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Drygiannakis I, Kolios G, Filidou E, Bamias G, Valatas V. Intestinal Stromal Cells in the Turmoil of Inflammation and Defective Connective Tissue Remodeling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1604-1618. [PMID: 38581412 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In steady state, intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts form a thin layer below the basement membrane. Unlike the rest of the stromal cells in the lamina propria, they express tensile proteins, guide epithelial regeneration, and sense luminal microbiota. Upon inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they express activation markers, accept trophic signaling by infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, and are activated by cytokines from helper T cells to produce a narrow spectrum of cytokines and a wider spectrum of chemokines, attract cells of innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrate inflammatory responses, and qualitatively and quantitatively modify the extracellular matrix. Thus, beyond being structural tissue components, they assume active roles in the pathogenesis of complicated IBD. Discrimination between myofibroblasts and fibroblasts may be an oversimplification in light of single-cell sequencing data unveiling the complexity of multiple phenotypes of stromal cells with distinct roles and plasticity. Spatial transcriptomics revealed distinct phenotypes by histologic localization and, more intriguingly, the assembly of mucosal neighborhoods that support spatially distinct functions. Current IBD treatments target inflammation but fail in fibrostenotic or fistulizing disease. Baseline and recent findings on stromal cells, molecules, and pathways involved in disrupted extracellular matrix homeostasis are reviewed to provide relevant pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Third Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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2
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Xin R. Inflammatory Gene Panel Guiding the Study of Genetics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:389-401. [PMID: 38635139 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disease that develops through a sequence of molecular events that are still poorly defined. This process is driven by a multitude of context-dependent genes that play different roles based on their environment. The complexity and multi-faceted nature of these genes make it difficult to study the genetic basis of IBD. The goal of this article is to review the key genes in the pathophysiology of IBD and highlight new technology that can be used in further research. This paper examines Nanostring RNA probe technology, which uses tissue analyzed without the use of enzymes, transcription, or amplification. Nanostring offers several panels of genes to test, including an inflammation panel of 234 genes. This article analyzes this panel and reviews the literature for each gene's effect in IBD for use as a framework to review the pathophysiology of the disease. The panel was narrowed to 26 genes with significant evidence of mechanistic potential in IBD, which were then categorized into specific areas of pathogenesis. These include gut barrier breakdown, inappropriate recognition of commensal bacteria, immune cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine release, and subsequent impairment of the anti-inflammatory response. The eventual goal of this paper is the creation of a customized panel of IBD genes that can be used to better understand the genetic mechanism of IBD and aid in the development of future therapies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Xin
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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3
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Xin S, Liu X, He C, Gao H, Wang B, Hua R, Gao L, Shang H, Sun F, Xu J. Inflammation accelerating intestinal fibrosis: from mechanism to clinic. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:335. [PMID: 38890719 PMCID: PMC11184829 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a prevalent complication of IBD that that can frequently be triggered by prolonged inflammation. Fibrosis in the gut can cause a number of issues, which continue as an ongoing challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The primary causes of intestinal fibrosis are soluble molecules, G protein-coupled receptors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal or endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the gut microbiota. Fresh perspectives coming from in vivo and in vitro experimental models demonstrate that fibrogenic pathways might be different, at least to some extent, independent of the ones that influence inflammation. Understanding the distinctive procedures of intestinal fibrogenesis should provide a realistic foundation for targeting and blocking specific fibrogenic pathways, estimating the risk of fibrotic consequences, detecting early fibrotic alterations, and eventually allowing therapy development. Here, we first summarize the inflammatory and non-inflammatory components of fibrosis, and then we elaborate on the underlying mechanism associated with multiple cytokines in fibrosis, providing the framework for future clinical practice. Following that, we discuss the relationship between modernization and disease, as well as the shortcomings of current studies. We outline fibrosis diagnosis and therapy, as well as our recommendations for the future treatment of intestinal fibrosis. We anticipate that the global review will provides a wealth of fresh knowledge and suggestions for future fibrosis clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Clinical Medical College, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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4
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Narros-Fernández P, Chomanahalli Basavarajappa S, Walsh PT. Interleukin-1 family cytokines at the crossroads of microbiome regulation in barrier health and disease. FEBS J 2024; 291:1849-1869. [PMID: 37300849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding how the microbiome can influence both the physiology and the pathogenesis of disease in humans have highlighted the importance of gaining a deeper insight into the complexities of the host-microbial dialogue. In tandem with this progress, has been a greater understanding of the biological pathways which regulate both homeostasis and inflammation at barrier tissue sites, such as the skin and the gut. In this regard, the Interleukin-1 family of cytokines, which can be segregated into IL-1, IL-18 and IL-36 subfamilies, have emerged as important custodians of barrier health and immunity. With established roles as orchestrators of various inflammatory diseases in both the skin and intestine, it is now becoming clear that IL-1 family cytokine activity is not only directly influenced by external microbes, but can also play important roles in shaping the composition of the microbiome at barrier sites. This review explores the current knowledge surrounding the evidence that places these cytokines as key mediators at the interface between the microbiome and human health and disease at the skin and intestinal barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Narros-Fernández
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, CHI Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Shrikanth Chomanahalli Basavarajappa
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, CHI Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Walsh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, CHI Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
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5
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Emanuel E, Arifuzzaman M, Artis D. Epithelial-neuronal-immune cell interactions: Implications for immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis at mucosal sites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1169-1180. [PMID: 38369030 PMCID: PMC11070312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract and intestine provides a critical physical barrier to protect host tissues against environmental insults, including dietary antigens, allergens, chemicals, and microorganisms. In addition, specialized epithelial cells communicate directly with hematopoietic and neuronal cells. These epithelial-immune and epithelial-neuronal interactions control host immune responses and have important implications for inflammatory conditions associated with defects in the epithelial barrier, including asthma, allergy, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we discuss emerging research that identifies the mechanisms and impact of epithelial-immune and epithelial-neuronal cross talk in regulating immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis at mucosal barrier surfaces. Understanding the regulation and impact of these pathways could provide new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Emanuel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mohammad Arifuzzaman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, New York, NY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
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6
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Amar D, Gay NR, Jean-Beltran PM, Bae D, Dasari S, Dennis C, Evans CR, Gaul DA, Ilkayeva O, Ivanova AA, Kachman MT, Keshishian H, Lanza IR, Lira AC, Muehlbauer MJ, Nair VD, Piehowski PD, Rooney JL, Smith KS, Stowe CL, Zhao B, Clark NM, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Many GM, Sanford JA, Smith GR, Vetr NG, Zhang T, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Avila-Pacheco J, Bararpour N, Ge Y, Hou Z, Marwaha S, Presby DM, Natarajan Raja A, Savage EM, Steep A, Sun Y, Wu S, Zhen J, Bodine SC, Esser KA, Goodyear LJ, Schenk S, Montgomery SB, Fernández FM, Sealfon SC, Snyder MP, Adkins JN, Ashley E, Burant CF, Carr SA, Clish CB, Cutter G, Gerszten RE, Kraus WE, Li JZ, Miller ME, Nair KS, Newgard C, Ortlund EA, Qian WJ, Tracy R, Walsh MJ, Wheeler MT, Dalton KP, Hastie T, Hershman SG, Samdarshi M, Teng C, Tibshirani R, Cornell E, Gagne N, May S, Bouverat B, Leeuwenburgh C, Lu CJ, Pahor M, Hsu FC, Rushing S, Walkup MP, Nicklas B, Rejeski WJ, Williams JP, Xia A, Albertson BG, Barton ER, Booth FW, Caputo T, Cicha M, De Sousa LGO, Farrar R, Hevener AL, Hirshman MF, Jackson BE, Ke BG, Kramer KS, Lessard SJ, Makarewicz NS, Marshall AG, Nigro P, Powers S, Ramachandran K, Rector RS, Richards CZT, Thyfault J, Yan Z, Zang C, Amper MAS, Balci AT, Chavez C, Chikina M, Chiu R, Gritsenko MA, Guevara K, Hansen JR, Hennig KM, Hung CJ, Hutchinson-Bunch C, Jin CA, Liu X, Maner-Smith KM, Mani DR, Marjanovic N, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Moore SG, Mundorff CC, Nachun D, Nestor MD, Nudelman G, Pearce C, Petyuk VA, Pincas H, Ramos I, Raskind A, Rirak S, Robbins JM, Rubenstein AB, Ruf-Zamojski F, Sagendorf TJ, Seenarine N, Soni T, Uppal K, Vangeti S, Vasoya M, Vornholt A, Yu X, Zaslavsky E, Zebarjadi N, Bamman M, Bergman BC, Bessesen DH, Buford TW, Chambers TL, Coen PM, Cooper D, Haddad F, Gadde K, Goodpaster BH, Harris M, Huffman KM, Jankowski CM, Johannsen NM, Kohrt WM, Lester B, Melanson EL, Moreau KL, Musi N, Newton RL, Radom-Aizik S, Ramaker ME, Rankinen T, Rasmussen BB, Ravussin E, Schauer IE, Schwartz RS, Sparks LM, Thalacker-Mercer A, Trappe S, Trappe TA, Volpi E. Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training. Nature 2024; 629:174-183. [PMID: 38693412 PMCID: PMC11062907 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood1-3. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium4 profiled the temporal transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, phosphoproteome, acetylproteome, ubiquitylproteome, epigenome and immunome in whole blood, plasma and 18 solid tissues in male and female Rattus norvegicus over eight weeks of endurance exercise training. The resulting data compendium encompasses 9,466 assays across 19 tissues, 25 molecular platforms and 4 training time points. Thousands of shared and tissue-specific molecular alterations were identified, with sex differences found in multiple tissues. Temporal multi-omic and multi-tissue analyses revealed expansive biological insights into the adaptive responses to endurance training, including widespread regulation of immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways. Many changes were relevant to human health, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular health and tissue injury and recovery. The data and analyses presented in this study will serve as valuable resources for understanding and exploring the multi-tissue molecular effects of endurance training and are provided in a public repository ( https://motrpac-data.org/ ).
