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Hu S, Feng W, Shen Y, Jin X, Miao Y, Hou S, Cui H, Zhu H. Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172296. [PMID: 38588732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are pivotal for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. The impact of plant species and diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CWs requires a more comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, controversial perspectives persist about whether CWs function as carbon sinks or sources. In this study, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, Typhae latifolia, Acorus calamus, and the mixture of these three species were constructed to evaluate pollutant removal efficiencies and GHG emissions, and estimate carbon budgets. Polyculture CWs can stably remove COD (86.79 %), NH4+-N (97.41 %), NO3--N (98.55 %), and TP (98.48 %). They also mitigated global warming potential (GWP) by suppressing N2O emissions compared with monoculture CWs. The highest abundance of the Pseudogulbenkiania genus, crucial for denitrification, was observed in polyculture CWs, indicating that denitrification dominated in nitrogen removal. While the highest nosZ copy numbers were observed in CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, suggesting its facilitation of denitrification-related microbes. Selecting Cyperus alternifolius to increase species diversity is proposed for simultaneously maintaining the water purification capacity and reducing GHG emissions. Carbon budget estimations revealed that all four types of HSSF CWs were carbon sinks after six months of operation, with carbon accumulation capacity of 4.90 ± 1.50 (Cyperus alternifolius), 3.31 ± 2.01 (Typhae latifola), 1.78 ± 1.30 (Acorus calamus), and 2.12 ± 0.88 (polyculture) kg C/m2/yr. This study implies that under these operation conditions, CWs function as carbon sinks rather than sources, aligning with carbon peak and neutrality objectives and presenting significant potential for carbon reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Weidong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yaqin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China.
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2
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Zhao S, Zheng Q, Wang H, Fan X. Nitrogen in landfills: Sources, environmental impacts and novel treatment approaches. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171725. [PMID: 38492604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) accumulation in landfills is a pressing environmental concern due to its diverse sources and significant environmental impacts. However, there is relatively limited attention and research focus on N in landfills as it is overshadowed by other more prominent pollutants. This study comprehensively examines the sources of N in landfills, including food waste contributing to 390 million tons of N annually, industrial discharges, and sewage treatment plant effluents. The environmental impacts of N in landfills are primarily manifested in N2O emissions and leachate with high N concentrations. To address these challenges, this study presents various mitigation and management strategies, including N2O reduction measures and novel NH4+ removal techniques, such as electrochemical technologies, membrane separation processes, algae-based process, and other advanced oxidation processes. However, a more in-depth understanding of the complexities of N cycling in landfills is required, due to the lack of long-term monitoring data and the presence of intricate interactions and feedback mechanisms. To ultimately achieve optimized N management and minimized adverse environmental impacts in landfill settings, future prospects should emphasize advancements in monitoring and modeling technologies, enhanced understanding of microbial ecology, implementation of circular economy principles, application of innovative treatment technologies, and comprehensive landfill design and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiteng Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Wang J, Li Z, Xiong P, Li Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Liu X, Lee DJ, Qian X. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from closed activated sludge- to aerobic granular sludge-based biosystems via gas circulation. Bioresour Technol 2024:130748. [PMID: 38677387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from biological treatment units are challenging wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to their wide applications and global warming. This study aimed to reduce GHG emissions (especially N2O) using a gas circulation strategy in a closed sequencing-batch reactor when the biological unit varies from activated sludge (AS) to aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Results show that gas circulation lowers pH to 6.3 ± 0.2, facilitating regular granules but elevating total N2O production. From AS to AGS, N2O emission factor increased (0.07---0.86 %) due to decreasing ammonia-oxidizing rates while the emissions of CO2 (0.3 ± 0.1 kg-CO2/kg-chemical oxygen demand) and CH4 remained in the closed biosystem. The gas circulation decreased N2O emission factor by 63 ± 15 % after granulation higher than 44 ± 34 % before granulation, which is implemented by heterotrophic denitrification. This study provides a feasible strategy to enhance heterotrophic N2O elimination in the biological WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zejiao Li
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Pengyu Xiong
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyong Qian
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Choudhury AR, Singh N, Lalwani J, Rao MG, Konyala BP, Nadella C, Nayakwadi A, Palani SG. A comparative assessment of biomethane potential of fresh fecal matter and fecal sludge and its correlation with malodor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33289-8. [PMID: 38625464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive and proper management of fecal sludge (FS) is an ongoing concern in many nations. Decentralized fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) are effective in this regard; however, many have experienced strong public opposition based partly on suspicion of malodor. Fecal sludge and freshly generated fecal matter (FM) samples from various FSTPs were collected, characterized, and investigated for biomethane potential. The homogenized samples were anaerobically digested for 28 days. Digestion successfully reduced total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and threshold odor number values of 97,350-97,420 mg/l, 43,230-43,260 mg/l, and 130-150 for FM, to 49,500-49,650 mg/l, 23,760-23,850 mg/l, and 3338, respectively, for FS samples. The comprehensive gas yield from Bhongir, Boduppal, and Shadnagar FS samples was 40, 55, and 31 ml, respectively. In contrast, cumulative gas generation from the FM was 26,361 ml. Digestion of FS samples also reduced concentrations of volatile solids and coliforms by 66-72% and 99%, respectively. Characterization of gas samples revealed methane and carbon dioxide concentrations as 56% and 22% for FM, and 0.4% and 61% for FS samples, respectively. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas were absent in FS samples, dispelling common societal misconceptions of FSTPs being associated with malodor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atun Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamshabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Chadwick's FSM Laboratory, Banka BioLoo Limited, Shed No- 37, Industrial Development Area, Mallapur, 500076, Secunderabad, India
| | - Jitesh Lalwani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Kacharam, Shamshabad, 501218, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Goriparthi Rao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, 500075, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Konyala
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Kacharam, Shamshabad, 501218, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chiradeep Nadella
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Kacharam, Shamshabad, 501218, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Nayakwadi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Kacharam, Shamshabad, 501218, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sankar Ganesh Palani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamshabad, 500078, Telangana, India.
