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Uehara M, Domoto T, Takenaka S, Takeuchi O, Shimasaki T, Miyashita T, Minamoto T. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β: the nexus of chemoresistance, invasive capacity, and cancer stemness in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Drug Resist 2024; 7:4. [PMID: 38318525 PMCID: PMC10838383 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited number of patients eligible for curative (R0) surgery, failures in the clinical development of targeted and immune therapies, and the pervasive acquisition of chemotherapeutic resistance. Refractory pancreatic cancer is typified by high invasiveness and resistance to therapy, with both attributes related to tumor cell stemness. These malignant characteristics mutually enhance each other, leading to rapid cancer progression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have produced evidence of the pivotal role of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β in the progression of over 25 different cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge on the pathological roles of aberrant GSK3β in supporting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, as well as its contribution to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Importantly, we discuss the central role of GSK3β as a molecular hub that mechanistically connects chemoresistance, tumor cell invasion, and stemness in pancreatic cancer. We also discuss the involvement of GSK3β in the formation of desmoplastic tumor stroma and in promoting anti-cancer immune evasion, both of which constitute major obstacles to successful cancer treatment. Overall, GSK3β has characteristics of a promising therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uehara
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama 939-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Research, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimasaki
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama 939-8511, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
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Ingle K, LaComb JF, Graves LM, Baines AT, Bialkowska AB. AUM302, a novel triple kinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, is a potent in vitro pancreatic cancer growth inhibitor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294065. [PMID: 37943821 PMCID: PMC10635512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) being the most common subtype. Advanced stage diagnosis of PDAC is common, causing limited treatment opportunities. Gemcitabine is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent which can be used as a monotherapy or in combination. However, tumors often develop resistance to gemcitabine. Previous studies show that the proto-oncogene PIM kinases (PIM1 and PIM3) are upregulated in PDAC compared to matched normal tissue and are related to chemoresistance and PDAC cell growth. The PIM kinases are also involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote cell survival. In this study, we evaluate the effect of the novel multikinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, AUM302, and commercially available PIM inhibitor, TP-3654. Using five human PDAC cell lines, we found AUM302 to be a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle progression, and phosphoprotein expression, while TP-3654 was less effective. Significantly, AUM302 had a strong impact on the viability of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AUM302 exhibits antitumor activity in human PDAC cells and thus has the potential to be an effective drug for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komala Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Antonio T. Baines
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, College of Health & Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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3
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Maharati A, Samsami Y, Latifi H, Tolue Ghasaban F, Moghbeli M. Role of the long non-coding RNAs in regulation of Gemcitabine response in tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:168. [PMID: 37580768 PMCID: PMC10426205 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is widely used as one of the first line therapeutic methods in cancer patients. However, chemotherapeutic resistance is one of the most common problems in cancer patients, which leads to the therapeutic failure and tumor relapse. Considering the side effects of chemotherapy drugs in normal tissues, it is required to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance to improve the therapeutic strategies in cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have pivotal roles in regulation of cellular processes associated with drug resistance. LncRNAs deregulations have been frequently reported in a wide range of chemo-resistant tumors. Gemcitabine (GEM) as a nucleoside analog has a wide therapeutic application in different cancers. However, GEM resistance is considered as a therapeutic challenge. Considering the role of lncRNAs in the occurrence of GEM resistance, in the present review we discussed the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulation of GEM response among cancer patients. It has been reported that lncRNAs have mainly an oncogenic role as the inducers of GEM resistance through direct or indirect regulation of transcription factors, autophagy, polycomb complex, and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MAPK, WNT, JAK/STAT, and TGF-β. This review paves the way to present the lncRNAs as non-invasive markers to predict GEM response in cancer patients. Therefore, lncRNAs can be introduced as the efficient markers to reduce the possible chemotherapeutic side effects in GEM resistant cancer patients and define a suitable therapeutic strategy among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Samsami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Latifi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Tolue Ghasaban
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Persaud AK, Bernier MC, Massey MA, Agrawal S, Kaur T, Nayak D, Xie Z, Weadick B, Raj R, Hill K, Abbott N, Joshi A, Anabtawi N, Bryant C, Somogyi A, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Amari F, Coppola V, Sparreboom A, Baker SD, Unadkat JD, Phelps MA, Govindarajan R. Increased renal elimination of endogenous and synthetic pyrimidine nucleosides in concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 deficient mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3175. [PMID: 37264059 PMCID: PMC10235067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs) are active nucleoside influx systems, but their in vivo roles are poorly defined. By generating CNT1 knockout (KO) mice, here we identify a role of CNT1 in the renal reabsorption of nucleosides. Deletion of CNT1 in mice increases the urinary excretion of endogenous pyrimidine nucleosides with compensatory alterations in purine nucleoside metabolism. In addition, CNT1 KO mice exhibits high urinary excretion of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine (dFdC), which results in poor tumor growth control in CNT1 KO mice harboring syngeneic pancreatic tumors. Interestingly, increasing the dFdC dose to attain an area under the concentration-time curve level equivalent to that achieved by wild-type (WT) mice rescues antitumor efficacy. The findings provide new insights into how CNT1 regulates reabsorption of endogenous and synthetic nucleosides in murine kidneys and suggest that the functional status of CNTs may account for the optimal action of pyrimidine nucleoside analog therapeutics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K Persaud
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew C Bernier
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Massey
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Center for Life Sciences Education, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tejinder Kaur
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhiliang Xie
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brenna Weadick
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ruchika Raj
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kasey Hill
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource (PhASR), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Nicole Abbott
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource (PhASR), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Arnav Joshi
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nadeen Anabtawi
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Claire Bryant
- Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Arpad Somogyi
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Foued Amari
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource (PhASR), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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5
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Nadhan R, Kashyap S, Ha JH, Jayaraman M, Song YS, Isidoro C, Dhanasekaran DN. Targeting Oncometabolites in Peritoneal Cancers: Preclinical Insights and Therapeutic Strategies. Metabolites 2023; 13:618. [PMID: 37233659 PMCID: PMC10222714 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal cancers present significant clinical challenges with poor prognosis. Understanding the role of cancer cell metabolism and cancer-promoting metabolites in peritoneal cancers can provide new insights into the mechanisms that drive tumor progression and can identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response. Cancer cells dynamically reprogram their metabolism to facilitate tumor growth and overcome metabolic stress, with cancer-promoting metabolites such as kynurenines, lactate, and sphingosine-1-phosphate promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Targeting cancer-promoting metabolites could also lead to the development of effective combinatorial and adjuvant therapies involving metabolic inhibitors for the treatment of peritoneal cancers. With the observed metabolomic heterogeneity in cancer patients, defining peritoneal cancer metabolome and cancer-promoting metabolites holds great promise for improving outcomes for patients with peritoneal tumors and advancing the field of precision cancer medicine. This review provides an overview of the metabolic signatures of peritoneal cancer cells, explores the role of cancer-promoting metabolites as potential therapeutic targets, and discusses the implications for advancing precision cancer medicine in peritoneal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Nadhan
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.N.); (S.K.); (J.H.H.); (M.J.)
| | - Srishti Kashyap
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.N.); (S.K.); (J.H.H.); (M.J.)
| | - Ji Hee Ha
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.N.); (S.K.); (J.H.H.); (M.J.)
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.N.); (S.K.); (J.H.H.); (M.J.)
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.N.); (S.K.); (J.H.H.); (M.J.)
