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Suzuki M, Funasaka N, Sato Y, Inamori D, Watanabe Y, Ozaki M, Hosono M, Shindo H, Kawamura K, Tatsukawa T, Yoshioka M. Association of seasonal changes in circulating cortisol concentrations with the expression of cortisol biosynthetic enzymes and a glucocorticoid receptor in the blubber of common bottlenose dolphin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 352:114516. [PMID: 38593942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cortisol is secreted from the adrenal cortex in response to stress, and its circulating levels are used as robust physiological indicators of stress intensity in various animals. Cortisol is also produced locally in adipose tissue by the conversion of steroid hormones such as cortisone, which is related to fat accumulation. Circulating cortisol levels, probably induced by cold stress, increase in cetaceans under cold conditions. However, whether cortisol production in subcutaneous adipose tissue is enhanced when fat accumulation is renewed during the cold season remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examine the effect of environmental temperature on the expression of cortisol synthesis-related enzymes and a glucocorticoid receptor in the subcutaneous fat (blubber) and explore the association between these expressions and fluctuations in circulating cortisol levels in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Skin biopsies were obtained seasonally from eight female dolphins, and seasonal differences in the expression of target genes in the blubber were analyzed. Blood samples were collected throughout the year, and cortisol levels were measured. We found that the expressions of cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2 (CYP21A2) and nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), a glucocorticoid receptor, were increased in the cold season, and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) showed a similar trend. Blood cortisol levels increased when the water temperature decreased. These results suggest that the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to cortisol via 11-deoxycortisol and/or of cortisone to cortisol is enhanced under cold conditions, and the physiological effects of cortisol in subcutaneous adipose tissue may contribute to on-site lipid accumulation and increase the circulating cortisol concentrations. The results obtained in this study highlight the role of cortisol in the regulation of the blubber that has developed to adapt to aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Suzuki
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Noriko Funasaka
- Cetacean Research Center, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Daiki Inamori
- Taiji Whale Museum, Higashimuro, Wakayama 649-5171 Japan
| | - Yurie Watanabe
- Taiji Whale Museum, Higashimuro, Wakayama 649-5171 Japan
| | - Miki Ozaki
- Adventure World, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2201 Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Shindo
- Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036 Japan
| | - Keiko Kawamura
- Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036 Japan
| | | | - Motoi Yoshioka
- Cetacean Research Center, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan.
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Buckert M, Streibel C, Hartmann M, Monzer N, Kopf S, Szendrödi J, Wild B. Cross-sectional associations of self-perceived stress and hair cortisol with metabolic outcomes and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1289689. [PMID: 38813430 PMCID: PMC11133512 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence supports chronic psychological stress as a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Much less is known, however, about the role of chronic stress in established diabetes. Methods The aim of the current study was to comprehensively assess chronic stress in a sample of 73 patients with type 2 diabetes and 48 non-diabetic control participants, and to investigate associations with indicators of glycemic control (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell functioning (C-peptide), illness duration, and the presence of microvascular complications. Chronic stress was measured using questionnaires [the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Screening Scale of the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (SSCS), the Perceived Health Questionnaire (PHQ) as well as the Questionnaire on Stress in Patients with Diabetes-Revised (QSD-R)]; hair cortisol was used as a biological indicator. Results We found that patients with type 2 diabetes had higher levels of hair cortisol in comparison to the control group (F(1,112) = 5.3; p = 0.023). Within the diabetic group, higher hair cortisol was associated with a longer duration of the illness (r = 0.25, p = 0.04). General perceived stress did not show significant associations with metabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients. In contrast, higher diabetes-related distress, as measured with the QSD-R, was associated with lower glycemic control (r = 0.28, p = 0.02), higher insulin resistance (r = 0.26, p = 0.03) and a longer duration of the illness (r = 0.30, p = 0.01). Discussion Our results corroborate the importance of chronic psychological stress in type 2 diabetes. It appears, however, that once type 2 diabetes has developed, diabetes-specific distress gains in importance over general subjective stress. On a biological level, increased cortisol production could be linked to the course of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Buckert
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Streibel
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hartmann
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nelly Monzer
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendrödi
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Wild
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bavaresco A, Mazzeo P, Lazzara M, Barbot M. Adipose tissue in cortisol excess: What Cushing's syndrome can teach us? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116137. [PMID: 38494065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare condition due to prolonged exposure to elevated circulating cortisol levels that features its typical phenotype characterised by moon face, proximal myopathy, easy bruising, hirsutism in females and a centripetal distribution of body fat. Given the direct and indirect effects of hypercortisolism, CS is a severe disease burdened by increased cardio-metabolic morbidity and mortality in which visceral adiposity plays a leading role. Although not commonly found in clinical setting, endogenous CS is definitely underestimated leading to delayed diagnosis with consequent increased rate of complications and reduced likelihood of their reversal after disease control. Most of all, CS is a unique model for systemic impairment induced by exogenous glucocorticoid therapy that is commonly prescribed for a number of chronic conditions in a relevant proportion of the worldwide population. In this review we aim to summarise on one side, the mechanisms behind visceral adiposity and lipid metabolism impairment in CS during active disease and after remission and on the other explore the potential role of cortisol in promoting adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bavaresco
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzeo
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Lazzara
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbot
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Xiong M, Cheng Y, Luo Y, Fang C, Yao H, Liu Q, Lu F, Li X, Bie Z, Bai J, Zhang C. The impact of fear of cancer recurrence on the quality of life of breast cancer patients: A longitudinal study of the mediation effect of cortisol and hope. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 70:102600. [PMID: 38795441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study sought to explore the impact of cortisol and hope levels on Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR) and Quality of Life (QOL) in a cohort of 552 breast cancer patients from three centers in Wuhan City. METHOD A longitudinal study involving 552 breast cancer patients from three centers in Wuhan City utilized Chinese versions of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the Herth Hope Index (HHI), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) scale. Cortisol levels were measured thrice daily, and data was collected longitudinally three times. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3, employing a longitudinal path model constructed via the cross-lagged method. RESULTS The results showed there were significant correlations between FCR, cortisol levels, and QOL at different time points. A significant mediating model was found with outcomes related to hope levels. Specifically, FCR predicted a decrease in hope levels (β = -0.163, p < 0.001), which in turn led to a decrease in overall QOL (β = -0.078, p < 0.001), with a mediation effect accounting for 10.34%. Although there were correlations between FCR, cortisol levels, and QOL at different time points, further analysis revealed that cortisol levels did not exhibit a mediating effect between the two (95% confidence interval: -0.002 to 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated there were significant correlations among FCR, QOL, and hope levels. Considering hope as a crucial mediator between FCR and QOL, potential intervention strategies for optimizing the QOL of breast cancer patients are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidi Xiong
- Department of Nursing, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Medical Department, Yangtze University, #1 Southern Ring Road, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Yuping Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Beihu Community Health Service Center, Jianghan District, #6 Beihu Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hongmei Yao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ziying Bie
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Central Hospital, #26 Victory Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, #169 East-Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Medical Department, Yangtze University, #1 Southern Ring Road, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
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Li L, Dai F. Comparison of the associations between Life's Essential 8 and Life's Simple 7 with depression, as well as the mediating role of oxidative stress factors and inflammation: NHANES 2005-2018. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:31-39. [PMID: 38280569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular health (CVH) is closely associated with depression. However, Life's Essential 8 (LE8), a novel CVH measure, has not yet been clearly linked to depression. This study aims to explore the association between LE8 and depression, compare its advantages over Life's Simple 7 (LS7), and investigate the mediating effects of oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS This study investigated cross-sectional data of adults aged 20 and above from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2018. The LE8 score (ranging from 0 to 100) was derived from the American Heart Association's definition, based on the unweighted average of 8 metrics, classified as low cardiovascular health (CVH) (0-49), moderate CVH (50-79), and high CVH (80-100). Similar to LE8, LS7 scores were categorized into inadequate (0-7), average (8-10), or optimal (11-14) after calculating the unweighted mean of each component. Depression was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a score of ≥10 defining depression. Adjusted for sociodemographic factors and other risk factors for depression, weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to explore the correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to study the associations between CVH scores and depression. Subsequently, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted, followed by an exploration of the mechanisms involved. RESULTS A total of 7 cycles from 2005 to 2018 contained complete data. Weighted logistic regression showed that both LS7 and LE8 were significantly associated with depression. Specifically, for LE8, after adjustment, the risk of depression decreased by 52 % for moderate CVH compared to low CVH (OR: 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.41-0.57, P < 0.0001), while the risk decreased by 80 % for high CVH (OR: 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.15-0.26, P < 0.0001, Ptrend < 0.0001). For LS7, after adjustment, compared with inadequate CVH, the risk of depression decreased by 49 % for average CVH (OR: 0.51, 95 % CI: 0.34-0.78, P = 0.002), and by 55 % for optimal CVH (OR: 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.74, P = 0.002, Ptrend < 0.0001). Area under ROC curves for predicting depression were 0.672 (95 % CI, 0.66-0.684; P < 0.001) and 0.605 (95 % CI, 0.59-0.619; P < 0.001) for LE8 and LS7 (PDeLong < 0.001), respectively. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the association. GGT and WBC jointly mediated 9.62 % of this association (all P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study cannot infer causality. CONCLUSIONS The association between Life's Essential 8 and depression was stronger and more practical. Oxidative stress and inflammation mediate this association. Individuals with extremely poor cardiovascular health have a 7-fold increased risk of depression, highlighting the necessity of maintaining at least moderate cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laifu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an, China.
