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Choi YH, Lee JY, Moon KW. Exposure to volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adolescents: Korea National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015-2017. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 251:114508. [PMID: 36621033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent liver diseases among adolescents. Several animal studies have suggested that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increase NAFLD risk. However, few epidemiological studies have confirmed the association between VOCs, PAHs and NAFLD in the general adolescent population. Therefore, we analyzed 798 adolescents from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS), 2015-2017, to examine the associations of urinary metabolites of VOCs and PAHs with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and NAFLD prevalence. We performed linear regression, logistic regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the association of urinary VOCs and PAHs metabolites with ALT levels and NAFLD prevalence. After adjusting for all covariates, urinary benzylmercapturic acid and 2-hydroxyfluorene levels were found to increase ALT activity and NAFLD prevalence. Additionally, the BKMR analyses showed a significantly positive overall effect on ALT activity and NAFLD prevalence with urinary concentrations of VOCs and PAHs metabolites, with 2-hydroxyfluorene as the biggest contributor. Our study suggests that exposure to low-level VOCs and PAHs may have a detrimental effect on NAFLD risk in adolescents. Given the increasing prevalence of NAFLD in adolescents, future cohort studies are confirmed to comprehend the effect of these chemicals on NAFLD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Salazar G, Leyton B, Aguirre C, Anziani A, Weisstaub G, Corvalán C. Anthropometric and bioimpedance equations for fat and fat-free mass in Chilean children 7-9 years of age. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:37-42. [PMID: 33028443 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520003906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Assessing children's growth adequately is important due to the necessary prevention of adequate body composition, especially at pre-pubertal age. Simpler measurements such as anthropometry or bioimpedance, using equations validated in Caucasian children, have been demonstrated to overestimate or underestimate fat mass percentage (FM%) or fat-free mass (FFM) in Chilean children. In a sample of 424 children (198 boys and 226 girls) of 7-9 years old, the three component (3C) model was assessed, where total body water was determined by 2H dilution and body volume by air displacement plethysmography, in order to design and validate anthropometry and bioimpedance equations. The FM (%) equation specific for Chilean children was validated as (1·743 × BMI z-score) + (0·727 × triceps skinfold) + (0·385 × biceps skinfold) + 15·985, against the 3C model (R2 0·79). The new FFM equation (kg) generated was (log FFM = (0·018 × age) + (0·047 × sex) + (0·006 × weight) + (0·027 × resistance) + 2·071), with an R2 0·93 (female = 1 and male = 2). The Bland-Altman analysis shows a mean difference of 0·27 (sd 3·5) for the FM% in the whole group as well as 0·004 (sd 0·9) kg is the mean difference for the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) FFM (kg) equation. The new equations for FM (%) and FFM (kg) in Chilean children will provide a simple and valid tool for the assessment of body composition in cohort studies or to assess the impact of nutritional programmes or public policies.
