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Bohns FR, Akhtar R, Chuang YJ, Chen PY. Bone quality in zebrafish vertebrae improves after alendronate administration in a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 154:106521. [PMID: 38555661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) changes the microarchitecture of bones and often leads to the reduction of bone-mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture rates. Zebrafish has been used as an alternative model for GIOP, however, the interaction of GIOP, and its treatment, with zebrafish bone morphometrics and mechanical properties, remains a challenge. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of prednisolone and alendronate on the properties of zebrafish vertebrae. Adult 7-month-old zebrafish were distributed into four groups: control (CTRL), prednisolone-only (PN), alendronate-only (ALN), and the sequential use of both medicines (PN + ALN). Fish skeletons were scanned via micro-tomography (n = 3) to obtain vertebra morphometrics (e.g., BMD). Bone morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (n = 4) and the biomechanical behaviour with nanoindentation technique (n = 3). The BMD decreased in PN (426.08 ± 18.58 mg/cm3) and ALN (398.23 ± 10.20 mg/cm3) groups compared to the CTRL (490.43 ± 41.96 mg/cm3) (p < 0.001); however, administering the medicines in sequence recovered the values to healthy levels (495.43 ± 22.06 mg/cm3) (p > 0.05). The bone layered structures remain preserved in all groups. The vertebrae of the groups that received ALN and PN + ALN, displayed higher modulus of elasticity (27.27 ± 1.59 GPa and 25.68 ± 2.07 GPa, respectively) than the CTRL (22.74 ± 1.60 GP) (p < 0.001). ALN alone increased the hardness of zebrafish vertebrae to the highest value among the treatments (1.32 ± 0.13 GPa) (p < 0.001). Conversely, PN + ALN (1.25 ± 0.11 GPa) showed unaltered hardness from the CTRL (1.18 ± 0.13 GPa), but significantly higher than the PN group (1.08 ± 0.12 GPa) (p < 0.001). ALN administered after GIOP development, rescued osteoporotic condition by recovering the BMD and bone hardness in zebrafish vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rocha Bohns
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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2
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Szabo E, Bensusan J, Akkus O, Rimnac C. Immature porcine cortical bone mechanical properties and composition change with maturation and displacement rate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106487. [PMID: 38490048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Computational models of mature bone have been used to predict fracture; however, analogous study of immature diaphyseal fracture has not been conducted due to sparse experimental mechanical data. A model of immature bone fracture may be used to aid in the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental trauma fractures in young, newly ambulatory children (0-3 years). The objective of this study was to characterize the evolution of tissue-level mechanical behavior, composition, and microstructure of maturing cortical porcine bone with uniaxial tension, Raman spectroscopy, and light microscopy as a function of maturation. We asked: 1) How do the monotonic uniaxial tensile properties change with maturation and displacement rate; 2) How does the composition and microstructure change with maturation; and 3) Is there a correlation between composition and tensile properties with maturation? Elastic modulus (p < 0.001), fracture stress (p < 0.001), and energy absorption (p < 0.014) increased as a function of maturation at the quasistatic rate by 110%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Fracture stress also increased by 90% with maturation at the faster rate (p = 0.001). Fracture stress increased as a function of increasing displacement rate by 28% (newborn p = 0.048; 1-month p = 0.004; 3-month p= < 0.001), and fracture strain decreased by 68% with increasing displacement rate (newborn p = 0.002; 1-month p = 0.036; 3-month p < 0.001). Carbonate-to-phosphate ratio was positively linearly related to elastic modulus, and fracture stress was positively related to carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and matrix maturation ratio. The results of this study support that immature bone is strain-rate dependent and becomes more brittle at faster rates, contributing to the foundation upon which a computational model can be built to evaluate immature bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Szabo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jay Bensusan
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Clare Rimnac
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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3
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Raimann A, Misof BM, Fratzl P, Fratzl-Zelman N. Bone Material Properties in Bone Diseases Affecting Children. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:787-805. [PMID: 37897675 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic and genetic bone disorders affect not only bone mass but often also the bone material, including degree of mineralization, matrix organization, and lacunar porosity. The quality of juvenile bone is moreover highly influenced by skeletal growth. This review aims to provide a compact summary of the present knowledge on the complex interplay between bone modeling and remodeling during skeletal growth and to alert the reader to the complexity of bone tissue characteristics in children with bone disorders. RECENT FINDINGS We describe cellular events together with the characteristics of the different tissues and organic matrix organization (cartilage, woven and lamellar bone) occurring during linear growth. Subsequently, we present typical alterations thereof in disorders leading to over-mineralized bone matrix compared to those associated with low or normal mineral content based on bone biopsy studies. Growth spurts or growth retardation might amplify or mask disease-related alterations in bone material, which makes the interpretation of bone tissue findings in children complex and challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalbert Raimann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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André G, Chretien A, Demoulin A, Beersaerts M, Docquier PL, Behets C. Col1A-2 Mutation in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mice Contributes to Long Bone Fragility by Modifying Cell-Matrix Organization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17010. [PMID: 38069332 PMCID: PMC10707465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare congenital bone dysplasia generally caused by a mutation of one of the type I collagen genes and characterized by low bone mass, numerous fractures, and bone deformities. The collagen organization and osteocyte lacuna arrangement were investigated in the long bones of 17-week-old wildtype (WT, n = 17) and osteogenesis imperfecta mice (OIM, n = 16) that is a validated model of severe human OI in order to assess their possible role in bone fragility. Fractures were counted after in vivo scanning at weeks 5, 11, and 17. Humerus, femur, and tibia diaphyses from both groups were analyzed ex vivo with pQCT, polarized and ordinary light histology, and Nano-CT. The fractures observed in the OIM were more numerous in the humerus and femur than in the tibia, whereas the quantitative bone parameters were altered in different ways among these bones. Collagen fiber organization appeared disrupted, with a lower birefringence in OIM than WT bones, whereas the osteocyte lacunae were more numerous, more spherical, and not aligned in a lamellar pattern. These modifications, which are typical of immature and less mechanically competent bone, attest to the reciprocal alteration of collagen matrix and osteocyte lacuna organization in the OIM, thereby contributing to bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire André
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.A.); (A.C.); (A.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Antoine Chretien
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.A.); (A.C.); (A.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Antoine Demoulin
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.A.); (A.C.); (A.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Mélanie Beersaerts
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.A.); (A.C.); (A.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Docquier
- Neuromusculoskeletal Lab, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Catherine Behets
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.A.); (A.C.); (A.D.); (M.B.)
