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Barboza LGA, Otero XL, Guilhermino L. Microplastic contamination in marine mussels from the Atlantic coast of North Portugal and human risk of microplastic intake through mussel consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124133. [PMID: 38754690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a global concern due to its potential impacts on the environment, ecosystem services and human health. The goals of the present study were to document the MP contamination in wild specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis sampled along the Atlantic coast of the North region of Portugal continental (NW Portuguese coast), and to estimate the human risk of MP intake (HRI) through the consumption of local mussels as seafood. Mussels were collected at four sampling sites along the NW Portuguese coast (40 mussels per site), and the whole soft body of each mussel was analysed for MP content. HRI estimates were based on the mean of MP items per wet weight of mussel analysed tissue (MP/g) and consumption habits. A total of 132 MP items were recovered from mussels. MP had diverse sizes (98-2690 μm) and colours. The most common shapes were fibres (39%) and pellets (36%). Five polymers were identified in the MP: polyethylene (50%), polystyrene (15%), poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (14%), polyamide (12%) and polypropylene (9%). From the 160 analysed mussels, 55% had MP. The mean and standard error of the mean of mussel contamination ranged from 0.206 ± 0.067 and 0.709 ± 0.095 MP/g. Compared to estimates based on MP contamination in mussels from other areas and varied consumption habits, the HRI through the consumption of mussels from the NW Portuguese coast is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gabriel A Barboza
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and One Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia (ECOTOX), Departamento de Estudos de Populações, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Xose L Otero
- CRETUS, Department of Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry - Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; REBUSC. Network of biological stations of the University of Santiago de Compostela. Marine biology Station A Graña, Ferrol, Spain; RIAIDT. The Network of Infrastructures to Support Research and Technological Development of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Edificio Cactus. Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Lucia Guilhermino
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Aquatic Ecotoxicology and One Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia (ECOTOX), Departamento de Estudos de Populações, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Alijagic A, Suljević D, Fočak M, Sulejmanović J, Šehović E, Särndahl E, Engwall M. The triple exposure nexus of microplastic particles, plastic-associated chemicals, and environmental pollutants from a human health perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108736. [PMID: 38759545 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics (MPs) is increasing at a dramatic rate globally, posing risks for exposure and subsequent potential adverse effects on human health. Apart from being physical objects, MP particles contain thousands of plastic-associated chemicals (i.e., monomers, chemical additives, and non-intentionally added substances) captured within the polymer matrix. These chemicals are often migrating from MPs and can be found in various environmental matrices and human food chains; increasing the risks for exposure and health effects. In addition to the physical and chemical attributes of MPs, plastic surfaces effectively bind exogenous chemicals, including environmental pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants). Therefore, MPs can act as vectors of environmental pollution across air, drinking water, and food, further amplifying health risks posed by MP exposure. Critically, fragmentation of plastics in the environment increases the risk for interactions with cells, increases the presence of available surfaces to leach plastic-associated chemicals, and adsorb and transfer environmental pollutants. Hence, this review proposes the so-called triple exposure nexus approach to comprehensively map existing knowledge on interconnected health effects of MP particles, plastic-associated chemicals, and environmental pollutants. Based on the available data, there is a large knowledge gap in regard to the interactions and cumulative health effects of the triple exposure nexus. Each component of the triple nexus is known to induce genotoxicity, inflammation, and endocrine disruption, but knowledge about long-term and inter-individual health effects is lacking. Furthermore, MPs are not readily excreted from organisms after ingestion and they have been found accumulated in human blood, cardiac tissue, placenta, etc. Even though the number of studies on MPs-associated health impacts is increasing rapidly, this review underscores that there is a pressing necessity to achieve an integrated assessment of MPs' effects on human health in order to address existing and future knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Damir Suljević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmina Sulejmanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elma Šehović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Parolini M, Romano A. Geographical and ecological factors affect microplastic body burden in marine fish at global scale. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124121. [PMID: 38723708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination has been identified as a worrisome environmental issue at the global level. Fish are the taxonomic group more extensively investigated to assess MP contamination in marine environment. A large variability in MP bioaccumulation (i.e., body burden) was reported in fish but to date there is a dearth of information concerning the drivers underlying this process. The present systematic review aimed at summarizing the results of the scientific literature on MP body burden in the digestive tract of marine fish to quantitatively shed light on the contribution of different geographical (i.e., latitudinal origin of the sample, distance from the coastline and field- or marked-collected) and ecological (i.e., trophic strategy, milieu, and body size) factors driving bioaccumulation. The mean (±SE) MPs/individual was 4.13 ± 2.87, and the mean MPs/ww (i.e., MPs/g) was 5.92 ± 0.94. Overall, MP abundance expressed as MPs/individual of fish from tropical areas was significantly higher compared to the other latitudinal bands, with species sampled close to the coastline that accumulated a larger number of MPs compared to those collected offshore. Neither the trophic strategy, nor the milieu and the market or field origin of fish explained the MP body burden. However, fish body size resulted as a determinant of MP body burden (as MPs/individual), with small fish accumulating a lower amount of MPs compared to larger ones. Qualitatively, but not statistically significant, similar results were generally obtained for MPs/ww, except for an opposite, and significant, variation according to species body size. Our findings showed that geographical, rather than ecological factors represent the main drivers of MP body burden in marine fish, suggesting that environmental variables and/or local pollution sources mainly contribute to explaining the large variability underlying the ingestion and bioaccumulation processes of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
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4
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Asakura H. Representation of investigation results of microplastics on sandy beaches-accumulation rate and abundance in the entire study site. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17207. [PMID: 38618566 PMCID: PMC11015833 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term microplastics (MPs) environmental pollution trends cannot be understood only by investigating their presence on beaches. Without estimating MPs for the entire beach, comparisons between multiple beaches cannot be made. In this study, Nagasaki Prefecture was selected as the study site, we measured MPs accumulation rate to express the MPs pollution trend and weighted the measurement results to enable comparison of MPs content among multiple sandy beaches. The MPs accumulation rate in the study site was measured by periodic investigation at fixed spots. The average in the supratidal zone was 1.5 ± 0.9 mg-MPs/(m2-sand⋅ d) (n = 15). The weighting of the MPs content in hot spots and non-hot spots by their respective areas enabled us to obtain the representative value and the dispersion of the MPs content in the entire study site. The MPs contents in the three beaches were 298 ± 144, 1,115 ± 518, and 4,084 ± 2,243 mg-MPs/(m2-sand), respectively. Using these values, it is possible to compare the MPs contents of multiple beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Fatema K, Islam MJ, Sarker MAI, Elahi KS, Alam MJ, Hasan SJ, Rashid H. Occurrence of microplastics in fish gastrointestinal tracts belongs to different feeding habits from the Bangladesh coast of the Bay of Bengal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24329-24343. [PMID: 38443534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is home to a range of commercially important species with different food habits and feeding features. Microplastic (MP) contamination in the fish of BoB, like in many other marine environments, is a significant environmental concern. The study aimed to investigate the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of selected commercial marine fishes from the Bangladesh coast of the BoB. Six fish species (Escualosa thoracata, Tenualosa ilisha, Johnius belangerii, Trichiurus lepturus, Planiliza parsia, and Mystus gulio) were investigated (n = 120) following hydrogen peroxide digestion, and floatation (saline solution) protocols. After analyses, a total number of 696 MPs (dimension 0.3 to 5 mm) were identified. Moreover, the highest occurrence of MPs in fish GITs was found in planktivorous fish (average of 7.7 items/individual), followed by omnivorous (average of 5.2 items/individual), and carnivorous fish (average of 4.6 items/individual) (p < 0.001). However, planktivorous E. thoracata showed the highest number of MPs per g of GIT (average of 30.99 items/g GIT), whereas T. ilisha showed the lowest count (average of 0.77 items/g GIT). Different types of MPs (fibers (19 to 76%), fragments (6 to 61%), films (8 to 35%), microbeads (0 to 5%), and foams (0 to 2%)) were also observed. In terms of the color of MPs, the transparent, black, green, and blue types were the most common. Polymers were found as polyethylene (35 to 43%), polyethylene terephthalate (28 to 35%), polyamide (20 to 31%), and polystyrene (0 to 7%). The study provides a significant incidence of MPs in fish from the Bangladesh part of the BoB, which is very concerning. Therefore, long-term research is indispensable to ascertain the variables affecting the presence of MPs in fish, their origins, and their potential effects on the BoB fisheries. Stringent policies on plastic use and disposal should be strongly urged in this coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Fisheries Management, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jakiul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Islam Sarker
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Shahrukh Elahi
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Shanur Jahedul Hasan
- Marine Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Harunur Rashid
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Mercy FT, Alam AKMR. Assessment of microplastic contamination in shrimps from the Bay of Bengal and associated human health risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116185. [PMID: 38412798 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) were analyzed in seven shrimp species Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Red tiger shrimp (Caridina cantonensis), Indian shrimp (Penaeus indicus), Red shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni), White shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), Brown shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros), and Roshna shrimp (Palaemon styliferus) collected from the Bay of Bengal. The abundance and characteristics of MPs were assessed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which certainly translocated to the muscle of shrimp species. The highest MP abundance was found in C. cantonensis with 7.2 items/individual (25.3 items/g in the GIT and 6.3 items/g in muscle). The prominent types of MPs in shrimp samples were fibers (30 %) and fragments (29 %). The ingestion rate of MPs of black and transparent color was comparatively higher, with 64 % of the ingested MPs were < 100 μm. The primary polymer types detected based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis were Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polypropylene (PP), and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). Results from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed rough surface textures and adhered particles on the MPs isolated from shrimps. The margin of exposure for females was 71.42, and for males, it was 80.64, indicating that women in Bangladesh are more likely to be exposed to MPs and face a higher risk than men. Sensitivity analysis revealed that MPs particle size was the most sensitive parameter. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of MP ingestion, human exposure, and contamination in shrimps of Bangladesh, which can help future monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Tahsin Mercy
