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Dickson A, Geerling E, Stone ET, Hassert M, Steffen TL, Makkena T, Smither M, Schwetye KE, Zhang J, Georges B, Roberts MS, Suschak JJ, Pinto AK, Brien JD. The role of vaccination route with an adenovirus-vectored vaccine in protection, viral control, and transmission in the SARS-CoV-2/K18-hACE2 mouse infection model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188392. [PMID: 37662899 PMCID: PMC10469340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination is the most effective mechanism to prevent severe COVID-19. However, breakthrough infections and subsequent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remain a significant problem. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to be more effective in preventing disease and limiting transmission between individuals as it induces potent responses at mucosal sites. Methods Utilizing a replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RBD (AdCOVID) in homozygous and heterozygous transgenic K18-hACE2, we investigated the impact of the route of administration on vaccine immunogenicity, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and survival. Results Mice vaccinated with AdCOVID via the intramuscular or intranasal route and subsequently challenged with SARS-CoV-2 showed that animals vaccinated intranasally had improved cellular and mucosal antibody responses. Additionally, intranasally vaccinated animals had significantly better viremic control, and protection from lethal infection compared to intramuscularly vaccinated animals. Notably, in a novel transmission model, intranasal vaccination reduced viral transmission to naïve co-housed mice compared to intramuscular vaccination. Discussion Our data provide convincing evidence for the use of intranasal vaccination in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - E. Taylor Stone
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mariah Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tara L. Steffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Taneesh Makkena
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Madeleine Smither
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Katherine E. Schwetye
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
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2
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Wang Z, Yang L. The Therapeutic Potential of Natural Dietary Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:3443. [PMID: 37571380 PMCID: PMC10421531 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of non-toxic and cost-effective dietary components, such as epigallocatechin 3-gallate and myricetin, for health improvement and disease treatment has recently attracted substantial research attention. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity for the investigation and identification of dietary components capable of treating viral infections, as well as gathering the evidence needed to address the major challenges presented by public health emergencies. Dietary components hold great potential as a starting point for further drug development for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection owing to their good safety, broad-spectrum antiviral activities, and multi-organ protective capacity. Here, we review current knowledge of the characteristics-chemical composition, bioactive properties, and putative mechanisms of action-of natural bioactive dietary flavonoids with the potential for targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Notably, we present promising strategies (combination therapy, lead optimization, and drug delivery) to overcome the inherent deficiencies of natural dietary flavonoids, such as limited bioavailability and poor stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Knell AI, Böhm AK, Jäger M, Kerschbaum J, Engl S, Rudnicki M, Buchwinkler L, Bellmann-Weiler R, Posch W, Weiss G. Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1756. [PMID: 37512928 PMCID: PMC10383116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or immunosuppression are at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccination of CKD patients has resulted in lower antibody concentrations and possibly reduced protection. However, little information is available on how T-cell-mediated immune response is affected in those patients and how vaccine-induced immune responses can neutralise different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Herein, we studied virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses after two doses of mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine in 42 patients suffering from CKD, small vessel vasculitis (maintenance phase), or kidney transplant recipients (KT). Serum and PBMCs from baseline and at three months after vaccination were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific antibodies, neutralisation titers against SARS-CoV-2 WT, B1.617.2 (delta), and BA.1 (omicron) variants as well as virus-specific T-cells via IFNγ ELISpot assays. We observed a significant increase in quantitative and neutralising antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 and significantly increased T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen after vaccination only in the CKD patients. In patients with vasculitis, neither humoral nor cellular responses were detected. In KT recipients, antibodies and virus neutralisation against WT and delta, but not against omicron BA.1, was assured. Importantly, we found no specific SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in vasculitis and KT subjects, although unspecific T-cell activation was evident in most patients even before vaccination. While pre-dialysis CKD patients appear to mount an effective immune response for in vitro neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2, KT and vasculitis patients under immunosuppressive therapy were insufficiently protected from SARS-CoV-2 two months after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid I Knell
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna K Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Kerschbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Engl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Buchwinkler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Wilson GJ, Rodriguez B, Li SS, Allen M, Frank I, Rudnicki E, Trahey M, Kalams S, Hannaman D, Clarke DK, Xu R, Egan M, Eldridge J, Pensiero M, Latham T, Ferrari G, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, De Rosa SC, Jacobson JM, Miner MD, Elizaga M. Cellular and humoral responses to an HIV DNA prime by electroporation boosted with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing HIV subtype C Env in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:2696-2706. [PMID: 36935288 PMCID: PMC10102555 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV subtypes B and C together account for around 60% of HIV-1 cases worldwide. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a subtype B DNA vaccine prime followed by a subtype C viral vector boost. METHODS Fourteen healthy adults received DNA plasmid encoding HIV-1 subtype B nef/tat/vif and env (n = 11) or placebo (n = 3) intramuscularly (IM) via electroporation (EP) at 0, 1, and 3 months, followed by IM injection of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding subtype C Env or placebo at 6 and 9 months. Participants were assessed for safety, tolerability of EP, and Env-specific T-cell and antibody responses. RESULTS EP was generally well tolerated, although some device-related adverse events did occur, and vaccine reactogenicity was mild to moderate. The vaccine stimulated Env-specific CD4 + T-cell responses in greater than 80% of recipients, and CD8 + T-cell responses in 30%. Subtype C Env-specific IgG binding antibodies (bAb) were elicited in all vaccine recipients, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses to vaccine-matched subtype C targets in 80%. Negligible V1/V2 and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses were detected. CONCLUSIONS This prime/boost regimen was safe and tolerable, with some device-related events, and immunogenic. Although immunogenicity missed targets for an HIV vaccine, the DNA/rVSV platform may be useful for other applications. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT02654080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Wilson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Shuying Sue Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Allen
- DAIDS/NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ian Frank
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erika Rudnicki
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Meg Trahey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Spyros Kalams
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - David K Clarke
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - Rong Xu
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - Michael Egan
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - John Eldridge
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | | | - Theresa Latham
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Maurine D Miner
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marnie Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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5
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Yu X, Li N, Wang H. Observation on the R&D Effectiveness and Application of China's Novel Coronavirus Vaccine. Biotechnol Law Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1089/blr.2023.29294.hw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Dr. Xiang Yu is Professor of Public Affairs at Fujian Jiangxia University
| | - Na Li
- Dr. Na Li is Professor of Law at Ningbo University
| | - Hui Wang
- Dr. Hui Wang is Assistant Professor of Law at Ningbo University, China. The email address for the corresponding author Dr. Hui Wang is
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6
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Balmert SC, Ghozloujeh ZG, Carey CD, Williams LH, Zhang J, Shahi P, Amer M, Sumpter TL, Erdos G, Korkmaz E, Falo LD. A microarray patch SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces sustained antibody responses and polyfunctional cellular immunity. iScience 2022; 25:105045. [PMID: 36062075 PMCID: PMC9425707 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable global immunization campaigns against COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases require effective, broadly deployable vaccines. Here, we report a dissolvable microarray patch (MAP) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that targets the immunoresponsive skin microenvironment, enabling efficacious needle-free immunization. Multicomponent MAPs delivering both SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit antigen and the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) induce robust antibody and cellular immune responses systemically and in the respiratory mucosa. MAP vaccine-induced antibodies bind S1 and the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, efficiently neutralize the virus, and persist at high levels for more than a year. The MAP platform reduces systemic toxicity of the delivered adjuvant and maintains vaccine stability without refrigeration. When applied to human skin, MAP vaccines activate skin-derived migratory antigen-presenting cells, supporting the feasibility of human translation. Ultimately, this shelf-stable MAP vaccine improves immunogenicity and safety compared to traditional intramuscular vaccines and offers an attractive alternative for global immunization efforts against a range of infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Balmert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Li’an H. Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Preeti Shahi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maher Amer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tina L. Sumpter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Louis D. Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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7
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Espeseth AS, Yuan M, Citron M, Reiserova L, Morrow G, Wilson A, Horton M, Rukhman M, Kinek K, Hou F, Li SL, Li F, Choi Y, Heidecker G, Luo B, Wu G, Zhang L, Strable E, DeStefano J, Secore S, Mukhopadhyay TK, Richardson DD, Sayeed E, Welch LS, Bett AJ, Feinberg MB, Gupta SB, Cooper CL, Parks CL. Preclinical immunogenicity and efficacy of a candidate COVID-19 vaccine based on a vesicular stomatitis virus-SARS-CoV-2 chimera. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104203. [PMID: 35915046 PMCID: PMC9338221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate a vaccine technology with potential to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with a single vaccine dose, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccine using the live vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) chimeric virus approach previously used to develop a licensed Ebola virus vaccine. Methods We generated a replication-competent chimeric VSV-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate by replacing the VSV glycoprotein (G) gene with coding sequence for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein (S). Immunogenicity of the lead vaccine candidate (VSV∆G-SARS-CoV-2) was evaluated in cotton rats and golden Syrian hamsters, and protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection also was assessed in hamsters. Findings VSV∆G-SARS-CoV-2 delivered with a single intramuscular (IM) injection was immunogenic in cotton rats and hamsters and protected hamsters from weight loss following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. When mucosal vaccination was evaluated, cotton rats did not respond to the vaccine, whereas mucosal administration of VSV∆G-SARS-CoV-2 was found to be more immunogenic than IM injection in hamsters and induced immunity that significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 challenge virus loads in both lung and nasal tissues. Interpretation VSV∆G-SARS-CoV-2 delivered by IM injection or mucosal administration was immunogenic in golden Syrian hamsters, and both vaccination methods effectively protected the lung from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hamsters vaccinated by mucosal application of VSV∆G-SARS-CoV-2 also developed immunity that controlled SARS-CoV-2 replication in nasal tissue. Funding The study was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme, Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), New York, USA. Parts of this research was supported by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) of the US Department of Defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maoli Yuan
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | | | - Lucia Reiserova
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | - Gavin Morrow
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Wilson
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark Rukhman
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | | | - Fuxiang Hou
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | - Shui L Li
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | | | - Yesle Choi
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | | | - Bin Luo
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Guoxin Wu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Joanne DeStefano
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eddy Sayeed
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), New York, USA
| | - Lisa S Welch
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), New York, USA; Currently at Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mark B Feinberg
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), New York, USA
| | - Swati B Gupta
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), New York, USA
| | - Christopher L Cooper
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA
| | - Christopher L Parks
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Inc. (IAVI), Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, New York, USA.