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Rodrigues KL, Scaranni PDODS, Pereira ENGDS, da Silva VVD, Silvares RR, de Araujo BP, Castilho C, Schmidt MI, da Fonseca MDJM, Griep RH, Daliry A. Hair cortisol levels are associated with overweight and obesity in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1361715. [PMID: 38654925 PMCID: PMC11035765 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hair cortisol level has recently been identified as a promising marker for detecting long-term cortisol levels and a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis activity. However, research on the association between obesity and an altered cortisol metabolism remains controversial. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hair cortisol levels and overweight and obesity in participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 2,499 participants from the second follow-up (visit 3, 2017-2019) attending research centers in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul states. Hair samples were collected, and cortisol levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cortisol levels were classified as low (< 40 pg/mg), medium (40-128 pg/mg), or high (> 128 pg/mg). The participants were classified as eutrophic, overweight, or obese according to their weight (kg) and height (m2). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Results Of the 2499 individuals, 30% had eutrophic weight, 40% were overweight, and 30% were obese. Notably, cortisol levels gradually increased with increasing body weight. Among participants with high hair cortisol levels, 41.2% were classified as overweight and 34.2% as obese. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with high cortisol levels were 43% (OR =1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.03) more likely to be overweight and 72% (OR =1.72; 95%CI:1.20-2.47) more likely to be obese than participants with low hair cortisol levels. After adjustment for all covariates, high cortisol levels remained associated with obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI:1.02-2.31) and overweight (OR =1.33; 95%CI:0.91-1.94). Conclusion In the ELSA-Brazil cohort, hair stress were positively associated with overweight and obesity. These results underscore the importance of considering stress and cortisol as potential factors in obesity prevention and intervention efforts, and highlight a novel aspect of the complex relationship between stress and obesity in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peres de Araujo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristina Castilho
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Owens BA, Sabik NJ, Tovar A, Ward-Ritacco CL, Melanson K, Guerrieo Z, Oaks BM. Higher morning cortisol is associated with lower intuitive eating in midlife women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106958. [PMID: 38218001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with negative health outcomes in adults, including increased adiposity. Eating behaviors to cope with stress can have a negative effect on adiposity. There is limited research on positive eating behaviors, such as intuitive eating (IE), and their relationship to stress and adiposity. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between stress and adiposity and to assess whether IE is a mediator of that pathway. METHODS Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional study of 114 women between 40-64 years of age. Participants completed in-person visits and self-reported questionnaires, including the Intuitive Eating Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. Adiposity was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Measurements included total body fat percentage and android/gynoid (AG) ratio as a measure of abdominal adiposity. Participants provided ten salivary cortisol samples over two days, collected upon waking, 30-, 45-, and 60-minutes after waking, and prior to bed. Several methods were used to characterize cortisol secretion and exposure, including the diurnal cortisol slope and the cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg). Linear regression was used to assess the associations between perceived stress and IE and between features of diurnal cortisol and IE. Mediation models were tested to examine the indirect effects of IE on the relationship between perceived stress and adiposity and to test the indirect effects of IE on the relationship between cortisol measures and adiposity. RESULTS Linear regression analyses indicated that higher cortisol AUCg was associated with lower scores on the eating for physical reasons subscale (β: -0.01, p = 0.008). After adjusting for covariates, neither higher perceived stress nor diurnal cortisol were associated with intuitive eating. There was no evidence of mediation of the association of stress on adiposity through IE. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a relationship between higher overall morning cortisol and lower scores on the eating for physical reasons subscale of the Intuitive Eating Scale. Future research should seek to understand how intuitive eating may be used as a technique for individuals who engage in emotional eating to cope with stress, and to prevent excess adiposity resulting from stress in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Owens
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Natalie J Sabik
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Christie L Ward-Ritacco
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Kathleen Melanson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zachary Guerrieo
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brietta M Oaks
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Biose IJ, Bakare AB, Wang H, Gressett TE, Bix GJ. Sleep apnea and ischemic stroke- a perspective for translational preclinical modelling. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101929. [PMID: 38581800 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with ischemic stroke. There is, however, a lack of knowledge on the exact cause-effect relationship, and preclinical models of OSA for experimental ischemic stroke investigations are not well characterized. In this review, we discuss sleep apnea and its relationship with stroke risk factors. We consider how OSA may lead to ischemic stroke and how OSA-induced metabolic syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) dysfunction could serve as therapeutic targets to prevent ischemic stroke. Further, we examine the translational potential of established preclinical models of OSA. We conclude that metabolic syndrome and HPA dysfunction, which are often overlooked in the context of experimental stroke and OSA studies, are crucial for experimental consideration to improve the body of knowledge as well as the translational potential of investigative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Biose
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - A B Bakare
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - T E Gressett
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - G J Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
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Liebert MA, Urlacher SS, Madimenos FC, Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ, Harrington CJ, Bribiescas RG, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24056. [PMID: 38517108 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high-income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution. METHODS We investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2-86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post-waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output. RESULTS Age was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high-income populations. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Liebert
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia C Madimenos
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA
- New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Dong T, Lin W, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen J, Liu H, Zhang C. Association of adiposity indicators with cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk in hypertensive patients: a large cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1302296. [PMID: 38577567 PMCID: PMC10991765 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1302296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has emerged as a prominent public health concern. Hypertensive patients are prone to develop comorbidities. Moreover, the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is the main cause for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) not only assess adipose tissue mass but also reflect adipose tissue dysfunction. So far, no study has been reported to evaluate the association of CMI, LAP, VAI, and CVAI with CMM risk in hypertensive patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between these adiposity indicators and the risk of CMM among Chinese hypertensive patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 229,287 hypertensive patients aged 35 years and older were included from the National Basic Public Health Service Project. All participants underwent a face-to-face questionnaire survey, physical examination, and the collection of fasting venous blood samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to evaluate the identification ability for CMM. Results After adjusting for confounders, each 1-standard deviation increase in CMI, LAP, VAI, and CVAI was associated with a 14%, 8%, 12%, and 54% increased risk of CMM, respectively. When comparing the highest quartile of these indicators with the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of CMM, LAP, VAI, and CVAI had a 1.39-fold (95% CI 1.30, 1.48), 1.28-fold (95% CI 1.19, 1.37), 1.37-fold (95% CI 1.29, 1.46), and 2.56-fold (95% CI 2.34, 2.79) increased risk of CMM after adjusting for potential confounders. Notably, a nonlinear association was observed for CMI, LAP, and VAI with the risk of CMM (all P nonlinearity < 0.001). CVAI exhibited the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) among all the included adiposity indices in this analysis. Conclusion This study indicated the significant positive association of CMI, LAP, VAI, and CVAI with the risk of CMM in hypertensive patients. Among these indicators, CVAI demonstrated the most robust performance in predicting CMM risk and may serve as a valuable tool for identifying CMM risk in Chinese hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Lin
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunou Yang
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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van der Valk ES, Mohseni M, Iyer AM, van den Hurk M, Lengton R, Kuckuck S, Wester VL, Leenen PJM, Dik WA, Visser JA, Kavousi M, Mirzaian M, van den Berg SAA, van Rossum EFC. Long-term glucocorticoid exposure and incident cardiovascular diseases - the Lifelines cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae081. [PMID: 38500477 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Long-term glucocorticoid levels in scalp hair (HairGCs), including cortisol and the inactive form cortisone, represent the cumulative systemic exposure to glucocorticoids over months. HairGCs have repeatedly shown associations with cardiometabolic and immune parameters, but longitudinal data are lacking. DESIGN We investigated 6341 hair samples of participants from the Lifelines cohort study for cortisol and cortisone levels, and associated these to incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during 5-7 years of follow-up. We computed the odds ratio (OR) of HairGC levels for incident CVD via logistic regression, adjusting for classical cardiovascular risk factors, and performed a sensitivity analysis in subcohorts of participants <60 years and >= 60 years. Also, we associated HairGC levels to immune parameters (total leukocytes and subtypes). RESULTS Hair cortisone levels (available in n = 4701) were independently associated with incident CVD (p < 0.001), particularly in younger individuals (multivariate-adjusted OR 4.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91-9.07 per point increase in 10-log cortisone concentration (pg/mg), p < 0.001). All immune parameters except eosinophils were associated with hair cortisone (all multivariate-adjusted p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this large, prospective cohort study, we found that long-term cortisone levels, measured in scalp hair, represent a relevant and significant predictor for future cardiovascular diseases in younger individuals. These results highlight glucocorticoid action as possible treatment target for CVD prevention, where hair glucocorticoid measurements could help identify individuals that may benefit from such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline S van der Valk
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Mohseni
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Hurk
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Lengton
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Kuckuck
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent L Wester
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Geriatric Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A A van den Berg
