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Crim C, Stone S, Millar V, Lettis S, Bel EH, Menzies-Gow A, Chanez P, Wenzel S, Lugogo N, Bleecker ER. IL-33 receptor inhibition in subjects with uncontrolled asthma: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2022; 1:198-208. [PMID: 37779541 PMCID: PMC10509964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Most biologics for severe asthma target only type 2 immunity. Inhibition of IL-33 signaling has the potential to target type 2 and non-type 2 pathways. Objective This multicenter phase IIA study evaluated the safety and efficacy of GSK3772847, a human mAb directed against the IL-33 receptor (IL-33R) in subjects with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma. Methods Adults with uncontrolled asthma despite inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist therapy received equivalent replacement medication (open-label fluticasone propionate/salmeterol [500/50 μg, twice daily]) for 2 weeks before randomization at week 0. At weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12, participants were administered blinded placebo or 10 mg/kg of intravenous GSK3772847. At week 2, salmeterol was discontinued; thereafter, fluticasone propionate was titrated by approximately 50% on weeks 4, 6, 8, and 10. Asthma control was assessed until week 16. Participants with loss of asthma control discontinued treatment. The primary end point was loss of asthma control; secondary end points were the efficacy, safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of GSK3772847. Results At week 16, 56 participants (81%) and 45 (66%) receiving placebo and GSK3772847, respectively, had loss of asthma control (an 18% reduction [95% credible interval = 2%-35%]). Early loss of asthma control prevented full analysis of the secondary efficacy end points after week 4. The most frequent classes of treatment-related adverse events were cardiac disorders (n = 3 [4%] in both groups) and musculoskeletal/connective tissue disorders (with GSK3772847, n = 3 [4%]; with placebo n = 0). Target engagement of IL-33R by GSK3772847 was demonstrated. Conclusion Treatment with GSK3772847 may be beneficial for patients with uncontrolled asthma. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Crim
- Research and Development, GSK, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Sally Stone
- Biostatistics, GSK, Stockley Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Millar
- Biostatistics, GSK, Stockley Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Lettis
- Biostatistics, GSK, Stockley Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth H. Bel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Menzies-Gow
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, C2VN Inserm University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Njira Lugogo
- Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
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Lee EY, Mak ACY, Hu D, Sajuthi S, White MJ, Keys KL, Eckalbar W, Bonser L, Huntsman S, Urbanek C, Eng C, Jain D, Abecasis G, Kang HM, Germer S, Zody MC, Nickerson DA, Erle D, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Santana J, Seibold MA, Burchard EG. Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies Novel Functional Loci Associated with Lung Function in Puerto Rican Youth. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:962-972. [PMID: 32459537 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0351oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Puerto Ricans have the highest childhood asthma prevalence in the United States (23.6%); however, the etiology is uncertain.Objectives: In this study, we sought to uncover the genetic architecture of lung function in Puerto Rican youth with and without asthma who were recruited from the island (n = 836).Methods: We used admixture-mapping and whole-genome sequencing data to discover genomic regions associated with lung function. Functional roles of the prioritized candidate SNPs were examined with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA sequencing, and expression quantitative trait loci data.Measurements and Main Results: We discovered a genomic region at 1q32 that was significantly associated with a 0.12-L decrease in the lung volume of exhaled air (95% confidence interval, -0.17 to -0.07; P = 6.62 × 10-8) with each allele of African ancestry. Within this region, two SNPs were expression quantitative trait loci of TMEM9 in nasal airway epithelial cells and MROH3P in esophagus mucosa. The minor alleles of these SNPs were associated with significantly decreased lung function and decreased TMEM9 gene expression. Another admixture-mapping peak was observed on chromosome 5q35.1, indicating that each Native American ancestry allele was associated with a 0.15-L increase in lung function (95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.21; P = 5.03 × 10-6). The region-based association tests identified four suggestive windows that harbored candidate rare variants associated with lung function.Conclusions: We identified common and rare genetic variants that may play a critical role in lung function among Puerto Rican youth. We independently validated an inflammatory pathway that could potentially be used to develop more targeted treatments and interventions for patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Angel C Y Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Satria Sajuthi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and
| | - Marquitta J White
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevin L Keys
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Luke Bonser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cydney Urbanek
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Hyun M Kang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Northwest Genomics Center, Seattle, Washington.,Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Max A Seibold
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and.,Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Niu H, Niu W, Yu T, Dong F, Huang K, Duan R, Qumu S, Lu M, Li Y, Yang T, Wang C. Association of RAGE gene multiple variants with the risk for COPD and asthma in northern Han Chinese. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3220-3237. [PMID: 31141790 PMCID: PMC6555453 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental data have shown that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. In this study, we genotyped five widely-evaluated variants in RAGE gene, aiming to assess their association with the risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in northern Han Chinese. Genotypes were determined in 105 COPD patients, 242 asthma patients and 527 controls. In single-locus analysis, there was significant difference in the genotype distributions of rs1800624 between COPD patients and controls (p=0.022), and the genotype and allele distributions of rs1800625 differed significantly (p=0.040 and 0.016) between asthma patients and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype T-A-G-T (allele order: rs1800625, rs1800624, rs2070600, rs184003) was significantly associated with a reduced COPD risk (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.06-0.60), and haplotype T-A-A-G was significantly associated with a reduced asthma risk (OR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.04-0.96). Further haplotype-phenotype analysis showed that high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen were significant mediators for COPD (psim=0.041, 0.043 and 0.030, respectively), and total cholesterol was a significant mediator for asthma (psim=0.009). Taken together, our findings indicate that RAGE gene is a promising candidate for COPD and asthma, and importantly both disorders are genetically heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Niu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruirui Duan
