting the anti-inflammatory Treg. Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells may also act directly in the brain to modulate microglia activation, promoting a shift from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. This reduces neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and motor function. Two main components of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells which contribute to these beneficial effects are transforming growth factor-β and miR-124. Identifying the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells induce the beneficial effects and the main molecules (e.g., proteins and mRNAs) involved may help to improve their therapeutic utility. The aims of this review are to summarize the knowledge of the pathological effects of extracellular vesicles in different pathologies, the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells to recover cognitive and motor function and the molecular mechanisms for these beneficial effects on neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Moreno-Manzano
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Kwon HY, Yoon Y, Hong JE, Rhee KJ, Sohn JH, Jung PY, Kim MY, Baik SK, Ryu H, Eom YW. Role of TGF-β and p38 MAPK in TSG-6 Expression in Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:477. [PMID: 38203646 PMCID: PMC10778696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate immune cell activity by expressing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in inflammatory environments; however, whether anti-inflammatory responses affect TSG-6 expression in MSCs is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates TSG-6 expression in adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and whether effective immunosuppression can be achieved using ASCs and TGF-β signaling inhibitor A83-01. TGF-β significantly decreased TSG-6 expression in ASCs, but A83-01 and the p38 inhibitor SB202190 significantly increased it. However, in septic C57BL/6 mice, A83-01 further reduced the survival rate of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated group and ASC transplantation did not improve the severity induced by LPS. ASC transplantation alleviated the severity of sepsis induced by LPS+A83-01. In co-culture of macrophages and ASCs, A83-01 decreased TSG-6 expression whereas A83-01 and SB202190 reduced Cox-2 and IDO-2 expression in ASCs. These results suggest that TSG-6 expression in ASCs can be regulated by high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, and that A83-01 and SB202190 can reduce the expression of immunomodulators in ASCs. Therefore, our data suggest that co-treatment of ASCs with TGF-β or p38 inhibitors is not adequate to modulate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.K.); (P.Y.J.)
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.K.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Ju-Eun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.H.); (K.-J.R.)
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.H.); (K.-J.R.)
| | - Joon Hyung Sohn
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Pil Young Jung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.K.); (P.Y.J.)
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.K.); (S.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.K.); (S.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.K.); (P.Y.J.)
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.K.); (S.K.B.)
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Xu Y, Gao W, Sun Y, Wu M. New insight on microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases and therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1308345. [PMID: 38188026 PMCID: PMC10770846 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1308345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells within the central nervous system (CNS) closely linked to brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In response to changes in the surrounding environment, microglia activate and change their state and function. Several factors, example for circadian rhythm disruption and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, influence microglia activation. In this review, we explore microglia's function and the associated neural mechanisms. We elucidate that circadian rhythms are essential factors influencing microglia activation and function. Circadian rhythm disruption affects microglia activation and, consequently, neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we found that abnormal microglia activation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases and an essential factor of disease development. Here we highlight the importance of microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting microglia for neurodegenerative disease treatment is a promising direction. We introduce the progress of methods targeting microglia for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the progress of drugs developed with microglia as targets, hoping to provide new ideas for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingnan Sun
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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León-Moreno LC, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Villafaña-Estarrón E, García-Martin M, Ojeda-Hernández DD, Matias-Guiu JA, Gomez-Pinedo U, Matias-Guiu J, Canales-Aguirre AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies in the Post-Acute Neurological COVID Syndrome: Current Landscape and Opportunities. Biomolecules 2023; 14:8. [PMID: 38275749 PMCID: PMC10813738 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main concerns related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is the symptoms that could be developed by survivors, known as long COVID, a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms beyond the acute phase of the infection. This syndrome has emerged as a complex and debilitating condition with a diverse range of manifestations affecting multiple organ systems. It is increasingly recognized for affecting the Central Nervous System, in which one of the most prevalent manifestations is cognitive impairment. The search for effective therapeutic interventions has led to growing interest in Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-based therapies due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerative properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding and potential applications of MSC-based interventions in the context of post-acute neurological COVID-19 syndrome, exploring the underlying mechanisms by which MSCs exert their effects on neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and neural tissue repair. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and considerations specific to employing MSC-based therapies, including optimal delivery methods, and functional treatment enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Carolina León-Moreno
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
| | | | - Mercedes Azucena Hernández-Sapiéns
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
| | - Erika Villafaña-Estarrón
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
| | - Marina García-Martin
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Doddy Denise Ojeda-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Jordi A. Matias-Guiu
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Ulises Gomez-Pinedo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Arturo Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
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13
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Tang J, Kang Y, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Lan J, Liu X, Peng Y. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium inhibits microglial activation to ameliorate neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice and cell models. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110760. [PMID: 37704056 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which few effective therapeutic strategies are available. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in ALS pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been proposed for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In this study, we first demonstrated that systemic administration of conditioned medium derived from umbilical cord MSCs (UCMSC-CM) extends the lifespan of transgenic SOD1-G93A mice, a well-characterized model of familial ALS. Moreover, UCMSC-CM inhibits microglial activation and astrogliosis and alleviates the inflammatory milieu by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of iNOS in the spinal cord. Using BV-2 cells overexpressing the SOD1-G93A mutant as an ALS cellular model, we uncovered that UCMSC-CM also suppresses the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response, including reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS. Importantly, by culturing astrocytes alone in microglia-conditioned medium (MCM) or together with microglia in a transwell coculture system, we found that UCMSC-CM modulates the secretome of microglia exposed to inflammatory stimuli, thereby preventing the conversion of astrocytes to the A1 neurotoxic phenotype. This study revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of UCMSC-CM and its regulatory effect on glial activation in the treatment of neuroinflammation in ALS, providing strong evidence for the clinical application of UCMSC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuebin Liu
- Department of Cell Transplantation, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China; Beijing Zhongguang Tianyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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14
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Noh MY, Kwon MS, Oh KW, Nahm M, Park J, Kim YE, Ki CS, Jin HK, Bae JS, Kim SH. Role of NCKAP1 in the Defective Phagocytic Function of Microglia-Like Cells Derived from Rapidly Progressing Sporadic ALS. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4761-4777. [PMID: 37154887 PMCID: PMC10293423 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microglia plays a key role in determining the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet their precise role in ALS has not been identified in humans. This study aimed to identify a key factor related to the functional characteristics of microglia in rapidly progressing sporadic ALS patients using the induced microglia model, although it is not identical to brain resident microglia. After confirming that microglia-like cells (iMGs) induced by human monocytes could recapitulate the main signatures of brain microglia, step-by-step comparative studies were conducted to delineate functional differences using iMGs from patients with slowly progressive ALS [ALS(S), n = 14] versus rapidly progressive ALS [ALS(R), n = 15]. Despite an absence of significant differences in the expression of microglial homeostatic genes, ALS(R)-iMGs preferentially showed defective phagocytosis and an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response to LPS stimuli compared to ALS(S)-iMGs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the perturbed phagocytosis seen in ALS(R)-iMGs was closely associated with decreased NCKAP1 (NCK-associated protein 1)-mediated abnormal actin polymerization. NCKAP1 overexpression was sufficient to rescue impaired phagocytosis in ALS(R)-iMGs. Post-hoc analysis indicated that decreased NCKAP1 expression in iMGs was correlated with the progression of ALS. Our data suggest that microglial NCKAP1 may be an alternative therapeutic target in rapidly progressive sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo, Gyeonggi-Do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- GC Genome Corporation, Yongin, 16924 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- KNU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- KNU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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15
