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Liu C, Yan Z, Yang J, Wei P, Zhang D, Wang Q, Zhang X, Hao Y, Yang D. Corrosion and Biological Behaviors of Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy under an Oxidative Stress Microenvironment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:18503-18521. [PMID: 38570902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials can induce an inflammatory response in surrounding tissues after implantation, generating and releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The excessive accumulation of ROS may create a microenvironment with high levels of oxidative stress (OS), which subsequently accelerates the degradation of the passive film on the surface of titanium (Ti) alloys and affects their biological activity. The immunomodulatory role of macrophages in biomaterial osteogenesis under OS is unknown. This study aimed to explore the corrosion behavior and bone formation of Ti implants under an OS microenvironment. In this study, the corrosion resistance and osteoinduction capabilities in normal and OS conditions of the Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (wt %, Ti2448) were assessed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated that the Ti2448 alloy exhibited superior corrosion resistance on exposure to excessive ROS compared to the Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy. This can be attributed to the formation of the TiO2 and Nb2O5 passive films, which mitigated the adverse effects of OS. In vitro MC3T3-E1 cell experiments revealed that the Ti2448 alloy exhibited good biocompatibility in the OS microenvironment, whereas the osteogenic differentiation level was comparable to that of the TC4 alloy. The Ti2448 alloy significantly alleviates intercellular ROS levels, inducing a higher proportion of M2 phenotypes (52.7%) under OS. Ti2448 alloy significantly promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and osteoblast-related cytokines, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), which relatively increased by 26.9 and 31.4%, respectively, compared to TC4 alloy. The Ti2448 alloy provides a favorable osteoimmune environment and significantly promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro compared to the TC4 alloy. Ultimately, the Ti2448 alloy demonstrated excellent corrosion resistance and immunomodulatory properties in an OS microenvironment, providing valuable insights into potential clinical applications as implants to repair bone tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenglong Yan
- Liaoning People's Hospital, 33 Wenyi Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Penggong Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Hao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghong Yang
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004, People's Republic of China
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Yang X, Wu L, Li C, Li S, Hou W, Hao Y, Lu Y, Li L. Synergistic Amelioration of Osseointegration and Osteoimmunomodulation with a Microarc Oxidation-Treated Three-Dimensionally Printed Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Scaffold via Surface Activity and Low Elastic Modulus. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:3171-3186. [PMID: 38205810 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds, including bone substitutes, have evolved from being primarily a biologically passive structural element to one in which material properties such as surface topography and chemistry actively direct bone regeneration by influencing stem cells and the immune microenvironment. Ti-6Al-4V(Ti6Al4V) implants, with a significantly higher elastic modulus than human bone, may lead to stress shielding, necessitating improved stability at the bone-titanium alloy implant interface. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448), a low elastic modulus β-type titanium alloy devoid of potentially toxic elements, was utilized in this study. We employed 3D printing technology to fabricate a porous scaffold structure to further decrease the structural stiffness of the implant to approximate that of cancellous bone. Microarc oxidation (MAO) surface modification technology is then employed to create a microporous structure and a hydrophilic oxide ceramic layer on the surface and interior of the scaffold. In vitro studies demonstrated that MAO treatment enhances the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenesis capabilities on the scaffold surface. The chemical composition of the MAO-Ti2448 oxide layer is found to enhance the transcription and expression of osteogenic genes in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), potentially related to the enrichment of Nb2O5 and SnO2 in the oxide layer. The MAO-Ti2448 scaffold, with its synergistic surface activity and low stiffness, significantly activates the anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, creating an immune microenvironment that promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo experiments in a rabbit model demonstrated a significant improvement in the quantity and quality of the newly formed bone trabeculae within the scaffold under the contact osteogenesis pattern with a matched elastic modulus. These trabeculae exhibit robust connections to the external structure of the scaffold, accelerating the formation of an interlocking structure between the bone and implant and providing higher implantation stability. These findings suggest that the MAO-Ti2448 scaffold has significant potential as a bone defect repair material by regulating osteoimmunomodulation and osteogenesis to enhance osseointegration. This study demonstrates an optional strategy that combines the mechanism of reducing the elastic modulus with surface modification treatment, thereby extending the application scope of β-type titanium alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110055, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Engineering Research Center of High Entropy Alloy Materials (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110055, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Hou
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Hao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Engineering Research Center of High Entropy Alloy Materials (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110055, P.R. China
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Li Z, Wo J, Fu Y, Xu X, Wang B, Liu H, You D, Sun G, Li W, Wang X. Effects of Zr Addition on the Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Novel Biomedical Ti-Zr-Mo-Mn Alloys. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6935-6946. [PMID: 37941371 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
β-Type Ti alloys have been widely investigated as implant materials owing to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In the present work, the effects of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of Ti-Zr-Mo-Mn alloys were systematically studied. With the increase of Zr content, the phase composition gradually changed from intragranular-α + β of (TZ)5:1MM alloy to grain-boundary-α + β of (TZ)2:1MM alloy and finally transferred to a single β phase structure of (TZ)1:1MM alloy. The (TZ)1:1MM alloy exhibited a good mechanical combination with a yield strength of 750.8 MPa, an elastic modulus of 61.3 GPa, and a tensile ductility of 14.6%. Moreover, the addition of Zr can effectively stabilize the passivation film and reduce the sensitivity of microgalvanic corrosion in simulated body fluid, leading to enhanced corrosion resistance in the TZMM alloys. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis together with the ion-sputtering technique revealed that the passivation films formed on TZMM alloys possessed a bilayered structure (outer Ti+Zr mixed-oxide layer and inner Zr-oxide-rich layer), in which the inner Zr oxide layer plays an important role in the corrosion resistance of the TZMM alloys. In vitro biocompatibility evaluations demonstrated that the TZMM alloys can support cell adhesion and proliferation with high biocompatibility comparable to that of CP-Ti, while in vivo biocompatibility evaluations validated the bone osteointegration ability of TZMM alloys after long-term implantation. The above results indicate that novel TZMM alloys are promising candidates for implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin Wo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuanyue Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xincheng Xu
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Powder Metallurgy of Titanium & Rare Metals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Deqiang You
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Shaoguan Research Institute of Jinan University, 168 Muxi Avenue, Shaoguan 512029, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510632, China
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McHendrie R, Xiao W, Truong VK, Hashemi R. Gallium-Containing Materials and Their Potential within New-Generation Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:573. [PMID: 38132512 PMCID: PMC10741799 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising demand for implantable orthopaedic medical devices and the dominance of device-associated infections, extensive research into the development of novel materials has been prompted. Among these, new-generation titanium alloys with biocompatible elements and improved stiffness levels have received much attention. Furthermore, the development of titanium-based materials that can impart antibacterial function has demonstrated promising results, where gallium has exhibited superior antimicrobial action. This has been evidenced by the addition of gallium to various biomaterials including titanium alloys. Therefore, this paper aims to review the antibacterial activity of gallium when incorporated into biomedical materials, with a focus on titanium-based alloys. First, discussion into the development of new-generation Ti alloys that possess biocompatible elements and reduced Young's moduli is presented. This includes a brief review of the influence of alloying elements, processing techniques and the resulting biocompatibilities of the materials found in the literature. The antibacterial effect of gallium added to various materials, including bioglasses, liquid metals, and bioceramics, is then reviewed and discussed. Finally, a key focus is given to the incorporation of gallium into titanium systems for which the inherent mechanical, biocompatible, and antibacterial effects are reviewed and discussed in more detail, leading to suggestions and directions for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna McHendrie
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Wenlong Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Reza Hashemi
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
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Wong KK, Hsu HC, Wu SC, Ho WF. A Review: Design from Beta Titanium Alloys to Medium-Entropy Alloys for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7046. [PMID: 37959643 PMCID: PMC10650816 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
β-Ti alloys have long been investigated and applied in the biomedical field due to their exceptional mechanical properties, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Metastable β-Ti alloys have garnered interest in the realm of biomaterials owing to their notably low elastic modulus. Nevertheless, the inherent correlation between a low elastic modulus and relatively reduced strength persists, even in the case of metastable β-Ti alloys. Enhancing the strength of alloys contributes to improving their fatigue resistance, thereby preventing an implant material from failure in clinical usage. Recently, a series of biomedical high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys, composed of biocompatible elements such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and Mo, have been developed. Leveraging the contributions of the four core effects of high-entropy alloys, both biomedical high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys exhibit excellent mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, albeit accompanied by an elevated elastic modulus. To satisfy the demands of biomedical implants, researchers have sought to synthesize the strengths of high-entropy alloys and metastable β-Ti alloys, culminating in the development of metastable high-entropy/medium-entropy alloys that manifest both high strength and a low elastic modulus. Consequently, the design principles for new-generation biomedical medium-entropy alloys and conventional metastable β-Ti alloys can be converged. This review focuses on the design from β-Ti alloys to the novel metastable medium-entropy alloys for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kin Wong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan;