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7
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Rieder F, Mukherjee PK, Massey WJ, Wang Y, Fiocchi C. Fibrosis in IBD: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Gut 2024; 73:854-866. [PMID: 38233198 PMCID: PMC10997492 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis resulting in stricture formation and obstruction in Crohn's disease (CD) and increased wall stiffness leading to symptoms in ulcerative colitis (UC) is among the largest unmet needs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fibrosis is caused by a multifactorial and complex process involving immune and non-immune cells, their soluble mediators and exposure to luminal contents, such as microbiota and environmental factors. To date, no antifibrotic therapy is available. Some progress has been made in creating consensus definitions and measurements to quantify stricture morphology for clinical practice and trials, but approaches to determine the degree of fibrosis within a stricture are still lacking. OBJECTIVE We herein describe the current state of stricture pathogenesis, measuring tools and clinical trial endpoints development. DESIGN Data presented and discussed in this review derive from the past and recent literature and the authors' own research and experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant progress has been made in better understanding the pathogenesis of fibrosis, but additional studies and preclinical developments are needed to define specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Matsuda R, Sorobetea D, Zhang J, Peterson ST, Grayczyk JP, Yost W, Apenes N, Kovalik ME, Herrmann B, O’Neill RJ, Bohrer AC, Lanza M, Assenmacher CA, Mayer-Barber KD, Shin S, Brodsky IE. A TNF-IL-1 circuit controls Yersinia within intestinal pyogranulomas. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230679. [PMID: 38363547 PMCID: PMC10873131 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that mediates antimicrobial defense and granuloma formation in response to infection by numerous pathogens. We previously reported that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis colonizes the intestinal mucosa and induces the recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes into organized immune structures termed pyogranulomas (PG) that control Yersinia infection. Inflammatory monocytes are essential for the control and clearance of Yersinia within intestinal PG, but how monocytes mediate Yersinia restriction is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that TNF signaling in monocytes is required for bacterial containment following enteric Yersinia infection. We further show that monocyte-intrinsic TNFR1 signaling drives the production of monocyte-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1), which signals through IL-1 receptors on non-hematopoietic cells to enable PG-mediated control of intestinal Yersinia infection. Altogether, our work reveals a monocyte-intrinsic TNF-IL-1 collaborative inflammatory circuit that restricts intestinal Yersinia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Matsuda
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Sorobetea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan T. Peterson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James P. Grayczyk
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Winslow Yost
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolai Apenes
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria E. Kovalik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Herrmann
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosemary J. O’Neill
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea C. Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Igor E. Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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M. S. Barron A, Fabre T, De S. Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development. F1000Res 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38681509 PMCID: PMC11053351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143472.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. S. Barron
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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10
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Boonyaleka K, Okano T, Iida T, Leewananthawet A, Sasai M, Yamamoto M, Ashida H, Suzuki T. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection activates the noncanonical inflammasome and exacerbates inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350455. [PMID: 37471504 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Caspase activation results in pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death that contributes to several inflammatory diseases by releasing inflammatory cytokines and cellular contents. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a periodontal pathogen frequently detected in human cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. Studies have reported that F. nucleatum infection leads to NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis, but the precise activation process and disease association remain poorly understood. This study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection exacerbates acute colitis in mice and activates pyroptosis through caspase-11-mediated gasdermin D cleavage in macrophages. Furthermore, F. nucleatum infection in colitis mice induces the enhancement of IL-1⍺ secretion from the colon, affecting weight loss and severe disease activities. Neutralization of IL-1⍺ protects F. nucleatum infected mice from severe colitis. Therefore, F. nucleatum infection facilitates inflammation in acute colitis with IL-1⍺ from colon tissue by activating noncanonical inflammasome through gasdermin D cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotchakorn Boonyaleka
- Department of Bacterial pathogenesis, Infection, and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial pathogenesis, Infection, and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamako Iida
- Department of Bacterial pathogenesis, Infection, and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anongwee Leewananthawet
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Specialized Dental Center of Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Department of Bacterial pathogenesis, Infection, and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial pathogenesis, Infection, and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Macias-Ceja DC, Mendoza-Ballesteros MT, Ortega-Albiach M, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Role of the epithelial barrier in intestinal fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: relevance of the epithelial-to mesenchymal transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1258843. [PMID: 37822869 PMCID: PMC10562728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1258843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to tissue damage and remodelling, which can ultimately result in fibrosis. Prolonged injury and inflammation can trigger the activation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As fibrosis progresses, the tissue becomes increasingly stiff and less functional, which can lead to complications such as intestinal strictures, obstructive symptoms, and eventually, organ dysfunction. Epithelial cells play a key role in fibrosis, as they secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Additionally, epithelial cells can undergo a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in which they acquire a more mesenchymal-like phenotype and contribute directly to fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Overall, the interactions between epithelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts play a critical role in the development and progression of fibrosis in IBD. Understanding these complex interactions may provide new targets for therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat fibrosis in IBD. In this review, we have collected and discussed the recent literature highlighting the contribution of epithelial cells to the pathogenesis of the fibrotic complications of IBD, including evidence of EMT, the epigenetic control of the EMT, the potential influence of the intestinal microbiome in EMT, and the possible therapeutic strategies to target EMT. Finally we discuss the pro-fibrotic interactions epithelial-immune cells and epithelial-fibroblasts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Chowdhury O, Ghosh S, Das A, Liu H, Shang P, Stepicheva NA, Hose S, Sinha D, Chattopadhyay S. Sustained systemic inflammation increases autophagy and induces EMT/fibrotic changes in mouse liver cells: Protection by melatonin. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110521. [PMID: 36375715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The unending lifestyle stressors along with genetic predisposition, environmental factors and infections have pushed the immune system into a state of constant activity, leading to unresolved inflammation and increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. Liver fibrosis, an early-stage liver condition that increases the risk of developing liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is among the various diseases linked to inflammation that dominate worldwide morbidity and mortality. We developed a mouse model with low-grade lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure that shows hepatic damage and a pro-inflammatory condition in the liver. We show that inflammation and oxidative changes increase autophagy in liver cells, a degradation process critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Our findings from in vivo and in vitro studies also show that induction of both inflammation and autophagy trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pro-fibrotic changes in hepatocytes. Inhibiting the inflammatory pathways with a naturally occurring NF-κB inhibitor and antioxidant, melatonin, could assuage the changes in autophagy and activation of EMT/fibrotic pathways in hepatocytes. Taken together, this study shows a pathway linking inflammation and autophagy which could be targeted for future drug development to delay the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ankur Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadezda A Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN), University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata 700098, India.
