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Rao H, Tian H, Wang X, Huo C, Zhu L, Li Z, Li Y. Diversification of Toll-like receptor 1 in swamp eel (Monopterus albus). Dev Comp Immunol 2024:105190. [PMID: 38697378 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays critical roles in triggering immune activation via detecting bacterial lipoproteins and lipopeptides. In this study, the genetic characteristic of TLR1 was studied for an important aquaculture fish, swamp eel Monopterus albus. The eel has been seriously threatened by infectious diseases. However, a low level of genetic heterogeneity in the fish that has resulted from a demographic bottleneck presents further challenges in breeding for disease resistance. A comparison with the homologue of closely related species M. javanensis revealed that amino acid replacement (nonsynonymous) but not silent (synonymous) differences have accumulated nonrandomly over the coding sequences of the receptors at the early stage of their phylogenetic split. The combined results from comparative analyses of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous polymorphisms showed that the receptor has undergone significant diversification in M. albus driven by adaptive selection likely after the genetic bottleneck. Some of the changes reported here have taken place in the structures mediating heterodimerization with co-receptor TLR2, ligand recognition, and/or formation of active signaling complex with adaptor, which highlighted key structural elements and strategies of TLR1 in arms race against exogenous challenges. The findings of this study will add to the knowledge base of genetic engineering and breeding for disease resistance in the eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Rao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Tian
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifei Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China;.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China;.
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2
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Auclert LZ, Chhanda MS, Derome N. Interwoven processes in fish development: microbial community succession and immune maturation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17051. [PMID: 38560465 PMCID: PMC10981415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fishes are hosts for many microorganisms that provide them with beneficial effects on growth, immune system development, nutrition and protection against pathogens. In order to avoid spreading of infectious diseases in aquaculture, prevention includes vaccinations and routine disinfection of eggs and equipment, while curative treatments consist in the administration of antibiotics. Vaccination processes can stress the fish and require substantial farmer's investment. Additionally, disinfection and antibiotics are not specific, and while they may be effective in the short term, they have major drawbacks in the long term. Indeed, they eliminate beneficial bacteria which are useful for the host and promote the raising of antibiotic resistance in beneficial, commensal but also in pathogenic bacterial strains. Numerous publications highlight the importance that plays the diversified microbial community colonizing fish (i.e., microbiota) in the development, health and ultimately survival of their host. This review targets the current knowledge on the bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the fish immune system during fish development. It explores the extent of this mutualistic relationship: on one hand, the effect that microbes exert on the immune system ontogeny of fishes, and on the other hand, the impact of critical steps in immune system development on the microbial recruitment and succession throughout their life. We will first describe the immune system and its ontogeny and gene expression steps in the immune system development of fishes. Secondly, the plurality of the microbiotas (depending on host organism, organ, and development stage) will be reviewed. Then, a description of the constant interactions between microbiota and immune system throughout the fish's life stages will be discussed. Healthy microbiotas allow immune system maturation and modulation of inflammation, both of which contribute to immune homeostasis. Thus, immune equilibrium is closely linked to microbiota stability and to the stages of microbial community succession during the host development. We will provide examples from several fish species and describe more extensively the mechanisms occurring in zebrafish model because immune system ontogeny is much more finely described for this species, thanks to the many existing zebrafish mutants which allow more precise investigations. We will conclude on how the conceptual framework associated to the research on the immune system will benefit from considering the relations between microbiota and immune system maturation. More precisely, the development of active tolerance of the microbiota from the earliest stages of life enables the sustainable establishment of a complex healthy microbial community in the adult host. Establishing a balanced host-microbiota interaction avoids triggering deleterious inflammation, and maintains immunological and microbiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zoé Auclert
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mousumi Sarker Chhanda
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Basherhat, Bangladesh
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Mahapatra S, Ganguly B, Pani S, Saha A, Samanta M. A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126541. [PMID: 37648127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mahapatra
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Saswati Pani
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
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Duan Q, Luo Q, Tang Q, Deng L, Zhang R, Li Y. Comprehensive transcripts analysis based on single-molecule real-time sequencing and Illumina sequencing provides insights into the mining of Toll-like receptor family in Schizothorax lissolabiatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 140:108963. [PMID: 37481099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Schizothorax lissolabiatus is an economically important cold-water fish species in southwestern China. Because of water pollution and habitat destruction, the number of wild populations has dramatically decreased. In this study, we used PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina sequencing to generate the first full-length transcriptome and transcriptome, respectively. A total of 19 310 polished consensus reads (PC) were obtained, with an average length of 1379 bp and an N50 length of 1485 bp. Meanwhile, 12 253 transcripts were successfully annotated as known homologous genes. The pathway annotation indicated that the enrichment and expression of most genes were mainly related to membrane, signal transduction and binding, and immune response. Furthermore, we identified 16 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by mining the data from the transcripts. Phylogeny analysis showed that S. lissolabiatus TLR genes (slTLRs) supported the classification of TLRs into six families as in other vertebrates. Selection pressure analyses showed that 16 slTLRs revealed purification selection at the overall evolutionary selection. Further, positive selection signals were still detected in eight slTLRs, and most of the positive selection sites were located in the leucine-rich repeat region (LRR domain) associated with the recognition of pathogenic microorganisms, indicating that the function of these slTLR genes may be affected. Tissue specific expression analysis showed all slTLRs are present in kidney, spleen and liver but the relative expression varied among tissues. In conclusion, this study not only provided a valuable resource of transcripts for further research on S. lissolabiatus, but also contributed to improve the current understanding of the evolutionary history of immune-related genes and the TLR gene family in S. lissolabiatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qi Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qian Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Renyi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China.
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Stosik M, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 138:108814. [PMID: 37211331 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Stosik
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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Viana F, Boucontet L, Laghi V, Schator D, Ibranosyan M, Jarraud S, Colucci-Guyon E, Buchrieser C. Hiding in the yolk: A unique feature of Legionella pneumophila infection of zebrafish. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011375. [PMID: 37155695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a powerful model organism to study host-pathogen interactions. Here, we developed a zebrafish model to dissect the innate immune response to Legionella pneumophila during infection. We show that L. pneumophila cause zebrafish larvae death in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, we show that macrophages are the first line of defence and cooperate with neutrophils to clear the infection. Immunocompromised humans have an increased propensity to develop pneumonia, when either macrophages or neutrophils are depleted, these "immunocompromised" larvae become lethally sensitive to L. pneumophila. Also, as observed in human infections, the adaptor signalling molecule Myd88 is not required to control disease in the larvae. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine genes il1β and tnf-α were upregulated during infection, recapitulating key immune responses seen in human infection. Strikingly, we uncovered a previously undescribed infection phenotype in zebrafish larvae, whereby bloodborne, wild type L. pneumophila invade and grow in the larval yolk region, a phenotype not observed with a type IV secretion system deficient mutant that cannot translocate effectors into its host cell. Thus, zebrafish larva represents an innovative L. pneumophila infection model that mimics important aspects of the human immune response to L. pneumophila infection and will allow the elucidation of mechanisms by which type IV secretion effectors allow L. pneumophila to cross host cell membranes and obtain nutrients from nutrient rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Viana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 6047, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Boucontet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité and CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Valerio Laghi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité and CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Schator
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 6047, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Marine Ibranosyan
- National Reference Centre of Legionella, Institute of Infectious Agents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- National Reference Centre of Legionella, Institute of Infectious Agents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5308, Inserm U1111, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emma Colucci-Guyon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité and CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 6047, Paris, France
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7
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Huo C, Tian H, Rao H, Zeng B, Li D, Li Z, Li Y. Genetic diversity of Toll-like receptor 9 in swamp eels (Monopterus albus). J Fish Biol 2023; 102:1149-1156. [PMID: 36879356 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The swamp eel, Monopterus albus, is an important aquaculture species in Asia (mainly China) whose production has seriously suffered from infectious diseases. In spite of the critical requirement for aquaculture practices, to date there is scant information on its immune defence. Here, the genetic characteristics of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which plays crucial roles in the initiation of host defence against microbial invasion, were analysed. It exhibits a striking lack of genetic variation resulting from a recent demographic bottleneck. A comparison with the homologue of M. javanensis revealed that replacement but not silent differences have nonrandomly accumulated in the coding sequences at the early stage following their split from a common ancestor. Furthermore, the replacements relevant to the type II functional divergence have mainly occurred in structural motifs mediating ligand recognition and receptor homodimerization. These results provide hints to understand the diversity-based strategy of TLR9 in the arms race against pathogens. Furthermore, the findings reported here give credence to the importance of basic immunology knowledge, especially for the key elements, in genetic engineering and breeding for disease resistance in the eel and other fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifei Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Tian
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Rao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Debing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Tyrkalska SD, Martínez-López A, Pedoto A, Candel S, Cayuela ML, Mulero V. The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 signals via Tlr2 in zebrafish. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 140:104626. [PMID: 36587712 PMCID: PMC9800328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the most studied defense mechanisms against invading pathogens, including viruses, are Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Among them, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 detect different forms of viral nucleic acids in endosomal compartments, whereas TLR2 and TLR4 recognize viral structural and nonstructural proteins outside the cell. Although many different TLRs have been shown to be involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and detection of different structural proteins, most studies have been performed in vitro and the results obtained are rather contradictory. In this study, we report using the unique advantages of the zebrafish model for in vivo imaging and gene editing that the S1 domain of the Spike protein from the Wuhan strain (S1WT) induced hyperinflammation in zebrafish larvae via a Tlr2/Myd88 signaling pathway and independently of interleukin-1β production. In addition, S1WT also triggered emergency myelopoiesis, but in this case through a Tlr2/Myd88-independent signaling pathway. These results shed light on the mechanisms involved in the fish host responses to viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia D Tyrkalska
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alicia Martínez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annamaria Pedoto
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Candel
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cayuela
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Ouyang G, Yuan L, Xia XQ, Zhang W, Shi M. Transcriptomes of Zebrafish in Early Stages of Multiple Viral Invasions Reveal the Role of Sterols in Innate Immune Switch-On. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36901854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that in the early stages of virus infection, fish pattern recognition receptors are the first to identify viruses and initiate innate immune responses, this process has never been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we infected larval zebrafish with four different viruses and analyzed whole-fish expression profiles from five groups of fish, including controls, at 10 h after infection. At this early stage of virus infection, 60.28% of the differentially expressed genes displayed the same expression pattern across all viruses, with the majority of immune-related genes downregulated and genes associated with protein synthesis and sterol synthesis upregulated. Furthermore, these protein synthesis- and sterol synthesis-related genes were strongly positively correlated in the expression pattern of the rare key upregulated immune genes, IRF3 and IRF7, which were not positively correlated with any known pattern recognition receptor gene. We hypothesize that viral infection triggered a large amount of protein synthesis that stressed the endoplasmic reticulum and the organism responded to this stress by suppressing the body's immune system while also mediating an increase in steroids. The increase in sterols then participates the activation of IRF3 and IRF7 and triggers the fish's innate immunological response to the virus infection.