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Obesity Centre CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Chen S, Yang L, Yang Y, Shi W, Stults-Kolehmainen M, Yuan Q, Wang C, Ye J. Sedentary behavior, physical activity, sleep duration and obesity risk: Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300074. [PMID: 38457382 PMCID: PMC10923474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested associations between sedentary behaviors (SB), physical activity (PA), sleep duration (SD), and obesity, but the causal relationships remain unclear. METHODS We used Mendelian randomization (MR) with genetic variation as instrumental variables (IVs) to assess the causality between SB/PA/SD and obesity. Genetic variants associated with SB/PA/SD were obtained from Genome-wide association study (GWAS), and obesity data came from FinnGen. The primary MR analysis used the instrumental variable weighted (IVW) method, with sensitivity tests including Cochran Q, MR-Egger intercepts, and MR-Radial. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis was applied to identify significant genetic associations and biological pathways in obesity-related tissues. RESULTS The MR analysis revealed causal relationships between four SB-related lifestyle patterns and obesity. Specifically, increased genetic liability to television watching (IVW MR Odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, [95% CI]:[1.27, 1.90], p = 1.67×10-5), computer use ([OR] = 1.52, [95% CI]:[1.08, 2.13], p = 1.61×10-2), leisure screen time (LST) ([OR] = 1.62, [95% CI] = [1.43, 1.84], p = 6.49×10-14, and driving (MR [OR] = 2.79, [95% CI]:[1.25, 6.21], p = 1.23×10-2) was found to increase the risk of obesity. Our findings indicate that no causal relationships were observed between SB at work, sedentary commuting, PA, SD, and obesity. The eQTL analysis revealed strong associations between specific genes (RPS26, TTC12, CCDC92, NICN1) and SNPs (rs10876864, rs2734849, rs4765541, rs7615206) in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, which are associated with these SBs. Enrichment analysis further revealed that these genes are involved in crucial biological pathways, including cortisol synthesis, thyroid hormone synthesis, and insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a causal relationship between four specific SBs (LST, television watching, computer use, driving) and obesity. These results provide valuable insights into potential interventions to address obesity effectively, supported by genetic associations in the eQTL and enrichment analysis. Further research and public health initiatives focusing on reducing specific SBs may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Chen
- Department of Nursing, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College-Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nursing, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Nursing, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenmini Shi
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Matthew Stults-Kolehmainen
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College-Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Center for Weight Management, Digestive Health Multispecialty Clinic, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Qiao Yuan
- Department of Nursing, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Nursing, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Nursing, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Li G, Wu W, Zhou L, Chan W, Wang J, Zhu L, Song L, Lin L, Wu B, Xiao J, Lian Y. Association between occupational noise and obesity: a retrospective cohort study in China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:155-164. [PMID: 38117351 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between occupational noise, and obesity and body mass index (BMI) changes. METHODS Baseline data were collected from participants (n = 1264) who were followed for 6 years in a retrospective study. The noise exposure level (LAeq,8h) was determined by equivalent continuous weighted sound pressure levels using the fixed-point surveillance method for noise monitoring. The cumulative noise exposure (CNE) level was determined using the equal energy formula, which is based on exposure history and level. RESULTS The incidence of obesity at low (RR = 2.364, 95% CI 1.123-4.739]), medium (RR = 3.921, 95% CI 1.946-7.347]), high (RR = 5.242, 95% CI 2.642-9.208]), and severe noise levels (RR = 9.322, 95% CI 5.341-14.428]) was higher risk than the LAeq,8h control level. The risk of obesity among participants exposed to low (RR = 2.957, 95% CI 1.441-6.068]) and high cumulative noise levels (RR = 7.226, 95% CI 3.623-14.415]) was greater than the CNE control level. For every 1 dB(A) increase in LAeq,8h, the BMI increased by 0.063 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.055-0.071], SE = 0.004). For every 1 dB(A) increase in the CNE, the BMI increased by 0.102 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.090-0.113], SE = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Occupational noise is related to the incidence of obesity. The occupational noise level and occupational noise cumulative level were shown to be positively correlated with an increase in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Li
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weile Wu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiling Chan
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lejia Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Song
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beining Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Occupational Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Lian
- Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No 9, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Jesin JA, Walton DM. Cortisol as a Marker of Pain and Distress After Acute Musculoskeletal Trauma. Clin J Pain 2024; 40:157-164. [PMID: 38168023 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The best available predictors of chronic pain development broadly encompass baseline metrics of cognition (ie, beliefs/expectations) about the trauma and resulting symptoms. In the context of musculoskeletal trauma, we have previously shown the Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale (TIDS) capable of risk-stratifying cohorts for chronic pain development. Here, we explore whether the physiological marker cortisol shows meaningful associations with cognitions predictive of pain outcomes. METHODS Data for these cross-sectional analyses were drawn from an observational study that recruited 130 participants presenting to the hospital with pain related to a recent noncatastrophic Musculoskeletal trauma. Cortisol was measured from the participant's hair, saliva, and blood. In addition to pain and distress questionnaires, metadata such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), adverse childhood events, pretrauma stress levels, and pre-existing physical/psychological comorbidities were collected. RESULTS We found no significant associations between cortisol levels and pain or distress in isolation. When stratified by person-level variables, associations were revealed with distress (TIDS) in young age and low pretrauma stress subgroups (hair cortisol) and low BMI (blood cortisol). Through hierarchical regression analysis, we found the "cortisol X age" or "cortisol X stress" interaction terms significantly improved TIDS prediction beyond either variable in isolation (Age: ∆ R2 =15.1%; pretrauma stress: ∆ R2 =9.1%). DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that while linear correlations between pain-related distress and cortisol may be overly simplistic, certain person-level variables such as age, pretrauma stress, and BMI are worthy of consideration for experimental design or confounder characterization in future studies of pain and distress following musculoskeletal injuries especially when "trait" (hair) cortisol is the predictor variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jesin
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David M Walton
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London ON, Canada
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15
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Ciężki S, Odyjewska E, Bossowski A, Głowińska-Olszewska B. Not Only Metabolic Complications of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:539. [PMID: 38398863 PMCID: PMC10892374 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity in the pediatric population requires attention to its serious complications. It turns out that in addition to typical, well-known metabolic complications, obesity as a systemic disease carries the risk of equally serious, although less obvious, non-metabolic complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, immunologic and dermatologic conditions, and mental health problems. They can affect almost all systems of the young body and also leave their mark in adulthood. In addition, obesity also contributes to the exacerbation of existing childhood diseases. As a result, children suffering from obesity may have a reduced quality of life, both physically and mentally, and their life expectancy may be shortened. It also turns out that, in the case of obese pregnant girls, the complications of obesity may also affect their unborn children. Therefore, it is extremely important to take all necessary actions to prevent the growing epidemic of obesity in the pediatric population, as well as to treat existing complications of obesity and detect them at an early stage. In summary, physicians treating a child with a systemic disease such as obesity must adopt a holistic approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ciężki
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Odyjewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
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16
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Christakoudi S, Asimakopoulos AG, Riboli E, Tsilidis KK. Links between the genetic determinants of morning plasma cortisol and body shape: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3230. [PMID: 38332183 PMCID: PMC10853188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High cortisol production in Cushing's syndrome leads to fat centralisation. The influence of modest cortisol variations on body shape, however, is less clear. We examined potentially causal associations between morning plasma cortisol and body shape and obesity with inverse-variance weighted random-effects models in a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis. We used publicly available summary statistics from the CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium, UK Biobank, and the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium. Only in women, morning plasma cortisol (proxied by ten genetic polymorphisms) was associated positively with waist size reflected in waist-to-hip index (WHI, 0.035 standard deviation (SD) units change per one SD cortisol increase; 95% confidence interval (0.002-0.067); p = 0.036) and "a body shape index" (ABSI; 0.039 (0.006-0.071); p = 0.021). There was no evidence for associations with hip index (HI) or body mass index (BMI). Among individual polymorphisms, rs7450600 stood out (chromosome 6; Long Intergenic Non-Protein-Coding RNA 473 gene, LINC00473). Morning plasma cortisol proxied by rs7450600 was associated positively with WHI and inversely with HI and BMI in women and men. Our findings support a causal association of higher morning plasma cortisol with larger waist size in women and highlight LINC00473 as a genetic link between morning plasma cortisol and body shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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17
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Dedic N, Wang L, Hajos-Korcsok E, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Roostalu U, Vickers SP, Wu S, Anacker C, Synan C, Jones PG, Milanovic S, Hopkins SC, Bristow LJ, Koblan KS. TAAR1 agonists improve glycemic control, reduce body weight and modulate neurocircuits governing energy balance and feeding. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101883. [PMID: 38237896 PMCID: PMC10839149 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic Syndrome, which can be induced or exacerbated by current antipsychotic drugs (APDs), is highly prevalent in schizophrenia patients. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that agonists at trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) have potential as a new treatment option for schizophrenia. Intriguingly, preclinical tudies have also identified TAAR1 as a novel regulator of metabolic control. Here we evaluated the effects of three TAAR1 agonists, including the clinical development candidate ulotaront, on body weight, metabolic parameters and modulation of neurocircuits implicated in homeostatic and hedonic feeding. METHODS Effects of TAAR1 agonists (ulotaront, RO5166017 and/or RO5263397) on body weight, food intake and/or metabolic parameters were investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Body weight effects were also determined in a rat and mouse model of olanzapine-, and corticosterone-induced body weight gain, respectively. Glucose tolerance was assessed in lean and diabetic db/db mice and fasting plasma glucose and insulin examined in DIO mice. Effects on gastric emptying were evaluated in lean mice and rats. Drug-induced neurocircuit modulation was evaluated in mice using whole-brain imaging of c-fos protein expression. RESULTS TAAR1 agonists improved oral glucose tolerance by inhibiting gastric emptying. Sub-chronic administration of ulotaront in rats fed a HFD produced a dose-dependent reduction in body weight, food intake and liver triglycerides compared to vehicle controls. In addition, a more rapid reversal of olanzapine-induced weight gain and food intake was observed in HFD rats switched to ulotaront or RO5263397 treatment compared to those switched to vehicle. Chronic ulotaront administration also reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in DIO mice, and normalized corticosterone-induced body weight gain in mice. TAAR1 activation increased neuronal activity in discrete homeostatic and hedonic feeding centers located in the dorsal vagal complex and hypothalamus with concurrent activation of several limbic structures. CONCLUSION The current data demonstrate that TAAR1 agonists, as a class, not only lack APD-induced metabolic liabilities but can reduce body weight and improve glycemic control in rodent models. The underlying mechanisms likely include TAAR1-mediated peripheral effects on glucose homeostasis and gastric emptying as well as central regulation of energy balance and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dedic
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.
