1
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Nur EAA, Kobayashi K, Ohte S, Tomoda H, Ohshiro T. Screening for microbial potentiators of neutral lipid degradation in CHO-K1 cells. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:273-279. [PMID: 36450503 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A cell-based assay was conducted to screen microbial culture broths for potentiators of neutral lipid degradation in Chinese Hamster Ovary K1 cells. A total of 5,363 microbial cultures from fungi and actinomycetes were screened in this assay. Brefeldin A (1) from fungal cultures was found to promote the degradation of triacylglycerol (TG) with an EC50 of 2.6 µM. Beauveriolides I (2), III (3), beauverolides A (4), B (5), and K (6) from fungal cultures showed potentiating effect on cholesteryl ester (CE) degradation with EC50s ranging from 0.02 to 0.13 µM. Among these compounds, 2 and 6 exhibited the strongest activities (EC50, 0.02 µM). From actinomycete cultures, oxohygrolidin (7) (EC50 for TG and CE, > 1.7 and 0.8 µM, respectively) and hygrolidin (8) (EC50 for TG and CE, 0.08 and 0.004 µM, respectively) promoted degradation of CE more preferably than TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyza Aiman Azizah Nur
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Ohshiro
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kontogiannatos D, Koutrotsios G, Xekalaki S, Zervakis GI. Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris-A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110986. [PMID: 34829273 PMCID: PMC8621325 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration-usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation-results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.
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3
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Dodecanol, metabolite of entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus, affects fatty acid composition and cellular immunity of Galleria mellonella and Calliphora vicina. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15963. [PMID: 34354188 PMCID: PMC8342708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One group of promising pest control agents are the entomopathogenic fungi; one such example is Conidiobolus coronatus, which produces a range of metabolites. Our present findings reveal for the first time that C. coronatus also produces dodecanol, a compound widely used to make surfactants and pharmaceuticals, and enhance flavors in food. The main aim of the study was to determine the influence of dodecanol on insect defense systems, i.e. cuticular lipid composition and the condition of insect immunocompetent cells; hence, its effect was examined in detail on two species differing in susceptibility to fungal infection: Galleria mellonella and Calliphora vicina. Dodecanol treatment elicited significant quantitative and qualitative differences in cuticular free fatty acid (FFA) profiles between the species, based on gas chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and had a negative effect on G. mellonella and C. vicina hemocytes and a Sf9 cell line in vitro: after 48 h, almost all the cells were completely disintegrated. The metabolite had a negative effect on the insect defense system, suggesting that it could play an important role during C. coronatus infection. Its high insecticidal activity and lack of toxicity towards vertebrates suggest it could be an effective insecticide.
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Wang X, Gao YL, Zhang ML, Zhang HD, Huang JZ, Li L. Genome mining and biosynthesis of the Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor beauveriolide I and III in Cordyceps militaris. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:85-91. [PMID: 31926180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ascomycete fungi Cordyceps are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and numerous investigations have been carried out to uncover their biological activities. However, primary researches on the physiological effects of Cordyceps were committed using crude extracts. At present, there are only a few compounds which were comprehensively characterized from Cordyceps, partial owing to the low production. In order to scientifically take advantage of Cordyceps, we used the strategy of genome mining to discover bioactive compounds from Cordyceps militaris. We found the putative biosynthetic gene cluster of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor beauveriolides in the genome of C. militaris, and produced the compounds by heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans. Production of beauveriolide I and III also was detected in both ferment mycelia and fruiting bodies of C. militaris. The possible biosynthetic pathway was proposed. Our studies unveil the active compounds of C. militaris against atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease and provide the enzyme resources for the biosynthesis of new cyclodepsipeptide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yang-Le Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Huai-Dong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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5
