1
|
Arimitsu N, Takai K, Fujiwara N, Shimizu J, Ueda Y, Wakisaka S, Hirotsu C, Murayama MA, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Roles of Reelin/Disabled1 pathway on functional recovery of hemiplegic mice after neural cell transplantation; Reelin promotes migration toward motor cortex and maturation to motoneurons of neural grafts. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
2
|
Fan YY, Nan F, Guo BL, Liao Y, Zhang MS, Guo J, Niu BL, Liang YQ, Yang CH, Zhang Y, Zhang XP, Pang XF. Effects of long-term rapamycin treatment on glial scar formation after cryogenic traumatic brain injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
3
|
Suzuki N, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Takai K, Hirotsu C, Ueda Y, Wakisaka S, Fujiwara N, Suzuki T. Neuronal Cell Sheets of Cortical Motor Neuron Phenotype Derived from Human iPSCs. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1355-1364. [PMID: 28901192 PMCID: PMC5680971 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells that differentiate into more mature neural cells brings about functional improvement in preclinical studies of stroke. Previous transplant approaches in the diseased brain utilized injection of the cells in a cell suspension. In addition, neural stem cells were preferentially used for grafting. However, these cells had no specific relationship to the damaged tissue of stroke and brain injury patients. The injection of cells in a suspension destroyed the cell–cell interactions that are suggested to be important for promoting functional integrity of cortical motor neurons. In order to obtain suitable cell types for grafting in patients with stroke and brain damage, a protocol was modified for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells from cells phenotypically related to cortical motor neurons. Moreover, cell sheet technology was applied to neural cell transplantation, as maintaining the cell–cell communications is regarded important for the repair of host brain architecture. Accordingly, neuronal cell sheets that were positive Forebrain Embryonic Zinc Finger (Fez) family zinc finger 2 (FEZF2), COUP-TF-interacting protein 2, insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 protein precursor (CRIM1), and forkhead box p2 (FOXP2) were developed. These markers are associated with cortical motoneurons that are appropriate for the transplant location in the lesions. The sheets allowed preservation of cell–cell interactions shown by synapsin1 staining after transplantation to damaged mouse brains. The sheet transplantation brought about partial structural restoration and the improvement of motor functions in hemiplegic mice. Collectively, the novel neuronal cell sheets were transplanted into damaged motor cortices; the cell sheets maintained cell–cell interactions and improved the motor functions in the hemiplegic model mice. The motoneuron cell sheets are possibly applicable for stroke patients and patients with brain damage by using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Suzuki
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueda
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sueshige Wakisaka
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adelita T, Stilhano RS, Han SW, Justo GZ, Porcionatto M. Proteolytic processed form of CXCL12 abolishes migration and induces apoptosis in neural stem cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
5
|
Galindo LT, Mundim MTVV, Pinto AS, Chiarantin GMD, Almeida MES, Lamers ML, Horwitz AR, Santos MF, Porcionatto M. Chondroitin Sulfate Impairs Neural Stem Cell Migration Through ROCK Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3185-3195. [PMID: 28477140 PMCID: PMC5842503 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries such as trauma and stroke lead to glial scar formation by reactive astrocytes which produce and secret axonal outgrowth inhibitors. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) constitute a well-known class of extracellular matrix molecules produced at the glial scar and cause growth cone collapse. The CSPG glycosaminoglycan side chains composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) are responsible for its inhibitory activity on neurite outgrowth and are dependent on RhoA activation. Here, we hypothesize that CSPG also impairs neural stem cell migration inhibiting their penetration into an injury site. We show that DCX+ neuroblasts do not penetrate a CSPG-rich injured area probably due to Nogo receptor activation and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway as we demonstrate in vitro with neural stem cells cultured as neurospheres and pull-down for RhoA. Furthermore, CS-impaired cell migration in vitro induced the formation of large mature adhesions and altered cell protrusion dynamics. ROCK inhibition restored migration in vitro as well as decreased adhesion size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla T Galindo
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Agnes S Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly M D Chiarantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Maíra E S Almeida
- Physiopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alan R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, 22903, USA