| | - Hsueh-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Shih-Ching Wu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Wen-Fu Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan;
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Wang H, Yu H, Huang T, Wang B, Xiang L. Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in osteogenesis and macrophage polarization: Therapeutic implications in bone defect repair. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2528-2539. [PMID: 37554194 PMCID: PMC10404961 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects caused by diseases or surgery are a common clinical problem. Researchers are devoted to finding biological mechanisms that accelerate bone defect repair, which is a complex and continuous process controlled by many factors. As members of transcriptional costimulatory molecules, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play an important regulatory role in osteogenesis, and they affect cell function by regulating the expression of osteogenic genes in osteogenesis-related cells. Macrophages are an important group of cells whose function is regulated by YAP/TAZ. Currently, the relationship between YAP/TAZ and macrophage polarization has attracted increasing attention. In bone tissue, YAP/TAZ can realize diverse osteogenic regulation by mediating macrophage polarization. Macrophages polarize into M1 and M2 phenotypes under different stimuli. M1 macrophages dominate the inflammatory response by releasing a number of inflammatory mediators in the early phase of bone defect repair, while massive aggregation of M2 macrophages is beneficial for inflammation resolution and tissue repair, as they secrete many anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis-related cytokines. The mechanism of YAP/TAZ-mediated macrophage polarization during osteogenesis warrants further study and it is likely to be a promising strategy for bone defect repair. In this article, we review the effect of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling and macrophage polarization on bone defect repair, and highlight the regulation of macrophage polarization by YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Alberta LA, Fortouna Y, Vishnu J, Pilz S, Gebert A, Lekka C, Nielsch K, Calin M. Effects of Ga on the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of β-Ti-45Nb alloy by experiments and ab initio calculations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105728. [PMID: 36827933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of four novel β-type (100-x)(Ti-45Nb)-xGa alloys (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 wt%) for implant applications by means of experimental and theoretical (ab initio) methods. All alloys retain the bcc β phase in the solution-treated and quenched state while the lattice parameter decreases with increase in Ga content. This is due to its smaller atomic radius compared to Ti and Nb, in line with the present density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Tensile and microhardness tests indicate a clear strengthening effect with increasing Ga content, with yield strengths in the range 551 ÷ 681 MPa and microhardness in the range 174 ÷ 232 HV0.1, mainly attributed to grain refinement and solid solution strengthening. Ga also positively affects ductility, with a maximum value of tensile strain at fracture of 32%. Non-destructive ultrasonic measurements and DFT calculations reveal that the bulk modulus is unaffected by the Ga presence. This phenomenon might be due to the fact that Ga introduced bonding and anti-bonding electron low energy states which balance the average bond strength among the atoms in the metallic matrix. Nevertheless, the introduction of new Ga-Ti super sp-like bonding orbitals along the [110] and [-110] directions in the Ga neighborhood could explain the increase of the Young's modulus upon Ga addition (73 ÷ 82.5 GPa) that was found experimentally in the present work. Hence, Ga addition to Ti-45Nb leads to a suitable balance between increased strength and low Young's modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Andrea Alberta
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany.
| | - Yannick Fortouna
- University of Ioannina, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Jithin Vishnu
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Annett Gebert
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Christina Lekka
- University of Ioannina, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany; Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 7, Dresden, 01062, Germany; Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Mariana Calin
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
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Wang J, Bao Z, Wu C, Zhang S, Wang N, Wang Q, Yi Z. Progress in partially degradable titanium-magnesium composites used as biomedical implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:996195. [PMID: 36159687 PMCID: PMC9490076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.996195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium-magnesium composites have gained increasing attention as a partially degradable biomaterial recently. The titanium-magnesium composite combines the bioactivity of magnesium and the good mechanical properties of titanium. Here, we discuss the limitations of conventional mechanically alloyed titanium-magnesium alloys for bioimplants, in addition we summarize three suitable methods for the preparation of titanium-magnesium composites for bioimplants by melt: infiltration casting, powder metallurgy and hot rotary swaging, with a description of the advantages and disadvantages of all three methods. The titanium-magnesium composites were comprehensively evaluated in terms of mechanical properties and degradation behavior. The feasibility of titanium-magnesium composites as bio-implants was reviewed. In addition, the possible future development of titanium-magnesium composites was discussed. Thus, this review aims to build a conceptual and practical toolkit for the design of titanium-magnesium composites capable of local biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifan Bao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenliang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Song Zhang, ; Zhe Yi,
| | - Ningwei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern-University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Yi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Song Zhang, ; Zhe Yi,
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Liu C, Ji Y, Tang J, Otsuka K, Wang Y, Hou M, Hao Y, Ren S, Luo P, Ma T, Wang D, Ren X. A lightweight strain glass alloy showing nearly temperature-independent low modulus and high strength. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1003-1007. [PMID: 35788570 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast development of space technologies poses a strong challenge for elastic materials, which need to be not only lightweight, strong and compliant, but also able to maintain stable elasticity over a wide temperature range1-4. Here we report a lightweight magnesium-scandium strain glass alloy (Mg with 21.3 at.% Sc) that meets this challenge. This alloy is as light (density ~2 g cm-3) and compliant as organic-based materials5-7 like bones and glass fibre reinforced plastics, but in contrast with those materials, it possesses a nearly temperature-independent (or Elinvar-type), ultralow Young's modulus (~20-23 GPa) over a wide temperature range from room temperature down to 123 K; a higher yield strength of ~200-270 MPa; and a long fatigue life of over one million cycles. As a result, it exhibits a relatively high, temperature-independent elastic energy density of ~0.5 kJ kg-1 among known materials at a moderate stress level of 200 MPa. We show that its exceptional properties stem from a strain glass transition, and the Elinvar-type elasticity originates from its moderate elastic softening effect cancelling out the ever-present elastic hardening. Our findings provide insight into designing materials that possess unconventional and technologically important elastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanchao Ji
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jingxian Tang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kazuhiro Otsuka
- Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengrui Hou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanshuang Hao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pu Luo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Ma
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobing Ren
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
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10
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Xu Q, Bai Y, Misra RDK, Hou W, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Li S, Hao Y, Yang R, Li X, Zhang X. Improving Biological Functions of Three-Dimensional Printed Ti2448 Scaffolds by Decoration with Polydopamine and Extracellular Matrices. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:3982-3990. [PMID: 35822695 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) provide important cues for cell proliferation and differentiation in the complex environment, which show a significant influence on cell functions. Herein, cell-derived ECMs were deposited on the polydopamine (PDA)-decorated porous Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448) scaffolds fabricated by the electron beam melting method in order to improve biological functions. The influence of PDA-ECM coatings on cell functions was further investigated. The results demonstrated that the PDA-ECM coating facilitated adhesion, proliferation, and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells on Ti2448 scaffolds. Moreover, Ti2448-PDA-ECM scaffolds promoted osteogenesis differentiation of cells indicated by greater alkaline phosphatase activity and further mineralization, compared to the plain Ti2448 group. Meanwhile, Ti2448-PDA-ECM scaffolds enhanced bone growth after implantation for one month in rabbit femoral bone defects. Our findings suggest that the bioinspired PDA-ECM coating can be implemented on the porous Ti2448 scaffolds, which significantly improve the biological functions of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China.,Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - R Devesh Kumar Misra
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Wentao Hou
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Zhuoqing Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yulin Hao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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11
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Hein M, Lopes Dias NF, Pramanik S, Stangier D, Hoyer KP, Tillmann W, Schaper M. Heat Treatments of Metastable β Titanium Alloy Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:3774. [PMID: 35683075 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alloys, especially β alloys, are favorable as implant materials due to their promising combination of low Young's modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In particular, the low Young's moduli reduce the risk of stress shielding and implant loosening. The processing of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn through laser powder bed fusion is presented. The specimens were heat-treated, and the microstructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile tests. The microstructures reveal a mainly β microstructure with α″ formation for high cooling rates and α precipitates after moderate cooling rates or aging. The as-built and α″ phase containing conditions exhibit a hardness around 225 HV5, yield strengths (YS) from 340 to 490 MPa, ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) around 706 MPa, fracture elongations around 20%, and Young's moduli about 50 GPa. The α precipitates containing conditions reveal a hardness around 297 HV5, YS around 812 MPa, UTS from 871 to 931 MPa, fracture elongations around 12%, and Young's moduli about 75 GPa. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn exhibits, depending on the heat treatment, promising properties regarding the material behavior and the opportunity to tailor the mechanical performance as a low modulus, high strength implant material.