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Palanisamy CP, Pei J, Alugoju P, Anthikapalli NVA, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Gopathy S, Roy JR, Janaki CS, Thalamati D, Mironescu M, Luo Q, Miao Y, Chai Y, Long Q. New strategies of neurodegenerative disease treatment with extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Theranostics 2023; 13:4138-4165. [PMID: 37554286 PMCID: PMC10405853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and intricate interactions between different cell types within the affected regions. Reliable biomarkers that can accurately reflect disease activity, diagnose, and monitor the progression of neurodegenerative diseases are crucial for the development of effective therapies. However, identifying suitable biomarkers has been challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of these diseases, affecting specific subsets of neurons in different brain regions. One promising approach for promoting brain regeneration and recovery involves the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have demonstrated the ability to modulate the immune system, promote neurite outgrowth, stimulate angiogenesis, and repair damaged tissues, partially through the release of their extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs retain some of the therapeutic characteristics of their parent MSCs, including their ability to regulate neurite outgrowth, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue repair. This review aims to explore the potential of MSC-derived EVs as an emerging therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their role in modulating disease progression and promoting neuronal recovery. By elucidating the mechanisms by which MSC-derived EVs exert their therapeutic effects, we can advance our understanding and leverage their potential for the development of novel treatment approaches in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Phaniendra Alugoju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sridevi Gopathy
- Department of Physiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089, India
| | - Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | | | - Monica Mironescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bv. Victoriei 10, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Qiang Luo
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yuan Chai
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
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16
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Zeng CW. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Progress and Future Prospects. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050653. [PMID: 37237467 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a significant medical challenge, often resulting in permanent disability and severely impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. Traditional treatment options remain limited, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches. In recent years, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for SCI treatment due to their multifaceted regenerative capabilities. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated tissue repair in SCI. Key mechanisms discussed include neuroprotection through the secretion of growth factors and cytokines, promotion of neuronal regeneration via MSC differentiation into neural cell types, angiogenesis through the release of pro-angiogenic factors, immunomodulation by modulating immune cell activity, axonal regeneration driven by neurotrophic factors, and glial scar reduction via modulation of extracellular matrix components. Additionally, the review examines the various clinical applications of MSCs in SCI treatment, such as direct cell transplantation into the injured spinal cord, tissue engineering using biomaterial scaffolds that support MSC survival and integration, and innovative cell-based therapies like MSC-derived exosomes, which possess regenerative and neuroprotective properties. As the field progresses, it is crucial to address the challenges associated with MSC-based therapies, including determining optimal sources, intervention timing, and delivery methods, as well as developing standardized protocols for MSC isolation, expansion, and characterization. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate the translation of preclinical findings into clinical practice, providing new hope and improved treatment options for individuals living with the devastating consequences of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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17
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Hong Y, Dong X, Chang L, Xie C, Chang M, Aguilar JS, Lin J, Lin J, Li QQ. Microglia-containing cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells for the study of neurological diseases. iScience 2023; 26:106267. [PMID: 36936782 PMCID: PMC10014280 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Here, we report an approach for generating microglia-containing cerebral organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells involving the supplementation of growth factors (FGF, EGF, heparin) and 10% CO2 culture conditions. Using this platform, Western Pacific Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS-PDC) cerebral organoids were generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These ALS-PDC-affected organoids had more reactive astrocytes and M1 microglia, and had fewer M2 microglia than their unaffected counterparts, leading to impaired microglia-mediated phagocytosis. RNA-seq analysis of ALS-PDC and control organoids indicated that the most significant changes were microglia- and astrocyte-related genes (IFITM1/2, TGF-β, and GFAP). The most significantly downregulated pathway was type I interferon signaling. Interferon-gamma supplementation increased IFITM expression, enhanced microglia-mediated phagocytosis, and reduced beta-amyloid accumulation in ALS-PDC-affected network. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using microglia-containing organoids for the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Xu Dong
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Lawrence Chang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Mariann Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Jose S. Aguilar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Jimmy Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Qingshun Q. Li
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
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18
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Harris VK, Bishop D, Wollowitz J, Carling G, Carlson AL, Daviaud N, Sadiq SA. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitors attenuate proinflammatory microglial activation via paracrine mechanisms. Regen Med 2023; 18:259-273. [PMID: 36852422 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitor cell (MSC-NP) therapy is an experimental approach to treat multiple sclerosis. The influence of MSC-NPs on microglial activation was investigated. Methods: Microglia were stimulated in the presence of MSC-NP-conditioned media, and proinflammatory or proregenerative marker expression was assessed by quantitative PCR and ELISA. Results: Microglia stimulated in the presence of MSC-NP-conditioned media displayed reduced expression of proinflammatory markers including CCL2, increased expression of proregenerative markers and reduced phagocytic activity. The paracrine effects of MSC-NPs from multiple donors correlated with TGF-β3 gene expression and was reversed by TGF-β signaling inhibition. Conclusion: MSC-NPs promote beneficial microglial polarization through secreted factors. This study suggests that microglia are a potential therapeutic target of MSC-NP cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Bishop
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Jaina Wollowitz
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Gillian Carling
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Alyssa L Carlson
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Nicolas Daviaud
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Saud A Sadiq
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, NY 10019, USA
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19
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Joshi JM, Muttigi MS, Upadhya R, Seetharam RN. An overview of the current advances in the treatment of inflammatory diseases using mesenchymal stromal cell secretome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36786742 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2180388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has been leading to the utilization of its therapeutic properties in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The clinical translation of the related research from bench to bedside is cumbersome due to some obvious limitations of cell therapy. It is evident from the literature that the MSC secretome components mediate their wide range of functions. Cell-free therapy using MSC secretome is being considered as an emerging and promising area of biotherapeutics. The secretome mainly consists of bioactive factors, free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles. Constituents of the secretome are greatly influenced by the cell's microenvironment. The broad array of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs are now being employed to target inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the emerging MSC secretome therapies for various inflammatory diseases. The mechanism of action of the various anti-inflammatory factors is discussed. The potential of MSC secretome as a viable anti-inflammatory therapy is deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha S Muttigi
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraja N Seetharam
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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20
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Izquierdo-Altarejos P, Cabrera-Pastor A, Martínez-García M, Sánchez-Huertas C, Hernández A, Moreno-Manzano V, Felipo V. Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells reduce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and restore cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:1. [PMID: 36593485 PMCID: PMC9806918 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperammonemia, a main contributor to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), leads to neuroinflammation which alters neurotransmission leading to cognitive impairment. There are no specific treatments for the neurological alterations in HE. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce neuroinflammation in some pathological conditions. The aims were to assess if treatment of hyperammonemic rats with EVs from MSCs restores cognitive function and analyze the underlying mechanisms. EVs injected in vivo reach the hippocampus and restore performance of hyperammonemic rats in object location, object recognition, short-term memory in the Y-maze and reference memory in the radial maze. Hyperammonemic rats show reduced TGFβ levels and membrane expression of TGFβ receptors in hippocampus. This leads to microglia activation and reduced Smad7-IkB pathway, which induces NF-κB nuclear translocation in neurons, increasing IL-1β which alters AMPA and NMDA receptors membrane expression, leading to cognitive impairment. These effects are reversed by TGFβ in the EVs from MSCs, which activates TGFβ receptors, reducing microglia activation and NF-κB nuclear translocation in neurons by normalizing the Smad7-IkB pathway. This normalizes IL-1β, AMPA and NMDA receptors membrane expression and, therefore, cognitive function. EVs from MSCs may be useful to improve cognitive function in patients with hyperammonemia and minimal HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Izquierdo-Altarejos