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5
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Isokpehi RD, Kim Y, Krejci SE, Trivedi VD. Ecological Trait-Based Digital Categorization of Microbial Genomes for Denitrification Potential. Microorganisms 2024; 12:791. [PMID: 38674735 PMCID: PMC11052009 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms encode proteins that function in the transformations of useful and harmful nitrogenous compounds in the global nitrogen cycle. The major transformations in the nitrogen cycle are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and ammonification. The focus of this report is the complex biogeochemical process of denitrification, which, in the complete form, consists of a series of four enzyme-catalyzed reduction reactions that transforms nitrate to nitrogen gas. Denitrification is a microbial strain-level ecological trait (characteristic), and denitrification potential (functional performance) can be inferred from trait rules that rely on the presence or absence of genes for denitrifying enzymes in microbial genomes. Despite the global significance of denitrification and associated large-scale genomic and scholarly data sources, there is lack of datasets and interactive computational tools for investigating microbial genomes according to denitrification trait rules. Therefore, our goal is to categorize archaeal and bacterial genomes by denitrification potential based on denitrification traits defined by rules of enzyme involvement in the denitrification reduction steps. We report the integration of datasets on genome, taxonomic lineage, ecosystem, and denitrifying enzymes to provide data investigations context for the denitrification potential of microbial strains. We constructed an ecosystem and taxonomic annotated denitrification potential dataset of 62,624 microbial genomes (866 archaea and 61,758 bacteria) that encode at least one of the twelve denitrifying enzymes in the four-step canonical denitrification pathway. Our four-digit binary-coding scheme categorized the microbial genomes to one of sixteen denitrification traits including complete denitrification traits assigned to 3280 genomes from 260 bacteria genera. The bacterial strains with complete denitrification potential pattern included Arcobacteraceae strains isolated or detected in diverse ecosystems including aquatic, human, plant, and Mollusca (shellfish). The dataset on microbial denitrification potential and associated interactive data investigations tools can serve as research resources for understanding the biochemical, molecular, and physiological aspects of microbial denitrification, among others. The microbial denitrification data resources produced in our research can also be useful for identifying microbial strains for synthetic denitrifying communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yungkul Kim
- Oyster Microbiome Project, College of Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA; (S.E.K.); (V.D.T.)
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Shang Z, Cai C, Guo Y, Huang X, Peng K, Guo R, Wei Z, Wu C, Cheng S, Liao Y, Hung CY, Liu J. Direct and indirect monitoring methods for nitrous oxide emissions in full-scale wastewater treatment plants: A critical review. J Environ Manage 2024; 358:120842. [PMID: 38599092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has become an irreversible trend to adapt the climate change. Monitoring of N2O emissions plays a fundamental role in understanding and mitigating N2O emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of direct and indirect N2O monitoring methods. The techniques, strengths, limitations, and applicable scenarios of various methods are discussed. We conclude that the floating chamber technique is suitable for capturing and interpreting the spatiotemporal variability of real-time N2O emissions, due to its long-term in-situ monitoring capability and high data acquisition frequency. The monitoring duration, location, and frequency should be emphasized to guarantee the accuracy and comparability of acquired data. Calculation by default emission factors (EFs) is efficient when there is a need for ambiguous historical N2O emission accounts of national-scale or regional-scale WWTPs. Using process-specific EFs is beneficial in promoting mitigation pathways that are primarily focused on low-emission process upgrades. Machine learning models exhibit exemplary performance in the prediction of N2O emissions. Integrating mechanistic models with machine learning models can improve their explanatory power and sharpen their predictive precision. The implementation of the synergy of nutrient removal and N2O mitigation strategies necessitates the calibration and validation of multi-path mechanistic models, supported by long-term continuous direct monitoring campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Shang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chen Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Yanli Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Kaiming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ru Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Fuzhou Water Group Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Chenyuan Wu
- Fuzhou Water Group Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Shunjian Cheng
- Fuzhou City Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Youxiang Liao
- Fuzhou City Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Chih-Yu Hung
- Environment and Climate Change, 351 Saint-Joseph Blvd., 9th Floor. Gatineau, Quebec, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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Oba K, Yasuda S, Terada A. Complete genome sequence of Afipia carboxidovorans strain SH125, a non-denitrifying nitrous oxide-reducing bacterium isolated from anammox biomass. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0127923. [PMID: 38385666 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01279-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a genome sequence of Afipia carboxidovorans strain SH125 isolated from an anammox reactor. This facultative anaerobic strain possesses the clade I-type nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase gene, devoid of nitrite- and nitric oxide reductase genes. Deciphering the genome will help explore N2O reducers instrumental in N2O mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Oba
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yasuda