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Liu Y, Yang M, Tang X, Xu D, Chi C, Lv Z, Liu H. Characterization of a novel Toll-like receptor 13 homologue from a marine fish Nibea albiflora, revealing its immunologic function as PRRs. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 139:104563. [PMID: 36209842 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Congenital immunity mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is the first line of defense for disease-resistant immunity of fish and plays a vital role as a bridge between innate immunity and acquired immunity. As a less known member of the TLR family TLR13 can participate in the immune and inflammatory reactions of the body for recognizing the conserved sequence of 23S rRNA in bacteria and induce immune response. In this study, the full-length cDNA of TLR13 from Nibea albiflora (named as NaTLR13) was cloned and was functionally characterized. It was 4210bp (GenBank accession no. MT701899) including an open reading frame (ORF) of 2886bp to encode 962 amino acids with molecular weight of 110.37 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point of 9.08. There were several conservative structures in NaTLR13 such as 15 leucine-rich repeat sequences (LRRs), a Toll-IL-1 receptor domain (TIR), an LRR-CT terminal domain, two LRR-TYP structures and two transmembrane domains. The multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis manifested that NaTLR13 had high similarity with Larimichthys crocea and Collichthys lucidus (88.79% and 87.02%, respectively) and they fell into the same branch. The Real-time PCR showed that NaTLR13 was expressed in all selected tissues, with the highest in the spleen, followed by the liver, kidney, gill, heart and muscle. After being challenged by Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Poly (I:C), the expression of NaTLR13 increased firstly, then decreased and finally stabilized with time for its immune defense function. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that NaTLR13 was unevenly distributed in the cytoplasm with green fluorescence and MyD88 was evenly spread in the cytoplasm with red signals. When NaTLR13 and MyD88 were co-transfected, they obviously overlapped and displayed orange-yellow color, which showed that the homologous TLR13 might interact with MyD88 for NFκB signaling pathway transmission. The functional domains of NaTLR13 (named NaTLR13-TIR and NaTLR13-LRR) were expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by Ni-NAT Superflow Resin conforming to the expected molecular weights, and the recombinant proteins could bind to three Vibrios (V.alginolyticus, V.parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi), indicating that NaTLR13 could be bounden to bacteria through its functional domain. These results suggested that NaTLR13 might play an important role in the defense of N.albiflora against bacteria or viral infection and the data would provide some information for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of the innate immune system in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Meijun Yang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Xiuqin Tang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100, China
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenming Lv
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
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Zhang JX, Li Y, Tang JC, Li KQ, Shen JJ, Liu C, Jiang YH, Zhang ZP, Wang YL, Zou PF. SARM suppresses TRIF, TRAF3, and IRF3/7 mediated antiviral signaling in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1021443. [PMID: 36713393 PMCID: PMC9880191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a TIR domain-containing molecular, sterile α-and armadillo motif-containing protein (SARM) acts as an adaptor in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and also plays important roles in mediating apoptosis and neuronal injury. In the present study, the ortholog of SARM, named as Lc-SARM, was cloned and identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The full-length ORF of Lc-SARM consists of 2,154 bp, encoding a protein of 717 amino acids (aa), which is comprised of an N-terminal ARM domain, two SAM domains, and a C-terminal TIR domain. Confocal microscopy revealed that Lc-SARM was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, and the mRNA expression level of Lc-SARM was broadly distributed in all the detected organs/tissues, with the highest expression level found in the brain. The expression patterns of Lc-SARM could be induced in response to poly I:C, LPS, PGN stimulations, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection. Notably, although the overexpression of Lc-SARM could significantly induce NF-κB, IRF3, IRF7, and type I IFN promoter activation, whereas the co-expression of Lc-SARM with Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, Lc-IRF3, or Lc-IRF7 significantly down-regulated the induction of NF-κB, IRF3, IRF7, or type I IFN promoter activation, and suppressed the antiviral effects as well as the downstream antiviral-related genes expression compared to the only overexpression of Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, Lc-IRF3, or Lc-IRF7. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays also demonstrated that Lc-SARM interacts separately with Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, Lc-IRF3, and Lc-IRF7. It is thus collectively suggested that Lc-SARM functions as a negative regulator in Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, and Lc-IRF3/7 involved antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Ying Li, ; Yi Lei Wang, ; Peng Fei Zou,
| | - Jun Chun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Qing Li
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juan Juan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Hua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zi Ping Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Ying Li, ; Yi Lei Wang, ; Peng Fei Zou,
| | - Peng Fei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Ying Li, ; Yi Lei Wang, ; Peng Fei Zou,
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Bhat RAH, Tandel RS, Dash P, Nazir MI, Yousuf DJ, Bhat IA, Ganie PA, Gargotra P, Siva C. Computational analysis and functional characterisation of Tor putitora toll-like receptor 4 with the elucidation of its binding sites for microbial mimicking ligands. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 130:538-549. [PMID: 36152800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, full-length Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cDNA was cloned and characterised in Tor putitora, an important fish inhibiting Himalayan rivers. The complete coding sequence of TpTLR4 is 2457 bp with nine key structural domains, including six leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The phylogenetic tree revealed that TpTLR4 showed the closest relationship with TLR4 of Cyprinus carpio (96%), Labeo rohita (91%) and Megalobrama amblycephala (88%), all belonging to the Cyprinidae family. CELLO2GO tool revealed that TpTLR4 protein is highly localised in the plasma (67.7%), and the protein has a strong association with myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) followed by Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family. In the toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of TpTLR4, the proline is replaced by the alanine amino acid, thus may give plasticity to the receptor to recognise both bacterial and viral ligands. Molecular docking has revealed that TpTLR4 showed the strongest affinity towards poly (I:C) with the binding energy of -6.1 kcal/mol and five hydrogen bonds among all ligands. Based on our molecular docking results, it can be presumed that TpTLR4 can sense bacterial, fungal and viral molecular patterns with binding sites mainly present in the TpTLR4 LRR9 motif, which spans between 515 and 602 amino acids. Tor putiora TLR4 transcript was ubiquitously expressed in all the tested fish tissues. Although, transcript level was found to be highest in blood and spleen followed by the kidney. The TpTLR4 transcripts showed peak expression in spleen and kidney at 12 h post-injection (hpi) (p < 0.05) of poly (I:C). The constitutive expression of TpTLR4 in various tissues, up-regulation in different tissues and strong binding affinities with poly (I:C) indicate that TpTLR4 may play an essential role in sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), particularly of viral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pragyan Dash
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mir Ishfaq Nazir
- DIVA, TNJFU-Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Muttukadu, 603112, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dar Jaffer Yousuf
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Háskóli Íslands/University of Iceland Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad Ganie
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Gargotra
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - C Siva