| | - Marinilce F Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quan FS, Chen J, Zhong Y, Ren WZ. Comparative effect of immature neuronal or glial cell transplantation on motor functional recovery following experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1671-80. [PMID: 27602084 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the comparative effect of stereotaxically transplanted immature neuronal or glial cells in brain on motor functional recovery and cytokine expression after cold-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adult rats. A total of 60 rats were divided into four groups (n=15/group): Sham group; TBI only group; TBI plus neuronal cells-transplanted group (NC-G); and TBI plus glial cells-transplanted group (GC-G). Cortical lesions were induced by a touching metal stamp, frozen with liquid nitrogen, to the dura mater over the motor cortex of adult rats. Neuronal and glial cells were isolated from rat embryonic and newborn cortices, respectively, and cultured in culture flasks. Rats received neurons or glia grafts (~1×106 cells) 5 days after TBI was induced. Motor functional evaluation was performed with the rotarod test prior to and following glial and neural cell grafts. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-cell transplantation. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on brain section to identify the transplanted neuronal or glial cells using neural and astrocytic markers. The expression levels of cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, which have key roles in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of neural cells, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A localized cortical lesion was evoked in all injured rats, resulting in significant motor deficits. Transplanted cells successfully migrated and survived in the injured brain lesion, and the expression of neuronal and astrocyte markers were detected in the NC-G and GC-G groups, respectively. Rats in the NC-G and GC-G cell-transplanted groups exhibited significant motor functional recovery and reduced histopathologic lesions, as compared with the TBI-G rats that did not receive neural cells (P<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, GC-G treatment induced significantly improved motor functional recovery, as compared with the NC-G group (P<0.05). Increased cytokine expression levels were detected in the NC-G and GC-G groups, as compared with the TBI-G; however, no differences were found between the two groups. These data suggested that transplanted immature neural cells may promote the survival of neural cells in cortical lesion and motor functional recovery. Furthermore, transplanted glial cells may be used as an effective therapeutic tool for TBI patients with abnormalities in motor functional recovery and cytokine expression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a major economic burden to hospitals in terms of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and utilization of intensive care units. Current guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injuries are primarily supportive, with an emphasis on surveillance (i.e. intracranial pressure) and preventive measures to reduce morbidity and mortality. There are no direct effective therapies available. Over the last fifteen years, pre-clinical studies in regenerative medicine utilizing cell-based therapy have generated enthusiasm as a possible treatment option for traumatic brain injury. In these studies, stem cells and progenitor cells were shown to migrate into the injured brain and proliferate, exerting protective effects through possible cell replacement, gene and protein transfer, and release of anti-inflammatory and growth factors. In this work, we reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of traumatic brain injury, the biological rationale for using stem cells and progenitor cells, and the results of clinical trials using cell-based therapy for traumatic brain injury. Although the benefits of cell-based therapy have been clearly demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, some questions remain regarding the biological mechanisms of repair and safety, dose, route and timing of cell delivery, which ultimately will determine its optimal clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gennai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche, France
| | - A Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Q Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - V Gudapati
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - E L Barbier
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Unité Inserm U 836, La Tronche, France
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
We induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats using silicone-coated vascular embolus. We transplanted mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells after MCAO. Rats were tested behaviorally using motor and sensory function with neurological assessment. Functional effectiveness of the transplanted mES cells gradually improved the function of sensory and motor neurons. This study demonstrated that the transplanted cells have synaptic connection in the recipient brain. We suggest that stem cell transplantation can have a positive effect on behavioral recovery and reduction of infarct size in focal ischemic rats. Cell transplantation may induce certain functional recovery of the brain tissue by endogenous cell mediated effect. Our study suggests that intracerebrally injected mES cells survived and migrated into the infarct area from inoculation site and neuroglially differentiated in the ischemic brain area of adult rats. Therefore, mES cells may be a useful tool for the treatment in neurological diseases. In conclusion, cell transplantation therapy represents a novel approach that may enhance the efficacy and effectiveness of stem cell transplantation after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Lee