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5
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Vázquez Sanz C, Victoria Rodríguez I, Forriol F, Tejado E, Lopez-Valdes FJ. Variation in Juvenile Long Bone Properties as a Function of Age: Mechanical and Compositional Characterization. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1637. [PMID: 36837267 PMCID: PMC9967109 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a heterogeneous, hierarchical biocomposite material made of an organic matrix filled with a mineral component, which plays an important role in bone strength. Although the effect of the mineral/matrix ratio on the mechanical properties of bone during aging has been intensively investigated, the relationship between the mechanical properties and the chemical composition of bone with age requires additional research in juvenile individuals. In this study, bone coupons from bovine and ovine animal species were machined from cortical areas of long bones to quantify whether the variation in mechanical properties at different stages of development is related to the change in the composition of bone tissue. An energy-dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to perform a compositional analysis of the tissue. In addition, nanoindentation analyses were carried out to address how the elastic modulus changed with age. Nonparametric statistical analyses found significant differences (p < 0.05) in Ca content and elastic modulus between species, but no differences were found within each species with development. A multiple linear regression model found that the elastic modulus was significantly related to the decrease in P and C in the samples, to the animal species (larger in bovine), and development, although not linearly. This model also found an interaction between Ca and development that could explain the lack of significance of the relationship between the elastic modulus and development in the univariate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vázquez Sanz
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Victoria Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Forriol
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Tejado
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales-CIME, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Gamsjaeger S, Rauch F, Glorieux FH, Paschalis EP. Cortical bone material / compositional properties in growing children and young adults aged 1.5-23 years, as a function of gender, age, metabolic activity, and growth spurt. Bone 2022; 165:116548. [PMID: 36122648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone material / compositional properties are significant determinants of bone quality, thus strength. Raman spectroscopic analysis provides information on the quantity and quality of all three bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, and tissue water). The overwhelming majority of the published reports on the subject concern adults. We have previously reported on these properties in growing children and young adults, in the cancellous compartment. The purpose of the present study was to create normative reference data of bone material / compositional properties for children and young adults, in the cortical compartment. We performed Raman (Senterra (Bruker Optik GmbH), 50× objective, with an excitation of 785 nm (100 mW) and a lateral resolution of ~0.6 μm) microspectroscopic analysis of transiliac bone samples from 54 individuals between 1.5 and 23 years of age, with no known metabolic bone disease, and which have been previously used to establish histomorphometric, bone mineralization density distribution, and cancellous bone quality reference values. The bone quality indices that were determined were: mineral/matrix ratio (MM) from the integrated areas of the v2PO4 (410-460 cm-1) and the amide III (1215-1300 cm-1) bands, tissue water in nanopores approximated by the ratio of the integrated spectral area ~ 494-509 cm-1 to Amide III band, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (ratio of integrated area 1365-1390 cm-1 to the Amide III band, the sulfated proteoglycan (sPG) content as the ratio of the integrated peaks ~1062 cm-1 and 1365-1390 cm-1, the pyridinoline (Pyd) content estimated from the ratio of the absorbance height at 1660 cm-1 / area of the amide I (1620-1700 cm-1) band, and the mineral maturity / crystallinity (MMC) estimated from the inverse of the full width at half height of the v1PO4 (930-980 cm-1) band. Analyses were performed at the three distinct cortical surfaces (endosteal, osteonal, periosteal) at specific anatomical microlocations, namely the osteoid, and the three precisely known tissue ages based on the presence of fluorescence double labels. Measurements were also taken in interstitial bone, a much older tissue that has undergone extensive secondary mineralization. Overall, significant dependencies of the measured parameters on tissue age were observed, while at any given tissue age, sex and subject age were minimal confounders. The established Raman database in the cortical compartments complements the previously published one in cancellous bone, and provides healthy baseline bone quality indices that may serve as a valuable tool to identify alterations due to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Rauch
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - F H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Wölfel EM, Schmidt FN, Vom Scheidt A, Siebels AK, Wulff B, Mushumba H, Ondruschka B, Püschel K, Scheijen J, Schalkwijk CG, Vettorazzi E, Jähn-Rickert K, Gludovatz B, Schaible E, Amling M, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Zimmermann EA, Busse B. Dimorphic Mechanisms of Fragility in Diabetes Mellitus: the Role of Reduced Collagen Fibril Deformation. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2259-2276. [PMID: 36112316 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging metabolic disease, and the management of diabetic bone disease poses a serious challenge worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to high fracture risk in DM is hence of particular interest and urgently needed to allow for diagnosis and treatment optimization. In a case-control postmortem study, the whole 12th thoracic vertebra and cortical bone from the mid-diaphysis of the femur from male individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n = 6; 61.3 ± 14.6 years), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 11; 74.3 ± 7.9 years), and nondiabetic controls (n = 18; 69.3 ± 11.5) were analyzed with clinical and ex situ imaging techniques to explore various bone quality indices. Cortical collagen fibril deformation was measured in a synchrotron setup to assess changes at the nanoscale during tensile testing until failure. In addition, matrix composition was analyzed including determination of cross-linking and non-crosslinking advanced glycation end-products like pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine. In T1DM, lower fibril deformation was accompanied by lower mineralization and more mature crystalline apatite. In T2DM, lower fibril deformation concurred with a lower elastic modulus and tendency to higher accumulation of non-crosslinking advanced glycation end-products. The observed lower collagen fibril deformation in diabetic bone may be linked to altered patterns mineral characteristics in T1DM and higher advanced glycation end-product accumulation in T2DM. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Wölfel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna K Siebels
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Wulff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Mushumba
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jean Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Jähn-Rickert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Gludovatz
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Zimmermann
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Liu F, Hu K, Al-Qudsy LH, Wu LQ, Wang Z, Xu HY, Yang H, Yang PF. Aging exacerbates the morphological and mechanical response of mineralized collagen fibrils in murine cortical bone to disuse. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:345-354. [PMID: 36087867 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) are the fundamental building blocks of bone tissue and contribute significantly to the mechanical behavior of bone. However, it is still largely unknown how the collagen network in bone responds to aging and the disuse normally accompanying it. Utilizing atomic force microscopy, nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy, age-related alterations in the microstructure and mechanical properties of murine cortical tibia at multiple scales were investigated in this study. The potential difference in the responses of bone to disuse at different ages was studied. The results indicated that the age- and disuse-related alterations in bone initiate from MCFs in the bone matrix. The D-periodic spacing, radial elastic modulus of a single MCF and the mineral-to-matrix ratio on the cortical bone surface were larger in aged mice than in adult mice. Disuse, on the other hand, mainly has a major influence on aged mice, particularly on the morphology and mechanical properties of MCFs, but it only has modest effects on adult bone. These findings revealed insights into the morphological and mechanical adaptation of mineralized collagen fibrils in murine cortical bone to aging and disuse. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone is a complex structured composite material consisting of an interwoven framework of collagen fibrils reinforced by mineral particles and embedded in an extrafibrillar mineralized matrix. Utilizing atomic force microscopy, nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy, this study suggests that the effects of aging, as well as the accompanying disuse, on the morphology and mechanical properties of bone initiate from the mineralized collagen fibril level. More interestingly, the MCF in the bone of aged mice seems to be more sensitive to disuse than that in adult mice. These findings significantly further the current understanding of the adaptation process of bone to aging at the mineralized collagen fibril level and provide direct insights into the physiological response of bone to aging and the abnormal mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Luban H Al-Qudsy
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan-Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Yun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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9