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Rashidul Alam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
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7
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Higueruelo A, Constenla M, Padrós F, Sánchez-Marín P, Carrassón M, Soler-Membrives A, Dallarés S. Coping with current impacts: The case of Scyliorhinus canicula in the NW Mediterranean Sea and implications for human consumption. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116200. [PMID: 38430679 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) is a bottom-dwelling elasmobranch that represents the most discarded catch in terms of biomass in the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean). Potential impacts affecting its population and food safety implications have been assessed in three localities along the Catalan coast. Distinct indicators were integrated, such as biological data, ingested anthropogenic items (plastic and cellulose-like items), parasitological indices, trace metal concentrations and histopathology using liver as target organ. Although high ingestion rates of fibres and levels of some heavy metals, they do not seem negatively affected by any major pathology nor by the current levels of pollutants. Small-scale differences among localities and depths were found and discussed. No zoonotic parasites were found. Encysted larvae of Grillotia adenoplusia and, above all, the levels of Hg found in the musculature, that are well over the European Commission limits, rise concerns regarding human consumption of S. canicula in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Higueruelo
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Constenla
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Marín
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro, s/n, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Dallarés
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Duncan TV, Khan SA, Patri AK, Wiggins S. Regulatory Science Perspective on the Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Human Food. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4343-4358. [PMID: 38452774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are increasingly reported, not only in the environment but also in a wide range of food commodities. While studies on microplastics in food abound, the current state of science is limited in its application to regulatory risk assessment by a continued lack of standardized definitions, reference materials, sample collection and preparation procedures, fit-for purpose analytical methods for real-world and environmentally relevant plastic mixtures, and appropriate quality controls. This is particularly the case for nanoplastics. These methodological challenges hinder robust, quantitative exposure assessments of microplastic and nanoplastic mixtures from food consumption. Furthermore, limited toxicological studies on whether microplastics and nanoplastics adversely impact human health are also impeded by methodology challenges. Food safety regulatory agencies must consider both the exposure and the risk of contaminants of emerging concern to ascertain potential harm. Foundational to this effort is access to and application of analytical methods with the capability to quantify and characterize micro- and nanoscale sized polymers in complex food matrices. However, the early stages of method development and application of early stage methods to study the distribution and potential health effects of microplastics and nanoplastics in food have largely been done without consideration of the stringent requirements of methods to inform regulatory activities. We provide regulatory science perspectives on the state of knowledge regarding the occurrence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food and present our general approach for developing, validating, and implementing analytical methods for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Duncan
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Sadia Afrin Khan
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Anil K Patri
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72029, United States
| | - Stacey Wiggins
- Division of Seafood Safety, Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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Wang C, Guo M, Yan B, Wei J, Liu F, Li Q, Bo Y. Characteristics of microplastics in the atmosphere of Anyang City. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:350. [PMID: 38460005 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In order to clarify the characteristics of microplastics in the atmosphere of Anyang city, TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 samples are collected when the ambient air quality is good, slightly polluted, and severely polluted. After pretreatment, the physical and chemical characteristics are observed and identified by using stereomicroscope and micro-infrared spectrometer. The results show that the average abundance of microplastics is 0.19 items/m3, 0.26 items/m3, and 0.42 items/m3, respectively, when the ambient air quality is good, light pollution, and heavy pollution in Anyang City. It can be seen that with the decline of ambient air quality, the average abundance of microplastics in TSP, PM2.5, and PM10 gradually increases. The black fiber strip microplastics account for about 80% of the total TSP, PM2.5, and PM10 in the ambient air of Anyang City, followed by yellow flake and black granular microplastics and a small amount of green, red, and blue fiber strip microplastics. AQI has a good correlation with the abundance of microplastics in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, and the maximum microplastic trapping effect could be obtained according to the sampling method of PM2.5 in the ambient air. The main components of microplastics are cellophane, followed by PET and EVA. The explorations of human respiratory exposure risk assessment show that with the increase of AQI, the daily intake of microplastics in adults also increased. At high levels of pollution, the human body breathes an average of 222 ± 5 microplastics per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Hebi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Hebi, Henan, 458000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Guo
- Hebi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Hebi, Henan, 458000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayu Wei
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxu Liu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Henan Yuhe Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Bo
- Suzhou Youkang Testing Technology Service Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Sciutteri V, Costa V, Malara D, Figurella F, Campbell I, Deery E, Romeo T, Andaloro F, Consoli P. Citizen science through a recreational underwater diving project supports the collection of large-scale marine litter data: The Oceania case study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116133. [PMID: 38335633 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of literature on seafloor macro-litter has been produced worldwide. However, the spatial coverage of these studies is still limited and highly unbalanced, resulting in considerable knowledge gaps in some regions. To address this lack of information in Oceania, we extracted data from the Citizen Science project Dive Against Debris® to characterize marine debris collected by volunteer scuba divers on the coastal seafloor. Overall, the average litter density was 58.22 items/100m2, with plastics accounting for approximately 50 % of the total abundance and Single Use Plastics accounting for nearly 17 %. Notably, 36 % of the total litter abundance consisted of lost Fishing Gear including fishing lines, sinkers, baits and hooks as the most abundant debris items. To reduce lost fishing gear, clean-up initiatives by divers along with management actions such as education programs for fishermen, gear restrictions and the identification of designated fishing sites are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sciutteri
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Messina, Italy
| | - V Costa
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Calabria Marine Centre, Amendolara, Italy
| | - D Malara
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Calabria Marine Centre, Amendolara, Italy
| | | | - I Campbell
- PADI AWARE Foundation, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E Deery
- PADI AWARE Foundation, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Romeo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Messina, Italy
| | - F Andaloro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Consoli
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Messina, Italy.
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11
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Ferreira LC, Souza Azevedo J. What do we know about plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22119-22130. [PMID: 38403825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing use and inadequate disposal of plastic by humans, aquatic environments have become receptacles for pollutants such as plastic. This study aimed to perform an analysis of plastic particles pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems with special attention to inland aquatic environments and fish in order to identify information gaps in this field. Manuscripts published in the last 21 years and indexed in the Web of Science database were consulted. A total of 185 met the proposed inclusion criteria, such as having empirical data, being conducted in Brazil, and dealing with plastic pollution. In general, the number of studies increases over the years, and this increasing number of publications is accompanied by declared financial support; the Southeast and Northeast regions are the regions that publish the most on the topic, with São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Pernambuco being the main states; the main focus of the studies is the detection of plastic particles mainly in biota (51%) and sediment (34%), and the most frequent ecosystem is the marine (89%); regarding the taxa, the majority is about plastic detection in fish (75%). Only 18% of the papers studying fishes consider their bio-ecological data, and only 17% of the manuscripts carried out the chemical characterization of the particles. However, 99% of the papers considered the shape of the plastic particle. We emphasize the need for more research and grants for studies with Brazilian inland aquatic ecosystems on the effects of plastic particle pollution on freshwater fish. Regional and national research funding agencies are very important to encourage an increase in the number of grants and specific calls for studies on plastic pollution and its impact on freshwater biota, considering the different macro-regions in Brazil, especially in the northern region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Carneiro Ferreira
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Nicolau Street, 210, Centro, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Juliana Souza Azevedo
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Nicolau Street, 210, Centro, Diadema, Brazil.
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12
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Quilis SA, Hernández-Martínez AM, Arribas AJM, Pérez JG, García-March JR, Medialdea JT. High prevalence of microplastics in the digestive tract of Scyliorhinus canicula (Linneaus, 1758) shows the species biomonitoring potential. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116051. [PMID: 38271918 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is widespread in oceans and the ingestion of plastic by marine organisms is causing concern about potential adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the different types of plastics in the digestive tract of female small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). An alkaline digestion method using 10 % potassium hydroxide (KOH), was used. The samples were filtered and visually observed to classify the plastics according to size, shape, and color. Raman spectroscopy was further employed to identify the polymer types. The study found the presence of plastics in 89.5 % of the 200 females analyzed, including 10 polymers, with polystyrene (PS), polyamide-6 (PA6), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and silicone rubber (SR) being the most common. The polymers identified largely reflect the results of similar studies in the marine environment and were similar to global polymer diversity of microplastics, which highlights the potential of S. canicula females for biomonitoring microplastic pollution.