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8
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Boadu A, Agoni C, Karpoormath R, Soliman M, Nlooto M. Repurposing antiviral phytochemicals from the leaf extracts of Spondias mombin (Linn) towards the identification of potential SARSCOV-2 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10896. [PMID: 35764663 PMCID: PMC9240089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pneumonia-like disease with a pattern of acute respiratory symptoms, currently remains a significant public health concern causing tremendous human suffering. Although several approved vaccines exist, vaccine hesitancy, limited vaccine availability, high rate of viral mutation, and the absence of approved drugs account for the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The investigation of possibly repurposing of phytochemical compounds as therapeutic alternatives has gained momentum due to their reported affordability and minimal toxicity. This study investigated anti-viral phytochemical compounds from ethanolic leaf extracts of Spondias mombin L as potential inhibitor candidates against SARS-CoV-2. We identified Geraniin and 2-O-Caffeoyl-(+)-allohydroxycitric acid as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 viral S-protein and the 3C-like main protease (3CLpro). Geraniin exhibited binding free energy (ΔGbind) of - 25.87 kcal/mol and - 21.74 kcal/mol towards SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 viral S-protein respectively, whereas 2-O-Caffeoyl-(+)-allohydroxycitric acid exhibited a ΔGbind of - 32 kcal/mol towards 3CLpro. Molecular Dynamics simulations indicated a possible interference to the functioning of SARS-CoV-2 targets by the two identified inhibitors. However, further in vitro and in vivo evaluation of these potential SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic inhibitor candidates is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akwasi Boadu
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (SMCRG), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (SMCRG), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Manimbulu Nlooto
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Care Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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9
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Tarry H, Vézina V, Bailey J, Lopes L. Political orientation, moral foundations, and COVID-19 social distancing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267136. [PMID: 35749535 PMCID: PMC9232135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have advocated numerous social distancing measures, and compliance with these has likely saved millions of lives globally. In an online sample drawn from the U.S. and Canada (N = 209), participants completed measures of political orientation, moral foundations, and COVID-19 social distancing attitudes and behaviours. A more left-wing political orientation, and greater endorsement of the individualizing moral foundations were significantly related to more positive social distancing attitudes, and greater self-reported compliance with relevant restrictions. A more right-wing political orientation, and greater endorsement of the binding and economic liberty foundations were associated with less positive attitudes and reduced compliance. In a series of mediation analyses, the relationships between political orientation and various social distancing measures were significantly mediated by variations in participants' moral foundations, particularly their endorsement of economic liberty and the individualizing foundations. Further data indicated that the perceived persuasiveness of messages based on each moral foundation advocating for continued social distancing was significantly related to both participants' moral values and their political orientation. Findings are discussed in terms of understanding politicized differences around social distancing as partly reflecting differential valuation of the moral foundations, and in creating effective public health messaging regarding compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammond Tarry
- Department of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valérie Vézina
- Department of Political Science, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacob Bailey
- Student Research Assistant, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leah Lopes
- Student Research Assistant, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Guetl K, Raggam RB, Gary T. Thrombotic Complications after COVID-19 Vaccination: Diagnosis and Treatment Options. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061246. [PMID: 35740269 PMCID: PMC9220036 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were developed a few months after the emergence of the pandemic. The first cases of vaccine-induced thrombotic complications after the use of adenoviral vector vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by AstraZeneca, and Ad26.COV2.S by Johnson & Johnson/Janssen, were announced shortly after the initiation of a global vaccination program. In these cases, the occurrence of thrombotic events at unusual sites—predominantly located in the venous vascular system—in association with concomitant thrombocytopenia were observed. Since this new entity termed vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) shows similar pathophysiologic mechanisms as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), including the presence of antibodies against heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4), standard routine treatment for thrombotic events—arterial or venous—are not appropriate and may also cause severe harm in affected patients. Thrombotic complications were also rarely documented after vaccination with mRNA vaccines, but a typical VITT phenomenon has, to date, not been established for these vaccines. The aim of this review is to give a concise and feasible overview of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 vaccine-induced thrombotic complications.
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Abstract
A woman in her 70s presented to the hospital being generally unwell 8 days following the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination. She was in stage III acute kidney injury (AKI) with hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Urinalysis showed haematoproteinuria. Renal immunology screen was negative. She subsequently underwent two renal biopsies. The second biopsy showed features consistent with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. She was commenced on oral steroids, which led to marked improvement of her renal function.There are reasons why AKI can occur post vaccination such as prerenal AKI from reduced oral intake postvaccination due to feeling unwell or developing vomiting or diarrhoea. Intravenous fluids were given to this patient but with no meaningful improvement in renal function. She developed a possible reaction to the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, which led to AKI as supported by the interstitial inflammation and presence of eosinophils on renal biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Sc Tan
- Renal Medicine, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Mohammad E Kabir
- Renal Medicine, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Sunil Bhandari
- Renal Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
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12
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Angeli F, Reboldi G, Trapasso M, Santilli G, Zappa M, Verdecchia P. Blood Pressure Increase following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Overview and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:150. [PMID: 35621861 PMCID: PMC9147472 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines proved a strong clinical efficacy against symptomatic or moderate/severe COVID-19 and are considered the most promising approach for curbing the pandemic. However, some questions regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccines have been recently raised. Among adverse events to vaccines and despite a lack of signal during phase III clinical trials, an increase in blood pressure (BP) after COVID-19 vaccination has been reported as a potential adverse reaction. We systematically analyze this topic and undertook a meta-analysis of available data to estimate the proportion of patients with abnormal BP or raise in BP after vaccination. Six studies entered the final analysis. Overall, studies accrued 357,387 subjects with 13,444 events of abnormal or increased BP. After exclusion of outlier studies, the pooled estimated proportion of abnormal/increased BP after vaccination was 3.20% (95% CI: 1.62-6.21). Proportions of cases of stage III hypertension or hypertensive urgencies and emergencies was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.1% to 5.1%). In conclusion, abnormal BP is not rare after COVID-19 vaccination, but the basic mechanisms of this phenomenon are still unclear and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Reboldi
- Department of Medicine, and Centro di Ricerca Clinica e Traslazionale (CERICLET), University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Monica Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Igiene e Prevenzione Sanitaria, PSAL, Sede Territoriale di Varese, ATS Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Santilli
- Department of Medicine, and Centro di Ricerca Clinica e Traslazionale (CERICLET), University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Martina Zappa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Paolo Verdecchia
- Fondazione Umbra Cuore e Ipertensione-ONLUS and Division of Cardiology, Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
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13
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Advances in purification of SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain protein using high-throughput screening and non-affinity methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4458. [PMID: 35292666 PMCID: PMC8923338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike (S) glycoprotein of the pandemic virus, SARS-CoV-2, is a critically important target of vaccine design and therapeutic development. A high-yield, scalable, cGMP-compliant downstream process for the stabilized, soluble, native-like S protein ectodomain is necessary to meet the extensive material requirements for ongoing research and development. As of June 2021, S proteins have exclusively been purified using difficult-to-scale, low-yield methodologies such as affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Herein we present the first known non-affinity purification method for two S constructs, S_dF_2P and HexaPro, expressed in the mammalian cell line, CHO-DG44. A high-throughput resin screen on the Tecan Freedom EVO200 automated bioprocess workstation led to identification of ion exchange resins as viable purification steps. The chromatographic unit operations along with industry-standard methodologies for viral clearances, low pH treatment and 20 nm filtration, were assessed for feasibility. The developed process was applied to purify HexaPro from a CHO-DG44 stable pool harvest and yielded the highest yet reported amount of pure S protein. Our results demonstrate that commercially available chromatography resins are suitable for cGMP manufacturing of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein constructs. We anticipate our results will provide a blueprint for worldwide biopharmaceutical production laboratories, as well as a starting point for process intensification.