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Flenner S, Bruns S, Longo E, Parnell AJ, Stockhausen KE, Müller M, Greving I. Machine learning denoising of high-resolution X-ray nanotomography data. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:230-238. [PMID: 34985440 PMCID: PMC8733986 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521011139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution X-ray nanotomography is a quantitative tool for investigating specimens from a wide range of research areas. However, the quality of the reconstructed tomogram is often obscured by noise and therefore not suitable for automatic segmentation. Filtering methods are often required for a detailed quantitative analysis. However, most filters induce blurring in the reconstructed tomograms. Here, machine learning (ML) techniques offer a powerful alternative to conventional filtering methods. In this article, we verify that a self-supervised denoising ML technique can be used in a very efficient way for eliminating noise from nanotomography data. The technique presented is applied to high-resolution nanotomography data and compared to conventional filters, such as a median filter and a nonlocal means filter, optimized for tomographic data sets. The ML approach proves to be a very powerful tool that outperforms conventional filters by eliminating noise without blurring relevant structural features, thus enabling efficient quantitative analysis in different scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Flenner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Stefan Bruns
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elena Longo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Kilian E. Stockhausen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Imke Greving
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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Baron C, Follet H, Pithioux M, Payan C, Lasaygues P. Assessing the Elasticity of Child Cortical Bone. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2022; 1364:297-318. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Frattini A, Bolamperti S, Valli R, Cipolli M, Pinto RM, Bergami E, Frau MR, Cesaro S, Signo M, Bezzerri V, Porta G, Khan AW, Rubinacci A, Villa I. Enhanced p53 Levels Are Involved in the Reduced Mineralization Capacity of Osteoblasts Derived from Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413331. [PMID: 34948128 PMCID: PMC8707819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SBDS gene, a factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. By analyzing osteoblasts from SDS patients (SDS-OBs), we show that SDS-OBs displayed reduced SBDS gene expression and reduced/undetectable SBDS protein compared to osteoblasts from healthy subjects (H-OBs). SDS-OBs cultured in an osteogenic medium displayed a lower mineralization capacity compared to H-OBs. Whole transcriptome analysis showed significant differences in the gene expression of SDS-OBs vs. H-OBs, particularly in the ossification pathway. SDS-OBs expressed lower levels of the main genes responsible for osteoblastogenesis. Of all downregulated genes, Western blot analyses confirmed lower levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I in SDS-OBs than in H-OBs. Interestingly, SDS-OBs showed higher protein levels of p53, an inhibitor of osteogenesis, compared to H-OBs. Silencing of Tp53 was associated with higher collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase protein levels and an increase in SDS-OB mineralization capacity. In conclusion, our results show that the reduced capacity of SDS-OBs to mineralize is mediated, at least in part, by the high levels of p53 and highlight an important role of SBDS in osteoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Frattini
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), UOS Milano CNR, Via Fantoli, 15/16, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332217113
| | - Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rita Maria Pinto
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Ospedale Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Piazza S.Onofrio, 4, 00165 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elena Bergami
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Frau
- Pediatrics and Intensive Neonatal Therapy, Ospedale San Francesco, Via Salvatore Mannironi, 08100 Nuoro, Italy;
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Ospedale Donna Bambino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Michela Signo
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca, 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
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12
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Bertocci G, Brown NP, Thompson A, Bertocci K, Adolphi NL, Dvorscak L, Pierce MC. Femur morphology in healthy infants and young children. Clin Anat 2021; 35:305-315. [PMID: 34881441 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize femur morphology in healthy infants and young children. Anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs of the femur from children age 0-3 years with no history of bone disease were obtained from two children's hospitals and one medical examiner's office. Femur morphological measures (bone length, minimum diaphysis diameter, growth plate width, and femur radius of curvature) and sectional structural measures were determined. Measures were described and compared based on subject age and mass. Relationships between measures and age and mass were evaluated. The 169 AP femur radiographs were obtained from 99 children (59.6% males, median age = 12.0 months, IQR = 0-27.5 months, median body weight = 10.0 kg, IQR = 4.4-15.6 kg). Femur length (rs = 0.97, p < 0.001; rs = 0.89, p < 0.001), trochanter width (rs = 0.86, p < 0.001; rs = 0.85, p < 0.001), minimum diaphysis diameter (rs = 0.91, p < 0.001; rs = 0.87, p < 0.001), and growth plate width (rs = 0.91, p < 0.001; rs = 0.84, p < 0.001) increased with age and weight, respectively. Cross-sectional area (rs = 0.87; rs = 0.86; p < 0.01), polar moment of inertia (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001), moment of inertia (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001), polar modulus (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001) and medullary canal diameter (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001; rs = 0.73, p < 0.001) at the minimum diaphysis also increased with age and weight, respectively. Changes during rapid bone growth are important to understanding fracture risk in infants and young children as they transition to independent walking. Femur length, trochanter width, minimum diaphysis diameter and growth plate width increased with age and weight. Structural properties associated with fracture resistance also increased with age and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Bertocci
- Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nathan P Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Angela Thompson
- Department of Engineering Fundamentals, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Karen Bertocci
- Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Natalie L Adolphi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lauren Dvorscak
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mary Clyde Pierce
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago IL and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Delsmann MM, Seist R, Stürznickel J, Schmidt FN, Mansour A, Kobelski MM, Broocks G, Peichl J, Oheim R, Praetorius M, Schinke T, Amling M, Demay MB, Stankovic KM, Rolvien T. Conductive Hearing Loss in the Hyp Mouse Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Is Accompanied by Hypomineralization of the Auditory Ossicles. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2317-2328. [PMID: 34523743 PMCID: PMC8688200 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PHEX gene. In XLH, increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels cause renal phosphate wasting and low concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, leading to an early clinical manifestation of rickets. Importantly, hearing loss is commonly observed in XLH patients. We present here data from two XLH patients with marked conductive hearing loss. To decipher the underlying pathophysiology of hearing loss in XLH, we utilized the Hyp mouse model of XLH and measured auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) to functionally assess hearing. As evidenced by the increased ABR/DPOAE threshold shifts in the mid-frequency range, these measurements indicated a predominantly conductive hearing loss in Hyp mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Therefore, we carried out an in-depth histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopic analysis of the auditory ossicles. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) indicated a severe hypomineralization of the ossicles in Hyp mice, evidenced by lower calcium content (CaMean) and higher void volume (ie, porosity) compared to WT mice. Histologically, voids correlated with unmineralized bone (ie, osteoid), and the osteoid volume per bone volume (OV/BV) was markedly higher in Hyp mice than WT mice. The density of osteocyte lacunae was lower in Hyp mice than in WT mice, whereas osteocyte lacunae were enlarged. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of ossicular mineralization for hearing conduction and point toward the potential benefit of improving mineralization to prevent hearing loss in XLH. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Delsmann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Seist
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julian Stürznickel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amer Mansour
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Kobelski