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Heneberg P, Jegorov A, Šimek P. Peroral administration of beauverolides allows their transport into the peripheral blood and urine. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1809525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Jegorov
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Ohshiro T, Imuta S, Hijikuro I, Yagyu H, Takahashi T, Doi T, Ishibashi S, Tomoda H. The Anti-atherogenic Activity of Beauveriolide Derivative BVD327, a Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2-Selective Inhibitor, in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:951-958. [PMID: 32475917 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fungal 13-membered cyclodepsipeptides, beauveriolides I and III, were previously reported to be atheroprotective activity in mouse models via inhibiting sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) activity. A total of 149 beauveriolide derivatives (BVDs) synthesized combinatorially were evaluated in in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) analysis and inhibitory activity toward the two SOAT isozymes, SOAT1 and SOAT2. Hence, only 11 BVDs exhibited SOAT2-selective inhibition. Among these, we chose BVD327, which had the highest ADME score, for further evaluation. BVD327 administration (50 mg/kg/d, per os (p.o.)) significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and heart (25.4 ± 6.9 and 20.6 ± 2.9%, respectively) in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (0.2% cholesterol and 21% fat) for 12 weeks. These findings indicate that beauveriolide derivatives can be used as anti-atherosclerotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | | | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
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7
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Kobayashi K, Ohte S, Ohshiro T, Ugaki N, Tomoda H. A Mixture of Atropisomers Enhances Neutral Lipid Degradation in Mammalian Cells with Autophagy Induction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12099. [PMID: 30108268 PMCID: PMC6092391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atropisomers with a biaryl dihydronaphthopyranone structure, dinapinones A1 (DPA1) (M position) and A2 (DPA2) (P position), were isolated from the fungus culture broth of Talaromyces pinophilus FKI-3864 as inhibitors of [14C]neutral lipid ([14C]triacylglycerol (TG) and [14C]cholesteryl ester (CE)) synthesis from [14C]oleic acid in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells. DPA2 inhibited [14C]TG and [14C]CE synthesis (IC50s, 0.65 and 5.6 μM, respectively), but DPA1 had no inhibitory activity on [14C]TG and [14C]CE synthesis even at 12 μM. However, a 1:1 mixture of DPA1 and DPA2 (DPAmix) had the most potent inhibitory activity on [14C]TG and [14C]CE synthesis (IC50s, 0.054 and 0.18 μM, respectively). The mechanism of action of DPAmix was investigated. DPAmix had no effects on the enzymes involved in neutral lipid synthesis, while DPAmix enhanced the degradation of [14C]neutral lipids with concomitant decrease in cytosolic lipid droplets accumulated in CHO-K1 cells. From analysis of autophagy marker proteins, DPAmix caused dose-dependent induction of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and degradation of p62. In the autophagic flux assay using bafilomycin A1, DPAmix upregulated autophagosome turnover. These results reveal that DPAmix enhances neutral lipid degradation together with induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Narihiro Ugaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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8
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Abstract
Beauveriolide III (BeauIII) inhibited sterol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 (SOAT1 and SOAT2), which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins, in an enzyme-based assay, and selectively inhibited SOAT1 in a cell-based assay using SOAT1-/SOAT2-CHO cells. This discrepancy in SOAT inhibition by BeauIII was investigated. In the enzyme-based assay, BeauIII inhibited SOAT1 and SOAT2 to a similar extent using microsomes prepared from cells disrupted under the strongest sonication condition. In semi-intact SOAT1-/SOAT2-CHO cells prepared by a treatment with digitonin (plasma membrane permeabilized), BeauIII selectively inhibited SOAT1 (IC50; 5.0 µM (SOAT1) vs >90 µM (SOAT2)), while in those treated with saponin (plasma membrane and ER membrane permeabilized), BeauIII inhibited SOAT1 (IC50, 1.8 µM) and SOAT2 (5.9 µM). SOAT1-selective inhibition by BeauIII was reproduced in intact ER fractions prepared from SOAT1/SOAT2-CHO cells. A Western blotting analysis revealed that biotin-labeled beauveriolide bound to the SOAT1 protein prepared from SOAT1-CHO cells. We concluded that BeauIII binds to a putative active site responsible for SOAT1 that is located on the cytosolic side of the ER, while BeauIII is not accessible to the corresponding active site for SOAT2 located on the luminal side.