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shiwei Qumu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Minya Lu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,Clinical Diagnosis Department of Respiratory Diseases Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,Clinical Diagnosis Department of Respiratory Diseases Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Herrera-Luis E, Hernandez-Pacheco N, Vijverberg SJ, Flores C, Pino-Yanes M. Role of genomics in asthma exacerbations. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2019; 25:101-12. [PMID: 30334825 DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma exacerbations have been suggested to result from complex interactions between genetic and nongenetic components. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic association studies of asthma exacerbations, their main results and limitations, as well as future directions of this field. RECENT FINDINGS Most studies on asthma exacerbations have been performed using a candidate-gene approach. Although few genome-wide association studies of asthma exacerbations have been conducted up to date, they have revealed promising associations but with small effect sizes. Additionally, the analysis of interactions between genetic and environmental factors has contributed to better understand of genotype-specific responses in asthma exacerbations. SUMMARY Genetic association studies have allowed identifying the 17q21 locus and the ADRB2 gene as the loci most consistently associated with asthma exacerbations. Future studies should explore the full spectrum of genetic variation and will require larger sample sizes, a better representation of racial/ethnic diversity and a more precise definition of asthma exacerbations. Additionally, the analysis of important environmental gene-environment analysis and the integration of multiple omics will allow understanding the genetic factors and biological processes underlying the risk for asthma exacerbations.
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5
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Gignoux CR, Torgerson DG, Pino-Yanes M, Uricchio LH, Galanter J, Roth LA, Eng C, Hu D, Nguyen EA, Huntsman S, Mathias RA, Kumar R, Rodriguez-Santana J, Thakur N, Oh SS, McGarry M, Moreno-Estrada A, Sandoval K, Winkler CA, Seibold MA, Padhukasahasram B, Conti DV, Farber HJ, Avila P, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Lenoir M, Meade K, Serebrisky D, Borrell LN, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Thyne S, Joubert BR, Romieu I, Levin AM, Sienra-Monge JJ, Del Rio-Navarro BE, Gan W, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Bleecker E, Meyers DA, Martinez FJ, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland F, London SJ, Bustamante CD, Nicolae DL, Ober C, Sen S, Barnes K, Williams LK, Hernandez RD, Burchard EG. An admixture mapping meta-analysis implicates genetic variation at 18q21 with asthma susceptibility in Latinos. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:957-969. [PMID: 30201514 PMCID: PMC6927816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common but complex disease with racial/ethnic differences in prevalence, morbidity, and response to therapies. OBJECTIVE We sought to perform an analysis of genetic ancestry to identify new loci that contribute to asthma susceptibility. METHODS We leveraged the mixed ancestry of 3902 Latinos and performed an admixture mapping meta-analysis for asthma susceptibility. We replicated associations in an independent study of 3774 Latinos, performed targeted sequencing for fine mapping, and tested for disease correlations with gene expression in the whole blood of more than 500 subjects from 3 racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS We identified a genome-wide significant admixture mapping peak at 18q21 in Latinos (P = 6.8 × 10-6), where Native American ancestry was associated with increased risk of asthma (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.34; P = .002) and European ancestry was associated with protection (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.96; P = .008). Our findings were replicated in an independent childhood asthma study in Latinos (P = 5.3 × 10-3, combined P = 2.6 × 10-7). Fine mapping of 18q21 in 1978 Latinos identified a significant association with multiple variants 5' of SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) in Mexicans, whereas a single rare variant in the same window was the top association in Puerto Ricans. Low versus high SMAD2 blood expression was correlated with case status (13.4% lower expression; OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.12-7.28; P < .001). In addition, lower expression of SMAD2 was associated with more frequent exacerbations among Puerto Ricans with asthma. CONCLUSION Ancestry at 18q21 was significantly associated with asthma in Latinos and implicated multiple ancestry-informative noncoding variants upstream of SMAD2 with asthma susceptibility. Furthermore, decreased SMAD2 expression in blood was strongly associated with increased asthma risk and increased exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Gignoux
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Dara G Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lawrence H Uricchio
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Joshua Galanter
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Lindsey A Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Elizabeth A Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Neeta Thakur
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sam S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Meghan McGarry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Karla Sandoval
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Molecular Genetics Epidemiology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md
| | - Max A Seibold
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Badri Padhukasahasram
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Harold J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Pedro Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Kelley Meade