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Peichl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Praetorius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie B Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Vollersen N, Zhao W, Rolvien T, Lange F, Schmidt FN, Sonntag S, Shmerling D, von Kroge S, Stockhausen KE, Sharaf A, Schweizer M, Karsak M, Busse B, Bockamp E, Semler O, Amling M, Oheim R, Schinke T, Yorgan TA. The WNT1 G177C mutation specifically affects skeletal integrity in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta type XV. Bone Res 2021; 9:48. [PMID: 34759273 PMCID: PMC8580994 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of homozygous WNT1 mutations in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta type XV (OI-XV) has suggested that WNT1 is a key ligand promoting the differentiation and function of bone-forming osteoblasts. Although such an influence was supported by subsequent studies, a mouse model of OI-XV remained to be established. Therefore, we introduced a previously identified disease-causing mutation (G177C) into the murine Wnt1 gene. Homozygous Wnt1G177C/G177C mice were viable and did not display defects in brain development, but the majority of 24-week-old Wnt1G177C/G177C mice had skeletal fractures. This increased bone fragility was not fully explained by reduced bone mass but also by impaired bone matrix quality. Importantly, the homozygous presence of the G177C mutation did not interfere with the osteoanabolic influence of either parathyroid hormone injection or activating mutation of LRP5, the latter mimicking the effect of sclerostin neutralization. Finally, transcriptomic analyses revealed that short-term administration of WNT1 to osteogenic cells induced not only the expression of canonical WNT signaling targets but also the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix modifiers. Taken together, our data demonstrate that regulating bone matrix quality is a primary function of WNT1. They further suggest that individuals with WNT1 mutations should profit from existing osteoanabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Vollersen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabiola Lange
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nikolai Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Sonntag
- PolyGene AG, 8153, Rümlang, Switzerland.,ETH Phenomics Center (EPIC), ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Elia Stockhausen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sharaf
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Semler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Szabo E, Rimnac C. Biomechanics of immature human cortical bone: A systematic review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104889. [PMID: 34736022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The whole bone geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of mature human bone are widely reported; however, immature bone (0-18 years) has not been similarly robustly characterized. There is an interest in analyzing and predicting the mechanical loading conditions associated with long bone diaphyseal fractures attributed to trauma in children. Thus, understanding the mechanical properties of immature bone in a temporal reference frame is an essential first step to understand diaphyseal fractures of pediatric long bones. The purpose of this systematic review was to ask, what is the state of knowledge regarding the 1) evolution of whole bone geometry and microstructure of immature pediatric bone as a function of maturation and 2) cortical bone density and experimental quasi-static mechanical properties at the tissue level in the diaphyseal region of immature pediatric long bones? The systematic search yielded 36 studies of the whole bone geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of immature pediatric long bones. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and ultimate stress were shown to generally increase with maturation, whereas the yield strain was approximately invariant; however, the specific year-to-year progression of these properties could not be characterized from the limited studies available. The results of this systematic search indicate there is a dearth of knowledge associated with the biomechanics of cortical bone from immature pediatric long bones; it also provides a basis for computational studies of immature human long bones. Additional biomechanical studies of immature human bone are necessary to develop a robust catalogue, which can be used in broad applications to understand fracture mechanics, bone pathologies, and athletic injury in the pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Szabo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Clare Rimnac
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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16
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Liang W, Wu X, Dong Y, Chen X, Zhou P, Xu F. Mechanical stimuli-mediated modulation of bone cell function-implications for bone remodeling and angiogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:445-454. [PMID: 34665321 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling, expressed as bone formation and turnover, is a complex and dynamic process closely related to its form and function. Different events, such as development, aging, and function, play a critical role in bone remodeling and metabolism. The ability of the bone to adapt to new loads and forces has been well known and has proven useful in orthopedics and insightful for research in bone and cell biology. Mechanical stimulation is one of the most important drivers of bone metabolism. Interestingly, different types of forces will have specific consequences in bone remodeling, and their beneficial effects can be traced using different biomarkers. In this narrative review, we summarize the major mediators and events in bone remodeling, focusing on the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone metabolism, cell populations, and ultimately, bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinchang People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312500, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Niki Y, Seifzadeh A. Characterization and comparison of hyper-viscoelastic properties of normal and osteoporotic bone using stress-relaxation experiment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104754. [PMID: 34391015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue behavior under various loads is nonlinear elastic due to irreversible energy absorption. Also, viscoelasticity is one of the most important properties of bone which is very important in dynamic analyses and helps a lot in making artificial bone. In this study, rat tibia bone specimens were subjected to compression stress-relaxation test for normal (n = 5) and osteoporotic (n = 5) groups in order to characterize their mechanical properties using finite element modeling coupled with an optimization algorithm. Using this method, the structural equation parameters for the Neo-Hookean model and the Prony series coefficients were used to describe the hyper-elastic and the viscoelastic behavior of specimens, respectively; moreover, the properties of materials including the bulk, shear and Young's moduli for both groups were obtained and compared. The shear modulus was also gained as a function of time. In addition, the percentage of stress reduction and its relation to the initial stress were investigated for specimens. Finally, the effect of changes in each of the parameters of the hyper-viscoelastic structural equation on the force response was determined. Results of this study can be used in predicting the transient response and dynamic analysis of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Niki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Seifzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Isfahan, Iran.
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18
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Isojima T, Sims NA. Cortical bone development, maintenance and porosity: genetic alterations in humans and mice influencing chondrocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5755-5773. [PMID: 34196732 PMCID: PMC11073036 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cortical bone structure is a crucial determinant of bone strength, yet for many years studies of novel genes and cell signalling pathways regulating bone strength have focused on the control of trabecular bone mass. Here we focus on mechanisms responsible for cortical bone development, growth, and degeneration, and describe some recently described genetic-driven modifications in humans and mice that reveal how these processes may be controlled. We start with embryonic osteogenesis of preliminary bone structures preceding the cortex and describe how this structure consolidates then matures to a dense, vascularised cortex containing an increasing proportion of lamellar bone. These processes include modelling-induced, and load-dependent, asymmetric cortical expansion, which enables the cortex's transition from a highly porous woven structure to a consolidated and thickened highly mineralised lamellar bone structure, infiltrated by vascular channels. Sex-specific differences emerge during this process. With aging, the process of consolidation reverses: cortical pores enlarge, leading to greater cortical porosity, trabecularisation and loss of bone strength. Each process requires co-ordination between bone formation, bone mineralisation, vascularisation, and bone resorption, with a need for locational-, spatial- and cell-specific signalling pathways to mediate this co-ordination. We will discuss these processes, and a number of cell-signalling pathways identified in both murine and human genetic studies to regulate cortical bone mass, including signalling through gp130, STAT3, PTHR1, WNT16, NOTCH, NOTUM and sFRP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Isojima
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3122, Australia.
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Jähn-Rickert K, Zimmermann EA. Potential Role of Perilacunar Remodeling in the Progression of Osteoporosis and Implications on Age-Related Decline in Fracture Resistance of Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:391-402. [PMID: 34117624 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We took an interdisciplinary view to examine the potential contribution of perilacunar/canalicular remodeling to declines in bone fracture resistance related to age or progression of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Perilacunar remodeling is most prominent as a result of lactation; recent advances further elucidate the molecular players involved and their effect on bone material properties. Of these, vitamin D and calcitonin could be active during aging or osteoporosis. Menopause-related hormonal changes or osteoporosis therapies affect bone material properties and mechanical behavior. However, investigations of lacunar size or osteocyte TRAP activity with age or osteoporosis do not provide clear evidence for or against perilacunar remodeling. While the occurrence and potential role of perilacunar remodeling in aging and osteoporosis progression are largely under-investigated, widespread changes in bone matrix composition in OVX models and following osteoporosis therapies imply osteocytic maintenance of bone matrix. Perilacunar remodeling-induced changes in bone porosity, bone matrix composition, and bone adaptation could have significant implications for bone fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jähn-Rickert
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 55a, 22529, Hamburg, Germany.