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13
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Amponsah AK, Afrifa EA, Essandoh PK, Enyoh CE. Evidence of microplastics accumulation in the gills and gastrointestinal tract of fishes from an estuarine system in Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25608. [PMID: 38333793 PMCID: PMC10850975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The contamination of aquatic environments by microplastics (MPs) and their subsequent ingestion by fish continues to be a universal ecological challenge. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the accumulation of MPs by fishes globally, not much work has been done within the major estuaries along the Atlantic Coast. This study explored and characterized microplastics in the gills and gastrointestinal tract in 98 specimens of 10 fish taxa (Sarotherodon melanotheron, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Gobionellus occidentalis, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Chrysichthys nigrodigitalus, Elops lacerta, Mugil bananesis, Cynoglossus senegalensis, Apsilus fuscus and Galeoides decadactylus) from the Pra Estuary, Ghana. The gastrointestinal contents of the fish were extracted, analysed and characterized using a stereomicroscope fitted with an Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A total of 529 MP particles were found in the fishes. C. nigrodigitalus recorded the highest MP levels in the gills with an average of 4.83 ± 2.08 items/individual whiles S. melanotheron recorded the highest in the gastrointestinal tract at 9.83 ± 4.63 items/individual. Within the fish, transparent fibrous MPs of size <0.5 mm were the dominate types found. A vertical prevalence of MPs was observed across the feeding and habitat preference of the species suggesting a possible linkage with the ecological niche of fishes. Our findings further demonstrate the need for advance studies on the impacts and level of threat microplastic accumulation pose to the sampled fishes and potential consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoh Kwaku Amponsah
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Amankwa Afrifa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Paul Kwame Essandoh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Christian Ebere Enyoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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14
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Janani R, Bhuvana S, Geethalakshmi V, Jeyachitra R, Sathishkumar K, Balu R, Ayyamperumal R. Micro and nano plastics in food: A review on the strategies for identification, isolation, and mitigation through photocatalysis, and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117666. [PMID: 37984787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, it has become increasingly evident that microplastic pollutant heavily contaminates water sources, posing a potential threat to both human and wildlife. These plastic pollutants do not get degraded efficiently by natural processes and the existing traditional treatment methods are incapable of fully eradicating them. In this regard, degradation of microplastic contaminants through photocatalytic methods has emerged as a powerful technique. Unfortunately, only a limited number of investigations have been reported in the field of photocatalytic degradation of microplastics. This comprehensive assessment focuses on the detailed analysis of the latest cutting edge engineered technologies aimed at efficiently separating, identifying microplastic contaminants present in food samples and degrading them through photocatalysis. Moreover, detailed information on various instrumental techniques that can be adopted to analyze the isolated micro sized plastic particles has been discussed. The assessment and degradation of these micro contaminants through photocatalytic methods is still in juvenile stage and there are lot of rooms to be explored. The need for profound contemplation on methods to degrade them through photocatalytic approaches as well as their possible health risks to humans motivated us to bring out this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Janani
- Department of Physics, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641402, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Bhuvana
- Department of Physics, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Geethalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641402, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jeyachitra
- Department of Physics, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641402, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Ranjith Balu
- Department of Materials Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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15
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Kamel AH, Hefnawy A, Hazeem LJ, Rashdan SA, Abd-Rabboh HSM. Current perspectives, challenges, and future directions in the electrochemical detection of microplastics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2134-2158. [PMID: 38205235 PMCID: PMC10777194 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (5 μm) are a developing threat that contaminate every environmental compartment. The detection of these contaminants is undoubtedly an important topic of study because of their high potential to cause harm to ecosystems. For many years, scientists have been assiduously striving to surmount the obstacle of detection restrictions and minimize the likelihood of receiving results that are either false positives or false negatives. This study covers the current state of electrochemical sensing technology as well as its application as a low-cost analytical platform for the detection and characterization of novel contaminants. Examples of detection mechanisms, electrode modification procedures, device configuration, and performance are given to show how successful these approaches are for monitoring microplastics in the environment. Additionally included are the recent developments in nanoimpact techniques. Compared to electrochemical methods for microplastic remediation, the use of electrochemical sensors for microplastic detection has received very little attention. With an overview of microplastic electrochemical sensors, this review emphasizes the promise of existing electrochemical remediation platforms toward sensor design and development. In order to enhance the monitoring of these substances, a critical assessment of the requirements for future research, challenges associated with detection, and opportunities is provided. In addition to-or instead of-the now-in-use laboratory-based analytical equipment, these technologies can be utilized to support extensive research and manage issues pertaining to microplastics in the environment and other matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H Kamel
- Department, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - A Hefnawy
- Department, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University El-Shatby Alexandria 21526 Egypt
| | - Layla J Hazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Bahrain
| | - Suad A Rashdan
- Department, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hisham S M Abd-Rabboh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 62529 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Wang K, Liu Y, Shi X, Zhao S, Sun B, Lu J, Li W. Characterization and traceability analysis of dry deposition of atmospheric microplastics (MPs) in Wuliangsuhai Lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:168201. [PMID: 37918738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) represent a contaminant of emerging concern that may negatively impact lacustrine ecosystems. It is important, then, to manage and reduce the influx of MPs to lakes, a process that requires the identification of MP sources. In this study, atmospheric MP samples were collected and analyzed from 6 sampling sites in the Wuliangsuhai Lake area from March to June 2021, and used to determine atmospheric depositional fluxes of MPs to the lake surface. The sources of MPs were also explored on the basis of MP characteristics and by determining atmospheric flow patterns to the sampling sites using a backward trajectory model (HYSPLIT). The average atmospheric depositional flux of MPs to the Wuliangsuhai Lake area (3371 ± 1423 n/d·m2) is several times higher than rates measured in other areas. MPs were predominately composed of small (0.05-0.5 mm), transparent fibers; a small percentage of particles consisted of fragments, thin films, or lumpy MPs. Compositionally, most MPs were composed of polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS). The former polymer types are indicative of fibers from textiles, including those from textile plants in adjacent cites. The latter (PS) type is presumably derived from degraded food containers and other items associated with tourism. PE was also identified in association with thin films, which were likely derived from bags and/or agricultural plastics. MP characteristics, combined with spatial variations in depositional rates and the results of the backward trajectory model, suggest most atmospherically deposited MPs in the Wuliangsuhai Lake area were transported to the sampling sites from large cities external to the basin, and, to a much lesser degree, areas of tourism within the lake environment. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for assessing atmospheric MP deposition within inland lake areas as well as for the prevention and control of MP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China; State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China; Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China; State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China; State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Biao Sun
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China; State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Junping Lu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China; State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Wenbao Li
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China; State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
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17
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Kibria G. Impacts of microplastic on fisheries and seafood security - Global analysis and synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166652. [PMID: 37652377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This review paper collected, collated, analysed, interpreted, synthesised, and documented the research investigations conducted on microplastic (MPs) pollution impacts on seafood organisms (including fish, sharks, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, oysters, mussels, and seaweeds) during the last ten years (2012-2022) covering fifty-seven locations/countries in the world. MPs contaminated 926 seafood species comprising 895 finfish, 09 crustaceans, 20 molluscs and 02 seaweeds. Seafood from Asia was found to be most contaminated with MPs. High MP contamination/ingestion was revealed in several seafood organisms. The ingestion of MPs can reduce fish growth and fish fitness, leading to reduced yield/fish production. Fish and seafood play a significant role in supporting the economy, employment, food sources, and livelihoods of people across the globe, which can be threatened due to the contamination of seafood organisms with MPs. MPs have bioaccumulated in fish skin, gills, stomachs, liver, intestine, and muscles as well as dry fish and canned fish. Hence, the consumption of MP-contaminated fresh fish, whole fish, dried fish or canned fish poses risks as it may be a pathway of MP transfer to humans. MPs can increase the health risks to seafood fish consumers since there is a probability that high risks pollutants adsorbed on MPs (heavy metals, pesticides, and oil compounds) can transfer to humans via the food chain. Several of the chemicals (heavy metals, DDT, PAHs) adsorbed onto MPs are carcinogenic. MPs have also been detected in fish meals, therefore, farmed livestock such as aquaculture fish and chicken fed to fish meals can be exposed to MPs and ultimately to humans. Preventive and safety measures are suggested to reduce the exposure of MPs to humans. In addition, several policy strategies are recommended to reduce the impacts of plastic waste and plastic pollution on the environment, aquatic biota, wildlife, seafood and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Kibria
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Global Artificial Mussels Pollution Watch Program, Australia.
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18
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Galli M, Baini M, Panti C, Giani D, Caliani I, Campani T, Rosso M, Tepsich P, Levati V, Laface F, Romeo T, Scotti G, Galgani F, Fossi MC. Oceanographic and anthropogenic variables driving marine litter distribution in Mediterranean protected areas: Extensive field data supported by forecasting modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166266. [PMID: 37579802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter concentration in the Mediterranean Sea is strongly influenced both by anthropogenic pressures and hydrodynamic factors that locally characterise the basin. Within the Plastic Busters MPAs (Marine Protected Areas) Interreg Mediterranean Project, a comprehensive assessment of floating macro- and microlitter in the Pelagos Sanctuary and the Tuscan Archipelago National Park was performed. An innovative multilevel experimental design has been planned ad-hoc according to a litter provisional distribution model, harmonising and implementing the current sampling methodologies. The simultaneous presence of floating macro- and microlitter items and the potential influences of environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting litter distribution have been evaluated to identify hotspot accumulation areas representing a major hazard for marine species. A total of 273 monitoring transects of floating macrolitter and 141 manta trawl samples were collected in the study areas to evaluate the abundance and composition of marine litter. High mean concentrations of floating macrolitter (399 items/km2) and microplastics (259,490 items/km2) have been found in the facing waters of the Gulf of La Spezia and Tuscan Archipelago National Park as well in the Genova canyon and Janua seamount area. Accordingly, strong litter inputs were identified to originate from the mainland and accumulate in coastal waters within 10-15 nautical miles. Harbours and riverine outfalls contribute significantly to plastic pollution representing the main sources of contamination as well as areas with warmer waters and weak oceanographic features that could facilitate its accumulation. The results achieved may indicate a potentially threatening trend of litter accumulation that may pose a serious risk to the Pelagos Sanctuary biodiversity and provide further indications for dealing with plastic pollution in protected areas, facilitating future management recommendations and mitigation actions in these fragile marines and coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Dario Giani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Campani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Rosso
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; CIMA Research Foundation, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Paola Tepsich
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; CIMA Research Foundation, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Vanessa Levati
- CIMA Research Foundation, 17100 Savona, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Laface
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 98167 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 98057 Milazzo, Italy; ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 98057 Milazzo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Scotti
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 98057 Milazzo, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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19
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Wang D, Jiang SY, Fan C, Fu L, Ruan HD. Occurrence and correlation of microplastics and dibutyl phthalate in rivers from Pearl River Delta, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115759. [PMID: 37988965 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have been identified as the novel contaminants in various environments. Phthalates would be released from plasticized microplastics into a riverine environment while transporting to a marine region, but data on their relationship in rivers have been scarce. In this study, the occurrence, distribution and correlation of microplastics and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in two rivers from the Pearl River Estuary were investigated. The elevated level of DBP in the Qianshan River (2.70 ± 0.20 μg/L) was in alignment with the presence of highest microplastic concentration at the same sampling site (15.8 ± 9.8 items/L). A positive correlation was observed between microplastics and DBP in all sampling sites (p < 0.05). The results showed that UV irradiation from sunlight was a majorly inducing factor of DBP leaching from polyethylene microplastics. The concentrations of chemical additives in some degrees reflect the microplastic pollution, but environmental factors and multidimensionality of microplastics such as residence times and types may cause spatial differences of chemical additives in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojia Wang
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519087, PR China
| | - Sabrina Yanan Jiang
- National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao.
| | - Changchang Fan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519087, PR China
| | - Longshan Fu
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519087, PR China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519087, PR China.