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XLaboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XLaboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain ,grid.476458.c0000 0004 0427 8560Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-García
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XLaboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Huertas
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XNeuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain ,grid.466805.90000 0004 1759 6875Laboratory of Bilateral Neural Circuits, Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernández
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XOptical and Confocal Microscopy Service, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Moreno-Manzano
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XNeuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XLaboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo-Yufera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
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21
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Neves BRO, de Freitas S, Borelli P, Rogero MM, Fock RA. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside in vitro suppresses NF-κB and changes the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells affecting macrophage activation. Nutrition 2023; 105:111853. [PMID: 36335873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anthocyanins are polyphenols that are promising chemopreventive agents. They stand out for their anti-inflammatory properties, with specific modulatory actions on the immune system. Additionally, regarding the immune system, a group of cells identified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been attracting attention, mainly because of their capacity to migrate to sites of inflammation and produce potent immunomodulatory effects. Considering the ability of these cells to act on the immune system, as well as the properties of anthocyanins, especially delphinidin, in modulating the immune system, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of delphinidin in influencing some immunoregulatory properties of MSCs. METHODS MSCs were cultivated in the presence of delphinidin 3-O-β-d-glycoside and cell viability, the cell cycle and the production of soluble factors (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor [TGF]-β, prostaglandin E2 [PGE2] and nitric oxide [NO]) were evaluated, as was the expression of the transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)-κB and STAT3. Additionally, the effects of conditioned media from MSCs on macrophage activation were assessed. RESULTS Delphinidin at 50 µM does not affect cell viability. In association with lipopolysaccharide, delphinidin was able to induce MSC proliferation. Additionally, delphinidin modulated the MSC immune response, showing increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β as well as lower expression of NF-κB. Furthermore, conditioned media from MSCs inhibited macrophage metabolism, reducing the production of IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α and increasing IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work showed that delphinidin can modify the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, increasing the IL-10 production by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Roberta Oliveira Neves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sumara de Freitas
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrosio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Zhang W, Xiao D, Li X, Zhang Y, Rasouli J, Casella G, Boehm A, Hwang D, Ishikawa LL, Thome R, Ciric B, Curtis MT, Rostami A, Zhang GX. SIRT1 inactivation switches reactive astrocytes to an antiinflammatory phenotype in CNS autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e151803. [PMID: 36136587 PMCID: PMC9663155 DOI: 10.1172/jci151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in their phenotype and function, which contributes to CNS disease, repair, and aging; however, the molecular mechanism of their functional states remains largely unknown. Here, we show that activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a protein deacetylase, played an important role in the detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, whereas its inactivation conferred these cells with antiinflammatory functions that inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators by myeloid cells and microglia and promoted the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Mice with astrocyte-specific Sirt1 knockout (Sirt1-/-) had suppressed progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ongoing EAE was also suppressed when Sirt1 expression in astrocytes was diminished by a CRISPR/Cas vector, resulting in reduced demyelination, decreased numbers of T cells, and an increased rate of IL-10-producing macrophages and microglia in the CNS, whereas the peripheral immune response remained unaffected. Mechanistically, Sirt1-/- astrocytes expressed a range of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nfe2l2) target genes, and Nfe2l2 deficiency shifted the beneficial action of Sirt1-/- astrocytes to a detrimental one. These findings identify an approach for switching the functional state of reactive astrocytes that will facilitate the development of astrocyte-targeting therapies for inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandra Boehm
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Larissa L.W. Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark T. Curtis
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Regmi S, Liu DD, Shen M, Kevadiya BD, Ganguly A, Primavera R, Chetty S, Yarani R, Thakor AS. Mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Strategies and limitations. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1011225. [PMID: 36277497 PMCID: PMC9584646 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1011225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of age-related dementia and is characterized by progressive brain damage that gradually destroys memory and the ability to learn, which ultimately leads to the decline of a patient’s ability to perform daily activities. Although some of the pharmacological treatments of AD are available for symptomatic relief, they are not able to limit the progression of AD and have several side effects. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) could be a potential therapeutic option for treating AD due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. MSCs not only secret neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors to promote the survival of neurons, but they also transfer functional mitochondria and miRNAs to boost their bioenergetic profile as well as improve microglial clearance of accumulated protein aggregates. This review focuses on different clinical and preclinical studies using MSC as a therapy for treating AD, their outcomes, limitations and the strategies to potentiate their clinical translation.
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24
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Monsour M, Garbuzova-Davis S, Borlongan CV. Patching Up the Permeability: The Role of Stem Cells in Lessening Neurovascular Damage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1196-1209. [PMID: 36181767 PMCID: PMC9801306 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating disease with poor prognosis. The pathophysiology of ALS is commonly debated, with theories involving inflammation, glutamate excitotoxity, oxidative stress, mitochondria malfunction, neurofilament accumulation, inadequate nutrients or growth factors, and changes in glial support predominating. These underlying pathological mechanisms, however, act together to weaken the blood brain barrier and blood spinal cord barrier, collectively considered as the blood central nervous system barrier (BCNSB). Altering the impermeability of the BCNSB impairs the neurovascular unit, or interdependent relationship between the brain and advances the concept that ALS is has a significant neurovascular component contributing to its degenerative presentation. This unique categorization of ALS opens a variety of treatment options targeting the reestablishment of BCNSB integrity. This review will critically assess the evidence implicating the significant neurovascular components of ALS pathophysiology, while also offering an in-depth discussion regarding the use of stem cells to repair these pathological changes within the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Monsour
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Corresponding author: Cesar V. Borlongan, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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25
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Asgari Taei A, Khodabakhsh P, Nasoohi S, Farahmandfar M, Dargahi L. Paracrine Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke: Opportunities and Challenges. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6281-6306. [PMID: 35922728 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that neuroprotective effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ischemic stroke are attributed to their paracrine-mediated actions or bystander effects rather than to cell replacement in infarcted areas. This therapeutic plasticity is due to MSCs' ability to secrete a broad range of bioactive molecules including growth factors, trophic factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, overall known as the secretome. The secretome derivatives, such as conditioned medium (CM) or purified extracellular vesicles (EVs), exert remarkable advantages over MSC transplantation in stroke treating. Here, in this review, we used published information to provide an overview on the secretome composition of MSCs, underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects of MSCs, and preclinical studies on MSC-derived products application in stroke. Furthermore, we discussed current advantages and challenges for successful bench-to-bedside translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Advanced therapeutic strategies targeting microglia: beyond neuroinflammation. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:618-630. [PMID: 36166145 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, microglia have been recognized as the main culprits of neuroinflammatory responses because they are primary phagocytes present in the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). However, with the evolving concept of microglial biology, advanced and precise approaches, rather than the global inhibition of activated microglia, have been proposed in the management of neurological disorders. Yolk sac-derived resident microglia have heterogeneous composition according to brain region, sex, and diseases. They play a key role in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and as primary phagocytes. The perturbation of microglia development can induce neurodevelopmental disorders. Microglia aggravate or alleviate neuroinflammation according to microenvironment and their spatiotemporal dynamics. They are long-lived cells and repopulate via their proliferation or external monocyte engraft. Based on this evolving concept, understanding advanced therapeutic strategies targeting microglia can give us an opportunity to discover novel therapies for neurological disorders.