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Nazario LR, de Sousa JS, de Moraes Silveira FS, Costa KM, de Oliveira GMT, Bogo MR, da Silva RS. Participation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in the inflammatory response in an adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109402. [PMID: 35779837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ecto-5'-nucleotidase is an important source of adenosine in the extracellular medium. Adenosine modulation appears early in evolution and performs several biological functions, including a role as an anti-inflammatory molecule. Here, we evaluate the activity and mRNA expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using zebrafish as a model. Adult zebrafish were injected with LPS (10 μg/g). White blood cell differential counts, inflammatory markers, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity and expression in the encephalon, kidney, heart, and intestine were evaluated at 2, 12, and 24 h post-injection (hpi). At 2 hpi of LPS, an increase in neutrophils and monocytes in peripheral blood was observed, which was accompanied by increased tnf-α expression in the heart, kidney, and encephalon, and increased cox-2 expression in the intestine and kidney. At 12 hpi, monocytes remained elevated in the peripheral blood, while tnf-α expression was also increased in the intestine. At 24 hpi, the white blood cell differential count no longer differed from that of the control, whereas tnf-α expression remained elevated in the encephalon but reduced in the kidney compared with the controls. AMP hydrolysis in LPS-treated animals was increased in the heart at 24 hpi [72 %; p = 0.029] without affecting ecto-5'-nucleotidase gene expression. These data indicate that, in most tissues studied, inflammation does not affect ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity, whereas in the heart, a delayed increase in ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity could be related to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Reali Nazario
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Streb de Sousa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielle Schroeder de Moraes Silveira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kesiane Mayra Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Vida, PUCRS, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e Vida, PUCRS, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Savoca S, Fumia A, Mangano A, Albano M, Messina E, Aragona M, Lo Cascio P, Capillo G, Lauriano ER. Detecting Intestinal Goblet Cells of the Broadgilled Hagfish Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster, 1801): A Confocal Microscopy Evaluation. Biology 2022; 11:biology11091366. [PMID: 36138844 PMCID: PMC9496011 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The intestinal epithelium of fish, similar to mammals, consists mainly of enterocytes and goblet cells. Goblet cells play a key role in the secretion of mucus, which, in addition to promoting the digestion of nutrients, is the first protective barrier against bacteria, viruses, and pathogens. Our study aims to evaluate the presence, localization, and co-localization of 5-HT, TLR2, iNOS, and Piscidin1 in goblet cells of the intestine of Eptatretus cirrhatus. The results obtained by confocal microscopy show, for the first time, the positivity of goblet cells to the antibodies tested, suggesting the involvement of these cells in the intestinal immunity of broadgilled hagfish. Abstract The fish intestine operates as a complicated interface between the organism and the environment, providing biological and mechanical protections as a result of a viscous layer of mucus released by goblet cells, which serves as a barrier against bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, and contributes to the functions of the immune system. Therefore, goblet cells have a role in preserving the health of the body by secreting mucus and acting as sentinels. The ancient jawless fish broadgilled hagfish (Eptatretus cirrhatus, Forster, 1801) has a very basic digestive system because it lacks a stomach. By examining the presence, localization, and co-localization of 5-HT, TLR2, iNOS, and Piscidin1, this study intends to provide insight into the potential immune system contributions arranged by the gut goblet cells of broadgilled hagfish. Our results characterize intestinal goblet cells of broadgilled hagfish, for the first time, with the former antibodies, suggesting the hypothesis of conservation of the roles played by these cells also in primitive vertebrates. Moreover, this study deepens the knowledge about the still little-known immune system of hagfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena Savoca
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM, CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelica Mangano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Messina
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM, CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Trung NB, Nguyen TP, Hsueh HY, Loh JY, Wangkahart E, Wong ASF, Lee PT. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 is a negative regulator in the anti-bacterial immune responses in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Front Immunol 2022; 13:940877. [PMID: 35928810 PMCID: PMC9344004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important food fish in the world. However, the farming industry has encountered significant challenges, such as pathogen infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the initiation of the innate immune system against pathogens. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) is one of the most evolutionarily conserved TLR adaptors, and its orthologs are present in various species from worms to humans. SARM1 plays an important role in negatively regulating TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins inducing IFNβ (TRIF)-dependent TLR signaling in mammals, but its immune function remains poorly understood in fish. In this study, O. niloticus SARM1 (OnSARM1) was cloned and its evolutionary status was verified using bioinformatic analyses. mRNA expression of OnSARM1 was found at a higher level in the trunk kidney and muscle in healthy fish. The examination of its subcellular location showed that the OnSARM1 was detected only in the cytoplasm of THK cells, and colocalized with OnMyD88, OnTRIF and OnTRIF in small speckle-like condensed granules. The transcript levels of OnMyD88, OnTIRAP, OnTRIF, and downstream effectors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12b and type I interferon (IFN)d2.13, were regulated conversely to the expression of OnSARM1 in the head kidney from Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae infected fish. Moreover, the treatment of THK cells with lysates from A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae enhanced the activity of the NF-κB promoter, but the effects were inhibited in the OnSARM1 overexpressed THK cells. Overexpression of OnSARM1 alone did not activate the NF-κB-luciferase reporter, but it suppressed OnMyD88- and OnTIRAP-mediated NF-κB promoter activity. Additionally, OnSARM1 inhibited the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and hepcidin in A. hydrophila lysate stimulated THK cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that OnSARM1 serves as a negative regulator by inhibiting NF-κB activity, thereby influencing the transcript level of proinflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides in the antibacterial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Bao Trung
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tan-Phat Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yun Hsueh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Centre of Research for Advanced Aquaculture (CORAA), UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Alice Sui Fung Wong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Po-Tsang Lee,
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16
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Alesci A, Capillo G, Fumia A, Messina E, Albano M, Aragona M, Lo Cascio P, Spanò N, Pergolizzi S, Lauriano ER. Confocal Characterization of Intestinal Dendritic Cells from Myxines to Teleosts. Biology 2022; 11:biology11071045. [PMID: 36101424 PMCID: PMC9312193 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that regulate the beginning of adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms of tolerance to antigens moving through the digestive tract are known to be regulated by intestinal DCs. Agnatha and Gnathostoma are descendants of a common ancestor. The Ostracoderms gave rise to Cyclostomes, whereas the Placoderms gave rise to Chondrichthyes. Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii are two evolutionary lines of bony fishes. Brachiopterygii and Neopterygii descend from the Actinopterygii. From Neopterygii, Holostei and Teleostei evolved. Using immunohistochemistry with TLR-2, Langerin/CD207, and MHC II, this study aimed to characterize intestinal DCs, from myxines to teleosts. The findings reveal that DCs are positive for the antibodies tested, highlighting the presence of DCs and DC-like cells phylogenetically from myxines, for the first time, to teleosts. These findings may aid in improving the level of knowledge about the immune system’s evolution and these sentinel cells, which are crucial to the body’s defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.M.); (M.A.); (P.L.C.); (S.P.); (E.R.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM, CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Emmanuele Messina
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.M.); (M.A.); (P.L.C.); (S.P.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.M.); (M.A.); (P.L.C.); (S.P.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.M.); (M.A.); (P.L.C.); (S.P.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM, CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.M.); (M.A.); (P.L.C.); (S.P.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.M.); (M.A.); (P.L.C.); (S.P.); (E.R.L.)