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Michelsen KA, Acosta-Verdugo S, Benoit-Marand M, Espuny-Camacho I, Gaspard N, Saha B, Gaillard A, Vanderhaeghen P. Area-specific reestablishment of damaged circuits in the adult cerebral cortex by cortical neurons derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. Neuron 2015; 85:982-97. [PMID: 25741724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem-cell-derived neurons constitute an attractive source for replacement therapies, but their utility remains unclear for cortical diseases. Here, we show that neurons of visual cortex identity, differentiated in vitro from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), can be transplanted successfully following a lesion of the adult mouse visual cortex. Reestablishment of the damaged pathways included long-range and reciprocal axonal projections and synaptic connections with targets of the damaged cortex. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that some grafted neurons were functional and responsive to visual stimuli. No significant integration was observed following grafting of the same neurons in motor cortex, or transplantation of embryonic motor cortex in visual cortex, indicating that successful transplantation required a match in the areal identity of grafted and lesioned neurons. These findings demonstrate that transplantation of mouse ESC-derived neurons of appropriate cortical areal identity can contribute to the reconstruction of an adult damaged cortical circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo A Michelsen
- Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Acosta-Verdugo
- Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Benoit-Marand
- INSERM U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Ira Espuny-Camacho
- Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Gaspard
- Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- INSERM U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Afsaneh Gaillard
- INSERM U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, BP 633, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iinuma M, Umehara T, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Misawa H, Takai K, Fujiwara N, Fujii A, Ueda Y, Wakisaka S, Suzuki T, Hirotsu C, Beppu M, Suzuki N. Induction of neural cells with spinal motoneuron phenotype from human iPS cells and the transplantation to totally transected spinal cords in mice. Inflamm Regen 2015. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.35.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iinuma
- Department of Orthopedics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku Umehara
- Department of Orthopedics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Misawa
- Department of Orthopedics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujii
- Department of Orthopedics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueda
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sueshige Wakisaka
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Moroe Beppu
- Department of Orthopedics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawaksaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Filippo TRM, Galindo LT, Barnabe GF, Ariza CB, Mello LE, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Porcionatto MA. CXCL12 N-terminal end is sufficient to induce chemotaxis and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:913-25. [PMID: 23851289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) respond to injury after brain injuries secreting IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10, as well as chemokine members of the CC and CXC ligand families. CXCL12 is one of the chemokines secreted at an injury site and is known to attract NSC-derived neuroblasts, cells that express CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Activation of CXCR4 by CXCL12 depends on two domains located at the N-terminal of the chemokine. In the present work we aimed to investigate if the N-terminal end of CXCL12, where CXCR4 binding and activation domains are located, was sufficient to induce NSC-derived neuroblast chemotaxis. Our data show that a synthetic peptide analogous to the first 21 amino acids of the N-terminal end of CXCL12, named PepC-C (KPVSLSYRCPCRFFESHIARA), is able to promote chemotaxis of neuroblasts in vivo, and stimulate chemotaxis and proliferation of CXCR4+ cells in vitro, without affecting NSC fate. We also show that PepC-C upregulates CXCL12 expression in vivo and in vitro. We suggest the N-terminal end of CXCL12 is responsible for a positive feedback loop to maintain a gradient of CXCL12 that attracts neuroblasts from the subventricular zone into an injury site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais R M Filippo
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mitsuhara T, Takeda M, Yamaguchi S, Manabe T, Matsumoto M, Kawahara Y, Yuge L, Kurisu K. Simulated microgravity facilitates cell migration and neuroprotection after bone marrow stromal cell transplantation in spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:35. [PMID: 23548163 DOI: 10.1186/scrt184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, cell-based therapy has gained significant attention for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Although bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are considered to have good engraftment potential, challenges due to in vitro culturing, such as a decline in their functional potency, have been reported. Here, we investigated the efficacy of rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) cultured under simulated microgravity conditions, for transplantation into a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods rBMSCs were cultured under two different conditions: standard gravity (1G) and simulated microgravity attained by using the 3D-clinostat. After 7 days of culture, the rBMSCs were analyzed morphologically, with RT-PCR and immunostaining, and were used for grafting. Adult rats were used for constructing SCI models by using a weight-dropping method and were grouped into three experimental groups for comparison. rBMSCs cultured under 1 g and simulated microgravity were transplanted intravenously immediately after SCI. We evaluated the hindlimb functional improvement