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20
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Abbasi A, Sadeghi P, Taghizadeh Rahmat Abadi Z. Characterization of microplastics in digestive tract of commercial fish species from the Oman Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115769. [PMID: 37976585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) content of the digestive tract of two commercial fish from the northern shores of the Oman Sea were investigated. The MPs were characterized by optical microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and SEM-EDX for their number, shape, size, and color. Polymer composition was analyzes using micro-Raman spectroscopy (RMS). MPs were recovered in all fish samples (100 %), with an average of 43.16 ± 8.23 items/individual in Otolithes ruber, and 29.9 ± 2.73 items/individual in Acanthopagrus latus. The predominant shape of MPs in both fishes was fiber (46 %) with black, transparent, and white colors. The majority of MPs were <1000 μm (75 %), and half of the MPs were smaller than 300 μm in size. Their synthetic nature was confirmed by Nile Red staining and determination of the elemental composition of selected items. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were the dominant plastic polymers in the fish digestive tracts. This study reveals abundance distribution of MPs in digestive tract of commercial marine fish. High number of ingested MPs can alarm the accumulation of MPs in the northern of Oman Sea ecosystem with anthropogenic activities and raises issues in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbasi
- Marine Biology Department, Marine Science Faculty, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Parvin Sadeghi
- Marine Biology Department, Marine Science Faculty, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran.
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21
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Selden KR, Baker MR. Influence of marine habitat on microplastic prevalence in forage fish and salmon in the Salish Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115748. [PMID: 37976584 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are increasingly prevalent in marine systems and are a growing concern as a marine pollutant and contaminant with consequences for high trophic level consumers, including humans. Given evidence that links plastics to degraded ecosystem functioning and organismal health, there is increased interest in understanding the prevalence, fate and consequences of marine plastics. Microplastics contain and absorb harmful chemicals which may serve as endocrine disruptors and have negative implications for growth, reproductive health, and longevity. To expand current knowledge on microplastics in coastal marine ecosystems and the potential for biomagnification in marine food webs, we conducted stomach analyses of microplastics in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), an important prey for salmon. Prevalence of microplastics was substantial; 77 % of all salmon and 25 % of all sand lance stomachs contained at least one microplastic. Fish were sampled at multiple sites throughout the inland Salish Sea, including beaches and sediment bedforms for Pacific sand lance and open-water pelagic habitat for Pacific salmon. Pacific sand lance sampled at beach sites had more microplastics compared to those sampled in subtidal sediments and there were more plastics in sand lance at a protected beach site as compared to an exposed beach site. Prevalence of plastics in salmon differed according to species and included analyses of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch); plastics were predominantly fibers in all species, though there were relatively higher rates of ingestion of films and particles in Chinook. Comparisons between plastic concentrations and stomach fullness indicated a slight negative trend, suggesting that plastics may be retained. Further investigation is needed to develop a more thorough understanding of the prevalence and fate of microplastics in coastal marine systems such as the Salish Sea, their concentration within marine food webs, and the implications for species targeted in fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennadie R Selden
- University of Washington, Friday Harbor Laboratories, San Juan Islands, WA, USA
| | - Matthew R Baker
- University of Washington, Friday Harbor Laboratories, San Juan Islands, WA, USA; University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Lopes C, Ambrosino AC, Figueiredo C, Caetano M, Santos MM, Garrido S, Raimundo J. Microplastic distribution in different tissues of small pelagic fish of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166050. [PMID: 37543340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of microplastics (MP) by marine species of ecological and commercial interest represents a major concern, particularly for those present in human diet. This study analysed the accumulation of MP in three species of coastal pelagic fish with high commercial value, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), collected along the Western coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The gastrointestinal tract (GT), gills and muscle were analysed and a total of 504 particles were observed. MP were found in all target tissues of the studied species. Horse mackerel exhibited significantly higher concentrations of microplastics in GT compared to other tissues. On the other hand, anchovies and sardines had significantly lower microplastic concentrations in their muscle tissue. The accumulation of microplastics in the gills showed a significant difference between species, with anchovy having significantly higher concentrations compared to horse mackerel. Horse mackerel had the highest percentage of individuals with microplastics in their GT (92 %), followed by sardine (75 %) and anchovy (50 %). Horse mackerel was also the species that registered the highest percentage of individuals with particles in the muscle (63 %), followed by anchovy (40 %) and finally sardine (39 %). MP in the gills of European sardines and anchovies were similar to those found in water samples. The majority of MP found measured <0.5 mm and were blue fibers. Furthermore, the presence of MP in the GT showed a weak and moderated significant negative correlation with the Fulton Condition Index in horse mackerel and European sardine. Our study confirms the ubiquitous extent of MP contamination in the ocean and provides baseline evidence of MP tissue distribution in three small pelagic fish species with distinct feeding behaviour, while correlating this with the presence of MP in water. Importantly, the results of this study contribute to improve the understanding of biological partitioning of MP in open sea fish species with high commercial relevance, and the potential deleterious effects of our increasingly MP contaminated world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lopes
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Ambrosino
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Garrido
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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23
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Xu J, Wu G, Wang H, Ding Z, Xie J. Recent Study of Separation and Identification of Micro- and Nanoplastics for Aquatic Products. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4207. [PMID: 37959888 PMCID: PMC10650332 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are polymeric compounds widely used in industry and daily life. Although contamination of aquatic products with MNPs exists, most current research on MNPs focuses on environmental, ecological, and toxicological studies, with less on food safety. Currently, the extent to which aquatic products are affected depends primarily on the physical and chemical properties of the consumed MNPs and the content of MNPs. This review presents new findings on the occurrence of MNPs in aquatic products in light of their properties, carrier effects, chemical effects, seasonality, spatiality, and differences in their location within organisms. The latest studies have been summarized for separation and identification of MNPs for aquatic products as well as their physical and chemical properties in aquatic products using fish, bivalves, and crustaceans as models from a food safety perspective. Also, the shortcomings of safety studies are reviewed, and guidance is provided for future research directions. Finally, gaps in current knowledge on MNPs are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (G.W.)
| | - Gan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (G.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (G.W.)
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (G.W.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
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24
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Nyadjro ES, Webster JAB, Boyer TP, Cebrian J, Collazo L, Kaltenberger G, Larsen K, Lau YH, Mickle P, Toft T, Wang Z. The NOAA NCEI marine microplastics database. Sci Data 2023; 10:726. [PMID: 37863915 PMCID: PMC10589325 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (<5 mm) pollution is a growing problem affecting coastal communities, marine ecosystems, aquatic life, and human health. The widespread occurrence of marine microplastics, and the need to curb its threats, require expansive, and continuous monitoring. While microplastic research has increased in recent years and generated significant volumes of data, there is a lack of a robust, open access, and long-term aggregation of this data. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) now provides a global open access to marine microplastics data on an easily discoverable and accessible GIS web map and data portal ( https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/microplastics ). The objective of this data portal is to develop a repository where microplastics data are aggregated, archived, and served in a user friendly, consistent, and reliable manner. This work contributes to NCEI's efforts towards data standardization, integration, harmonization, and interoperability among national and international collaborators for monitoring global marine microplastics. This paper describes the NOAA NCEI global marine microplastics database, its creation, quality control procedures, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer S Nyadjro
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA.