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, Calif
| | | | - Luisa N Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Public Health, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Shannon Thyne
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Bonnie R Joubert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Albert M Levin
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich
| | - Juan-Jose Sienra-Monge
- Departmento de Alergia e Inmunologia, Clinica Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Weiniu Gan
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Eugene Bleecker
- Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Stephanie J London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Dan L Nicolae
- Physical Sciences Division, Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Kathleen Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich; Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich
| | - Ryan D Hernandez
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
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Talwar A, Garcia JGN, Tsai H, Moreno M, Lahm T, Zamanian RT, Machado R, Kawut SM, Selej M, Mathai S, D'Anna LH, Sahni S, Rodriquez EJ, Channick R, Fagan K, Gray M, Armstrong J, Rodriguez Lopez J, de Jesus Perez V. Health Disparities in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Blueprint for Action. An Official American Thoracic Society Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:e32-e47. [PMID: 29028375 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1821st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health disparities have a major impact in the quality of life and clinical care received by minorities in the United States. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiopulmonary disorder that affects children and adults and that, if untreated, results in premature death. The impact of health disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcome of patients with PAH has not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVES The specific goals of this research statement were to conduct a critical review of the literature concerning health disparities in PAH, identify major research gaps and prioritize direction for future research. METHODS Literature searches from multiple reference databases were performed using medical subject headings and text words for pulmonary hypertension and health disparities. Members of the committee discussed the evidence and provided recommendations for future research. RESULTS Few studies were found discussing the impact of health disparities in PAH. Using recent research statements focused on health disparities, the group identified six major study topics that would help address the contribution of health disparities to PAH. Representative studies in each topic were discussed and specific recommendations were made by the group concerning the most urgent questions to address in future research studies. CONCLUSIONS At present, there are few studies that address health disparities in PAH. Given the potential adverse impact of health disparities, we recommend that research efforts be undertaken to address the topics discussed in the document. Awareness of health disparities will likely improve advocacy efforts, public health policy and the quality of care of vulnerable populations with PAH.
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7
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Franklin JM, Grunwell JR, Bruce AC, Smith RC, Fitzpatrick AM. Predictors of emergency department use in children with persistent asthma in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 119:129-136. [PMID: 28479192 PMCID: PMC5604877 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities are evident among children with asthma in the United States, with non-Hispanic black children at particularly high risk for poor asthma outcomes, including frequent emergency department (ED) use for asthma exacerbations. OBJECTIVE To compare asthma features in non-Hispanic black vs white children in Atlanta, Georgia, and determine what clinical features predict future ED use for asthma. METHODS Self-reported black and white children 6 to 17 years of age with persistent asthma treated with controller medications completed medical history questionnaires, lung function testing, aeroallergen sensitization testing, and venipuncture. Medical records were reviewed for asthma-related ED visits for 12 months after the initial study visit. RESULTS A total of 276 children were enrolled. Black children, compared with white children, resided in more disadvantaged zip code areas and were more likely to have public insurance. Black children also had more features of asthma severity and more ED visits during the study period. Predictors of ED use, aside from a previous ED visit, differed by race. After adjustment for socioeconomic status, predictors of ED use in white children included an ED visit in the previous year and sensitization to pets and dust; in black children, predictors included ED use in the previous year, the number of asthma controller medications, forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than 80% predicted, blood eosinophil count greater than 4%, and mold sensitization. CONCLUSION Asthma features and ED use differ between black and white children in metropolitan Atlanta. Strategies to eliminate allergen exposure in the home and improve asthma control in these children may require tailoring for different racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice C Bruce
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robin C Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hernandez-Pacheco N, Flores C, Oh SS, Burchard EG, Pino-Yanes M. What Ancestry Can Tell Us About the Genetic Origins of Inter-Ethnic Differences in Asthma Expression. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:53. [PMID: 27393700 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Differences in asthma prevalence have been described across different populations, suggesting that genetic ancestry can play an important role in this disease. In fact, several studies have demonstrated an association between African ancestry with increased asthma susceptibility and severity, higher immunoglobulin E levels, and lower lung function. In contrast, Native American ancestry has been shown to have a protective role for this disease. Genome-wide association studies have allowed the identification of population-specific genetic variants with varying allele frequency among populations. Additionally, the correlation of genetic ancestry at the chromosomal level with asthma and related traits by means of admixture mapping has revealed regions of the genome where ancestry is correlated with the disease. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the association of genetic ancestry with asthma susceptibility and asthma-related traits, and highlight the regions of the genome harboring ancestry-specific genetic risk factors.