for 3 weeks. Tissue repair after SCI was examined by calculating the cavity area ratio and immunohistochemistry. Results rBMSCs cultured under simulated microgravity expressed Oct-4 and CXCR4, in contrast to those cultured under 1 g conditions. Therefore, rBMSCs cultured under simulated microgravity were considered to be in an undifferentiated state and thus to possess high migration ability. After transplantation, grafted rBMSCs cultured under microgravity exhibited greater survival at the periphery of the lesion, and the motor functions of the rats that received these grafts improved significantly compared with the rats that received rBMSCs cultured in 1 g. In addition, rBMSCs cultured under microgravity were thought to have greater trophic effects on reestablishment and survival of host spinal neural tissues because cavity formations were reduced, and apoptosis-inhibiting factor expression was high at the periphery of the SCI lesion. Conclusions Here we show that transplantation of rBMSCs cultured under simulated microgravity facilitates functional recovery from SCI rather than those cultured under 1 g conditions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tae-Hoon L, Yoon-Seok L. Transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cell after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 27:333-9. [PMID: 22534809 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stem cell transplantation has been extensively studied as individual therapies for ischemic stroke. The present investigation is an initial effort to combine these methods to achieve increased therapeutic effects after brain ischemia. Cell transplantation may recover massive neuronal loss by replacing damaged brain cells. METHODS Undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells were used to induce differentiation in vitro into neuron-like cells with good cell viability for use a graft. In this study, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats using intra-luminal vascular occlusion, and infused mES cells after MCAO. The animals were examined behaviorally using motor and sensory test with neurological assessment. RESULTS Motor function of the recipients was gradually improved, whereas little improvement was observed in control rats. This result may suggest that the grafted cells have synaptic connection in the recipient brain. Our study revealed that stem cell transplantation can have a positive effect on behavioral recovery and reduction of infarct size in focal ischemic rats. Consequently after euthanasia, rats were histochemically investigated to explore graft survival with green fluorescent protein (GFP). CONCLUSION The mouse embryonic stem cells may have advantage for use as a donor source in various neurological disorders including motor dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Tae-Hoon
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Namseoul University, Chungnam, Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elias PZ, Spector M. Implantation of a collagen scaffold seeded with adult rat hippocampal progenitors in a rat model of penetrating brain injury. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 209:199-211. [PMID: 22698665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is a complex central nervous system injury in which mechanical damage to brain parenchyma results in hemorrhage, ischemia, broad areas of necrosis, and eventually cavitation. The permanent loss of brain tissue affords the possibility of treatment using a biomaterial scaffold to fill the lesion site and potentially deliver pharmacological or cellular therapeutic agents. The administration of cellular therapy may be of benefit in both mitigating the secondary injury process and promoting regeneration through replacement of certain cell populations. This study investigated the survival and differentiation of adult rat hippocampal neural progenitor cells delivered by a collagen scaffold in a rat model of PBI. The cell-scaffold construct was implanted 1 week after injury and was observed to remain intact with open pores upon analysis 4 weeks later. Implanted neural progenitors were found to have survived within the scaffold, and also to have migrated into the surrounding brain. Differentiated phenotypes included astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and possibly macrophages. The demonstrated multipotency of this cell population in vivo in the context of traumatic brain injury has implications for regenerative therapies, but additional stimulation appears necessary to promote neuronal differentiation outside normally neurogenic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Z Elias
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Fujiwara N, Takai K, Takada E, Kono T, Ueda Y, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Role of SDF1/CXCR4 interaction in experimental hemiplegic models with neural cell transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2636-49. [PMID: 22489115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been focused on neural cell transplantation because of its promising clinical applications. We have reported that embryonic stem (ES) cell derived neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation significantly improved motor functions in a hemiplegic mouse model. It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms governing neural regeneration of the damaged motor cortex after the transplantation. Recent investigations disclosed that chemokines participated in the regulation of migration and maturation of neural cell grafts. In this review, we summarize the involvement of inflammatory chemokines including stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF1) in neural regeneration after ES cell derived neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation in mouse stroke models.