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9
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Iwasaki A, Tadenuma T, Sumimoto S, Ohshiro T, Ozaki K, Kobayashi K, Teruya T, Tomoda H, Suenaga K. Biseokeaniamides A, B, and C, Sterol O-Acyltransferase Inhibitors from an Okeania sp. Marine Cyanobacterium. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1161-1166. [PMID: 28294609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biseokeaniamides A, B, and C (1-3), structurally novel sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) inhibitors, were isolated from an Okeania sp. marine cyanobacterium. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and degradation reactions. Biseokeaniamide B (2) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human HeLa cancer cells, and compounds 1-3 inhibited both SOAT1 and SOAT2, not only at an enzyme level but also at a cellular level. Biseokeaniamides (1-3) are the first linear lipopeptides that have been shown to exhibit SOAT-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takato Tadenuma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shimpei Sumimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kaori Ozaki
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus , 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus , 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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10
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Masuda Y, Aoyama K, Yoshida M, Kobayashi K, Ohshiro T, Tomoda H, Doi T. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Beauveriolide Analogues Bearing Photoreactive Amino Acids. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:754-65. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | | | | | - Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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11
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Kobayashi K, Ohshiro T, Matsuda D, Jiang W, Hong B, Si S, Tomoda H. The mechanism of action of bufalin in inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation in mouse macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:364-9. [PMID: 23449325 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A cardiotonic glycoside, bufalin, originally isolated from the dried white venom of Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans, was found to inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in mouse macrophages. Bufalin selectively inhibited synthesis of [C]cholesteryl ester (CE), a main component of lipid droplet, from [C]oleic acid and [C]cholesterol with IC values of 8.6 µM and 10 µM, respectively. The postlysosomal metabolism of cholesterol to CE in macrophages was also inhibited by the compound with a similar IC value of 13.2 µM. However, the compound exhibited almost no effect on acyl-CoA : cholesterol acyltransferase, a key enzyme in CE synthesis localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From the fluorescent microscopic observation of cellular lipids, bufalin-treated macrophages increased the accumulation of free cholesterol in lysosomes and caused to enlarge the shape and volume of lysosomes as well as pregnenolone-treated macrophages. These findings suggest that bufalin inhibited the postlysosomal metabolism of cholesterol, leading to a reduction of lipid droplets in mouse macrophages without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5–9–1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108–8641, Japan
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12
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New rapid screening method for anti-aging compounds using budding yeast and identification of beauveriolide I as a potent active compound. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1226-8. [PMID: 22790951 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The chronological lifespan (CLS) of budding yeast is a model for the aging of post-mitotic cells in higher eukaryotes. We report here the development of a new method to assess yeast CLS. The new assay is simple, convenient and labor-saving. We applied this new method to screen natural compounds isolated from mushrooms and discovered beauveriolide I as a potent anti-aging agent.
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Ohshiro T, Matsuda D, Kazuhiro T, Uchida R, Nonaka K, Masuma R, Tomoda H. New verticilides, inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, produced by Verticillium sp. FKI-2679. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 65:255-62. [PMID: 22415459 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium sp. FKI-2679, a soil isolate, was found to produce inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in a cell-based assay using ACAT1- and ACAT2-expressing CHO cells. Three new compounds, verticilides A2, A3 and B1, were isolated along with a known compound, verticilide A1, from the fermentation broth of the fungus by solvent extraction, ODS column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Structure elucidation showed that these compounds were new cyclic depsipeptide. Verticilides A1, A2, A3 and B1 showed a degree of selectivity towards ACAT2, with IC(50)s 8.5-11-fold more potent than observed against ACAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Isoform-specific inhibitors of ACATs: recent advances and promising developments. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:2039-61. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Although a number of synthetic ACAT inhibitors have been developed, they have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. Now, the presence of two ACAT isoforms with distinct functions, ACAT1 and ACAT2, has been discovered. Thus, the selectivity of ACAT inhibitors toward the two isoforms is important for their development as novel anti-atherosclerotic agents. The selectivity study indicated that fungal pyripyropene A (PPPA) is only an ACAT2-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, PPPA proved orally active in atherogenic mouse models, indicating it possessed cholesterol-lowering and atheroprotective activities. Certain PPPA derivatives, semi-synthetically prepared, possessed more potent and selective in vitro activity than PPPA against ACAT2. This review covers these studies and describes the future prospects of ACAT2-specific inhibitors.