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Smatti MK, Alkhatib HA, Al Thani AA, Yassine HM. Will Host Genetics Affect the Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines? Historical Precedents. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:802312. [PMID: 35360730 PMCID: PMC8962369 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.802312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in genomics and bioinformatics technologies have allowed for the emergence of immunogenomics field. This intersection of immunology and genetics has broadened our understanding of how the immune system responds to infection and vaccination. While the immunogenetic basis of the huge clinical variability in response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is currently being extensively studied, the host genetic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines remain largely unknown. Previous reports evidenced that vaccines may not protect all populations or individuals equally, due to multiple host- and vaccine-specific factors. Several studies on vaccine response to measles, rubella, hepatitis B, smallpox, and influenza highlighted the contribution of genetic mutations or polymorphisms in modulating the innate and adaptive immunity following vaccination. Specifically, genetic variants in genes encoding virus receptors, antigen presentation, cytokine production, or related to immune cells activation and differentiation could influence how an individual responds to vaccination. Although such knowledge could be utilized to generate personalized vaccine strategies to optimize the vaccine response, studies in this filed are still scarce. Here, we briefly summarize the scientific literature related to the immunogenetic determinants of vaccine-induced immunity, highlighting the possible role of host genetics in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Smatti
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hadi M. Yassine
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Kudlay D, Svistunov A. COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020072. [PMID: 35200425 PMCID: PMC8869214 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the key strategies to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to evaluate the current state of vaccine development and to determine the issues that merit additional research. We conducted a literature review of the development of COVID-19 vaccines, their effectiveness, and their use in special patient groups. To date, 140 vaccines are in clinical development. Vector, RNA, subunit, and inactivated vaccines, as well as DNA vaccines, have been approved for human use. Vector vaccines have been well studied prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, their long-term efficacy and approaches to scaling up their production remain questionable. The main challenge for RNA vaccines is to improve their stability during production, storage, and transportation. For inactivated vaccines, the key issue is to improve their immunogenicity and effectiveness. To date, it has been shown that the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines directly correlates with their clinical efficacy. In view of the constant mutation, the emerging new SARS-CoV-2 variants have been shown to be able to partially escape post-vaccination immune response; however, most vaccines remain sufficiently effective regardless of the variant of the virus. One of the promising strategies to improve the effectiveness of vaccination, which is being studied, is the use of different platforms within a single vaccination course. Despite significant progress in the development and study of COVID-19 vaccines, there are many issues that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Building 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(499)-248-05-53
| | - Andrey Svistunov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Building 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Yang WT, Huang WH, Liao TL, Hsiao TH, Chuang HN, Liu PY. SARS-CoV-2 E484K Mutation Narrative Review: Epidemiology, Immune Escape, Clinical Implications, and Future Considerations. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:373-385. [PMID: 35140483 PMCID: PMC8820839 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s344099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly over the world and claimed million lives. The virus evolves constantly, and a swarm of mutants is a now major concern globally. Distinct variants could have independently converged on same mutation, despite being detected in different geographic regions, which suggested it could confer an evolutionary advantage. E484K has rapidly emerged and has frequently been detected in several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In this study, we review the epidemiology and impact of E484K, its effects on neutralizing effect of several monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, and post-vaccine sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Yang
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Huang
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ni Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Po-Yu Liu, Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung, 4070, Taiwan, Tel +886 4-23592525, Fax +886 4-2359-5046, Email
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Grupper A, Katchman H. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Safety and Immunogenicity in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Strategies for Improving Vaccine Responses. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022; 9:35-47. [PMID: 35096509 PMCID: PMC8783189 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-022-00359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review While solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at the highest risk for severe complications and increased mortality from COVID19 disease, their vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 remains challenging due to fear of immune-mediated adverse events and suboptimal immune response. Our current review is aimed to summarize current knowledge about the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, describe factors that are correlated with immune response, and discuss strategies to improve vaccine immunogenicity in SOT recipients. Recent Findings SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe in SOT recipients and not related to rejection or other major adverse events. The immune response to two doses of vaccine is suboptimal and correlated to age and magnitude of immunosuppression. Administration of a third vaccine dose brings to significant amplification of immune response. Summary This review strengthens the existing recommendation of vaccination by three doses of vaccine in all SOT recipients and completion of vaccination before transplantation if possible.
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Sarkar M, Madabhavi IV, Quy PN, Govindagoudar MB. COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: A review. Ann Thorac Med 2022; 17:1-13. [PMID: 35198043 PMCID: PMC8809131 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_404_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus responsible for the pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). It has significant impact on human health and public safety along with negative social and economic consequences. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is likely the most effective approach to sustainably control the global COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is highly effective in reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Mass-scale vaccination will help us in attaining herd immunity and will lessen the negative impact of the disease on public health, social and economic conditions. The present pandemic stimulated the development of several effective vaccines based on different platforms. Although the vaccine is safe and efficacious, rare cases of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following the use of vaccination with the ChAdOx1 CoV-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca, University of Oxford, and Serum Institute of India) or the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) have been reported globally. This review focussed on the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of vaccine associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Sarkar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Irappa V. Madabhavi
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, Kerudi Cancer Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
- Department of Medical Oncology, J N Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pham Nguyen Quy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto Miniren Central Hospita, Ukyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manjunath B. Govindagoudar
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Pt B. D. Sharma, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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19
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Pantelić I, Ilić T, Nikolić I, Savić S. Lipid nanoparticles employed in mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: An overview of materials and processes used for development and production. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-33660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the light of the recommended application of the third dose, both public and professional community would benefit from a detailed report on the technological advances behind the developed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) based COVID-19 vaccines. Although many vaccine developers are yet to reveal their precise formulations, it is apparent they are founded on nanotechnology platforms similar to the one successfully used for registered drug OnpattroTM (INN: patisiran). Optimal encapsulation of mRNA requires the presence of four lipids: an ionizable cationic lipid, a polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-lipid, a neutral phospholipid and cholesterol. Together with other excipients (mainly buffers, osmolytes and cryoprotectives), they enable the formation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) using rapid-mixing microfluidic or T-junction systems. However, some limitations of thermostability testing protocols, coupled with the companies' more or less cautious approach to predicting vaccine stability, led to rigorous storage conditions: -15° to -25°C or even -60° to -80°C. Nevertheless, some inventors recently announced their mRNA-LNP based vaccine candidates to be stable at both 25° and 37°C for a week. Within the formulation design space, further optimization of the ionizable lipids should be expected, especially in the direction of increasing their branching and optimizing pKa values, ultimately leading to the second generation of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 vaccines.