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13
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The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010138. [PMID: 36611932 PMCID: PMC9818504 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC is not only a genetic disease with several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also a multifactorial disease including environmental factors. Cancer cells communicate with their environment mostly via soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines or growth factors to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, a heterogeneous population of differentiated and progenitor cells, plays a critical role in regulating tumor development, growth, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. In this context, cytokines from cancer cells and cells of the TME influence each other, eliciting an inflammatory milieu that can either enhance or suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, several lines of evidence exist that the composition of the microbiota regulates inflammatory processes, controlled by cytokine secretion, that play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the cytokine networks between cancer cells and the TME and microbiome in colorectal cancer and the related treatment strategies, with the goal to discuss cytokine-mediated strategies that could overcome the common therapeutic resistance of CRC tumors.
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14
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Cavagnero KJ, Gallo RL. Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058862. [PMID: 36591258 PMCID: PMC9797514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fibroblast has been used generally to describe spindle-shaped stromal cells of mesenchymal origin that produce extracellular matrix, establish tissue structure, and form scar. Current evidence has found that cells with this morphology are highly heterogeneous with some fibroblastic cells actively participating in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung now show that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals to elicit host defense functions including antimicrobial activity, leukocyte recruitment, and production of cytokines and lipid mediators relevant to inflammation and immunosuppression. This review will synthesize current literature focused on the innate immune functions performed by fibroblasts at barrier tissues to highlight the previously unappreciated importance of these cells in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Chen X, Li W, Chen T, Ren X, Zhu J, Hu F, Luo J, Xing L, Zhou H, Sun J, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Xi Q. miR-146a-5p promotes epithelium regeneration against LPS-induced inflammatory injury via targeting TAB1/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1031-1040. [PMID: 36096257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation often restricts the health and production of animals. MiR-146a has been proved to be an anti-inflammatory molecule in inflammatory disorders, but its role in the intestinal injury and regeneration remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the inflammatory response of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in intestinal tissue-specific miR-146a-5p knockout mouse models. We identified the role of miR-146a-5p in inhibiting inflammatory response and promoting proliferation under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro and vivo. LPS stimulation significantly increased the expression of TNF-α, IL6 and inhibited IPEC-J2 cell proliferation. Overexpression of miR-146a-5p can reverse the effect of LPS stimulation, and promote the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. In the LPS challenge experiment in intestine-specific miR-146a knock-out mice (CKO) and Floxp+/+ mice (CON), CKO mice were more sensitive to LPS stimulation, with more weight loss and more severe intestinal morphological damage than CON mice. Also, miR-146a-5p regulated LPS-induced intestinal injury, inflammation by targeting TAB1. Taken together, miR-146a may function as an anti-inflammatory factor in IECs by targeting TAB1/TAK1-IKK-NF-κB signaling pathway. miR-146a-5p may represent a promising biomarker for inflammatory disorders, and may provide an effective therapeutic method to alleviate weaning stress in piglets and some experimental basis to improve the intestinal health of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weite Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangxin Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lipeng Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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16
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Ratitong B, Marshall ME, Dragan MA, Anunciado CM, Abbondante S, Pearlman E. Differential Roles for IL-1α and IL-1β in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:548-558. [PMID: 35851538 PMCID: PMC9922050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of dermal, pulmonary, and ocular disease. Our studies have focused on P. aeruginosa infections of the cornea (keratitis) as a major cause of blinding microbial infections. The infection leads to an influx of innate immune cells, with neutrophils making up to 90% of recruited cells during early stages. We previously reported that the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β were elevated during infection. Compared with wild-type (WT), infected Il1b-/- mice developed more severe corneal disease that is associated with impaired bacterial killing as a result of defective neutrophil recruitment. We also reported that neutrophils are an important source of IL-1α and IL-1β, which peaked at 24 h postinfection. To examine the role of IL-1α compared with IL-1β in P. aeruginosa keratitis, we inoculated corneas of C57BL/6 (WT), Il1a-/-, Il1b-/-, and Il1a-/-Il1b-/- (double-knockout) mice with 5 × 104 ExoS-expressing P. aeruginosa. Il1b-/- and double-knockout mice have significantly higher bacterial burden that was consistent with delayed neutrophil and monocyte recruitment to the corneas. Surprisingly, Il1a-/- mice had the opposite phenotype with enhanced bacteria clearance compared with WT mice. Although there were no significant differences in neutrophil recruitment, Il1a-/- neutrophils displayed a more proinflammatory transcriptomic profile compared to WT with elevations in C1q expression that likely caused the phenotypic differences observed. To our knowledge, our findings identify a novel, non-redundant role for IL-1α in impairing bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Ratitong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Michaela E Marshall
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Morgan A Dragan
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Charissa M Anunciado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Serena Abbondante
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
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17
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Mendelian randomization study for the roles of IL-18 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109020. [PMID: 35843146 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS IL-1 and IL-18 play important roles in intestine barrier integrity maintenance and inflammatory response. However, their net effects on the risk of IBD are still inconclusive. Here, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to investigate the causal associations of IL-18 and IL-1Ra (receptor antagonist) on the risks of IBD and subtypes. METHODS For IL-18, both three-sample and two-sample MR approaches were used for the causal inferences. In three-sample MR, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the effect values were extracted from two quantitative trait loci (pQTL) datasets with non-overlapping populations. In two-sample MR, we extracted genetic instruments information from the same larger pQTL dataset. For IL-1Ra, we applied the two-sample MR method with summary-statistics from the larger pQTL dataset. Summary-level results of three large IBD/CD/UC genome-wide association studies in European ancestry were employed. Inverse-variance weighted method, various sensitivity analyses and meta-analysis were performed to give causal estimates, detect heterogeneity and correct for outliers. RESULTS We observed consistent positive causal effects of IL-18 on all three major outcomes using three-sample MR, with meta-analyses odds ratios (ORs) equal to 1.240 (IBD), 1.199 (CD) and 1.274 (UC) respectively. The two-sample MR demonstrated similar results. Moreover, genetically predicted IL-1Ra is inversely associated with the risk of IBD/UC/CD with ORs equal to 0.915 (IBD), 0.902 (CD) and 0.899 (UC) respectively in meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested genetically predicted IL-18 and IL-1Ra level are causally associated with an increased and decreased risk of IBD and subtypes.