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Nguyen TP, Nguyen BT, Nan FH, Lee MC, Lee PT. TLR23, a fish-specific TLR, recruits MyD88 and TRIF to activate expression of a range of effectors in melanomacrophages in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 126:34-46. [PMID: 35598740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important food fish species that is mainly cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. However, microbial diseases have created various difficulties for this industry. The fundamental prerequisite for tackling disease outbreak prevention and disease resistance is to know how hosts' immune responses against invading microbes are initiated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital pattern recognition receptors and play pivotal roles in the cellular innate immunity defense that is able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In this study, Oreochromis niloticus TLR23 (OnTLR23) was cloned and bioinformatic analyses revealed that OnTLR23 is not an ortholog of mammalian TLR13 as previously suggested. The basal transcript level of OnTLR23 was found to be higher in the immune-related organs and was upregulated in the spleen and/or head kidney following Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae or poly I:C injections, and increased in the melanomacrophage-like tilapia head kidney (THK) cell line after LPS and zymosan stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that OnTLR23 locates mainly in the intracellular region in fish cells and the constitutively active form of OnTLR23 promotes the expression of molecules related to antigen presentation, proinflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and type I interferon in THK cells. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that OnTLR23 can interact with both OnMyD88 and OnTRIF, but not with OnTIRAP. A luciferase assay showed that the NF-κB activity was not elevated in the OnTLR23 overexpressed THK cells after treatment with ligand for TLR13 as well as other known purified bacterial-derived ligands of TLRs. Taken together, OnTLR23 is likely to recruit OnMyD88 and OnTRIF as adaptors to induce the expression of various effectors in melanomacrophages, but its corresponding ligand is an issue awaiting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Bao Trung Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Li P, Zhang J, Liu X, Gan L, Xie Y, Zhang H, Si J. The Function and the Affecting Factors of the Zebrafish Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903471. [PMID: 35722341 PMCID: PMC9201518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has become a topical issue in unraveling the research mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression. As an important and potential “organ,” gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolic function and immune response, angiogenesis and host growth. More recently, zebrafish models have been used to study the interactions between gut microbiota and hosts. It has several advantages, such as short reproductive cycle, low rearing cost, transparent larvae, high genomic similarity to humans, and easy construction of germ-free (GF) and transgenic zebrafish. In our review, we reviewed a large amount of data focusing on the close relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Moreover, we outlined the functions of gut microbiota in regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, metabolic function, and immune response. More, we summarized major factors that can influence the composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota, which will help us to understand the significance of gut microbiota in regulating host biological functions and provide options for maintaining the balance of host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
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19
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Shan Y, Zheng J, Gao H, Sun J. Expressions of Toll Like Receptor (TLR) Genes in Paralichthys olivaceus After Induced by Different Extracts of Edwardsiella tarda. J Ocean Univ China 2022; 21:1027-1036. [PMID: 35757191 PMCID: PMC9208244 DOI: 10.1007/s11802-022-4898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are the main innate immune 'pattern recognition receptors' of animals, which play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to invasive pathogens, particularly common structures of microbial pathogens. In this study, the gene expression profiles of TLRs in the spleen, head kidney, gill, small intestine, liver, muscle, and heart of healthy Paralichthys olivaceus were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The TLR family members were widely expressed in different tissues with different basic expression profiles. The highest expressions of TLR1, 5m, 7, 8, 9, 14, and 21 were found in the spleen; the highest expressions of TLR3 and TLR21 were found in the gill; the highest expressions of TLR2 and 5s were found in the small intestine. The second highest expressions of TLR3, 7, and 8 were found in small intestine. The gene expression profiles of TLRs stimulated with Edwardsiella tarda DNA, RNA, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were also detected in spleen, head kidney and gill. TLR9 and TLR21 were sensitive to E. tarda DNA; TLR 8 and TLR21 were sensitive to E. tarda RNA; and TLR1 and TLR14 were sensitive to E. tarda LPS. The expressions of the other TLR genes showed no significant changes. The results imply that the expressions of these TLR genes in P. olivaceus are differently regulated in the whole body and play important roles in the immune response against E. tarda infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Jinhui Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Hong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
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20
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Wang B, Liu X, Zhao J, Cao M, Yu Z, Fu Q, Tan F, Yang N, Li C. Characterization, evolution and expression analysis of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 125:9-16. [PMID: 35477098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize the conserved molecular structures of pathogens to active the innate immune responses, and subsequently induce the antigen-specific adaptive immune responses for the clearance of infected pathogen. Among the PRRs, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first and best characterized PRRs across all the species. Among the TLR members, TLR7 showed significant conservation across the vertebrates, with the lowest rate of evolution for its LRR domains from primates to fishes. In the current study, one TLR7 (SmTLR7) gene was captured in turbot, with a 3144 bp open reading frame (ORF), that encoding 1047 amino acid residues. Following multiple sequence comparison, SmTLR7 was found to have the highest similarity and identity both to Paralichthys olivaceus with 91.9% and 85.9%, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, SmTLR7 was firstly clustered with Japanese flounder, and then clustered with fugu, rainbow trout, and zebrafish. In addition, SmTLR7 was widely expressed in all the examined tissues with the highest expression level in spleen, followed by skin, while the lowest expression level was detected in blood. Following both Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum challenge, SmTLR7 was significantly down-regulated in gill and intestine, and up-regulated in skin. Moreover, SmTLR7 was significantly up-regulated in head kidney macrophages following LPS, LTA, PGN and polyI:C stimulation, as well as showed the strongest binding ability to LPS, followed by PGN, LTA, and polyI:C in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, following RNAi of SmTLR7, MyD88 and IL-1β were slightly up-regulated, while TRAF6 and IL-8 were significantly down-regulated. The characterization of TLR7 can expand our understanding of the PRRs in teleost fishes, and eventually aid the exploration of interactions between host and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhouxin Yu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fenghua Tan
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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21
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Qi P, Wu Y, Gu Z, Li H, Li J, Guo B, Liao Z, Yan X. A novel molluscan TLR molecule engaged in inflammatory response through MyD88 adapter recruitment. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 131:104373. [PMID: 35181373 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediated signaling plays a vital role in activating innate and adaptive immunity. Although TLR mediated signaling has been comprehensively investigated in mammalian species, the mechanisms underlying TLR signaling in molluscs remain obscure. In the present study, a novel TLR isoform namely McTLR-like1 was identified in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. McTLR-like1 was highly expressed in molluscan immune-related tissues, and its transcriptional levels in hemocytes were significantly increased when challenged by V. alginolyticus. McTLR-like1 activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and strengthened the transcription and phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit P65 in mammalian cells. Upon the silencing of McTLR-like1, the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated, and the animals exhibited higher levels of resistance when challenged with V. alginolyticus. McMyD88a mRNA expression was also downregulated alongside McTLR-like1. Furthermore, GST-pull down assays revealed a visible affinity between McTLR-like1 and McMyD88a. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the newly identified gene affiliated to the molluscan TLR family and plays a role in the TLR-mediated activation of inflammatory response via its affinity with MyD88. The present study enhances our knowledge of TLR signaling mechanisms in molluscs and provides new insights into the evolution of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Yashu Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zhongqi Gu
- Shengsi Institute of Marine Science and Technology in Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 202450, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jiji Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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22
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Su FJ, Periyasamy T, Chen MM. Comparative Transcriptomic Immune Responses of Mullet (Mugil cephalus) Infected by Planktonic and Biofilm Lactococcus Garvieae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887921. [PMID: 35677656 PMCID: PMC9168659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is an important pathogen of fish, associated with high rates of mortality and infection recurrence in summer or stressful conditions. Chronic infection and disease recurrence have also been reported to be associated with biofilms. However, the impact of biofilm and planktonic bacterial infection on fish immune responses remains unclear. In this study, de novo sequencing was used to compare differences of the spleen transcriptome in planktonic- and biofilm-infected mullets. Among the 181,024 unigenes obtained, 3,392 unigenes were associated with immune response genes. Comparative analysis of the gene expression between infection with the L. garvieae planktonic type and biofilm type identified a total of 3,120 and 3,489 differentially expressed genes in response to planktonic and biofilm infection, respectively, of which 1,366 and 1,458 genes were upregulated, and 1,754 and 1,458 genes were downregulated, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of immune genes identified genes involved in the complement system, toll-like receptor signaling, and antigen processing, which were further verified by qPCR. Additionally, genes encoding TLR2, IL-1β, TNF-α, C7, and MHC class II peptides were downregulated in response to biofilm infection. Importantly, the results show that biofilm infection induces a different immune pathway response compared with planktonic bacterial infection and, furthermore, illustrates that the prevention of biofilm formation may be a necessary and new strategy for controlling bacterial infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Su
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Meei-Mei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Meei-Mei Chen,
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23
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Lau MML, Lim LWK, Chung HH, Gan HM. The first draft genome assembly and data analysis of the Malaysian mahseer (Tor tambroides). Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Teng J, Zhao Y, Meng QL, Zhu SR, Chen HJ, Xue LY, Ji XS. Transcriptome analysis in the spleen of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) challenged with Nocardia seriolae. Genomics 2022; 114:110357. [PMID: 35378240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Northern snakehead (Channa argus) is an indigenous fish species and is one of popularly cultured snakeheads in China and other Asian countries. Unfortunately, Nocardia seriolae infections have caused considerable losses in the snakehead aquaculture industry. However, the infectivity and the immune response induced by N. seriolae in snakehead are unclear. In order to better understand the immune response of Northern snakehead in a series of time points after N. seriolae challenge, we conducted the transcriptomic comparison in snakehead spleen at 48, 96, and 144 h after the challenge of N. seriola against their control counterparts. Gene annotation and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were carried out to understand the functions of the DEGs. Additionally, protein-protein interaction networks were conducted to obtain the interaction relationships of immune-related DEGs. These results revealed the expression changes of multiple DEGs and signaling pathways involved in immunity during N. seriolae infection, which will facilitate our comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune response to bacterial infection in the northern snakehead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qing Lei Meng
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Ren Zhu
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Ju Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Liang Yi Xue
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Shan Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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25
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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Capillo G, Lo Cascio P, Lauriano ER. Rodlet cells in kidney of goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758): A light and confocal microscopy study. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151876. [PMID: 35303512 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rodlet cells (RCs) have always been an enigma for scientists. RCs have been given a variety of activities over the years, including ion transport, osmoregulation, and sensory function. These cells, presumably as members of the granulocyte line, are present only in teleosts and play a role in the innate immune response. RCs are migratory cells found in a variety of organs, including skin, vascular, digestive, uropoietic, reproductive, and respiratory systems, and present distinct physical properties that make them easily recognizable in tissues and organs. The development of RCs can be divided into four stages: granular, transitional, mature, and ruptured, having different morphological characteristics. Our study aims to characterize the different stages of these cells by histomorphological and histochemical techniques. Furthermore, we characterized these cells at all stages with peroxidase and fluorescence immunohistochemical techniques using different antibodies: S100, tubulin, α-SMA, piscidin, and for the first time TLR-2. From our results, the immunoreactivity of these cells to the antibodies performed may confirm that RCs play a role in fish defense mechanisms, helping to expand the state of the art on immunology and immune cells of teleosts.