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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An Z, Gao X, Shao B, Zhang Q, Ding J, Peng Y. Synchronous Achievement of Advanced Nitrogen Removal and N 2O Reduction in the Anoxic Zone in the AOA Process for Low C/N Municipal Wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2335-2345. [PMID: 38271692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Continuous flow processes for the in situ determination of N2O emissions during low C/N municipal wastewater treatment have rarely been reported. The anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) process has recently shown promising potential in energy savings and advanced nitrogen removal, but it still needs to be comprehensively explored in relation to N2O emissions for its carbon reduction advantages. In this study, a novel gas-collecting continuous flow reactor was designed to comprehensively evaluate the emissions of N2O from the gas and liquid phases of the AOA process. Additionally, the measures of enhancing endogenous denitrification (ED) and self-enriching anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) were employed to optimize nitrogen removal and achieve N2O reduction in the anoxic zone. The results showed that enhanced ED coupled with Anammox led to an increase in the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) from 67.65 to 81.96%, an enhancement of the NO3- removal rate from 1.76 mgN/(L h) to 3.99 mgN/(L h), and the N2O emission factor in the anoxic zone decreased from 0.28 to 0.06%. Impressively, ED eliminated 91.46 ± 2.47% of the dissolved N2O from the upstream aerobic zone, and the dissolved N2O in the effluent was reduced to less than 0.01 mg/L. This study provides valuable strategies for fully evaluating N2O emissions and N2O reduction from the AOA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xinjie Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Baishuo Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jing Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Uri-Carreño N, Nielsen PH, Gernaey KV, Domingo-Félez C, Flores-Alsina X. Nitrous oxide emissions from two full-scale membrane-aerated biofilm reactors. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168030. [PMID: 37890634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The upcoming change of legislation in some European countries where wastewater treatment facilities will start to be taxed based on direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will force water utilities to take a closer look at nitrous oxide (N2O) production. In this study, we report for the first time N2O emissions from two full-scale size membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR) (R1, R2) from two different manufacturers treating municipal wastewater. N2O was monitored continuously for 12 months in both the MABR exhaust gas and liquid phase. Multivariate analysis was used to assess process performance. Results show that emission factors (EFN2O) for both R1 and R2 (0.88 ± 1.28 and 0.82 ± 0.86 %) were very similar to each other and below the standard value from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2019 (1.6 %). More specifically, N2O was predominantly emitted in the MABR exhaust gas (NTRexh) and was strongly correlated to the ammonia/um load (NHx,load). Nevertheless, the implemented Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) control strategy increased the bulk contribution (NTRbulk), impacting the overall EFN2O. A thorough analysis of dynamic data reveals that the changes in the external aeration (EA)/loading rate patterns suggested by ORP control substantially impacted N2O mass transfer and biological production processes. It also suggests that NTRexh is mainly caused by ammonia-oxidizing organisms (AOO) activity, while ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO) are responsible for NTRbulk. Different methods for calculating EFN2O were compared, and results showed EFN2O would range from 0.6 to 5.5 depending on the assumptions made. Based on existing literature, a strong correlation between EFN2O and nitrogen loading rate (R2 = 0.73) was found for different technologies. Overall, an average EFN2O of 0.86 % N2O-N per N load was found with a nitrogen loading rate >200 g N m-3 d-1, which supports the hypothesis that MABR technology can achieve intensified biological nutrient removal without increasing N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Uri-Carreño
- Vandcenter Syd A/S, Vandværksvej 7, Odense 5000, Denmark; Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Vandcenter Syd A/S, Vandværksvej 7, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Carlos Domingo-Félez
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Xavier Flores-Alsina
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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Tang M, Du R, Cao S, Berry M, Peng Y. Tracing and utilizing nitrogen loss in wastewater treatment: The trade-off between performance improvement, energy saving, and carbon footprint reduction. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119525. [PMID: 37948961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal is widely applied to reduce the discharge of inorganic nitrogen and mitigate the eutrophication of receiving water. However, nitrogen loss is frequently observed in wastewater treatment systems, yet the underlying principle and potential enlightenment is still lacking a comprehensive discussion. With the development and application of novel biological technologies, there are increasing achievement in the deep understanding and mechanisms of nitrogen loss processes. This article reviews the potential and novel pathways of nitrogen loss, occurrence mechanisms, influential factors, and control strategies. A survey of recent literature showed that 3%∼73% of nitrogen loss beyond the nitrogen budget can be ascribed to the unintentional presence of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, partial nitrification/anammox, and endogenous denitrification processes, under low dissolved oxygen (DO) and limited available organic carbon source at aerobic conditions. Key influential parameters, including DO, aeration strategies, solid retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature and pH, significantly affect both the potential pathways of nitrogen loss and its quantitative contribution. Notably, the widespread and spontaneous growth of anammox bacteria is an important reason for ammonia escape at anaerobic/anoxic conditions, leading to 7%∼78% of nitrogen loss through anammox pathway. Moreover, the unwanted nitrous oxide (N2O) emission should also be considered as a key pathway in nitrogen loss. Future development of new nitrogen removal technologies is proposed to suppress the generation of harmful nitrogen losses and reduce the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment by controlling key influential parameters. Transforming "unintentional observation" to "intentional action" as high-efficiency and energy-efficient nitrogen removal process provides a new approach for the development of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Shenbin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Maxence Berry
- Department of Process Engineering and Bioprocesses, Polytech Nantes, Campus of Gavy, Saint-Nazaire, 44603, France
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
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11
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An Z, Zhang Q, Gao X, Ding J, Shao B, Peng Y. Nitrous oxide emissions in novel wastewater treatment processes: A comprehensive review. Bioresour Technol 2024; 391:129950. [PMID: 37926354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of novel wastewater treatment processes has marked recent years, becoming particularly pertinent in light of the strive for carbon neutrality. One area of growing attention within this context is nitrous oxide (N2O) production and emission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research progress on N2O emissions associated with novel wastewater treatment processes, including Anammox, Partial Nitrification, Partial Denitrification, Comammox, Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal, Sulfur-driven Autotrophic Denitrification and n-DAMO. The advantages and challenges of these processes are thoroughly examined, and various mitigation strategies are proposed. An interesting angle that delve into is the potential of endogenous denitrification to act as an N2O sink. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential applications and rationale for novel Anammox-based processes to reduce N2O emissions. The aim is to inform future technology research in this area. Overall, this review aims to shed light on these emerging technologies while encouraging further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xinjie Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jing Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Baishuo Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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12