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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6
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Xu K, Jin L, Xu L, Zhu Y, Hong L, Pan C, Li Y, Yao J, Zou R, Tang W, Wang J, Wu A, Ren W. IGF1 receptor-targeted black TiO 2 nanoprobes for MRI-guided synergetic photothermal-chemotherapy in drug resistant pancreatic tumor. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:315. [PMID: 35794573 PMCID: PMC9258211 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest malignant tumors with features of matrix barrier caused poor drug permeability, and susceptibility to drug resistance. Herein, a PDAC and its stromal cell dual-targeted photothermal-chemotherapy strategy is explored to loosen the matrix and reverse drug resistance. To achieve this goal, black TiO2-Gd nanocomposites were conjugated with insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and loaded with gemcitabine (GEM) to construct bTiO2-Gd-IGF1-GEM nanoprobes. In vitro results show that under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation, killing effect of the nanoprobes on drug-resistant MIA PaCa-2 cell is 3.3 times than that of GEM alone. In vivo experiments indicate the synergetic photothermal-chemotherapy not only loosens fibrous matrix of pancreatic tumor model, but also dramatically inhibits tumor growth, and almost completely eradicates the tumor after 12 days of treatment. In addition, relaxation rate of the nanoprobes is 8.2 times than commercial contrast agent Magnevist, therefore boosts the signal of magnetic resonance imaging in pancreatic tumor. In conclusion, our results reinforce that the prepared nanoprobes are promising to break matrix barrier and overcome drug resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Xu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lufei Jin
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Hong
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunshu Pan
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yanying Li
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Junlie Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Ruifen Zou
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China.
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315016, China.
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Modi S, Giri B, Gupta VK, Lavania S, Sethi V, Sharma NS, Pandey S, Vickers S, Dudeja V, Saluja AK. Minnelide synergizes with conventional chemotherapy by targeting both cancer and associated stroma components in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 537:215591. [PMID: 35398530 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Addition of nab-paclitaxel to gemcitabine offers a survival benefit of only 6 weeks over gemcitabine alone at a cost of increased toxicity in PDAC. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of Minnelide, a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide, in combination with the standard of care regimen for chemotherapy with the added advantage of reducing the doses of these drugs to minimize toxicity. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically in athymic nude or C57BL/6J mice. Subsequently, animals were randomized and received saline or minnelide or full dose chemotherapy or low dose chemotherapy or minnelide in combination with low dose chemotherapy. Our results show that a combination of low doses of Minnelide with Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel significantly inhibited tumor progression and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice in comparison with conventional chemotherapy alone. Moreover, combination therapy significantly reduced cancer-related morbidity by decreasing ascites and metastasis and effectively targeted both cancer and the associated stroma. In vitro studies with a combination of low doses of triptolide and paclitaxel significantly decreased the cell viability, increased apoptosis and led to significantly increased M-phase cell cycle arrest in various pancreatic cancer cell lines as compared to either drug alone. Our results show that Minnelide synergizes with conventional chemotherapy leading to a significant reduction in the doses of these toxic drugs, all the while achieving better efficacy in the treatment of PDAC. This combination effectively targeted both the cancer and the associated stromal components of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Modi
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bhuwan Giri
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vineet K Gupta
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shweta Lavania
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vrishketan Sethi
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nikita S Sharma
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Somnath Pandey
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Selwyn Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashok K Saluja
- Department of Surgery and, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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8
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Di Molfetta D, Greco MR, Alfarouk KO, Cardone RA. Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2486. [PMID: 35626089 PMCID: PMC9139729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and inadequate response to treatment. Many factors contribute to this therapeutic failure: lack of symptoms until the tumor reaches an advanced stage, leading to late diagnosis; early lymphatic and hematic spread; advanced age of patients; important development of a pro-tumoral and hyperfibrotic stroma; high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity; poor vascular supply; a highly acidic matrix; extreme hypoxia; and early development of resistance to the available therapeutic options. In most cases, the disease is silent for a long time, andwhen it does become symptomatic, it is too late for ablative surgery; this is one of the major reasons explaining the short survival associated with the disease. Even when surgery is possible, relapsesare frequent, andthe causes of this devastating picture are the low efficacy ofand early resistance to all known chemotherapeutic treatments. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the roots of this resistance in order to improve the benefits of therapy. PDAC chemoresistance is the final product of different, but to some extent, interconnected factors. Surgery, being the most adequate treatment for pancreatic cancer and the only one that in a few selected cases can achieve longer survival, is only possible in less than 20% of patients. Thus, the treatment burden relies on chemotherapy in mostcases. While the FOLFIRINOX scheme has a slightly longer overall survival, it also produces many more adverse eventsso that gemcitabine is still considered the first choice for treatment, especially in combination with other compounds/agents. This review discusses the multiple causes of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Khalid Omer Alfarouk
- Zamzam Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (R.A.C.)
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9
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Sturm N, Ettrich TJ, Perkhofer L. The Impact of Biomarkers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma on Diagnosis, Surveillance and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:217. [PMID: 35008381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to the frequently late diagnosis, early metastasis and high therapy resistance curation is rare and prognosis remains poor overall. To provide early diagnostic and therapeutic predictors, various molecules from blood, tissue and other origin e.g., saliva, urine and stool, have been identified as biomarkers. This review summarizes current trends in biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still difficult to treat due to insufficient methods for early diagnosis and prediction of therapy response. Furthermore, surveillance after curatively intended surgery lacks adequate methods for timely detection of recurrence. Therefore, several molecules have been analyzed as predictors of recurrence or early detection of PDAC. Enhanced understanding of molecular tumorigenesis and treatment response triggered the identification of novel biomarkers as predictors for response to conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapy. In conclusion, progress has been made especially in the prediction of therapy response with biomarkers. The use of molecules for early detection and recurrence of PDAC is still at an early stage, but there are promising approaches in noninvasive biomarkers, composite panels and scores that can already ameliorate the current clinical practice. The present review summarizes the current state of research on biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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10
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Tao J, Li C, Zheng Y, Wang F, Zhang M, Wu X, Chen Y, Zeng Q, Chen F, Fei W. Biological protein mediated ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9262-9284. [PMID: 34730601 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01289d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a cell death pathway involving iron-related generation of lipid hydroperoxides for achieving incredible tumor suppression, has reignited the hope of chemotherapy in tumor treatment in the past decade. With extensive research studies, various bioactive proteins and cellular pathways have been demonstrated to regulate the occurrence and development of ferroptosis. The gradually established ferroptotic regulatory network is conducive to find effective proteins from a holistic perspective and guides better designs for future ferroptotic tumor therapies. The first section of this review summarizes the recent advances in ferroptotic regulatory mechanisms of proteins and attempts to clarify their latent function in the ferroptotic regulatory network. Second, the existing protein-mediated ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutic strategies were reviewed, including the protein-mediated iron supplement, cell membrane transporter inhibition, glutathione peroxidase 4 interference, glutathione depletion, bioenzyme-mediated reactive oxygen species generation, heat shock protein inhibition, and tumor-overexpressed protein-triggered drug release for ferroptotic therapy. Finally, the future expectations and challenges of ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutics for clinical cancer therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Qingquan Zeng