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El Kouki D, El Kari K, Ben Jemaa H, Draoui J, Oueslati S, Chichi S, Jamoussi H, Agnuenaou H, Aouidet A, Mankaï A. Relevance of body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis vs. deuterium dilution technique to assess excess of fat among young adults. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2021; 57:193-203. [PMID: 33372545 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1860958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the nutritional status by using body composition among young Tunisian adults through three measurement methods: body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and deuterium oxide dilution technique (2H2O) and to determine the accuracy of BMI and BIA in order to evaluate the overweight and obesity among young adults in Tunisia. Our study involved 144 young adults. Anthropometric parameters were measured. The fat mass percentage (%FM) was determined by 2H2O and BIA techniques. The analysis of deuterium enrichment was performed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). According to BMI, 26.4% of subjects were overweight and 5.5% were obese. The mean of %FM estimated by BIA was significantly higher than that determined by 2H2O (29.7 ± 7.7 vs. 26.3 ± 10.6, p < .0001). Consequently, the prevalence of overweight and obesity assessed by BIA was significantly higher than by 2H2O (51.4% vs. 34%, p < .0001). Using BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar to that estimated by 2H2O (31.9% vs. 34%, p = 0.544). Compared to 2H2O, BIA overestimates the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults. On the other hand, the BMI showed an interesting correlation with the %FM determined by 2H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia El Kouki
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit "Obesity: etiopathology and treatment, UR18ES01", National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Khalid El Kari
- Joint Unit of Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Ibn Tofail University-CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Houda Ben Jemaa
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory SURVEN, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jihéne Draoui
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit "Obesity: etiopathology and treatment, UR18ES01", National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Syrine Oueslati
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Syrine Chichi
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- Research Unit "Obesity: etiopathology and treatment, UR18ES01", National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Agnuenaou
- Joint Unit of Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Ibn Tofail University-CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Aouidet
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory SURVEN, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amani Mankaï
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Lee Y, Savaiano DA, McCabe GP, Pottenger FM, Welshimer K, Weaver CM, McCabe LD, Novotny R, Read M, Going S, Mason A, Van Loan M, Boushey CJ. Behavioral Intervention in Adolescents Improves Bone Mass, Yet Lactose Maldigestion Is a Barrier. Nutrients 2018; 10:E421. [PMID: 29597337 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium intake during adolescence is important for attainment of peak bone mass. Lactose maldigestion is an autosomal recessive trait, leading to lower calcium intake. The Adequate Calcium Today study aimed to determine if a school-based targeted behavioral intervention over one year could improve calcium intake and bone mass in early adolescent girls. The school-randomized intervention was conducted at middle schools in six states over one school year. A total of 473 girls aged 10–13 years were recruited for outcome assessments. Bone mineral content (BMC) was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary calcium intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Baseline calcium intake and BMC were not significantly different between groups. After the intervention period, there were no differences in changes in calcium intake and BMC at any site between groups. An unanticipated outcome was a greater increase in spinal BMC among lactose digesters than lactose maldigesters in the intervention schools only (12 months) (6.9 ± 0.3 g vs. 6.0 ± 0.4 g, p = 0.03) and considering the entire study period (18 months) (9.9 ± 0.4 vs. 8.7 ± 0.5 g, p < 0.01). Overall, no significant differences between the intervention and control schools were observed. However, lactose digesters who received the intervention program increased bone mass to a greater extent than lactose maldigesters.
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Peacock SJ, Coats BR, Kirkland JK, Tanner CA, Garland T, Middleton KM. Predicting the bending properties of long bones: Insights from an experimental mouse model. Am J Phys Anthropol 2018; 165:457-470. [PMID: 29154456 PMCID: PMC5823733 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analyses of bone cross-sectional geometry are frequently used by anthropologists and paleontologists to infer the loading histories of past populations. To address some underlying assumptions, we investigated the relative roles of genetics and exercise on bone cross-sectional geometry and bending mechanics in three mouse strains: high bone density (C3H/He), low bone density (C57BL/6), and a high-runner strain homozygous for the Myh4Minimsc allele (MM). METHODS AND MATERIALS Weanlings of each strain were divided into exercise (wheel) or control (sedentary) treatment groups for a 7-week experimental period. Morphometrics of the femoral mid-diaphysis and mechanical testing were used to assess both theoretical and ex vivo bending mechanics. RESULTS Across all measured morphological and bending traits, we found relatively small effects of exercise treatment compared to larger and more frequent interstrain differences. In the exercised group, total distance run over the experimental period was not a predictor of any morphological or bending traits. Cross-sectional geometry did not accurately predict bone response to loading. DISCUSSION Results from this experimental model do not support hypothesized associations among extreme exercise, cross-sectional geometry, and bending mechanics. Our results suggest that analysis of cross-sectional geometry alone is insufficient to predict loading response, and questions the common assumption that cross-sectional geometry differences are indicative of differential loading history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Peacock