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9
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Louvain de Souza T, de Souza Campos Fernandes RC, Azevedo da Silva J, Gomes Alves Júnior V, Gomes Coelho A, Souza Faria AC, Moreira Salomão Simão NM, Souto Filho JT, Deswarte C, Boisson-Dupuis S, Torgerson D, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Medina-Acosta E. Microbial Disease Spectrum Linked to a Novel IL-12Rβ1 N-Terminal Signal Peptide Stop-Gain Homozygous Mutation with Paradoxical Receptor Cell-Surface Expression. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:616. [PMID: 28450854 PMCID: PMC5389975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) exhibit variable vulnerability to infections by mycobacteria and other intramacrophagic bacteria (e.g., Salmonella and Klebsiella) and fungi (e.g., Histoplasma, Candida, Paracoccidioides, Coccidioides, and Cryptococcus). The hallmark of MSMD is the inherited impaired production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or the lack of response to it. Mutations in the interleukin (IL)-12 receptor subunit beta 1 (IL12RB1) gene accounts for 38% of cases of MSMD. Most IL12RB1 pathogenic allele mutations, including ten known stop-gain variants, cause IL-12Rβ1 complete deficiency (immunodeficiency-30, IMD30) by knocking out receptor cell-surface expression. IL12RB1 loss-of-function genotypes impair both IL-12 and IL-23 responses. Here, we assess the health effects of a rare, novel IL12RB1 stop-gain homozygous genotype with paradoxical IL-12Rβ1 cell-surface expression. We appraise four MSMD children from three unrelated Brazilian kindreds by clinical consultation, medical records, and genetic and immunologic studies. The clinical spectrum narrowed down to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine-related suppurative adenitis in all patients with one death, and recrudescence in two, histoplasmosis, and recurrence in one patient, extraintestinal salmonellosis in one child, and cutaneous vasculitis in another. In three patients, we established the homozygous Trp7Ter predicted loss-of-function inherited genotype and inferred it from the heterozygote parents of the fourth case. The Trp7Ter mutation maps to the predicted IL-12Rβ1 N-terminal signal peptide sequence. BCG- or phytohemagglutinin-blasts from the three patients have reduced cell-surface expression of IL-12Rβ1 with impaired production of IFN-γ and IL-17A. Screening of 227 unrelated healthy subjects from the same geographic region revealed one heterozygous genotype (allele frequency 0.0022) vs. one in over 841,883 public genome/exomes. We also show that the carriers bear European ancestry-informative alleles and share the extended CACCAGTCCGG IL12RB1 haplotype that occurs worldwide with a frequency of 8.4%. We conclude that the novel IL12RB1 N-terminal signal peptide stop-gain loss-of-function homozygous genotype confers IL-12Rβ1 deficiency with varying severity and early-onset age through diminished cell-surface expression of an impaired IL-12Rβ1 polypeptide. We firmly recommend attending to warning signs of IMD30 in children who are HIV-1 negative with a history of adverse effects to the BCG vaccine and presenting with recurrent Histoplasma spp. and extraintestinal Salmonella spp. infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Louvain de Souza
- Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de CamposCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Regina C de Souza Campos Fernandes
- Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de CamposCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Juliana Azevedo da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Gomes Alves Júnior
- Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de CamposCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleParis, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases: Mendelian Predisposition, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes UniversityParis, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleParis, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases: Mendelian Predisposition, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes UniversityParis, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Dara Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleParis, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases: Mendelian Predisposition, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes UniversityParis, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisParis, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleParis, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases: Mendelian Predisposition, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes UniversityParis, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA.,Study Center of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParis, France
| | - Enrique Medina-Acosta
- Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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10
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Karol SE, Larsen E, Cheng C, Cao X, Yang W, Ramsey LB, Fernandez CA, McCorkle JR, Paugh SW, Autry RJ, Lopez-Lopez E, Diouf B, Jeha S, Pui CH, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP, Loh ML, Devidas M, Evans WE, Yang JJ, Relling MV. Genetics of ancestry-specific risk for relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:1325-1332. [PMID: 28096535 PMCID: PMC5462853 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The causes of individual relapses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain incompletely understood. We evaluated the contribution of germline genetic factors to relapse in 2,225 children treated on Children’s Oncology Group trial AALL0232. We identified 302 germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with relapse after adjusting for treatment and ancestry and 715 additional SNPs associated with relapse in an ancestry-specific manner. We tested for replication of these relapse-associated SNPs in external data sets of antileukemic drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and an independent clinical cohort. 224 SNPs were associated with rapid drug clearance or drug resistance, and 32 were replicated in the independent cohort. The adverse risk associated with black and Hispanic ancestries was attenuated by addition of the 4 SNPs most strongly associated with relapse in these populations [for blacks: model without SNPs hazard ratio (HR) =2.32, P=2.27×10−4, model with SNPs HR=1.07, P=0.79; for Hispanics: model without SNPs HR=1.7, P=8.23×10−5, model with SNPs HR=1.31, P=0.065]. Relapse SNPs associated with asparaginase resistance or allergy were overrepresented among SNPs associated with relapse in the more asparaginase intensive treatment arm (20/54 in Capizzi-methorexate arm vs. 8/54 in high-dose methotrexate arm, P=0.015). Inherited genetic variation contributes to race-specific and treatment-specific relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Karol