| | - Lien Wang
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Serena Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), Columbia University, NY, New York City, USA
| | - Christoph Anacker
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), Columbia University, NY, New York City, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Zou X, Zhao W, Yao X, Wang L, Zhou L, Zhang R, Luo Y, Li M, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Cai X, Zhou X, Han X, Ji L. Adrenal limb thickness is associated with metabolism profiles in patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13479. [PMID: 37751894 PMCID: PMC10859314 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between adrenal size and metabolic profiles in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear. This study was conducted to determine whether the adrenal thickness measured by computed tomography (CT) is correlated with the metabolic profiles of patients with DM. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study including 588 Chinese hospitalized patients with DM without comorbidities or medications known to affect adrenal morphology or hormone secretion. Adrenal limb thickness was measured on unenhanced chest CT. Participants were stratified into tertiles according to their total adrenal limb thickness. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the correlations. RESULTS After adjustment for sex and age, the adrenal thickness was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The sequential equation model (SEM) suggested UFC partially mediated the effect of adrenal limb thickness on WC by 12%. Adrenal thickness, but not UFC, was associated with a higher risk of existing hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 3.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58, 9.02) and hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.03, 7.38), independent of age, gender, BMI, and WC. CONCLUSIONS The adrenal thickness is independently associated with BMI, WC, cortisol levels, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, hypertension, and dyslipidemia but not glycemic parameters in patients with diabetes. Our study encourages further studies to investigate the role of adrenal physiology in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiantong Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of RadiologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xun Yao
- Department of RadiologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lexuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - LingLi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
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19
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Gumede NAC, Khathi A. The Role of Pro-Opiomelanocortin Derivatives in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Myocardial Infarction: Possible Links with Prediabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:314. [PMID: 38397916 PMCID: PMC10887103 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major contributor to CVD-related mortality. T2DM is a risk factor for MI. Stress activates the HPA axis, SNS, and endogenous OPS. These POMC derivatives increase the blood glucose and cardiovascular response by inhibiting the PI3K/AkT insulin signaling pathway and increasing cardiac contraction. Opioids regulate the effect of the HPA axis and SNS and they are cardioprotective. The chronic activation of the stress response may lead to insulin resistance, cardiac dysfunction, and MI. Stress and T2DM, therefore, increase the risk of MI. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes. Studies have shown that prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of MI because of inflammation, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. The HPA axis is reported to be dysregulated in prediabetes. However, the SNS and the OPS have not been explored during prediabetes. The effect of prediabetes on POMC derivatives has yet to be fully explored and understood. The impact of stress and prediabetes on the cardiovascular response needs to be investigated. This study sought to review the potential impact of prediabetes on the POMC derivatives and pathways that could lead to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo Anna-Cletta Gumede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa;
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20
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Lundqvist MH, Pereira MJ, Almby K, Hetty S, Eriksson JW. Regulation of the Cortisol Axis, Glucagon, and Growth Hormone by Glucose Is Altered in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e675-e688. [PMID: 37708362 PMCID: PMC10795937 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin-antagonistic, counter-regulatory hormones have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether glucose-dependent regulation of such hormones differ in individuals with T2D, prediabetes (PD), and normoglycemia (NG). METHODS Fifty-four individuals with or without T2D underwent one hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic-hypoglycemic and one hyperglycemic clamp with repeated hormonal measurements. Participants with T2D (n = 19) were compared with a group-matched (age, sex, BMI) subset of participants without diabetes (ND, n = 17), and also with participants with PD (n = 18) and NG (n = 17). RESULTS In T2D vs ND, glucagon levels were higher and less suppressed during the hyperglycemic clamp whereas growth hormone (GH) levels were lower during hypoglycemia (P < .05). Augmented ACTH response to hypoglycemia was present in PD vs NG (P < .05), with no further elevation in T2D. In contrast, glucagon and GH alterations were more marked in T2D vs PD (P < .05).In the full cohort (n = 54), augmented responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH and attenuated responses of GH correlated with adiposity, dysglycemia, and insulin resistance. In multilinear regressions, insulin resistance was the strongest predictor of elevated hypoglycemic responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH. Conversely, fasting glucose and HbA1c were the strongest predictors of low GH levels during hypoglycemia and elevated, i.e. less suppressed glucagon levels during hyperglycemia, respectively. Notably, adiposity measures were also strongly associated with the responses above. CONCLUSIONS Altered counter-regulatory hormonal responses to glucose variations are observed at different stages of T2D development and may contribute to its progression by promoting insulin resistance and dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Lundqvist
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Weber CJ, Clay OM, Lycan RE, Anderson GK, Simoska O. Advances in electrochemical biosensor design for the detection of the stress biomarker cortisol. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:87-106. [PMID: 37989847 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of stress levels in humans has become increasingly relevant, given the recent incline of stress-related mental health disorders, lifestyle impacts, and chronic physiological diseases. Long-term exposure to stress can induce anxiety and depression, heart disease, and risky behaviors, such as drug and alcohol abuse. Biomarker molecules can be quantified in biological fluids to study human stress. Cortisol, specifically, is a hormone biomarker produced in the adrenal glands with biofluid concentrations that directly correlate to stress levels in humans. The rapid, real-time detection of cortisol is necessary for stress management and predicting the onset of psychological and physical ailments. Current methods, including mass spectrometry and immunoassays, are effective for sensitive cortisol quantification. However, these techniques provide only single measurements which pose challenges in the continuous monitoring of stress levels. Additionally, these analytical methods often require trained personnel to operate expensive instrumentation. Alternatively, low-cost electrochemical biosensors enable the real-time detection and continuous monitoring of cortisol levels while also providing adequate analytical figures of merit (e.g., sensitivity, selectivity, sensor response times, detection limits, and reproducibility) in a simple design platform. This review discusses the recent developments in electrochemical biosensor design for the detection of cortisol in human biofluids. Special emphasis is given to biosensor recognition elements, including antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and aptamers, as critical components of electrochemical biosensors for cortisol detection. Furthermore, the advantages and limiting factors of various electrochemical techniques and sensing in complex biofluid matrices are overviewed. Remarks on the current challenges and future perspectives regarding electrochemical biosensors for stress monitoring are provided, including matrix effects (pH dependence and biological interferences), wearability, and large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Olivia M Clay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Reese E Lycan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Gracie K Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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22
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Keeton VF, Hoffmann TJ, Goodwin KM, Powell B, Tupuola S, Weiss SJ. Prenatal exposure to social adversity and infant cortisol in the first year of life. Stress 2024; 27:2316042. [PMID: 38377153 PMCID: PMC11006384 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2316042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to social adversity has been associated with cortisol dysregulation during pregnancy and in later childhood; less is known about how prenatal exposure to social stressors affects postnatal cortisol of infants. In a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study, we tested whether a pregnant woman's reports of social adversity during the third trimester were associated with their infant's resting cortisol at 1, 6, and 12 months postnatal. Our hypothesis was that prenatal exposure to social adversity would be associated with elevation of infants' cortisol. Measures included prenatal survey reports of social stressors and economic hardship, and resting cortisol levels determined from infant saliva samples acquired at each postnatal timepoint. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. The final sample included 189 women and their infants (46.56% assigned female sex at birth). Prenatal economic hardship was significantly associated with infant cortisol at 6 months postnatal; reports of social stressors were not significantly associated with cortisol at any time point. Factors associated with hardship, such as psychological distress or nutritional deficiencies, may alter fetal HPA axis development, resulting in elevated infant cortisol levels. Developmental changes unique to 6 months of age may explain effects at this timepoint. More work is needed to better comprehend the complex pre- and post-natal physiologic and behavioral factors that affect infant HPA axis development and function, and the modifying role of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria F. Keeton
- Assistant Professor, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, 2570 48 St., Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, CA Preterm Birth Initiative, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Office of Research School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kalisha Moneé Goodwin
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, CA Preterm Birth Initiative, USA
| | - Bree Powell
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, CA Preterm Birth Initiative, USA
| | - Sophia Tupuola
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, CA Preterm Birth Initiative, USA
| | - Sandra J. Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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23
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Xing L, Xu J, Wei Y, Chen Y, Zhuang H, Tang W, Yu S, Zhang J, Yin G, Wang R, Zhao R, Qin D. Depression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Focusing on Pathogenesis and Treatment. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2024; 22:109-119. [PMID: 38694155 PMCID: PMC11058923 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.23021032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent gynecological endocrine conditions affecting reproductive women. It can feature a variety of symptoms, such as obesity, insulin resistance, skin conditions, and infertility. Women with PCOS are susceptible to illnesses including mood disorders, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Among them, depression is the most common in PCOS and has a detrimental effect on quality of life. Depression may occasionally develop due to the pathological traits of PCOS, but its exact pathogenesis in PCOS have eluded researchers to date. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the pathogenesis and treatments of depression in PCOS. The present review discusses the epidemiology of depression in PCOS, potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying PCOS and depression, as well as some potential factors causing depression in PCOS, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, inflammation, and infertility. Meanwhile, some common treatment strategies for depression in PCOS, such as lifestyle intervention, acupuncture, oral contraceptive pills, psychological intervention, and insulin-sensitizer, are also reviewed. To fully understand the pathogenesis and treatment of depression in PCOS, a need remains for future large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials and in-depth mechanism studies. Appeared originally in Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1001484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Xing
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Jinlong Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Yang Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Haina Zhuang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Wei Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Shun Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Junbao Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Guochen Yin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Ruirui Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Rong Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
| | - Dongdong Qin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Xing, Xu, Zhao), Department of TCM, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Kunming, China (Xu), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wei, Qin), Department of TCM, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center (Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Hainan, Hainan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Haikou, China (Chen), Department of Journal Editorial, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Zhuang), Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Tang), The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Yu, Zhang, Yin), School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China (Wang)