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Ding Z, Zhang L, Xu Z, Xu H, Zheng F, Fu N, Wang L, An M. Isolation of a marine-derived yeast with potential applications in industrial nitrite utilizing. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38178894 PMCID: PMC10761651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The nitrite efficient utilization microorganism Wickerhamomyces anomalus RZWP01 was identified. Using nitrite and ammonium as the sole nitrogen source, the nitrogen removal rate of W. anomalus RZWP01 was 97.4% and 87.1%, respectively. W. anomalus RZWP01 grew well in the nitrite medium with glucose or xylose as the only carbon source. However, the W. anomalus RZWP01 cannot live on the nitrite medium with lactose, citric acid, and methanol as the only carbon source. The maximal cell concentration occurred in the nitrite medium with glucose as the only carbon source at a C/N ratio of 20 for 48 h, reaching 8.92 × 108 cell mL-1. W. anomalus RZWP01 was the first reported yeast that can efficiently utilize nitrite. The isolation and identification of W. anomalus RZWP01 enriched the microbial resources of nitrite-degrading microorganisms and provided functional microorganisms for the water treatment of sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ding
- Department of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic, Rizhao, 276826 Shandong China
- Joint Research and Development Centre of Biotechnology, RETAD, Rizhao, 276826 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Joint Research and Development Centre of Biotechnology, RETAD, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- Department of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic, Rizhao, 276826 Shandong China
| | - Hongli Xu
- Joint Research and Development Centre of Biotechnology, RETAD, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Faxin Zheng
- Department of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic, Rizhao, 276826 Shandong China
| | - Ning Fu
- Department of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic, Rizhao, 276826 Shandong China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Meiling An
- Department of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic, Rizhao, 276826 Shandong China
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13
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Zhao Q, Zhang L, Li J, Jia T, Deng L, Liu Q, Sui J, Zhang Q, Peng Y. Carbon-Restricted Anoxic Zone as an Overlooked Anammox Hotspot in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21767-21778. [PMID: 38096549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The anoxic zone serves as the core functional unit in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs). Unfortunately, in most cases, the downstream range of the anoxic zone is severely lacking in available organic carbon and thus contributes little to the removal of nutrients. This undesirable range is termed the "carbon-restricted anoxic zone", representing an insurmountable drawback for traditional MWWTPs. This study uncovers a previously overlooked role for the carbon-restricted anoxic zone: a hotspot for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). In a continuous-flow pilot-scale plant treating municipal wastewater (55 m3/d), virgin biocarriers were introduced into the carbon-restricted anoxic zone (downstream 25% of the anoxic zone with BOD5 of 5.9 ± 2.3 mg/L). During the 517-day monitoring, anammox bacteria highly self-enriched within the biofilms, with absolute and relative abundance reaching up to (9.4 ± 0.1) × 109 copies/g-VSS and 6.17% (Candidatus Brocadia), respectively. 15N isotopic tracing confirmed that anammox overwhelmingly dominated nitrogen metabolism, responsible for 92.5% of nitrogen removal. Following this upgrade, the contribution ratio of the carbon-restricted anoxic zone to total nitrogen removal increased from 9.2 ± 4.1% to 19.2 ± 4.2% (P < 0.001), while its N2O emission flux decreased by 84.5% (P < 0.001). These findings challenge stereotypes about the carbon-restricted anoxic zone and highlight the multiple environmental implications of this newfound anammox hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Tipei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liyan Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jun Sui
- Guangdong Shouhui Lantian Engineering and Technology Co. Ltd, Guangdong 510075, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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14
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Mannina G, Mineo A. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from fermentation of domestic sewage sludge monitoring greenhouse gas emissions: A pilot plant case study at the WRRF of Palermo University (Italy). J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119423. [PMID: 37871545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from sewage sludge. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were monitored for the first time to assess the impact of climate change and environmental sustainability. The pilot plant was composed of a fermenter with a membrane and two biological reactors (namely, selection and accumulation). Results showed that despite a low organic loading rate (namely, 0.06 kg BOD kg SS-1 day-1), a good PHA yield was obtained (namely, 0.37 g PHA/g volatile fatty acids), confirming that sewage sludge can be a suitable feedstock. GHG emissions were 3.85E-04 g CO2eq/g and 32.40 g CO2eq/g, direct and indirect, respectively. Results provided valuable insights in view of finding a trade-off between PHA production and GHG emissions to prove the PHA production process as an effective solution for biosolids disposal at a low carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Mineo
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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15
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He Y, Liu Y, Li X, Zhu T, Liu Y. Unveiling the roles of biofilm in reducing N 2O emission in a nitrifying integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. Water Res 2023; 243:120326. [PMID: 37454457 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm process such as integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system has been preliminarily found to produce less nitrous oxide (N2O) than suspended sludge system. However, the N2O emission behaviors and underlying N2O mitigation mechanism in such hybrid system remain unclear. This study therefore aims to fully unveil the roles of biofilm in reducing N2O emission in a nitrifying IFAS system with the aid of some advanced technologies such as N2O microsensor and site-preference analysis. It was found that ammonia oxidation occurred mostly in the sludge flocs (˃ 86%) and biofilm could reduce N2O emission by 43.77% in a typical operating cycle. Biofilm not only reduced nitrite accumulation in nitrification process, inhibiting N2O production via nitrifier denitrification pathway, but also served as a N2O sink, promoting the reduction of N2O via endogenous denitrification. As a result, N2O emissions from the IFAS system were 50%-83% lower than those from the solo sludge flocs. Further, more N2O emission was reduced in the presence of biofilm with decreasing the dissolved oxygen level in the range of 0.5-3.0 mg O2/L. Microbial community and key enzyme analyses revealed that biofilm had relatively high microbial diversity and unique enzyme composition, providing a reasonable explanation for the changed contributions of different N2O production pathways and reduced N2O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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16