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth A Zimmermann
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Canada.
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20
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Mähr M, Blouin S, Behanova M, Misof BM, Glorieux FH, Zwerina J, Rauch F, Hartmann MA, Fratzl-Zelman N. Increased Osteocyte Lacunae Density in the Hypermineralized Bone Matrix of Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094508. [PMID: 33925942 PMCID: PMC8123504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are terminally differentiated osteoblasts embedded within the bone matrix and key orchestrators of bone metabolism. However, they are generally not characterized by conventional bone histomorphometry because of their location and the limited resolution of light microscopy. OI is characterized by disturbed bone homeostasis, matrix abnormalities and elevated bone matrix mineralization density. To gain further insights into osteocyte characteristics and bone metabolism in OI, we evaluated 2D osteocyte lacunae sections (OLS) based on quantitative backscattered electron imaging in transiliac bone biopsy samples from children with OI type I (n = 19) and age-matched controls (n = 24). The OLS characteristics were related to previously obtained, re-visited histomorphometric parameters. Moreover, we present pediatric bone mineralization density distribution reference data in OI type I (n = 19) and controls (n = 50) obtained with a field emission scanning electron microscope. Compared to controls, OI has highly increased OLS density in cortical and trabecular bone (+50.66%, +61.73%; both p < 0.001), whereas OLS area is slightly decreased in trabecular bone (−10.28%; p = 0.015). Correlation analyses show a low to moderate, positive association of OLS density with surface-based bone formation parameters and negative association with indices of osteoblast function. In conclusion, hyperosteocytosis of the hypermineralized OI bone matrix associates with abnormal bone cell metabolism and might further impact the mechanical competence of the bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mähr
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (B.M.M.); (J.Z.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (B.M.M.); (J.Z.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Martina Behanova
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (B.M.M.); (J.Z.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Barbara M. Misof
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (B.M.M.); (J.Z.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Francis H. Glorieux
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, ON H4A 0A9, Canada; (F.H.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (B.M.M.); (J.Z.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Frank Rauch
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, ON H4A 0A9, Canada; (F.H.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Markus A. Hartmann
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (B.M.M.); (J.Z.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- 1st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (B.M.M.); (J.Z.); (M.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-5-9393-55770
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21
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Du T, Niu X, Hou S, Xu M, Li Z, Li P, Fan Y. Highly aligned hierarchical intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen induced by periodic fluid shear stress. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:2562-2572. [PMID: 32101230 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodic fluid shear stress (FSS) is one of the main mechanical microenvironments in mineralization of bone matrix. To elucidate the mechanism of periodic FSS in collagen mineralization, a mechanical loading induced mineralization system is developed and compared with traditional polyacrylic acid (PAA) induced mineralization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, calcium-to-phosphorus molar ratio and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrate that both periodic FSS and PAA can control the size of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to avoid aggregation and help the formation of intrafibrillar mineralization. Differently, periodic FSS under a proper cycle and range can accelerate the conversion of ACP to apatite crystals and alleviate the reduced transformation caused by PAA. Under the action of template analogues, periodic FSS can also promote the formation of highly oriented hierarchical intrafibrillar mineralized (HIM) collagen. These findings are helpful for understanding the mechanism of collagen mineralization in natural bone matrix and contribute to the design of novel bone substitute materials with hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xufeng Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China and Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Sen Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Menghan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China and Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China
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22
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Stockhausen KE, Qwamizadeh M, Wölfel EM, Hemmatian H, Fiedler IAK, Flenner S, Longo E, Amling M, Greving I, Ritchie RO, Schmidt FN, Busse B. Collagen Fiber Orientation Is Coupled with Specific Nano-Compositional Patterns in Dark and Bright Osteons Modulating Their Biomechanical Properties. ACS Nano 2021; 15:455-467. [PMID: 33404232 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone continuously adapts to its mechanical environment by structural reorganization to maintain mechanical strength. As the adaptive capabilities of bone are portrayed in its nano- and microstructure, the existence of dark and bright osteons with contrasting preferential collagen fiber orientation (longitudinal and oblique-angled, respectively) points at a required tissue heterogeneity that contributes to the excellent fracture resistance mechanisms in bone. Dark and bright osteons provide an exceptional opportunity to deepen our understanding of how nanoscale tissue properties influence and guide fracture mechanisms at larger length scales. To this end, a comprehensive structural, compositional, and mechanical assessment is performed using circularly polarized light microscopy, synchrotron nanocomputed tomography, focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nanoindentation testing. To predict how the mechanical behavior of osteons is affected by shifts in collagen fiber orientation, finite element models are generated. Fundamental disparities between both osteon types are observed: dark osteons are characterized by a higher degree of mineralization along with a higher ratio of inorganic to organic matrix components that lead to higher stiffness and the ability to resist plastic deformation under compression. On the contrary, bright osteons contain a higher fraction of collagen and provide enhanced ductility and energy dissipation due to lower stiffness and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian E Stockhausen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mahan Qwamizadeh
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva M Wölfel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haniyeh Hemmatian
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke A K Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silja Flenner
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elena Longo
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Greving
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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McKinsey K, Thompson A, Bertocci G. Investigation of femur fracture potential in common pediatric falls using finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:517-526. [PMID: 33115286 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1837119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A finite element (FE) model of an 11-month-old child's femur was developed to evaluate fracture risk in short-distance feet-first falls and bed falls. Pediatric material properties were applied to the FE model. Femur loading was derived from previously conducted fall experiments using a child surrogate where fall conditions (e.g., fall height, impact surface) were varied. Fracture thresholds based on principal stress and strain were used to examine potential for fracture. Peak stress/strain were significantly greater for feet-first falls from greater heights and onto harder impact surfaces. Feet-first falls exceeded some, but not all fracture thresholds. Bed falls did not exceed any fracture thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyonna McKinsey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Angela Thompson
- Department of Engineering Fundamentals, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gina Bertocci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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24
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Zimmermann EA, Fiedler IAK, Busse B. Breaking new ground in mineralized tissue: Assessing tissue quality in clinical and laboratory studies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104138. [PMID: 33157423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth, have extraordinary mechanical properties of both strength and toughness. This mechanical behavior originates from deformation and fracture resistance mechanisms in their multi-scale structure. The term quality describes the matrix composition, multi-scale structure, remodeling dynamics, water content, and micro-damage accumulation in the tissue. Aging and disease result in changes in the tissue quality that may reduce strength and toughness and lead to elevated fracture risk. Therefore, the capability to measure the quality of mineralized tissues provides critical information on disease progression and mechanical integrity. Here, we provide an overview of clinical and laboratory-based techniques to assess the quality of mineralized tissues in health and disease. Current techniques used in clinical settings include radiography-based (radiographs, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, EOS) and x-ray tomography-based methods (high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography). In the laboratory, tissue quality can be investigated in ex vivo samples with x-ray imaging (micro and nano-computed tomography, x-ray microscopy), electron microscopy (scanning/transmission electron imaging (SEM/STEM), backscattered scanning electron microscopy, Focused Ion Beam-SEM), light microscopy, spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and assessment of mechanical behavior (mechanical testing, fracture mechanics and reference point indentation). It is important for clinicians and basic science researchers to be aware of the techniques available in different types of research. While x-ray imaging techniques translated to the clinic have provided exceptional advancements in patient care, the future challenge will be to incorporate high-resolution laboratory-based bone quality measurements into clinical settings to broaden the depth of information available to clinicians during diagnostics, treatment and management of mineralized tissue pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imke A K Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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25