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24
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Kuckuck S, Lengton R, Boon MR, Boersma E, Penninx BWJH, Kavousi M, van Rossum EFC. Long-term glucocorticoids in relation to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intern Med 2024; 295:2-19. [PMID: 37926862 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The striking link of Cushing's syndrome with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) suggests that long-term exposure to extremely high cortisol levels catalyzes cardiometabolic deterioration. However, it remained unclear whether the findings from the extreme glucocorticoid overabundance observed in Cushing's syndrome could be translated into more subtle variations in long-term glucocorticoid levels among the general population, for example, due to chronic stress. Here, we performed a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023425541) of evidence regarding the role of subtle variations in long-term biological stress, measured as levels of scalp hair cortisol (HairF) and cortisone (HairE), in the context of MetS and CVD in adults. We also performed a meta-analysis on the cross-sectional difference in HairF levels between individuals with versus without CVD. Seven studies were included regarding MetS, sixteen regarding CVD, and one regarding both. Most articles indicated a strong, consistent cross-sectional association of higher HairF and HairE levels with CVD, which was confirmed by our meta-analysis for HairF (eight studies, SMD = 0.48, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.16-0.79, p = 0.0095). Moreover, these relationships appear largely independent of standard risk factors. Age seems relevant as the effect seems stronger in younger individuals. Results regarding the associations of HairF and HairE with MetS were inconsistent. Altogether, long-term biological stress, measured as HairF and HairE, is associated with the presence of CVD, and less consistently with MetS. Prospective studies need to evaluate the directionality of this relationship and determine whether HairF and HairE can be used in addition to standard risk factors in predicting future cardiometabolic deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kuckuck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Lengton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Mariani N, McLaughlin A, Lambert E, Kose M, Nikkheslat N, Patsalos O, Bogdanova A, Chamseddine G, Panagiotopoulos S, Chang A, Rubino F, Mondelli V. Disentangling the effects of depression and perceived stress on cortisol levels in individuals with obesity: Preliminary results from a cross-sectional study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106387. [PMID: 37801751 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation has been suggested to play a role in the association between depression and obesity. The study aimed to investigate differences in cortisol levels in individuals with obesity with and without depression and the role of perceived stress on these differences. METHODS Saliva samples were collected at awakening, 15-, 30- and 60-minutes post-awakening from 66 individuals with obesity (30 with major depressive disorder and 36 without major depressive disorder). Salivary cortisol was analysed using ELISA technique. Linear Mixed Models were used for group differences in cortisol awakening response (CAR) with adjustment for socio-demographic confounders and binge eating. RESULTS Individuals with obesity and depression had lower CAR compared with individuals with obesity without depression (β = -0.44; p = 0.036). When controlling for perceived stress, CAR was no longer influenced by depression (β = -0.09; p = 0.75), but individuals with moderate/high stress had lower CAR compared with those with low stress (β = -0.63; p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that differences in CAR between individuals with obesity with and without depression could be due to higher levels of perceived stress in the depressed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mariani
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Anna McLaughlin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Lambert
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melisa Kose
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naghmeh Nikkheslat
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Olivia Patsalos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ghassan Chamseddine
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes and Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Spyros Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes and Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Avril Chang
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes and Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes and Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
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26
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Volqvartz T, Andersen HHB, Pedersen LH, Larsen A. Obesity in pregnancy-Long-term effects on offspring hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and associations with placental cortisol metabolism: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4393-4422. [PMID: 37974556 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, affecting one in three pregnant women worldwide, is not only a major obstetric risk factor. The resulting low-grade inflammation may have a long-term impact on the offspring's HPA axis through dysregulation of maternal, placental and fetal corticosteroid metabolism, and children born of obese mothers have increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The long-term effects of maternal obesity on offspring neurodevelopment are, however, undetermined and could depend on the specific effects on placental and fetal cortisol metabolism. This systematic review evaluates how maternal obesity affects placental cortisol metabolism and the offspring's HPA axis. Pubmed, Embase and Scopus were searched for original studies on maternal BMI, obesity, and cortisol metabolism and transfer. Fifteen studies were included after the screening of 4556 identified records. Studies were small with heterogeneous exposures and outcomes. Two studies found that maternal obesity reduced placental HSD11β2 activity. In one study, umbilical cord blood cortisol levels were affected by maternal BMI. In three studies, an altered cortisol response was consistently seen among offspring in childhood (n = 2) or adulthood (n = 1). Maternal BMI was not associated with placental HSD11β1 or HSD11β2 mRNA expression, or placental HSD11β2 methylation. In conclusion, high maternal BMI is associated with reduced placental HSD11β2 activity and a dampened cortisol level among offspring, but the data is sparse. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether the HPA axis is affected by prenatal factors including maternal obesity and investigate if adverse effects can be ameliorated by optimising the intrauterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabia Volqvartz
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sumińska M, Podgórski R, Fichna P, Mazur A, Fichna M. Assessment of steroid enzymes action in children and adolescents with obesity. Steroids 2023; 200:109325. [PMID: 37806604 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising prevalence of obesity has become an important impulse to investigate basic mechanisms involved in regulating the energy balance. It is widely accepted that steroids are potent factors affecting glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Our study was aimed to analyze differences in the total amount of selected enzymes implicated in steroid metabolism in a group of children suffering from obesity and those with normal weight, further subdivided according to sex and pubertal stage. Data were obtained from 187 Caucasian children and adolescents, including 113 patients (63 girls, 50 boys) with obesity and 74 (34 girls, 40 boys) normal weight volunteers. Standard clinical examinations were performed in both groups. To evaluate the impact of puberty, preadolescent children and those with advanced puberty were assessed separately. Urine steroid excretion profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Children with obesity revealed several changes in in the total amount of steroid enzymes as assessed by the relevant metabolite proportions, compared to their norm weight peers. Girls showed a significant increase in the activity of 11βHSD1, while boys demonstrated a relevant elevation in 20αHSD action. Regardless of sex, children with obesity showed an increase in the activity of 5β-reductase + 3αHSD complex and a decrease in the involvement of 11βOH-lase. The effect is attenuated when consider pre- and pubertal subgroups. We hypothesize that changes in the activity levels of selected enzymes may be a compensatory mechanism to limit the glucocorticoid exposure of key target tissues as well as to improve metabolic control and reduce long-term complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sumińska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Endocrinology and Diabetes, Collegium of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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28
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Lin F, Zhang M, Wang R, Sun M, Zhang Z, Qiao Y, Zhang Z. Association between Dietary Acid Load and Hypertension in Chinese Adults: Analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009). Nutrients 2023; 15:4664. [PMID: 37960317 PMCID: PMC10647800 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Current studies show conflicting results regarding the relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) and blood pressure. (2) Methods: The study used data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009. DAL was assessed on the basis of potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). To examine the link between DAL and the risk of hypertension, a multivariate logistic regression model was utilized. (3) Results: A total of 7912 subjects were enrolled in the study, of whom 2133 participants had hypertension, a prevalence of 27.0%. After accounting for potential covariates, higher PRAL and NEAP scores were associated with a greater likelihood of developing hypertension, with ORs of 1.34 (95% CI, 1.10-1.62) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.09-1.53) for PRAL and NEAP scores in Q4, respectively, compared with Q1. In the male group, PRAL and NEAP scores were positively linked to hypertension risk, with ORs of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.06-1.67) and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.14-1.85) for PRAL and NEAP scores in Q4, respectively, compared with Q1, while no significant associations were observed in the female group. Correlations between PRAL scores and hypertension risk lacked significance in the subgroup analyses for participants aged <60 years. There was a significant nonlinear connection observed in the dose-response relationship between DAL (based on PRAL) and hypertension; (4) Conclusions: In Chinese adults, higher PRAL and NEAP scores were positively linked to hypertension risk. This implies that a diet with a low DAL may be a favorable dietary pattern for lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China;
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China;
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
- Beijing’s Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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29
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Steptoe A, Frank P. Obesity and psychological distress. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220225. [PMID: 37661745 PMCID: PMC10475872 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between high body weight and mental health has been studied for several decades. Improvements in the quality of epidemiological, mechanistic and psychological research have brought greater consistency to our understanding of the links. Large-scale population-based epidemiological research has established that high body weight is associated with poorer mental health, particularly depression and subclinical depressive symptoms. There is some evidence for bidirectional relationships, but the most convincing findings are that greater body weight leads to psychological distress rather than the reverse. Particular symptoms of depression and distress may be specifically related to greater body weight. The psychological stress induced by weight stigma and discrimination contributes to psychological distress, and may in turn handicap efforts at weight control. Heightened systemic inflammation and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are biological mechanisms that mediate in part the relationship of greater body weight with poorer mental health. Changing negative societal attitudes to high body weights would improve the wellbeing of people living with obesity, and promote more effective weight-inclusive attitudes and behaviours in society at large, particularly in healthcare settings. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E BT, UK
| | - Philipp Frank
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E BT, UK
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30
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Kühnel A, Hagenberg J, Knauer-Arloth J, Ködel M, Czisch M, Sämann PG, Binder EB, Kroemer NB. Stress-induced brain responses are associated with BMI in women. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1031. [PMID: 37821711 PMCID: PMC10567923 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with altered stress reactivity and increased inflammation. However, it is not known whether stress-induced changes in brain function scale with BMI and if such associations are driven by peripheral cytokines. Here, we investigate multimodal stress responses in a large transdiagnostic sample using predictive modeling based on spatio-temporal profiles of stress-induced changes in activation and functional connectivity. BMI is associated with increased brain responses as well as greater negative affect after stress and individual response profiles are associated with BMI in females (pperm < 0.001), but not males. Although stress-induced changes reflecting BMI are associated with baseline cortisol, there is no robust association with peripheral cytokines. To conclude, alterations in body weight and energy metabolism might scale acute brain responses to stress more strongly in females compared to males, echoing observational studies. Our findings highlight sex-dependent associations of stress with differences in endocrine markers, largely independent of peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kühnel
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany.