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA.
| | - Jennifer A B Webster
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
| | - Tim P Boyer
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Just Cebrian
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
- Vesta, PBC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonard Collazo
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
| | - Gunnar Kaltenberger
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
| | - Kirsten Larsen
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
| | - Yee H Lau
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
| | - Paul Mickle
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
| | - Tiffany Toft
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1021 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
| | - Zhankun Wang
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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25
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Sá S, Torres-Pereira A, Ferreira M, Monteiro SS, Fradoca R, Sequeira M, Vingada J, Eira C. Microplastics in Cetaceans Stranded on the Portuguese Coast. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3263. [PMID: 37893986 PMCID: PMC10603649 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterises microplastics in small cetaceans on the coast of Portugal and assesses the relationship between several biological variables and the amount of detected microplastics. The intestines of 38 stranded dead cetaceans were processed in the laboratory, with digestion methods adapted to the amount of organic matter in each sample. The influence of several biological and health variables (e.g., species, sex, body condition) on the amount of microplastics was tested in all analysed species and particularly in common dolphins, due to the larger number of available samples. Most of the analysed individuals had microplastics in the intestine (92.11%), with harbour porpoises revealing a significantly higher median number of microplastics than common dolphins, probably due to their different diets, use of habitat and feeding strategies. None of the other tested variables significantly influenced the number of microplastics. Moreover, the microplastics found should not be enough to cause physical or chemical sublethal effects, although the correlation between microplastic ingestion and plastic additive bioaccumulation in cetacean tissues requires further investigation. Future monitoring in biota should rely on improved and standardised protocols for microplastic analyses in complex samples to allow for accurate analyses of larger samples and spatio-temporal comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sá
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Andreia Torres-Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Marisa Ferreira
- Portuguese Wildlife Society (SPVS), Estação de Campo de Quiaios, 3081-101 Figueira da Foz, Portugal; (M.F.); (R.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Sílvia S. Monteiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Raquel Fradoca
- Portuguese Wildlife Society (SPVS), Estação de Campo de Quiaios, 3081-101 Figueira da Foz, Portugal; (M.F.); (R.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Marina Sequeira
- Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e Florestas (ICNF), Av. da República 16, 1050-191 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - José Vingada
- Portuguese Wildlife Society (SPVS), Estação de Campo de Quiaios, 3081-101 Figueira da Foz, Portugal; (M.F.); (R.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Catarina Eira
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.-P.); (S.S.M.); (C.E.)
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26
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Amesho KTT, Chinglenthoiba C, Samsudin MSAB, Lani MN, Pandey A, Desa MNM, Suresh V. Microplastics in the environment: An urgent need for coordinated waste management policies and strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118713. [PMID: 37567004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a prevalent environmental concern, exerting detrimental effects on marine and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as human health. Addressing this urgent issue necessitates the implementation of coordinated waste management policies and strategies. In this study, we present a comprehensive review focusing on key results and the underlying mechanisms associated with microplastics. We examine their sources and pathways, elucidate their ecological and human health impacts, and evaluate the current state of waste management policies. By drawing upon recent research and pertinent case studies, we propose a range of practical solutions, encompassing enhanced recycling and waste reduction measures, product redesign, and innovative technological interventions. Moreover, we emphasize the imperative for collaboration and cooperation across sectors and jurisdictions to effectively tackle this pressing environmental challenge. The findings of this study contribute to the broader understanding of microplastics and provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassian T T Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia; Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 7387, Swakopmund, Namibia.
| | - Chingakham Chinglenthoiba
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, India; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mohd S A B Samsudin
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microplastic Research Interest Group (MRIG), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nizam Lani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microplastic Research Interest Group (MRIG), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, 19 Steve Biko Road, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, 485001, India.
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Valiyaveettil Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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27
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Sari Erkan H, Takatas B, Ozturk A, Gündogdu S, Aydın F, Koker L, Ozdemir OK, Albay M, Onkal Engin G. Spatio-temporal distribution of microplastic pollution in surface sediments along the coastal areas of Istanbul, Turkey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115461. [PMID: 37659384 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become prevalent in various environmental compartments, including air, water, and soil, attracting attention as significant pollutant parameters. This study investigated the prevalence of MP pollution in surface sediments along Istanbul's Marmara Sea, encompassing the megacity and the Bosphorus. A comprehensive sampling approach was employed, covering 43 stations across four seasons and depths ranging from 5 to 70 m. The objective was to assess the impact of terrestrial, social, and industrial activities on MPs. The average concentrations varied per season, with fall, winter, spring, and summer values recorded as 2000 ± 4100, 1600 ± 3900, 4300 ± 12,000, and 9500 ± 20,300 particles/kg-DW. The study identified river stations in the Golden Horn and sea discharge locations as hotspots for high concentrations. Notably, the dominant shape shifted from fibers in fall, winter, and spring to fragments during summer, coinciding with mucilage occurrences. The study identified 11 different polymers, with polyethylene (44 %) and polypropylene (31 %) being the most common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Sari Erkan
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Betul Takatas
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Alihan Ozturk
- Yildiz Technical University, Control and Automation Engineering Department, 34349 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sedat Gündogdu
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, 01330 Adana, Turkiye
| | - Fatih Aydın
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Freshwater Resources and Management, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Latife Koker
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Freshwater Resources and Management, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Oguz Kaan Ozdemir
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Meric Albay
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Freshwater Resources and Management, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Guleda Onkal Engin
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye
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28
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Emenike EC, Okorie CJ, Ojeyemi T, Egbemhenghe A, Iwuozor KO, Saliu OD, Okoro HK, Adeniyi AG. From oceans to dinner plates: The impact of microplastics on human health. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20440. [PMID: 37790970 PMCID: PMC10543225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics, measuring less than 5 mm in diameter, are now found in various environmental media, including soil, water, and air, and have infiltrated the food chain, ultimately becoming a part of the human diet. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the intricate nexus between microplastics and human health, thereby contributing to the existing knowledge on the subject. Sources of microplastics, including microfibers from textiles, personal care products, and wastewater treatment plants, among others, were assessed. The study meticulously examined the diverse routes of microplastic exposure-ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact-offering insights into the associated health risks. Notably, ingestion of microplastics has been linked to gastrointestinal disturbances, endocrine disruption, and the potential transmission of pathogenic bacteria. Inhalation of airborne microplastics emerges as a critical concern, with possible implications for respiratory and cardiovascular health. Dermal contact, although less explored, raises the prospect of skin irritation and allergic reactions. The impacts of COVID-19 on microplastic pollution were also highlighted. Throughout the manuscript, the need for a deeper mechanistic understanding of microplastic interactions with human systems is emphasized, underscoring the urgency for further research and public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebuka Chizitere Emenike
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Chika J. Okorie
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Toluwalase Ojeyemi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, USA
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abel Egbemhenghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Art and Science, Texas Tech University, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley O. Iwuozor
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi D. Saliu
- Department of Indutrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Hussein K. Okoro
- Department of Indutrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adewale George Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Landmark University, Omu-aran, Nigeria
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29
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da Costa ID, Costa LL, Cordeiro CAMM, Zalmon IR. Ecological traits do not predict the uptake of microplastics by fishes in a Neotropical River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94850-94864. [PMID: 37540415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by synthetic polymers is even more problematic to the environment when this material is fragmented into small portions, forming microplastics (MPs). We analyzed the contamination of ichthyofauna by MPs in an important river of the Atlantic Rainforest in regard to abundance, diversity of morphotypes, polymers, colors, and sizes of the synthetic particles in 20 species of fish. Fish were collected in November 2019 and in March 2020 in five sites along the Pomba River. Of the 101 fish analyzed, 49 (49%) presented MPs in at least one organ. Of the 20 species of fish collected 13 included individuals with at least one MP in their analyzed organs. The organs, trophic categories and feeding areas did not affect the general abundance of MPs types. Blue MPs were predominant, followed by the colors black, red, and white. MP fibers represented 91% of total MPs. Most MPs were between 2 and 3 mm in size. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polyvinylidene chloride "Nylon" (PVDC), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were detected in the fishes. The exposure of the fish species to MPs was associated mainly with individual size and species-specific aspects, regardless of ecological traits. Considering that 55% of the fish species studied are consumed by humans, it is necessary to study the potential impact of MP ingestion on human health and to understand to what extent we may be consuming both plastic particles and contaminants that are adsorbed to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor David da Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Biológicas e da Terra, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Santo Antônio de Pádua, Rio de Janeiro, 28470-000, Brazil.
- Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Regulação de Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, 76900-726, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Lopes Costa
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | | | - Ilana Rosental Zalmon
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
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30
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Ergas M, Figueroa D, Paschke K, Urbina MA, Navarro JM, Vargas-Chacoff L. Cellulosic and microplastic fibers in the Antarctic fish Harpagifer antarcticus and Sub-Antarctic Harpagifer bispinis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115380. [PMID: 37562239 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Human settlements within the Antarctic continent have caused significant coastal pollution by littering plastic. The present study assessed the potential presence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of the Antarctic fish Harpagifer antarcticus, endemic to the polar region, and in the sub-Antarctic fish Harpagifer bispinis. H. antarcticus. A total of 358 microfibers of multiple colors were found in 89 % of H. antarcticus and 73 % of H. bispinis gastrointestinal track. A Micro-FTIR analysis characterized a sub-group (n = 42) of microfibers. It revealed that most of the fibers were cellulose (69 %). Manmade fibers such as microplastics polyethylene terephtalate, acrylics, and semisynthetic/natural cellulosic fibers were present in the fish samples. All the microfibers extracted were textile fibers of blue, black, red, green, and violet color. Our results suggest that laundry greywater discharges of human settlements near coastal waters in Antarctica are a major source of these pollutants in the Antarctic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Ergas
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniela Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile; Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Integrative Biology Group, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Aksu M, Başaran A, Sunlu U. Spatio-temporal distribution of microplastic abundances in Izmir Bay (eastern Aegean Sea). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1116. [PMID: 37648952 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and their impacts have been extensively studied in the Mediterranean region. However, more research has yet to be conducted on assessing the extent of microplastic (MP) pollution in the eastern Aegean Sea, specifically in Izmir Bay. This study aims to evaluate the current state of MP pollution in surface water and sediment samples collected from Izmir Bay. Ten sampling stations were specifically selected, including locations near stream discharge points, maritime transportation piers, and port areas. Surface water samples were collected using a manta trawl net, while sediment samples were obtained using a Van Veen grab. The mean MP abundances in surface water ranged from 1,083,882 to 8,091,684 items/km2. Fragment type MPs were dominant. In terms of size category, it was found that MP s of 500µm size were dominant. The dominant color of MPs was white. ATR-FTIR analyses revealed that polyethylene and polypropylene were the dominant polymer types. MP concentrations in sediment ranged from 2,125 to 4,925 items/m2, with fiber-type MPs being the most abundant. Black-colored MPs were found to dominate in sediment samples. Overall, the MP levels in Izmir Bay were higher than previous studies findings. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct long-term monitoring studies to obtain more consistent and reliable data on MP pollution levels in Izmir Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aksu
- Fisheries Faculty, Department of Marine-Inland Waters Sciences and Technology, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Türkiye.