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27
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Zarini D, Pasbakhsh P, Shabani M, Mojaverrostami S, Hashemi M, Amirizadeh S, Majidpoor J, Omidi A, Mortezaee K, Kashani IR. Glial Response to Intranasal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Intermittent Cuprizone Model of Demyelination. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1415-1426. [PMID: 36053462 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery is a non-invasive method that has received interests for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The impact of intranasal MSCs on intermittent cuprizone model of demyelination was a focus of this study. C57/BL6 mice were fed with 0.3% cuprizone in an intermittent or single ways. Luxol fast blue (LFB), Rotarod test, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and western blot (WB) were used for interpretation of outcomes. MSCs effectively homed to the corpus callosum area, were able to improve motor coordination and to promote myelin recovery in the intermittent cuprizone (INTRCPZ/MSCs). Astrogliosis (GFAP+ cells) and microgliosis (Iba-1+ cells) were hampered, and more mature oligodendrocyte cells (APC+ cells) were identified in mice receiving INTRCPZ/MSCs. Such treatment also considerably reduced markers related to the macrophage type 1 (M1) cells, namely iNOS and CD86, but it recovered the M2 markers MRC-1 and TREM-2. In addition, a remarkable decrease in the expressions of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNFα but an increase in the rate of anti-inflammatory TGF-β and IL-10 were identified in mice that underwent INTRCPZ/MSCs therapy. Finally, microvascular changes were evaluated, and a noticeable increase in the expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 was found in the INTRCPZ/MSCs-treated mice (p < 0.05 for all). The outcomes are representative of the efficacy of intranasal MSCs delivery in intermittent cuprizone model of MS for reshaping macrophage polarity along with modification of glial, inflammatory, and angiogenic markers in favor of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Zarini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Mojaverrostami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Hashemi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Amirizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Omidi
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Pischiutta F, Caruso E, Cavaleiro H, Salgado AJ, Loane DJ, Zanier ER. Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome for traumatic brain injury: Focus on immunomodulatory action. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114199. [PMID: 35952763 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The severity and long-term consequences of brain damage in traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients urgently calls for better neuroprotective/neuroreparative strategies for this devastating disorder. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise and have been shown to confer neuroprotection in experimental TBI, mainly through paracrine mechanisms via secreted bioactive factors (i.e. secretome), which indicates significant potential for a cell-free neuroprotective approach. The secretome is composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles; it may offer advantages over MSCs in terms of delivery, safety, and variability of therapeutic response for brain injury. Immunomodulation by molecular factors secreted by MSCs is considered to be a key mechanism involved in their multi-potential therapeutic effects. Regulated neuroinflammation is required for healthy remodeling of central nervous system during development and adulthood. Moreover, immune cells and their secreted factors can also contribute to tissue repair and neurological recovery following acute brain injury. However, a chronic and maladaptive neuroinflammatory response can exacerbate TBI and contribute to progressive neurodegeneration and long-term neurological impairments. Here, we review the evidence for MSC-derived secretome as a therapy for TBI. Our framework incorporates a detailed analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the effects of the secretome on clinically relevant neurological and histopathological outcomes. We also describe the activation of immune cells after TBI and the immunomodulatory properties exerted by mediators released in the secretome. We then describe how ageing modifies central and systemic immune responses to TBI and discuss challenges and opportunities of developing secretome based neuroprotective therapies for elderly TBI populations. Finally, strategies aimed at modulating the secretome in order to boost its efficacy for TBI will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Cavaleiro
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Stemmatters, Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antonio J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - David J Loane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Rahbaran M, Zekiy AO, Bahramali M, Jahangir M, Mardasi M, Sakhaei D, Thangavelu L, Shomali N, Zamani M, Mohammadi A, Rahnama N. Therapeutic utility of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based approaches in chronic neurodegeneration: a glimpse into underlying mechanisms, current status, and prospects. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:56. [PMID: 35842587 PMCID: PMC9287902 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has become an appreciated therapeutic approach in the context of neurodegenerative disease therapy. Accordingly, a myriad of studies in animal models and also some clinical trials have evinced the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC transplantation in neurodegenerative conditions, most importantly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). The MSC-mediated desired effect is mainly a result of secretion of immunomodulatory factors in association with release of various neurotrophic factors (NTFs), such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Thanks to the secretion of protein-degrading molecules, MSC therapy mainly brings about the degradation of pathogenic protein aggregates, which is a typical appearance of chronic neurodegenerative disease. Such molecules, in turn, diminish neuroinflammation and simultaneously enable neuroprotection, thereby alleviating disease pathological symptoms and leading to cognitive and functional recovery. Also, MSC differentiation into neural-like cells in vivo has partially been evidenced. Herein, we focus on the therapeutic merits of MSCs and also their derivative exosome as an innovative cell-free approach in AD, HD, PD, and ALS conditions. Also, we give a brief glimpse into novel approaches to potentiate MSC-induced therapeutic merits in such disorders, most importantly, administration of preconditioned MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Rahbaran
- Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahta Bahramali
- Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Mardasi
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Sakhaei
- School of Medicine, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Negin Rahnama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Health Services, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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30
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Villarreal-Martinez L, MartÍnez-Garza LE, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Alvarez-Villalobos N, Guzman-Gallardo F, Pope-Salazar S, Salinas-Silva C, Cepeda-Cepeda MG, Garza-Bedolla A, Dominguez-Varela IA, Villarreal-Martinez DZ, Treviño-Villarreal JH, Gomez-Almaguer D. Correlation Between CD133+ Stem Cells and Clinical Improvement in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders Treated with Intrathecal Bone Marrow-derived Mononuclear Cells. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 19:78-86. [PMID: 35958968 PMCID: PMC9341312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by social and communication deficits, for which treatments are limited. Cell therapies, including intrathecal (IT) administration of bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (BM-MNC), improves symptoms in patients with ASD. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with ASD, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, were autologously treated with IT BM-MNC, and the clinical effect was evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) on Days 30 (n=24) and 180 (n=14) post-treatment. IT BM-MNC improved clinical outcomes by Day 30 (p=0.0039), and those benefits remained and were further accentuated by Day 180 post-treatment (n=14; p=<0.0001). Clinical benefit at Days 30 (p=0.001; r= -0.51) and 180 (p=0.01; r= -0.60) posttreatment positively correlated with the enrichment of a putative BM stem cell population expressing the cluster of differentiation 133+ (CD133+) surface marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Villarreal-Martinez