| | - Jonas Hagenberg
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janine Knauer-Arloth
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nils B Kroemer
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Emlaw JE, Ajibewa TA, Toledo-Corral CM, Hasson RE. Racial Discrimination and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysregulation in Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity: Does Context Matter? Psychosom Med 2023; 85:691-698. [PMID: 37506297 PMCID: PMC10543631 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In adolescents at higher risk for chronic disease, the role that context of a discriminatory event may play on cortisol dysregulation is unclear. The purpose of this study was to perform a cross-sectional analysis examining the association between racial discrimination context (peer, educational, institutional, and cumulative) and diurnal cortisol patterning in adolescents with overweight and obesity. METHODS One hundred adolescents (13-19 years; 49% non-Hispanic Black; 65% female; body mass index percentile = 93.9% [4.14%]) were included in this analysis. Racial discrimination context was measured using the self-reported Adolescent Discrimination Distress Index. Salivary cortisol, collected across 3 days at five time points during the day, was used to calculate Δ 0-30 minutes, diurnal slope, and average total diurnal cortisol area under the curve. Sixteen separate multivariable linear regression models were performed to analyze the relationship between racial discrimination and diurnal cortisol patterns. RESULTS Primary findings show that cumulative racial discrimination and peer discrimination were associated with a greater diurnal slope (cumulative: β = 0.010 ± 0.004, p = .03; peer: β = 0.023 ± 0.010, p = .026). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study identified cross-sectional associations between racial discrimination experienced among peers and diurnal cortisol patterns in adolescents with overweight/obesity. If our findings were to be confirmed in longitudinal analyses, evidence-based programs should be considered to buffer the effects of discrimination on adolescent health, and more importantly, policy makers should work to eliminate discrimination exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonel E Emlaw
- From the University of Michigan, School of Kinesiology (Emlaw, Ajibewa, Hasson), Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Health Sciences (Toledo-Corral), California State University at Northridge, Northridge, California
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32
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Knapik JJ, Farina EK, Steelman RA, Trone DW, Lieberman HR. The Medical Burden of Obesity and Overweight in the US Military: Association of BMI with Clinically Diagnosed Medical Conditions in United States Military Service Members. J Nutr 2023; 153:2951-2967. [PMID: 37619919 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high BMI is associated with various medical conditions, notably type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health disorders. In the US military, BMI increased linearly between 1975 and 2015. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between BMI and a comprehensive range of clinically diagnosed medical conditions (CDMCs) in US military service members (SMs). METHODS A stratified random sample of SMs (n=26,177) completed an online questionnaire reporting their height, weight, and demographic/lifestyle characteristics. Medical conditions for 6 mo before questionnaire completion were obtained from a comprehensive military electronic medical surveillance system and grouped into 39 CDMCs covering both broad (largely systemic) and specific medical conditions. BMI was calculated as weight/height2 (kg/m2). The prevalence of CDMCs was compared among normal weight (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) SMs. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics, higher BMI was associated with higher odds of a diagnosed medical condition in 30 of 39 CDMCs, with all 30 displaying dose-response relationships. The 5 major CDMCs with the largest odds ratios comparing obese to normal weight were endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (OR=2.67, 95%CI=2.24-3.15), nervous system diseases (odds ratio [OR]=2.59, 95%CI=2.32-2.90), circulatory system diseases (OR=2.56, 95%CI=2.15-3.06), musculoskeletal system diseases (OR=1.92, 95%CI=1.76-2.09), and mental/behavioral disorders (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.51-1.90). Compared with normal weight SMs, overweight or obese SMs had a higher number of CDMCs (1.8±1.9 vs. 2.0±2.0 and 2.5±2.3, mean ± standard deviation, respectively, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In a young, physically active population, higher BMI was associated with a host of medical conditions, even after adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics. The US Department of Defense should improve nutrition education and modify other factors that contribute to overweight and obesity. This study demonstrates that the medical burden of obesity is substantial in overweight and obese SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Knapik
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, MA, United States.
| | - Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, MA, United States
| | - Ryan A Steelman
- Clinical Public Health and Epidemiology, Defense Centers for Public Health-Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Daniel W Trone
- Deployment Health, Naval Health Research Center, CA, United States
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, MA, United States
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Landgraaf RG, Bloem MN, Fumagalli M, Benninga MA, de Lorijn F, Nieuwdorp M. Acupuncture as multi-targeted therapy for the multifactorial disease obesity: a complex neuro-endocrine-immune interplay. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236370. [PMID: 37795371 PMCID: PMC10545882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic dimensions. It is associated with multiple comorbidities and is becoming a clinical and public health threat. Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology and interplay of various systems. A strong interplay exists between the neuro-endocrine system, the immune system with systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbiome dysbiosis that can lead to the development of obesity, which in turn can exacerbate each of these factors, hence creating a vicious cycle. The conventional treatment with lifestyle modifications such as diet, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery does not always result in sufficient weight control thus paving the way for other strategies. As one such strategy, acupuncture is increasingly used worldwide to treat obesity. This narrative review outlines the evidence for this neuro-endocrine-immune interplay in the pathophysiology of obesity. Furthermore, the existing experimental and clinical evidence of acupuncture as a multi-targeted therapy for obesity is explained and future research perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Guy Landgraaf
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Nicté Bloem
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Fumagalli
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fleur de Lorijn
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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34
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Kemp JVA, Kumar V, Saleem A, Hashman G, Hussain M, Taylor VH. Examining Associations Between Women's Mental Health and Obesity. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:539-549. [PMID: 37500249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a common comorbidity associated with mental illness. It is important to understand the many ways weight gain and obesity can impact the cause and course of mental illness in women, with a special focus on vulnerable life stages. Women seem disproportionally impacted by the weight gain side effects of medications, and issues such as weight gain are more likely to impact symptoms of mental illness, impacting self-esteem. This article summarizes the existing literature on the associations between women's mental health and obesity. Understanding this association will lead to better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V A Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Matheson Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, 1D-57, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Matheson Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, 1D-57, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - April Saleem
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Sheth Lab (Floor 3), Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Hashman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Matheson Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, 1D-57, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada; Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mashael Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Matheson Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, 1D-57, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Valerie H Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Gavate ND, Shetty S, Nayak RS, K V, Narayan A, K R C. Assessment of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and cortisol levels in saliva and their correlation to cervical vertebrae maturation method in males and females at different growth stages: a clinical study. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 28:e2322277. [PMID: 37646739 PMCID: PMC10452376 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.4.e2322277.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in-vivo study was to assess the salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and cortisol levels, and their correlation to the Cervical Vertebrae Maturation method (CVM) in males and females at pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal growth stages. METHODS 48 patients (24 males, 24 females) who were to undergo routine orthodontic treatment were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then subjects were grouped according to CVM stages, using lateral cephalogram, in pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal groups. Unstimulated saliva from the selected subjects was collected. DHEAS and cortisol levels in the salivary samples were estimated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then they were compared to Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Method stages. One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was used to compare the salivary DHEAS and cortisol levels between different CVM stages in males and females. Independent Student t-test was used to compare the mean salivary DHEAS and cortisol levels between different males and females in each CVM stage. RESULT There was a progressive increase in salivary DHEAS and cortisol concentration as skeletal maturation progressed from CVM stages 1 and 2, CVM stages 3 and 4, reaching the highest value at CVM stages 5 and 6. Their levels were higher in males than females. CONCLUSION The salivary DHEAS and cortisol levels can be useful as a potential indicator of skeletal maturation, to aid in the assessment of pubertal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Dattatraya Gavate
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Smitha Shetty
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Rabindra S Nayak
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Vinay K
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Anjali Narayan
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
| | - Chaitra K R
- Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Department of Orthodontics (Bangalore/India)
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Ren Z, Su B, Du Y, Zhou T, Zheng X, Liu J. Effect modifications of BMI transition and trajectory in the associations of adverse childhood experiences with new-onset dementia and its subtypes in older US adults. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e101092. [PMID: 37622031 PMCID: PMC10445386 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dementia are associated and comorbid with obesity. However, according to emerging research, the role of obesity in the association between ACEs and dementia seems controversial. Aims This analysis aimed to explore the associations between ACEs and different dementia subtypes and the effect modification of long-term body mass index (BMI). Methods Data were obtained from the US Health and Retirement Study. Six ACEs were categorised as 0, 1 and 2 or more. All-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias were defined by self-reported or proxy-reported physician diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to explore the associations of ACEs with new-onset all-cause dementia, AD and other dementias from 2010 to 2020. Effect modification of BMI in 2010 and BMI transition and trajectory (fitted by group-based trajectory modelling) from 2004 to 2010 were assessed. Results 15 282 participants with a mean age of 67.0 years (58.0-75.0) were included in the 2010 data analysis. Significant interactions of ACEs with baseline BMI, BMI transition and BMI trajectory in their associations with new-onset all-cause dementia and AD were observed (all p<0.05). For instance, positive associations of two or more ACEs (vs none) with all-cause dementia and AD were found in those with a BMI trajectory of maintaining ≥30 kg/m2 (maintain obesity) rather than a decline to or maintaining <25 kg/m2 (decline to or maintain normal weight), with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45 to 2.42) and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.22 to 2.80), respectively. Conclusions ACEs were associated with dementia and AD in US adults with long-term abnormally elevated BMI but not with long-term normal or decreasing BMI. Integrated weight management throughout life could prevent dementia among those with childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY), Peking University, Beijing, China
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Alshaikh AA, Alqahtani AS, A AlShehri FA, Al Hadi AM, Alqahtani MMM, Alshahrani OM, Albraik MA, Alamri SA, Ghazy RM. Examining the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle Habits on Obesity Prevalence Among Male and Female Adolescent Students in Asser, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e43918. [PMID: 37746434 PMCID: PMC10512758 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the relationships between obesity and lifestyle factors is essential for the effective prevention and management of obesity in youth. This study aimed to investigate the association between sociodemographic factors, lifestyle elements such as physical activity and social stress, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi adolescents in the Aseer region. Methodology From December 2022 to March 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study using the multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. The study included Saudi male and female adolescents aged 12-19 years attending middle and high schools. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the ordinal dependent variable, classified into weight groups (normal, overweight, obese), and the independent variables. Results Of the total of 512 individuals, 90.4% were aged ≥18 years, 77.5% were males, and 76.8% were urban residents. Of the studied population, 33.6% were overweight, and 20.5% were obese. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was significantly higher among males compared to females (20.9% vs. 19.1% and 36.5% vs. 23.5%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed the following factors to be associated with obesity and overweight: female gender (2.31, 95% CI = 1.45-3.71), age 12-17 years (0.53, 95% CI = 0.28-0.97), place of delivery (Tanoma) (2.32, 95% CI = 1.13-4.75), family size of over eight members (0.43, 95% CI = 0.24-0.74), family monthly income of over 20,000 SAR (3.79, 95% CI = 1.38-11.35), being smokers (0.26, 95% CI = 1.31-2.93), experiencing social stress (1.96, 95% CI = 1.96-2.93), engagement in physical activity less than three times a week (0.49, 95% CI = 0.32-0.75), and engagement in physical activity more than three times a week (0.36, 95% CI = 0.22-0.58). Conclusions These findings emphasize the importance of addressing demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors in combating childhood and adolescent obesity through targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub A Alshaikh
- Family & Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meteb A Albraik
- Abha Health Sector, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Abha, SAU
| | - Saad A Alamri
- Public Health Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Aseer Region, Abha, SAU
| | - Ramy M Ghazy
- Tropic Health Department, High Institute of Public Health - Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