Collapse
|
16
|
Galindo LT, Filippo TR, Semedo P, Ariza CB, Moreira CM, Camara NO, Porcionatto MA. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy modulates the inflammatory response in experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurol Res Int. 2011;2011:564089. [PMID: 21766025 PMCID: PMC3135112 DOI: 10.1155/2011/564089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has showed to be promising due to its immunomodulatory function. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers immune response and release of inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines, by glial cells creating a hostile microenvironment for endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs). We investigated the effects of factors secreted by MSCs on NSC in vitro and analyzed cytokines expression in vitro in a TBI model. Our in vitro results show that MSC-secreted factors increase NSC proliferation and induce higher expression of GFAP, indicating a tendency toward differentiation into astrocytes. In vivo experiments showed that MSC injection at an acute model of brain injury diminishes a broad profile of cytokines in the tissue, suggesting that MSC-secreted factors may modulate the inflammation at the injury site, which may be of interest to the development of a favorable microenvironment for endogenous NSC and consequently to repair the injured tissue.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yuge L, Sasaki A, Kawahara Y, Wu SL, Matsumoto M, Manabe T, Kajiume T, Takeda M, Magaki T, Takahashi T, Kurisu K, Matsumoto M. Simulated microgravity maintains the undifferentiated state and enhances the neural repair potential of bone marrow stromal cells. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:893-900. [PMID: 20828292 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, regenerative medicine with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has gained significant attention for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Here, we investigated the activity of BMSCs under simulated microgravity conditions. Mouse BMSCs (mBMSCs) were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and harvested in 1G condition. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: cultured under simulated microgravity and 1G condition in growth medium and neural differentiation medium. After 7 days of culture, the mBMSCs were used for morphological analysis, reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining analysis, and grafting. Neural-induced mBMSCs cultured under 1G conditions exhibited neural differentiation, whereas those cultured under simulated microgravity did not. Moreover, under simulated microgravity conditions, mBMSCs could be cultured in an undifferentiated state. Next, we intravenously injected cells into a mouse model of cerebral contusion. Graft mBMSCs cultured under simulated microgravity exhibited greater survival in the damaged region, and the motor function of the grafted mice improved significantly. mBMSCs cultured under simulated microgravity expressed CXCR4 on their cell membrane. Our study indicates that culturing cells under simulated microgravity enhances their survival rate by maintaining an undifferentiated state of cells, making this a potentially attractive method for culturing donor cells to be used in grafting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Germano IM, Emdad L, Qadeer ZA, Binello E, Uzzaman M. Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-mediated transgene delivery induces growth suppression, apoptosis and radiosensitization, and overcomes temozolomide resistance in malignant gliomas. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:664-74. [PMID: 20523363 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are among the most lethal of all cancers. Despite considerable advances in multimodality treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall prognosis for patients with this disease remains dismal. Currently available treatments necessitate the development of more effective tumor-selective therapies. The use of gene therapy for malignant gliomas is promising, as it allows in situ delivery and selectively targets brain tumor cells while sparing the adjacent normal brain tissue. Viral vectors that deliver proapoptotic genes to malignant glioma cells have been investigated. Although tangible results on patients' survival remain to be further documented, significant advances in therapeutic gene transfer strategies have been made. Recently, cell-based gene delivery has been sought as an alternative method. In this paper, we report the proapoptotic effects of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-mediated mda-7/IL-24 delivery to malignant glioma cell lines. Our data show that these are similar to those observed using a viral vector. In addition, acknowledging the heterogeneity of malignant glioma cells and their signaling pathways, we assessed the effects of conventional treatment for high-grade gliomas, ionizing radiation and temozolomide, when combined with ESC-mediated transgene delivery. This combination resulted in synergistic effects on tumor cell death. The mechanisms involved in this beneficial effect included activation of both apoptosis and autophagy. Our in vitro data support the concept that ESC-mediated gene delivery might offer therapeutic advantages over standard approaches to malignant gliomas. Our results corroborate the theory that combined treatments exploiting different signaling pathways are needed to succeed in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hazama Y, S. Kurokawa M, Chiba S, Tadokoro M, Imai T, Kondo Y, Nakatsuji N, Suzuki T, Hashimoto T, Suzuki N. SDF1/CXCR4 contributes to neural regeneration in hemiplegic mice with a monkey ES-cell-derived neural graft. Inflamm Regen 2010. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.30.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