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - C Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - X Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - W Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L B Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacy Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - C A Fernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J R McCorkle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S W Paugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R J Autry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - B Diouf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - C-H Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E A Raetz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - N J Winick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W L Carroll
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Devidas
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - W E Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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11
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Faruque MU, Chen G, Doumatey AP, Zhou J, Huang H, Shriner D, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN, Dunston GM. Transferability of genome-wide associated loci for asthma in African Americans. J Asthma 2017; 54:1-8. [PMID: 27177148 PMCID: PMC5300042 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1188941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transferability of significantly associated loci or GWAS "hits" adds credibility to genotype-disease associations and provides evidence for generalizability across different ancestral populations. We sought evidence of association of known asthma-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an African American population. METHODS Subjects comprised 661 participants (261 asthma cases and 400 controls) from the Howard University Family Study. Forty-eight SNPs previously reported to be associated with asthma by GWAS were selected for testing. We adopted a combined strategy by first adopting an "exact" approach where we looked-up only the reported index SNP. For those index SNPs missing form our dataset, we used a "local" approach that examined all the regional SNPs in LD with the index SNP. RESULTS Out of the 48 SNPs, our cohort had genotype data available for 27, which were examined for exact replication. Of these, two SNPs were found positively associated with asthma. These included: rs10508372 (OR = 1.567 [95%CI, 1.133-2.167], P = 0.0066) and rs2378383 (OR = 2.147 [95%CI, 1.149-4.013], P = 0.0166), located on chromosomal bands 10p14 and 9q21.31, respectively. Local replication of the remaining 21 loci showed association at two chromosomal loci (9p24.1-rs2381413 and 6p21.32-rs3132947; Bonferroni-corrected P values: 0.0033 and 0.0197, respectively). Of note, multiple SNPs in LD with rs2381413 located upstream of IL33 were significantly associated with asthma. CONCLUSIONS This study has successfully transferred four reported asthma-associated loci in an independent African American population. Identification of several asthma-associated SNPs in the upstream of the IL33, a gene previously implicated in allergic inflammation of asthmatic airway, supports the generalizability of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mezbah U. Faruque
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayo P. Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanxia Huang
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adebowale A. Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Georgia M. Dunston
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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12
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13
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Zaitlen N, Huntsman S, Hu D, Spear M, Eng C, Oh SS, White MJ, Mak A, Davis A, Meade K, Brigino-Buenaventura E, LeNoir MA, Bibbins-Domingo K, Burchard EG, Halperin E. The Effects of Migration and Assortative Mating on Admixture Linkage Disequilibrium. Genetics 2017; 205:375-83. [PMID: 27879348 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.192138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Statistical models in medical and population genetics typically assume that individuals assort randomly in a population. While this simplifies model complexity, it contradicts an increasing body of evidence of nonrandom mating in human populations. Specifically, it has been shown that assortative mating is significantly affected by genomic ancestry. In this work, we examine the effects of ancestry-assortative mating on the linkage disequilibrium between local ancestry tracks of individuals in an admixed population. To accomplish this, we develop an extension to the Wright-Fisher model that allows for ancestry-based assortative mating. We show that ancestry-assortment perturbs the distribution of local ancestry linkage disequilibrium (LAD) and the variance of ancestry in a population as a function of the number of generations since admixture. This assortment effect can induce errors in demographic inference of admixed populations when methods assume random mating. We derive closed form formulae for LAD under an assortative-mating model with and without migration. We observe that LAD depends on the correlation of global ancestry of couples in each generation, the migration rate of each of the ancestral populations, the initial proportions of ancestral populations, and the number of generations since admixture. We also present the first direct evidence of ancestry-assortment in African Americans and examine LAD in simulated and real admixed population data of African Americans. We find that demographic inference under the assumption of random mating significantly underestimates the number of generations since admixture, and that accounting for assortative mating using the patterns of LAD results in estimates that more closely agrees with the historical narrative.
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14
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Fitzpatrick AM. Severe Asthma in Children: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2016; 4:11-9; quiz 20-1. [PMID: 26772923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe asthma in children is a complicated and heterogeneous disorder that is extremely challenging to treat. Although most children with asthma derive clinical benefit from daily administration of low-to-medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy, a small subset of children with "severe" or "refractory" asthma require high doses of ICS and even systemic corticosteroids to maintain symptom control. These children with severe asthma are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including medication-related side effects and recurrent and life-threatening exacerbations that significantly impair quality of life. This review highlights findings on severe asthma in school-age children (age 6-17 years) from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) over a 10-year period, between 2001 and 2011. Although SARP has advanced knowledge of the unique clinical, biological, and molecular attributes of severe asthma in children, considerable gaps remain for which additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Atlanta, Ga.