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12
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Tshephe TS, Akinwamide SO, Olevsky E, Olubambi PA. Additive manufacturing of titanium-based alloys- A review of methods, properties, challenges, and prospects. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09041. [PMID: 35299605 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of materials for biomedical, aerospace, and automobile industries has been a significant area of research in recent years. Various metallic materials, including steels, cast iron, nickel-based alloys, and other metals with exceptional mechanical properties, have been reportedly utilized for fabrication in these industries. However, titanium and its alloys have proven to be outstanding due to their enhanced properties. The β-titanium alloys with reduced modulus compared with the human bone have found more usage in the biomedical industry. In contrast, the α and α+β titanium alloys are more utilized to fabricate parts in the automobile and aerospace industries due to their relatively lightweight. Amongst the numerous additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, selective laser and electron beam melting techniques are frequently used for the fabrication of metallic components due to the full densification and high dimensional accuracy they offer. This paper reviews and discusses the different types of AM techniques, attention is also drawn to the properties and challenges associated with additively manufactured titanium -based alloys. The outcome from this study shows that 3D printed titanium and titanium-alloys exhibit huge prospects for various applications in the medical and aerospace industries. Also, laser-assisted 3D technologies were found to be the most effective AM method for achieving enhanced or near-full densification.
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13
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Huang B, Li G, Duan B, Li W, Zhai P, Goddard WA. Order-Tuned Deformability of Bismuth Telluride Semiconductors: An Energy-Dissipation Strategy for Large Fracture Strain. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:57629-57637. [PMID: 34807564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In addition to thermoelectric (TE) performance tuning through defect or strain engineering, progress in mechanical research is of increasing importance to wearable applications of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) TE semiconductors, which are limited by poor deformability. For improving dislocation-controlled deformability, we clarify an order-tuned energy-dissipation strategy that facilitates large deformation through multilayer alternating slippage and stacking fault destabilization. Given that energy dissipation and dislocation motions are governed by van der Waals sacrificial bond (SB) behavior, molecular dynamics simulation is implemented to reveal the relation between the shear deformability and lattice order changes in Bi2Te3 crystals. Using the disorder parameter (D) that is defined according to the configurational energy distribution, the results of strain rates and initial crack effects show how the proper design of the initial structure and external conditions can suppress strain localization that would cause structural failure from the lack of energy dissipation, resulting in large homogeneous deformation of Bi2Te3 nanocrystals. This study uncovers the essence of the tuning mechanism in which highly deformable Bi2Te3 crystals should become disordered as slowly as possible until fracture. This highlights the role of the substructure evolution of SB-defect synergy that facilitates energy dissipation and performance stability during slipping. The disorder parameter D provides a bridge between micro/local mechanics and fracture strain, hinting at the possible mechanical improvement of Bi2Te3 semiconductors for designing flexible TE devices through order tuning and energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Engineering Structure and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Engineering Structure and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Engineering Structure and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Engineering Structure and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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14
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Tang Z, Wei X, Li T, Wu H, Xiao X, Hao Y, Li S, Hou W, Shi L, Li X, Guo Z. Three-Dimensionally Printed Ti2448 With Low Stiffness Enhanced Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization via Piezo1/YAP Signaling Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750948. [PMID: 34869337 PMCID: PMC8634253 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that the novel low-elastic-modulus Ti2448 alloy can significantly reduce stress shielding and contribute to better bone repair than the conventional Ti6Al4V alloy. In this study, the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis by three-dimensionally printed Ti2448 were also observed in vivo. However, these were not significant in a series of in vitro tests. The stiffness of materials has been reported to greatly affect the response of macrophages, and the immunological regulation mediated by macrophages directly determines the fate of bone implants. Therefore, we designed more experiments to explore the role of three-dimensionally printed Ti2448 in macrophage activation and related osteogenesis and angiogenesis. As expected, we found a significant increase in the number of M2 macrophages around Ti2448 implants, as well as better osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. In vitro studies also showed that macrophages pre-treated with Ti2448 alloy significantly promoted angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation through increased PDGF-BB and BMP-2 secretion, and the polarization of M2 macrophages was enhanced. We deduced that Ti2448 promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis through Piezo1/YAP signaling axis-mediated macrophage polarization and related cytokine secretion. This research might provide insight into the biological properties of Ti2448 and provide a powerful theoretical supplement for the future application of three-dimensionally printed Ti2448 implants in orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinghui Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulin Hao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China
| | - Wentao Hou
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Kong W, Cox SC, Lu Y, Villapun V, Xiao X, Ma W, Liu M, Attallah MM. The influence of zirconium content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of in-situ alloying Ti-Nb-Ta based β alloys processed by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 131:112486. [PMID: 34857272 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates Ti-Nb-Ta based β alloys with different zirconium additions (0, 5, 9 wt%) manufactured by SLM. A low level of as-fabricated defects is obtained: the relative density of TNT (Z) alloys is >99.97% with the keyhole size in a range of 3-20 μm. BF TEM images combining SAD patterns of TNT(Z) alloys show single β phase obtained inside the beta matrix; BF-STEM images reveal potential nano-scale grain boundary alpha phase precipitation. Zirconium functions as a neutral element in these high β-stabilized Ti-Nb-Ta based alloys. An increase in Vickers hardness and UTS caused by zirconium additions is observed, which is explained by beta grain refinement because higher degree of undercooling occurs. Corrosion ions of TNT(Z) alloys released from immersion testing at each time intervals show extremely small concentrations (<10 μg/L). It indicated that good biocompatibility during culture with the negligible corrosion ions. High strength-to-modulus ratio β Ti alloys together with excellent biological response show their prospect for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Kong
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victor Villapun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xiaoling Xiao
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou 510651, PR China
| | - Wenyou Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology, The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology, Guangdong Institute of New Materials, Guangzhou 510651, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology, The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology, Guangdong Institute of New Materials, Guangzhou 510651, PR China.
| | - Moataz M Attallah
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
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16
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Wang Q, Zhang W, Li S, Tong M, Hou W, Wang H, Hao Y, Harrison NM, Yang R. Material Characterisation and Computational Thermal Modelling of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Ti2448 Titanium Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7359. [PMID: 34885511 PMCID: PMC8658374 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448) is a metastable β-type titanium alloy developed for biomedical applications. In this work, cylindrical samples of Ti2448 alloy have been successfully manufactured by using the electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) technique. The thermal history and microstructure of manufactured samples are characterised using computational and experimental methods. To analyse the influence of thermal history on the microstructure of materials, the thermal process of PBF-EB has been computationally predicted using the layer-by-layer modelling method. The microstructure of the Ti2448 alloy mainly includes β phase and a small amount of α″ phase. By comparing the experimental results of material microstructure with the computational modelling results of material thermal history, it can be seen that aging time and aging temperature lead to the variation of α″ phase content in manufactured samples. The computational modelling proves to be an effective tool that can help experimentalists to understand the influence of macroscopic processes on material microstructural evolution and hence potentially optimise the process parameters of PBF-EB to eliminate or otherwise modify such microstructural gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Wang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.W.); (W.H.); (H.W.); (R.Y.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenyou Zhang
- I-Form, SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Ireland; (W.Z.); (N.M.H.)
- Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.W.); (W.H.); (H.W.); (R.Y.)
| | - Mingming Tong
- I-Form, SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Ireland; (W.Z.); (N.M.H.)
- Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Wentao Hou
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.W.); (W.H.); (H.W.); (R.Y.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.W.); (W.H.); (H.W.); (R.Y.)
| | - Yulin Hao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.W.); (W.H.); (H.W.); (R.Y.)
| | - Noel M. Harrison
- I-Form, SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Ireland; (W.Z.); (N.M.H.)
- Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (Q.W.); (W.H.); (H.W.); (R.Y.)