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20
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Suzuki M, Sekiguchi Y, Sasaki M, Inaba S, Oyama S, Inoue Y, Warabi M, Ohashi K, Inoshita S. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis after COVID-19 Vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech. Intern Med 2022; 61:2925-2929. [PMID: 36184535 PMCID: PMC9593166 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9807-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of rare side effects of mRNA vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. Several cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) following COVID-19 vaccination have been reported. We herein report a 72-year-old man who presented with a fever after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. He was diagnosed with acute kidney injury due to myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated vasculitis and was treated with intermittent hemodialysis, high-dose prednisolone, and intravenous rituximab. His general symptoms and renal impairment subsequently improved. When systemic symptoms are prolonged or renal abnormalities appear after COVID-19 vaccination, the possibility of AAV should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuta Sekiguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
| | - Masato Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Inaba
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
| | - Sakino Oyama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
| | - Masahiro Warabi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Seiji Inoshita
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
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21
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Protective Effect of Melatonin Administration against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:31-45. [PMID: 35723382 PMCID: PMC8929125 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for an increasing number of cases and deaths. From a preventive and therapeutic point of view, there are two concerns that affect institutions and healthcare professionals: global immunization (which is still far from being achieved) and the availability of drugs capable of preventing its consequences in the infected patient. In this sense, the role that melatonin can play is has been assessed in the recent literature. Justification and Objectives: the serious health, social and economic consequences of COVID-19 have forced an urgent search for preventive methods, such as vaccines, among others, and therapeutic methods that could be alternatives to the drugs currently used. In this sense, it must be accepted that one of the most recommended has been the administration of melatonin. The present study proposes to carry out a systematic review of its possible role in the treatment and/or prevention of COVID-19. Material and methods: a systematic review of the literature related to the prevention of COVID-19 through the administration of melatonin was carried out, following the sequence proposed by the Prisma Declaration regarding the identification and selection of documents, using the specialized health databases Trip Medical Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline Plus, BVS, Cuiden and generic databases such as Dialnet, Web of Science and Google Scholar for their retrieval. Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria are described for the articles assessed. The main limitation of the study has been the scarcity of works and the lack of defining a specific protocol in terms of dosage and administration schedule. Results: once the selection process was completed, and after an in-depth critical analysis, 197 papers were selected, and 40 of them were finally used. The most relevant results were: (1) melatonin prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) although much remains to be clarified, at high doses, it seems to have a coadjuvant therapeutic effect in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and (3) melatonin is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: until group immunization is achieved in the population, it seems clear that we must continue to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and, in the absence of a specific and effective antiviral therapy, it is advisable to continue researching and providing drugs that demonstrate validity based on the scientific evidence. In this regard, we believe that the available studies recommend the administration of melatonin for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, sleep-inducing, CD147, Mpro, p65 and MMP9 protein suppressing, nephrotoxicity-reducing and highly effective and safe effects. Conclusions: (1) melatonin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and Mpro and MMP9 protein-inhibitory activity. (2) It has been shown to have a wide margin of safety. (3) The contributions reviewed make it an effective therapeutic alternative in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (4) Further clinical trials are recommended to clearly define the administration protocol.
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22
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Huang Y, Borisov O, Kee JJ, Carpp LN, Wrin T, Cai S, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, McDanal C, Eaton A, Pajon R, Hural J, Posavad CM, Gill K, Karuna S, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Petropoulos CJ, Montefiori DC. Calibration of two validated SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assays for COVID-19 vaccine evaluation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23921. [PMID: 34907214 PMCID: PMC8671391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are key biomarkers considered to be associated with vaccine efficacy. In United States government-sponsored phase 3 efficacy trials of COVID-19 vaccines, nAbs are measured by two different validated pseudovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays, with each trial using one of the two assays. Here we describe and compare the nAb titers obtained in the two assays. We observe that one assay consistently yielded higher nAb titers than the other when both assays were performed on the World Health Organization's anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin International Standard, COVID-19 convalescent sera, and mRNA-1273 vaccinee sera. To overcome the challenge this difference in readout poses in comparing/combining data from the two assays, we evaluate three calibration approaches and show that readouts from the two assays can be calibrated to a common scale. These results may aid decision-making based on data from these assays for the evaluation and licensure of new or adapted COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terri Wrin
- LabCorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suqin Cai
- LabCorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charlene McDanal
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine M Posavad
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine Gill
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Burkert FR, Lanser L, Bellmann-Weiler R, Weiss G. Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinics, Treatment, and Prevention. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761887. [PMID: 34858373 PMCID: PMC8631905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of 2019 in China and affected the entire world population, either by infection and its health consequences, or by restrictions in daily life as a consequence of hygiene measures and containment strategies. As of September 2021, more than 231,000.000 infections and 4,740.000 deaths due to COVID-19 have been reported. The infections present with varied clinical symptoms and severity, ranging from asymptomatic course to fatal outcome. Several risk factors for a severe course of the disease have been identified, the most important being age, gender, comorbidities, lifestyle, and genetics. While most patients recover within several weeks, some report persistent symptoms restricting their daily lives and activities, termed as post-COVID. Over the past 18months, we have acquired significant knowledge as reflected by an almost uncountable number of publications on the nature of the underlying virus and its evolution, host responses to infection, modes of transmission, and different clinical presentations of the disease. Along this line, new diagnostic tests and algorithms have been developed paralleled by the search for and clinical evaluation of specific treatments for the different stages of the disease. In addition, preventive non-pharmacological measures have been implemented to control the spread of infection in the community. While an effective antiviral therapy is not yet available, numerous vaccines including novel vaccine technologies have been developed, which show high protection from infection and specifically from a severe course or death from COVID-19. In this review, we tried to provide an up-to-date schematic of COVID-19, including aspects of epidemiology, virology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapy, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Robert Burkert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Acharya A, Pandey K, Thurman M, Klug E, Trivedi J, Sharma K, Lorson CL, Singh K, Byrareddy SN. Discovery and Evaluation of Entry Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 and Its Emerging Variants. J Virol 2021; 95:e0143721. [PMID: 34550770 PMCID: PMC8610590 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01437-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite unprecedented research and developmental efforts, SARS-CoV-2-specific antivirals are still unavailable for the treatment of COVID-19. In most instances, SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates with the binding of Spike glycoprotein to the host cell ACE2 receptor. Utilizing the crystal structure of the ACE2/Spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) complex (PDB file 6M0J) in a computer-aided drug design approach, we identified and validated five potential inhibitors of S-RBD and ACE-2 interaction. Two of the five compounds, MU-UNMC-1 and MU-UNMC-2, blocked the entry of pseudovirus particles expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. In live SARS-CoV-2 infection assays, both compounds showed antiviral activity with IC50 values in the micromolar range (MU-UNMC-1: IC50 = 0.67 μM and MU-UNMC-2: IC50 = 1.72 μM) in human bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, MU-UNMC-1 and MU-UNMC-2 effectively blocked the replication of rapidly transmitting variants of concern: South African variant B.1.351 (IC50 = 9.27 and 3.00 μM) and Scotland variant B.1.222 (IC50 = 2.64 and 1.39 μM), respectively. Following these assays, we conducted "induced-fit (flexible) docking" to understand the binding mode of MU-UNMC-1/MU-UNMC-2 at the S-RBD/ACE2 interface. Our data showed that mutation N501Y (present in B.1.351 variant) alters the binding mode of MU-UNMC-2 such that it is partially exposed to the solvent and has reduced polar contacts. Finally, MU-UNMC-2 displayed high synergy with remdesivir, the only approved drug for treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients. IMPORTANCE The ongoing coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than 207 million people have been infected globally, and 4.3 million have died due to this viral outbreak. While a few vaccines have been deployed, a SARS-CoV-2-specific antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19 is yet to be approved. As the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with ACE2 is critical for cellular entry, using a combination of a computer-aided drug design (CADD) approach and cell-based in vitro assays, we report the identification of five potential SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors. Out of the five, two compounds (MU-UNMC-1 and MU-UNMC-2) have antiviral activity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants from South Africa and Scotland. Furthermore, MU-UNMC-2 acts synergistically with remdesivir (RDV), suggesting that RDV and MU-UNMC-2 can be developed as a combination therapy to treat COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Elizabeth Klug