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15
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Gupta J, Johansson E, Bernstein JA, Chakraborty R, Khurana Hershey GK, Rothenberg ME, Mersha TB. Resolving the etiology of atopic disorders by using genetic analysis of racial ancestry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:676-699. [PMID: 27297995 PMCID: PMC5014679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma are common atopic disorders of complex etiology. The frequently observed atopic march from early AD to asthma, allergic rhinitis, or both later in life and the extensive comorbidity of atopic disorders suggest common causal mechanisms in addition to distinct ones. Indeed, both disease-specific and shared genomic regions exist for atopic disorders. Their prevalence also varies among races; for example, AD and asthma have a higher prevalence in African Americans when compared with European Americans. Whether this disparity stems from true genetic or race-specific environmental risk factors or both is unknown. Thus far, the majority of the genetic studies on atopic diseases have used populations of European ancestry, limiting their generalizability. Large-cohort initiatives and new analytic methods, such as admixture mapping, are currently being used to address this knowledge gap. Here we discuss the unique and shared genetic risk factors for atopic disorders in the context of ancestry variations and the promise of high-throughput "-omics"-based systems biology approach in providing greater insight to deconstruct their genetic and nongenetic etiologies. Future research will also focus on deep phenotyping and genotyping of diverse racial ancestry, gene-environment, and gene-gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Gupta
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elisabet Johansson
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ranajit Chakraborty
- Center for Computational Genomics, Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Tex
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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16
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Levin AM, Adrianto I, Datta I, Iannuzzi MC, Trudeau S, Li J, Drake WP, Montgomery CG, Rybicki BA. Association of HLA-DRB1 with Sarcoidosis Susceptibility and Progression in African Americans. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:206-16. [PMID: 25506722 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0227oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-DRB1 is a sarcoidosis risk gene, and the *03:01 allele is strongly associated with disease resolution in European sarcoidosis cases. Whereas the HLA-DRB1 variation is associated with sarcoidosis susceptibility in African Americans, DRB1 risk alleles are not as well defined, and associations with disease resolution have not been studied. Associations between genotyped and imputed HLA-DRB1 alleles and disease susceptibility/resolution were evaluated in a sample of 1,277 African-American patients with sarcoidosis and 1,467 control subjects. In silico binding assays were performed to assess the functional significance of the associated alleles. Increased disease susceptibility was associated with the HLA-DRB1 alleles *12:01 (odds ratio [OR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-2.69; P = 3.2 × 10(-9)) and *11:01 (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.42-2.01; P = 3.0 × 10(-9)). The strongest protective association was found with *03:01 (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.44-0.73; P = 1.0 × 10(-5)). The African-derived allele *03:02 was associated with decreased risk of persistent radiographic disease (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.72; P = 1.3 × 10(-4)), a finding consistent across the three component studies comprising the analytic sample. The DRB1*03:01 association with disease persistence was dependent upon local ancestry, with carriers of at least one European allele at DRB1 at a decreased risk of persistent disease (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14-0.94; P = 0.037). Results of in silico binding analyses showed that DRB1*03:01 consistently demonstrated the highest binding affinities for six bacterial peptides previously found in sarcoidosis granulomas, whereas *12:01 displayed the lowest binding affinities. This study has identified DRB1*03:01 and *03:02 as novel alleles associated with disease susceptibility and course in African Americans. Further investigation of DRB1*03 alleles may uncover immunologic factors that favor sarcoidosis protection and resolution among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Levin
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences and.,2 Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indra Adrianto
- 3 Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Indrani Datta
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences and.,2 Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael C Iannuzzi
- 4 Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; and
| | | | - Jia Li
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences and.,2 Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Wonder P Drake
- 5 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Courtney G Montgomery
- 3 Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The frequency and severity of asthma differ between different racial and ethnic groups. An understanding of the genetic basis for these differences could constitute future genetic biomarker panels for predicting asthma risk and progression in individuals from different ethnic groups. RECENT THEMES The recent mixing of different ancestries during the European colonization of the Americas and the African slave trade has resulted in the complex population structures identified in different ethnic groups. These population structures represent varying degrees of genetic diversity which impacts the allele frequency of individual variants and, thus, how the gene variation is utilized in genetic association studies. In this review, we will discuss the basis for the complex population structures of modern human genomes and the impact of genetic diversity on genetic studies in different ethnic groups. We will also highlight the potential for admixture and rare variant-based genetic studies to identify novel genetic loci for asthma susceptibility and severity. SUMMARY The ability to account for the consequences of genetic diversity in different racial and ethnic groups will be critical in developing genetic profiles for personalized or precision medicine approaches tailored to asthmatic patients from different ethnic groups.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obstructive lung disease (OLD), including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, has a more substantial prevalence and morbidity in urban populations. This review highlights recent publications examining the epidemiology, risk factors and interventions concerning OLD in urban populations. RECENT FINDINGS Using a variety of approaches, estimates of asthma prevalence in urban populations range from 5 to 25%. Early life exposures including in-utero cigarette smoke, postnatal bisphenol A, home and school particulates, and environmental air pollution contribute to increased OLD prevalence and symptom manifestations. Individuals with increased exposure to traffic-related pollution demonstrate abnormal inflammatory and lung function profiles. Obesity, more common in urban populations, is likely both a risk factor for asthma as well as contributor to poor control. Interventions targeted at home-based education and assessments are efficacious and cost-effective in improving outcomes of OLD in urban settings. SUMMARY The burden of OLD in urban populations is driven by maternal, environmental and acquired factors. There are few recent data regarding risk factors and interventions for urban cohorts with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The complex interplay of race, socioeconomic status, environmental exposures and healthcare access in the urban population requires continued research efforts.