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Laura Elia MartÍnez-Garza
- Drs. Martínez-Garza and Rodriguez-Sanchez are with the Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Drs. Martínez-Garza and Rodriguez-Sanchez are with the Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Neri Alvarez-Villalobos
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guzman-Gallardo
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Sulia Pope-Salazar
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Salinas-Silva
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Maria Guadalupe Cepeda-Cepeda
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Garza-Bedolla
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Irving Armando Dominguez-Varela
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniel Zacarias Villarreal-Martinez
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jose Humberto Treviño-Villarreal
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
| | - David Gomez-Almaguer
- Drs. L Villarreal-Martinez, Alvarez-Villalobos, Guzman-Gallardo, Pope-Salazar, Salinas-Silva, Cepeda-Cepeda, Garza-Bedolla, Dominguez-Varela, DZ Villarreal-Martinez, Treviño-Villarreal, and Gomez-Almaguer are with Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" in Monterrey, Mexico
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Dezfuly AR, Safaee A, Amirpour N, Kazemi M, Ramezani A, Jafarinia M, Dehghani A, Salehi H. Therapeutic effects of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells and their paracrine agents on sodium iodate induced retinal degeneration in rats. Life Sci 2022; 300:120570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The Neuroprotection of Verbascoside in Alzheimer’s Disease Mediated through Mitigation of Neuroinflammation via Blocking NF-κB-p65 Signaling. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071417. [PMID: 35406030 PMCID: PMC9003273 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Verbascoside (VB) is a phenylethanoid glycoside extracted from the herbaceous plant Verbascum sinuatum and plays a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The goal of this study was to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of VB. Based on the proteomics analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and ELISA were utilized to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of VB in context of neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice, LPS-induced BV2 cells, and/or Aβ1-42-stimulated N2a cells. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the neuroprotection of VB correlated closely to its anti-inflammatory effect. VB significantly blocked microglia and astrocyte against activation in brains of APP/PS1 mice, suppressed the generation of IL-1β as well as IL-6, and boosted that of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β in vivo, which were analogous to results acquired in vitro. Furthermore, VB effectively restrained the phosphorylation of IKKα+β, IκBα, and NF-κB-p65 in APP/PS1 mice; LPS-induced BV2 cells, and Aβ1-42-stimulated N2a cells and lowered the tendency of NF-κB-p65 translocation towards nucleus in vitro. These results demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of VB correlates to the modulation of neuroinflammation via NF-κB-p65 pathway, making VB as a hopeful candidate drug for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Wang Y, Han T, Guo R, Song P, Liu Y, Wu Z, Ai J, Shen C. Micro-RNA let-7a-5p Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes the Regrowth of Neurons in Spinal-Cord-Injured Rats by Targeting the HMGA2/SMAD2 Axis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:850364. [PMID: 35401112 PMCID: PMC8990843 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.850364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes neuronal and axonal damage, resulting in permanent neurological impairments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising treatments for SCI. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that EVs from bone marrow-derived MSCs promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into the neurons and outgrowth of neurites that are extending into astrocytic scars in SCI rats. Further study found that let-7a-5p exerted a similar biological effect as MSC-EVs in regulating the differentiation of NSCs and leading to neurological improvement in SCI rats. Moreover, these MSC-EV-induced effects were attenuated by let-7a-5p inhibitors/antagomirs. When investigating the mechanism, bioinformatics predictions combined with western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that both MSC-EVs and let-7a-5p were able to downregulate the expression of SMAD2 by inhibiting HMGA2. In conclusion, MSC-EV-secreted let-7a-5p promoted the regrowth of neurons and improved neurological recovery in SCI rats by targeting the HMGA2/SMAD2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruocheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunlei Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No. 2 People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Zuomeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jichao Ai
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 2 People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Cailiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Cailiang Shen,
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Han Y, Yang J, Fang J, Zhou Y, Candi E, Wang J, Hua D, Shao C, Shi Y. The secretion profile of mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in treating human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:92. [PMID: 35314676 PMCID: PMC8935608 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal potentials. MSCs-based therapies have been widely utilized for the treatment of diverse inflammatory diseases, due to the potent immunoregulatory functions of MSCs. An increasing body of evidence indicates that MSCs exert their therapeutic effects largely through their paracrine actions. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and metabolic products were all found to be functional molecules of MSCs in various therapeutic paradigms. These secretory factors contribute to immune modulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis during regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the secretory behavior of MSCs and the intracellular communication that accounts for their potential in treating human diseases.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted TGF-β1 Restores Treg/Th17 Skewing Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Hypoxia Challenge via miR-155 Suppression. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5522828. [PMID: 35313652 PMCID: PMC8934213 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5522828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Regulatory T cell (Treg)/T helper (Th) 17 skewing is important in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) secreted transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1 on CD4+ T cells are environment-sensitive and lack discussion in hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Methods. Mouse splenic CD4+ T cells were precoated with anti-CD3 (5 μg/ml) and anti-CD28 (2 μg/ml) overnight. RAW264.7 cells were added as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). T cells with and without RAW264.7 cells were treated with various LPS concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml or/and at hypoxia condition of 5% O2. Based on LPS (100 ng/ml) and hypoxia conditions (5% O2) as stimuli, MSCs were set as direct coculture or indirect coculture by transwell system. Anti-TGF-β1 neutralization antibody was added to explore the role of TGF-β1 among the soluble factors secreted by MSCs; miR-155 overexpression of CD4+ T cells was performed by transfection, and then, cells were added to the MSC-CD4+ T cell coculture system in hypoxic- and LPS-stimulated condition. After 48 hours, cells or supernatants were collected for detection of frequency of Treg and Th17 subsets, CD4+ T cell apoptosis and proliferation capacity assay by flow cytometry, secretion of INF-γ, IL-17A, IL-21, TGF-β1, and IL-10 by ELISA, and levels of miR-155, Rorc, Foxp3, and Ptpn2 mRNA expression of CD4+ T cells by RT-PCR. Results. MSCs could restore skewed Treg/Th17 induced by LPS and hypoxia compared to groups without MSCs with increased secretion of TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-17A (
) and attenuate the increased expression of miR-155 in CD4+ T cells via cell-to-cell contact mechanism while TGF-β1 neutralization significantly inhibited the effects of MSCs restoring skewed Treg/Th17 and abolished its effect on miR-155 expression in CD4+ T cells. Conclusions. These findings suggested miR-155 suppression of CD4+ T cells mediated MSC-secreted TGF-β1 modulating skewed Treg/Th17 induced by LPS-hypoxia challenge, providing evidence when proposing future T lymphocyte-targeted cell therapy in a specific condition.