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15
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Conformationally restricted analog and biotin-labeled probe based on beauveriolide III. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:696-9. [PMID: 22079027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A conformationally restricted oxazoline analog 7 was designed on the basis of a SAR study of beauveriolide III (2) and its analogs reported previously. Conformational analysis by molecular mechanics calculation suggested that the three side chains of 7 mostly occupy the same spaces as those of 2. The analog 7 was synthesized by peptide coupling of the d-cyclohexylglycine-containing ester 11 and d-Ser-containing dipeptide 12, macrolactamization, and cyclodehydration of 6 for the construction of an oxazoline ring. The bicyclic 7 exhibited potential inhibitory activity for cholesteryl ester synthesis similar to that by 2. These results revealed biologically important 3D spaces of the three side chains in inhibitory activity for cholesteryl ester synthesis. In addition, we accomplished the synthesis of a biotin-labeled probe 8 by copper-catalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition of a biotin-containing alkyne 16 and azido-containing beauveriolide analog 15 prepared from 6.
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16
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Langenfeld A, Blond A, Gueye S, Herson P, Nay B, Dupont J, Prado S. Insecticidal cyclodepsipeptides from Beauveria felina. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:825-830. [PMID: 21438588 DOI: 10.1021/np100890n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel cyclodepsipeptide, iso-isariin B (1), and the known isaridin E (2) were isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria felina. Their structures were elucidated using MS/MS fragmentation and extensive 2D-heteronuclear NMR. The X-ray structure of isaridin E was obtained, showing two potent intramolecular H bonds and a type-VI turn with the HyLeu(1)-Pro(2) amide bond in a cis conformation. Iso-isariin B (1) was active against the pest-insect Sitophilus spp. with an LD(50) value of 10 μg/mL. This observation also gives some clues for ecological interpretation of cyclodepsipeptide production by B. felina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Langenfeld
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier (CP 54) 75005 Paris, France
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17
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Edwards PJ. Parallel chemistry libraries for the discovery of biologically active substances. Drug Discov Today 2010; 15:579-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Matsuda D, Ohshiro T, Ohba M, Jiang W, Hong B, Si S, Tomoda H. The molecular target of rubimaillin in the inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1317-20. [PMID: 19652367 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The naphthohydroquinone rubimaillin, which has an angular-type three cyclic skeleton and was isolated from the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, was found to inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in mouse macrophages and to selectively inhibit cholesteryl ester synthesis (IC(50): 18 microM). The metabolism of cholesterol from lysosomes to lipid droplets was inhibited by the compound with a similar IC(50) (45 microM). Moreover, rubimaillin inhibited acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT1) activity in ACAT1-expressing cells (IC(50): 80 microM). Thus, these data strongly suggest that rubimaillin inhibits macrophage ACAT activity in order to decrease cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis, leading to a reduction in the number of lipid droplets. Furthermore, rubimaillin was found to inhibit the ACAT2 isozyme in ACAT2-expressing cells (IC(50): 22 microM). We concluded that rubimaillin is a dual inhibitor of ACAT1 and ACAT2, but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Witter DP, Chen Y, Rogel JK, Boldt GE, Wentworth P. The natural products beauveriolide I and III: a new class of beta-amyloid-lowering compounds. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1344-7. [PMID: 19396893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Attacking Alzheimer's by ACAT: The aggregation of beta-amyloid peptides, especially Abeta(42), into senile plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We show that the fungal natural products beauveriolides I and III can potently decrease Abeta secretion from cells expressing human amyloid precursor protein; this offers a potential new scaffold for the development of compounds with proven bioavailability for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Witter
- The Scripps-Oxford Laboratory, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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20