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Nadeem MW, Goh HG, Ali A, Hussain M, Khan MA, Ponnusamy VA. Bone Age Assessment Empowered with Deep Learning: A Survey, Open Research Challenges and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E781. [PMID: 33022947 PMCID: PMC7601134 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning is a quite useful and proliferating technique of machine learning. Various applications, such as medical images analysis, medical images processing, text understanding, and speech recognition, have been using deep learning, and it has been providing rather promising results. Both supervised and unsupervised approaches are being used to extract and learn features as well as for the multi-level representation of pattern recognition and classification. Hence, the way of prediction, recognition, and diagnosis in various domains of healthcare including the abdomen, lung cancer, brain tumor, skeletal bone age assessment, and so on, have been transformed and improved significantly by deep learning. By considering a wide range of deep-learning applications, the main aim of this paper is to present a detailed survey on emerging research of deep-learning models for bone age assessment (e.g., segmentation, prediction, and classification). An enormous number of scientific research publications related to bone age assessment using deep learning are explored, studied, and presented in this survey. Furthermore, the emerging trends of this research domain have been analyzed and discussed. Finally, a critical discussion section on the limitations of deep-learning models has been presented. Open research challenges and future directions in this promising area have been included as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Nadeem
- Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (FICT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia;
- Department of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Hock Guan Goh
- Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (FICT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- Department of Computer Science, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Adnan Khan
- Department of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Vasaki a/p Ponnusamy
- Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (FICT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia;
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26
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Lefevre E, Baron C, Gineyts E, Bala Y, Gharbi H, Allain JM, Lasaygues P, Pithioux M, Follet H. Ultrasounds could be considered as a future tool for probing growing bone properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15698. [PMID: 32973276 PMCID: PMC7518273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile bone growth is well described (physiological and anatomical) but there are still lacks of knowledge on intrinsic material properties. Our group has already published, on different samples, several studies on the assessment of intrinsic material properties of juvenile bone compared to material properties of adult bone. The purpose of this study was finally to combine different experimental modalities available (ultrasonic measurement, micro-Computed Tomography analysis, mechanical compression tests and biochemical measurements) applied on small cubic bone samples in order to gain insight into the multiparametric evaluation of bone quality. Differences were found between juvenile and adult groups in term of architectural parameters (Porosity Separation), Tissue Mineral Density (TMD), diagonal stiffness coefficients (C33, C44, C55, C66) and ratio between immature and mature cross-links (CX). Diagonal stiffness coefficients are more representative of the microstructural and biochemical parameters of child bone than of adult bone. We also found that compression modulus E was highly correlated with several microstructure parameters and CX in children group while it was not at all correlated in the adult group. Similar results were found for the CX which was linked to several microstructure parameters (TMD and E) only in the juvenile group. To our knowledge, this is the first time that, on a same sample, ultrasonic measurements have been combined with the assessment of mechanical and biochemical properties. It appears that ultrasonic measurements can provide relevant indicators of child bone quality (microstructural and biochemical parameters) which is promising for clinical application since, B-mode ultrasound is the preferred first-line modality over other more constraining imaging modalities (radiation, parent–child accessibility and access to the patient's bed) for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lefevre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Gineyts
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA Lyon, Campus LyonTech la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hakim Gharbi
- LMS, Ecole Polytechnique,CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Marc Allain
- LMS, Ecole Polytechnique,CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.,Inria, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France.
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Rolvien T, Milovanovic P, Schmidt FN, von Kroge S, Wölfel EM, Krause M, Wulff B, Püschel K, Ritchie RO, Amling M, Busse B. Long-Term Immobilization in Elderly Females Causes a Specific Pattern of Cortical Bone and Osteocyte Deterioration Different From Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1343-1351. [PMID: 31999373 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization as a result of long-term bed rest can lead to gradual bone loss. Because of their distribution throughout the bone matrix and remarkable interconnectivity, osteocytes represent the major mechanosensors in bone and translate mechanical into biochemical signals controlling bone remodeling. To test whether immobilization affects the characteristics of the osteocyte network in human cortical bone, femoral diaphyseal bone specimens were analyzed in immobilized female individuals and compared with age-matched postmenopausal individuals with primary osteoporosis. Premenopausal and postmenopausal healthy individuals served as control groups. Cortical porosity, osteocyte number and lacunar area, the frequency of hypermineralized lacunae, as well as cortical bone calcium content (CaMean) were assessed using bone histomorphometry and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). Bone matrix properties were further analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the immobilization group, cortical porosity was significantly higher, and qBEI revealed a trend toward higher matrix mineralization compared with osteoporotic individuals. Osteocyte density and canalicular density showed a declining rate from premenopausal toward healthy postmenopausal and osteoporotic individuals with peculiar reductions in the immobilization group, whereas the number of hypermineralized lacunae accumulated inversely. In conclusion, reduced osteocyte density and impaired connectivity during immobilization are associated with a specific bone loss pattern, reflecting a phenotype clearly distinguishable from postmenopausal osteoporosis. Immobilization periods may lead to a loss of survival signals for osteocytes, provoking bone loss that is even higher than in osteoporosis states, whereas osteocytic osteolysis remains absent. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva M Wölfel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Krause
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Wulff
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Jandl NM, von Kroge S, Stürznickel J, Baranowsky A, Stockhausen KE, Mushumba H, Beil FT, Püschel K, Amling M, Rolvien T. Large osteocyte lacunae in iliac crest infantile bone are not associated with impaired mineral distribution or signs of osteocytic osteolysis. Bone 2020; 135:115324. [PMID: 32198110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The enlargement of osteocyte lacunae via osteocytic osteolysis was previously detected in situations of increased calcium demand (e.g., lactation, vitamin D deficiency). However, it is unclear whether similar processes occur also in the growing infantile skeleton and how this is linked to the mineral distribution within the bone matrix. Human iliac crest biopsies of 30 subjects (0-6 months, n = 14; 2-8 years, n = 6 and 18-25 years, n = 10) were acquired. Bone microarchitecture was assessed by micro-CT, while cellular bone histomorphometry was performed on undecalcified histological sections. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) was conducted to determine the bone mineral density distribution (BMDD) as well as osteocyte lacunar size and density. We additionally evaluated cathepsin K positive osteocytes using immunohistochemistry. Infantile bone was characterized by various signs of ongoing bone development such as higher bone (re)modeling, lower cortical and trabecular thickness compared to young adults. Importantly, a significantly higher osteocyte lacunar density and increased lacunar area were detected. Large osteocyte lacunae were associated with a more heterogeneous bone mineral density distribution of the trabecular bone matrix due to the presence of hypermineralized cartilage remnants, whereas the mean mineralization (i.e., CaMean) was not different in infantile bone. Absence of cathepsin K expression in osteocyte lacunae indicated nonexistent osteocytic osteolysis. Taken together, we demonstrated that the overall mineralization distribution in infantile bone is not altered compared to young adults besides high trabecular mineralization heterogeneity. Our study also provides important reference values for bone microstructure, BMDD and osteocyte characteristics in infants, children and young adults. Infantile bone displays large osteocyte lacunae indicating a developmental phenomenon rather than osteocytic osteolysis. Larger osteocytes may have superior mechanosensory abilities to enable bone adaption during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Maximilian Jandl