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Deng WS, Liu XY, Ma K, Liang B, Liu YF, Wang RJ, Chen XY, Zhang S. Recovery of motor function in rats with complete spinal cord injury following implantation of collagen/silk fibroin scaffold combined with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1342-1348. [PMID: 34816932 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20200697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds seeded with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on functional recovery after acute complete spinal cord injury. METHODS The fibroin and collagen were mixed (mass ratio, 3:7), and the composite scaffolds were produced. Forty rats were randomly divided into the Sham group (without spinal cord injury), spinal cord injury group (spinal cord transection without any implantation), collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds group (spinal cord transection with implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds), and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (spinal cord transection with the implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds co-cultured with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells). Motor evoked potential, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, modified Bielschowsky's silver staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed. RESULTS The BBB scores in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group were significantly higher than those in the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The amplitude and latency were markedly improved in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Meanwhile, compared to the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups, more neurofilament positive nerve fiber ensheathed by myelin basic protein positive structure at the injury site were observed in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (p<0.01, p<0.05). The results of Bielschowsky's silver staining indicated more nerve fibers was observed at the lesion site in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.01, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the transplantation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds could promote nerve regeneration, and recovery of neurological function after acute spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Sheng Deng
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine - Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Liu
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China.,Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery - Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Fu Liu
- Cangzhou nanobody technology innovation center - Cangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Jie Wang
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
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Deng WS, Yang K, Liang B, Liu YF, Chen XY, Zhang S. Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold combined with mesenchymal stem cells treatment for canines with spinal cord injury: A pilot feasibility study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 29:23094990211012293. [PMID: 34060363 DOI: 10.1177/23094990211012293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to endogenous neuronal deficiency and glial scar formation, spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to irreversible neurological loss. Accumulating evidence has shown that a suitable scaffold has important value for promoting nerve regeneration after SCI. Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold (CHSS) has shown effect for guiding axonal regeneration and decreasing glial scar deposition after SCI. The current research aimed to evaluate the utility of the CHSSs adsorbed with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on nerve regeneration, and functional recovery after acute complete SCI. METHODS CHSSs were prepared, and evaluated for biocompatibility. The CHSSs adsorbed with MSCs were transplanted into these canines with complete SCI. RESULTS We observed that MSCs had good biocompatibility with CHSSs. In complete transverse SCI models, the implantation of CHSS co-cultured with MSCs exhibited significant improvement in locomotion, motor evoked potential, magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and urodynamic parameters. Meanwhile, nerve fibers were markedly improved in the CHSS adsorbed with MSCs group. Moreover, we observed that the implantation of CHSS combined with MSCs modulated inflammatory cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS The results preliminarily demonstrated that the transplantation of MSCs on a CHSS could improve the recovery of motor function after SCI. Thus, implanting the MSCs-laden CHSS is a promising combinatorial therapy for treatment in acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Sheng Deng
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Fu Liu
- Cang Zhou Nanobody Technology Innovation Center, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
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Lu D, Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Macrophage Crosstalk and Maintenance of Inflammatory Microenvironment Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681171. [PMID: 34249933 PMCID: PMC8267370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in almost every aspect of biological systems and include development, homeostasis and repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have good clinical application prospects due to their ability to regulate adaptive and innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, and they have been used successfully for many immune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), acute lung injury, and wound healing, which have been reported as macrophage-mediated disorders. In the present review, we focus on the interaction between MSCs and macrophages and summarize their methods of interaction and communication, such as cell-to-cell contact, soluble factor secretion, and organelle transfer. In addition, we discuss the roles of MSC-macrophage crosstalk in the development of disease and maintenance of homeostasis of inflammatory microenvironments. Finally, we provide optimal strategies for applications in immune-related disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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D'Atri D, Zerrillo L, Garcia J, Oieni J, Lupu-Haber Y, Schomann T, Chan A, Cruz LJ, Creemers LB, Machluf M. Nanoghosts: Mesenchymal Stem cells derived nanoparticles as a unique approach for cartilage regeneration. J Control Release 2021; 337:472-481. [PMID: 34015401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease, which affects the joints and is characterized by inflammation, cartilage loss and bone changes. Nowadays, there are no treatments for OA, and current therapies are focused on relieving the symptoms. As a new therapy approach, micro and nanoparticles have been extensively explored and among all the studied particles, the use of cell-membrane-based particles is expanding. Another promising approach studied to treat OA, is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which play an important role modulating inflammation. We developed a novel kind of MSCs' cytoplasmic-membrane-based nanoparticles, termed nano-ghosts (NGs). Retaining MSCs' surface properties and lacking cells' internal machinery allow the NGs to have immunomodulatory capacity and to be immune-evasive while not susceptible to host-induced changes. In this study, we demonstrate NGs' ability to target cartilage tissues, in vitro and in vivo, while modulating the inflammatory process. In vivo studies demonstrated NGs ability to act as an immunomodulatory drug slowing down cartilage degeneration process. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that NGs system is a versatile nano-carrier system, capable of therapeutics loading, with targeting capabilities towards healthy and inflamed cartilage cells. Our results, along with previously published data, clearly reveal the NGs system as a promising nano-carrier platform and as a potential immunomodulatory drug for several inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D'Atri
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - L Zerrillo
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Oieni
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Lupu-Haber
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Schomann
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Chan
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L B Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelle Machluf
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel.
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Islam R, Drecun S, Varga BV, Vonderwalde I, Siu R, Nagy A, Morshead CM. Transplantation of Human Cortically-Specified Neuroepithelial Progenitor Cells Leads to Improved Functional Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:654290. [PMID: 33994947 PMCID: PMC8116536 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.654290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Current therapeutic options are limited in terms of their time for implementation and efficacy in promoting recovery. Cell transplantation has been shown to have promise in several animal models however significant challenges remain, including the optimal source of cells to promote neural repair. Here, we report on the use of a population of human ESC derived, cortically specified, neuroepithelial precursor cells (cNEPs) that are neurally restricted in their lineage potential. CNEPs have the potential to give rise to mature neural cell types following transplantation, including neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. With a view towards translation, we sought to determine whether this human cell source was effective in promoting improved functional outcomes following stroke. Undifferentiated cNEPs were transplanted in a pre-clinical endothelin-1 (ET-1) model of ischemic motor cortical stroke in immunocompromised SCID-beige mice and cellular and functional outcomes were assessed. We demonstrate that cNEP transplantation in the acute phase (4 days post-stroke) improves motor function as early as 20 days post-stroke, compared to stroke-injured, non-transplanted mice. At the time of recovery, a small fraction (<6%) of the transplanted cNEPs are observed within the stroke injury site. The surviving cells expressed the immature neuronal marker, doublecortin, with no differentiation into mature neural phenotypes. At longer survival times (40 days), the majority of recovered, transplanted mice had a complete absence of surviving cNEPS. Hence, human cNEPs grafted at early times post-stroke support the observed functional recovery following ET-1 stroke but their persistence is not required, thereby supporting a by-stander effect rather than cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehnuma Islam
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stasja Drecun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Balazs V. Varga
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ilan Vonderwalde
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricky Siu
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindi M. Morshead