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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11
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Sun Y, Ren D, Zhou Y, Shen J, Wu H, Jin X. Histone acetyltransferase 1 promotes gemcitabine resistance by regulating the PVT1/EZH2 complex in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:878. [PMID: 34564701 PMCID: PMC8464605 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is primarily due to the development of resistance to therapies, including gemcitabine. The long noncoding RNA PVT1 (lncRNA PVT1) has been shown to interact with enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), promoting gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we found histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) enhanced the tolerance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine and HAT1-mediated resistance mechanisms were regulated by PVT1 and EZH2. Our results showed that the aberrant HAT1 expression promoted gemcitabine resistance, while silencing HAT1 restored gemcitabine sensitivity. Moreover, HAT1 depletion caused a notable increase of gemcitabine sensitivity in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Further research found that HAT1 increased PVT1 expression to induce gemcitabine resistance, which enhanced the binding of bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) to the PVT1 promoter, thereby promoting PVT1 transcription. Besides, HAT1 prevented EZH2 degradation by interfering with ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 4 (UBR4) binding to the N-terminal domain of EZH2, thus maintaining EZH2 protein stability to elevate the level of EZH2 protein, which also promoted HAT1-mediated gemcitabine resistance. These results suggested that HAT1 induced gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells through regulating PVT1/EZH2 complex. Given this, Chitosan (CS)-tripolyphosphate (TPP)-siHAT1 nanoparticles were developed to block HAT1 expression and improve the antitumor effect of gemcitabine. The results showed that CS-TPP-siHAT1 nanoparticles augmented the antitumor effects of gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, HAT1-targeted therapy can improve observably gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells. HAT1 is a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingke Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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12
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Fei W, Zhao Y, Wu X, Sun D, Yao Y, Wang F, Zhang M, Li C, Qin J, Zheng C. Nucleoside transporter-guided cytarabine-conjugated liposomes for intracellular methotrexate delivery and cooperative choriocarcinoma therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:184. [PMID: 34130695 PMCID: PMC8207694 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic tumors seriously endanger child productive needs and the health of women in childbearing age. Nanodrug-based therapy mediated by transporters provides a novel strategy for the treatment of trophoblastic tumors. Focusing on the overexpression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on the membrane of choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3), cytarabine (Cy, a substrate of ENT1)-grafted liposomes (Cy-Lipo) were introduced for the targeted delivery of methotrexate (Cy-Lipo@MTX) for choriocarcinoma therapy in this study. ENT1 has a high affinity for Cy-Lipo and can mediate the endocytosis of the designed nanovehicles into JEG-3 cells. The ENT1 protein maintains its transportation function through circulation and regeneration during endocytosis. Therefore, Cy-Lipo-based formulations showed high tumor accumulation and retention in biodistribution studies. More importantly, the designed DSPE-PEG2k-Cy conjugation exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect on choriocarcinoma. Finally, Cy-Lipo@MTX exerted an extremely powerful anti-choriocarcinoma effect with fewer side effects. This study suggests that the overexpressed ENT1 on choriocarcinoma cells holds great potential as a high-efficiency target for the rational design of active targeting nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yunchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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13
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Kato T, Ono H, Fujii M, Akahoshi K, Ogura T, Ogawa K, Ban D, Kudo A, Tanaka S, Tanabe M. Cytoplasmic RRM1 activation as an acute response to gemcitabine treatment is involved in drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252917. [PMID: 34111175 PMCID: PMC8191885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RRM1 is functionally associated with DNA replication and DNA damage repair. However, the biological activity of RRM1 in pancreatic cancer remains undetermined. Methods To determine relationships between RRM1 expression and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and to explore RRM1 function in cancer biology, we investigated RRM1 expression levels in 121 pancreatic cancer patients by immunohistochemical staining and performed in vitro experiments to analyze the functional consequences of RRM1 expression. Results Patients with high RRM1 expression had significantly poorer clinical outcomes (overall survival; p = 0.006, disease-free survival; p = 0.0491). In particular, high RRM1 expression was also associated with poorer overall survival on adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.008). We found that RRM1 expression was increased 24 hours after exposure to gemcitabine and could be suppressed by histone acetyltransferase inhibition. RRM1 activation in response to gemcitabine exposure was induced mainly in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic RRM1 activation was related to cancer cell viability. In contrast, cancer cells lacking cytoplasmic RRM1 activation were confirmed to show severe DNA damage. RRM1 inhibition with specific siRNA or hydroxyurea enhanced the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusions Cytoplasmic RRM1 activation is involved in biological processes related to drug resistance in response to gemcitabine exposure and could be a potential target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Kato
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikiya Fujii
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ogura
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Uehara M, Domoto T, Takenaka S, Bolidong D, Takeuchi O, Miyashita T, Minamoto T. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β participates in acquired resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4405-4416. [PMID: 32986894 PMCID: PMC7734171 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to gemcitabine is a challenging clinical and biological hallmark property of refractory pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated whether glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, an emerging therapeutic target in various cancer types, is mechanistically involved in acquired resistance to gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer. This study included 3 gemcitabine-sensitive BxPC-3 cell-derived clones (BxG30, BxG140, BxG400) that acquired stepwise resistance to gemcitabine and overexpressed ribonucleotide reductase (RR)M1. Treatment with GSK3β-specific inhibitor alone attenuated the viability and proliferation of the gemcitabine-resistant clones, while synergistically enhancing the efficacy of gemcitabine against these clones and their xenograft tumors in rodents. The gemcitabine-resensitizing effect of GSK3β inhibition was associated with decreased expression of RRM1, reduced phosphorylation of Rb protein, and restored binding of Rb to the E2 transcription factor (E2F)1. This was followed by decreased E2F1 transcriptional activity, which ultimately suppressed the expression of E2F1 transcriptional targets including RRM1, CCND1 encoding cyclin D1, thymidylate synthase, and thymidine kinase 1. These results suggested that GSK3β participates in the acquisition of gemcitabine resistance by pancreatic cancer cells via impairment of the functional interaction between Rb tumor suppressor protein and E2F1 pro-oncogenic transcription factor, thereby highlighting GSK3β as a promising target in refractory pancreatic cancer. By providing insight into the molecular mechanism of gemcitabine resistance, this study identified a potentially novel strategy for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uehara
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Dilireba Bolidong
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Biomedical LaboratoryDepartment of ResearchKitasato University Kitasato Institute HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Department of Surgical OncologyKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical OncologyCancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
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15