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jay Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Christian L. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kamal Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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25
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Kandimalla R, Chakraborty P, Vallamkondu J, Chaudhary A, Samanta S, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Dewanjee S. Counting on COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights into the Current Strategies, Progress and Future Challenges. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1740. [PMID: 34829969 PMCID: PMC8615473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a novel coronavirus viz., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its subsequent substantial spread produced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Given its unprecedented infectivity and pathogenicity, the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on human health, and its clinical management has been a great challenge, which has led to the development and speedy trials of several vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 at an exceptional pace. As a result, several COVID-19 vaccines were made commercially available in the first half of 2021. Although several COVID-19 vaccines showed promising results, crucial insights into their epidemiology, protective mechanisms, and the propensities of reinfection are not largely reviewed. In the present report, we provided insights into the prospects of vaccination against COVID-19 and assessed diverse vaccination strategies including DNA, mRNA, protein subunits, vector-based, live attenuated, and inactivated whole/viral particle-based vaccines. Next, we reviewed major aspects of various available vaccines approved by the World Health Organization and by the local administrations to use against COVID-19. Moreover, we comprehensively assessed the success of these approved vaccines and also their untoward effects, including the possibility of reinfection. We also provided an update on the vaccines that are under development and could be promising candidates in the future. Conclusively, we provided insights into the COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology, their potency, and propensity for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, while a careful review of their current status, strategies, success, and future challenges was also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India;
| | - Sonalinandini Samanta
- Department of Dermatology (Skin & Venereology), ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Patna 801103, Bihar, India;
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
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26
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Barandalla I, Alvarez C, Barreiro P, de Mendoza C, González-Crespo R, Soriano V. Impact of scaling up SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on COVID-19 hospitalizations in Spain. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:81-88. [PMID: 34536609 PMCID: PMC8442297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines has been associated with a significant decline in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations and deaths. However, little is known about the benefits experienced by different population groups and/or using distinct vaccines. METHODS The Spanish public registry was analyzed to examine associations between weekly vaccination scale-up and the incidence of COVID-19 hospitalizations by age, sex, and vaccine modality. The study period extended from January 2020 to June 2021. RESULTS A total of 363 960 COVID-19 hospitalizations were recorded in Spain during the study period, with three peaks in March 2020, November 2020, and January 2021. The incidence of COVID-19 hospitalizations per 100 000 population increased exponentially with age, on average 71.5% for each decade older. Overall, individuals older than 60 years of age accounted for 65% of all COVID-19 hospitalizations. The speedy vaccination rollout since the end of 2020, with prioritization of the elderly groups, resulted in a rapid fall in COVID-19 hospitalizations starting in February 2021. The benefit was already noticed 3-4 weeks after the first dose, regardless of the vaccine modality. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 hospitalizations increased exponentially with age in all three peaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Early mass vaccination of people over 60 years of age prevented a fourth wave of COVID-19 hospitalizations during the spring of 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Alvarez
- UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Barreiro
- Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen de Mendoza
- Puerta de Hierro Research Institute and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Soriano
- UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Johnston MI, Scarlatti G, Pitisutthithum P, Bekker L. HIV vaccines: progress and promise. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24 Suppl 7:e25828. [PMID: 34806319 PMCID: PMC8606855 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Division of ImmunologyTransplantation and Infectious DiseasesSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
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28
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Kim MS, Jung SY, Ahn JG, Park SJ, Shoenfeld Y, Kronbichler A, Koyanagi A, Dragioti E, Tizaoui K, Hong SH, Jacob L, Salem JE, Yon DK, Lee SW, Ogino S, Kim H, Kim JH, Excler JL, Marks F, Clemens JD, Eisenhut M, Barnett Y, Butler L, Ilie CP, Shin EC, Il Shin J, Smith L. Comparative safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines to influenza vaccines: A pharmacovigilance analysis using WHO international database. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1085-1095. [PMID: 34709664 PMCID: PMC8662238 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines developed by Pfizer‐BioNTech and Moderna are being rolled out. Despite the high volume of emerging evidence regarding adverse events (AEs) associated with the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines, previous studies have thus far been largely based on the comparison between vaccinated and unvaccinated control, possibly highlighting the AE risks with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination. Comparing the safety profile of mRNA vaccinated individuals with otherwise vaccinated individuals would enable a more relevant assessment for the safety of mRNA vaccination. We designed a comparative safety study between 18 755 and 27 895 individuals who reported to VigiBase for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with mRNA COVID‐19 and influenza vaccines, respectively, from January 1, 2020, to January 17, 2021. We employed disproportionality analysis to rapidly detect relevant safety signals and compared comparative risks of a diverse span of AEFIs for the vaccines. The safety profile of novel mRNA vaccines was divergent from that of influenza vaccines. The overall pattern suggested that systematic reactions like chill, myalgia, fatigue were more noticeable with the mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine, while injection site reactogenicity events were more prevalent with the influenza vaccine. Compared to the influenza vaccine, mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines demonstrated a significantly higher risk for a few manageable cardiovascular complications, such as hypertensive crisis (adjusted reporting odds ratio [ROR], 12.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.47–65.54), and supraventricular tachycardia (adjusted ROR, 7.94; 95% CI, 2.62–24.00), but lower risk of neurological complications such as syncope, neuralgia, loss of consciousness, Guillain‐Barre syndrome, gait disturbance, visual impairment, and dyskinesia. This study has not identified significant safety concerns regarding mRNA vaccination in real‐world settings. The overall safety profile patterned a lower risk of serious AEFI following mRNA vaccines compared to influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yong Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Gyun Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganismes and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CIC-1901 Paris-Est, CLIP² Galilée, UNICO-GRECO Cardio-oncology Program, and Department of Pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.,University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - John D Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Giovane R, Campbell J. Bilateral Thalamic Stroke: A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) or a Coincidence Due to Underlying Risk Factors? Cureus 2021; 13:e18977. [PMID: 34820232 PMCID: PMC8606181 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect that has only been observed in adenovirus-based vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). VITT is an immune-mediated condition that generally presents within five to 10 days post-vaccination with thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation abnormalities. A diagnosis of VITT is made clinically and through laboratory testing. Although VITT is an important differential to consider, it is believed that more emphasis should be placed on vaccination due to the safety and efficacy in overcoming COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Giovane
- Family Medicine, University of Alabama (UAB), Greenville, USA
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30
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Choi DO, Lee KM. Development of COVID-19 Neutralizing Antibody (NAb) Detection Kits Using the S1 RBD Protein of SARS-CoV-2. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2021.53.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung, Korea
| | - Kang Moon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung, Korea
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31
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Philadelphia-Negative Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Future Scenarios. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194750. [PMID: 34638236 PMCID: PMC8507529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) started in December 2019 in China and then become pandemic in February 2020. Several publications investigated the possible increased rate of COVID-19 infection in hematological malignancies. Based on the published data, strategies for the management of chronic Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are provided. The risk of severe COVID-19 seems high in MPN, particularly in patients with essential thrombocythemia, but not negligible in myelofibrosis. MPN patients are at high risk of both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications and this must be accounted in the case of COVID-19 deciding on a case-by-case basis. There are currently no data to suggest that hydroxyurea or interferon may influence the risk or severity of COVID-19 infection. Conversely, while the immunosuppressive activity of ruxolitinib might pose increased risk of infection, its abrupt discontinuation during COVID-19 syndrome is associated with worse outcome. All MPN patients should receive vaccine against COVID-19; reassuring data are available on efficacy of mRNA vaccines in MPNs.