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18
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Hamade DF, Espinal A, Yu J, Leibowitz BJ, Fisher R, Hou W, Shields D, van Pijkeren JP, Mukherjee A, Epperly MW, Vlad A, Coffman L, Wang H, Huq MS, Patel R, Huang J, Greenberger JS. Lactobacillus reuteri Releasing IL-22 (LR-IL-22) Facilitates Intestinal Radioprotection for Whole-Abdomen Irradiation (WAI) of Ovarian Cancer. Radiat Res 2022; 198:89-105. [PMID: 35446961 PMCID: PMC9278541 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00224.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration (gavage) of a second-generation probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), that releases interleukin-22 (LR-IL-22) at 24 h after total-body irradiation (TBI) mitigates damage to the intestine. We determined that LR-IL-22 also mitigates partial-body irradiation (PBI) and whole-abdomen irradiation (WAI). Irradiation can be an effective treatment for ovarian cancer, but its use is limited by intestinal toxicity. Strategies to mitigate toxicity are important and can revitalize this modality to treat ovarian cancer. In the present studies, we evaluated whether LR-IL-22 facilitates fractionated WAI in female C57BL/6 mice with disseminated ovarian cancer given a single fraction of either 15.75 Gy or 19.75 Gy or 4 daily fractions of 6 Gy or 6.5 Gy. Mice receiving single or multiple administrations of LR-IL-22 during WAI showed improved intestinal barrier integrity (P = 0.0167), reduced levels of radiation-induced intestinal cytokines including KC/CXCL1 (P = 0.002) and IFN-γ (P = 0.0024), and reduced levels of plasma, Eotaxin/CCL11 (P = 0.0088). LR-IL-22 significantly preserved the numbers of Lgr5+GFP+ intestinal stem cells (P = 0.0010) and improved survival (P < 0.0343). Female C57BL/6MUC-1 mice with widespread abdominal syngeneic 2F8cis ovarian cancer that received LR-IL-22 during 6.5 Gy WAI in 4 fractions had reduced tumor burden, less intestinal toxicity, and improved 30-day survival. Furthermore, LR-IL-22 facilitated WAI when added to Paclitaxel and Carboplatin chemotherapy and further increased survival. Oral administration (gavage) of LR-IL-22 is a potentially valuable intestinal radioprotector, which can facilitate therapeutic WAI for widespread intra-abdominal ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diala F. Hamade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Alexis Espinal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Donna Shields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Anda Vlad
- Department of OB/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Lan Coffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - M. Saiful Huq
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Jason Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
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19
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Matarazzo L, Hernandez Santana YE, Walsh PT, Fallon PG. The IL-1 cytokine family as custodians of barrier immunity. Cytokine 2022; 154:155890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Watanabe D, Kamada N. Contribution of the Gut Microbiota to Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:826240. [PMID: 35198577 PMCID: PMC8859331 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.826240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Crohn's disease (CD), intestinal fibrosis is a critical determinant of a patient's prognosis. Although inflammation may be a prerequisite for the initiation of intestinal fibrosis, research shows that the progression or continuation of intestinal fibrosis can occur independently of inflammation. Thus, once initiated, intestinal fibrosis may persist even if medical treatment controls inflammation. Clearly, an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis is required to diminish its occurrence. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. For example, the presence of antibodies against gut microbes can predict which CD patients will have intestinal complications. In addition, microbial ligands can activate intestinal fibroblasts, thereby inducing the production of extracellular matrix. Moreover, in various animal models, bacterial infection can lead to the development of intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the link between intestinal fibrosis in CD and the gut microbiota. We highlight basic science and clinical evidence that the gut microbiota can be causative for intestinal fibrosis in CD and provide valuable information about the animal models used to investigate intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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21
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Friedrich M, Pohin M, Jackson MA, Korsunsky I, Bullers SJ, Rue-Albrecht K, Christoforidou Z, Sathananthan D, Thomas T, Ravindran R, Tandon R, Peres RS, Sharpe H, Wei K, Watts GFM, Mann EH, Geremia A, Attar M, McCuaig S, Thomas L, Collantes E, Uhlig HH, Sansom SN, Easton A, Raychaudhuri S, Travis SP, Powrie FM. IL-1-driven stromal-neutrophil interactions define a subset of patients with inflammatory bowel disease that does not respond to therapies. Nat Med 2021; 27:1970-1981. [PMID: 34675383 PMCID: PMC8604730 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies are ineffective in a high proportion of patients. Combining bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, quantitative histopathology and in situ localization across three cohorts of patients with IBD (total n = 376), we identify coexpressed gene modules within the heterogeneous tissular inflammatory response in IBD that map to distinct histopathological and cellular features (pathotypes). One of these pathotypes is defined by high neutrophil infiltration, activation of fibroblasts and vascular remodeling at sites of deep ulceration. Activated fibroblasts in the ulcer bed display neutrophil-chemoattractant properties that are IL-1R, but not TNF, dependent. Pathotype-associated neutrophil and fibroblast signatures are increased in nonresponders to several therapies across four independent cohorts (total n = 343). The identification of distinct, localized, tissular pathotypes will aid precision targeting of current therapeutics and provides a biological rationale for IL-1 signaling blockade in ulcerating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Friedrich
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mathilde Pohin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew A Jackson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilya Korsunsky
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J Bullers
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Rue-Albrecht
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoe Christoforidou
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dharshan Sathananthan
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Thomas
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rahul Ravindran
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruchi Tandon
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Raphael Sanches Peres
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerald F M Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alessandra Geremia
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Moustafa Attar
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah McCuaig
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lloyd Thomas
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Collantes
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alistair Easton
- Old Road Campus Research Building, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon P Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona M Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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22
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Pekmezovic M, Kaune AK, Austermeier S, Hitzler SUJ, Mogavero S, Hovhannisyan H, Gabaldón T, Gresnigt MS, Hube B. Human albumin enhances the pathogenic potential of Candida glabrata on vaginal epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010037. [PMID: 34710198 PMCID: PMC8577789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata is the second most frequent causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a disease that affects 70–75% of women at least once during their life. However, C. glabrata is almost avirulent in mice and normally incapable of inflicting damage to vaginal epithelial cells in vitro. We thus proposed that host factors present in vivo may influence C. glabrata pathogenicity. We, therefore, analyzed the impact of albumin, one of the most abundant proteins of the vaginal fluid. The presence of human, but not murine, albumin dramatically increased the potential of C. glabrata to damage vaginal epithelial cells. This effect depended on macropinocytosis-mediated epithelial uptake of albumin and subsequent proteolytic processing. The enhanced pathogenicity of C. glabrata can be explained by a combination of beneficial effects for the fungus, which includes an increased access to iron, accelerated growth, and increased adhesion. Screening of C. glabrata deletion mutants revealed that Hap5, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, is essential for the albumin-augmented damage potential. The albumin-augmented pathogenicity was reversed by the addition of iron chelators and a similar increase in pathogenicity was shown by increasing the iron availability, confirming a key role of iron. Accelerated growth not only led to higher cell numbers, but also to increased fungal metabolic activity and oxidative stress resistance. Finally, the albumin-driven enhanced damage potential was associated with the expression of distinct C. glabrata virulence genes. Transcriptional responses of the epithelial cells suggested an unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-stress responses combined with glucose starvation induced by fast growing C. glabrata cells as potential mechanisms by which cytotoxicity is mediated.Collectively, we demonstrate that albumin augments the pathogenic potential of C. glabrata during interaction with vaginal epithelial cells. This suggests a role for albumin as a key player in the pathogenesis of VVC. Candida glabrata is the overall second causative species of candidiasis in humans, but little is known about the pathogenicity mechanisms of this yeast. C. glabrata is capable of causing lethal systemic candidiasis mostly in elderly immunocompromised patients, but is also a frequent cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis. These clinical insights suggest that C. glabrata has a high virulence potential, yet little pathogenicity is observed in both in vitro and in vivo infection models. The finding that human albumin, the most abundant protein in the human body, is boosting C. glabrata pathogenicity in vitro provides novel insights into C. glabrata pathogenicity mechanisms and shows that the presence of distinct human factors can have a significant influence on the virulence potential of a pathogenic microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pekmezovic
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Kaune
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Austermeier
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophia U. J. Hitzler
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Selene Mogavero
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Hrant Hovhannisyan
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark S. Gresnigt
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail: (MSG); (BH)
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail: (MSG); (BH)
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23
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Burgoyne RA, Fisher AJ, Borthwick LA. The Role of Epithelial Damage in the Pulmonary Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102763. [PMID: 34685744 PMCID: PMC8534416 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary epithelial cells are widely considered to be the first line of defence in the lung and are responsible for coordinating the innate immune response to injury and subsequent repair. Consequently, epithelial cells communicate with multiple cell types including immune cells and fibroblasts to promote acute inflammation and normal wound healing in response to damage. However, aberrant epithelial cell death and damage are hallmarks of pulmonary disease, with necrotic cell death and cellular senescence contributing to disease pathogenesis in numerous respiratory diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. In this review, we summarise the literature that demonstrates that epithelial damage plays a pivotal role in the dysregulation of the immune response leading to tissue destruction and abnormal remodelling in several chronic diseases. Specifically, we highlight the role of epithelial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and senescence in shaping the immune response and assess their contribution to inflammatory and fibrotic signalling pathways in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Burgoyne
- Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Andrew John Fisher
- Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Transplantation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Lee Anthony Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Fibrofind, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-208-3112
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24
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Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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25
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Moreno LG, Evangelista‐Silva PH, Santos EC, Prates RP, Lima AC, Mendes MF, Ottone VO, Ottoni MHF, Pereira WF, Melo GEBA, Esteves EA. Pequi
Oil, a MUFA/Carotenoid‐Rich Oil, Exhibited Protective Effects against DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauane G. Moreno
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Evangelista‐Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Edivânia C. Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Prates
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Artenizia C. Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Mateus F. Mendes
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Vinícius O. Ottone
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. F. Ottoni
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Wagner F. Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Gustavo E. B. A. Melo
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Elizabethe A. Esteves
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
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26
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Wang J, Lin S, Brown JM, van Wagoner D, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. Novel mechanisms and clinical trial endpoints in intestinal fibrosis. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:211-227. [PMID: 33993489 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide has resulted in a global public health challenge. Intestinal fibrosis leading to stricture formation and bowel obstruction is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease (CD), and the lack of anti-fibrotic therapies makes elucidation of fibrosis mechanisms a priority. Progress has shown that mesenchymal cells, cytokines, microbial products, and mesenteric adipocytes are jointly implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. This recent information puts prevention or reversal of intestinal strictures within reach through innovative therapies validated by reliable clinical trial endpoints. Here, we review the role of immune and non-immune components of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis, including new cell clusters, cytokine networks, host-microbiome interactions, creeping fat, and their translation for endpoint development in anti-fibrotic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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27
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Ratitong B, Marshall M, Pearlman E. β-Glucan-stimulated neutrophil secretion of IL-1α is independent of GSDMD and mediated through extracellular vesicles. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109139. [PMID: 34010648 PMCID: PMC8186457 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an important source of interleukin (IL)-1β and other cytokines because they are recruited to sites of infection and inflammation in high numbers. Although secretion of processed, bioactive IL-1β by neutrophils is dependent on NLRP3 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD), IL-1α secretion by neutrophils has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that neutrophils produce IL-1α following injection of Aspergillus fumigatus spores that express cell-surface β-Glucan. Although IL-1α secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ATP-activated macrophages and dendritic cells is GSDMD dependent, IL-1α secretion by β-Glucan-stimulated neutrophils occurs independently of GSDMD. Instead, we found that bioactive IL-1α is in exosomes that were isolated from cell-free media of β-Glucan-stimulated neutrophils. Further, the exosome inhibitor GW4869 significantly reduces IL-1α in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and total cell-free supernatant. Together, these findings identify neutrophils as a source of IL-1α and demonstrate a role for EVs, specifically exosomes, in neutrophil secretion of bioactive IL-1α. Neutrophils have functional NLRP3 and NLRC4 and are recognized as an important source of IL-1β. Ratitong et al. demonstrate that murine neutrophils also produce IL-1α. Unlike macrophages, neutrophil IL-1α is secreted in extracellular vesicles and is released independently of gasdermin D and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Ratitong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Michaela Marshall
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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28
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Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041582. [PMID: 33557303 PMCID: PMC7914826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption leads to disturbances in intestinal function which can be exacerbated by inflammation and modulated by different factors, e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The mechanisms underlying these alterations are not well understood. In this study, RNA-seq analysis was performed on ileum tissue from WT and fat-1 transgenic mice (which have elevated endogenous n-3 PUFAs). Mice were chronically fed ethanol (EtOH) and challenged with a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dose to induce acute systemic inflammation. Both WT and fat-1 mice exhibited significant ileum transcriptome changes following EtOH + LPS treatment. Compared to WT, fat-1 mice had upregulated expression of genes associated with cell cycle and xenobiotic metabolism, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-fibrotic genes was decreased. In response to EtOH + LPS, fat-1 mice had an increased expression of genes related to antibacterial B cells (APRIL and IgA), as well as an elevation in markers of pro-restorative macrophages and γδ T cells that was not observed in WT mice. Our study significantly expands the knowledge of regulatory mechanisms underlying intestinal alterations due to EtOH consumption and inflammation and identifies the beneficial transcriptional effects of n-3 PUFAs, which may serve as a viable nutritional intervention for intestinal damage resulting from excessive alcohol consumption.
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29
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Kuhn N, Klinger B, Uhlitz F, Sieber A, Rivera M, Klotz-Noack K, Fichtner I, Hoffmann J, Blüthgen N, Falk C, Sers C, Schäfer R. Mutation-specific effects of NRAS oncogenes in colorectal cancer cells. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 79:100778. [PMID: 33431353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), the prevalence of NRAS mutations (5-9%) is inferior to that of KRAS mutations (40-50%). NRAS mutations feature lately during tumour progression and drive resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in KRAS wild-type tumours. To elucidate specific functions of NRAS mutations in CRC, we expressed doxycycline-inducible G12D and Q61K mutations in the CRC cell line Caco-2. A focused phospho-proteome analysis based on the Bio-Plex platform, which interrogated the activity of MAPK, PI3K, mTOR, STAT, p38, JNK and ATF2, did not reveal significant differences between Caco-2 cells expressing NRASG12D, NRASQ61K and KRASG12V. However, phenotypic read-outs were different. The NRAS Q61K mutation promoted anchorage-independent proliferation and tumorigenicity, similar to features driven by canonical KRAS mutations. In contrast, expression of NRASG12D resulted in reduced proliferation and apoptosis. At the transcriptome level, we saw upregulation of cytokines and chemokines. IL1A, IL11, CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL20 exhibited enhanced secretion into the culture medium. In addition, RNA sequencing results indicated activation of the IL1-, JAK/STAT-, NFκB- and TNFα signalling pathways. These results form the basis for an NRASG12D-driven inflammatory phenotype in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kuhn
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Klinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Building 18, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Uhlitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Building 18, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Sieber
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Building 18, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Rivera
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Buch, Germany
| | - Kathleen Klotz-Noack
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Buch, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Buch, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Building 18, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Sers
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Gyorke CE, Kollipara A, Allen J, Zhang Y, Ezzell JA, Darville T, Montgomery SA, Nagarajan UM. IL-1α Is Essential for Oviduct Pathology during Genital Chlamydial Infection in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3037-3049. [PMID: 33087404 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the female genital tract can lead to irreversible fallopian tube scarring. In the mouse model of genital infection using Chlamydia muridarum, IL-1R signaling plays a critical role in oviduct tissue damage. In this study, we investigated the pathologic role of IL-1α, one of the two proinflammatory cytokines that bind to IL-1R. Il1a-/- mice infected with C. muridarum cleared infection at their cervix at the same rate as wild-type (WT) mice, but were significantly protected from end point oviduct damage and fibrosis. The contribution of IL-1α to oviduct pathology was more dramatic than observed in mice deficient for IL-1β. Although chlamydial burden was similar in WT and Il1a-/- oviduct during peak days of infection, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CSF3, and CXCL2 were reduced in Il1a-/- oviduct lysates. During infection, Il1a-/- oviducts and uterine horns exhibited reduced neutrophil infiltration, and this reduction persisted after the infection resolved. The absence of IL-1α did not compromise CD4 T cell recruitment or function during primary or secondary chlamydial infection. IL-1α is expressed predominantly by luminal cells of the genital tract in response to infection, and low levels of expression persisted after the infection cleared. Ab-mediated depletion of IL-1α in WT mice prevented infection-induced oviduct damage, further supporting a key role for IL-1α in oviduct pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Gyorke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Avinash Kollipara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - John Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yugen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - J Ashley Ezzell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Uma M Nagarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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31
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Cell death in the gut epithelium and implications for chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:543-556. [PMID: 32651553 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest rates of cellular turnover in a process that is tightly regulated. As the transit-amplifying progenitors of the intestinal epithelium generate ~300 cells per crypt every day, regulated cell death and sloughing at the apical surface keeps the overall cell number in check. An aberrant increase in the rate of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death underlies instances of extensive epithelial erosion, which is characteristic of several intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. Emerging evidence points to a crucial role of necroptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis as important modes of programmed cell death in the intestine in addition to apoptosis. The mode of cell death affects tissue restitution responses and ultimately the long-term risks of intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer. A vicious cycle of intestinal barrier breach, misregulated cell death and subsequent inflammation is at the heart of chronic inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal diseases. This Review discusses the underlying molecular and cellular underpinnings that control programmed cell death in IECs, which emerge during intestinal diseases. Translational aspects of cell death modulation for the development of novel therapeutic alternatives for inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer are also discussed.