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17
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MOHAMMED S, DAĞDELEN F, QADER IN. Effect of Ta content on Microstructure and Phase Transformation Temperatures of Ti75.5-Nb25.5 (%at.) Alloy. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.947678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Hang X, Liu X, Hu Y, Jiao Y, Wu L. Zeolite Socony Mobil-Five Coating on Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn Promotes Biocompatibility and Osteogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:5529368. [PMID: 34368350 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of a Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) coating on a Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn (Ti-2448) surface. ZSM-5-modified Ti-2448 (ZSM-5/Ti-2448) and Ti-2448 (control) groups were employed. The physical and chemical properties of the two types of samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and contact angle methods. The surface of the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was rougher than that of the original Ti-2448, while the contact angle of the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was smaller than that of Ti-2448. In addition, the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 largely increased the specific surface area and introduced silanol groups. A bone-like apatite layer could be formed on the surface of ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after 14 days of incubation in a simulated body fluid. ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was not cytotoxic. The number and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts on ZSM-5/Ti-2448 were significantly higher than those on Ti-2448 surfaces, obtained in vitro using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and ALP activity assays. Few inflammatory cells were observed around ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after insertion into the femurs of Japanese white rabbits after 4, 12, and 26 weeks through hematoxylin-eosin staining. The average gray scale of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on ZSM-5/Ti-2448 peaked earlier than that on Ti-2448, according to immunohistochemical staining. These results indicate that ZSM-5/Ti-2448 has a good biocompatibility and improved early osteogenic potential compared to a noncoated Ti-2448.
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19
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Arias-gonzález F, Rodríguez-contreras A, Punset M, Manero JM, Barro Ó, Fernández-arias M, Lusquiños F, Gil FJ, Pou J. In-Situ Laser Directed Energy Deposition of Biomedical Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys from Elemental Powders. Metals 2021; 11:1205. [DOI: 10.3390/met11081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to achieve the required properties of titanium implants, more resources and research are needed to turn into reality the dream of developing the perfect implant material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the Laser Directed Energy Deposition to produce biomedical Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb alloys from elemental powders (Ti, Nb and Zr). The Laser Directed Energy Deposition is an additive manufacturing process used to build a component by delivering energy and material simultaneously. The material is supplied in the form of particles or wire and a laser beam is employed to melt material that is selectively deposited on a specified surface, where it solidifies. Samples with different compositions are characterized to analyze their morphology, microstructure, constituent phases, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility. Laser-deposited Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb alloys show no relevant defects, such as pores or cracks. Titanium alloys with lower elastic modulus and a significantly higher hardness than Ti grade 2 were generated, therefore a better wear resistance could be expected from them. Moreover, their corrosion resistance is excellent due to the formation of a stable passive protective oxide film on the surface of the material; in addition, they also possess outstanding cytocompatibility.
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20
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Nocivin A, Raducanu D, Vasile B, Trisca-Rusu C, Cojocaru EM, Dan A, Irimescu R, Cojocaru VD. Tailoring a Low Young Modulus for a Beta Titanium Alloy by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3467. [PMID: 34206466 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present paper analyzed the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O alloy of β-Ti type obtained by combining severe plastic deformation (SPD), for which the total reduction was of εtot = 90%, with two variants of super-transus solution treatment (ST). The objective was to obtain a low Young's modulus with sufficient high strength in purpose to use the alloy as a biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The microstructure analysis was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations. The analyzed mechanical properties reveal promising values for yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of about 770 and 1100 MPa, respectively, with a low value of Young's modulus of about 48-49 GPa. The conclusion is that satisfactory mechanical properties for this type of alloy can be obtained if considering a proper combination of SPD + ST parameters and a suitable content of β-stabilizing alloying elements, especially the Zr/Nb ratio.
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21
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Zhu L, Liang H, Lv F, Xie D, Wang C, Mao Y, Yang Y, Tian Z, Shen L. Design and Compressive Fatigue Properties of Irregular Porous Scaffolds for Orthopedics Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1663-1672. [PMID: 33682413 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An irregular porous structure plays a major role in bone tissue engineering, and it is more suitable for bone tissue growth than a regular porous structure. The response surface method was used to establish a relationship between the average pore size and the design parameters. The technology of selective laser melting was utilized to fabricate the porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds with an irregularity of (0.4) and porosities of (70, 80, and 90%) designed using the Voronoi-tessellation method. Compression tests of porous scaffolds showed an elastic modulus range of 0.84-1.97 GPa and an ultimate strength ranging within 21.0-99.1 MPa. The elastic modulus was mainly influenced by the porosity and heat-treatment process. Furthermore, the fatigue test results suggested that the number of cycles (9 × 104 to 1.8 × 106) was greatly influenced by the porosity and heat-treatment process. The heat treatment of annealing greatly improved the fatigue performance of porous scaffolds. The irregular porous scaffolds with lower porosity and after full annealing exhibited the best fatigue behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.,Suzhou Yunzhi Medical Technology Company, Ltd., Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Huixin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Lv
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Deqiao Xie
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- Department of Engineering and Design, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Yuyi Mao
- National Center of Supervision and Inspection on Additive Manufacturing Products Quality, Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Youwen Yang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zongjun Tian
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Lida Shen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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Rossi MC, Bayerlein DL, Brandão JDS, Pfeifer JPH, Rosa GDS, Silva WDM, Martinez LG, Saeki MJ, Alves ALG. Physical and biological characterizations of TiNbSn/(Mg) system produced by powder metallurgy for use as prostheses material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104260. [PMID: 33484993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Titanium scaffolds with non-toxic β stabilizing elements (Nb and Sn), Ti-34Nb-6Sn (TNS), and with magnesium as spacer (TNS/M), were processed by powder metallurgy, and sintered at 800 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that materials are biphasic alloys, presenting 45 to 42% (wt %) in hcp (α-phase) and the rest is bcc (β-phase), and the presence of a slight peak relating to TiO2 in both materials. Pores of approximately 50 μm for TNS and 300 μm to TNS/M were observed in the micrographic analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wettability was higher for TNS/M compared to TNS. The elastic modulus was higher for TNS compared to TNS/M. Stem cells derived from equine bone marrow (BMMSCs) were used for in vitro assays. The morphologic and adhesion evaluation after 72 h, carried out by direct contact assay with the materials showed that the BMMSCs were anchored and adhered to the porous scaffolds, in the way the cytoplasmic extension was observed. The cellular migration, using the "wound healing" method, was significant for the groups treated with conditioned medium with materials in 24 h. Osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, assessed by calcium deposition and staining with Alizarin Red, was greater in the conditioned medium with TNS/M in 10 days of culture. Since the biological effects was good and the elastic modulus decreased in the system with magnesium is a promising new content titanium alloy for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Correa Rossi
- São Paulo State University, Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Leal Bayerlein
- Materials Science and Technology Centre, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) and Technological Research Institute (IPT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline de Souza Brandão
- São Paulo State University, Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Pedro Hübbe Pfeifer
- São Paulo State University, Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Dos Santos Rosa
- São Paulo State University, Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - William de Melo Silva
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biotechnology, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis Gallego Martinez
- Materials Science and Technology Centre, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária - USP - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Margarida Juri Saeki
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences (IBB), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- São Paulo State University, Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Maksimkin AV, Senatov FS, Niaza K, Dayyoub T, Kaloshkin SD. Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Titanium-Hybrid Implant for Bone-Defect Replacement. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E3010. [PMID: 32640623 PMCID: PMC7372421 DOI: 10.3390/ma13133010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid implant with a structure mimicking that of natural bone was developed. Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V prepared with three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology was used to simulate the cortical-bone layer. The mismatch in the mechanical properties of bone and titanium alloy was solved by creating special perforations in the titanium's surface. Porous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with high osteogenous properties was used to simulate the cancellous-bone tissue. A method for creating a porous UHMWPE structure inside the titanium reinforcement is proposed. The porous UHMWPE was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm that the pores that formed were open, interconnected, and between 50 and 850 μm in size. Mechanical-compression tests done on the obtained UHMWPE/titanium-hybrid-implant samples showed that their mechanical properties simulated those of natural bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V. Maksimkin
- Laboratory of Hybrid Nanostructured Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (K.N.); (T.D.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Fedor S. Senatov
- Center of Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (K.N.); (T.D.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Kirill Niaza
- Center of Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (K.N.); (T.D.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Tarek Dayyoub
- Center of Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (K.N.); (T.D.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Sergey D. Kaloshkin
- Center of Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (K.N.); (T.D.); (S.D.K.)