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ciervo Y, Gatto N, Allen C, Grierson A, Ferraiuolo L, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ. Adipose-derived stem cells protect motor neurons and reduce glial activation in both in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:413-433. [PMID: 33869658 PMCID: PMC8044387 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition for which new therapeutic options are urgently needed. We injected GFP+ adipose-derived stem cells (EGFP-ADSCs) directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of transgenic SOD1G93A mice, a well-characterized model of familial ALS. Despite short-term survival of the injected cells and limited engraftment efficiency, EGFP-ADSCs improved motor function and delayed disease onset by promoting motor neuron (MN) survival and reducing glial activation. We then tested the in vitro neuroprotective potential of mouse ADSCs in astrocyte/MN co-cultures where ALS astrocytes show neurotoxicity. ADSCs were able to rescue MN death caused by ALS astrocytes derived from symptomatic SOD1G93A mice. Further, ADSCs were found to reduce the inflammatory signature of ALS astrocytes by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and inducing the secretion of neuroprotective factors. Finally, mouse ADSCs were able to protect MNs from the neurotoxicity mediated by human induced astrocytes (iAstrocytes) derived from patients with either sporadic or familial ALS, thus for the first time showing the potential therapeutic translation of ADSCs across the spectrum of human ALS. These data in two translational models of ALS show that, through paracrine mechanisms, ADSCs support MN survival and modulate the toxic microenvironment that contributes to neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ciervo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Noemi Gatto
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Chloe Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Andrew Grierson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Richard J. Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Corresponding author: Richard J. Mead, PhD, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Corresponding author: Pamela J. Shaw, Professor, Dame, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Rd., Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
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Hsu TW, Lu YJ, Lin YJ, Huang YT, Hsieh LH, Wu BH, Lin YC, Chen LC, Wang HW, Chuang JC, Fang YQ, Huang CC. Transplantation of 3D MSC/HUVEC spheroids with neuroprotective and proangiogenic potentials ameliorates ischemic stroke brain injury. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120765. [PMID: 33780686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, and the consequent brain cell death, is a common cause of death and disability worldwide. Current treatments that primarily aim to relieve symptoms are relatively inefficient in achieving brain tissue regeneration and functional recovery, and thus novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Although cell-based therapies have shown promise for treating the infarcted brain, a recurring challenge is the inadequate retention and engraftment of transplanted cells at the target tissue, thereby limiting the ultimate therapeutic efficacy. Here, we show that transplantation of preassembled three-dimensional (3D) spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) results in significantly improved cell retention and survival compared with conventional mixed-cell suspensions. The transplanted 3D spheroids exhibit notable neuroprotective, proneurogenic, proangiogenic and anti-scarring potential as evidenced by clear extracellular matrix structure formation and paracrine factor expression and secretion; this ultimately results in increased structural and motor function recovery in the brain of an ischemic stroke mouse model. Therefore, transplantation of MSCs and ECs using the 3D cell spheroid configuration not only reduces cell loss during cell harvesting/administration but also enhances the resultant therapeutic benefit, thus providing important proof-of-concept for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; Centre for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Centre for Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hung Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Huan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wen Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Che Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qiao Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Delgado D, Bilbao AM, Beitia M, Garate A, Sánchez P, González-Burguera I, Isasti A, López De Jesús M, Zuazo-Ibarra J, Montilla A, Domercq M, Capetillo-Zarate E, García del Caño G, Sallés J, Matute C, Sánchez M. Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cellular Populations of the Central Nervous System: The Influence of Donor Age. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041725. [PMID: 33572157 PMCID: PMC7915891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biologic therapy that promotes healing responses across multiple medical fields, including the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of this therapy depends on several factors such as the donor's health status and age. This work aims to prove the effect of PRP on cellular models of the CNS, considering the differences between PRP from young and elderly donors. Two different PRP pools were prepared from donors 65‒85 and 20‒25 years old. The cellular and molecular composition of both PRPs were analyzed. Subsequently, the cellular response was evaluated in CNS in vitro models, studying proliferation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and inflammation. While no differences in the cellular composition of PRPs were found, the molecular composition of the Young PRP showed lower levels of inflammatory molecules such as CCL-11, as well as the presence of other factors not found in Aged PRP (GDF-11). Although both PRPs had effects in terms of reducing neural progenitor cell apoptosis, stabilizing neuronal synapses, and decreasing inflammation in the microglia, the effect of the Young PRP was more pronounced. In conclusion, the molecular composition of the PRP, conditioned by the age of the donors, affects the magnitude of the biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Ane Miren Bilbao
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Ane Garate
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Pello Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Imanol González-Burguera
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-B.); (G.G.d.C.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Amaia Isasti
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maider López De Jesús
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jone Zuazo-Ibarra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Alejandro Montilla
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - María Domercq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gontzal García del Caño
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-B.); (G.G.d.C.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Sallés
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945-252077
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Giunti D, Marini C, Parodi B, Usai C, Milanese M, Bonanno G, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Uccelli A. Role of miRNAs shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in modulating neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1740. [PMID: 33462263 PMCID: PMC7814007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and neuroregenerative properties, which support their therapeutic potential for inflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One mode of action through which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory effects is release of extracellular vesicles that carry proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs), which, once transferred, modify the function of target cells. We identified nine miRNAs significantly dysregulated in IFN-γ-primed MSCs, but present at different levels in their derived small extracellular vesicles (s-EV). We show that miR-467f and miR-466q modulate the pro-inflammatory phenotype of activated N9 microglia cells and of primary microglia acutely isolated from late symptomatic SOD1G93A mice, a murine ALS model, by downregulating Tnf and Il1b expression. Further analysis of the mode of action of miR-467f and miR-466q indicated that they dampen the pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia by modulating p38 MAPK signaling pathway via inhibition of expression of their target genes, Map3k8 and Mk2. Finally, we demonstrated that in vivo administration of s-EV leads to decreased expression of neuroinflammation markers in the spinal cord of EAE-affected mice, albeit without affecting disease course. Overall, our data suggest that MSC-derived exosomes could affect neuroinflammation possibly through specific immunomodulatory miRNAs acting on microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Giunti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Marini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Parodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Harris VK, Stark JW, Yang S, Zanker S, Tuddenham J, Sadiq SA. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitors in progressive MS: Two-year follow-up of a phase I study. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 8:8/1/e928. [PMID: 33277427 PMCID: PMC7738177 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the long-term safety and efficacy of repeated intrathecal (IT) administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitors (MSC-NPs) in patients with progressive MS by evaluating subjects 2 years after treatment. Methods Twenty subjects were enrolled as part of a phase I, open-label single-arm study of 3 IT injections of MSC-NPs spaced 3 months apart. Subjects were evaluated for adverse events and disability outcomes including the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW). Long-term evaluation was conducted 2 years after the third treatment. CSF was collected before and 3 months after treatment. Results Eighteen of the 20 study participants completed the full 2-year follow-up protocol. There were no long-term adverse events associated with repeated IT-MSC-NP treatment. Seven subjects showed sustained improvement in EDSS after 2 years, although the degree of improvement was not maintained in 5 of the subjects. Three of the 10 ambulatory subjects showed sustained improvement in the T25FW after 2 years. CSF biomarker analysis revealed a decrease in C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and an increase in interleukin 8, hepatocyte growth factor, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) after treatment. Conclusions Safety and efficacy of repeated IT-MSC-NP treatment was sustained for 2 years; however, the degree of disability reversal was not sustained in a subset of patients. CSF biomarkers altered in response to IT-MSC-NP treatment may reflect specific immunoregulatory and trophic mechanisms of therapeutic response in MS. Classification of evidence This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with progressive MS, IT administration of MSC-NPs is safe and effective. The study is rated Class IV because of the absence of a non–IT-MSC-NP-treated control group. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01933802.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James W Stark
- From the Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York
| | - Sophia Yang
- From the Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York
| | - Shayna Zanker
- From the Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York
| | - John Tuddenham
- From the Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York
| | - Saud A Sadiq
- From the Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York.