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Hwan Kang K, Yang M, Raza S, Son H, Park YK, Wang J, Kim YM. Mitigation of N 2O emissions via enhanced denitrification in a biological landfill leachate treatment using external carbon from fermented sludge. Chemosphere 2023; 335:139114. [PMID: 37270035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an external carbon source (C-source) on the mitigation of N2O gas (N2O(g)) emissions from landfill leachate were investigated via enhanced denitrification using anaerobically fermented sewage sludge. Anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge was conducted under thermophilic conditions with progressively increasing organic loading rates (OLR). Optimal conditions for fermentation were determined based on the efficiency of hydrolysis and the concentrations of sCOD and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as follows: at an OLR of 40.48 ± 0.77 g COD/L·d with 1.5 days of solid retention time (SRT), 14.68 ± 0.59% of efficiency of hydrolysis, 14.42 ± 0.30 g sCOD/L and 7.85 ± 0.18 g COD/L of VFAs. Analysis of the microbial community in the anaerobic fermentation reactor revealed that degradation of sewage sludge might be potentially affected by proteolytic microorganisms producing VFAs from proteinaceous materials. Sludge-fermentate (SF) retrieved from the anaerobic fermentation reactor was used as the external C-source for denitrification testing. The specific nitrate removal rate (KNR) of the SF-added condition was 7.54 mg NO3-N/g VSS·hr, which was 5.42 and 2.43 times higher than that of raw landfill leachate (LL) and a methanol-added condition, respectively. In the N2O(g) emission test, the liquid phase N2O (N2O-N(l)) of 20.15 mg N/L was emitted as N2O(g) of 19.64 ppmv under only LL-added condition. On the other hand, SF led to the specific N2O(l) reduction rate (KN2O) of 6.70 mg N/g VSS hr, resulting in mitigation of 1.72 times the N2O(g) emission compared to under the only-LL-added condition. The present study revealed that N2O(g) emissions from biological landfill leachate treatment plants can be attenuated by simultaneous reduction of NO3-N and N2O(l) during enhanced denitrification via a stable supply of an external C-source retrieved from anaerobically fermented organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahbaz Raza
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Authority, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50804, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Al-Hazmi HE, Maktabifard M, Grubba D, Majtacz J, Hassan GK, Lu X, Piechota G, Mannina G, Bott CB, Mąkinia J. An Advanced Synergy of Partial Denitrification-Anammox for Optimizing Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater: A Review. Bioresour Technol 2023; 381:129168. [PMID: 37182680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anammox is a widely adopted process for energy-efficient removal of nitrogen from wastewater, but challenges with NOB suppression and NO3- accumulation have led to a deeper investigation of this process. To address these issues, the synergy of partial denitrification and anammox (PD-anammox) has emerged as a promising solution for sustainable nitrogen removal in wastewater. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in the PD-anammox system, including stable performance outcomes, operational parameters, and mathematical models. The review categorizes start-up and recovery strategies for PD-anammox and examines its contributions to sustainable development goals, such as reducing N2O emissions and saving energy. Furthermore, it suggests future trends and perspectives for improving the efficiency and integration of PD-anammox into full-scale wastewater treatment system. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into optimizing PD-anammox in wastewater treatment, highlighting the potential of simultaneous processes and the importance of improving efficiency and integration into full-scale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mojtaba Maktabifard
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; Faculty of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominika Grubba
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St, Giza, Dokki P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Xi Lu
- Three Gorges Smart Water Technology Co., LTD, 65 LinXin Road, ChangNing District, 200335 Shanghai, China
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM, Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, ul. Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Ed. 8 Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1436 Air Rail Ave., Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Al-Hazmi HE, Lu X, Grubba D, Majtacz J, Badawi M, Mąkinia J. Sustainable nitrogen removal in anammox-mediated systems: Microbial metabolic pathways, operational conditions and mathematical modelling. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161633. [PMID: 36669661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anammox-mediated systems have attracted considerable attention as alternative cost-effective technologies for sustainable nitrogen (N) removal from wastewater. This review comprehensively highlights the importance of understanding microbial metabolism in anammox-mediated systems under crucial operation parameters, indicating the potentially wide applications for the sustainable treatment of N-containing wastewater. The partial nitrification-anammox (PN-A), simultaneous PN-A and denitrification (SNAD) processes have demonstrated sustainable N removal from sidestream wastewater. The partial denitrification-anammox (PD-A) and denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation-anammox (DAMO-A) processes have advanced sustainable N removal efficiency in mainstream wastewater treatment. Moreover, N2O production/emission hotspots are extensively discussed in anammox-based processes and are related to the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and denitrifying heterotrophs. In contrast, N2O is not produced in the metabolism pathways of AnAOB and DAMO-archaea; Moreover, the actual contribution of N2O production by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and DAMO-bacteria in their species remains uncertain. Thus, PD-A and DAMO-A processes would achieve reduction in greenhouse gas production, as well as energy consumption for the reliability of N removal efficiencies. In addition to reaction mechanisms, this review covers the mathematical models for simultaneous anammox, partial nitrification and/or denitrification (i.e., PN-A, PD-A, and SNAD). Promising NO3- reduction technologies by endogenous PD, sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification, and DNRA by anammox are also discussed. In summary, this review provides a better understanding of sustainable N removal in anammox-mediated systems, thereby encouraging future investigation and exploration of the sustainable N bio-treatment from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Xi Lu