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26
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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Fumia A, Calabrò C, Lo Cascio P, Lauriano ER. Mast cells in goldfish (
Carassius auratus
) gut: Immunohistochemical characterization. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Concetta Calabrò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
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27
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Gao FY, Zhou X, Lu MX, Wang M, Liu ZG, Cao JM, Ke XL, Yi MM, Qiu DG. TLR1 in Nile tilapia: The conserved receptor cannot interact with MyD88 and TIRAP but can activate NF-κB in vitro. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 127:104300. [PMID: 34673140 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the innate immune response of fish. In this study, we isolated the cDNA sequence of Nile tilapia TLR1 (OnTLR1). The deduced OnTLR1 protein contains a signal peptide, 7 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a C-terminal LRR (LRR-CT), a transmembrane region and a highly conserved TIR domain. In healthy Nile tilapia, the OnTLR1 transcript was broadly expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression levels in the spleen. After infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, the OnTLR1 transcripts were upregulated in the gill and kidney. After stimulation with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), the expression levels of OnTLR1 were significantly downregulated in the intestine, whereas OnTLR1 transcripts were significantly upregulated in the kidney. After challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression levels of OnTLR1 were significantly upregulated in the spleen and kidney. The subcellular localization showed that OnTLR1 was expressed in the cytoplasm. TLR1 significantly increased MyD88-dependent NF-κB activity. However, the results of a pull-down assay showed that OnTLR1 did not interact with MyD88 or TIRAP. Binding assays revealed the specificity of OnTLR1 for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria that included S. agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila and poly(I:C) and LPS. Taken together, these findings suggest that OnTLR1, as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), might play an important role in the immune response to pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Mai-Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Jian-Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province/Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, Fujian, 361013, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Deng-Gao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province/Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, Fujian, 361013, China.
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Chan JTH, Kadri S, Köllner B, Rebl A, Korytář T. RNA-Seq of Single Fish Cells – Seeking Out the Leukocytes Mediating Immunity in Teleost Fishes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:798712. [PMID: 35140719 PMCID: PMC8818700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.798712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a complex and sophisticated biological system, spanning multiple levels of complexity, from the molecular level to that of tissue. Our current understanding of its function and complexity, of the heterogeneity of leukocytes, is a result of decades of concentrated efforts to delineate cellular markers using conventional methods of antibody screening and antigen identification. In mammalian models, this led to in-depth understanding of individual leukocyte subsets, their phenotypes, and their roles in health and disease. The field was further propelled forward by the development of single-cell (sc) RNA-seq technologies, offering an even broader and more integrated view of how cells work together to generate a particular response. Consequently, the adoption of scRNA-seq revealed the unexpected plasticity and heterogeneity of leukocyte populations and shifted several long-standing paradigms of immunology. This review article highlights the unprecedented opportunities offered by scRNA-seq technology to unveil the individual contributions of leukocyte subsets and their crosstalk in generating the overall immune responses in bony fishes. Single-cell transcriptomics allow identifying unseen relationships, and formulating novel hypotheses tailored for teleost species, without the need to rely on the limited number of fish-specific antibodies and pre-selected markers. Several recent studies on single-cell transcriptomes of fish have already identified previously unnoticed expression signatures and provided astonishing insights into the diversity of teleost leukocytes and the evolution of vertebrate immunity. Without a doubt, scRNA-seq in tandem with bioinformatics tools and state-of-the-art methods, will facilitate studying the teleost immune system by not only defining key markers, but also teaching us about lymphoid tissue organization, development/differentiation, cell-cell interactions, antigen receptor repertoires, states of health and disease, all across time and space in fishes. These advances will invite more researchers to develop the tools necessary to explore the immunology of fishes, which remain non-conventional animal models from which we have much to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. H. Chan
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Safwen Kadri
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Köllner
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Rebl, ; Tomáš Korytář,
| | - Tomáš Korytář
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Alexander Rebl, ; Tomáš Korytář,
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Muduli C, Paria A, Srivastava R, Rathore G, Lal KK. Aeromonas hydrophila infection induces Toll-like receptor 2 ( tlr2) and associated downstream signaling in Indian catfish, Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822). PeerJ 2021; 9:e12411. [PMID: 34909268 PMCID: PMC8641487 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS), caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, is one of the most significant bacterial disease responsible for mortality in Indian catfish, Clarias magur, a potential aquaculture species in the Indian subcontinent. In fish, innate immunity elicited by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) plays an important role in providing protection against bacterial infection. Information on PRRs including Toll-like receptors (tlrs) and their response to bacterial pathogens remains unexplored in magur. Toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), a phylogenetically conserved germ-line encoded PRR recognizes specific microbial structure and trigger MyD88-dependent signaling pathway to induce release of various cytokines responsible for innate immune response. In the present study, tlr2 gene of magur was characterized and downstream signaling was studied following challenge with A. hydrophila. The full-length cDNA of magur tlr2 (mtlr2) comprised of 3,066 bp with a single open reading frame of 2,373 bp encoding 790 amino acids having a theoretical pI value of 6.11 and molecular weight of 90 kDa. Structurally, it comprised of signal peptide (1–42aa), one leucine-rich repeat region (LRR) at N-terminal (LRR1-NT: 50–73 aa) and C-terminal (LRR-CT: 588–608 aa), twenty LRRs in between, one trans-membrane (Tm) domain (609–631aa) followed by cytoplasmic TIR domain (670–783aa). Phylogenetically, mtlr2 is closely related to pangasius and channel catfish. Highest basal expression of mtlr2, myd88 and il-1β in spleen, nf-kb in anterior kidney was observed. Lowest basal expression of mtlr2 in skin and myd88, nf-kb and il-1β in muscle was detected. Significant up-regulation of mtlr2 and downstream expression occurred at 3, 8, 24 h post infection to A. hydrophila in important immune organs such as liver, spleen, intestine and kidney. These findings highlight the vital role of tlr2 in eliciting innate immune defence against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Muduli
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anutosh Paria
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Srivastava
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Rathore
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep K Lal
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gao F, Liu J, Lu M, Liu Z, Wang M, Ke X, Yi M, Cao J. Nile tilapia Toll-like receptor 7 subfamily: Intracellular TLRs that recruit MyD88 as an adaptor and activate the NF-κB pathway in the immune response. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 125:104173. [PMID: 34144119 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) subfamily members are important pattern recognition receptors that participate in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In the present study, three TLR family members, OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9, were identified in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. TLR7-, TLR8-and TLR9-deduced proteins have typical structural characteristics of TLRs, including Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and transmembrane region (TM). OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 were broadly expressed in all of the tissues tested, with the highest expression levels in the brain (TLR7) and spleen (TLR8 and TLR9). Moreover, the expression levels of OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 were significantly increased in most tested tissues after Streptococcus agalactiae infection in vivo. After LPS stimulation, OnTLR7 and OnTLR9 mRNA expression levels were downregulated in the intestine and upregulated in the liver, spleen and kidney; however, OnTLR8 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the kidney only after LPS stimulation for 5 d. After Poly I:C stimulation, OnTLR7 and OnTLR9 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the intestine, liver, spleen and kidney, and the highest expression was found in the liver, while OnTLR8 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the intestine, liver and kidney and downregulated in the spleen. Subcellular localization of OnTLR7, OnTLR8, and OnTLR9 in 293T cells showed that OnTLR9 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus while OnTLR8 and OnTLR7 were distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of OnTLR7, OnTLR8 and OnTLR9 in 293T cells had no significant effect on the activity of NF-κB, but they could significantly enhance MyD88-mediated NF-κB activity after cotransfection with MyD88. Pulldown assays showed that OnTLR7, OnTLR8, and OnTLR9 could interact with OnMyD88. Taken together, these results indicate that TLR7 subfamily genes play a role in the immune response to pathogen invasion of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Maixin Lu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Ke
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Yi
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Jianmeng Cao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
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Holen E, Austgulen MH, Espe M. RNA form baker's yeast cultured with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates gene transcription in an intestinal epithelial cell model, RTgutGC from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 119:397-408. [PMID: 34687880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate if the intestinal RTgutGC cell line could be suitable for research on dietary ingredients and their function as modulators of inflammation during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced stress. The RTgutGC cells cultured together with RNA from baker's yeast, reached confluency after 72 h. The cells were grown in either compete L-15 (CM) or nutrient deprived L-15 (DM). Then, the RTgutGC cells were exposed to LPS or RNA from baker's yeast, either alone, or in combination, in CM or DM. All cultures were harvested following LPS challenge for 48 h and 72 h. LPS induced transcription of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin -8 (IL-8), Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3), interferon regulating factor 3 (irf3), Nuclear factor ĸβ (NFĸβ), one of the multidrug transporters, ABCC2, and glutamine synthase 1 (GLS01) in RTgutGC cells at one or both sampling points (48 h and/or 72 h post LPS challenge). RNA from baker's yeast in culture alone, (cultured 120 h and 144 h with RTgutGC cells and harvested at the respective LPS sampling points) induced transcription of INF1, TNFα and ticam/trif, not induced by LPS. In addition, RNA from baker's yeast affected IL-1β, TLR3, irf3 and NFĸβ, comparable to the responses triggered by LPS. RNA from baker's yeast alone did not affect ABCC2 or GLS01 transcriptions in this set up. So, LPS and RNA from baker's yeast affects distinct but also common gene transcripts in this intestinal cell line. Culturing RTgutGC cells in DM, adding a combination of LPS and RNA from baker's yeast, reduced IL-1β transcription compared to cells grown in CM, 48 h and 72 h post LPS challenge. Also, in RTgutGC cells, grown in DM, the LPS induced transcription of ABCC2 declined, measured 48 h post LPS challenge. Possibly indicating that optimal transcription of IL-1β and ABBC2 in RTgutGC cells, cultured over time, requires access of adequate nutrients under stressful condition. RNA from baker's yeast induced INF1 transcription in the RTgutGC cells, regardless if the medium was complete or deprived of nutrients. However, culturing RTgutGC cells in DM enriched with RNA from baker's yeast for a longer period of time (120 h, 144 h), seemed beneficial for INF1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Holen