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - J Kyle Kirkland
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Kevin M Middleton
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Ben Jemaa H, Mankaï A, Khlifi S, Minaoui R, Ghozzi D, Zediri M, Kortobi B, Karmous I, Ben Hmad H, Ben Slama F, Jamoussi H, Aguenaou H, El Kari K, Aouidet A. Development and validation of impedance-based equations for the prediction of total body water and fat-free mass in children aged 8-11 years. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:227-33. [PMID: 29429643 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Accuracy of impedance analysis depends on population-specific prediction equations. The aim of this study was to propose new prediction equations to estimate body composition using impedance analysis for healthy Tunisian children and validate them using the deuterium oxide dilution (D2O) technique. SUBJECTS/METHODS Body composition was estimated by the Tanita impedance analyzer. The validity of this system was investigated in 134 school children aged between 8 and 11 years. The validity of other published equations was also tested in our sample. Total body water (TBW) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) were determined using the D2O technique. Participants were divided equally into development (n = 67) and validation groups (n = 67) to develop prediction equation using linear regression models. RESULTS The comparison between body composition obtained by Tanita system and by D2O technique illustrated a significant difference (p < 0.01). Compared to D2O technique, Tanita impedance analysis underestimates fat mass and overestimates FFM and TBW. The prediction equations for TBW and FFM were developed with sex, age, weight and resistance index as possible predictor variables. The selected equations presented the highest adjusted coefficient of determination (R2), the lowest standard error of the estimate (SEE) value and the lowest p-values. The pure error was 1.263 for the TBW equation and 1.646 for the FFM. The Bland Altman plot illustrated the good level of concordance between the TBW and FFM predicted by the new equations and measured by isotope dilution. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides valid prediction equations for estimation of TBW, FFM from impedance analysis measures for Tunisian children. These equations are applicable to children aged between 8 and 11 years.
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Smith G, Wimalawansa SJ, Laillou A, Sophonneary P, Un S, Hong R, Poirot E, Kuong K, Chamnan C, De Los Reyes FN, Wieringa FT. High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Cambodian Women: A Common Deficiency in a Sunny Country. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050290. [PMID: 27187456 PMCID: PMC4882703 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that in spite of being generally close to the equator; vitamin D deficiency is common in South East Asian countries. In order to quantify micronutrient status for women and children in Cambodia; a nationally-representative survey was conducted in 2014 linked to the Cambodian Demographic Health Survey. The countrywide median of 25(OH)D was, respectively, 64.9 and 91.1 nmol/L for mothers and children. Based on The Endocrine Society cutoffs (>50<75 nmol/L = insufficiency; ≤50 nmol/L = deficiency); 64.6% of mothers and 34.8% of their children had plasma vitamin D concentrations indicating insufficiency or deficiency. For deficiency alone, 29% of the mothers were found to be vitamin D deficient, but only 13.4% of children. Children who live in urban areas had a 43% higher rate of vitamin D insufficiency versus those who live in rural areas (OR; 1.434; 95% CI: 1.007; 2.041). However, such differences were not observed in their mothers. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is likely in part due to lifestyle choices, including sun avoidance, increasingly predominant indoor work, and covered transport. These survey findings support the need for a broader national Cambodian study incorporating testing of adult men, adolescents and the elderly, and encompassing other parameters such as skeletal health. However, the data presented in this study already show significant deficiencies which need to be addressed and we discuss the benefit of establishing nationally-mandated food fortification programs to enhance the intake of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffry Smith
- International Life Sciences Institute, South East Asia Region, 9 Mohamed Sultan Road #02-01, Singapore 238959, Singapore.
- Essential Micronutrients Foundation, 3 Pickering Street, #02-36 Nankin Row, China Square Central, Singapore 048660, Singapore.
| | - Sunil J Wimalawansa
- Cardio Metabolic Institute, Medicine, Endocrinology & Nutrition, 661 Darmody Avenue, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.
| | - Arnaud Laillou
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 street 75, Phnom Penh 12202, Cambodia.
| | - Prak Sophonneary
- National Nutrition Program, Maternal and Child Health Center, No. 31A, Rue de France (St. 47), Phnom Penh 12202, Cambodia.
| | - Samoeurn Un
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 street 75, Phnom Penh 12202, Cambodia.
| | - Rathavuth Hong
- ICF International, 530 Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Etienne Poirot
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 street 75, Phnom Penh 12202, Cambodia.
| | - Khov Kuong
- Department of Fisheries Post-harvest Technologies and Quality control (DFPTQ), Fisheries Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), 186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia.
- Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Bülowsvej 17, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark.
| | - Chhoun Chamnan
- Department of Fisheries Post-harvest Technologies and Quality control (DFPTQ), Fisheries Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), 186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia.
| | | | - Frank T Wieringa
- Institute of Research for Development (IRD), UMR Nutripass IRD-UM2-UM1, Montpellier 3400, France.
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Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture has been found associated with many clinical risk factors, and the associations have been explored dominantly by evidence-based and case-control approaches. The major challenges emerging from the studies are the large number of the risk factors, the difficulty in quantification, the incomplete list, and the interdependence of the risk factors. A biomechanical sorting of the risk factors may shed lights on resolving the above issues. Based on the definition of load-strength ratio (LSR), we first identified the four biomechanical variables determining fracture risk, i.e., the risk of fall, impact force, bone quality, and bone geometry. Then, we explored the links between the FRAX clinical risk factors and the biomechanical variables by looking for evidences in the literature. To accurately assess fracture risk, none of the four biomechanical variables can be ignored and their values must be subject-specific. A clinical risk factor contributes to osteoporotic fracture by affecting one or more of the biomechanical variables. A biomechanical variable represents the integral effect from all the clinical risk factors linked to the variable. The clinical risk factors in FRAX mostly stand for bone quality. The other three biomechanical variables are not adequately represented by the clinical risk factors. From the biomechanical viewpoint, most clinical risk factors are interdependent to each other as they affect the same biomechanical variable(s). As biomechanical variables must be expressed in numbers before their use in calculating LSR, the numerical value of a biomechanical variable can be used as a gauge of the linked clinical risk factors to measure their integral effect on fracture risk, which may be more efficient than to study each individual risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy, South Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
RATIONALE This study intends to identify differences in growth of Asian and White girls. MAIN RESULT Asian girls gained bone at similar rates to White girls. Physical activity was important to bone growth. Ethnic differences remained after adjusting for physical activity, demographics, and diet. SIGNIFICANCE Physical activity can improve bone gain. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body size and bone growth of Asian, White, and Asian-White Mixed girls. METHODS Three prospective examinations of 99 Asian, 73 White, and 63 Mixed Asian and White girls, with a mean age of 11.0 years at enrollment were performed. Calcaneal bone mass, skeletal breadths, and body fat were measured. Physical activity, diet, and birth size were reported. The analyses examined the extent that body dimensions and bone size changed over time by demographic, diet, physical activity, body, and bone size parameters. RESULTS White children were the most physically active yet had lower calcaneal ultrasound values for speed of sound (SOS). Based on regression models, bone mass, and subscapular skinfold thickness were greater in Asian girls compared to White and Asian-White Mixed girls at age 10 years. Asian-White Mixed girls had greater BMI compared to Asian or White girls. Asian girls gained body size more slowly than White girls, but changes in bone parameters did not differ significantly; Asian-White Mixed girls gained abdomen, hip, and weight more slowly than White girls. Among all girls, SOS and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) increased significantly by level of physical activity before 12 years, but not after. CONCLUSIONS Asian girls had more upper body (subscapular) fat at age 10 years and gained height and hip and abdomen circumferences more slowly than Asian-White and White girls. Asian girls had greater bone SOS and BUA at age 10 years but gained bone at similar rates to White girls. Physical activity was especially important to bone growth before age 12 years. However, ethnic differences remained after adjusting for physical activity, demographic, and dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Novotny
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - James Davis
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Aguirre CA, Salazar GDC, Lopez de Romaña DV, Kain JA, Corvalán CL, Uauy RE. Evaluation of simple body composition methods: assessment of validity in prepubertal Chilean children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:269-73. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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