- Three Gorges Smart Water Technology Co., Ltd., 65 LinXin Road, ChangNing District, 200335 Shanghai, China
| | - Dominika Grubba
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michael Badawi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques UMR CNRS 7019, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Gao Y, Øverlie Arntzen M, Kjos M, Bakken LR, Frostegård Å. Denitrification by Bradyrhizobia under Feast and Famine and the Role of the bc1 Complex in Securing Electrons for N(2)O Reduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0174522. [PMID: 36662572 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01745-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia living as microsymbionts inside nodules have stable access to carbon substrates, but also must survive as free-living bacteria in soil where they are starved for carbon and energy most of the time. Many rhizobia can denitrify, thus switch to anaerobic respiration under low O2 tension using N-oxides as electron acceptors. The cellular machinery regulating this transition is relatively well known from studies under optimal laboratory conditions, while little is known about this regulation in starved organisms. It is, for example, not known if the strong preference for N2O- over NO3- reduction in bradyrhizobia is retained under carbon limitation. Here, we show that starved cultures of a Bradyrhizobium strain with respiration rates 1 to 18% of well-fed cultures reduced all available N2O before touching provided NO3-. These organisms, which carry out complete denitrification, have the periplasmic nitrate reductase NapA but lack the membrane-bound nitrate reductase NarG. Proteomics showed similar levels of NapA and NosZ (N2O reductase), excluding that the lack of NO3- reduction was due to low NapA abundance. Instead, this points to a metabolic-level phenomenon where the bc1 complex, which channels electrons to NosZ via cytochromes, is a much stronger competitor for electrons from the quinol pool than the NapC enzyme, which provides electrons to NapA via NapB. The results contrast the general notion that NosZ activity diminishes under carbon limitation and suggest that bradyrhizobia carrying NosZ can act as strong sinks for N2O under natural conditions, implying that this criterion should be considered in the development of biofertilizers. IMPORTANCE Legume cropped farmlands account for substantial N2O emissions globally. Legumes are commonly inoculated with N2-fixing bacteria, rhizobia, to improve crop yields. Rhizobia belonging to Bradyrhizobium, the microsymbionts of several economically important legumes, are generally capable of denitrification but many lack genes encoding N2O reductase and will be N2O sources. Bradyrhizobia with complete denitrification will instead act as sinks since N2O-reduction efficiently competes for electrons over nitrate reduction in these organisms. This phenomenon has only been demonstrated under optimal conditions and it is not known how carbon substrate limitation, which is the common situation in most soils, affects the denitrification phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that bradyrhizobia retain their strong preference for N2O under carbon starvation. The findings add basic knowledge about mechanisms controlling denitrification and support the potential for developing novel methods for greenhouse gas mitigation based on legume inoculants with the dual capacity to optimize N2 fixation and minimize N2O emission.
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20
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Hu S, Zhu H, Bañuelos G, Shutes B, Wang X, Hou S, Yan B. Factors Influencing Gaseous Emissions in Constructed Wetlands: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3876. [PMID: 36900888 PMCID: PMC10001287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-technology for wastewater treatment and are applied worldwide. Due to the regular influx of pollutants, CWs can release considerable quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia (NH3), and other atmospheric pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc., which will aggravate global warming, degrade air quality and even threaten human health. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of factors affecting the emission of these gases in CWs. In this study, we applied meta-analysis to quantitatively review the main influencing factors of GHG emission from CWs; meanwhile, the emissions of NH3, VOCs, and H2S were qualitatively assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs emit less CH4 and N2O than free water surface flow (FWS) CWs. The addition of biochar can mitigate N2O emission compared to gravel-based CWs but has the risk of increasing CH4 emission. Polyculture CWs stimulate CH4 emission but pose no influence on N2O emission compared to monoculture CWs. The influent wastewater characteristics (e.g., C/N ratio, salinity) and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) can also impact GHG emission. The NH3 volatilization from CWs is positively related to the influent nitrogen concentration and pH value. High plant species richness tends to reduce NH3 volatilization and plant composition showed greater effects than species richness. Though VOCs and H2S emissions from CWs do not always occur, it should be a concern when using CWs to treat wastewater containing hydrocarbon and acid. This study provides solid references for simultaneously achieving pollutant removal and reducing gaseous emission from CWs, which avoids the transformation of water pollution into air contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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21
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Zhu Z, Li X, Bu Q, Yan Q, Wen L, Chen X, Li X, Yan M, Jiang L, Chen G, Li S, Gao X, Zeng G, Liang J. Land-Water Transport and Sources of Nitrogen Pollution Affecting the Structure and Function of Riverine Microbial Communities. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:2726-2738. [PMID: 36746765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of variations in riverine microbiota that stem from contaminant sources and transport modes is important for understanding biogeochemical processes. However, the association between complex anthropogenic nitrogen pollution and bacteria has not been extensively investigated owing to the difficulties faced while determining the distribution of nitrogen contaminants in watersheds. Here, we employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool alongside microbiological analysis to explore microbial characteristics and their responses to complex nitrogen pollution patterns. Significant variations in microbial communities were observed in sub-basins with distinct land-water pollution transport modes. Point source-dominated areas (PSDAs) exhibited reduced microbial diversity, high number of denitrification groups, and increased nitrogen cycling compared with others. The negative relative deviations (-3.38) between the measured and simulated nitrate concentrations in PSDAs indicated that nitrate removal was more effective in PSDAs. Pollution sources were also closely associated with microbiota. Effluents from concentrated animal feeding operations were the primary factors relating to the microbiota compositions in PSDAs and balanced areas. In nonpoint source-dominated areas, contaminants from septic tanks become the most relevant sources to microbial community structures. Overall, this study expands our knowledge regarding microbial biogeochemistry in catchments and beyond by linking specific nitrogen pollution scenarios to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qiurong Bu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Technologies and Equipment for Water Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Qingcheng Yan