- Institute of Marine Research, Postbox 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Marit Espe
- Institute of Marine Research, Postbox 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
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Orús-Alcalde A, Lu TM, Børve A, Hejnol A. The evolution of the metazoan Toll receptor family and its expression during protostome development. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 34809567 PMCID: PMC8609888 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in immunity and development. They contain leucine-rich repeat domains, one transmembrane domain, and one Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. TLRs have been classified into V-type/scc and P-type/mcc TLRs, based on differences in the leucine-rich repeat domain region. Although TLRs are widespread in animals, detailed phylogenetic studies of this gene family are lacking. Here we aim to uncover TLR evolution by conducting a survey and a phylogenetic analysis in species across Bilateria. To discriminate between their role in development and immunity we furthermore analyzed stage-specific transcriptomes of the ecdysozoans Priapulus caudatus and Hypsibius exemplaris, and the spiralians Crassostrea gigas and Terebratalia transversa. RESULTS We detected a low number of TLRs in ecdysozoan species, and multiple independent radiations within the Spiralia. V-type/scc and P-type/mcc type-receptors are present in cnidarians, protostomes and deuterostomes, and therefore they emerged early in TLR evolution, followed by a loss in xenacoelomorphs. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that TLRs cluster into three major clades: clade α is present in cnidarians, ecdysozoans, and spiralians; clade β in deuterostomes, ecdysozoans, and spiralians; and clade γ is only found in spiralians. Our stage-specific transcriptome and in situ hybridization analyses show that TLRs are expressed during development in all species analyzed, which indicates a broad role of TLRs during animal development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a clade α TLR gene (TLR-Ca) and a clade β/γ TLR gene (TLR-Cβ/γ) were already present in the cnidarian-bilaterian common ancestor. However, although TLR-Ca was conserved in cnidarians, TLR-Cβ/γ was lost during the early evolution of these taxa. Moreover, TLR-Cβ/γ duplicated to generate TLR-Cβ and TLR-Cγ in the lineage to the last common protostome-deuterostome ancestor. TLR-Ca, TLR-Cβ and TLR-Cγ further expanded generating the three major TLR clades. While all three clades radiated in several spiralian lineages, specific TLRs clades have been presumably lost in other lineages. Furthermore, the expression of the majority of these genes during protostome ontogeny suggests a likely role in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orús-Alcalde
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tsai-Ming Lu
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Aina Børve
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Liu H, Yang M, Tang X, Liu J, Zheng L, Xu D, Chi C, Lv Z. Molecular insights of a novel fish Toll-like receptor 9 homologue in Nibea albiflora to reveal its function as PRRs. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 118:321-332. [PMID: 34555530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important class of molecules involved in non-specific immunity, and they are also the bridge connecting between non-specific immunity and specific immunity. As a vital member of TLR family TLR9 can be activated by bacterial DNA and induce the production of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, a full length of TLR9 homologue of 3677 bp in Nibea albiflora (named as NaTLR9, GenBank accession no: MN125017.1) was characterized, and its ORF was 3180 bp encoding 1059 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 121.334 kDa (pI = 6.29). Several leucine-rich repeated sequences (LRR domain) and conservative TIR domain were found in NaTLR9, which was mainly expressed in dendritic cells and macrophages. The phylogenetic and synteny analysis further revealed high sequence identity of NaTLR9 with its counterparts of other teleost, confirming their correct nomenclature and conservative during evolution as an important pattern recognition receptor. The NaTLR9-TIR-pEGFP-N1 fusion protein showed green fluorescence and mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. After co-transfection of NaTLR9-TIR-pEGFP-N1 and NaMyD88-pDsRED-Monomer-N1, green fluorescence obviously overlapped with red and changed into yellowish-green, which suggested that there might be the interaction between homologous NaTLR9-TIR and MyD88. Based on this result the pCDNA3.1-NaTLR9-TIR-flag and pcMV-NaMyD88-TIR-Myc plasmids were co-transfected into 293T cells for the immunoprecipitation test. According to Western blot, TLR9 and MyD88 protein could interact with each other. Furthermore, NaTLR9 was ubiquitously expressed in all the investigated tissues, most abundantly in head kidney, followed by stomach, spleen, liver and gill, but lower in muscle. The vitro immune stimulation experiments revealed that Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)] induced higher levels of NaTLR9 mRNA expression with the peaks of 9.52 times at 2 h and 39.91 times at 24 h compared with the control group respectively. The functional domains (LRRs and TIR, named NaTLR9-TIR and NaTLR9-LRR respectively) of NaTLR9 were expressed and purified, the recombinant proteins both could bind three kinds of typical aquatic pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi), which showed that NaTLR9 could couple to bacteria by its function domains. The aforementioned results indicated that NaTLR9 played a significant role in the defense against pathogenic bacteria infection in innate immune response of sciaenidae fish, which may provide some further understandings of the regulatory mechanisms in the teleostean innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
| | - Meijun Yang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Xiuqin Tang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Libing Zheng
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100, PR China
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenming Lv
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
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Wang KL, Chen SN, Li L, Huo HJ, Nie P. Functional characterization of four TIR domain-containing adaptors, MyD88, TRIF, MAL, and SARM in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 122:104110. [PMID: 33933533 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptors, serve as pivotal signal transduction molecules in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway to mediate downstream signalling cascades. In this study, four TIR-domain containing adaptors, MyD88, TRIF, MAL and SARM, were identified in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi, and they all contain TIR domains, of which MyD88 and SARM had high sequence homology with their vertebrate homologues. The expression analysis at mRNA level indicated that these genes were ubiquitously distributed in different tissues, being high in immune- and mucosa-related tissues such as head-kidney and intestine. The transcripts of these adaptor genes were up-regulated by poly(I:C) and LPS stimulation in isolated head-kidney lymphocytes (HKLs) of mandarin fish. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that all these molecules were localized in cytoplasm, and further investigations showed that the over-expression of MyD88, TRIF and MAL activated the NF-κB, ISRE or type Ι IFN promoters and inhibited SVCV replication, whereas their antiviral effects were significantly impaired when co-transfected with SARM. It was also confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) that SARM interacts separately with MyD88, TRIF and MAL, and MAL interacts with MyD88. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these adaptors involved in signalling pathways of different TLRs should be of interest for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jun Huo
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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Wang KL, Chen SN, Huo HJ, Nie P. Identification and expression analysis of sixteen Toll-like receptor genes, TLR1, TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR3, TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR7-9, TLR13a-c, TLR14, TLR21-23 in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 121:104100. [PMID: 33862097 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), possess specific pathogen-related molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition spectrum in inducing immune responses. In this study, sixteen TLRs were identified and characterized in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). All these TLRs consist of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane domain and a Toll/interleukin-I receptor (TIR) domain, with the exception of TLR5S which lacks TIR domain, and they can be clustered into five branches, i.e. TLR1 subfamily, TLR3 subfamily, TLR5 subfamily, TLR7 subfamily and TLR11 subfamily in phylogenetic tree. These TLR genes were expressed in all tested tissues and had high expression levels in immune-related tissues such as head-kidney and spleen or mucosa-related tissues such as intestine and pyloric caecum. The transcripts of TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR3, TLR13a, TLR14, TLR22 and TLR23 were all significantly up-regulated after stimulation with poly(I:C); TLR1, TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR3, TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR13a and TLR13b transcripts were all significantly up-regulated after stimulation with PGN; and TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR13c, TLR14 and TLR22 transcripts were all significantly up-regulated after stimulation with LPS in isolated head kidney lymphocytes of mandarin fish. The findings in this study may provide a valuable basis for functional study on TLR genes in mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hui Jun Huo
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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Geng M, Hua Y, Liu Y, Quan J, Hu X, Su P, Li Y, Liu X, Li Q, Zhu T. Evolutionary history and functional characterization of Lj-TICAM-a and Lj-TICAM-b formed via lineage-specific tandem duplication in lamprey (Lampetra japonica). Genomics 2021; 113:2756-2768. [PMID: 34147633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule (TICAM) genes respond to infections. We identified TICAM-a and TICAM-b in Lampetra japonica and investigated their evolutionary history and potential function via comparative genomics and molecular evolution analyses. They are arranged in tandem and evolved from a multi-exon to a single-exon structure. Lj-TICAM-a and Lj-TICAM-b might be the ancestral gene of the vertebrate TICAM genes. Lj-TICAM-b arose via a lamprey-specific tandem duplication event. Both genes are expressed in many tissues during an immune response, and exhibit different responses to peptidoglycan, indicating their functional divergence. Simultaneous overexpression of both proteins activated nuclear factor κB expression and co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that they might form a complex for signal transduction. However, unlike in mammals, the TICAM-dependent signaling pathway in lamprey might rely on TRAF3 rather than on TRAF6. These results suggest that both Lj-TICAM-a and Lj-TICAM-b play a role in host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yishan Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Jian Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xueting Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Loes AN, Hinman MN, Farnsworth DR, Miller AC, Guillemin K, Harms MJ. Identification and Characterization of Zebrafish Tlr4 Coreceptor Md-2. J Immunol 2021; 206:1046-1057. [PMID: 33472906 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism for studies of the innate immune system. One apparent difference between human and zebrafish innate immunity is the cellular machinery for LPS sensing. In amniotes, the protein complex formed by TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (Tlr4/Md-2) recognizes the bacterial molecule LPS and triggers an inflammatory response. It is believed that zebrafish have neither Md-2 nor Tlr4; Md-2 has not been identified outside of amniotes, whereas the zebrafish tlr4 genes appear to be paralogs, not orthologs, of amniote TLR4s We revisited these conclusions. We identified a zebrafish gene encoding Md-2, ly96 Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that ly96 is transcribed in cells that also transcribe genes diagnostic for innate immune cells, including the zebrafish tlr4-like genes. In larval zebrafish, ly96 is expressed in a small number of macrophage-like cells. In a functional assay, zebrafish Md-2 and Tlr4ba form a complex that activates NF-κB signaling in response to LPS. In larval zebrafish ly96 loss-of-function mutations perturbed LPS-induced cytokine production but gave little protection against LPS toxicity. Finally, by analyzing the genomic context of tlr4 genes in 11 jawed vertebrates, we found that tlr4 arose prior to the divergence of teleosts and tetrapods. Thus, an LPS-sensitive Tlr4/Md-2 complex is likely an ancestral feature shared by mammals and zebrafish, rather than a de novo invention on the tetrapod lineage. We hypothesize that zebrafish retain an ancestral, low-sensitivity Tlr4/Md-2 complex that confers LPS responsiveness to a specific subset of innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Loes