| | - Aslı Başaran
- Fisheries Faculty, Department of Marine-Inland Waters Sciences and Technology, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Uğur Sunlu
- Fisheries Faculty, Department of Marine-Inland Waters Sciences and Technology, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Türkiye
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Ferdous SR, Amin A, Hasan J, Alam MS, Shahjahan M. Prevalence of microplastics in commonly consumed fish species of the river Old Brahmaputra, Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85639-85654. [PMID: 37392300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive in aquatic environments, but inland waterbodies (rivers and floodplains) have received much less attention. The present study assesses the incidence of MPs in the gastrointestinal tracts of five commercially important edible fish species-two column feeders (n = 30) and three benthivores (n = 45) from upstream, midstream, and downstream of the Old Brahmaputra river in north-central Bangladesh. MPs were detected in 58.93% of fish, with the highest level in freshwater eel, Mastacembelus armatus (10.31 ± 0.75/fish). Fibers (49.03%) and pellets (28.02%) were the most frequent MPs. Nearly 72% MPs were smaller than 1 mm, and 50.97% were black. FTIR analysis showed 59% polyethelene (PE), followed by polyamide (40%) and unidentified (1%). MP ingestion was linked to fish size and weight, and a high incidence was recorded in the downstream river. Two omnivorous benthic fish ingest more MPs than others. The results corroborate the presence of MPs in the inland river and fish fauna and augment our understanding of heterogeneous MP uptake by fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rubaiyat Ferdous
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Al Amin
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samsul Alam
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Giani D, Andolina C, Baini M, Panti C, Sciandra M, Vizzini S, Fossi MC. Trophic niche influences ingestion of micro- and mesoplastics in pelagic and demersal fish from the Western Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121632. [PMID: 37059168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has been extensively documented in the marine food web, but targeted studies focusing on the relationship between microplastic ingestion and fish trophic niches are still limited. In this study we investigated the frequency of occurrence and the abundance of micro- and mesoplastics (MMPs) in eight fish species with different feeding habits from the western Mediterranean Sea. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) was used to describe the trophic niche and its metrics for each species. A total of 139 plastic items were found in 98 out of the 396 fish analysed (25%). The bogue revealed the highest occurrence with 37% of individuals with MMPs in their gastrointestinal tract, followed by the European sardine (35%). We highlighted how some of the assessed trophic niche metrics seem to influence MMPs occurrence. Fish species with a wider isotopic niche and higher trophic diversity were more probable to ingest plastic particles in pelagic, benthopelagic and demersal habitats. Additionally, fish trophic habits, habitat and body condition influenced the abundance of ingested MMPs. A higher number of MMPs per individual was found in zooplanktivorous than in benthivore and piscivorous species. Similarly, our results show a higher plastic particles ingestion per individual in benthopelagic and pelagic species than in demersal species, which also resulted in lower body condition. Altogether, these results suggest that feeding habits and trophic niche descriptors can play a significant role in the ingestion of plastic particles in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Giani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Andolina
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Marine Sciences, CoNISMa, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Italy
| | - Mariangela Sciandra
- Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatrice Vizzini
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Marine Sciences, CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Italy
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Matluba M, Ahmed MK, Chowdhury KMA, Khan N, Ashiq MAR, Islam MS. The pervasiveness of microplastic contamination in the gastrointestinal tract of fish from the western coast of Bangladesh. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115145. [PMID: 37331273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish from the western coast of Bangladesh, the world's largest mangrove ecosystem. Altogether, 8 different species of fish (5 demersal and 3 pelagic) were examined. Microplastics were detected in every individual fish with an average abundance of 7.1 ± 3.14 particles per specimen. The demersal species were observed to consume more microplastics (7.78 ± 3.51) than the pelagic species (5.92 ± 2.06). Moreover, small-sized fish was found to accumulate higher MPs/body weight than large-sized fish. Polypropylene was the most abundant polymer type (45 %) and fiber was the most prevalent shape (71 %). SEM analysis revealed cracks, pits, and foreign particles on the microplastics' surface, representing their ability to bear organic pollutants and heavy metals. This study will be a source of information for future research and a guide for policy-makers to take better actions to protect and restore marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marhaba Matluba
- Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nasim Khan
- Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Saiful Islam
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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Menéndez D, Blanco-Fernandez C, Machado-Schiaffino G, Ardura A, Garcia-Vazquez E. High microplastics concentration in liver is negatively associated with condition factor in the Benguela hake Merluccius polli. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115135. [PMID: 37320916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) affect both marine and terrestrial biota worldwide for their harmful effects, which range from physical cell damage to physiological deterioration. In this research, microplastics were quantified from gills, liver and muscle of demersal Benguela hakes Merluccius polli (n = 94), caught by commercial trawling from northwest African waters. Plastic polymers were identified using Fourier Transformed-infraRed spectroscopy (FT-iR). Fulton's k condition factor and the degree of DNA degradation in liver were measured. None of the individuals were free of MPs, whose concentration ranged from 0.18 particles/g in muscle to 0.6 in liver. Four hazardous polymers were identified: 2-ethoxyethylmethacrylate, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, and poly-acrylics. MP concentration in liver was correlated negatively with the condition factor, suggesting physiological damage. Positive association of MP concentration and liver DNA degradation was explained from cell breakage during trawl hauls during decompression, suggesting an additional way of MPs harm in organisms inhabiting at great depth. This is the first report of potential MPs-driven damage in this species; more studies are recommended to understand the impact of MP pollution on demersal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menéndez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba Ardura
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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My TTA, Dat ND, Hung NQ. Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastics in Wild and Farmed Shrimps Collected from Cau Hai Lagoon, Central Vietnam. Molecules 2023; 28:4634. [PMID: 37375190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tracts (GT) and tissues of four common shrimps (including two wild-caught shrimps and two farmed shrimps) collected from a high-diversity lagoon in central Vietnam. The numbers of MP items in greasy-back shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis), green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus), white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), determined per weight and individual, were 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.4, and 0.5 ± 0.3 (items/g-ww), and 2.5 ± 0.5, 2.3 ± 0.7, 8.6 ± 3.5, 7.7 ± 3.5 (items/individual), respectively. The concentration of microplastics in the GT samples was significantly higher than that in the tissue samples (p < 0.05). The number of microplastics in the farmed shrimp (white-leg shrimp and black tiger shrimp) was statistically significantly higher than the number of microplastics in the wild-caught shrimp (greasy-back and green tiger shrimps) (p <0.05). Fibers and fragments were the dominant shapes of the MPs, followed by pellets, and these accounted for 42-69%, 22-57%, and 0-27% of the total microplastics, respectively. The chemical compositions determined using FTIR confirmed six polymers, in which rayon was the most abundant polymer, accounting for 61.9% of the MPs found, followed by polyamide (10.5%), PET (6.7%), polyethylene (5.7%), polyacrylic (5.8%), and polystyrene (3.8%). As the first investigation on the MPs in shrimps from Cau Hai Lagoon, central Vietnam, this study provides useful information on the occurrences and characteristics of the microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts and tissues of four shrimp species that live in different living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Ai My
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duy Dat
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Hung
- Center of Analytical Sevices and Experimentation HCMc, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
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Onay H, Karslı B, Minaz M, Dalgıç G. Seasonal monitoring of microplastic pollution in the Southeast Black Sea: An example of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) gastrointestinal tracts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114886. [PMID: 37043931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated seasonal presence of microplastic (MP) in gastrointestinal tracts of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) sampled from the Southeast Black Sea Region. A total of 335 MPs were detected in 120 individuals. While the most MP was observed in the winter and autumn seasons, quite few MPs were found in the summer and spring seasons. MP size did not show significant difference among seasons. While all of the MPs in the autumn and spring and most of the MPs in the winter were fiber-shaped, most of the MPs in the summer were fragments. The most observed MP color for all seasons was white. While polymer structures did not show much variation in spring and summer, six different polymers were determined for both autumn and winter. In general, less MPs were detected during fishing ban period (summer) and the characteristic properties of the detected MPs suggest a MP pollution in the region due to intense fishing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Onay
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Barış Karslı
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mert Minaz
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Göktuğ Dalgıç
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
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Concato M, Panti C, Baini M, Galli M, Giani D, Fossi MC. Detection of anthropogenic fibres in marine organisms: Knowledge gaps and methodological issues. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114949. [PMID: 37119585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Most studies examining the occurrence of plastics and microplastics in marine organisms have identified anthropogenic fibres, of natural and synthetic origin, as the most commonly occurring category. Anthropogenic fibres may have been chemically treated with additives making them more persistent and a potential threat to marine organisms. However, fibres have often been excluded from analytical data for the difficulties related to the sampling and analytical procedures, including potential overestimation of the results due to airborne contamination. This review aimed to collect and analyse all studies focusing on the interaction between anthropogenic fibres and marine organisms worldwide, highlighting critical issues that need to be overcome for the analysis fibres on marine organisms. Furthermore, emphasis was placed on the species studied in the Mediterranean Sea, which is particularly affected by this type of pollution. Overall, this review shows that fibre pollution is an underestimated threat to marine organisms and that a specific, harmonised protocol for the analysis of different anthropogenic fibres needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Concato