20
|
Bentz K, Molcanyi M, Schneider A, Riess P, Maegele M, Bosche B, Hampl JA, Hescheler J, Patz S, Schäfer U. Extract Derived from Rat Brains in the Acute Phase Following Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Survival of Undifferentiated Stem Cells and Induces Rapid Differentiation of Surviving Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2010; 26:821-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000323991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
21
|
Huang HJ, Gao QS, Tao BF, Jiang SW. Long-term culture of keratinocyte-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:193-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Coulson-Thomas YM, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Filippo TR, Mortara RA, da Silveira RB, Nader HB, Porcionatto MA. Adult bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells expressing chondroitinase AC transplanted into CNS injury sites promote local brain chondroitin sulphate degradation. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 171:19-29. [PMID: 18417222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Injury to the CNS of vertebrates leads to the formation of a glial scar and production of inhibitory molecules, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. Various studies suggest that the sugar component of the proteoglycan is responsible for the inhibitory role of these compounds in axonal regeneration. By degrading chondroitin sulphate chains with specific enzymes, denominated chondroitinases, the inhibitory capacity of these proteoglycans is decreased. Chondroitinase administration involves frequent injections of the enzyme at the lesion site which constitutes a rather invasive method. We have produced a vector containing the gene for Flavobacterium heparinum chondroitinase AC for expression in adult bone marrow-derived cells which were then transplanted into an injury site in the CNS. The expression and secretion of active chondroitinase AC was observed in vitro using transfected Chinese hamster ovarian and gliosarcoma cells and in vivo by immunohistochemistry analysis which showed degraded chondroitin sulphate coinciding with the location of transfected bone marrow-derived cells. Immunolabelling of the axonal growth-associated protein GAP-43 was observed in vivo and coincided with the location of degraded chondroitin sulphate. We propose that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, transfected with our construct and transplanted into CNS, could be a potential tool for studying an alternative chondroitinase AC delivery method.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in the induction of neural differentiation, motor axon outgrowth and neural patterning. Like other developmental molecules, RA continues to play a role after development has been completed. Elevated RA signalling in the adult triggers axon outgrowth and, consequently, nerve regeneration. RA is also involved in the maintenance of the differentiated state of adult neurons, and disruption of RA signalling in the adult leads to the degeneration of motor neurons (motor neuron disease), the development of Alzheimer's disease and, possibly, the development of Parkinson's disease. The data described here strongly suggest that RA could be used as a therapeutic molecule for the induction of axon regeneration and the treatment of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Maden
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, fourth floor New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yuan J, Yu J, Huang B, Liu B, Liu J, Jiang R, Ge J. Induction of corneal epithelial progenitors from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rhesus monkeys in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 52:2216-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
25
|
Becerra GD, Tatko LM, Pak ES, Murashov AK, Hoane MR. Transplantation of GABAergic neurons but not astrocytes induces recovery of sensorimotor function in the traumatically injured brain. Behav Brain Res 2007; 179:118-25. [PMID: 17324477 PMCID: PMC1880895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have been investigated in many animal models of injury and disease. However, few studies have examined the ability of pre-differentiated ES cells to improve functional outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of murine ES cells that were pre-differentiated into GABAergic neurons or astrocytes on functional recovery following TBI. Neural and astrocyte induction was achieved by co-culturing ES cells on a bone marrow stromal fibroblast (M2-10B4) feeder layer and incubating them with various mitogenic factors. Rats were initially prepared with a unilateral controlled cortical contusion injury of the sensorimotor cortex or sham procedure. Rats were transplanted 7 days following injury with approximately 100K GABAergic neurons, astrocytes, fibroblasts, or media. Animals were assessed on a battery of sensorimotor tasks following transplantation. The stromal fibroblast cells (M2-10B4), as a control cell line, did not differ significantly from media infusions. Transplantation of GABAergic neurons facilitated complete and total recovery on the vibrissae-forelimb placing test as opposed to all other groups, which failed to show any recovery. It was also found that GABAergic neurons reduced the magnitude of the initial impairment on the limb use test. Histological analysis revealed infiltration of host brain with transplanted neurons and astrocytes. The results of the present study suggest that transplantation of pre-differentiated GABAergic neurons significantly induces recovery of sensorimotor function; whereas, astrocytes do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D Becerra