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Melissa N Hinman
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.,Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Dylan R Farnsworth
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; and
| | - Adam C Miller
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; and
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.,Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.,Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Michael J Harms
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
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Wang QQ, Han S, Li XX, Yuan R, Zhuo Y, Chen X, Zhang C, Chen Y, Gao H, Zhao LC, Yang S. Nuezhenide Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Activity through the NF-κB Pathway. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:101-111. [PMID: 32525787 PMCID: PMC8778660 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200611141337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuezhenide (NZD), an iridoid glycoside isolated from Ilex pubescens Hook. & Arn. var. kwangsiensis Hand.-Mazz., used as a traditional Chinese medicine for clearing away heat and toxic materials, displays a variety of biological activities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, and other life-protecting activities. However, a few studies involving anti-inflammatory activity and the mechanism of NZD have also been reported. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of NZD are illustrated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the hypothesis that NZD suppresses LPS-induced inflammation by targeting the NF-κB pathway in RAW264.7 cells. METHODS LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were employed to detect the effect of NZD on the release of cytokines by ELISA. Protein expression levels of related molecular markers were quantitated by western blot analysis. The levels of ROS, NO, and Ca2+ were detected by flow cytometry. The changes in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed and verified by fluorescence microscopy. Using immunofluorescence assay, the translocation of NF-κB/p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was determined by confocal microscopy. RESULTS NZD exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines such as nitrite, TNF-α, and IL-6. NZD suppressed the expression of the phosphorylated proteins like IKKα/β, IκBα, and p65. Besides, the flow cytometry results indicated that NZD inhibited the levels of ROS, NO, and Ca2+ in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. JC-1 assay data showed that NZD reversed LPS-induced MMP loss. Furthermore, NZD suppressed LPS-induced NF-B/p65 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. CONCLUSION NZD exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through the NF-κB pathway on RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Xin-Xing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Youqiong Zhuo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Xinxin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Chenwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Yangling Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Li-Chun Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530200
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Cafora M, Brix A, Forti F, Loberto N, Aureli M, Briani F, Pistocchi A. Phages as immunomodulators and their promising use as anti-inflammatory agents in a cftr loss-of-function zebrafish model. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:1046-1052. [PMID: 33298374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), one of the most frequent hereditary diseases due to mutations in the CFTR gene, causes mortality in humans mainly due to infection in the respiratory system. However, besides the massive inflammatory response triggered by chronic bacterial infections, a constitutive pro-inflammatory state associated with the most common CFTR mutations has been reported in paediatric cases before the onset of bacterial colonization. In previous works we isolated and characterized a mix of virulent bacteriophages (phage cocktail) able to efficiently counteract Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a zebrafish model with cftr loss-of-function (LOF), but also showing anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish embryos not infected by bacteria. On these premises, in this work we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory role of the phage cocktail both in the wild-type (WT) and hyper-inflamed cftr LOF zebrafish embryos in terms of reduction of pro-inflammatory markers. We also dissect that only the virion proteinaceous components, but not the phage DNA, are responsible for the immune-modulatory effect and that this action is elicited through the activation of the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) pathway. In the cftr LOF zebrafish embryos, we demonstrated that phages injection significantly reduces neutrophil migration following acute inflammatory induction. The elucidation of the molecular interaction between phages and the cells of vertebrate immune system might open new possibility in their manipulation for therapeutic benefits especially in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, characterized by chronic infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy; EPIGET LAB, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via San Barnaba 8, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Brix
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Forti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Federica Briani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy.
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Trung NB, Lee PT. Functional characterization of myeloid differentiation factor 88 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Silvaraj S, Md Yasin IS, A Karim MM, Saad MZ. Elucidating the Efficacy of Vaccination against Vibriosis in Lates calcarifer Using Two Recombinant Protein Vaccines Containing the Outer Membrane Protein K (r-OmpK) of Vibrio alginolyticus and the DNA Chaperone J (r-DnaJ) of Vibrio harveyi. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E660. [PMID: 33171991 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant cell vaccines expressing the OmpK and DnaJ of Vibrio were developed and subsequently, a vaccination efficacy trial was carried out on juvenile seabass (~5 cm; ~20 g). The fish were divided into 5 groups of 50 fish per group, kept in triplicate. Groups 1 and 2 were injected with 107 CFU/mL of the inactivated recombinant cells vaccines, the pET-32/LIC-OmpK and pET-32/LIC-DnaJ, respectively. Group 3 was similarly injected with 107 CFU/mL of inactivated E. coli BL21 (DE3), Group 4 with 107 CFU/mL of formalin killed whole cells V. harveyi, and Group 5 with PBS solution. Serum, mucus, and gut lavage were used to determine the antibody levels before all fish were challenged with V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahemolyticus, respectively on day 15 post-vaccination. There was significant increase in the serum and gut lavage antibody titers in the juvenile seabass vaccinated with r-OmpK vaccine. In addition, there was an up-regulation for TLR2, MyD88, and MHCI genes in the kidney and intestinal tissues of r-OmpK vaccinated fish. At the same time, r-OmpK triggered higher expression level of interleukin IL-10, IL-8, IL-1ß in the spleen, intestine, and kidney compared to r-DnaJ. Overall, r-OmpK and r-DnaJ triggered protection by curbing inflammation and strengthening the adaptive immune response. Vaccinated fish also demonstrated strong cross protection against heterologous of Vibrio isolates, the V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus. The fish vaccinated with r-OmpK protein were completely protected with a relative per cent of survival (RPS) of 90 percent against V. harveyi and 100 percent against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus. A semi-quantitative PCR detection of Vibrio spp. from the seawater containing the seabass also revealed that vaccination resulted in reduction of pathogen shedding. In conclusion, our results suggest r-OmpK as a candidate vaccine molecule against multiple Vibrio strain to prevent vibriosis in marine fish.
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Xin GY, Li WG, Suman TY, Jia PP, Ma YB, Pei DS. Gut bacteria Vibrio sp. and Aeromonas sp. trigger the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine: First evidence from the germ-free zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:518-525. [PMID: 32810528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a central part in the regulation of multiple host metabolic pathways, such as homeostasis, immunostasis, mucosa permeability, and even brain development. Though, slight known about the function of an individual gut bacterium in zebrafish. In this study, germ-free (GF) and conventionally reared (CV) zebrafish models utilized for studying the role of gut bacteria Vibrio sp. and Aeromonas sp. After the analysis of gut microbial profile in zebrafish male and female at three-month age, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria dominated the main composition of zebrafish intestinal microflora. However, the relative richness of them was different base on gender variance. Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. belonging to Proteobacteria phylum of bacteria were isolated from zebrafish gut, and their potential capacities to trigger innate immunity were investigated. In gut microbiota absence, the expression levels of the innate immunity genes in the GF group were not significantly changed compared to the CV group. After exposure to Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp., the expression levels of myd88, TLRs-, and inflammation-related genes were increased in both GF and CV groups, except tlr2 and NLRs-related genes. However, the expression level of NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 pathway genes were all decreased after exposure to Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. in both GF and CV groups. Interestingly, inflammation-related genes (tnfa, tnfb, and il1β) were activated in the CV group, and there were not significantly changed in the GF group, indicating that other bacteria were indispensable for Aeromonas sp. or Vibrio sp. to activate the inflammation response. Taken together, this is the first study of gut bacteria Vibrio sp. and Aeromonas sp. prompting the innate immune response using the GF and CV zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuan Xin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Thodhal Yoganandham Suman
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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Abstract
Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed majorly rely on their innate immunity modulated by PRRs like toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR). However, current development to improve the fish immunity via TLR/NLR signaling is affected by a poor understanding of its mechanistic and structural features. This review discusses the structure of fish TLRs/NLRs and its interaction with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and downstream signaling molecules. Over the past one decade, significant progress has been done in studying the structure of TLRs/NLRs in higher eukaryotes; however, structural studies on fish innate immune receptors are undermined. Several novel TLR genes are identified in fish that are absent in higher eukaryotes, but the function is still poorly understood. Unlike the fundamental progress achieved in developing antagonist/agonist to modulate human innate immunity, analogous studies in fish are nearly lacking due to structural inadequacy. This underlies the importance of exploring the structural and mechanistic details of fish TLRs/NLRs at an atomic and molecular level. This review outlined the mechanistic and structural basis of fish TLR and NLR activation.