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Stürznickel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Elia Stockhausen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Mushumba
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Timo Beil
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Walker EC, Truong K, McGregor NE, Poulton IJ, Isojima T, Gooi JH, Martin TJ, Sims NA. Cortical bone maturation in mice requires SOCS3 suppression of gp130/STAT3 signalling in osteocytes. eLife 2020; 9:e56666. [PMID: 32458800 PMCID: PMC7253175 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone strength is determined by its dense cortical shell, generated by unknown mechanisms. Here we use the Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mouse, with delayed cortical bone consolidation, to characterise cortical maturation and identify control signals. We show that cortical maturation requires a reduction in cortical porosity, and a transition from low to high density bone, which continues even after cortical shape is established. Both processes were delayed in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice. SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 3) inhibits signalling by leptin, G-CSF, and IL-6 family cytokines (gp130). In Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f bone, STAT3 phosphorylation was prolonged in response to gp130-signalling cytokines, but not G-CSF or leptin. Deletion of gp130 in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in osteocytes and osteoclastic resorption within cortical bone, leading to rescue of the corticalisation defect, and restoration of compromised bone strength. We conclude that cortical bone development includes both pore closure and accumulation of high density bone, and that these processes require suppression of gp130-STAT3 signalling in osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Walker
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
| | - Kim Truong
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent’s HospitalFitzroyAustralia
| | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Isojima
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Jonathan H Gooi
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - T John Martin
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent’s HospitalFitzroyAustralia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyAustralia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent’s HospitalFitzroyAustralia
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Fortin K, Bertocci G, Nicholas JL, Lorenz DJ, Pierce MC. Long bone fracture characteristics in children with medical conditions linked to bone health. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 103:104396. [PMID: 32135374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of fracture characteristics among children with medical conditions affecting bone could help to distinguish medical causes from child abuse. OBJECTIVE Characterize long bone fracture morphology among children diagnosed with medical conditions linked to bone health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Patients <18 years at a single pediatric hospital diagnosed with a medical condition linked to bone health and ≥1 long bone fracture were studied. METHODS This retrospective medical record review categorized underlying medical diagnoses as: metabolic bone disease, genetic disorder of connective tissue, neurologic disorder and other chronic disease. A pediatric radiologist reviewed plain films to determine fracture type and location. Descriptive statistics, as well as logistic regression were used to compare fracture types by clinical characteristics. RESULTS Ninety-four patients were included and their diagnoses were genetic connective disorder (19; 20.2 %), metabolic bone disease (16; 17.0 %), neurologic disorder (27; 28.7 %), and other (32; 34.0 %). A total of 216 long bone fractures were sustained; 52.1 % of children had >1 long bone fracture. Of the 216 fractures, 55 (25.5 %) were in children < 1 year, 118 (54.6 %) were associated with known trauma, and 122 (56.5 %) were in non-ambulatory patients. Lower extremity fractures occurred with greatest frequency and most fractures occurred at the mid-diaphysis. Transverse was the most common fracture type in all diagnostic categories. Children with metabolic disorders had highest odds of transverse fracture (COR 3.55, CI 1.45-8.67; neurologic disorders as reference group). CONCLUSIONS Diseases affecting bone health can influence fracture morphology. Transverse fractures were most common in bones impacted by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Fortin
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Gina Bertocci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, 500 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | | | - Douglas John Lorenz
- University of Louisville School of Public Health & Information Sciences, 485 E. Gray St., Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Mary Clyde Pierce
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, Il 60611, United States
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31
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Willie BM, Zimmermann EA, Vitienes I, Main RP, Komarova SV. Bone adaptation: Safety factors and load predictability in shaping skeletal form. Bone 2020; 131:115114. [PMID: 31648080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Much is known about skeletal adaptation in relation to the mechanical functions that bones serve. This includes how bone adapts to mechanical loading during an individual's lifetime as well as over evolutionary time. Although controlled loading in animal models allows us to observe short-term bone adaptation (epigenetic mechanobiology), examining an assemblage of extant vertebrate bones or a group of fossils' bony structures can reveal the combined effects of long-term trends in loading history and the effects of natural selection. In this survey we examine adaptations that take place over both time scales and highlight a few of the extraordinary insights first published by John Currey. First, we provide a historical perspective on bone adaptation control mechanisms, followed by a discussion of safety factors in bone. We then summarize examples of structural- and material-level adaptations and mechanotransduction, and analyze the relationship between these structural- and material-level adaptations observed in situations where loading modes are either predictable or unpredictable. We argue that load predictability is a major consideration for bone adaptation broadly across an evolutionary timescale, but that its importance can also be seen during ontogenetic growth trajectories, which are subject to natural selection as well. Furthermore, we suggest that bones with highly predictable load patterns demonstrate more precise design with lower safety factors, while bones that experience less predictable loads or those that are less capable of repair and adaptation are designed with a higher safety factor. Finally, exposure to rare loading events with high potential costs of failure leads to design of structures with very high safety factor compared to everyday loading experience. Understanding bone adaptations at the structural and material levels, which take place over an individual's lifetime or over evolutionary time has numerous applications in translational and clinical research to understand and treat musculoskeletal diseases, as well as to permit the furthering of human extraterrestrial exploration in environments with altered gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth A Zimmermann
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabela Vitienes
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell P Main
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Rabelo GD, Vom Scheidt A, Klebig F, Hemmatian H, Citak M, Amling M, Busse B, Jähn K. Multiscale bone quality analysis in osteoarthritic knee joints reveal a role of the mechanosensory osteocyte network in osteophytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:673. [PMID: 31959806 PMCID: PMC6971279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteophytes - bony outgrowths on joint structures - are found in healthy individuals but are specifically present in late osteoarthritis (OA). Osteophyte development and function is not well understood, yet biomechanical stimuli are thought to be critical. Bone adapts to mechanical forces via the cellular network of osteocytes. The involvement of osteocytes in osteophyte formation and maturation has not been unravelled. Forty-three osteophytes from tibias of 23 OA patients (65 ± 9 years) were analysed. The trabecular bone structure of osteophytes presented with fewer trabeculae of lower bone mineral density compared to subchondral bone. We identified 40% early stage and 60% late stage osteophytes that significantly differed in their trabecular bone characteristics. Osteophyte bone revealed a higher number of osteocytes and a lower number of empty osteocyte lacunae per bone area than the subchondral bone. We found that OA osteophytes consist of younger bone material comprised of woven and lamellar bone with the capacity to develop into a late stage osteophyte potentially via the involvement of the osteocyte network. Our analysis of OA osteophytes implies a transition from woven to lamellar bone as in physiological bone growth within a pathological joint. Therefore, osteophyte development and growth present a valuable research subject when aiming to investigate the osteogenic signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Haniyeh Hemmatian
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Jähn