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Liu X, Niu Y, Xie W, Wei D, Du Q. Comparative investigations of in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of titanium vs. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy before and after sandblasting and acid etching. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23582-23591. [PMID: 35517345 PMCID: PMC9054740 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To avoid the failure of clinical surgery due to "stress shielding" and the loosening of an implant, a new type of alloy, Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (TNZS), with a low Young's modulus acted as a new implant material in this work. Meanwhile, the surface characteristics, MC3T3-E1 cell behavior and in vivo osseointegration of the titanium and TNZS before and after sandblasting and acid etching were studied comparatively. TNZS and Ti had the same microstructure based on the transmission electron microscopy results. Meanwhile, the TNZS alloy had a lower Young's modulus and surface nanohardness compared with pure titanium. However, the corrosion resistance of Ti was better than that of the TNZS sample in simulated body fluid solution. In addition, the TNZS alloy after sandblasting and acid etching (SLATNZS) had excellent cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, ALP activity and in vivo osseointegration ability such as there being almost no soft tissue as compared with other implants. Based on the current results, the new type of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy showed good potential and promising application prospects in its biochemical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yumei Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Weili Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Daqing Wei
- Harbin Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Qing Du
- Harbin Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
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Zhan X, Li S, Cui Y, Tao A, Wang C, Li H, Zhang L, Yu H, Jiang J, Li C. Comparison of the osteoblastic activity of low elastic modulus Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy and pure titanium modified by physical and chemical methods. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 113:111018. [PMID: 32487417 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448) alloy is a novel low elastic modulus β-titanium alloy without toxic elements. It also has the advantage of high strength, so it has potential application prospects for implantation. To develop its osteogenic effects, it can be modified by electrochemical, and physical processes. The main research aim of this study was to explore the bioactivity of Ti2448 alloy modified by sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA), micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and anodic oxidation (AO), and to determine which of the three surface modifications is the best way for developing the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). In vitro studies, the cytoskeleton, focal adhesion and proliferation of BMMSCs showed that both pure titanium and Ti2448 alloy have good biocompatibility. The osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs with the Ti2448 alloy were examined by detecting alkaline phosphatase (ALP), mineralization nodules and osteogenic proteins and were better than that with pure titanium. These results showed that the Ti2448 alloy treated by SLA has a better effect on osteogenesis than pure titanium, and AO is the best way of three surface treatments to improve osteogenesis in this study.
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Cai J, Shao X, Yang Q, Yang Y, Yan Z, Luo E, Feng X, Jing D. Pulsed electromagnetic fields modify the adverse effects of glucocorticoids on bone architecture, bone strength and porous implant osseointegration by rescuing bone-anabolic actions. Bone 2020; 133:115266. [PMID: 32044333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term glucocorticoid therapy is known to induce increased bone fragility and impaired skeletal regeneration potential. Growing evidence suggests that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) can accelerate fracture healing and increase bone mass both experimentally and clinically. However, how glucocorticoid-treated bone and bone cells respond to PEMF stimulation remains poorly understood. Here we tested the effects of PEMF on bone quantity/quality, bone metabolism, and porous implant osseointegration in rabbits treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day, 6 weeks). The micro-CT, histologic and nanoindentation results showed that PEMF ameliorated the glucocorticoid-mediated deterioration of cancellous and cortical bone architecture and intrinsic material properties. Utilizing the new porous titanium implant (Ti2448) with low toxicity and low elastic modulus, we found that PEMF stimulated bone ingrowth into the pores of implants and enhanced peri-implant bone material quality during osseous defect repair in glucocorticoid-treated rabbits. Dynamic histomorphometric results revealed that PEMF reversed the adverse effects of glucocorticoids on bone formation, which was confirmed by increased circulating osteocalcin and P1NP. PEMF also significantly attenuated osteocyte apoptosis, promoted osteoblast-related osteocalcin, Runx2 and Osx expression, and inhibited osteocyte-specific DKK1 and Sost expression (negative regulators of osteoblasts) in glucocorticoid-treated skeletons, revealing improved functional activities of osteoblasts and osteocytes. Nevertheless, PEMF exerted no effect on circulating bone-resorbing cytokines (serum TRAcP5b and CTX-1) or skeletal gene expression of osteoclast-specific markers (TRAP and cathepsin K). PEMF also significantly upregulated skeletal gene expression of canonical Wnt ligands (Wnt1, Wnt3a and Wnt10b), whereas PEMF did not alter non-canonical Wnt5a expression. This study demonstrates that PEMF treatment improves bone mass, strength and porous implant osseointegration in glucocorticoid-treated rabbits by promoting potent bone-anabolic action, which is associated with canonical Wnt-mediated improvement in osteoblast and osteocyte functions. This study provides a new treatment alternative for glucocorticoid-related bone disorders in a convenient and non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuju Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Zareidoost A, Yousefpour M. A study on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the new as-cast TZNT alloys for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 110:110725. [PMID: 32204036 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, four different TZNT based alloys, (Ti55Zr25Nb10Ta10, (Ti55Zr25Nb10Ta10)99.5Fe0.5, (Ti55Zr25Nb10Ta10)98Sn2, and (Ti55Zr25Nb10Ta10)98.5Ag1.5, (at. %), designated TZNT, TZNT-Fe, TZNT-Sn, TZNT-Ag, respectively) are produced by non-consumable vacuum arc melting and suction casting. These alloys using the d-electron alloy design method and considering the criteria of [Mo]eq and (e/a) ratio for β-phase Ti alloys are designed. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the alloys are investigated via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, and electrochemical tests. The designed alloys exhibit dendritic morphology, however, the TZNT-Ag alloy indicates a more homogenous microstructure after suction casting. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal not only the beta phase in the TZNT, TZNT-Fe, and TZNT-Ag alloys, but also beta lean/beta rich separation in the TZNT-Sn alloy. In addition to the microstructural features, the new TZNT alloys show very high ductility upon cold compressive deformation, as well as the lowest Young's modulus (65.54±1.7 GPa, P<0.05) is achieved in TZNT-Ag alloy. Furthermore, the compressive yield stress to Young's modulus (Ycys/E) ratio of the designed alloys is in the range of 0.92-1.08%. In terms of corrosion behavior, Ag increases the corrosion resistance of the TZNT alloy in Ringer's solution. As a result, owing to the effect of Ag on the optimization of the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the TZNT alloy, the as-cast Ag-containing TZNT alloy can be developed to be a promising candidate for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zareidoost
- Faculty of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mardali Yousefpour
- Faculty of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
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Han F, Wang J, Ding L, Hu Y, Li W, Yuan Z, Guo Q, Zhu C, Yu L, Wang H, Zhao Z, Jia L, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang W, Chu G, Chen S, Li B. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Achievements, Future, and Sustainability in Asia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:83. [PMID: 32266221 PMCID: PMC7105900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring innovative solutions to improve the healthcare of the aging and diseased population continues to be a global challenge. Among a number of strategies toward this goal, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has gradually evolved into a promising approach to meet future needs of patients. TERM has recently received increasing attention in Asia, as evidenced by the markedly increased number of researchers, publications, clinical trials, and translational products. This review aims to give a brief overview of TERM development in Asia over the last decade by highlighting some of the important advances in this field and featuring major achievements of representative research groups. The development of novel biomaterials and enabling technologies, identification of new cell sources, and applications of TERM in various tissues are briefly introduced. Finally, the achievement of TERM in Asia, including important publications, representative discoveries, clinical trials, and examples of commercial products will be introduced. Discussion on current limitations and future directions in this hot topic will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luguang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenquan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhangqin Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianping Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingkang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Genglei Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
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Kim KM, Kim HY, Miyazaki S. Effect of Zr Content on Phase Stability, Deformation Behavior, and Young's Modulus in Ti-Nb-Zr Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13020476. [PMID: 31963854 PMCID: PMC7014103 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ti alloys have attracted continuing research attention as promising biomaterials due to their superior corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. Metastable β-type Ti alloys also provide several unique properties such as low Young’s modulus, shape memory effect, and superelasticity. Such unique properties are predominantly attributed to the phase stability and reversible martensitic transformation. In this study, the effects of the Nb and Zr contents on phase constitution, transformation temperature, deformation behavior, and Young’s modulus were investigated. Ti–Nb and Ti–Nb–Zr alloys over a wide composition range, i.e., Ti–(18–40)Nb, Ti–(15–40)Nb–4Zr, Ti–(16–40)Nb–8Zr, Ti–(15–40)Nb–12Zr, Ti–(12–17)Nb–18Zr, were fabricated and their properties were characterized. The phase boundary between the β phase and the α′′ martensite phase was clarified. The lower limit content of Nb to suppress the martensitic transformation and to obtain a single β phase at room temperature decreased with increasing Zr content. The Ti–25Nb, Ti–22Nb–4Zr, Ti–19Nb–8Zr, Ti–17Nb–12Zr and Ti–14Nb–18Zr alloys exhibit the lowest Young’s modulus among Ti–Nb–Zr alloys with Zr content of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 18 at.%, respectively. Particularly, the Ti–14Nb–18Zr alloy exhibits a very low Young’s modulus less than 40 GPa. Correlation among alloy composition, phase stability, and Young’s modulus was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Min Kim
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan;
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan;
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Shuichi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
- Center of Advanced Innovation Technologies-VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (H.Y.K.); (S.M.)