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Alesci A, Lauriano ER, Aragona M, Capillo G, Pergolizzi S. Marking vertebrates langerhans cells, from fish to mammals. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151622. [PMID: 33066843 PMCID: PMC7480233 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are specialized dendritic cells (DCs) that play a defense role in recognizing foreign antigens, in tissue where antigenic exposures occur, as in the skin and mucous membranes. LCs are able to continuously move within the tissues thanks to dendritic contraction and distension performing their surveillance and/or phagocytosis role. These cells are characterized by the presence of Birbeck granules in their cytoplasm, involved in endocytosis. LCs have been characterized in several classes of vertebrates, from fish to mammals using different histological and molecular techniques. The aim of the present review is to define the state of art and the need of information about immunohistochemical markers of LCs in different classes of vertebrates. The most used immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are Langerin/CD207, CD1a, S-100 and TLR. These IHC markers are described in relation to their finding in different vertebrate classes with phylogenetical considerations. Among the four markers, Langerin/CD207 and TLR have the widest spectrum of cross reactivity in LCs.
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Cao M, Yan X, Yang N, Fu Q, Xue T, Zhao S, Hu J, Li Q, Song L, Zhang X, Su B, Li C. Genome-wide characterization of Toll-like receptors in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii: Evolution and response mechanisms following Edwardsiella tarda infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:949-962. [PMID: 32679322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As one of the key components of pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal roles in the innate immune system. However, little information is available about the TLR genes in Sebastes schlegelii. In the present study, 17 TLR genes were identified and classified based on the whole genome database. Tandem duplication events in TLR1, TLR2, TLR5 and TLR13 played major role in the expansion of S. schlegelii TLR genes; both TLR2-3 and TLR2-4 had the same largest number of introns/exons, 11 exons and 10 introns. The syntenic analysis showed neighboring genes of TLR genes were most conserved in S. schlegelii and in L. crocea. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis showed that these TLR genes were divided into five subfamilies and exhibited different selection pressures. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of TLR genes in the intestine after E. tarda infection were investigated by qRT-PCR. Finally, protein and protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated that TLR genes interacted with IFN-inducible genes, inflammatory cytokines, and participated in MyD88-dependent pathway. In summary, this study provided valuable information for further functional characterization of TLR genes in S. schlegelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Sudhagar A, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G. Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3755. [PMID: 32466538 PMCID: PMC7312180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative kidney disease is an emerging disease among salmonids in Europe and North America caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. The decline of endemic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Alpine streams of Europe is fostered by T. bryosalmonae infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that acts as sentinels of the immune system against the invading pathogens. However, little is known about the TLRs' response in salmonids against the myxozoan infection. In the present study, we identified and evaluated TLR1, TLR19, and TLR13-like genes of brown trout using data-mining and phylogenetic analysis. The expression pattern of TLRs was examined in the posterior kidney of brown trout infected with T. bryosalmonae at various time points. Typical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor protein domain was found in all tested TLRs. However, TLR13-like chr2 had a short amino acid sequence with no LRR domain. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that TLR orthologs are conserved across vertebrates. Similarly, a conserved synteny gene block arrangement was observed in the case of TLR1 and TLR19 across fish species. Interestingly, all tested TLRs showed their maximal relative expression from 6 to 10 weeks post-exposure to the parasite. Our results suggest that these TLRs may play an important role in the innate defense mechanism of brown trout against the invading T. bryosalmonae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sudhagar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Haryana 124411, India
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
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Guo Y, Xu Y, Xiong D, Zhou Y, Kang X, Meng C, Gu D, Jiao X, Pan Z. Molecular characterisation, expression and functional feature of TRAF6 in the King pigeon ( Columba livia). Innate Immun 2020; 26:490-504. [PMID: 32393097 PMCID: PMC7491236 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920920930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a signal transducer, which plays a pivotal role in triggering a variety of signalling cascades. Here, we cloned and identified the TRAF6 gene from the King pigeon. The open reading frame sequence of pigeon TRAF6 (piTRAF6) is 1638 bp long and encodes a 545 aa protein, including a low-complexity domain, RING finger, Zinc finger, coiled coil domain, and meprin and TRAF homology domain. The aa sequence of piTRAF6 shared a strong identity with that of other birds. PiTRAF6 transcripts were broadly expressed in all the tested tissues; piTRAF6 levels were the highest and lowest in the heart and stomach, respectively. Overexpression of piTRAF6 activated NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner and induced IFN-β expression. Upon piTRAF6 knockdown by small interfering RNAs, NF-κB activation was markedly inhibited in HEK293T cells. The expression of piTRAF6, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and antiviral molecules, were obviously increased after TLR ligand stimulation and Newcastle disease virus or Salmonella Pullorum inoculation. These results suggest that piTRAF6 may play a key immunoregulatory role in the innate immune response against viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
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48
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Jiao Y, Gu Z, Luo S, Deng Y. Evolutionary and functional analysis of MyD88 genes in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 99:322-330. [PMID: 32060010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adapter protein that links toll-like receptor and interleukin 1 receptor-mediated signal transduction. In this study, we identified 20 MyD88 genes from eight mollusk genomes and found that MyD88 was expanded in bivalves. This expansion tends to be tandem duplication. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the tandem duplication of MyD88 was formed before bivalve differentiation. All of the identified MyD88 contained both of death domain (DD) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, and 13 mollusks MyD88 have low complexity regions (LCRs), which were not found in the MyD88 from humans and zebrafish. The genomic structure showed that most of the mollusk MyD88 (14 of 19) contained five conserved introns, four of which were found in humans and zebrafish. Furthermore, the cDNA full length of PfmMyD88-2 (one of the two identified MyD88 in Pincatada fucata martensii) was obtained with 1591 bp, including 260 bp of 5'UTR, 257 bp of 3'UTR, and 1077 bp of open reading frame encoding 358 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that PfmMyD88-2 mRNA was widely expressed in all detected tissues. The highest expression level was in the gills and followed by hepatopancreas and feet. After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, PfmMyD88-2 expression level increased and reached the highest level at 12 h and then gradually declined to the normal level. Over-expression of PfmMyD88-2 in HEK293T increased the luciferase activity of the pNF-κB-Luc reporter. We also identified that PfmmiR-4047 could regulate the expression of PfmMyD88-2. These results help us elucidate the mechanism underlying mollusk immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for pearl aquaculture and process, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zefeng Gu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Shaojie Luo
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for pearl aquaculture and process, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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49
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Liu J, Wei T, Wu X, Zhong H, Qiu W, Zheng Y. Early exposure to environmental levels of sulfamethoxazole triggers immune and inflammatory response of healthy zebrafish larvae. Sci Total Environ 2020; 703:134724. [PMID: 31759701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace levels of antibiotics are increasingly being detected in aquatic environment and their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms is concerning. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a veterinary sulfonamide widely used across the globe, exists ubiquitously in aquatic environment with concentrations up to micrograms per liter. This study aims to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant levels (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L) of SMX on the health of zebrafish during early development. Our results show that SMX delays the hatchment of embryos and reduces the body length. A dose-response relationship of oxidative stress indicators including total-antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS), catalase (CAT) has been observed. Additionally, SMX up-regulates the gene expression of several key proinflammatory cytokines and their corresponding proteins including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-11 (IL-11) and the expression of genes including interleukin-6 (il-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α). This indicates that early exposure of SMX may evoke inflammation response in healthy fish. Inhibition of lysozyme and recombination-activating genes (rags) suggests that SMX suppresses the ability of zebrafish to resist pathogen. The reduction of the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) related genes and significant correlations between TLRs and other immune-related genes reveal that TLRs might be an immunoregulator of SMX for zebrafish embryos and larvae. The novelty of this study lies in that early exposure to environmental levels of SMX not only affects the growth and development of zebrafish larvae, but also triggers oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in a reduction in host immune defense via TLRs in healthy fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianzi Wei
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanbin Zhong
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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50
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Flores EM, Nguyen AT, Odem MA, Eisenhoffer GT, Krachler AM. The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract-microbe interactions. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13152. [PMID: 31872937 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a widely used vertebrate model for bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan infections. Due to its genetic tractability, large clutch sizes, ease of manipulation, and optical transparency during early life stages, it is a particularly useful model to address questions about the cellular microbiology of host-microbe interactions. Although its use as a model for systemic infections, as well as infections localised to the hindbrain and swimbladder having been thoroughly reviewed, studies focusing on host-microbe interactions in the zebrafish gastrointestinal tract have been neglected. Here, we summarise recent findings regarding the developmental and immune biology of the gastrointestinal tract, drawing parallels to mammalian systems. We discuss the use of adult and larval zebrafish as models for gastrointestinal infections, and more generally, for studies of host-microbe interactions in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Flores
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Max A Odem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - George T Eisenhoffer
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne Marie Krachler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
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