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Kawashiri T, Tokunaga A, Kobayashi D, Shimazoe T. Anti-tumor Activities of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase Inhibitors and Bisphosphonates in Pancreatic Cell Lines Which Show Poor Responses to Gemcitabine. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:49-52. [PMID: 31902931 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Few therapeutic options exist for gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors and bisphosphonates in pancreatic cancer cell lines (SUIT-2 and MIA PaCa-2) which show poor responses to gemcitabine, established through long-term culture in nutrient-deprived or gemcitabine-containing media. Under the nutrient-deprived condition, IC50s for statins and bisphosphonates decreased and those for gemcitabine increased compared with those under normal conditions. In cells cultured long-term with gemcitabine, although IC50s for gemcitabine increased, those for statins and bisphosphonates either slightly increased or remained unchanged. Thus, these drugs may be effective against pancreatic cancer cells which show poor responses to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kawashiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Ayumi Tokunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Takao Shimazoe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Bai Z, Ding N, Ge J, Wang Y, Wang L, Wu N, Wei Q, Xu S, Liu X, Zhou G. Esomeprazole overcomes paclitaxel-resistance and enhances anticancer effects of paclitaxel by inducing autophagy in A549/Taxol cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:177-187. [PMID: 33049093 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the occurrence of drug-resistance severely limits the efficacy of anticancer drugs in the treatment of NSCLC. Identification of new agents to reverse drug-resistance in NSCLC treatment is of great importance and urgency both clinically and scientifically. In the present study, we found that A549/Taxol cells displayed a high level of resistance to paclitaxel with the resistance index up to 231. Importantly, esomeprazole could potentiate the antiproliferative effect of paclitaxel in A549/Taxol cells, but not in A549 cells. Further exploration on the underlying mechanisms revealed that esomeprazole decreased the intracellular pH via inhibiting V-ATPase expression in A549/Taxol cells. Meanwhile, esomeprazole pretreatment significantly promoted paclitaxel-induced polymerization of tubulin and enhanced the proportion of G2/M-arrested cells in A549/Taxol cells. Unfortunately, esomeprazole could only result in a slight decrease in the expression of P-gp in A549/Taxol cells. Interestingly, esomeprazole significantly increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, which was impeded by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA in A549/Taxol cells. Taken together, our data suggest that esomeprazole is a promising chemosensitizer against paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC by inducing autophagy. Our study also offers a new strategy to solve the paclitaxel-resistance problem during NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nianyang Ding
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjuan Ge
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Wei
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Silu Xu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Yang Y, Tian W, Yang L, Zhang Q, Zhu M, Liu Y, Li J, Yang L, Liu J, Shen Y, Qi Z. Gemcitabine potentiates anti-tumor effect of resveratrol on pancreatic cancer via down-regulation of VEGF-B. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:93-103. [PMID: 32897433 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our previous study, we discovered that resveratrol (RSV) had potential tumor-promoting effect on pancreatic cancer (PaCa) via up-regulation of VEGF-B. Therefore, we assumed that a pharmacological inhibitor of VEGF-B should potentiate the anti-tumor effect of RSV on PaCa. METHODS Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to examine VEGF-B mRNA and protein levels. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. PaCa cell-bearing nude mice were used to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of single treatment or co-administration of RSV and gemcitabine (GEM). RESULTS We found that treatment with GEM alone dramatically decreased VEGF-B expression in comparison with control group, indicating that GEM is a potential pharmacological inhibitor of VEGF-B in PaCa. The co-administration of RSV and GEM significantly lowered expression of VEGF-B and increased phosphorylation level of GSK3β at Ser9 when compared to RSV alone treatment either in vitro or in vivo. Combination of RSV and GEM significantly increased cell death and apoptosis of PaCa cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo in comparison with RSV or GEM alone treatment. Furthermore, we found that the anti-tumor effect in combination group was dramatically weakened after VEGF-B overexpressed in PaCa cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that VEGF-B signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of PaCa and combination of GEM and RSV would be a promising modality for clinical PaCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Wencong Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanna Shen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Zhu Z, Li L, Xu J, Ye W, Chen B, Zeng J, Huang Z. Comprehensive analysis reveals a metabolic ten-gene signature in hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9201. [PMID: 32518728 PMCID: PMC7258935 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the complicated molecular and cellular heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the morbidity and mortality still remains high level in the world. However, the number of novel metabolic biomarkers and prognostic models could be applied to predict the survival of HCC patients is still small. In this study, we constructed a metabolic gene signature by systematically analyzing the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumors and paired non-tumor samples of 50 patients from TCGA dataset were calculated for subsequent analysis. Univariate cox proportional hazard regression and LASSO analysis were performed to construct a gene signature. The Kaplan–Meier analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis, stratification analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of the gene signature. Furthermore, the reliability and validity were validated in four types of testing cohorts. Moreover, the diagnostic capability of the gene signature was investigated to further explore the clinical significance. Finally, Go enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) have been performed to reveal the different biological processes and signaling pathways which were active in high risk or low risk group. Results Ten prognostic genes were identified and a gene signature were constructed to predict overall survival (OS). The gene signature has demonstrated an excellent ability for predicting survival prognosis. Univariate and Multivariate analysis revealed the gene signature was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, stratification analysis indicated the model was a clinically and statistically significant for all subgroups. Moreover, the gene signature demonstrated a high diagnostic capability in differentiating normal tissue and HCC. Finally, several significant biological processes and pathways have been identified to provide new insights into the development of HCC. Conclusion The study have identified ten metabolic prognostic genes and developed a prognostic gene signature to provide more powerful prognostic information and improve the survival prediction for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiuhua Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weipeng Ye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Borong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Junjie Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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19
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Yang J, Cui X, Zhou Z, Zhan H, Ding K, Tian X, Yang Z, Fung KMA, Edil BH, Postier RG, Bronze MS, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Stemmler MP, Brabletz T, Li YP, Houchen CW, Li M. ZIP4 Increases Expression of Transcription Factor ZEB1 to Promote Integrin α3β1 Signaling and Inhibit Expression of the Gemcitabine Transporter ENT1 in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:679-692.e1. [PMID: 31711924 PMCID: PMC7837454 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic tumors undergo rapid growth and progression, become resistant to chemotherapy, and recur after surgery. We studied the functions of the solute carrier family 39 member 4 (SLC39A4, also called ZIP4), which regulates concentrations of intracellular zinc and is increased in pancreatic cancer cells, in cell lines and mice. METHODS We obtained 93 pancreatic cancer specimens (tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues) from patients who underwent surgery and gemcitabine chemotherapy and analyzed them by immunohistochemistry. ZIP4 and/or ITGA3 or ITGB1 were overexpressed or knocked down with short hairpin RNAs in AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells lines, and in pancreatic cells from KPC and KPC-ZEB1-knockout mice, and pancreatic spheroids were established; cells and spheroids were analyzed by immunoblots, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We studied transcriptional regulation of ZEB1, ITGA3, ITGB1, JNK, and ENT1 by ZIP4 using chromatin precipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Nude mice were given injections of genetically manipulated AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, and growth of xenograft tumors and metastases was measured. RESULTS In pancreatic cancer specimens from patients, increased levels of ZIP4 were