- Restorative Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Integrative Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bakshi A, Shimizu S, Keck CA, Cho S, LeBold DG, Morales D, Arenas E, Snyder EY, Watson DJ, McIntosh TK. Neural progenitor cells engineered to secrete GDNF show enhanced survival, neuronal differentiation and improve cognitive function following traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:2119-34. [PMID: 16630059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the potential of C17.2 neural progenitor cells (NPCs) engineered to secrete glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to survive, differentiate and promote functional recovery following engraftment into the brains of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to lateral fluid percussion brain injury. First, we demonstrated continued cortical expression of GDNF receptor components (GFRalpha-1, c-Ret), suggesting that GDNF could have a physiological effect in the immediate post-traumatic period. Second, we demonstrated that GDNF over-expression reduced apoptotic NPC death in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated that GDNF over-expression improved survival, promoted neuronal differentiation of GDNF-NPCs at 6 weeks, as compared with untransduced (MT) C17.2 cells, following transplantation into the perilesional cortex of rats at 24 h post-injury, and that brain-injured animals receiving GDNF-C17.2 transplants showed improved learning compared with those receiving vehicle or MT-C17.2 cells. Our results suggest that transplantation of GDNF-expressing NPCs in the acute post-traumatic period promotes graft survival, migration, neuronal differentiation and improves cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Bakshi
- Traumatic Brain Injury Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hamada M, Yoshikawa H, Ueda Y, Kurokawa MS, Watanabe K, Sakakibara M, Tadokoro M, Akashi K, Aoki H, Suzuki N. Introduction of the MASH1 gene into mouse embryonic stem cells leads to differentiation of motoneuron precursors lacking Nogo receptor expression that can be applicable for transplantation to spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 22:509-22. [PMID: 16497507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ES cells transfected with the MASH1 gene yielded purified spinal motoneuron precursors expressing HB9 and Islet1. The cells lacked the expression of Nogo receptor that was of great advantage for axon growth after transplantation to an injured spinal cord. After transplantation, mice with the complete transection of spinal cord exhibited excellent improvement of the motor functions. Electrophysiological assessment confirmed the quantitative recovery of motor-evoked potential in the transplanted spinal cord. In the grafted spinal cord, gliosis was inhibited and Nogo receptor expression was scarcely detected. The transplanted cells labeled with GFP showed extensive outgrowth of axons positive for neurofilament middle chain, connected to each other and expressed Synaptophysin, Lim1/2 and Islet1. Thus, the in vivo differentiation into mature spinal motoneurons and the reconstitution of neuronal pathways were suggested. The grafted cell population was purified for neurons and was free from teratoma development. These therapeutic strategies may contribute to a potent treatment for spinal cord injury in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hamada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The application of stem cells in regenerative and reparative therapies is emerging in surgery. Published information can lead to an over simplified view of stem cells with respect to their definitions, tissues of origin, abilities to differentiate into tissue lineages, and their capacity for functional tissue regeneration. The goals of this review article are to define embryonic and adult stem cells, compare differences between them, and summarize their potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Object
For gene therapy strategies currently in clinical trials, viral vectors are used to deliver transgenes directly to normal and tumor cells within the central nervous system (CNS). The use of viral vectors is limited by several factors. The aim of this study was to assess whether embryonic stem cell (ESC)–derived astrocytes expressing a doxycycline-inducible transgene can be used as a vector for gene therapy.
Methods
The authors generated a pure population of ESC-derived astrocytes carrying a transgene, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), inserted in the chromosome under the control of a highly regulated doxycycline-inducible expression system. Fully differentiated ESC-derived astrocytes were stereotactically transplanted in the mouse brain, and then cell migration and transgene expression were studied.
Results
The ESC-derived astrocytes started to migrate from the transplant site 48 hours after the procedure. They were found to have migrated throughout the brain tissue by 6 weeks. Transplanted ESC-derived astrocytes expressed the TRAIL transgene after doxycycline induction throughout the duration of the experiment. Teratoma formation was not observed in long-term experiments (12 weeks).