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30
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Ozan S, Munir K, Biesiekierski A, Ipek R, Li Y, Wen C. Titanium Alloys, Including Nitinol. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li J, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF, van den Beucken JJ. Mechanical aspects of dental implants and osseointegration: A narrative review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 103:103574. [PMID: 32090904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With the need of rapid healing and long-term stability of dental implants, the existing Ti-based implant materials do not meet completely the current expectation of patients. Low elastic modulus Ti-alloys have shown superior biocompatibility and can achieve comparable or even faster bone formation in vivo at the interface of bone and the implant. Porous structured Ti alloys have shown to allow rapid bone ingrowth through their open structure and to achieve anchorage with bone tissue by increasing the bone-implant interface area. In addition to the mechanical properties of implant materials, the design of the implant body can be used to optimize load transfer and affect the ultimate results of osseointegration. The aim of this narrative review is to define the mechanical properties of dental implants, summarize the relationship between implant stability and osseointegration, discuss the effect of metallic implant mechanical properties (e.g. stiffness and porosity) on the bone response based on existing in vitro and in vivo information, and analyze load transfer through mechanical properties of the implant body. This narrative review concluded that although several studies have presented the advantages of low elastic modulus or high porosity alloys and their effect on osseointegration, further in vivo studies, especially long-term observational studies are needed to justify these novel materials as a replacement for current Ti-based implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Li
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, Nijmegen, HB, the Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, Nijmegen, HB, the Netherlands
| | - X Frank Walboomers
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, Nijmegen, HB, the Netherlands
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Trincă LC, Mareci D, Solcan C, Fantanariu M, Burtan L, Vulpe V, Hriţcu LD, Souto RM. RETRACTED: In vitro corrosion resistance and in vivo osseointegration testing of new multifunctional beta-type quaternary TiMoZrTa alloys. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 108:110485. [PMID: 31924054 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of authors. Due to communication issues between Professor dr. Lucia Carmen Trincă and Professor dr. Vizureanu Petrica and Assist. dr. Bălţatu Simona, the first author was not aware that the specimens processed by corrosion by Assoc. Professor dr. Daniel Mareci and evaluated in the aforementioned article would be included by Assistant dr. Bălţatu Simona in her PhD thesis that was defended in June 2017 and then in an international patent application (Indonesia) No: PI 2019006569, in November 2019. The authors understand and respect the intellectual property rights of the international (Indonesia) patent application holders no: PI 2019006569/2019 and thus request the retraction of the article.
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Tan MHC, Baghi AD, Ghomashchi R, Xiao W, Oskouei RH. Effect of niobium content on the microstructure and Young's modulus of Ti-xNb-7Zr alloys for medical implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 99:78-85. [PMID: 31344525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New generation titanium alloys with low elastic moduli are promising materials for medical implants, particularly load-bearing orthopaedic implants. In this paper, the effect of niobium content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of new Ti alloys including Ti-23Nb-7Zr, Ti-28Nb-7Zr and Ti-33Nb-7Zr (wt%) is studied. Ti-23Nb-7Zr was found to mainly form α΄ and α″- phases, while both the Ti-28Nb-7Zr and Ti-33Nb-7Zr consisted of α″ and β-phases with an increased amount of β-phase in the alloy with 33 wt% of Nb. X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses showed that the addition of Nb stabilises the β-phase in the solution treated condition with the depleting amount of α΄ and α″- phases. The hardness and Young's modulus values were highest in Ti-23Nb-7Zr which is attributed to the high fraction of α΄- phase in this alloy. The Young's moduli achieved for the three alloys through nanoindentation were 35.9, 29.1 and 29.0 GPa, respectively. The new alloys are encouraging candidates for orthopaedic implants due to their low elastic modulus which can help inhibit stress shielding, although biocompatibility tests (in-vitro and in-vivo) are suggested for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalen H C Tan
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alireza Dareh Baghi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Reza Ghomashchi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Wenlong Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Reza H Oskouei
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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Brizuela A, Herrero-Climent M, Rios-Carrasco E, Rios-Santos JV, Pérez RA, Manero JM, Gil Mur J. Influence of the Elastic Modulus on the Osseointegration of Dental Implants. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12060980. [PMID: 30934553 PMCID: PMC6472162 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The load transfer from metallic prosthesis to tissue plays an important role in the success of a designed device. From a mechanical behavior point of view, the load transfer will be favored when the elastic modulus between the metallic implant and the bone tissue are similar. Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V are the most commonly used metals and alloys in the field of dental implants, although they present high elastic moduli and hence trigger bone resorption. We propose the use of low-modulus β-type titanium alloys that can improve the growth of new bone surrounding the implant. We designed dental implants with identical morphology and micro-roughness composed of: Ti-15Zr, Ti-19.1Nb-8.8Zr, Ti-41.2Nb-6.1Zr, and Ti-25Hf-25Ta. The commercially pure Ti cp and Ti-6Al-4V were used as control samples. The alloys were initially mechanically characterized with a tensile test using a universal testing machine. The results showed the lowest elastic modulus for the Ti-25Hf-25Ta alloy. We implanted a total of six implants in the mandible (3) and maxilla (3) for each titanium alloy in six minipigs and evaluated their bone index contact (i.e., the percentage of new bone in contact with the metal—BIC%) after 3 and 6 weeks of implantation. The results showed higher BIC% for the dental implants with lowest elastic modulus, showing the importance of decreasing the elastic modulus of alloys for the successful osseointegration of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritza Brizuela
- Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, School of Dentistry, University of Oviedo, 37006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Roman A Pérez
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Maria Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gil Mur
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
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Kwasniak P, Wróbel JS, Garbacz H. Origin of low Young modulus of multicomponent, biomedical Ti alloys - Seeking optimal elastic properties through a first principles investigation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:352-361. [PMID: 30199838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent, biomedical β-Ti alloys offer ultra-low Young modulus values that are related to a unique and poorly understood reduction of C44 and C' elastic constants in comparison with binary systems. The elastic properties of such materials are difficult to control due to the large variations occurring even for a small change in chemical composition, which cannot be explained using existing theories. In this article, we investigate the above issues through systematic ab initio elastic constants calculations for a series of binary, ternary and quaternary Ti alloys. Special attention is paid to examining the reliability of the methodology adopted and to clarifying the atomic scale mechanisms that affect the mechanical properties of the systems analysed. It was found that the lower boundary of the polycrystalline Young modulus of Ti-Nb-base β phase is close to 50 GPa, and strongly depends on two specific electronic hybridisations related to niobium and simple metals addition that control C44 and C'. Based on the relationship established between electronic structure and mechanical properties, we propose several quaternary alloys whose directional <100> Young modulus values are equal or similar to that of human bones. Some electronic-based guidelines for designing new multicomponent β-Ti alloys are also formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kwasniak
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J S Wróbel
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Garbacz
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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Kogure A, Mori Y, Tanaka H, Kamimura M, Masahashi N, Hanada S, Itoi E. Effects of elastic intramedullary nails composed of low Young's modulus Ti-Nb-Sn alloy on healing of tibial osteotomies in rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:700-707. [PMID: 29920923 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intramedullary nailing is widely performed for internal fixation of fractures. The applicable elasticity of materials composing intramedullary nails remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the elastic property of β-type titanium alloy nails on fracture healing compared with conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloy nails using a rabbit tibial osteotomy model. Two types of intramedullary nails composed of β-type Ti-Nb-Sn alloy (Young's modulus: 37 GPa) or Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Young's modulus: 110 GPa) were used for osteotomy fixation in the tibiae of rabbits. At 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and three-point bending tests were performed. Micro-CT images showed that the callus volume was significantly larger in the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy group at 4 and 8 weeks. The callus bone mineral density did not differ at each time point. In mechanical testing, the maximum load was significantly higher at all time points in the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy group. Taken together, the elastic intramedullary nails composed of Ti-Nb-Sn alloy improved the mechanical properties of the bone healing site from the early phase to the remodeling phase. Adequate Young's modulus of the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy enhanced fracture union and bone strength restoration. The Ti-Nb-Sn alloy is a promising biomaterial for fracture fixation devices. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 700-707, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kogure
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidetatsu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kamimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Masahashi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuji Hanada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Gao J, Nutter J, Liu X, Guan D, Huang Y, Dye D, Rainforth WM. Segregation mediated heterogeneous structure in a metastable β titanium alloy with a superior combination of strength and ductility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7512. [PMID: 29760456 PMCID: PMC5951864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In β titanium alloys, the β stabilizers segregate easily and considerable effort has been devoted to alleviate/eliminate the segregation. In this work, instead of addressing the segregation problems, the segregation was utilized to develop a novel microstructure consisting of a nanometre-grained duplex (α+β) structure and micrometre scale β phase with superior mechanical properties. An as-cast Ti-9Mo-6W alloy exhibited segregation of Mo and W at the tens of micrometre scale. This was subjected to cold rolling and flash annealing at 820 oC for 2 and 5 mins. The solidification segregation of Mo and W leads to a locally different microstructure after cold rolling (i.e., nanostructured β phase in the regions rich in Mo and W and plate-like martensite and β phase in regions relatively poor in Mo and W), which play a decisive role in the formation of the heterogeneous microstructure. Tensile tests showed that this alloy exhibited a superior combination of high yield strength (692 MPa), high tensile strength (1115 MPa), high work hardening rate and large uniform elongation (33.5%). More importantly, the new technique proposed in this work could be potentially applicable to other alloy systems with segregation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junheng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Nutter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dikai Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yuhe Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Dye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - W Mark Rainforth
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK.