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Dario Giani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Santonicola S, Volgare M, Cocca M, Dorigato G, Giaccone V, Colavita G. Impact of Fibrous Microplastic Pollution on Commercial Seafood and Consumer Health: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1736. [PMID: 37889673 PMCID: PMC10252135 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The omnipresence of microfibers in marine environments has raised concerns about their availability to aquatic biota, including commercial fish species. Due to their tiny size and wide distribution, microfibers may be ingested by wild-captured pelagic or benthic fish and farmed species. Humans are exposed via seafood consumption. Despite the fact that research on the impact of microfibers on marine biota is increasing, knowledge on their role in food security and safety is limited. The present review aims to examine the current knowledge about microfiber contamination in commercially relevant fish species, their impact on the marine food chain, and their probable threat to consumer health. The available information suggests that among the marine biota, edible species are also contaminated, but there is an urgent need to standardize data collection methods to assess the extent of microfiber occurrence in seafood. In this context, natural microfibers should also be investigated. A multidisciplinary approach to the microfiber issue that recognizes the interrelationship and connection of environmental health with that of animals and humans should be used, leading to the application of strategies to reduce microfiber pollution through the control of the sources and the development of remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Santonicola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Michela Volgare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, P. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mariacristina Cocca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | | | - Valerio Giaccone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Giampaolo Colavita
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
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Impellitteri F, Multisanti CR, Rusanova P, Piccione G, Falco F, Faggio C. Exploring the Impact of Contaminants of Emerging Concern on Fish and Invertebrates Physiology in the Mediterranean Sea. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:767. [PMID: 37372052 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In this historical context, the Mediterranean Sea faces an increasing threat from emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, heavy metals, pesticides and microplastics, which pose a serious risk to the environment and human health. In this regard, aquatic invertebrates and fish are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of these pollutants, and several species have been identified as bio-indicators for their detection. Among these, bivalve molluscs and elasmobranchs are now widely used as bio-indicators to accurately assess the effects of contaminants. The study focuses on the catshark Scyliorhinus canicular and on the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The first one is a useful indicator of localised contamination levels due to its exposure to pollutants that accumulate on the seabed. Moreover, it has a high trophic position and plays an important role in the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem. The bivalve mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, on the other hand, being a filter-feeding organism, can acquire and bioaccumulate foreign particles present in its environment. Additionally, because it is also a species of commercial interest, it has a direct impact on human health. In conclusion, the increasing presence of emerging pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea is a serious issue that requires immediate attention. Bivalve molluscs and elasmobranchs are two examples of bio-indicators that must be used to precisely determine the effects of these pollutants on the marine ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Polina Rusanova
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA)-Marine Biology and Fisheries Laboratory of Fano (PU), University of Bologna, 61032 Bologna, Italy
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR, L. Vaccara, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Falco
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR, L. Vaccara, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Aytan Ü, Başak Esensoy F, Şentürk Y, Güven O, Karaoğlu K, Erbay M. Plastic occurrence in fish caught in the highly industrialized Gulf of İzmit (Eastern Sea of Marmara, Türkiye). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138317. [PMID: 36889476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of micro- (<5 mm) and mesoplastics (5-25 mm) in twelve fish species caught off Gulf of İzmit in the Sea of Marmara was investigated. Plastics were found in the gastrointestinal tracks of all the analysed species: Trachurus mediterraneus, Chelon auratus, Merlangius merlangus, Mullus barbatus, Symphodus cinereus, Gobius niger, Chelidonichthys lastoviza, Chelidonichthys lucerna, Trachinus draco, Scorpaena porcus, Scorpaena porcus, Pegusa lascaris, Platichthys flesus. From a total of 374 individuals examined plastics were found in 147 individuals (39%). The average plastic ingestion was 1.14 ± 1.03 MP. fish-1 (considering all the analysed fish) and 1.77 ± 0.95 MP. fish-1 (considering only the fish with plastic). Fibres were the primary plastic types found in GITs (74%), followed by films (18%) and fragments (7%), no foams and microbeads were found. A total of ten different colours of plastics were found with blue (62%) being the most common colour. Length of plastics ranged from 0.13 to 11.76 mm with an average of 1.82 ± 1.59 mm. A total of 95.5% of plastics were microplastics, and 4.5% as mesoplastics. The mean frequency of plastic occurrence was higher in pelagic fish species (42%), followed by demersal (38%) and bentho-pelagic species (10%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that 75% of polymers were synthetic with polyethylene terephthalate being the most common polymer. Our results indicated that carnivore species with a preference for fish and decapods were the highest impacted trophic group in the area. Fish species in the Gulf of İzmit are contaminated with plastics, representing a potential risk to ecosystem and human health. Further research is needed to understand the effects of plastic ingestion on biota and possible pathways. Results of this study also provide baseline data for the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 10 in the Sea of Marmara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülgen Aytan
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, 53100, Rize, Türkiye.
| | - F Başak Esensoy
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, 53100, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Yasemen Şentürk
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, 53100, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Olgaç Güven
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fisheries, 07070, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Kaan Karaoğlu
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences Department of Chemical and Chemical Processing Technologies, 53100, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Murat Erbay
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Central Fisheries Research Institute, Trabzon, Türkiye
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Zhang T, Sun Z, Chen Z, Tang J, Shao C, Sun Y, Feng Z. Distribution of microplastics in different tissues of major commercial catches in different functional areas of the South Yellow Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163597. [PMID: 37080308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic (MP) pollution in different tissues of six commercial catches, including (Miichthys miiuy, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Collichthys lucidus, Mugil cephalus, Portunus trituberculatus and Exopalaemon carinicauda) in Haizhou Bay (nori farming area), Yancheng offshore (wind power construction area) and the Nantong marine ranch area of the South Yellow Sea was investigated. MPs are ubiquitous in commercial catches; the average abundance of MPs is 5.19 ± 3.64 items/individual. There are significant differences in the level of MP pollution in commercial catches among functional sea areas. The level of MP pollution in commercial catches in Haizhou Bay and Yancheng offshore is higher than that in the Nantong marine ranch areas. This difference may be related to intense anthropogenic activities such as engineering construction and mariculture. In addition to the presence in digestive tract, MPs in the skin and gills of fish and in the gills of shrimp and crabs cannot be ignored. The main shape, color and material of MPs are fiber, black-gray and celluloid (CP), respectively. Since commercial catches are consumed by humans, the potential risks of MPs in these catches to human health and marine ecology are of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhongwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Ziluo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jiawei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Keerthika K, Padmavathy P, Rani V, Jeyashakila R, Aanand S, Kutty R, Tamilselvan R, Subash P. Microplastics accumulation in pelagic and benthic species along the Thoothukudi coast, South Tamil Nadu, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114735. [PMID: 36842282 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics contamination poses a serious threat to marine biota, so the current study was carried out to assess the incidence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of pelagic and benthic species collected from the six sampling sites along Thoothukudi region from January 2021 to December 2021. In the present study, benthic species (0.67 ± 0.14 MPs/indiv) showed a higher abundance of microplastics than pelagic species (0.53 ± 0.11 MPs/indiv). The dominance of microplastic shapes, sizes, colours and polymers found were comparable among both pelagic and benthic species, this being fibre (27.56% and 48.33%), 0.5-1mm (39.78% and 42.94%), blue (50% and 40.85%), and PE (46.24% and 48.18%), respectively. The present study showed that microplastics are ubiquitous in both habitats, which raises serious concerns for public health. Hence, measures focusing on reducing local emissions and plastic waste disposal should be implemented to control microplastic pollution in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvan Keerthika
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pandurengan Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velu Rani
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Samraj Aanand
- Erode Bhavanisagar Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjeet Kutty
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rajarajan Tamilselvan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Subash
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Muns-Pujadas L, Dallarés S, Constenla M, Padrós F, Carreras-Colom E, Grelaud M, Carrassón M, Soler-Membrives A. Revealing the capability of the European hake to cope with micro-litter environmental exposure and its inferred potential health impact in the NW Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 186:105921. [PMID: 36827887 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence, abundance, concentration, size and composition of anthropogenic items (AIs) (synthetic and non-synthetic) ingested by Merluccius merluccius juvenile specimens and from near-bottom water samples from different localities off the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean), were characterized. The potential effect of AIs on fish condition was assessed through different health indicators. Virtually all AIs found in fish and near-bottom water samples were fibres. A mean of 0.85 fibres/m3 from the surrounding water was observed. Fish ingested a mean of 1.39 (SD = 1.39) items/individual. Cellulosic fibres were predominant (77.8% of samples), except for Barcelona. No differences in ingested AIs abundance and composition off Barcelona between 2007 and 2019 were found. Small AIs from the environment matched ingested AIs composition. Hakes did not ingest large fibres despite being present in the environment, probably due to their feeding behaviour. No adverse health effects or parasites aggregations were detected to be potentially related to AIs ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muns-Pujadas
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Dallarés
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Constenla
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Carreras-Colom
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michaël Grelaud
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Keerthika K, Padmavathy P, Rani V, Jeyashakila R, Aanand S, Kutty R, Arisekar U, Tamilselvan R, Subash P. Ingestion of microplastics in commercially important species along Thoothukudi coast, south east India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:511. [PMID: 36964882 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollute the marine environment and pose a greater risk to marine organisms. The microplastics were observed in the guts of the 12 species, which varied from 0.00 to 1.80 ± 1.19 particles /individual. Most of the microplastics were fibre shaped, 0.5-1 mm sized, blue-coloured, and polyethylene polymers. The abundance of the microplastics was higher for benthic species (0.66 ± 0.13 particles/ individual) than the pelagic species (0.53 ± 0.11 particles/individual), with no significant difference (p > 0.05). According to their feeding habits and trophic level, significantly the microplastics were abundant in the herbivores (1.23 ± 0.61 particles/individual) and quaternary consumers (0.76 ± 0.16 particles/individual), respectively. The present study suggests that microplastic ingestion in commercially important species was influenced by their feeding habits irrespective of their habitat and length and weight. In addition to this, biomagnification of the microplastics (Trophic Magnification Factor, TMF = 1.02) was also observed in the commercially important species with increasing trophic level. This further indicates that the trophic level can serve as the pathway for the transfer of microplastics from lower trophic level organisms to higher trophic level organisms. The present study concludes that the occurrence of biomagnification of microplastics and the pollutants absorbed by them might harm the commercially important species from the Thoothukudi region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvan Keerthika
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thalainayeru, India.