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Parker MM, Foreman MG, Abel HJ, Mathias RA, Hetmanski JB, Crapo JD, Silverman EK, Beaty TH. Admixture mapping identifies a quantitative trait locus associated with FEV1/FVC in the COPDGene Study. Genet Epidemiol 2014; 38:652-9. [PMID: 25112515 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
African Americans are admixed with genetic contributions from European and African ancestral populations. Admixture mapping leverages this information to map genes influencing differential disease risk across populations. We performed admixture and association mapping in 3,300 African American current or former smokers from the COPDGene Study. We analyzed estimated local ancestry and SNP genotype information to identify regions associated with FEV1 /FVC, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity, measured by spirometry performed after bronchodilator administration. Global African ancestry inversely associated with FEV1 /FVC (P = 0.035). Genome-wide admixture analysis, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, current smoking status, pack-years smoked, and four principal components summarizing the genetic background of African Americans in the COPDGene Study, identified a region on chromosome 12q14.1 associated with FEV1 /FVC (P = 2.1 × 10(-6) ) when regressed on local ancestry. Allelic association in this region of chromosome 12 identified an intronic variant in FAM19A2 (rs348644) as associated with FEV1 /FVC (P = 1.76 × 10(-6) ). By combining admixture and association mapping, a marker on chromosome 12q14.1 was identified as being associated with reduced FEV1 /FVC ratio among African Americans in the COPDGene Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Galanter JM, Gignoux CR, Torgerson DG, Roth LA, Eng C, Oh SS, Nguyen EA, Drake KA, Huntsman S, Hu D, Sen S, Davis A, Farber HJ, Avila PC, Brigino-Buenaventura E, LeNoir MA, Meade K, Serebrisky D, Borrell LN, Rodríguez-Cintrón W, Estrada AM, Mendoza KS, Winkler CA, Klitz W, Romieu I, London SJ, Gilliland F, Martinez F, Bustamante C, Williams LK, Kumar R, Rodríguez-Santana JR, Burchard EG. Genome-wide association study and admixture mapping identify different asthma-associated loci in Latinos: the Genes-environments & Admixture in Latino Americans study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:295-305. [PMID: 24406073 PMCID: PMC4085159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental causes. Genome-wide association studies of asthma have mostly involved European populations, and replication of positive associations has been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify asthma-associated genes in a large Latino population with genome-wide association analysis and admixture mapping. METHODS Latino children with asthma (n = 1893) and healthy control subjects (n = 1881) were recruited from 5 sites in the United States: Puerto Rico, New York, Chicago, Houston, and the San Francisco Bay Area. Subjects were genotyped on an Affymetrix World Array IV chip. We performed genome-wide association and admixture mapping to identify asthma-associated loci. RESULTS We identified a significant association between ancestry and asthma at 6p21 (lowest P value: rs2523924, P < 5 × 10(-6)). This association replicates in a meta-analysis of the EVE Asthma Consortium (P = .01). Fine mapping of the region in this study and the EVE Asthma Consortium suggests an association between PSORS1C1 and asthma. We confirmed the strong allelic association between SNPs in the 17q21 region and asthma in Latinos (IKZF3, lowest P value: rs90792, odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.61-0.75; P = 6 × 10(-13)) and replicated associations in several genes that had previously been associated with asthma in genome-wide association studies. CONCLUSIONS Admixture mapping and genome-wide association are complementary techniques that provide evidence for multiple asthma-associated loci in Latinos. Admixture mapping identifies a novel locus on 6p21 that replicates in a meta-analysis of several Latino populations, whereas genome-wide association confirms the previously identified locus on 17q21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Galanter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Dara G Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Lindsey A Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sam S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Katherine A Drake
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Adam Davis
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, Calif
| | - Harold J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Pedro C Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Kelley Meade
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, Calif
| | | | - Luisa N Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Public Health, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md
| | - William Klitz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Calif
| | | | - Stephanie J London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | | | - L Keoki Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
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Ortega VE, Meyers DA. Pharmacogenetics: implications of race and ethnicity on defining genetic profiles for personalized medicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:16-26. [PMID: 24369795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is being used to develop personalized therapies specific to subjects from different ethnic or racial groups. To date, pharmacogenetic studies have been primarily performed in trial cohorts consisting of non-Hispanic white subjects of European descent. A "bottleneck" or collapse of genetic diversity associated with the first human colonization of Europe during the Upper Paleolithic period, followed by the recent mixing of African, European, and Native American ancestries, has resulted in different ethnic groups with varying degrees of genetic diversity. Differences in genetic ancestry might introduce genetic variation, which has the potential to alter the therapeutic efficacy of commonly used asthma therapies, such as β2-adrenergic receptor agonists (β-agonists). Pharmacogenetic studies of admixed ethnic groups have been limited to small candidate gene association studies, of which the best example is the gene coding for the receptor target of β-agonist therapy, the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Large consortium-based sequencing studies are using next-generation whole-genome sequencing to provide a diverse genome map of different admixed populations, which can be used for future pharmacogenetic studies. These studies will include candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and whole-genome admixture-based approaches that account for ancestral genetic structure, complex haplotypes, gene-gene interactions, and rare variants to detect and replicate novel pharmacogenetic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Ortega