associated with shorter survival times. MIA PaCa-2 cells that overexpressed ZIP4 had increased resistance to gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin, whereas AsPC-1 cells with ZIP4 knockdown had increased sensitivity to these drugs. In mice, xenograft tumors grown from AsPC-1 cells with ZIP4 knockdown were smaller and more sensitive to gemcitabine. ZIP4 overexpression significantly reduced accumulation of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells, increased growth of xenograft tumors in mice, and increased expression of the integrin subunits ITGA3 and ITGB1; expression levels of ITGA3 and ITGB1 were reduced in cells with ZIP4 knockdown. Pancreatic cancer cells with ITGA3 or ITGB1 knockdown had reduced proliferation and formed smaller tumors in mice, despite overexpression of ZIP4; spheroids established from these cells had increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. We found ZIP4 to activate STAT3 to induce expression of ZEB1, which induced expression of ITGA3 and ITGB1 in KPC cells. Increased ITGA3 and ITGB1 expression and subsequent integrin α3β1 signaling, via c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibited expression of the gemcitabine transporter ENT1, which reduced gemcitabine uptake by pancreatic cancer cells. ZEB1-knockdown cells had increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS In studies of pancreatic cancer cell lines and mice, we found that ZIP4 increases expression of the transcription factor ZEB1, which activates expression of ITGA3 and ITGB1. The subsequent increase in integrin α3β1 signaling, via JNK, inhibits expression of the gemcitabine transporter ENT1, so that cells take up smaller amounts of the drug. Activation of this pathway might help mediate resistance of pancreatic tumors to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiaobo Cui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiang Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Kar-Ming A. Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Barish H. Edil
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Russell G. Postier
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael S. Bronze
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;,Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marc P. Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Courtney W. Houchen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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20
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Miller AL, Garcia PL, Gamblin TL, Vance RB, Yoon KJ. Development of gemcitabine-resistant patient-derived xenograft models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Drug Resist 2020; 3:572-585. [PMID: 33073205 PMCID: PMC7561044 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gemcitabine is a frontline agent for locally-advanced and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but neither gemcitabine alone nor in combination produces durable remissions of this tumor type. We developed three PDAC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with gemcitabine resistance (gemR) acquired in vivo, with which to identify mechanisms of resistance relevant to drug exposure in vivo and to evaluate novel therapies. METHODS Mice bearing independently-derived PDXs received 100 mg/kg gemcitabine once or twice weekly. Tumors initially responded, but regrew on treatment and were designated gemR. We used immunohistochemistry to compare expression of proteins previously associated with gemcitabine resistance [ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1), RRM2, human concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hCNT1), human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK)] in gemR and respective gemcitabine-naive parental tumors. RESULTS Parental and gemR tumors did not differ in tumor cell morphology, amount of tumor-associated stroma, or expression of stem cell markers. No consistent pattern of expression of the six gemR marker proteins was observed among the models. Increases in RRM1 and CDA were consistent with in vitro-derived gemR models. However, rather than the expected decreases of hCNT1, hENT1, and dCK, gemR tumors expressed no change in or higher levels of these gemR marker proteins than parental tumors. CONCLUSION These models are the first PDAC PDX models with gemcitabine resistance acquired in vivo. The data indicate that mechanisms identified in models with resistance acquired in vitro are unlikely to be the predominant mechanisms when resistance is acquired in vivo. Ongoing work focuses on characterizing unidentified mechanisms of gemR and on identifying agents with anti-tumor efficacy in these gemR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Patrick L. Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Tracy L. Gamblin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Rebecca B. Vance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Correspondence Address: Dr. Karina J. Yoon, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 241, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. E-mail:
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21
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Zeng S, Pöttler M, Lan B, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Yang H. Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184504. [PMID: 31514451 PMCID: PMC6770382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), generally known as pancreatic cancer (PC), ranks the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. While the incidence of pancreatic cancer is displaying a rising tendency every year, the mortality rate has not decreased significantly because of late diagnosis, early metastasis, and limited reaction to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection is typically the preferred option to treat early pancreatic cancer. Although 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin with irinotecan and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel can profoundly improve the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer, the development of chemoresistance still leads to poor clinical outcomes. Chemoresistance is multifactorial as a result of the interaction among pancreatic cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, more pancreatic cancer patients will benefit from precision treatment and targeted drugs. Therefore, we outline new perspectives for enhancing the efficacy of gemcitabine after reviewing the related factors of gemcitabine metabolism, mechanism of action, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marina Pöttler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Bin Lan
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Weinberg BA, Xiu J, Lindberg MR, Shields AF, Hwang JJ, Poorman K, Salem ME, Pishvaian MJ, Holcombe RF, Marshall JL, Morse MA. Molecular profiling of biliary cancers reveals distinct molecular alterations and potential therapeutic targets. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:652-662. [PMID: 31392046 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive, rare malignancies with limited standard chemotherapeutic options for advanced disease. Recent studies have demonstrated potential novel biliary cancer targets and a possible role for immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with this disease. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC), and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) are frequently grouped together in clinical trials despite differences in tumor biology. Methods To further investigate tumor biology differences, we profiled 1,502 BTCs using next-generation sequencing (NGS), immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and RNA sequencing. Results IHCCs had higher rates of IDH1, BAP1, and PBRM1 mutations and FGFR2 fusions; EHCCs had higher rates of KRAS, CDKN2A, and BRCA1 mutations; and GBCs had higher rates of homologous recombination repair deficiency and Her2/neu overexpression and amplification. IHCCs and GBCs had higher rates of potential positive predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition (PD-L1 expression, high microsatellite instability, and high tumor mutational burden) than EHCCs. Conclusions These findings support clinical molecular profiling of BTCs to inform potential therapeutic selection and clinical trial design based on the primary tumor's site of origin within the biliary tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Weinberg
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Michael R Lindberg
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jimmy J Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Mohamed E Salem
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Teng S, Ma C, Yu Y, Yi C. Hydroxyurea promotes TET1 expression and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190456. [PMID: 30988069 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20190456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are abnormally expressed in various cancers. Osteosarcoma cells were treated with hydroxyurea to investigate the expression pattern of TET proteins in these cells. The expression of TET1 was increased in U2OS cells after treatment with hydroxyurea. In addition, hydroxyurea increased cell apoptosis and altered the cell cycle. TET proteins catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC); therefore, 5mC and 5hmC levels were evaluated. Increased 5hmC levels were observed after the hydroxyurea treatment. Experiments examining cell apoptosis and the cell cycle after knockdown and overexpression of TET1 were conducted to further investigate whether TET1 expression affected cell growth. The overexpression of TET1 increased cell apoptosis and inhibited cell growth. Taken together, TET1 expression regulated proliferation and apoptosis in U2OS cells, changes that were associated with 5hmC levels.