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Cai J, Li W, Sun T, Li X, Luo E, Jing D. Pulsed electromagnetic fields preserve bone architecture and mechanical properties and stimulate porous implant osseointegration by promoting bone anabolism in type 1 diabetic rabbits. Osteoporos Int 2018. [PMID: 29523929 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effects of exogenous pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation on T1DM-associated osteopathy were investigated in alloxan-treated rabbits. We found that PEMF improved bone architecture, mechanical properties, and porous titanium (pTi) osseointegration by promoting bone anabolism through a canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated mechanism, and revealed the clinical potential of PEMF stimulation for the treatment of T1DM-associated bone complications. INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with deteriorated bone architecture and impaired osseous healing potential; nonetheless, effective methods for resisting T1DM-associated osteopenia/osteoporosis and promoting bone defect/fracture healing are still lacking. PEMF, as a safe and noninvasive method, have proven to be effective for promoting osteogenesis, whereas the potential effects of PEMF on T1DM osteopathy remain poorly understood. METHODS We herein investigated the effects of PEMF stimulation on bone architecture, mechanical properties, bone turnover, and its potential molecular mechanisms in alloxan-treated diabetic rabbits. We also developed novel nontoxic Ti2448 pTi implants with closer elastic modulus with natural bone and investigated the impacts of PEMF on pTi osseointegration for T1DM bone-defect repair. RESULTS The deteriorations of cancellous and cortical bone architecture and tissue-level mechanical strength were attenuated by 8-week PEMF stimulation. PEMF also promoted osseointegration and stimulated more adequate bone ingrowths into the pore spaces of pTi in T1DM long-bone defects. Moreover, T1DM-associated reduction of bone formation was significantly attenuated by PEMF, whereas PEMF exerted no impacts on bone resorption. We also found PEMF-induced activation of osteoblastogenesis-related Wnt/β-catenin signaling in T1DM skeletons, but PEMF did not alter osteoclastogenesis-associated RANKL/RANK signaling gene expression. CONCLUSION We reveal that PEMF improved bone architecture, mechanical properties, and pTi osseointegration by promoting bone anabolism through a canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated mechanism. This study enriches our basic knowledge for understanding skeletal sensitivity in response to external electromagnetic signals, and also opens new treatment alternatives for T1DM-associated osteopenia/osteoporosis and osseous defects in an easy and highly efficient manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/physiopathology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/prevention & control
- Bone Remodeling/physiology
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Implants, Experimental
- Magnetic Field Therapy/methods
- Male
- Osseointegration/physiology
- Porosity
- Rabbits
- Titanium
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/physiology
- X-Ray Microtomography
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-Xianyang New Economic Zone, Xianyang, 712046, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - W Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - T Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - E Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - D Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Liu CF, Lee TH, Liu JF, Hou WT, Li SJ, Hao YL, Pan H, Huang HH. A unique hybrid-structured surface produced by rapid electrochemical anodization enhances bio-corrosion resistance and bone cell responses of β-type Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6623. [PMID: 29700340 PMCID: PMC5920132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448), a new β-type Ti alloy, consists of nontoxic elements and exhibits a low uniaxial tensile elastic modulus of approximately 45 GPa for biomedical implant applications. Nevertheless, the bio-corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Ti2448 alloys must be improved for long-term clinical use. In this study, a rapid electrochemical anodization treatment was used on Ti2448 alloys to enhance the bio-corrosion resistance and bone cell responses by altering the surface characteristics. The proposed anodization process produces a unique hybrid oxide layer (thickness 50-120 nm) comprising a mesoporous outer section and a dense inner section. Experiment results show that the dense inner section enhances the bio-corrosion resistance. Moreover, the mesoporous surface topography, which is on a similar scale as various biological species, improves the wettability, protein adsorption, focal adhesion complex formation and bone cell differentiation. Outside-in signals can be triggered through the interaction of integrins with the mesoporous topography to form the focal adhesion complex and to further induce osteogenic differentiation pathway. These results demonstrate that the proposed electrochemical anodization process for Ti2448 alloys with a low uniaxial tensile elastic modulus has the potential for biomedical implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fei Liu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsin Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fen Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tao Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Lin Hao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Her-Hsiung Huang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Biesiekierski A, Lin J, Munir K, Ozan S, Li Y, Wen C. An investigation of the mechanical and microstructural evolution of a TiNbZr alloy with varied ageing time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5737. [PMID: 29636554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloys comprised of the highly biocompatible elements titanium, niobium and zirconium have been a major focus in recent years in the field of metallic biomaterials. To contribute to the corpus of data in this field, the current paper presents results from a thorough microstructural and mechanical investigation of Ti-32Nb-6Zr subjected to a variety of ageing treatments. The presented alloy was stabilized to the higher temperature, body-centred cubic phase, showing only minimal precipitation on prolonged ageing, despite the presence of nanoscaled spinodal segregation arising from the Nb-Zr interaction. It further showed excellent mechanical properties, with tensile yield stresses as high as 820 MPa and Young’s moduli as low as 53 GPa. This leads to the ratio of strength to modulus, also known as the admissible strain, reaching a maximum of 1.3% after 6 hours ageing. These results are further supported by similar measurements from nanoindentation analysis.
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Pilz S, Geissler D, Calin M, Eckert J, Zimmermann M, Freudenberger J, Gebert A. Thermomechanical processing of In-containing β-type Ti-Nb alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:283-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang S, Huang LJ, An Q, Geng L, Wang XJ, Wang S. Study on titanium-magnesium composites with bicontinuous structure fabricated by powder metallurgy and ultrasonic infiltration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 81:10-15. [PMID: 29475149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Titanium-magnesium (Ti-Mg) composites with bicontinuous structure have been successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy and ultrasonic infiltration for biomaterial potential. In the composites, Ti phase is distributed continuously by sintering necks, while Mg phase is also continuous, distributing at the interconnected pores surrounding the Ti phase. The results showed that the fabricated Ti-Mg composites exhibited low modulus and high strength, which are very suitable for load bearing biomedical materials. The composites with 100 µm and 230 µm particle sizes exhibited Young's modulus of 37.6 GPa and 23.4 GPa, 500.7 MPa and 340 MPa of compressive strength and 631.5 MPa and 375.2 MPa of bending strength, respectively. Moreover, both of the modulus and strength of the composites increase with decreasing of Ti particle sizes. In vitro study has been done for the preliminary evaluation of the Ti-Mg composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - L J Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Q An
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - L Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - X J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - S Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 433, Harbin 150001, PR China
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Qu Y, Zheng S, Dong R, Kang M, Zhou H, Zhao D, Zhao J. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy Pedicle Screw Improves Internal Vertebral Fixation by Reducing Stress-Shielding Effects in a Porcine Model. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:8639648. [PMID: 29581988 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8639648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To ensure the biomechanical properties of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn, stress-shielding effects were compared between Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn and Ti-6Al-4V fixation by using a porcine model. Twelve thoracolumbar spines (T12–L5) of 12-month-old male pigs were randomly divided into two groups: Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (EG, n = 6) and Ti-6Al-4V (RG, n = 6) fixation. Pedicle screw was fixed at the outer edge of L4-5 vertebral holes. Fourteen measuring points were selected on the front of transverse process and middle and posterior of L4-5 vertebra. Electronic universal testing machine was used to measure the strain resistance of measuring points after forward and backward flexion loading of 150 N. Meanwhile, stress resistance was compared between both groups. The strain and stress resistance of measurement points 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10–14 in Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn fixation was lower than that of Ti-6Al-4V fixation after forward and backward flexion loading (P < 0.05). The strain and stress resistance of measurement points 3, 4, 7, and 8 was higher in Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn fixation than that of Ti-6Al-4V fixation (P < 0.05). Stress-shielding effects of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn internal fixation were less than that of Ti-6Al-4V internal fixation. These results suggest that Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn elastic fixation has more biomechanical goals than conventional Ti-6Al-4V internal fixation by reducing stress-shielding effects.