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
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Vergara C, Murray T, Rafaels N, Lewis R, Campbell M, Foster C, Gao L, Faruque M, Oliveira RR, Carvalho E, Araujo MI, Cruz AA, Watson H, Mercado D, Knight-Madden J, Ruczinski I, Dunston G, Ford J, Caraballo L, Beaty TH, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. African ancestry is a risk factor for asthma and high total IgE levels in African admixed populations. Genet Epidemiol 2013; 37:393-401. [PMID: 23554133 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of genetic admixture of populations in the Americas and the Caribbean is of interest for anthropological, epidemiological, and historical reasons. Asthma has a higher prevalence and is more severe in populations with a high African component. Association of African ancestry with asthma has been demonstrated. We estimated admixture proportions of samples from six trihybrid populations of African descent and determined the relationship between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 237 ancestry informative markers in asthmatics and nonasthmatic controls from Barbados (190/277), Jamaica (177/529), Brazil (40/220), Colombia (508/625), African Americans from New York (207/171), and African Americans from Baltimore/Washington, D.C. (625/757). We estimated individual ancestries and evaluated genetic stratification using Structure and principal component analysis. Association of African ancestry and asthma and tIgE was evaluated by regression analysis. Mean ± SD African ancestry ranged from 0.76 ± 0.10 among Barbadians to 0.33 ± 0.13 in Colombians. The European component varied from 0.14 ± 0.05 among Jamaicans and Barbadians to 0.26 ± 0.08 among Colombians. African ancestry was associated with risk for asthma in Colombians (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, P = 0.001) Brazilians (OR = 136.5, P = 0.003), and African Americans of New York (OR: 4.7; P = 0.040). African ancestry was also associated with higher tIgE levels among Colombians (β = 1.3, P = 0.04), Barbadians (β = 3.8, P = 0.03), and Brazilians (β = 1.6, P = 0.03). Our findings indicate that African ancestry can account for, at least in part, the association between asthma and its associated trait, tIgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Last year's "Advances in pediatric asthma: moving forward" concluded the following: "Now is also the time to utilize information recorded in electronic medical records to develop innovative disease management plans that will track asthma over time and enable timely decisions on interventions in order to maintain control that can lead to disease remission and prevention." This year's summary will focus on recent advances in pediatric asthma on modifying disease activity, preventing asthma exacerbations, managing severe asthma, and risk factors for predicting and managing early asthma, as indicated in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology publications in 2012. Recent reports continue to shed light on methods to improve asthma management through steps to assess disease activity, tools to standardize outcome measures in asthma, genetic markers that predict risk for asthma and appropriate treatment, and interventions that alter the early presentation of asthma to prevent progression. We are well on our way to creating a pathway around wellness in asthma care and also to use new tools to predict the risk for asthma and take steps to not only prevent asthma exacerbations but also to prevent the early manifestations of the disease and thus prevent its evolution to severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley J Szefler
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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24
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Levin AM, Mathias RA, Huang L, Roth LA, Daley D, Myers RA, Himes BE, Romieu I, Yang M, Eng C, Park JE, Zoratti K, Gignoux CR, Torgerson DG, Galanter JM, Huntsman S, Nguyen EA, Becker AB, Chan-Yeung M, Kozyrskyj AL, Kwok PY, Gilliland FD, Gauderman WJ, Bleecker ER, Raby BA, Meyers DA, London SJ, Martinez FD, Weiss ST, Burchard EG, Nicolae DL, Ober C, Barnes KC, Williams LK. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for serum total IgE in diverse study populations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:1176-84. [PMID: 23146381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE is both a marker and mediator of allergic inflammation. Despite reported differences in serum total IgE levels by race-ethnicity, African American and Latino subjects have not been well represented in genetic studies of total IgE. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the genetic predictors of serum total IgE levels. METHODS We used genome-wide association data from 4292 subjects (2469 African Americans, 1564 European Americans, and 259 Latinos) in the EVE Asthma Genetics Consortium. Tests for association were performed within each cohort by race-ethnic group (ie, African American, Latino, and European American) and asthma status. The resulting P values were meta-analyzed, accounting for sample size and direction of effect. Top single nucleotide polymorphism associations from the meta-analysis were reassessed in 6 additional cohorts comprising 5767 subjects. RESULTS We identified 10 unique regions in which the combined association statistic was associated with total serum IgE levels (P<5.0×10(-6)) and the minor allele frequency was 5% or greater in 2 or more population groups. Variant rs9469220, corresponding to HLA-DQB1, was the single nucleotide polymorphism most significantly associated with serum total IgE levels when assessed in both the replication cohorts and the discovery and replication sets combined (P=.007 and 2.45×10(-7), respectively). In addition, findings from earlier genome-wide association studies were also validated in the current meta-analysis. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis independently identified a variant near HLA-DQB1 as a predictor of total serum IgE levels in multiple race-ethnic groups. This study also extends and confirms the findings of earlier genome-wide association analyses in African American and Latino subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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