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Liu F, Xie J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhang S, Xue M, Chen J, Yang Y, Qiu H. Overexpressing TGF-β1 in mesenchymal stem cells attenuates organ dysfunction during CLP-induced septic mice by reducing macrophage-driven inflammation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:378. [PMID: 32883356 PMCID: PMC7469348 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in critically ill patients. It is well known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy partly due to their paracrine-mediated immunoregulatory function. Previous study demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is an important cytokine secreted by MSCs and that it participates in MSC-mediated macrophage phenotype switch from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolution. In addition, the transformation of macrophage phenotype may be a potential treatment for sepsis. However, the therapeutic effect of overexpressing TGF-β1 in MSCs (MSC-TGF-β1) on sepsis is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of TGF-β1 overexpressing MSCs on organ injury in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice and to detect the changes in macrophage phenotype during this process. Methods Mouse MSCs stably transfected with TGF-β1 were constructed and injected into CLP-induced septic mice via tail vein. After 24 h, the mice were sacrificed; then, the histopathology of the organ was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. Macrophage infiltration and phenotype transformation in the tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. In addition, we performed adoptive transfer of mouse peritoneal macrophage pretreated with TGF-β1 overexpressing MSCs in septic mice. Results We found that infusion of TGF-β1 overexpressing MSCs attenuated the histopathological impairment of the organ, decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and inhibited macrophage infiltration in tissues. TGF-β1 overexpressing MSCs induced macrophage phenotypes changed from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolution in inflammatory environment. The adoptive transfer of mouse peritoneal macrophages pretreated with TGF-β1 overexpressing MSCs also relieved organ damage in CLP-induced septic mice. Conclusion Under septic conditions, TGF-β1 overexpressing MSCs can enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs on organ injury and inflammation as a result of reduced macrophage infiltration and induced macrophages transformation, the adoptive transfer of macrophages treated with TGF-β1 overexpressing MSCs also relieved organ damage. This will provide new hope for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zongsheng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianxiao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Kim J, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim K, Song M, Lee J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1-14. [PMID: 32741816 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, but its cause remains unclear. Although a few drugs can provide temporary and partial relief of symptoms in some patients, no curative treatment is available. Therefore, attention has been focused on research using stem cells to treat AD. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat the related pathologies in animal models of AD, and other neurodegenerative disease. This review describes latest research trends on the use of MSC-based therapies in AD and its action of mechanism. MSCs have several beneficial effects. They would be specified as the reduction of neuroinflammation, the elimination of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, and abnormal protein degradation, the promotion of autophagy-associated and blood-brain barrier recoveries, the upregulation of acetylcholine levels, improved cognition, and the recovery of mitochondrial transport. Therefore, this review describes the latest research trends in MSC-based therapy for AD by demonstrating the importance of MSC-based therapy and understanding of its mechanisms in AD and discusses the limitations and perspectives of stem cell therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kipom Kim
- Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Song
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Jong Wan Kim, Park HS, You MJ, Yang B, Jang KB, Kwon MS. Time Course of Peripheral and Central Immune System Alterations in Paclitaxel-Treated Mice: Possible Involvement of Dysfunctional Microglia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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You MJ, Bang M, Park HS, Yang B, Jang KB, Yoo J, Hwang DY, Kim M, Kim B, Lee SH, Kwon MS. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in amphetamine-sensitized mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:123. [PMID: 32341334 PMCID: PMC7186225 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, therapeutic options available for treating schizophrenia are limited to monoamine-based antipsychotic drugs. Recent genome wide association study (GWAS) indicated a close relationship between immune system and schizophrenia. To leverage the GWAS finding for therapeutic strategy, we conducted a mechanism and effect study on application of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) with potent immune-modulatory effect in an animal model useful for the study of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviors were induced by amphetamine administration (amphetamine-sensitized mice) and the effect of a single intravenous administration of hUC-MSC was examined in the amphetamine-sensitized mice. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviors were assessed by open field test, light/dark box, social interaction test, latent inhibition, prepulse inhibition, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Our results indicated that neuroinflammation along with peripheral TNF-α elevation is associated with schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in amphetamine-sensitized mice. In addition, hUC-MSC inhibited schizophrenia-relevant and the neuroinflammatory changes. The main mechanism of hUC-MSC was associated with the induction of Treg and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in periphery. In vitro study revealed that amphetamine did not directly induce a neuroinflammatory reaction, while recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, KMO, and IL-1β in several microglial cell lines. Moreover, recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) and MSC conditioned media inhibited the inflammatory response in rTNF-α-treated microglial cells. Assuming that hUC-MSCs rarely reach the CNS and do not remain in the body for an extended time, these findings suggest that a single hUC-MSC infusion have long-term beneficial effect via regulatory T cell induction and secretion of IL-10 in amphetamine-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung You
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13496 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Park
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Yang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Beom Jang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongman Yoo
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13497 Republic of Korea
| | - Borah Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13496 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Mello TG, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Campos RMP, Vasques JF, Rangel-Junior WS, Mattos RSDARD, Puig-Pijuan T, Foerster BU, Gutfilen B, Souza SAL, Boltze J, Paiva FF, Mendez-Otero R, Pimentel-Coelho PM. Intravenous Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Administration in Models of Moderate and Severe Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:586-598. [PMID: 32160799 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is as a life-threatening condition that can occur in young adults, often causing long-term disability. Recent preclinical data suggest mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies as promising options to minimize brain damage after ICH. However, therapeutic evidence and mechanistic insights are still limited, particularly when compared with other disorders such as ischemic stroke. Herein, we employed a model of collagenase-induced ICH in young adult rats to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of an intravenous injection of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs). Two doses of collagenase were used to cause moderate or severe hemorrhages. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that animals treated with hUC-MSCs after moderate ICH had smaller residual hematoma volumes than vehicle-treated rats, whereas the cell therapy failed to decrease the hematoma volume in animals with a severe ICH. Functional assessments (rotarod and elevated body swing tests) were performed for up to 21 days after ICH. Enduring neurological impairments were seen only in animals subjected to severe ICH, but the cell therapy did not induce statistically significant improvements in the functional recovery. The biodistribution of Technetium-99m-labeled hUC-MSCs was also evaluated, showing that most cells were found in organs such as the spleen and lungs 24 h after transplantation. Nevertheless, it was possible to detect a weak signal in the brain, which was higher in the ipsilateral hemisphere of rats subjected to a severe ICH. These data indicate that hUC-MSCs have moderately beneficial effects in cases of less severe brain hemorrhages in rats by decreasing the residual hematoma volume, and that optimization of the therapy is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanira Giara Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Rosado-de-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Ferreira Vasques
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Teresa Puig-Pijuan
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernd Uwe Foerster
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gutfilen
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Augusto Lopes Souza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Moreno Pimentel-Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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