| | - Pandurengan Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velu Rani
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Robinson Jeyashakila
- Dean, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samraj Aanand
- Erode Bhavanisagar Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjeet Kutty
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajarajan Tamilselvan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Subash
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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46
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Deng Y, Wu J, Chen J, Kang K. Overview of microplastic pollution and its influence on the health of organisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:412-422. [PMID: 36942439 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2190715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has gradually become a major global concern, due to the widespread use of plastics. Microplastics enter the environment and are degradated, while also being ingested by organisms, affecting various physiological functions and adversely affecting the health of organisms. Microplastic pollution is currently a wide concern, but data on the impact on organisms is still not sufficient. Therefore, this review summarizes the research on microplastic pollution in marine, soil and fresh water, and its impact on organisms, focusing on the effects of microplastics on organisms' feeding behavior and oxidative stress responses, intestinal microbes and reproductive function, and the combined effects of microplastic pollutants on organisms. We also summarized the various possible ways of microplastics entering into the human body, and posing a potential threat to human health, which still needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Deng
- Coastal Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Coastal Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Coastal Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Kang
- Coastal Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
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Santonicola S, Volgare M, Di Pace E, Mercogliano R, Cocca M, Raimo G, Colavita G. Research and characterization of fibrous microplastics and natural microfibers in pelagic and benthic fish species of commercial interest. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:11032. [PMID: 37064521 PMCID: PMC10102967 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of synthetic microfibers, the most prevalent type of microplastics in marine environments, and natural fibers was assessed in Engraulis engrasicolus and Mullus barbatus, two commercially important fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. Microfibers were isolated from the fish gastrointestinal tract using a 10% potassium hydroxide solution. For the microfiber characterization, the evaluation of specific morphological features using a light microscope, coupled with the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of a subsample of isolated particles, was applied. The preliminary results showed the occurrence of microfibers in 53 and 60% of European anchovy and Red mullet, respectively. A mean of 6.9 microfibers/individual was detected in anchovies, while on average Red mullet samples contained 9.2 microfibers/individual. The most common colors of fibers in both species were black, blue, and transparent. Visual characterization of fibers allowed the classification of 40% of the items as synthetic microfibers. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the visual classification by fiber morphology. Microfibers were made of different typologies of polymers, represented by cellulose, cotton, and polyester. These findings confirm as the wide distribution of fibrous microplastics, and natural microfibers may impact both pelagic and deep-sea trophic webs. Despite the presence of microfibers in fish species poses a potential risk to human health, the literature is scarce regarding studies on the uptake by commercial marine fish mostly due to methodological issues. The visual characterization, corroborated by spectroscopic techniques, may be useful to differentiate synthetic and natural fibers, representing a fast and easy method to assess fibrous microplastic pollution in commercially important fish species.
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48
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Fatema K, Rahman T, Islam MJ, Sumon KA, Uddin MH, Hasan SJ, Kawsar SMA, Arakawa H, Haque MM, Rashid H. Microplastics pollution in the river Karnaphuli: a preliminary study on a tidal confluence river in the southeast coast of Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:38853-38868. [PMID: 36586026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh is a deltaic country in Asia, and its riverine systems ultimately drain into the Bay of Bengal. Plastic is a severe environmental issue for coastal-marine ecosystems due to the indiscriminate usage and discarding of plastic items in the upstream river that eventually find their route into the Bay of Bengal. Microplastics (MPs) are widespread pollutants in almost all environmental compartments, including aquatic environments. This study aimed to quantify and understand the distribution of microplastics in surface water and sediments of the river Karnaphuli, a tidal confluence river adjacent to the Chattogram seaport city of Bangladesh, a highly inhabited and industrial area on the southeast coast of the Bay of Bengal. A manta trawl net (300-µm mesh size) was used to collect surface water samples, while an Ekman dredge was used to collect sediment samples. The concentrations of microplastics in the surface water of the river Karnaphuli during late monsoon, winter, and early summer were recorded to be 120,111.11, 152,222.22, and 164,444.44 items/km2, respectively, while in sediments, those were recorded to be 103.83, 137.50, and 103.67 items/kg, respectively. A higher abundance of microplastics was observed in downstream surface water (228,888.88 items/km2) and sediments (164.17 items/kg). Smaller sizes (0.3 to 0.5 mm) of microplastics were predominant, fibers or threads were the frequent types, and black was the most common color in the river Karnaphuli. The Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that polyethylene terephthalate (surface water: 22%, sediments: 19%), polyamide (surface water: 15%, sediments: 13%), polyethylene (surface water: 12%, sediments: 18%), polystyrene (surface water: 13%, sediments: 11%), and alkyd resin (surface water: 13%, sediments: 10%) were the most prevalent polymers in the river Karnaphuli. Moreover, there was a moderate positive correlation between MPs abundance in surface water and sediments. Therefore, improved long-term research (in different seasons with horizontal and vertical monitoring) is necessary in order to accurately determine the flux of microplastics from the river Karnaphuli to the Bay of Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Fisheries Management, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Turabur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Marine Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jakiul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Kizar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Helal Uddin
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shanur Jahedul Hasan
- Marine Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - S M Abe Kawsar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Hisayuki Arakawa
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Harunur Rashid
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Recabarren-Villalón T, Ronda AC, La Sala L, Sanhueza C, Díaz L, Rodríguez Pirani LS, Picone AL, Romano RM, Petracci P, Arias AH. First assessment of debris pollution in the gastrointestinal content of juvenile Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) stranded on the west south Atlantic coasts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114628. [PMID: 36701975 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides the first evidence of debris pollution, including plastic, in juvenile Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) found stranded on the Atlantic coast of southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Macro-, meso- and microparticles of anthropogenic origin were observed in 100 % of the studied birds, with debris abundance ranging between 33 and 200 items/bird. Microparticles represented 91 % of the total debris and 97 % of them were fibers. Black particles were the most abundant (30 %), followed by transparent (26 %), blue (14 %), yellow (10.3 %), and red (10 %). Infrared and Raman spectroscopy identified 62.7 % of the total particles as plastics, with polypropylene (27.8 %) and polyester (21.6 %) being the most abundant polymers. Semi-synthetic cellulosic fibers, metallic particles, and pigments were also found. The presence of metallic microparticles was suggested for the first time in penguins. Stranded juvenile Magellanic penguins are proposed as promising bioindicators of plastic pollution in the South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Recabarren-Villalón
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana C Ronda
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Luciano La Sala
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, CONICET/UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cristina Sanhueza
- Grupo de Estudio en Conservación y Manejo (Gekko), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación y Rehabilitación de Tortugas Marinas (Quelona), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lucas S Rodríguez Pirani
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - A Lorena Picone
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Rosana M Romano
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo Petracci
- Grupo de Estudio en Conservación y Manejo (Gekko), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Estación de Rescate de Fauna Marina Guillermo "Indio" Fidalgo, Sitio 11, Puerto Galván Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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50
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Sánchez-Guerrero-Hernández MJ, González-Fernández D, Sendra M, Ramos F, Yeste MP, González-Ortegón E. Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160451. [PMID: 36442631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fragments of microplastics (<5 mm) found in commercial species of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves, are an issue of global concern. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in different levels of the food web may provoke unwanted impacts on marine ecosystems and cause pernicious effects on human health. Here, we study the presence of anthropogenic particles and the fraction of microplastics in the target organs of two representative commercial fish species in Spain; the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and the European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus). The individuals were sampled along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, from the Bay of Cádiz to Cape Santa Maria. The isolation of the microplastics (MPs) was carried out with a complete alkaline-oxidant organic digestion (KOH-H2O2) of the digestive tract, including both the contents ingested and the muscle tissues. Anthropogenic particles were found in all individuals of both species with an average of 8.94 ± 5.11 items·ind-1. Fibres made up 93 % of the items while fragments and films were represented by the remaining 7 %. The average size of the anthropogenic particles was 0.89 ± 0.82 mm. In addition to the fragment and film particles identified as microplastics, 29 % of the fibres were estimated to be microplastics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The main polymer found in both species was nylon. No significant correlation was found between the abundance and size of anthropogenic particles ingested and individual size or other body variables. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and the distanced-based multiple linear regression model showed a high homogeneity in anthropogenic particle contamination in both species throughout the study area along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel González-Fernández
- Department of Biology, University Marine Research Institute INMAR, University of Cádiz and European University of the Seas, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Marta Sendra
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C.O. de Cádiz (IEO-CSIC), 11006 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Pilar Yeste
- Department of Material Science, Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Enrique González-Ortegón
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, Spain.
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