- National Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Technologies and Equipment for Water Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Wen
- National Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Technologies and Equipment for Water Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Technologies and Equipment for Water Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Gaojie Chen
- School of Mathematics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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22
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Zha Y, Wan R, Wu M, Ye P, Ye L, Li X, Yang H, Luo J. A hormesis-like effect of FeS on heterotrophic denitrification and its mechanisms. Chemosphere 2023; 311:136855. [PMID: 36243086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To alleviate the insufficiency of carbon source in sewage, many sulfur-containing inorganic electron donors were added into traditional heterotrophic denitrification process. However, the effects of extraneous inorganic electron donors on heterotrophic denitrification were still largely unknown. In this study, a hormesis-like effect of ferrous sulfide (FeS, a representative inorganic electron donors) on Paracoccus denitrificans was observed. Total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of P. denitrificans rose by 15% with the increase of FeS dosage from 0 to 0.3 g L-1 (low level), whereas the TN removal significantly decreased to 53% as the dosage of FeS mounted up to 5.0 g L-1 (high level). Furthermore, the impacts of FeS on glucose utilization and bacterial growth exhibited hormesis-like effects. A subsequent mechanistic study revealed that above influences were caused by its released ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, and S2-) rather than particle size. Further study illustrated that low dosage of FeS released a small amount of Fe2+ and Fe3+, which provided sufficient electrons via promoting glucose utilization, then improved denitrification. Conversely, FeS with high dosage inhibited denitrification via its released S2-, which suppressed the activity of key denitrifying enzymes rather than influenced glucose metabolism and electron provision. Our results provide an insight into improving denitrification efficiency of the mixotrophic process coexisting with autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Zha
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Rui Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China.
| | - Mengqi Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Ping Ye
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Liangtao Ye
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Anhui Phoneya Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Donghu Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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23
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Camacho-López C, Romo-Gómez C, Otazo-Sánchez E, Gómez Aldapa CA, García-Nieto E, Juárez-Santacruz L. The pollution effect on the denitrifying capacity of methanogenic sludges. Water Sci Technol 2023; 87:347-353. [PMID: 36706285 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The denitrification process has been studied for biodegradation of some emerging contaminants (ECs). For this, anaerobic sludges from different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) have been used; however, the biodegradation capacity can differ due to the contact they have had with various pollutants, given their origin. This work aims to evaluate the kinetic and metabolic capacity of two denitrifying sludges from different WTPs to biodegrade CH3COO--C and NO3--N. Denitrifying tests were carried out in batches with CH3COO--C (30 mg L-1) in a CN-1 relationship of 1.8 with sludge from a WTP of an educational center (WTP-A) and CH3COO--C (50 mg L-1) to a CN-1 of 1.4 with another from the WTP of Atotonilco de Tula, Hidalgo, México (WTP-B). The results showed that the biodegradation rate of CH3COO--C and NO3--N with the WTP-B sludge was 35 and 75% greater, respectively, compared to the WTP-A sludge. Therefore, we suggest that the consumption difference of substrate is attributable to the sludges of WTP, which have been exposed to a high concentration of a great variety of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Camacho-López
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México E-mail:
| | - Claudia Romo-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México E-mail:
| | - Elena Otazo-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México E-mail:
| | - Carlos A Gómez Aldapa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México E-mail:
| | - Edelmira García-Nieto
- Deparment of Genetics and Environmental Research, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Libertad Juárez-Santacruz
- Deparment of Genetics and Environmental Research, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
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24
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Gao J, Wang R, Li Y, Huang H, Su X, An Z, Yin W, Yang L, Rong L, Sun F. Effect of aeration modes on nitrogen removal and N 2O emission in the partial nitrification and denitrification process for landfill leachate treatment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158424. [PMID: 36067854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anoxic/multi-aerobic process is widely applied for treating landfill leachate with low carbon to nitrogen ratio. In this study, the effect of two aeration modes in the aerobic phase, i.e. decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) and increasing DO, on nitrogen removal and N2O emission in the process were systematically compared. The results demonstrate that the aerobic phase with increasing DO mode has a positive effect on improved total nitrogen removal (78 %) under the COD/N ratio as low as 3.45 and minimized N2O emission. DO concentration higher than 1.5 mg/L in the aerobic phase reduced nitrogen removal and led to a significant high N2O emission in the process. Complete nitrite denitrification in the anoxic phase correlated with minimized N2O emission. Under efficient nitrogen removal stage, N2O emission factor was 2.4 ± 1.0 % of the total incoming nitrogen. Microbial analysis revealed that increasing DO mode increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Gao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Eco-environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yilin Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Zhejiang Huanke Certification Center for Environment Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Zijing An
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Lizhen Yang
- China Wuzhou Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100053, China
| | - Liang Rong
- China Wuzhou Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100053, China
| | - Faqian Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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25