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Schilperoort M, Bravenboer N, Lim J, Mletzko K, Busse B, van Ruijven L, Kroon J, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S, Winter EM. Circadian disruption by shifting the light-dark cycle negatively affects bone health in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:1052-1064. [PMID: 31914701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901929r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The past decade, it has become evident that circadian rhythms within metabolically active tissues are very important for physical health. However, although shift work has also been associated with an increased risk of fractures, circadian rhythmicity has not yet been extensively studied in bone. Here, we investigated which genes are rhythmically expressed in bone, and whether circadian disruption by shifts in light-dark cycle affects bone turnover and structure in mice. Our results demonstrate diurnal expression patterns of clock genes (Rev-erbα, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Clock), as well as genes involved in osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast proliferation and function (Rankl, Opg, Ctsk), and osteocyte function (c-Fos) in bone. Weekly alternating light-dark cycles disrupted rhythmic clock gene expression in bone and caused a reduction in plasma levels of procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP), suggestive of a reduced bone turnover. These effects coincided with an altered trabecular bone structure and increased cortical mineralization after 15 weeks of light-dark cycles, which may negatively affect bone strength in the long term. Collectively, these results show that a physiological circadian rhythm is important to maintain bone health, which stresses the importance of further investigating the association between shift work and skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joann Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Mletzko
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics (IOBM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics (IOBM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leo van Ruijven
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth M Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lefèvre E, Farlay D, Bala Y, Subtil F, Wolfram U, Rizzo S, Baron C, Zysset P, Pithioux M, Follet H. Compositional and mechanical properties of growing cortical bone tissue: a study of the human fibula. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17629. [PMID: 31772277 PMCID: PMC6879611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cortical bone contains two types of tissue: osteonal and interstitial tissue. Growing bone is not well-known in terms of its intrinsic material properties. To date, distinctions between the mechanical properties of osteonal and interstitial regions have not been investigated in juvenile bone and compared to adult bone in a combined dataset. In this work, cortical bone samples obtained from fibulae of 13 juveniles patients (4 to 18 years old) during corrective surgery and from 17 adult donors (50 to 95 years old) were analyzed. Microindentation was used to assess the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, quantitative microradiography was used to measure the degree of bone mineralization (DMB), and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the physicochemical modifications of bone composition (organic versus mineral matrix). Juvenile and adult osteonal and interstitial regions were analyzed for DMB, crystallinity, mineral to organic matrix ratio, mineral maturity, collagen maturity, carbonation, indentation modulus, indicators of yield strain and tissue ductility using a mixed model. We found that the intrinsic properties of the juvenile bone were not all inferior to those of the adult bone. Mechanical properties were also differently explained in juvenile and adult groups. The study shows that different intrinsic properties should be used in case of juvenile bone investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lefèvre
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Farlay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA Lyon, Campus LyonTech la Doua, F69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe Biostatistique Santé - LBBE, F69003, Lyon, France
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Rizzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for biomedical engineering research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France.
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35
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Pusceddu MM, Stokes PJ, Wong A, Gareau MG, Genetos DC. Sexually Dimorphic Influence of Neonatal Antibiotics on Bone. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2122-2129. [PMID: 31228216 PMCID: PMC6886746 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) contributes to host development, metabolism, and disease. Perturbations in GM composition, elicited through chronic administration of oral antibiotics (Abx) or studied using germ-free environments, alter bone mass, and microarchitecture. However, studies primarily involved chronic Abx exposure to adult mice prior to evaluating the skeletal phenotype. Children are more prone to infection with bacterial pathogens than adults and are thus treated more frequently with broad-spectrum Abx; consequently, Abx treatment disproportionately occurs during periods of greatest skeletal plasticity to anabolic cues. Because early-life exposures may exert long-lasting effects on adult health, we hypothesized that acute Abx administration during a developmentally sensitive period would elicit lasting effects on the skeletal phenotype. To test this hypothesis, neonatal mice were treated with Abx (P7-P23; oral gavage) or vehicle (water); GM composition, gut physiology, and bone structural and material properties were assessed in adulthood (8 weeks). We found sexually dimorphic effects of neonatal Abx administration on GM composition, gut barrier permeability, and the skeleton, indicating a negative role for neonatal Abx on bone mass and quality. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2122-2129, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie G Gareau
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Damian C. Genetos, Associate Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, dgenetosATucdavisDOTedu, Melanie G. Gareau, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, mgareauATucdavisDOTedu
| | - Damian C. Genetos
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Damian C. Genetos, Associate Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, dgenetosATucdavisDOTedu, Melanie G. Gareau, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, mgareauATucdavisDOTedu
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36
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Dias FJ, Arias A, Borie E, Fuentes R. Platelet-rich fibrin and collagen membrane in the preservation of the alveolar bone: Feasibility of the elemental inorganic composition and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1993-1999. [PMID: 31441994 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The success of dental implants is related to the amount, quality, and composition of the alveolar bone. The placement of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) clot associated with a resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) in a postextraction alveolus is a technique used for ridge preservation. This case report study analyzed the ultrastructural characteristics of cross-sectioned alveolar bone that received PRF and RCM using scanning electron microscopy and the inorganic composition using "energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry," in order to explore the feasibility of this method to clinical studies. Three alveolar bone samples from two male patients (37 and 58 years old), obtained in the procedure of placing the dental implant, were analyzed. Two bone samples previously received PRF and RCM (M37 and M58), the third sample represented a physiological bone formation without treatment (M37-control). The bone sample M37 showed irregularly shaped islets of calcified material intermingled with connective tissue. The other samples, from the 58-year-old patient with PRF and RCM (M58); and the other untreated bone sample from the same 37-year-old patient (M37-control) showed similar ultrastructural morphology with trabecular conformation without islets agglomerations. The inorganic composition analysis showed higher concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in both samples treated with PRF and RCM in comparison to the untreated bone sample. The Ca/P ratio was higher in the M37 sample compared to the others samples. The results showed morphology and inorganic composition differences among the treatments used, suggesting that this method is feasible to analyze parameters of the alveolar bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando José Dias
- Department of Integral Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alain Arias
- Department of Integral Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Eduardo Borie
- Department of Integral Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ramón Fuentes
- Department of Integral Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides a review on the variability of the osteocyte lacunar network in the human skeleton. It highlights characteristics of the osteocyte lacunar network in relation to different skeletal sites and fracture susceptibility. RECENT FINDINGS Application of 2D analyses (quantitative backscattered electron microscopy, histology, confocal laser scanning microscopy) and 3D reconstructions (microcomputed tomography and synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography) provides extended high-resolution information on osteocyte lacunar properties in individuals of various age (fetal, children's growth, elderly), sex, and disease states with increased fracture risk. Recent findings on the distribution of osteocytes in the human skeleton are reviewed. Quantitative data highlighting the variability of the osteocyte lacunar network is presented with special emphasis on site specificity and maintenance of bone health. The causes and consequences of heterogeneous distribution of osteocyte lacunae both within specific regions of interest and on the skeletal level are reviewed and linked to differential bone quality factors and fracture susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Milovanovic
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 55A, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 55A, 22529, Hamburg, Germany.
- Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Heisenberg Research Group of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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