Conclusions
These data show that ESC-derived astrocytes can be used as delivery vectors for CNS tumors. This technique might have a major impact on the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas and a wide spectrum of other neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Uzzaman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Benveniste RJ, Keller G, Germano I. Embryonic stem cell—derived astrocytes expressing drug-inducible transgenes: differentiation and transplantion into the mouse brain. J Neurosurg 2005; 103:115-23. [PMID: 16121982 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.103.1.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived astrocytes have many theoretical and practical advantages as vectors for delivery of gene therapy to the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to generate highly pure populations of ESC-derived astrocytes expressing drug-inducible transgenes, while minimizing contamination by undifferentiated ESCs METHODS Embryonic stem cells carrying a doxycycline-inducible green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene were induced to differentiate into astrocytes by using feeder cell-free conditions that are completely defined. More than 95% of these cells expressed the astrocyte markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and GLT-1 glutamate transporter, and the morphological characteristics of these cells were typical of astrocytes. The expression of additional astrocyte markers was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Undifferentiated ESCs comprised fewer than 0.1% of the cells after 10 days in this culture. Positive and negative selection techniques based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting were successfully used to decrease further the numbers of undifferentiated ESCs. Fully differentiated astrocytes expressed a GFP transgene under the tight control of a doxycycline-responsive promoter, and maintained their astrocytic phenotype 24 hours after transplantation into the mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that transgenic ESCs can be induced to differentiate into highly pure populations of astrocytes. The astrocytes continue to express the transgene under the tight control of a drug-inducible promoter and are suitable for transplantation into the mouse brain. The number of potentially hazardous ESCs can be minimized using cell-sorting techniques. This strategy may be used to generate cellular vectors for delivering gene therapy to the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Benveniste
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ide M, Ueda Y, Watanabe K, Kurokawa MS, Yoshikawa H, Sakakibara M, Hashimoto T, Suzuki N. Characterization of intracellular free Ca2+ movements in neural progenitor cells derived from ES cells transfected with MASH1 transcription factor gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2492/jsir.25.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
32
|
Ikeda R, Kurokawa MS, Chiba S, Yoshikawa H, Hashimoto T, Tadokoro M, Suzuki N. Transplantation of motoneurons derived from MASH1-transfected mouse ES cells reconstitutes neural networks and improves motor function in hemiplegic mice. Exp Neurol 2004; 189:280-92. [PMID: 15380479 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2004] [Revised: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were transfected with a MASH1 expression vector and G418-resistant cells were selected. The MASH1-transfected cells became neuron-like appearance and expressed betaIIItubulin and panNCAM. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and galactocerebroside (GalC)-expressing cells were rarely detected. Half of the neural cells differentiated into the Islet1+ motoneuron lineage. Thus, we obtained motoneuron lineage-enriched neuronal cells by transfection of ES cells with MASH1. A hemiplegic model of mice was developed by cryogenic injury of the motor cortex, and motoneuron lineage-enriched neuronal cells were transplanted underneath the injured motor cortex neighboring the periventricular region. The motor function of the recipients was assessed by a beam walking and rotarod tests, whereby the results gradually improved, but little improvement was observed in vehicle injected control mice. We found that the grafted cells not only remained close to the implantation site, but also exhibited substantial migration, penetrating into the damaged lesion in a directed manner up to the cortical region. Grafted neuronal cells that had migrated into the cortex were elongated axon-positive for neurofilament middle chain (NFM). Synaptophysin immunostaining showed a positive staining pattern around the graft, suggesting that the transplanted neurons interacted with the recipient neurons to form a neural network. Our study suggests that the motoneuron lineage can be induced from ES cells, and grafted cells adapt to the host environment and can reconstitute a neural network to improve motor function of a paralyzed limb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Ikeda
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells can in theory produce all cell types of a living organism while renewing themselves with a stable genetic background. These unique features make ES cells a favorable tool for biomedical researches as well as a potential source for therapeutic application. A first step for approaching to ES cells is the directed differentiation to cells of interest, such as the neural cell lineage. Here, we summarize the up and down sides of each category of neural differentiation protocols that have so far been used in mouse and human ES cells, and introduce an efficient and plausible method used in our laboratory for derivation of neuroectodermal cells from human ES cells. This synthesis has led to our suggestions on issues for future design of neural differentiation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Du
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Waisman Center, Wicell Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hamada M, Yoshikawa H, Kurokawa MS, Chiba S, Masuda C, Takada E, Watanabe K, Sakakibara M, Akashi K, Aoki H, Suzuki N. Transplantation of neural progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells brings about functional and electrophysiological recoveries of mice with spinal cord injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2492/jsir.24.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|