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Ohshiro T, Matsuda D, Nagai K, Doi T, Sunazuka T, Takahashi T, Rudel LL, Omura S, Tomoda H. The selectivity of beauveriolide derivatives in inhibition toward the two isozymes of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:377-81. [PMID: 19336931 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The selectivity of synthetic beauveriolide derivatives in inhibition toward the two isozymes of acyl-CoA : cholesterol acyltrasferase (ACAT), ACAT1 and ACAT2, was studied in cell-based assays using ACAT1- or ACAT2-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. NBV274, 285 and 300 showed ACAT1 selective inhibition similar to that of natural beauveriolides I and III, NBV345 inhibited both isozymes with similar potency, but NBV281, 331 and 249 were found to selectively inhibit the ACAT2 isozyme. The structure-activity relationships indicated that a subtle structural difference in beauveriolide derivatives can affect the selectivity of inhibition of the ACAT isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Yamazaki H, Kobayashi K, Matsuda D, Nonaka K, Masuma R, Ōmura S, Tomoda H. Pentacecilides, new inhibitors of lipid droplet formation in mouse macrophages, produced by Penicillium cecidicola FKI-3765-1: I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:195-200. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Neumann K, Kehraus S, Gütschow M, König GM. Cytotoxic and HLE-Inhibitory Tetramic Acid Derivatives from Marine-Derived Fungi. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetramic acid derivatives are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles with a pyrrolidine-2,4-dione core as a key structural motif. From the sponge-derived fungus Beauveria bassiana, a new equisetin-like tetramic acid derivative, beauversetin (1), was isolated. The sea weed-derived fungus Microdiplodia sp. produced the tetramic acid derivative 2 (Sch210972) which was shown to inhibit human leucocyte elastase (HLE) with an IC50 of 1.04 μg mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Neumann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M. König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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23
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Nandy JP, Prakesch M, Khadem S, Reddy PT, Sharma U, Arya P. Advances in Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis toward the Generation of Natural Product-like Libraries. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1999-2060. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800188v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti P. Nandy
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Prakesch
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shahriar Khadem
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - P. Thirupathi Reddy
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Utpal Sharma
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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24
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Endolysosomal phospholipidosis and cytosolic lipid droplet storage and release in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1791:524-39. [PMID: 19146988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge of endolysosomal and cytoplasmic lipid storage in macrophages induced by oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), enzymatically degraded LDL (E-LDL) and other atherogenic lipoprotein modifications, and their relation to the adapter protein 3 (AP-3) dependent ABCA1 and ABCG1 cellular lipid efflux pathways. We compare endolysosomal lipid storage caused either through drug induced phospholipidosis, inheritable endolysosomal and cytosolic lipid storage disorders and Ox-LDL or E-LDL induced phagosomal uptake and cytosolic lipid droplet storage in macrophages. Ox-LDL is resistant to rapid endolysosomal hydrolysis and is trapped within the endolysosomal compartment generating lamellar bodies which resemble the characteristics of phospholipidosis. Various inherited lysosomal storage diseases including sphingolipidosis, glycosphingolipidosis and cholesterylester storage diseases also present a phospholipidosis phenotype. In contrast E-LDL resembling coreless unesterified cholesterol enriched LDL-particles, with a multilamellar, liposome-like structure, lead to rapid phagosomal degradation and cytosolic lipid droplet accumulation. As a consequence the uptake of E-LDL through type I and type II phagocytosis leads to increased lipid droplet formation and moderate upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 while uptake of Ox-LDL leads to a rapid expansion of the lysosomal compartment and a pronounced upregulation of the ABCA1/ABCG1/AP-3 lipid efflux pathway.