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32
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Rosati M, Agarwal M, Hu X, Devasundaram S, Stellas D, Chowdhury B, Bear J, Burns R, Donohue D, Pessaint L, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA, Wlodawer A, Mullins JI, Venzon DJ, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection after Spike DNA or Spike DNA+Protein co-immunization in rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009701. [PMID: 34551020 PMCID: PMC8489704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The speed of development, versatility and efficacy of mRNA-based vaccines have been amply demonstrated in the case of SARS-CoV-2. DNA vaccines represent an important alternative since they induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in animal models and in human trials. We tested the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA-based vaccine regimens expressing different prefusion-stabilized Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigens upon intramuscular injection followed by electroporation in rhesus macaques. Different Spike DNA vaccine regimens induced antibodies that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and elicited robust T cell responses. The antibodies recognized and potently neutralized a panel of different Spike variants including Alpha, Delta, Epsilon, Eta and A.23.1, but to a lesser extent Beta and Gamma. The DNA-only vaccine regimens were compared to a regimen that included co-immunization of Spike DNA and protein in the same anatomical site, the latter of which showed significant higher antibody responses. All vaccine regimens led to control of SARS-CoV-2 intranasal/intratracheal challenge and absence of virus dissemination to the lower respiratory tract. Vaccine-induced binding and neutralizing antibody titers and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis inversely correlated with transient virus levels in the nasal mucosa. Importantly, the Spike DNA+Protein co-immunization regimen induced the highest binding and neutralizing antibodies and showed the strongest control against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. Anti-Spike neutralizing antibodies provide strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal models, and correlate with protection in humans, supporting the notion that induction of strong humoral immunity is key to protection. We show induction of robust antibody and T cell responses by different Spike DNA-based vaccine regimens able to effectively mediate protection and to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in the rhesus macaque model. This study provides the opportunity to compare vaccines able to induce different humoral and cellular immune responses in an effort to develop durable immunity against the SARS-CoV-2. A vaccine regimen comprising simultaneous co-immunization of DNA and Protein at the same anatomical site showed best neutralizing abilities and was more effective than DNA alone in inducing protective immune responses and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, an expansion of the DNA vaccine regimen to include co-immunization with Spike protein may be of advantage also for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mahesh Agarwal
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xintao Hu
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Santhi Devasundaram
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bhabadeb Chowdhury
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Burns
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Duncan Donohue
- MS Applied Information and Management Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Hanne Andersen
- BIOQUAL, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Lewis
- BIOQUAL, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James I. Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George N. Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Huang Y, Borisov O, Kee JJ, Carpp LN, Wrin T, Cai S, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, McDanal C, Eaton A, Pajon R, Hural J, Posavad CM, Gill K, Karuna S, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Petropoulos CJ, Montefiori DC. Calibration of Two Validated SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Neutralization Assays for COVID-19 Vaccine Evaluation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.09.09.21263049. [PMID: 34545372 PMCID: PMC8452111 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.09.21263049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are key biomarkers considered to be associated with vaccine efficacy. In United States Government-sponsored phase 3 efficacy trials of COVID-19 vaccines, nAbs are measured by two different validated pseudovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays, with each trial using one of the two assays. Here we describe and compare the nAb titers obtained in the two assays. We observe that one assay consistently yielded higher nAb titers than the other when both assays were performed on the World Health Organization’s anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin International Standard, COVID-19 convalescent sera, and mRNA-1273 vaccinee sera. To overcome the challenge this difference in readout poses in comparing/combining data from the two assays, we evaluate three calibration approaches and show that readouts from the two assays can be calibrated to a common scale. These results may aid decision-making based on data from these assays for the evaluation and licensure of new or adapted COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay N. Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terri Wrin
- LabCorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suqin Cai
- LabCorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charlene McDanal
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine M. Posavad
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine Gill
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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34
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Huang Y, Borisov O, Kee JJ, Carpp LN, Wrin T, Cai S, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, McDanal C, Eaton A, Pajon R, Hural J, Posavad CM, Gill K, Karuna S, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Petropoulos CJ, Montefiori DC. Calibration of Two Validated SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Neutralization Assays for COVID-19 Vaccine Evaluation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-862572. [PMID: 34494017 PMCID: PMC8423224 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-862572/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are key biomarkers considered to be associated with vaccine efficacy. In United States Government-sponsored phase 3 efficacy trials of COVID-19 vaccines, nAbs are measured by two different validated pseudovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays, with each trial using one of the two assays. Here we describe and compare the nAb titers obtained in the two assays. We observe that one assay consistently yielded higher nAb titers than the other when both assays were performed on the World Health Organization’s anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin International Standard, COVID-19 convalescent sera, and mRNA-1273 vaccinee sera. To overcome the challenge this difference in readout poses in comparing/combining data from the two assays, we evaluate three calibration approaches and show that readouts from the two assays can be calibrated to a common scale. These results may aid decision-making based on data from these assays for the evaluation and licensure of new or adapted COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay N. Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terri Wrin
- LabCorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suqin Cai
- LabCorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charlene McDanal
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine M. Posavad
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine Gill
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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35
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Cibelli NL, Arias GF, Figur ML, Khayat SS, Leach KM, Loukinov I, Gulla KC, Gowetski DB. Advances in Purification of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ectodomain Protein Using High-Throughput Screening and Non-Affinity Methods. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-778537. [PMID: 34426807 PMCID: PMC8382130 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-778537/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spike (S) glycoprotein of the pandemic virus, SARS-CoV-2, is a critically important target of vaccine design and therapeutic development. A high-yield, scalable, cGMP-compliant downstream process for the stabilized, soluble, native-like S protein ectodomain is necessary to meet the extensive material requirements for ongoing research and development. As of June 2021, S proteins have exclusively been purified using difficult-to-scale, low-yield methodologies such as affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Herein we present the first known non-affinity purification method for two S constructs, S_dF_2P and HexaPro, expressed in the mammalian cell line, CHO-DG44. A high-throughput resin screen on the Tecan Freedom EVO200 automated bioprocess workstation led to identification of ion exchange resins as viable purification steps. The chromatographic unit operations along with industry-standard methodologies for viral clearances, low pH treatment and 20 nm filtration, were assessed for feasibility. The developed process was applied to purify HexaPro from a CHO-DG44 stable pool harvest and yielded the highest yet reported amount of pure S protein. Our results demonstrate that commercially available chromatography resins are suitable for cGMP manufacturing of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein constructs. We anticipate our results will provide a blueprint for worldwide biopharmaceutical production laboratories, as well as a starting point for process intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Cibelli
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gabriel F. Arias
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - McKenzie L. Figur
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Shireen S. Khayat
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kristin M. Leach
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Loukinov
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Krishana C. Gulla
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel B. Gowetski
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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36
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Zappa M, Verdecchia P, Spanevello A, Visca D, Angeli F. Blood pressure increase after Pfizer/BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 90:111-113. [PMID: 34158234 PMCID: PMC8206586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zappa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Verdecchia
- Fondazione Umbra Cuore e Ipertensione-ONLUS and Division of Cardiology, Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS Tradate, Italy
| | - Dina Visca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS Tradate, Italy
| | - Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS Tradate, Italy.
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37
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Gil RM, Freeman T, Mathew T, Kullar R, Ovalle A, Nguyen D, Kottkamp A, Poon J, Marcelin J, Swartz TH. The LGBTQ+ communities and the COVID-19 pandemic: a call to break the cycle of structural barriers. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1810-1820. [PMID: 34323998 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted LGBTQ+ communities. Many disparities mirror those of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These health inequities have repeated throughout history due to the structural oppression of LGBTQ+ people. We aim to demonstrate that the familiar patterns of LGBTQ+ health disparities reflect a perpetuating, deeply rooted cycle of injustice imposed on LGBTQ+ people. Here, we contextualize COVID-19 inequities through the history of the HIV/AIDS crisis, describe manifestations of LGBTQ+ structural oppression exacerbated by the pandemic, and provide recommendations for medical professionals and institutions seeking to reduce health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Macias Gil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Napa/Solano, CA; USA
| | - Tracey Freeman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh-Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA; USA
| | - Trini Mathew
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI; USA
| | | | - Anais Ovalle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth, NH, USA
| | - Don Nguyen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh-Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA; USA
| | - Angélica Kottkamp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; USA
| | - Jin Poon
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Vallejo, CA; USA
| | - Jasmine Marcelin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; USA
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38
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Pino M, Abid T, Pereira Ribeiro S, Edara VV, Floyd K, Smith JC, Latif MB, Pacheco-Sanchez G, Dutta D, Wang S, Gumber S, Kirejczyk S, Cohen J, Stammen RL, Jean SM, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Pollet J, Chen WH, Wei J, Zhan B, Lee J, Liu Z, Strych U, Shenvi N, Easley K, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Pollara J, Mielke D, Gao H, Eisel N, LaBranche CC, Shen X, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Sekaly RP, Vanderford TH, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Suthar MS, Kozlowski PA, Hotez PJ, Paiardini M, Bottazzi ME, Kasturi SP. A yeast expressed RBD-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with 3M-052-alum adjuvant promotes protective efficacy in non-human primates. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/61/eabh3634. [PMID: 34266981 PMCID: PMC9119307 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus–2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine development is focused on identifying stable, cost-effective, and accessible candidates for global use, specifically in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we report the efficacy of a rapidly scalable, novel yeast-expressed SARS-CoV-2–specific receptor binding domain (RBD)–based vaccine in rhesus macaques. We formulated the RBD immunogen in alum, a licensed and an emerging alum-adsorbed TLR-7/8-targeted, 3M-052-alum adjuvant. The RBD + 3M-052-alum-adjuvanted vaccine promoted better RBD binding and effector antibodies, higher CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, improved TH1-biased CD4+ T cell reactions, and increased CD8+ T cell responses when compared with the alum-alone adjuvanted vaccine. RBD + 3M-052-alum induced a significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the respiratory tract upon challenge, accompanied by reduced lung inflammation when compared with unvaccinated controls. Anti-RBD antibody responses in vaccinated animals inversely correlated with viral load in nasal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). RBD + 3M-052-alum blocked a post-SARS-CoV-2 challenge increase in CD14+CD16++ intermediate blood monocytes, and fractalkine, MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein–1), and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand) in the plasma. Decreased plasma analytes and intermediate monocyte frequencies correlated with reduced nasal and BAL viral loads. Last, RBD-specific plasma cells accumulated in the draining lymph nodes and not in the bone marrow, contrary to previous findings. Together, these data show that a yeast-expressed, RBD-based vaccine + 3M-052-alum provides robust immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2, making it a strong and scalable vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Talha Abid