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Relja B, Land WG. Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 46:751-775. [PMID: 31612270 PMCID: PMC7427761 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, the "danger model" argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of "strange" molecules. Thus, an alternative to the "self versus non-self recognition model" has been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G. Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration. Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still remains difficult to describe their "friend or foe" role in the posttraumatic immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e., secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu, this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced. Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Walter Gottlieb Land
- Molecular ImmunoRheumatology, INSERM UMR_S1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Melissari MT, Chalkidi N, Sarris ME, Koliaraki V. Fibroblast Reprogramming in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:630. [PMID: 32760726 PMCID: PMC7373725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide and have been strongly linked with chronic inflammation. Current therapies focus on epithelial/cancer cells; however, the importance of the tumor microenvironment in the development and treatment of the disease is also now well established. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment, and are actively participating in tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. They structurally and functionally affect cancer cell proliferation, tumor immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways. CAFs originate predominantly from resident mesenchymal cells, which are activated and reprogrammed in response to cues from cancer cells. In recent years, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract has also proven an important driver of mesenchymal cell activation and subsequent CAF development, which in turn are capable of regulating the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we will provide a concise overview of the mechanisms that drive fibroblast reprogramming in cancer and the recent advances on the downstream signaling pathways that regulate the functional properties of the activated mesenchyme. This new mechanistic insight could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies and better prognosis for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis E Sarris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
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Menghini P, Corridoni D, Buttó LF, Osme A, Shivaswamy S, Lam M, Bamias G, Pizarro TT, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Dinarello CA, Cominelli F. Neutralization of IL-1α ameliorates Crohn's disease-like ileitis by functional alterations of the gut microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26717-26726. [PMID: 31843928 PMCID: PMC6936591 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915043116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic and progressive inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that are attributed to dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiome and the intestinal mucosa-associated immune system. There are limited studies investigating the role of either IL-1α or IL-1β in mouse models of colitis, and no clinical trials blocking either IL-1 have yet to be performed. In the present study, we show that neutralization of IL-1α by a specific monoclonal antibody against murine IL-1α was highly effective in reducing inflammation and damage in SAMP mice, mice that spontaneously develop a Crohn's-like ileitis. Anti-mouse IL-1α significantly ameliorated the established, chronic ileitis and also protected mice from developing acute DSS-induced colitis. Both were associated with taxonomic divergence of the fecal gut microbiome, which was treatment-specific and not dependent on inflammation. Anti-IL-1α administration led to a decreased ratio of Proteobacteria to Bacteroidetes, decreased presence of Helicobacter species, and elevated representation of Mucispirillum schaedleri and Lactobacillus salivarius. Such modification in flora was functionally linked to the antiinflammatory effects of IL-1α neutralization, as blockade of IL-1α was not effective in germfree SAMP mice. Furthermore, preemptive dexamethasone treatment of DSS-challenged SAMP mice led to changes in flora composition without preventing the development of colitis. Thus, neutralization of IL-1α changes specific bacterial species of the intestinal microbiome, which is linked to its antiinflammatory effects. These functional findings may be of significant value for patients with IBD, who may benefit from targeted IL-1α-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Menghini
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovica F Buttó
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | | | - Minh Lam
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | | | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Lou X, Zhu H, Ning L, Li C, Li S, Du H, Zhou X, Xu G. EZH2 Regulates Intestinal Inflammation and Necroptosis Through the JNK Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:3518-3527. [PMID: 31273598 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common disorder of chronic intestinal inflammation that can be caused by the disruption of intestinal immune homeostasis. AIM We aimed to evaluate the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in the inflammatory response and explore the association between EZH2 and necroptosis in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. METHODS In both in vitro and in vivo models, expression of EZH2 in intestinal tissues was verified by histology. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in cell lines treated with EZH2 siRNA with or without stimulus was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. An intestinal necroptosis cell model was established to elucidate whether EZH2 is involved in necroptosis. RESULTS Our present data indicated that EZH2 expression was decreased in in vitro and in vivo models and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. EZH2 downregulation increased the expression of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-8, IL-17, CCL5, and CCL20 in a Caco-2 cell model. The JNK pathway was activated with the reduction of EZH2. In the necroptosis model, downregulation of EZH2 was detected with the upregulation of necroptotic markers RIP1 and RIP3. In addition, EZH2 knockdown with siRNA increased p-JNK and p-c-Jun. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that EZH2 plays an important role in the development of intestinal inflammation and necroptosis. Hence, EZH2 could be a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Huatuo Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Longgui Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haojie Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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PTPN2 Regulates Inflammasome Activation and Controls Onset of Intestinal Inflammation and Colon Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1835-1848. [PMID: 29444435 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the gene locus encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) are associated with inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. The anti-inflammatory role of PTPN2 is highlighted by the fact that PTPN2-deficient mice die a few weeks after birth because of systemic inflammation and severe colitis. However, the tissues, cells, and molecular mechanisms that contribute to this phenotype remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid cell-specific deletion of PTPN2 in mice (PTPN2-LysMCre) promotes intestinal inflammation but protects from colitis-associated tumor formation in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Elevated levels of mature IL-1β production in PTPN2-LysMCre mice are a consequence of increased inflammasome assembly due to elevated phosphorylation of the inflammasome adaptor molecule ASC. Thus, we have identified a dual role for myeloid PTPN2 in directly regulating inflammasome activation and IL-1β production to suppress pro-inflammatory responses during colitis but promote intestinal tumor development.
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Dosh RH, Jordan-Mahy N, Sammon C, Le Maitre C. Interleukin 1 is a key driver of inflammatory bowel disease-demonstration in a murine IL-1Ra knockout model. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3559-3575. [PMID: 31191826 PMCID: PMC6544399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra as a natural inhibitor plays a vital role in a variety of diseases. Here, we investigated whether changes seen during IBD are induced spontaneously in mice lacking a functional IL-1rn gene. Histological staining was performed on the jejunum and ileum of BALB/c IL-1rn+/+ and IL-1rn-/- mice to characterize crypt-villus height, villus width, and number of goblet cells per villus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cell infiltration and matrix-degrading enzymes, together with the production of intestinal enzymes and the integrity of tight and adherent junction proteins were determined using immunohistochemistry. In the small intestine of BALB/c IL-1rn-/- mice the villus heights were significantly reduced; and in the ileum this was accompanied by a decrease in villi width. There was also an increase in goblet cell number and mucin production compared to wild-type mice. IL-1α and IL-1β immunopositivity were increased, whilst IL-1R1 expression was decreased in IL-1rn-/- mice. IL-15 and TNFα were also increased in older IL-1rn-/- mice. Increased polymorphonuclear and macrophage infiltration were seen in IL-1rn-/- mice, whilst expression of matrix-degrading enzymes and digestive enzymes were unchanged, except for dipeptidyl peptidase IV which was increased in younger IL-1rn-/- mice compared to wild type mice. The expression of tight and adhesion junctions were also dramatically decreased in IL-1rn-/- mice. In conclusion, IL-1rn-/- mice developed spontaneous abnormalities which displayed features associated with IBD, demonstrating a clear role for IL-1 in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H. Dosh
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christine Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Nanini HF, Bernardazzi C, Castro F, de Souza HSP. Damage-associated molecular patterns in inflammatory bowel disease: From biomarkers to therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4622-4634. [PMID: 30416310 PMCID: PMC6224468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i41.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. These components include environmental elements and gut microbiota a dysbiosis. For decades, immune abnormalities have been investigated as critically important in IBD pathogenesis, and attempts to develop effective therapies have predominantly targeted the immune system. Nevertheless, immune events represent only one of the constituents contributing to IBD pathogenesis within the context of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying chronic intestinal inflammation. These factors need to be appreciated within the milieu of non-immune components. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are essentially endogenous stress proteins expressed or released as a result of cell or tissue damage, have been shown to act as direct pro-inflammatory mediators. Excessive or persistent signalling mediated by such molecules can underlie several chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. The release of endogenous DAMPs amplifies the inflammatory response driven by immune and non-immune cells and promotes epigenetic reprogramming in IBD. The effects determine pathologic changes, which may sustain chronic intestinal inflammation and also underlie specific disease phenotypes. In addition to highlighting the potential use of DAMPs such as calprotectin as biomarkers, research on DAMPs may reveal novel mechanistic associations in IBD pathogenesis and is expected to uncover putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayandra Ferreira Nanini
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Claudio Bernardazzi
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Fernando Castro
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
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Mack M. Inflammation and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:106-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Heme ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through providing intestinal macrophages with noninflammatory profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8418-8423. [PMID: 30061415 PMCID: PMC6099887 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808426115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following hemorrhage in damaged tissues, hemoglobin induces macrophages (Mϕs) possessing ability to protect against tissue inflammation. Hemorrhage-appearing mucosa is observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, heme-mediated modulation of intestinal Mϕ activity remains poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that Spi-C induced by heme is a key molecule for providing noninflammatory gene expression patterns of intestinal CX3CR1high Mϕs. We found that the Spic deficiency in intestinal Mϕs resulted in increased sensitivity to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Heme-mediated Spi-C inhibited a subset of LPS-induced genes such as Il6 and Il1a by intestinal CX3CR1high Mϕs through inhibition of IRF5-NF-κB p65 complex formation. These results reveal a mechanism modulating the noninflammatory phenotype of intestinal Mϕs and may help identify targets for therapy of intestinal inflammation. The local environment is crucial for shaping the identities of tissue-resident macrophages (Mϕs). When hemorrhage occurs in damaged tissues, hemoglobin induces differentiation of anti-inflammatory Mϕs with reparative function. Mucosal bleeding is one of the pathological features of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the heme-mediated mechanism modulating activation of intestinal innate immune cells remains poorly understood. Here, we show that heme regulates gut homeostasis through induction of Spi-C in intestinal CX3CR1high Mϕs. Intestinal CX3CR1high Mϕs highly expressed Spi-C in a heme-dependent manner, and myeloid lineage-specific Spic-deficient (Lyz2-cre; Spicflox/flox) mice showed severe intestinal inflammation with an increased number of Th17 cells during dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Spi-C down-regulated the expression of a subset of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-inducible genes in intestinal CX3CR1high Mϕs to prevent colitis. LPS-induced production of IL-6 and IL-1α, but not IL-10 and TNF-α, by large intestinal Mϕs from Lyz2-cre; Spicflox/flox mice was markedly enhanced. The interaction of Spi-C with IRF5 was linked to disruption of the IRF5-NF-κB p65 complex formation, thereby abrogating recruitment of IRF5 and NF-κB p65 to the Il6 and Il1a promoters. Collectively, these results demonstrate that heme-mediated Spi-C is a key molecule for the noninflammatory signature of intestinal Mϕs by suppressing the induction of a subset of TLR-inducible genes through binding to IRF5.