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Ozan S, Lin J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Munir K, Jiang H, Wen C. Deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of a thermomechanically processed β Ti–28Nb–35.4Zr alloy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 78:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jing D, Yan Z, Cai J, Tong S, Li X, Guo Z, Luo E. Low-1 level mechanical vibration improves bone microstructure, tissue mechanical properties and porous titanium implant osseointegration by promoting anabolic response in type 1 diabetic rabbits. Bone 2018; 106:11-21. [PMID: 28982588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with reduced bone mass, increased fracture risk, and impaired bone defect regeneration potential. These skeletal complications are becoming important clinical challenges due to the rapidly increasing T1DM population, which necessitates developing effective treatment for T1DM-associated osteopenia/osteoporosis and bone trauma. This study aims to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV), an easy and non-invasive biophysical method, on bone microstructure, tissue-level mechanical properties and porous titanium (pTi) osseointegration in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Six non-diabetic and twelve alloxan-treated diabetic rabbits were equally assigned to the Control, DM, and DM with WBV stimulation (WBV) groups. A cylindrical drill-hole defect was established on the left femoral lateral condyle of all rabbits and filled with a novel non-toxic Ti2448 pTi. Rabbits in the WBV group were exposed to 1h/day WBV (0.3g, 30Hz) for 8weeks. After sacrifice, the left femoral condyles were harvested for histological, histomorphometric and nanoindentation analyses. The femoral sample with 2-cm height above the defect was used for qRT-PCR analysis. The right distal femora were scanned with μCT. We found that all alloxan-treated rabbits exhibited hyperglycemia throughout the experimental period. WBV inhibited the deterioration of cancellous and cortical bone architecture and tissue-level mechanical properties via μCT, histological and nanoindentation examinations. T1DM-induced reduction of bone formation was inhibited by WBV, as evidenced by elevated serum OCN and increased mineral apposition rate (MAR), whereas no alteration was observed in bone resorption marker TRACP5b. WBV also stimulated more adequate ingrowths of mineralized bone tissue into pTi pore spaces, and improved peri-implant bone tissue-level mechanical properties and MAR in T1DM bone defects. WBV mitigated the reductions in femoral BMP2, OCN, Wnt3a, Lrp6, and β-catenin and inhibited Sost mRNA expression but did not alter RANKL or RANK gene expression in T1DM rabbits. Our findings demonstrated that WBV improved bone architecture, tissue-level mechanical properties, and pTi osseointegration by promoting canonical Wnt signaling-mediated skeletal anabolic response. This study not only advances our understanding of T1DM skeletal sensitivity in response to external mechanical cues but also offers new treatment alternatives for T1DM-associated osteopenia/osteoporosis and osseous defects in an economic and highly efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Shichao Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Murr L. Open-cellular metal implant design and fabrication for biomechanical compatibility with bone using electron beam melting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 76:164-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Bahl S, Das S, Suwas S, Chatterjee K. Engineering the next-generation tin containing β titanium alloys with high strength and low modulus for orthopedic applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 78:124-133. [PMID: 29156291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Metastable β Ti alloys are the new emerging class of biomaterial for load bearing orthopedic applications. However, these alloys in the single β phase microstructure have insufficient strength for use in load bearing applications. It is imperative to strengthen these alloys by carefully designed thermo-mechanical processing routes that typically involve aging treatment. In this investigation two newly designed Sn based β Ti alloys of composition Ti-32Nb-(2, 4) Sn are evaluated. The effects of Sn content on the mechanical properties and biological performance of these alloys processed through designed thermo-mechanical processing route are investigated. The increase in the Sn content led to a reduction in the elastic modulus of the alloy. An increase in the Sn content increased the aspect ratio of the α precipitates, which led to a significant strengthening in the alloy while keeping the elastic modulus low. In addition, the corrosion behavior of the alloy was evaluated in simulated body fluid. The Sn containing β alloys have an excellent corrosion resistance as desired for an implant material. The corrosion resistance improved with an increase in Sn content. These alloys were also observed to have excellent cytocompatibility as they not only supported the attachment and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells but also their osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The combination of high strength, low elastic modulus, superior corrosion resistance and biocompatibility underscores the promise of Sn containing β Ti alloys for use in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bahl
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suvam Das
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Satyam Suwas
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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49
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Stráský J, Harcuba P, Václavová K, Horváth K, Landa M, Srba O, Janeček M. Increasing strength of a biomedical Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy by alloying with Fe, Si and O. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:329-336. [PMID: 28399493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low-modulus biomedical beta titanium alloys often suffer from low strength which limits their use as load-bearing orthopaedic implants. In this study, twelve different Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta based alloys alloyed with Fe, Si and O additions were prepared by arc melting and hot forging. The lowest elastic modulus (65GPa) was achieved in the benchmark TNTZ alloy consisting only of pure β phase with low stability due to the 'proximity' to the β to α'' martensitic transformation. Alloying by Fe and O significantly increased elastic modulus, which correlates with the electrons per atom ratio (e/a). Sufficient amount of Fe/O leads to increased yield stress, increased elongation to fracture and also to work hardening during deformation. A 20% increase in strength and a 20% decrease in the elastic modulus when compared to the common Ti-6Al-4V alloy was achieved in TNTZ-Fe-Si-O alloys, which proved to be suitable for biomedical use due to their favorable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Stráský
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Harcuba
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Václavová
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Horváth
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Landa
- Institute of Thermomechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejskova 5, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Srba
- Structural and system diagnostic, Research Centre Rez, Hlavni 130, Husinec-Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Janeček
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Mussot-Hoinard G, Elmay W, Peltier L, Laheurte P. Fatigue performance evaluation of a Nickel-free titanium-based alloy for biomedical application - Effect of thermomechanical treatments. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:32-42. [PMID: 28259783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, structural fatigue experiments were performed on a Ti-26Nb alloy subjected to different thermomechanical treatments: a severe cold rolling, a solution treatment and two aging treatments at low-temperature conducted after cold rolling in order to optimize the kinetics of precipitation. The aim is to investigate the effect of microstructural refinement obtained by these processes on fatigue performances. Preliminary tensile tests were performed on each state and analyzed in terms of the microstructure documented by using X-Ray diffraction and TEM analysis. These tests clearly promote the short-time-aged cold-rolled state with a fine α and ω phases precipitation. An interesting balance between mechanical properties such as high strength and low Young's modulus has been obtained. Cyclic bending tests were carried out in air at 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% imposed strain amplitudes. At low straining amplitude, where the fatigue performances are at their best, the cold-rolled state does not break at 3×106 cycles and the long-time aged precipitation hardened state seems to be a good competitor compared to the cold-rolled state. All failure characteristics are documented by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs and analyzed in term of microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mussot-Hoinard
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3 UMR CNRS 7239), Université de Lorraine, île du Saulcy, 57045 Metz Cedex, France.
| | - W Elmay
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3 UMR CNRS 7239), Université de Lorraine, île du Saulcy, 57045 Metz Cedex, France
| | - L Peltier
- ENSAM, 4 Rue Augustin Fresnel, 57070 Metz, France
| | - P Laheurte
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3 UMR CNRS 7239), Université de Lorraine, île du Saulcy, 57045 Metz Cedex, France
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