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24
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Chen CW, Li Y, Hu S, Zhou W, Meng Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Sun J, Bo Z, DePamphilis ML, Yen Y, Han Z, Zhu W. DHS (trans-4,4'-dihydroxystilbene) suppresses DNA replication and tumor growth by inhibiting RRM2 (ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2). Oncogene 2018; 38:2364-2379. [PMID: 30518875 PMCID: PMC6705423 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA replication machinery is responsible for accurate and efficient duplication of the chromosome. Since inhibition of DNA replication can lead to replication fork stalling, resulting in DNA damage and apoptotic death, inhibitors of DNA replication are commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) that are essential for DNA replication and DNA damage repair. Gemcitabine, a nucleotide analog that inhibits RNR, has been used to treat various cancers. However, patients often develop resistance to this drug during treatment. Thus, new drugs that inhibit RNR are needed to be developed. In this study, we identified a synthetic analog of resveratrol (3,5,4’-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), termed DHS (trans-4,4’-dihydroxystilbene), that acts as a potent inhibitor of DNA replication. Molecular docking analysis identified the RRM2 (ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2) of RNR as a direct target of DHS. At the molecular level, DHS induced cyclin F-mediated down-regulation of RRM2 by the proteasome. Thus, treatment of cells with DHS reduced RNR activity and consequently decreased synthesis of dNTPs with concomitant inhibition of DNA replication, arrest of cells at S-phase, DNA damage, and finally apoptosis. In mouse models of tumor xenografts, DHS was efficacious against pancreatic, ovarian, and colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, DHS overcame both gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Thus, DHS is a novel anti-cancer agent that targets RRM2 with therapeutic potential either alone or in combination with other agents to arrest cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuya Hu
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zongzhu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhou Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Yun Yen
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Han
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA. .,GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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25
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Szlachta K, Kuscu C, Tufan T, Adair SJ, Shang S, Michaels AD, Mullen MG, Fischer NL, Yang J, Liu L, Trivedi P, Stelow EB, Stukenberg PT, Parsons JT, Bauer TW, Adli M. CRISPR knockout screening identifies combinatorial drug targets in pancreatic cancer and models cellular drug response. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4275. [PMID: 30323222 PMCID: PMC6189038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the response and identifying additional targets that will improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is a major goal in cancer research. Through large-scale in vivo and in vitro CRISPR knockout screens in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, we identified genes whose genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition synergistically increase the cytotoxicity of MEK signaling inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR viability scores combined with basal gene expression levels could model global cellular responses to the drug treatment. We develop drug response evaluation by in vivo CRISPR screening (DREBIC) method and validated its efficacy using large-scale experimental data from independent experiments. Comparative analyses demonstrate that DREBIC predicts drug response in cancer cells from a wide range of tissues with high accuracy and identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer-causing mutations to MEK inhibitors in various cancer types. Predicting the response to chemotherapy is a major goal of cancer research. Here the authors use CRISPR knockout screens in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells to identify deletions synergistic with MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Szlachta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sara J Adair
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stephen Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Alex D Michaels
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Matthew G Mullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Natasha Lopes Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jiekun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Prasad Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - J Thomas Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Todd W Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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26
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Nana AW, Wu SY, Yang YCS, Chin YT, Cheng TM, Ho Y, Li WS, Liao YM, Chen YR, Shih YJ, Liu YR, Pedersen J, Incerpi S, Hercbergs A, Liu LF, Whang-Peng J, Davis PJ, Lin HY. Nano-Diamino-Tetrac (NDAT) Enhances Resveratrol-Induced Antiproliferation by Action on the RRM2 Pathway in Colorectal Cancers. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:349-360. [PMID: 30027502 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major issue in the management of cancer patients. Overexpression of the ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) has been associated with aggressive cancer behavior and chemoresistance. Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) is a nanoparticulate derivative of tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), which exerts anticancer properties via several mechanisms and downregulates RRM2 gene expression in cancer cells. Resveratrol is a stilbenoid phytoalexin which binds to a specific site on the cell surface integrin αvβ3 to trigger cancer cell death via nuclear translocation of COX-2. Here we report that resveratrol paradoxically activates RRM2 gene expression and protein translation in colon cancer cells. This unanticipated effect inhibits resveratrol-induced COX-2 nuclear accumulation. RRM2 downregulation, whether achieved by RNA interference or treatment with NDAT, enhanced resveratrol-induced COX-2 gene expression and nuclear uptake which is essential to integrin αvβ3-mediated-resveratrol-induced antiproliferation in cancer cells. Elsewhere, NDAT downregulated resveratrol-induced RRM2 expression in vivo but potentiated the anticancer effect of the stilbene. These findings suggest that RRM2 appears as a cancer cell defense mechanism which can hinder the anticancer effect of the stilbene via the integrin αvβ3 axis. Furthermore, the antagonistic effect of RRM2 against resveratrol is counteracted by the administration of NDAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Wendindondé Nana
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu Yuan Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Sh Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Liao
- Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Aleck Hercbergs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leroy F Liu
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen P, Wu J, Shu Y, Jiang H, Zhao X, Qian H, Chen K, Lan T, Chen C, Li J. Gemcitabine resistance mediated by ribonucleotide reductase M2 in lung squamous cell carcinoma is reversed by GW8510 through autophagy induction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1417-33. [PMID: 29853661 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapeutic regimen containing gemcitabine is the first-line therapy for advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gemcitabine resistance remains an important clinical problem. Some studies suggest that overexpressions of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit M2 (RRM2) may be involved in gemcitabine resistance. We used a novel RRM2 inhibitor, GW8510, as a gemcitabine sensitization agent to investigate the therapeutic utility in reversing gemcitabine resistance in LSCC. Results showed that the expressions of RRM2 were increased in gemcitabine intrinsic resistant LSCC cells upon gemcitabine treatment. GW8510 not only suppressed LSCC cell survival, but also sensitized gemcitabine-resistant cells to gemcitabine through autophagy induction mediated by RRM2 down-regulation along with decrease in dNTP levels. The combination of GW8510 and gemcitabine produced a synergistic effect on killing LSCC cells. The synergism of the two agents was impeded by addition of autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) or bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), or knockdown of the autophagy gene, Bcl-2-interacting protein 1 (BECN1). Moreover, GW8510-caused LSCC cell sensitization to gemcitabine through autophagy induction was parallel with impairment of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and marked increase in cell apoptosis, revealing a cross-talk between autophagy and DNA damage repair, and an interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, gemcitabine sensitization mediated by autophagy induction through GW8510-caused RRM2 down-regulation was demonstrated in vivo in gemcitabine-resistant LSCC tumor xenograft, further indicating that the sensitization is dependent on autophagy activation. In conclusion, GW8510 can reverse gemcitabine resistance in LSCC cells through RRM2 downregulation-mediated autophagy induction, and GW850 may be a promising therapeutic agent against LSCC as it combined with gemcitabine.
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Shinoda S, Kaino S, Amano S, Harima H, Matsumoto T, Fujisawa K, Takami T, Yamamoto N, Yamasaki T, Sakaida I. Deferasirox, an oral iron chelator, with gemcitabine synergistically inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28434-28444. [PMID: 29983871 PMCID: PMC6033369 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Iron is an essential element for cell proliferation and growth processes. We have reported that deferasirox (DFX), an oral iron chelator, showed antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer cells. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of combination of gemcitabine (GEM), standard chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, and DFX in vitro and in vivo. Results GEM+DFX showed antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. GEM+DFX suppressed xenograft tumor growth and induced apoptosis without any serious side effects compared with control, GEM, and DFX (average tumor volume: control 697 mm3 vs GEM 372 mm3, p < 0.05; GEM 372 mm3 vs GEM+DFX 234 mm3, p < 0.05). RRM1 and RRM2 protein levels were substantially reduced by DFX in BxPC-3 in vitro. Conclusion GEM+DFX has significant anticancer effects on pancreatic cancer cell through RR activity suppression. Methods BxPC-3, a human pancreatic cancer cell line, was used in all experiments. Cellular proliferation rate was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and by measuring caspase 3/7 activity with luminescence assay. In the tumor xenografts in nude mice models, when five weeks after engraftment, drug administration began (day 0). After treatment for 21 days, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were excised. Apoptotic cells in xenografts were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay. Protein levels of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) subunit 1 (RRM1) and RR subunit 2 (RRM2) in BxPC-3 cells were assessed by western blot in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Shinoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Seiji Kaino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shogo Amano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Harima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Lankadasari MB, Aparna JS, Mohammed S, James S, Aoki K, Binu VS, Nair S, Harikumar KB. Targeting S1PR1/STAT3 loop abrogates desmoplasia and chemosensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3824-3840. [PMID: 30083262 PMCID: PMC6071521 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pancreatic cancer is associated with poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%. Approximately 90% of pancreatic cancer patients harbor somatic mutations in the KRAS gene. Multiple lines of evidence suggest a persistent activation of STAT3 in KRAS-driven oncogenesis contributing to desmoplasia and gemcitabine resistance. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is an integral component of tumor progression and maintains an activated state of STAT3. FTY720 is an approved drug for multiple sclerosis and acts as a functional antagonist for S1PR1. Here we explored the potential utility of FTY720 to target S1PR1/STAT3 and other major signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer, and sought proof-of-principle for repurposing FTY720 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods: We examined the activity of FTY720 in the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays in human and mouse pancreatic cancer model systems. Further, we studied the efficacy of using a combination of FTY720 and gemcitabine as opposed to individual agents in vitro as well as in vivoResults: Treatment of human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells with FTY720 resulted in inhibition of growth, increased apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. FTY720 in combination with gemcitabine breached the mitochondrial membrane potential, altered the S1PR1-STAT3 loop, and inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) transition. Data from murine models exhibited a marked reduction in the tumor size, increased apoptosis, inhibited NF-κB, S1PR1/STAT3, Shh signaling and desmoplasia, modulated the expression of gemcitabine-metabolizing transport enzymes, and restored the expression of tumor suppressor gene PP2A. Conclusion: Taken together, our results established FTY720 as a propitious molecule, which increases the efficacy of gemcitabine and represents a promising agent in the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Guo J, Li Y, Lam CWK, Wang C, Yao M, Zhang W. ZH-1 enhances the anticancer activity of gemcitabine via deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and apoptotic pathway against A549 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:222-230. [PMID: 29653181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of ZH-1 ((6S,9aS,6aR,9bR)-6-(phenylcarbonyl)-6,6a,9a,9b-tetrahydro-8H-azolidino[3,4-a]b enzo [e]indolizine-7,9-dione) and its potential interaction with gemcitabine in A549 cells. MTT assay showed that the combined use of gemcitabine and ZH-1 presented a significant inhibition effect on A549 cell growth with the cell viability from 82.3 ± 5.6% to 51.0 ± 6.6%. The CI value was 0.60 suggesting a synergistic effect between these two drugs. HPLC-MS/MS data indicated that combined treatment with gemcitabine and ZH-1 induced a significant decrease in deoxyadenosine triphosphate, deoxycytidine triphosphate, deoxyguanosine triphosphate and deoxythymidine triphosphate levels compared with use of gemcitabine alone. Five RNs as well as seven dRNs were considered to be significantly contributive to the discrimination of samples. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that the combination treatment caused A549 cell apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway by up-regulating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activating caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and promoting caspase-7, caspase-9 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage. Collectively, the combined treatment with gemcitabine and ZH-1 exerted a strong synergistic action on anticancer activity through growth inhibition, perturbations in ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides and the activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Zhu J, Ji Y, Yu Y, Jin Y, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chen Y. Knockdown of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 enhances gemcitabine sensitivity by promoting apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8761-8769. [PMID: 29805615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting protein of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C) has been reported to be present in various malignancies. However, its functional role in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unknown. In the present study, the function of PPP5C in PC cells treated with the first-line drug gemcitabine (GEM) was investigated. Short hairpin (sh)RNA targeting PPP5C was constructed to knockdown PPP5C in PANC-1 cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were performed in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects induced by PPP5C silencing combined with GEM treatment. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expression of certain key regulators of cell apoptosis in PANC-1 cells treated with GEM. shRNA against PPP5C effectively suppressed the proliferation of PANC-1 cells treated with GEM. Additionally, cell cycle analysis indicated that PPP5C knockdown resulted in a higher number of PANC-1 cells treated with GEM in G0/G1 phase arrest. Knockdown of PPP5C increased the expression of associated apoptotic markers, including cleaved caspase 3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and phosphorylated (p)-p53. In addition, the combination of treatment with GEM and PPP5C silencing significantly increased the apoptosis of PANC-1 cells by affecting the expression levels of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinases and p-p38. The present study suggests that PPP5C may be a potential target for the treatment of PC and that it may enhance the gemcitabine sensitivity of PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhu
- Department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuanquan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Hessmann E, Patzak MS, Klein L, Chen N, Kari V, Ramu I, Bapiro TE, Frese KK, Gopinathan A, Richards FM, Jodrell DI, Verbeke C, Li X, Heuchel R, Löhr JM, Johnsen SA, Gress TM, Ellenrieder V, Neesse A. Fibroblast drug scavenging increases intratumoural gemcitabine accumulation in murine pancreas cancer. Gut 2018; 67:497-507. [PMID: 28077438 PMCID: PMC5868285 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Desmoplasia and hypovascularity are thought to impede drug delivery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, stromal depletion approaches have failed to show clinical responses in patients. Here, we aimed to revisit the role of the tumour microenvironment as a physical barrier for gemcitabine delivery. DESIGN Gemcitabine metabolites were analysed in LSL-KrasG12D/+ ; LSL-Trp53R172H/+ ; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) murine tumours and matched liver metastases, primary tumour cell lines, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Functional and preclinical experiments, as well as expression analysis of stromal markers and gemcitabine metabolism pathways were performed in murine and human specimen to investigate the preclinical implications and the mechanism of gemcitabine accumulation. RESULTS Gemcitabine accumulation was significantly enhanced in fibroblast-rich tumours compared with liver metastases and normal liver. In vitro, significantly increased concentrations of activated 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (dFdCTP) and greatly reduced amounts of the inactive gemcitabine metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine were detected in PSCs and CAFs. Mechanistically, key metabolic enzymes involved in gemcitabine inactivation such as hydrolytic cytosolic 5'-nucleotidases (Nt5c1A, Nt5c3) were expressed at low levels in CAFs in vitro and in vivo, and recombinant expression of Nt5c1A resulted in decreased intracellular dFdCTP concentrations in vitro. Moreover, gemcitabine treatment in KPC mice reduced the number of liver metastases by >50%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that fibroblast drug scavenging may contribute to the clinical failure of gemcitabine in desmoplastic PDAC. Metabolic targeting of CAFs may thus be a promising strategy to enhance the antiproliferative effects of gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hessmann
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M S Patzak
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - L Klein
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - N Chen
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - V Kari
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - I Ramu
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - T E Bapiro
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Oncology iMED DMPK AstraZeneca UK Ltd, HODGKIN C/o B310 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - K K Frese
- The University of Manchester, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - A Gopinathan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - F M Richards
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - D I Jodrell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, The University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - X Li
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Heuchel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Löhr
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - T M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - V Ellenrieder
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A Neesse