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Andrews C, McLean MH, Durum SK. Cytokine Tuning of Intestinal Epithelial Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1270. [PMID: 29922293 PMCID: PMC5996247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine serves as both our largest single barrier to the external environment and the host of more immune cells than any other location in our bodies. Separating these potential combatants is a single layer of dynamic epithelium composed of heterogeneous epithelial subtypes, each uniquely adapted to carry out a subset of the intestine’s diverse functions. In addition to its obvious role in digestion, the intestinal epithelium is responsible for a wide array of critical tasks, including maintaining barrier integrity, preventing invasion by microbial commensals and pathogens, and modulating the intestinal immune system. Communication between these epithelial cells and resident immune cells is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating appropriate responses to disease and can occur through cell-to-cell contact or by the release or recognition of soluble mediators. The objective of this review is to highlight recent literature illuminating how cytokines and chemokines, both those made by and acting on the intestinal epithelium, orchestrate many of the diverse functions of the intestinal epithelium and its interactions with immune cells in health and disease. Areas of focus include cytokine control of intestinal epithelial proliferation, cell death, and barrier permeability. In addition, the modulation of epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines by factors such as interactions with stromal and immune cells, pathogen and commensal exposure, and diet will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrews
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Mairi H McLean
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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Al-Dwairi A, Alqudah M, Al-Shboul O, Alfaqih M, Alomari D. Metformin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on mouse colon smooth muscle cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:985-992. [PMID: 30116349 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic incurable condition characterized by relapsing inflammation of the gut. Intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are affected structurally and functionally during IBD due to excessive production of different inflammatory mediators. Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic agent known to exert several anti-inflammatory effects in different tissues independently from its hypoglycemic effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of metformin on expression and secretion of different cytokines and chemokines from mouse colon SMCs (CSMCs) following induction of inflammation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. CSMCs from male BALB/c mice were isolated and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and treated with LPS (1 µg/ml) and 0, 5, 10 or 20 mM metformin for 24 h. Expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), T cell activation gene-3 (TCA-3) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was evaluated by ELISA. LPS-treated CSMCs demonstrated significantly increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1α, M-CSF, TCA-3 and SDF-1 when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Co-treatment with metformin (5 and 10 mM) significantly reduced their expression by ~20-40% when compared with LPS treatment alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, secretion of TNF-α, IL-1α, M-CSF and TCA-3 into the conditioned media was significantly decreased by metformin (5 and 10 mM; P<0.05). In addition, metformin decreased levels of LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation. These data suggest that metformin may provide beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on CSMCs and it may be utilized as an adjunct therapy for patients suffering from IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Dana Alomari
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Eppensteiner J, Davis RP, Barbas AS, Kwun J, Lee J. Immunothrombotic Activity of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Extracellular Vesicles in Secondary Organ Failure Induced by Trauma and Sterile Insults. Front Immunol 2018; 9:190. [PMID: 29472928 PMCID: PMC5810426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in injury prevention and emergency response, injury-related death and morbidity continues to increase in the US and worldwide. Patients with trauma, invasive operations, anti-cancer treatment, and organ transplantation produce a host of danger signals and high levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic mediators, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). DAMPs (e.g., nucleic acids, histone, high-mobility group box 1 protein, and S100) are molecules released from injured, stressed, or activated cells that act as endogenous ligands of innate immune receptors, whereas EVs (e.g., microparticle and exosome) are membranous vesicles budding off from plasma membranes and act as messengers between cells. DAMPs and EVs can stimulate multiple innate immune signaling pathways and coagulation cascades, and uncontrolled DAMP and EV production causes systemic inflammatory and thrombotic complications and secondary organ failure (SOF). Thus, DAMPs and EVs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for SOF. High plasma levels of DAMPs and EVs have been positively correlated with mortality and morbidity of patients or animals with trauma or surgical insults. Blocking or neutralizing DAMPs using antibodies or small molecules has been demonstrated to ameliorate sepsis and SOF in animal models. Furthermore, a membrane immobilized with nucleic acid-binding polymers captured and removed multiple DAMPs and EVs from extracellular fluids, thereby preventing the onset of DAMP- and EV-induced inflammatory and thrombotic complications in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of DAMPs, EVs, and SOF and discuss potential therapeutics and preventive intervention for organ failure secondary to trauma, surgery, anti-cancer therapy, and allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew S Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Paish HL, Kalson NS, Smith GR, Del Carpio Pons A, Baldock TE, Smith N, Swist-Szulik K, Weir DJ, Bardgett M, Deehan DJ, Mann DA, Borthwick LA. Fibroblasts Promote Inflammation and Pain via IL-1α Induction of the Monocyte Chemoattractant Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:696-714. [PMID: 29248462 PMCID: PMC5842035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts persist within fibrotic scar tissue and exhibit considerable phenotypic and functional plasticity. Herein, we hypothesized that scar-associated fibroblasts may be a source of stress-induced inflammatory exacerbations and pain. To test this idea, we used a human model of surgery-induced fibrosis, total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Using a combination of tissue protein expression profiling and bioinformatics, we discovered that many months after TKA, the fibrotic joint exists in a state of unresolved chronic inflammation. Moreover, the infrapatellar fat pad, a soft tissue that becomes highly fibrotic in the post-TKA joint, expresses multiple inflammatory mediators, including the monocyte chemoattractant, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 2, and the innate immune trigger, IL-1α. Fibroblasts isolated from the post-TKA fibrotic infrapatellar fat pad express the IL-1 receptor and on exposure to IL-1α polarize to a highly inflammatory state that enables them to stimulate the recruitment of monocytes. Blockade of fibroblast CCL2 or its transcriptional regulator NF-κB prevented IL-1α-induced monocyte recruitment. Clinical investigations discovered that levels of patient-reported pain in the post-TKA joint correlated with concentrations of CCL2 in the joint tissue, such that the chemokine is effectively a pain biomarker in the TKA patient. We propose that an IL-1α-NF-κB-CCL2 signaling pathway, operating within scar-associated fibroblasts, may be therapeutically manipulated for alleviating inflammation and pain in fibrotic joints and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Paish
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S Kalson
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Smith
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Del Carpio Pons
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Baldock
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Smith
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Swist-Szulik
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David J Weir
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Bardgett
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David J Deehan
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A Mann
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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45
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Caspase-11 deficiency impairs neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in the early stage of pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:490-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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46
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Zhou M, He J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Chen Y. New Frontiers in Genetics, Gut Microbiota, and Immunity: A Rosetta Stone for the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8201672. [PMID: 28831399 PMCID: PMC5558637 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8201672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated, uncontrolled, and multifactorial disorder characterized by chronic, relapsing, or progressive inflammatory conditions that may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. The protracted nature has imposed enormous economic burdens on patients with IBD, and the treatment is far from optimal due to the currently limited comprehension of IBD pathogenesis. In spite of the exact etiology still remaining an enigma, four identified components, including personal genetic susceptibility, external environment, internal gut microbiota, and the host immune response, are responsible for IBD pathogenesis, and compelling evidence has suggested that IBD may be triggered by aberrant and continuing immune responses to gut microbiota in genetically susceptibility individuals. The past decade has witnessed the flourishing of research on genetics, gut microbiota, and immunity in patients with IBD. Therefore, in this review, we will comprehensively exhibit a series of novel findings and update the major advances regarding these three fields. Undoubtedly, these novel findings have opened a new horizon and shed bright light on the causality research of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
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47
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Bartelt LA, Bolick DT, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Kolling GL, Medlock GL, Zaenker EI, Donowitz J, Thomas-Beckett RV, Rogala A, Carroll IM, Singer SM, Papin J, Swann JR, Guerrant RL. Cross-modulation of pathogen-specific pathways enhances malnutrition during enteric co-infection with Giardia lamblia and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006471. [PMID: 28750066 PMCID: PMC5549954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse enteropathogen exposures associate with childhood malnutrition. To
elucidate mechanistic pathways whereby enteric microbes interact during
malnutrition, we used protein deficiency in mice to develop a new model of
co-enteropathogen enteropathy. Focusing on common enteropathogens in
malnourished children, Giardia lamblia and enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli (EAEC), we provide new insights into
intersecting pathogen-specific mechanisms that enhance malnutrition. We show for
the first time that during protein malnutrition, the intestinal microbiota
permits persistent Giardia colonization and simultaneously
contributes to growth impairment. Despite signals of intestinal injury, such as
IL1α, Giardia-infected mice lack pro-inflammatory intestinal
responses, similar to endemic pediatric Giardia infections.