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Mazgelytė E, Valatkevičiūtė A, Songailienė J, Utkus A, Burokienė N, Karčiauskaitė D. Association of hair glucocorticoid levels with sleep quality indicators: a pilot study in apparently healthy perimenopausal and menopausal women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1186014. [PMID: 37529598 PMCID: PMC10390219 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1186014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poor sleep quality is associated with different physical and mental health diseases. It is proposed that increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity is a potential contributor affecting sleep pattern and quality. We aimed to analyze the relationship between subjective sleep quality indicators and hair glucocorticoid levels among relatively healthy perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods A total of 145 women aged 50-64 y.o. were enrolled in the cross-sectional pilot study. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while stress level was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. Hair cortisol and cortisone levels were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Statistically significant positive relationship was found between hair cortisol concentration and Pittsburgh sleep quality index score. Similarly, statistically significant positive associations were observed between hair total glucocorticoid level and Pittsburgh sleep quality index, sleep disturbance, and Perceived Stress Scale scores. Subjects with prolonged sleep latency had significantly higher hair cortisol and total hair glucocorticoid concentrations compared with individuals whose sleep latency is not disturbed. Additionally, Chi-squared test indicated that lower hair cortisol concentration was significantly related to better sleep efficiency. Conclusion Increased hair glucocorticoid (cortisol, cortisone) levels were found to be related with worse sleep quality measured by Pittsburgh sleep quality index score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Mazgelytė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Valatkevičiūtė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Songailienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Neringa Burokienė
- Clinics of Internal Diseases and Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Elsammak GA, Talaat A, Reda S. The possible ameliorative role of Lycopene on Tributyltin induced thyroid damage in adult male albino rats (histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:324-338. [PMID: 37125846 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin is used in industrial applications. This current research aimed to study the effect of Tributyltin on the thyroid gland structure and function of adult male albino rats and the protective effect of Lycopene. Twenty-one male adult albino rats were classified into three groups: Control, treated that received Tributyltin, and protective that received Lycopene with Tributyltin. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and T4, T3, and (TSH) were measured. Tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated. Thyroid gland specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Then morphometric and statistical analyses were done. The treated group showed affection in thyroid function and histological structure as vacuolated colloid and cytoplasm and dark nuclei. Ultrastructurally, follicular cells showed irregular shrunken nuclei, atrophied apical microvilli, vacuoles, multiple lysosomal granules, mitochondria with destructed cristae, and extensively dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. There was increase in Caspase-3 immunoexpression and decrease in Beclin-1 immunoexpression. The thyroid structure and biochemical markers improved after Lycopene administration. The thyroid gland damage caused by Tributyltin is ameliorated by Lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Elsammak
- Medical Histology and cell biology Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Talaat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar Reda
- Medical Histology and cell biology Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
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Li DL, Liang G, Yin ZJ, Li YZ, Zheng YJ, Qin Y, Zhang YJ, Pan CW. Associations between sleep characteristics, chronotype and body mass index among Chinese college freshmen. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:803-811. [PMID: 37154043 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2210667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that sleep problem is a behavioral risk factor of obesity. However, few research have applied a multi-dimensional approach to investigate the relationship between sleep health and adiposity. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the associations of sleep characteristics (duration, quality) and chronotype with overweight/obesity as measured by body mass index. Data were obtained from 2014 college students from the Dali University in the Yunnan province of China in the year 2021. Sleep characteristics and chronotype were measured using self-reported questionnaires. The presence of overweight/obesity was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Multiple logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline hazard models were established to examine associations between sleep characteristics, chronotype and adiposity. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and other obesity-related behavioral risk factors, evening type was positively associated with overweight/obesity, and an L-shaped dose-effect relationship was observed between chronotype scores and the presence of overweight/obesity. However, sleep duration and quality were not associated with the presence of overweight/obesity in the logistic regression models and restrictive cubic splines models. This study indicated that Chinese college students who had the evening chronotype were more likely to be affected by overweight/obesity. Chronotype as an important dimension of sleep health should be incorporated in obesity intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yue-Zu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - You-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Sumińska M, Podgórski R, Fichna P, Mazur A, Fichna M. The Impact of Obesity on the Excretion of Steroid Metabolites in Boys and Girls: A Comparison with Normal-Weight Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:1734. [PMID: 37049573 PMCID: PMC10097123 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in childhood is associated with several steroid changes, which result from excess body mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid metabolism in children with obesity compared with those with normal weight, especially in relation to sex and puberty progress. We analyzed the clinical data of 191 children, aged between 5 and 18 years, with 115 affected (64 girls and 51 boys) and 76 unaffected (35 girls and 41 boys) by obesity. Routine clinical assessment and pubertal stage evaluation based upon Tanner's scale were performed. In addition, to evaluate the impact of puberty, children with pre-adolescence and advanced puberty were divided into separate subgroups. Then, 24 h urine steroid excretion profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Significant differences in the excretion of steroid metabolites were found between normal weight children and children with obesity, especially in the prepubertal cohort. In this group, we observed enhanced activity in all the pathways of adrenal steroidogenesis. Raised excretion of mineralocorticoid derivatives such as tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone, tetrahydrocorticosterone, and 5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone supported increased activity of this track. No significant differences were detected in the excreted free forms of cortisol and cortisone, while the excretion of their characteristic tetrahydro-derivatives was different. In pre-adolescent children with obesity, α-cortol and especially α-cortolone appeared to be excreted more abundantly than β-cortol or β-cortolone. Furthermore, in children with obesity, we observed elevated androgen excretion with an enhanced backdoor pathway. As puberty progressed, remarkable reduction in the differences between adolescents with and without obesity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sumińska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Endocrinology and Diabetes, Collegium of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marta Fichna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Qin K, Bai S, Chen W, Li J, Guo VY. Association of comorbid depression and obesity with cardiometabolic multimorbidity among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: A cohort study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 107:104912. [PMID: 36565606 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of comorbid depression and obesity with the risk of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. METHODS This cohort study extracted data from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depression was confirmed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) with a cut-off score ≥10. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥28 kg/m2. Participants were categorized into four groups based on depression and obesity status at baseline, i.e., with neither condition, depression only, obesity only, and with both conditions. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more of heart diseases, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression models were established to estimate the associations. RESULTS A total of 9,308 participants without cardiometabolic multimorbidity at baseline were included (mean [SD] age, 58.8 [9.0] years; 4,449 [47.8%] were males). During four-year of follow-up, 349 (3.8%) participants developed cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Compared to participants without depression or obesity, comorbid depression and obesity was associated with greater risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (adjusted OR: 4.79, 95% CI: 3.09-7.43) than that in participants with depression alone (adjusted OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.37-2.46) or obesity alone (adjusted OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.48-3.45). The findings were consistent in different gender and age groups. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid depression and obesity was associated with excessive risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Intervention targeting at individuals with both depression and obesity might have substantial benefit in minimizing the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shigen Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Kappes C, Stein R, Körner A, Merkenschlager A, Kiess W. Stress, Stress Reduction and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:88-96. [PMID: 34469895 DOI: 10.1159/000519284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in childhood and adolescence remains a great global health challenge. Stress exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with a higher risk for obesity, yet the linkage between stress and obesity is multidimensional, and its biological and behavioral mechanisms are still not fully understood. SUMMARY In this literature review, we identified different types of stress exposure in children and adolescents, including first studied effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as a prolonged stress exposure and their association with obesity risk. We investigated studies on the connection of altered stress biology and behavioral pathways as well as intervention programs on stress reduction in children and adolescents with obesity. KEY MESSAGES There is evidence that stress exposure in childhood and adolescence promotes biological and behavioral alterations that contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis of obesity. COVID-19 related-stress presents the most current example of a negative influence on weight development in children and adolescents. However, longitudinal studies on the linkage between environmental, behavioral, and biological factors across development are few, and results are partly equivocal. Intervention programs to reduce stress in children through mindfulness might be a promising adjunctive tool in the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity that could further offer proof of concept of theoretically elaborated cause-and-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kappes
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Merkenschlager
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Suwannakul B, Sangkarit N, Manoy P, Amput P, Tapanya W. Association between Stress and Physical Fitness of University Students Post-COVID-19 Pandemic. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8010033. [PMID: 36976130 PMCID: PMC10052582 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 pandemic, most universities changed their educational model from online courses to onsite learning, allowing students to attend regular face-to-face classes. These changes can cause stress in students, which affects physical fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress levels and physical fitness in female university students. The participants were 101 female university students, 18-23 years of age. All participants completed the Suan Prung Stress Test-60 (SPST-60). The physical fitness test included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as musculoskeletal fitness. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations between SPST-60 scores and physical fitness. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found a negative correlation between the sources of stress scores, here environment, and maximal oxygen consumption (β = -0.291; 95% CI, -0.551, -0.031). We also found that symptoms of stress scores in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems were positively associated with waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) (β = 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.017 and β = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.000, 0.012, respectively). Moreover, the symptoms of stress, here emotion, were positively associated with the WHR (β = 0.005; 95 %CI, 0.001, 0.009) and negatively associated with upper extremity muscle strength (β = -0.005; 95% CI, -0.009, 0.000). The results of this study confirmed the associations between stress levels in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era and WHR, maximal oxygen consumption, and upper extremity muscle strength. As a result, stress reduction or prevention alternatives should be considered in order to maintain physical fitness and prevent stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonsita Suwannakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Noppharath Sangkarit
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence of Human Performance and Rehabilitations, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Pacharee Manoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Patchareeya Amput
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence of Human Performance and Rehabilitations, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Tapanya
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence of Human Performance and Rehabilitations, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Lochner RH, Delfin L, Nezami BG, Cohen ML, Asa SL, Burguera B, Couce ME. Severe Obesity Associated with Pituitary Corticotroph Hyperplasia and Neoplasia:. Endocr Pract 2023:S1530-891X(23)00345-2. [PMID: 37004872 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.03.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with hypercortisolism. The incidence of corticotroph hyperplasia or lymphocyte infiltration in the pituitary of patients with obesity is unknown. METHODS Pituitary and adrenal glands from 161 adult autopsies performed between 2010 and 2019 at our institution were reviewed. Clinical history, body mass index, and cause of death were recorded Routine hematoxylin & eosin, reticulin and immunohistochemical stains for ACTH, CD3, and CD20 were done. Results were analyzed using Fisher and Chi-square statistics.Decedents were separated into 4 groups based on BMI (kg/m2): Lean (BMI <25.0), Overweight (BMI of 25.0 to 29.9), Obesity Class I (BMI of 30.0 to 34.9), and Obesity Class II-III (BMI > 34.9). RESULTS Corticotroph hyperplasia/neoplasia was identified in 44 of 161 pituitary glands. 4 of 53 (9.1%) lean patients had pituitary lesions whereas 27.3% (12) of overweight, 22.7% (10) of obesity class I and 40.9% (18) of obesity class II patients had hyperplasia (p < 0.0001). Small corticotroph tumors were identified in 15 patients; only one was a lean patient and the tumor was associated with Crooke's hyaline change of nontumorous corticotrophs. The presence of corticotroph hyperplasia and neoplasia was associated with adrenal cortical hyperplasia and lipid depletion. Microscopic foci of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were identified in pituitaries of patients within each weight category; no independent association between BMI and lymphocytic inflammation was found. CONCLUSION Our data indicate an association between corticotroph hyperplasia/neoplasia and obesity. It remains unclear whether obesity is the cause or effect of ACTH and cortisol excess.