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), commonly referred to as pancreatic cancer, ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western world due to disease presentation at an advanced stage, early metastasis and generally a very limited response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone of PDAC treatment in all stages of the disease despite suboptimal clinical effects primarily caused by molecular mechanisms limiting its cellular uptake and activation and overall efficacy, as well as the development of chemoresistance within weeks of treatment initiation. To circumvent gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, several novel therapeutic approaches, including chemical modifications of the gemcitabine molecule generating numerous new prodrugs, as well as new entrapment designs of gemcitabine in colloidal systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are currently being investigated. Many of these approaches are reported to be more efficient than the parent gemcitabine molecule when tested in cellular systems and in vivo in murine tumor model systems; however, although promising, their translation to clinical use is still in a very early phase. This review discusses gemcitabine metabolism, activation and chemoresistance entities in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathway and provides an overview of approaches to override chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Zhang YJ, Wen CL, Qin YX, Tang XM, Shi MM, Shen BY, Fang Y. Establishment of a human primary pancreatic cancer mouse model to examine and investigate gemcitabine resistance. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3335-3346. [PMID: 29039610 PMCID: PMC5783578 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal types of cancer and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is clinically used for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. However, many forms of pancreatic cancer have acquired resistance to gemcitabine. In order to prevent patients from suffering from the side effects of chemotherapy and to have the chance to receive more effective intervention, assessment of whether the patient pancreatic cancer cells are resistant to gemcitabine before clinical practice is crucial. Recently, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been regarded as a practical approach for preclinical drug resistance test. In the present study, we harvested tumor specimens from 28 pancreatic cancer patients to establish PDX models. The tumor formation rate of the xenografts was 100%, several of which could be re-implanted in nude mice for more than 10 passages. Primary cells were further obtained from the PDX xenografts to determine their morphological features and evaluate their proliferation rate, migration capacity and angiopoietic ability. In addition, the sensitivities of the primary cells and PDX xenografts to gemcitabine were correlated with each other. When compared to the gemcitabine-sensitive cells, the gemcitabine-resistant cells had a higher level of MCF2L expression, suggesting that MCF2L plays an important role in gemcitabine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Lei Wen
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Qin
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Min-Min Shi
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Yong Shen
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Rizzuto I, Ghazaly E, Peters GJ. Pharmacological factors affecting accumulation of gemcitabine's active metabolite, gemcitabine triphosphate. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:911-925. [PMID: 28594276 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is an anticancer agent acting against several solid tumors. It requires nucleoside transporters for cellular uptake and deoxycytidine kinase for activation into active gemcitabine-triphosphate, which is incorporated into the DNA and RNA. However, it can also be deaminated in the plasma. The intracellular level of gemcitabine-triphosphate is affected by scheduling or by combination with other chemotherapeutic regimens. Moreover, higher concentrations of gemcitabine-triphosphate may affect the toxicity, and possibly the clinical efficacy. As a consequence, different nucleoside analogs have been synthetized with the aim to increase the concentration of gemcitabine-triphosphate into cells. In this review, we summarize currently published evidence on pharmacological factors affecting the intracellular level of gemcitabine-triphosphate to guide future trials on the use of new nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peng T, Dou QP. Everolimus Inhibits Growth of Gemcitabine-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Induction of Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis and G2/M Arrest. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2722-2730. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Pancreatic Disease Institute; Tongji Medical College; Union Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430022 P. R. China
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
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Grixti JM, O'Hagan S, Day PJ, Kell DB. Enhancing Drug Efficacy and Therapeutic Index through Cheminformatics-Based Selection of Small Molecule Binary Weapons That Improve Transporter-Mediated Targeting: A Cytotoxicity System Based on Gemcitabine. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:155. [PMID: 28396636 PMCID: PMC5366350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of drug molecules is mainly determined by the distribution of influx and efflux transporters for which they are substrates. To enable tissue targeting, we sought to develop the idea that we might affect the transporter-mediated disposition of small-molecule drugs via the addition of a second small molecule that of itself had no inhibitory pharmacological effect but that influenced the expression of transporters for the primary drug. We refer to this as a “binary weapon” strategy. The experimental system tested the ability of a molecule that on its own had no cytotoxic effect to increase the toxicity of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine to Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells. An initial phenotypic screen of a 500-member polar drug (fragment) library yielded three “hits.” The structures of 20 of the other 2,000 members of this library suite had a Tanimoto similarity greater than 0.7 to those of the initial hits, and each was itself a hit (the cheminformatics thus providing for a massive enrichment). We chose the top six representatives for further study. They fell into three clusters whose members bore reasonable structural similarities to each other (two were in fact isomers), lending strength to the self-consistency of both our conceptual and experimental strategies. Existing literature had suggested that indole-3-carbinol might play a similar role to that of our fragments, but in our hands it was without effect; nor was it structurally similar to any of our hits. As there was no evidence that the fragments could affect toxicity directly, we looked for effects on transporter transcript levels. In our hands, only the ENT1-3 uptake and ABCC2,3,4,5, and 10 efflux transporters displayed measurable transcripts in Panc1 cultures, along with a ribonucleoside reductase RRM1 known to affect gemcitabine toxicity. Very strikingly, the addition of gemcitabine alone increased the expression of the transcript for ABCC2 (MRP2) by more than 12-fold, and that of RRM1 by more than fourfold, and each of the fragment “hits” served to reverse this. However, an inhibitor of ABCC2 was without significant effect, implying that RRM1 was possibly the more significant player. These effects were somewhat selective for Panc cells. It seems, therefore, that while the effects we measured were here mediated more by efflux than influx transporters, and potentially by other means, the binary weapon idea is hereby fully confirmed: it is indeed possible to find molecules that manipulate the expression of transporters that are involved in the bioactivity of a pharmaceutical drug. This opens up an entirely new area, that of chemical genomics-based drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Grixti
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Steve O'Hagan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Philip J Day
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
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Chen S, Wang Y, Zhang WL, Dong MS, Zhang JH. Sclareolide enhances gemcitabine‑induced cell death through mediating the NICD and Gli1 pathways in gemcitabine‑resistant human pancreatic cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1461-1470. [PMID: 28259943 PMCID: PMC5365005 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer, which rapidly develops resistance to chemotherapy. Gemcitabine is the treatment used clinically, however, gemcitabine resistance leads to limited efficacy and patient survival rates of only a few months following diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer and to select targeted agents combined with gemcitabine to promote the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Panc-1 and ASPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells (HPCCs) were used to establish the experimental model, and HPCCs were exposed to gemcitabine of serially increased concentrations to generate gemcitabine-resistant cells (GR-HPCCs). The anticancer effect of gemcitabine combined with sclareolide was then assessed. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase 1 (RRM1) were detected in the HPCCs and GR-HPCCs, and the mechanisms were investigated. Sclareolide resensitized the GR-HPCCs to gemcitabine. The expression levels of hENT1 and RRM1 were lower and higher, respectively, in GR-HPCCs, compared with HPCCs. Sclareolide upregulated hENT1, downregulated RRM1 and inhibited gemcitabine-induced EMT through the TWIST1/Slug pathway in the GR-HPCCs. In addition, sclareolide mediated the NOTCH 1 intracellular cytoplasmic domain (NICD)/glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) pathway, which triggered TWIST1/Slug-hENT1/RRM1 signaling and resensitized GR-HPCCs to gemcitabine. Finally, sclareolide resensitized GR-HPCCs to gemcitabine through inducing apoptosis; in vivo, the co-administraion of sclareolide and gemcitabine effectively suppressed tumor growth. Sclareolide may be a novel agent in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer, which resensitizes GR-HPCCs to gemcitabine through mediating NICD and Gli1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pathology, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Long Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Sheng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
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Guo JR, Chen QQ, Lam CWK, Wang CY, Wong VKW, Chang ZF, Zhang W. Profiling ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide pools perturbed by gemcitabine in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37250. [PMID: 27845436 PMCID: PMC5109029 DOI: 10.1038/srep37250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the dosage effect of gemcitabine, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), on cellular levels of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method. As anticipated, after 4-h incubation of non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cells with gemcitabine at 0.5 and 2 μM, there were consistent reductions in levels of deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates (dNDP) and their corresponding deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTP). However, after 24-h exposure to 0.5 μM gemcitabine, the amounts of dNTP were increased by about 3 fold, whereas cells after 24-h 2 μM gemcitabine treatment exhibited deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), deoxyadenosine diphosphate (dADP) and deoxyguanosine diphosphate (dGDP) levels less than 50% of control values, with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) returning to the control level. Using cell cycle analysis, we found that 24-h incubation at 0.5 μM gemcitabine resulted in a significant increase in S phase arrest, while 2 μM treatment increased G0/G1 population. Our data demonstrated the correlation between the level of RR and the increased levels of dNTPs in the group of 0.5 μM treatment for 24-h with a markedly reduced level of dFdCTP. Accordingly, we proposed that the dosage of dFdC could determine the arrested phase of cell cycle, in turn affecting the recovery of dNTPs pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zee-Fen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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Cho E, Yen Y. Novel regulators and molecular mechanisms of p53R2 and its disease relevance. Biochimie 2016; 123:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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