Rather, Giardia perturbs microbial host co-metabolites of
proteolysis during growth impairment, whereas host nicotinamide utilization
adaptations that correspond with growth recovery increase. EAEC promotes
intestinal inflammation and markers of myeloid cell activation. During
co-infection, intestinal inflammatory signaling and cellular recruitment
responses to EAEC are preserved together with a
Giardia-mediated diminishment in myeloid cell activation.
Conversely, EAEC extinguishes markers of host energy expenditure regulatory
responses to Giardia, as host metabolic adaptations appear
exhausted. Integrating immunologic and metabolic profiles during co-pathogen
infection and malnutrition, we develop a working mechanistic model of how
cumulative diet-induced and pathogen-triggered microbial perturbations result in
an increasingly wasted host. Malnourished children are exposed to multiple sequential, and oftentimes,
persistent enteropathogens. Intestinal microbial disruption and inflammation are
known to contribute to the pathogenesis of malnutrition, but how co-pathogens
interact with each other, with the resident microbiota, or with the host to
alter these pathways is unknown. Using a new model of enteric co-infection with
Giardia lamblia and enteroaggregative Escherichia
coli in mice fed a protein deficient diet, we identify host growth
and intestinal immune responses that are differentially mediated by
pathogen-microbe interactions, including parasite-mediated changes in intestinal
microbial host co-metabolism, and altered immune responses during co-infection.
Our data model how early life cumulative enteropathogen exposures progressively
disrupt intestinal immunity and host metabolism during crucial developmental
periods. Furthermore, studies in this co-infection model reveal new insights
into environmental and microbial determinants of pathogenicity for presently
common, but poorly understood enteropathogens like Giardia
lamblia, that may not conform to existing paradigms of microbial
pathogenesis based on single pathogen-designed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther A. Bartelt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of
America
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United
States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David T. Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of
Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of
America
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and
Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Glynis L. Kolling
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of
Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of
America
| | - Gregory L. Medlock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Edna I. Zaenker
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of
Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of
America
| | - Jeffery Donowitz
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of
Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
of America
| | - Rose Viguna Thomas-Beckett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of
America
| | - Allison Rogala
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United
States of America
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United
States of America
| | - Steven M. Singer
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United
States of America
| | - Jason Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and
Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of
Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of
America
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48
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Baldauf KJ, Royal JM, Kouokam JC, Haribabu B, Jala VR, Yaddanapudi K, Hamorsky KT, Dryden GW, Matoba N. Oral administration of a recombinant cholera toxin B subunit promotes mucosal healing in the colon. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:887-900. [PMID: 27805617 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) is a component of a licensed oral cholera vaccine. However, CTB has pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects whose impacts on the gut are not fully understood. Here, we found that oral administration in mice of a plant-made recombinant CTB (CTBp) significantly increased several immune cell populations in the colon lamina propria. Global gene expression analysis revealed that CTBp had more pronounced impacts on the colon than the small intestine, with significant activation of TGFβ-mediated pathways in the colon epithelium. The clinical relevance of CTBp-induced impacts on colonic mucosa was examined. In a human colon epithelial model using Caco2 cells, CTBp, but not the non-GM1-binding mutant G33D-CTBp, induced TGFβ-mediated wound healing. In a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) acute colitis mouse model, oral administration of CTBp protected against colon mucosal damage as manifested by mitigated body weight loss, decreased histopathological scores, and blunted escalation of inflammatory cytokine levels while inducing wound healing-related genes. Furthermore, biweekly oral administration of CTBp significantly reduced disease severity and tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane/DSS model of ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Altogether, these results demonstrate CTBp's ability to enhance mucosal healing in the colon, highlighting its potential application in ulcerative colitis therapy besides cholera vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Baldauf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - J M Royal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Owensboro Cancer Research Program of James Graham Brown Cancer Center at University of Louisville School of Medicine, Owensboro, Kentucky, USA
| | - J C Kouokam
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program of James Graham Brown Cancer Center at University of Louisville School of Medicine, Owensboro, Kentucky, USA
| | - B Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - V R Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - K Yaddanapudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - K T Hamorsky
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program of James Graham Brown Cancer Center at University of Louisville School of Medicine, Owensboro, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - G W Dryden
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - N Matoba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Owensboro Cancer Research Program of James Graham Brown Cancer Center at University of Louisville School of Medicine, Owensboro, Kentucky, USA
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49
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Takahashi K, Ohta T. Membrane translocation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 induced by inflammatory cytokines in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28629997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is known as one of the nociceptors expressed in sensory neurons. It also plays a role in non-neural cells in inflammatory sites. However, the regulatory mechanisms for the reactivity of TRPA1 in these cells under inflammatory conditions are not clear. To clarify these mechanisms, we examined the effects of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]) on TRPA1 reactivity and expression in the endogenously TRPA1-expressing lung tumor cell line A549. Treatment with IL-1α, but not IL-1β or TNFα, increased the number of cells responding to allyl isothiocyanate, a TRPA1 agonist, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IL-1α-induced increase of TRPA1 responsiveness was inhibited by an extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) inhibitor (PD98059) but not by inhibitors of c-Jun kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Phosphorylation of Erk gradually increased at 24 h after its transient induction in cells treated with IL-1α. IL-1α increased the TRPA1 levels on biotinylated cell surface proteins. These results suggest that IL-1α enhances the translocation of TRPA1 to the plasma membrane via the activation of Erk in A549. TRPA1 may have a pathophysiological role in non-neural lung cells under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Toshio Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 680-8553, Japan.
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50
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Valatas V, Filidou E, Drygiannakis I, Kolios G. Stromal and immune cells in gut fibrosis: the myofibroblast and the scarface. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:393-404. [PMID: 28655975 PMCID: PMC5479991 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-inflammatory scarring is the end-result of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and tissue architectural destruction. It represents a failure to effectively remodel ECM and achieve proper reinstitution and healing during chronic relapsing inflammatory processes. Scarring may affect the functionality of any organ, and in the case of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated fibrosis leads to stricture formation and often surgery to remove the affected bowel. The activated myofibroblast is the final effector cell that overproduces ECM under the influence of various mediators generated by an intense interplay of classic and non-classic immune cells. This review focuses on how proinflammatory mediators from various sources produced in different stages of intestinal inflammation can form profibrotic pathways that eventually lead to tissue scarring through sustained activation of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Valatas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
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