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Tüfekci KK, Bakirhan EG, Terzi F. A Maternal High-Fat Diet Causes Anxiety-Related Behaviors by Altering Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor and Hippocampal Volumes in Rat Offspring: the Potential Effect of N-Acetylcysteine. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1499-1514. [PMID: 36502431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The children of obese mothers are known to have a high risk of obesity and metabolic disease and are prone to developing cognitive deficits, although the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study investigated the relationship between neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) and anxiety-like behaviors in the hippocampi of male rat offspring exposed to maternal obesity and the potential neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A maternal obesity model was created using a high-fat (60% k/cal) diet. NAC (150 mg/kg) was administered by intragastric gavage for 25 days in both the NAC and obesity + NAC (ObNAC) groups. All male rat offspring were subjected to behavioral testing on postnatal day 28, the end of the experiment. Stereological analysis was performed on hippocampal sections, while NPY1R expression was determined using immunohistochemical methods. Stereological data indicated significant decreases in the total volume of the hippocampus and CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions in the obese (Ob) group (p < 0.01). Decreased NPY1R expression was observed in the Ob group hippocampus (p < 0.01). At behavioral assessments, the Ob group rats exhibited increased anxiety and less social interaction, although the ObNAC group rats exhibited stronger responses than the Ob group (p < 0.01). The study results show that NAC attenuated anxiety-like behaviors and NPY1R expression and also protected hippocampal volume against maternal obesity. The findings indicate that a decrease in NPY1R-positive neurons in the hippocampus of male rats due to maternal conditions may be associated with increased levels of anxiety and a lower hippocampal volume. Additionally, although there is no direct evidence, maintenance of NPY1R expression by NAC may be critical for regulating maternal obesity-induced anxiety-related behaviors and hippocampal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Elfide Gizem Bakirhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Funda Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Vahedi L, Orjuela-Grimm M, Bhatt-Carreno S, Meyer SR. Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281961. [PMID: 36795761 PMCID: PMC9934406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging evidence base has explored the nutritional consequences of gender-based violence (GBV) perpetrated against girls during childhood/adolescence. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment of quantitative studies describing associations between GBV and girls' nutrition. METHODS We adapted systematic review methods and included empirical, peer-reviewed studies, published after 2000 (until November, 2022), that were written in Spanish or English and reported quantitative associations between girls' exposure to GBV and nutrition outcomes. A variety of GBV forms were considered: childhood sexual abuse (CSA), child marriage, preferential feeding of boys, sexual IPV and dating violence. Nutrition outcomes included anemia, underweight, overweight, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, meal frequency, and dietary diversity. RESULTS In total, 18 studies were included, 13 of which were conducted in high-income countries. Most sources utilized longitudinal or cross-sectional data to quantify associations between CSA, sexual assault, and intimate partner/dating violence and elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity. Findings suggest that CSA perpetrated by parents/caregivers is associated with elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity via cortisol reactivity and depression; this relationship may be compounded by additional intimate partner/dating violence in adolescence. The effects of sexual violence on BMI are likely to emerge during a sensitive period of development between late adolescence and young adulthood. Emerging evidence was found regarding the relationship between child marriage (and the related exposure: age at first pregnancy) and undernutrition. The association between sexual abuse and reduced height and leg length was inconclusive. CONCLUSION Given that only 18 studies were included, the relationship between girls' direct exposure to GBV and malnutrition has received little empirical attention, especially with respect to studies conducted in LMIC and fragile settings. Most studies focused on CSA and overweight/obesity, where significant associations were found. Future research should test the moderation and mediation effects of intermediary variables (depression, PTSD, cortisol reactivity, impulsivity, emotional eating) and consider sensitive periods of development. Research should also explore the nutritional consequences of child marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luissa Vahedi
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Manuela Orjuela-Grimm
- Department of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Silvia Bhatt-Carreno
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Rachel Meyer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Marciniak M, Sato M, Rutkowski R, Zawada A, Juchacz A, Mahadea D, Grzymisławski M, Dobrowolska A, Kawka E, Korybalska K, Bręborowicz A, Witowski J, Kanikowska D. Effect of the one-day fasting on cortisol and DHEA daily rhythm regarding sex, chronotype, and age among obese adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078508. [PMID: 36814510 PMCID: PMC9940638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physiological and biochemical processes in the human body occur in a specific order and show rhythmic variability. Time dependence characterizes the secretion of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). One-day fasting implies alternating fasting days and eating days. The study aimed to determine how 24-h fasting affects the daily rhythm of cortisol and DHEA levels in obese people while taking into account gender and chronotype. Methods Forty-nine obese patients (BMI 32.2-67.1 kg/m2; 25 women and 24 men) underwent a 3-week hospital-controlled calorie restriction diet to reduce body weight. During hospitalization, patients fasted for 1 day, during which only water could be consumed. Samples of whole mixed unstimulated saliva were collected at 2-3-h intervals over a 64-h period and analyzed for cortisol and DHEA by immunoassays. The individual chronotypes were assessed by the morning and evening questionnaire, according to Horne and Östberg. Three components of daily rhythm were evaluated: amplitude, acrophase, and the so-called MESOR. Results Cortisol rhythm showed differences in amplitude (p = 0.0127) and acrophase (p = 0.0005). The amplitude on the fasting day was 11% higher (p = 0.224) than the day after. The acrophase advanced on the day of fasting, 48 min earlier than the day before (p = 0.0064), and by 39 min to the day after fasting (p = 0.0005). In the rhythm of DHEA, differences were found in the MESOR (p = 0.0381). The MESOR on the fasting day increased. Discussion Our results obtained during 64 consecutive hours of saliva sampling suggest that one-day fasting may affect three components of cortisol and DHEA daily rhythm. Additionally, no differences were found in the daily rhythm between the morning and evening chronotypes and between females and males. Although aging did not influence daily cortisol rhythm, DHEA amplitude, MESOR, and acrophase changed with age. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of changes in DHEA rhythm during one-day fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Marciniak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maki Sato
- Institutional Research, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Rafał Rutkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aldona Juchacz
- Greater Poland Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery of Eugenia and Janusz Zeyland, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mahadea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marian Grzymisławski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Korybalska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Collegium Medicum, Zielona Góra University, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Kanikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,*Correspondence: Dominika Kanikowska,
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Chaplin AB, Daniels NF, Ples D, Anderson RZ, Gregory-Jones A, Jones PB, Khandaker GM. Longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk factors and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1049-1059. [PMID: 34167604 PMCID: PMC9975997 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and serious mental illness that begins early in life. An association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subsequent depression is clear in adults. We examined associations between individual CVD risk factors and depression in young people. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from inception to 1 January 2020. We extracted data from cohort studies assessing the longitudinal association between CVD risk factors [body mass index (BMI), smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein] and depression, measured using a validated tool in individuals with mean age of 24 years or younger. Random effect meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates from individual studies, including odds ratio (OR) for depression and standardised mean difference for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Based on meta-analysis of seven studies, comprising 15 753 participants, high BMI was associated with subsequent depression [pooled OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.14; I2 = 31%]. Based on meta-analysis of eight studies, comprising 30 539 participants, smoking was associated with subsequent depression (pooled OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36-2.20; I2 = 74%). Low, but not high, SBP was associated with an increased risk of depression (pooled OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.68-6.55; I2 = 0%), although this was based on a small pooled high-risk sample of 893 participants. Generalisability may be limited as most studies were based in North America or Europe. CONCLUSIONS Targeting childhood/adolescent smoking and obesity may be important for the prevention of both CVD and depression across the lifespan. Further research on other CVD risk factors including blood pressure and cholesterol in young people is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Chaplin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diana Ples
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Z. Anderson
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Golam M. Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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50
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The effect of acute exercise on the cortisol awakening response. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1027-1039. [PMID: 36629945 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acute exercise on the cortisol awakening response (CAR), characterized by the rapid increase in cortisol concentrations within the 30-45 min following sleep offset has yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, our study investigated the effects of late-evening acute exercise on the CAR the following morning. We hypothesized that exercise would have a significant effect on the CAR the following morning. Twelve participants (mean (SD): age = 23 (4) years; mass = 76.8 (8.7) kg; height = 175.6 (5.0) cm; [Formula: see text]O2max = 48.9 (7.5) ml.kg-1.min-1) reported to the laboratory in the evening (1800 h) on two occasions and were randomly assigned to either exercise for one hour (70-75% of maximal power output) or rest condition. Blood and saliva samples were assayed for cortisol. Mixed-effects models determined the effect of exercise on the cortisol response post-waking in both blood and saliva. Participants demonstrated an average exercise-induced increase in circulating cortisol of 477.3%, with actual mean (SD) heart rate relative to maximum of 87.04% (6.14%). Model results demonstrated a negative effect for exercise condition when modeling the serum and salivary cortisol responses to awakening via a quadratic growth model (serum, βCondition = - 42.26 [95% CI - 64.52 to - 20.01], p < 0.001; saliva, βCondition = - 11.55 [95% CI - 15.52 to - 7.57], p < 0.001). These results suggest that cortisol concentrations in saliva and blood are significantly lower the morning following a prior evening exercise session. Therefore, the CAR may serve as a useful biomarker to monitor responses to exercise training, although the underlying mechanism for these decreases in the CAR should be investigated further.
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