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25
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Nagai K, Doi T, Ohshiro T, Sunazuka T, Tomoda H, Takahashi T, Ōmura S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a focused library of beauveriolides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4397-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Matsuda D, Ohte S, Ohshiro T, Jiang W, Rudel L, Hong B, Si S, Tomoda H. Molecular Target of Piperine in the Inhibition of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1063-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | | | - Wei Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Screening of New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
| | - Lawrence Rudel
- Department of Pathology, Arteriosclerosis Research Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
| | - Bin Hong
- National Key Laboratory for Screening of New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
| | - Shuyi Si
- National Key Laboratory for Screening of New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
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27
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Hashizume H, Nishimura Y. Cyclic Lipopeptide Antibiotics. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART O) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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28
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Tomoda H, Doi T. Discovery and combinatorial synthesis of fungal metabolites beauveriolides, novel antiatherosclerotic agents. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:32-9. [PMID: 17803269 DOI: 10.1021/ar700117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For discovery of a new type of antiatherosclerotic agents, a cell-based assay of lipid droplet accumulation using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages was conducted as a model of macrophage-derived foam cell accumulation, which occurs in the early stage of atherosclerogenesis. During the screening of microbial metabolites for inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation, 13-membered cyclodepsipeptides, known beauveriolide I and new beauveriolide III, were isolated from the culture broth of fungal Beauveria sp. FO-6979, a soil isolate, by solvent extraction, ODS column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. The structure including the absolute stereochemistry of beauveriolide III was elucidated as cyclo-[(3 S,4 S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl- l-phenylalanyl- l-alanyl- d-alloisoleucyl] by spectral analyses, amino acid analyses, and synthetic methods. Furthermore, the absolute stereochemistry was confirmed by the total synthesis of beauveriolides. Study on the mechanism of action revealed that beauveriolides inhibited macrophage acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity to block the synthesis of cholesteryl ester (CE), leading to a reduction of lipid droplets in macrophages. There are two ACAT isozymes in mammals, ACAT1 and ACAT2. ACAT1 is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues and cells including macrophages, while ACAT2 is expressed predominantly in the liver (hepatocytes) and the intestine (enterocytes). Interestingly, beauveriolides inhibited both ACAT1 and ACAT2 to a similar extent in an enzyme assay that utilized microsomes but inhibited ACAT1 selectively in intact cell-based assays. Beauveriolides proved orally active in both low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice, reducing the atheroma lesion of heart and aorta without any side effects such as diarrhea or cytotoxicity to adrenal tissues as observed for many synthetic ACAT inhibitors. To obtain more potent inhibitors, a focused library of beauveriolide analogues was prepared by combinatorial chemistry in which solid-phase assembly of linear depsipeptides was carried out using a 2-chlorotrityl linker, followed by solution-phase cyclization, yielding 104 beauveriolide analogues. Among them, diphenyl derivatives were found to show 10 times more potent inhibition of CE synthesis in macrophages than beauveriolide III. Furthermore, most analogues showed selective ACAT1 inhibition or inhibition of both ACAT1 and ACAT2, but interestingly certain analogues gave selective ACAT2 inhibition. These data indicated that subtle structural differences of the inhibitors could discriminate the active sites of the ACAT1 and ACAT2 isozymes. Efforts of further analogue synthesis would make it possible to obtain highly selective ACAT1/ACAT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tomoda
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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29
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Tomoda H, Omura S. Potential therapeutics for obesity and atherosclerosis: Inhibitors of neutral lipid metabolism from microorganisms. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 115:375-89. [PMID: 17614133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) are the enzymes that catalyze the final reactions of triacylgycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis, and accumulation of TG and CE in adipocytes and arteries causes obesity and atherosclerosis, respectively. Therefore, DGAT and ACAT have been viewed as potential therapeutic targets for these diseases. From the screening program for DGAT inhibitors, new compounds were discovered from fungal and plant extracts, and are expected to provide leads for drug development. From the screening programs for ACAT inhibitors and lipid droplet synthesis inhibitors, new compounds with chemical structures different from those of known synthetic inhibitors were discovered from the cultures of fungal and actinomycete strains. Among them, fungal beauveriolide III rather selectively inhibited ACAT1 isozyme, while fungal pyripyropene A was found to be a highly selective inhibitor of ACAT2 isozyme. Both inhibitors proved orally active in in vivo models. Furthermore, a library of beauveriolide and pyripyropene analogs was prepared by combinatorial and semisynthetic methods, respectively. The future prospects of these inhibitors are discussed.