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Emory Vaccine Center at Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Centers for Childhood Infections and Vaccines; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Emory Vaccine Center at Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Centers for Childhood Infections and Vaccines; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Justin C Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Muhammad Bilal Latif
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Gabriela Pacheco-Sanchez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Shelly Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shannon Kirejczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rachelle L Stammen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sherrie M Jean
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer S Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jeroen Pollet
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Wen-Hsiang Chen
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Junfei Wei
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Bin Zhan
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jungsoon Lee
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Neeta Shenvi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Kirk Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dieter Mielke
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nathan Eisel
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Mark A Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Mehul S Suthar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Emory Vaccine Center at Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.,Centers for Childhood Infections and Vaccines; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, U.S.A. .,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
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39
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Eckman MH, Powers-Fletcher MV, Forrester JW, Fichtenbaum CJ, Lofgren R, Smulian AG. Take Your Best Shot: Which SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Should I Get? MDM Policy Pract 2021; 6:23814683211031226. [PMID: 34621992 PMCID: PMC8492082 DOI: 10.1177/23814683211031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Three vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) have now received emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration. Patients may have the opportunity to make a choice about which vaccine they prefer to receive. Vaccine hesitancy is a hurdle to the development of widespread immunity, with many patients struggling to decide whether to get vaccinated at all. Objective. Develop a decision model exploring the question, "Should I get vaccinated with mRNA or adenovirus vector vaccine (AVV) if either is available now?"Design. Markov state transition model with lifetime time horizon. Data Sources. MEDLINE searches, bibliographies from relevant English-language articles. Setting. United States, ambulatory clinical setting. Participants. Previously uninfected, nonimmunized adults in the United States. Interventions. 1) Do Not Vaccinate, 2) Vaccination with mRNA Vaccine, 3) Vaccination with Adenovirus Vector Vaccine. Main Measures. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Key Results. Base case-for a healthy 65-year-old patient, both vaccines yield virtually equivalent results (difference of 0.0028 QALYs). In sensitivity analyses, receiving the AVV is preferred if the short-term morbidity associated with each vaccine dose exceeds 1.8 days. Both vaccines afford an even greater benefit compared with Do Not Vaccinate if the pandemic is in a surge phase with a rising incidence of infection or if the current 7-day incidence is greater than the base case estimate of 105 cases per 100,000. Conclusions. Preferred vaccination strategies change under differing assumptions, but differences in outcomes are negligible. The best advice for patients is to get vaccinated against COVID-19 disease with whatever vaccine is available first. Providing mRNA vaccine to the remaining eligible US population would result in an aggregate gain of 3.92 million QALYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Eckman
- Division of General Internal Medicine and the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Jennifer W Forrester
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Carl J Fichtenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Richard Lofgren
- Division of General Internal Medicine and the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alan George Smulian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Rosman T, Adler K, Barbian L, Blume V, Burczeck B, Cordes V, Derman D, Dertli S, Glas H, Heinen V, Kenst S, Khosroschahli M, Kittel L, Kraus C, Linden A, Mironova A, Olinger L, Rastelica F, Sauter T, Schnurr V, Schwab E, Vieyra Y, Zidak A, Zidarova I. Protect ya Grandma! The Effects of Students' Epistemic Beliefs and Prosocial Values on COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:683987. [PMID: 34248786 PMCID: PMC8268677 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates epistemic beliefs (beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing) and prosocial values as predictors of COVID-19 vaccination intentions. As a first hypothesis, we posit that beliefs in justification by authority will positively relate to vaccination intentions. Second, we expect a positive relationship between prosocial values and vaccination intentions. Third, we hypothesize that beliefs in justification by authority moderate the relationship between prosocial values and vaccination intentions, so that the positive correlation between prosocial values and vaccination intentions becomes stronger with increasing beliefs in justification by authority. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of N = 314 German university students, a group with rather high mobility, who, when vaccinated, will increase the chance of attaining herd immunity. Hypotheses were tested using correlational and multiple regression analyses. Results revealed a highly significant positive relationship between justification by authority and vaccination intentions, whereas both hypotheses that included prosocial values did not yield significant results. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that the relationship between justification by authority and vaccination intentions was mediated by beliefs in the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines. Furthermore, significant negative relationships were found between personal justification and vaccination intentions as well as between justification by multiple sources and vaccination intentions. These results highlight the crucial role of science and public health communication in fostering vaccination intentions regarding COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rosman
- Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID), Research Literacy Unit, Trier, Germany
| | - Kathrin Adler
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Luisa Barbian
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Vanessa Blume
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Benno Burczeck
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Vivien Cordes
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Dilara Derman
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Susanne Dertli
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Hannah Glas
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kenst
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Laura Kittel
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Corinna Kraus
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Alica Linden
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Lena Olinger
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | | | | | - Vera Schnurr
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Yves Vieyra
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Andreas Zidak
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
| | - Ivana Zidarova
- University of Trier, Psychology Department, Trier, Germany
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41
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Angeli F, Spanevello A, Reboldi G, Visca D, Verdecchia P. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Lights and shadows. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 88:1-8. [PMID: 33966930 PMCID: PMC8084611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines to prevent acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicit an immune neutralizing response. Some concerns have been raised regarding the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, largely based on case-reports of serious thromboembolic events after vaccination. Some mechanisms have been suggested which might explain the adverse cardiovascular reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Different vaccine platforms are currently available which include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, vector vaccines, DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines. Vaccines increase the endogenous synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from a variety of cells. Once synthetized, the Spike proteins assembled in the cytoplasma migrate to the cell surface and protrude with a native-like conformation. These proteins are recognized by the immune system which rapidly develops an immune response. Such response appears to be quite vigorous in the presence of DNA vaccines which encode viral vectors, as well as in subjects who are immunized because of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The resulting pathological features may resemble those of active coronavirus disease. The free-floating Spike proteins synthetized by cells targeted by vaccine and destroyed by the immune response circulate in the blood and systematically interact with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed by a variety of cells including platelets, thereby promoting ACE2 internalization and degradation. These reactions may ultimately lead to platelet aggregation, thrombosis and inflammation mediated by several mechanisms including platelet ACE2 receptors. Whereas Phase III vaccine trials generally excluded participants with previous immunization, vaccination of huge populations in the real life will inevitably include individuals with preexisting immunity. This might lead to excessively enhanced inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in occasional subjects. Further research is urgently needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese and Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS Tradate, Varese, Italy.
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese and Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Reboldi
- Department of Medicine, and Centro di Ricerca Clinica e Traslazionale (CERICLET), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dina Visca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese and Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Verdecchia
- Fondazione Umbra Cuore e Ipertensione-ONLUS and Division of Cardiology, Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
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42
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Agley J, Xiao Y, Thompson EE, Golzarri-Arroyo L. Factors associated with reported likelihood to get vaccinated for COVID-19 in a nationally representative US survey. Public Health 2021; 196:91-94. [PMID: 34171616 PMCID: PMC8157318 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Although general principles related to vaccination hesitancy have been well researched, reports on reluctance to be vaccinated for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States are somewhat surprising, given the disease's substantive disruption of everyday life. However, the landscape in which people are making COVID-19 vaccination decisions has recently evolved with releases of encouraging vaccine-related data and changes to official messaging about the virus. Therefore, this study sought to identify factors associated with reported likelihood to get vaccinated for COVID-19 among US adults in late January 2021. Study design We used the Prolific online research panel to survey a nationally representative sample of 1017 US adults. Methods Respondents were asked about their behavioral intentions toward COVID-19 vaccination, trust in science, perceptions related to COVID-19, and selected sociodemographic factors. We computed associations between those 11 independent variables and likelihood to get vaccinated for COVID-19 using multiple linear regression. Results Around 73.9% of respondents indicated at least some likelihood to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Trust in science and perceived seriousness of COVID-19 were positively associated with intention to get vaccinated, and identifying as Black or African American was negatively associated with intention to get vaccinated. Other factors were moderately, weakly, or not at all associated with intention. Conclusions Building trust in science and truthfully emphasizing the seriousness of catching COVID-19 should be further researched for their potential to support campaigns to encourage COVID-19 vaccination. Data continue to suggest the importance of dialogue with Black communities about COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Agley
- Prevention Insights, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Y Xiao
- School of Social Work, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA; School of Social Work, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E E Thompson
- Media School, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - L Golzarri-Arroyo
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
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43
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Temporal proteomic changes induced by nicotine in human cells: A quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104244. [PMID: 33895337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a prominent active compound in tobacco and many smoking cessation products. Some of the biological effects of nicotine are well documented in in vitro and in vivo systems; however, data are scarce concerning the time-dependent changes on protein and phosphorylation events in response to nicotine. Here, we profiled the proteomes of SH-SY5Y and A549 cell lines subjected to acute (15 min, 1 h and 4 h) or chronic (24 h, 48 h) nicotine exposures. We used sample multiplexing (TMTpro16) and quantified more than 9000 proteins and over 7000 phosphorylation events per cell line. Among our findings, we determined a decrease in mitochondrial protein abundance for SH-SY5Y, while we detected alterations in several immune pathways, such as the complement system, for A549 following nicotine treatment. We also explored the proposed association between smoking (specifically nicotine) and SARS-CoV2. Here, we found several host proteins known to interact with viral proteins that were affected by nicotine in a time dependent manner. This dataset can be mined further to investigate the potential role of nicotine in different biological contexts. SIGNIFICANCE: Smoking is a major public health issue that is associated with several serious chronic, yet preventable diseases, including stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and susceptibility to infection. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of thousands of different compounds, among which nicotine is the main addictive compound. The biological effects of nicotine have been reported in several models, however very little data are available concerning the temporal proteomic and phosphoproteomic changes in response to nicotine. Here, we provide a dataset exploring the potential role of nicotine on different biological processes over time, including implications in the study of SARS-CoV2.
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44
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Acharya A, Pandey K, Thurman M, Klug E, Trivedi J, Lorson CL, Singh K, Byrareddy SN. Discovery and in-vitro evaluation of potent SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33821265 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.02.438204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates with the attachment of spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. While vaccines have been developed, no SARS-CoV-2 specific small molecule inhibitors have been approved. Herein, utilizing the crystal structure of the ACE2/Spike receptor binding domain (S-RBD) complex in computer-aided drug design (CADD) approach, we docked ∼8 million compounds within the pockets residing at S-RBD/ACE2 interface. Five best hits depending on the docking score, were selected and tested for their in vitro efficacy to block SARS-CoV-2 replication. Of these, two compounds (MU-UNMC-1 and MU-UNMC-2) blocked SARS-CoV-2 replication at sub-micromolar IC 50 in human bronchial epithelial cells (UNCN1T) and Vero cells. Furthermore, MU-UNMC-2 was highly potent in blocking the virus entry by using pseudoviral particles expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike. Finally, we found that MU-UNMC-2 is highly synergistic with remdesivir (RDV), suggesting that minimal amounts are needed when used in combination with RDV, and has the potential to develop as a potential entry inhibitor for COVID-19.
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45
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Cornberg M, Buti M, Eberhardt CS, Grossi PA, Shouval D. EASL position paper on the use of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver diseases, hepatobiliary cancer and liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol 2021; 74:944-951. [PMID: 33563499 PMCID: PMC7867401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
According to a recent World Health Organization estimate, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which originated in China in 2019, has spread globally, infecting nearly 100 million people worldwide by January 2021. Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD), particularly cirrhosis, hepatobiliary malignancies, candidates for liver transplantation, and immunosuppressed individuals after liver transplantation appear to be at increased risk of infections in general, which in turn translates into increased mortality. This is also the case for SARS-CoV-2 infection, where patients with cirrhosis, in particular, are at high risk of a severe COVID-19 course. Therefore, vaccination against various pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, administered as early as possible in patients with CLD, is an important protective measure. However, due to impaired immune responses in these patients, the immediate and long-term protective response through immunisation may be incomplete. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the exceptionally fast development of several vaccine candidates. A small number of these SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have already undergone phase III, placebo-controlled, clinical trials in healthy individuals with proof of short-term safety, immunogenicity and efficacy. However, although regulatory agencies in the US and Europe have already approved some of these vaccines for clinical use, information on immunogenicity, duration of protection and long-term safety in patients with CLD, cirrhosis, hepatobiliary cancer and liver transplant recipients has yet to be generated. This review summarises the data on vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in this patient population in general and discusses the implications of this knowledge on the introduction of the new SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit. Hospital Universitario Valle Hebron and Ciber-ehd del Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paolo Antonio Grossi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Insubria and ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy,Italian National Center for Transplantation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Shouval
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Levine-Tiefenbrun M, Yelin I, Katz R, Herzel E, Golan Z, Schreiber L, Wolf T, Nadler V, Ben-Tov A, Kuint J, Gazit S, Patalon T, Chodick G, Kishony R. Initial report of decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral load after inoculation with the BNT162b2 vaccine. Nat Med 2021; 27:790-792. [PMID: 33782619 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their substantial protection of individual vaccinees, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines might reduce viral load in breakthrough infection and thereby further suppress onward transmission. In this analysis of a real-world dataset of positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results after inoculation with the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine, we found that the viral load was substantially reduced for infections occurring 12-37 d after the first dose of vaccine. These reduced viral loads hint at a potentially lower infectiousness, further contributing to vaccine effect on virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idan Yelin
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Rachel Katz
- Maccabitech, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esma Herzel
- Maccabitech, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ziv Golan
- Maccabi Mega-Lab, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Tamar Wolf
- Maccabi Mega-Lab, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Nadler
- Maccabi Mega-Lab, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Ben-Tov
- Maccabitech, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Kuint
- Maccabitech, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Gazit
- Maccabitech, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Patalon
- Maccabitech, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Maccabitech, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Kishony
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. .,Faculty of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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47
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Cyclodextrins in Antiviral Therapeutics and Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030409. [PMID: 33808834 PMCID: PMC8003769 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the various roles of cyclodextrins (CDs) in vaccines against viruses and in antiviral therapeutics. The first section describes the most commonly studied application of cyclodextrins—solubilisation and stabilisation of antiviral drugs; some examples also refer to their beneficial taste-masking activity. The second part of the review describes the role of cyclodextrins in antiviral vaccine development and stabilisation, where they are employed as adjuvants and cryopreserving agents. In addition, cyclodextrin-based polymers as delivery systems for mRNA are currently under development. Lastly, the use of cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical active ingredients for the treatment of viral infections is explored. This new field of application is still taking its first steps. Nevertheless, promising results from the use of cyclodextrins as agents to treat other pathologies are encouraging. We present potential applications of the results reported in the literature and highlight the products that are already available on the market.
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48
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Laine C, Cotton D, Moyer DV. COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution and Allocation: What Physicians Need to Know. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:413-414. [PMID: 33492990 PMCID: PMC7901673 DOI: 10.7326/m21-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the ACP/Annals COVID-19 Vaccine Forum III held on 22 January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darilyn V Moyer
- Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer, American College of Physicians
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49
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Dooley M. COVID-19: Filling the Many Knowledge Gaps and Supporting Evidence-Based Vaccination. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021; 51:4-6. [PMID: 33821145 PMCID: PMC8014216 DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Dembiński Ł, Vieira Martins M, Huss G, Grossman Z, Barak S, Magendie C, Del Torso S, Dornbusch HJ, Mazur A, Albrecht K, Hadjipanayis A. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Children and Adolescents-A Joint Statement of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European Confederation for Primary Care Paediatricians. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:721257. [PMID: 34497784 PMCID: PMC8419337 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.721257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stopping the COVID-19 pandemic and its socio-economic consequences is only possible with a multifaceted strategy, including mass vaccination. Studies have been conducted mainly in adults, and data on the pediatric population is relatively limited. However, it appears that vaccination in children and adolescents is highly effective and safe. Despite the apparent benefits of vaccinating this age group, there are some medical and ethical concerns. Based on the above considerations, the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP) and the European Confederation of Primary Care Pediatricians (ECPCP) assessed the current situation and presented recommendations for international and national authorities, pediatricians, and pediatric societies regarding vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Dembiński
- The European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miguel Vieira Martins
- Young European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Pediatrics Department, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Gottfried Huss
- The European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians, Lyon, France.,Kinder-Permanence Spital Zollikerberg, Zollikerberg, Switzerland
| | - Zachi Grossman
- The European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimon Barak
- The European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians, Lyon, France.,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christine Magendie
- The European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians, Lyon, France.,Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Talence, France
| | - Stefano Del Torso
- The European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Childcare Worldwide, Padova, Italy
| | - Hans Jürgen Dornbusch
- The European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Artur Mazur
- The European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Albrecht
- Department of Pediatric, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- The European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Paediatric Department, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus
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