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30
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Ohshiro T, Rudel LL, Omura S, Tomoda H. Selectivity of microbial acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors toward isozymes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2007; 60:43-51. [PMID: 17390588 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of microbial inhibitors of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) toward the two isozymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2, was assessed in cell-based assays. Purpactin A (IC50 values of ACAT1 vs. IC50 values of ACAT2; 2.5 microM vs. 1.5 microM), terpendole C (10 microM vs. 10 microM), glisoprenin A (4.3 microM vs. 10 microM), spylidone (25 microM vs. 5.0 microM) and synthetic CL-283,546 (0.1 microM vs. 0.09 microM) inhibited ACAT1 and ACAT2 to similar extents. Beauveriolides I (0.6 microM vs. 20 microM) and III (0.9 microM vs. >20 microM) inhibited ACAT1 rather selectively, while pyripyropenes A (>80 microM vs. 0.07 microM), B (48 microM vs. 2.0 microM), C (32 microM vs. 0.36 microM) and D (38 microM vs. 1.5 microM) showed selective inhibition against ACAT2. In particular, pyripyropene A was found to be the most selective ACAT2 inhibitor with a selective index of more than 1,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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31
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Ohshiro T, Namatame I, Lee EW, Kawagishi H, Tomoda H. Molecular Target of Decursins in the Inhibition of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:981-4. [PMID: 16651731 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During screening for inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages, two coumarins identified as decursin and decursinol angelate were isolated from the roots of Angelicae gigantis. The cellular molecular target of these inhibitors in macrophages was studied. Decursin and decursinol angelate inhibited cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis with IC50 values of 9.7 and 10.1 microM, respectively, whereas they enhanced triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis. Lysosomal metabolism of cholesterol to CE was inhibited by the compounds, indicating that the site of inhibition is one of the steps between the exiting of cholesterol from the lysosomes and CE synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in the microsomal fractions prepared from mouse macrophages was studied, and the results showed inhibition of this activity by decursin and decursinol angelate with IC50 values of 43 and 22 microM, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the compounds inhibit macrophage ACAT activity to decrease CE synthesis, leading to a reduction of lipid droplets in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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33
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Koyama N, Nagahiro T, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshiro T, Masuma R, Tomoda H, Omura S. Spylidone, a Novel Inhibitor of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Mouse Macrophages Produced by Phoma sp. FKI-1840. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:338-45. [PMID: 16060386 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During our screening for microbial inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages, a new compound designated spylidone was isolated along with two structurally related known compounds, PF1052 and vermisporin, from the fermentation broth of Phoma sp. FKI-1840 by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. From the structure elucidation, spylidone has a spiro ring containing 2,4-pyrrolidinedione. Among the three compounds, only spylidone was found to inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages at 10 to approximately 50 microM without any cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Koyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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34
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Ohshiro T, Namatame I, Ochiai K, Kawagishi H, Tomoda H. Inhibition of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Macrophages by Triterpenoids Produced from Torametes orientaris. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:1925-7. [PMID: 16204947 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four triterpenoids 1-4 isolated from the fruit body of Torametes orientaris were found to inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages. From the biochemical analysis, compounds 2 and 3 inhibited selectively cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages, while compounds 1 and 4 showed inhibition of both cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University; Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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35
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Neeper S. Lipid-control allies. SCIENCE OF AGING KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT : SAGE KE 2004; 2004:nf9. [PMID: 14736912 DOI: 10.1126/sageke.2004.3.nf9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The number of tools to fight heart disease could be mushrooming. Two fungal compounds slow down artery-clogging lipid buildup in mice, a new study finds, and they work through a different pathway than current treatments do. The drugs could reinforce existing therapy or take over when other medicines fail.
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36
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Namatame I, Tomoda H, Ishibashi S, Omura S. Antiatherogenic activity of fungal beauveriolides, inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:737-42. [PMID: 14718664 PMCID: PMC321750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307757100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveriolides I and III, isolated from the culture broth of fungal Beauveria sp. FO-6979, showed potent inhibitory activity of lipid droplet accumulation in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages. The cellular molecular target of this inhibitory activity was studied in macrophages. Beauveriolides I and III strongly inhibited the cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis with IC(50) values of 0.78 and 0.41 microM, respectively, without showing significant effects on the triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis. Furthermore, lysosomal cholesterol metabolism to CE in macrophages was inhibited by the compounds, indicating that the inhibition site lies within steps between cholesterol departure from the lysosome and CE synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in the membrane fractions prepared from mouse macrophages was studied, resulting in a dose-dependent inhibition by beauveriolides I and III with IC(50) values of 6.0 and 5.5 microM, respectively. Thus, we showed that the beauveriolides inhibit macrophage ACAT activity specifically, resulting in blockage of the CE synthesis, leading to a reduction of lipid droplets in macrophages. ACAT activity in the membrane fractions prepared from mouse liver and Caco-2 cells was also inhibited, indicating that the beauveriolides block both ACAT-1 and -2. Moreover, beauveriolides I and III exert antiatherogenic activity in both low-density lipoprotein receptor- and apolipoprotein E-knockout mice without any side effects such as diarrhea or cytotoxicity to adrenal tissues as observed for many synthetic ACAT inhibitors. Beauveriolides I and III are the first microbial cyclodepsipeptides having an in vivo antiatherosclerotic effect and show promise as potential lead compounds for antiatherosclerotic agents.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Cholesterol Esters/biosynthesis
- Depsipeptides
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Hypocreales/chemistry
- Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypolipidemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lipid Metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Peptides, Cyclic/isolation & purification
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiji Namatame
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, and Kitasato Institute, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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37
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Novel aromatics bearing 4- O -methylglucose unit isolated from the oriental crude drug Bombyx Batryticatus. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Kuzma M, Jegorov A, Kacer P, Havlícek V. Sequencing of new beauverolides by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1108-1115. [PMID: 11747104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) were used for the identification of beauverolides in the fermentation broth of Beauveria bassiana and for evaluation of the purified fraction obtained by sublimation of beauverolides. Besides being a new efficient route for purification of beauverolides, sublimation provided an enrichment of new minor lipophilic beauverolides of lower molecular weight from the original complex mycelial extract. The product ion collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra obtained on an ion trap (electrospray ionization), the in-source CID mass spectra on a sector instrument (atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization) and the post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of beauverolides were compared and evaluated. All MS(n) experiments started with singly charged precursor ions. The following two new representatives of this group of compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and MS (HPLC/MS): cyclo-(3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-valyl-alanyl-leucyl) and cyclo-(3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-tyrosyl-alanyl-leucyl). Individual structures were confirmed by preparative isolation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structure of a third novel and minor beauverolide was tentatively assigned by HPLC/MS only as cyclo-(3-hydroxy-4-methyldecanoyl-valyl-alanyl-Lxx), Lxx = leucyl, isoleucyl, or allo-isoleucyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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