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Al-Hazmi HE, Hassan GK, Maktabifard M, Grubba D, Majtacz J, Mąkinia J. Integrating conventional nitrogen removal with anammox in wastewater treatment systems: Microbial metabolism, sustainability and challenges. Environ Res 2022; 215:114432. [PMID: 36167115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The various forms of nitrogen (N), including ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrate (NO3-), present in wastewaters can create critical biotic stress and can lead to hazardous phenomena that cause imbalances in biological diversity. Thus, biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from wastewaters is considered to be imperatively urgent. Therefore, anammox-based systems, i.e. partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PN/anammox) and partial denitrification and anammox (PD/anammox) have been universally acknowledged to consider as alternatives, promising and cost-effective technologies for sustainable N removal from wastewaters compared to nitrification-denitrification processes. This review comprehensively presents and discusses the latest advances in BNR technologies, including traditional nitrification-denitrification and anammox-based systems. To a deep understanding of a better-controlled combining anammox with traditional processes, the microbial community diversity and metabolism, as well as, biomass morphological characteristics were clearly reviewed in the anammox-based systems. Explaining simultaneous microbial competition and control of crucial operation parameters in single-stage anammox-based processes in terms of optimization and economic benefits makes this contribution a different vision from available review papers. The most important sustainability indicators, including global warming potential (GWP), carbon footprint (CF) and energy behaviours were explored to evaluate the sustainability of BNR processes in wastewater treatment. Additionally, the challenges and solutions for BNR processes are extensively discussed. In summary, this review helps facilitate a critical understanding of N removal technologies. It is confirmed that sustainability and saving energy would be achieved by anammox-based systems, thereby could be encouraged future outcomes for a sustainable N removal economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St, Giza, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Mojtaba Maktabifard
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Dominika Grubba
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
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26
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Solís B, Guisasola A, Pijuan M, Baeza JA. Exploring GHG emissions in the mainstream SCEPPHAR configuration during wastewater resource recovery. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157626. [PMID: 35901871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater sector paradigm is shifting from wastewater treatment to resource recovery. In addition, concerns regarding sustainability during the operation have increased. In this sense, many water utilities have become aware of the potential GHG emissions during the operation of wastewater treatment. This study assesses the nitrous oxide and methane emissions during the long-term operation of a novel wastewater resource recovery facility (WRRF) configuration: the mainstream SCEPPHAR. The long-term N2O and CH4 emission factors calculated were in the low range of the literature, 1 % and 0.1 %, respectively, even with high nitrite accumulation in the case of N2O. The dynamics and possible sources of production of these emissions are discussed. Finally, different aeration strategies were implemented to study the impact on the N2O emissions in the nitrifying reactor. Results showed that operating the pilot-plant under different dissolved oxygen concentrations (between 1 and 3 g O2 m-3) did not have an effect on the N2O emission factor. Intermittent aeration was the aeration strategy that most mitigated the N2O emissions in the nitrifying reactor, obtaining a reduction of 40 % compared to the normal operation of the pilot plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Solís
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Read-Daily B, Ben Maamar S, Sabba F, Green S, Nerenberg R. Effect of nitrous oxide (N 2O) on the structure and function of nitrogen-oxide reducing microbial communities. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135819. [PMID: 35977570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that can be produced by nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Yet the effects of N2O on microbial communities is not well understood. We used batch tests to explore the effects of N2O on mixed denitrifying communities. Batch tests were carried out with acetate as the electron donor and with the following electron acceptors: nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), N2O, NO3- + N2O, and NO2- + N2O. Activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the inoculum. The bacteria grew readily with N2O as the sole acceptor. When N2O was provided along with NO3- or NO2-, it was used concurrently and resulted in higher growth rates than the same acceptors without added N2O. The microbial communities resulting from N2O addition were significantly different at the genus level from those with just NO3- or NO2-. Tests with N2O as the sole added acceptor revealed a reduced diversity. Analysis of inferred gene content using PICRUSt2 indicated a greater abundance of genera with a complete denitrification pathway when growing on N2O or NO2-, relative to all other tests. This suggests that specific N2O reduction rates are high, and that N2O alone selects for a low-diversity, fully denitrifying community. When N2O is present with NO2- or NO3-, the microbial communities were more diverse and did not select exclusively for full denitrifiers. N2O alone appears to select for a "generalist" community with full denitrification pathways and lower diversity. In terms of denitrification genes, the combination of acceptors with N2O appeared to increase the number of microbes carrying nirK, while fully denitrifying bacteria appear more likely to carry nirS. Lastly, all the taxa in NO2- and N2O samples were predicted to harbor nosZ. This suggests the potential for reduced N2O emissions in denitrifying systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Read-Daily
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA, 17022, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - S Ben Maamar
- Samuel J. Wood Library, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - F Sabba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Black & Veatch, KS, USA
| | - S Green
- Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - R Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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28
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Zhou L, Zhao B, Lin Y, Shao Z, Zeng R, Shen Y, Zhang W, Jian Y, Zhuang WQ. Identification of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and denitrification in the dynamic cake layer of a full-scale anoixc dynamic membrane bioreactor for treating hotel laundry wastewater. Chemosphere 2022; 307:136078. [PMID: 35985382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and denitrification in the dynamic cake layer of a full-scale anoixc dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for treating hotel laundry wastewater was studied. A series of experiments were conducted to understand the contributions of DNRA and canonical denitrification activities in the dynamic cake layer of the AnDMBR. The dynamic cake layer developed included two phases - a steady transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase at 0.24 kPa/day followed by a sharp TMP jump at 1.26 kPa/day four to five days after the AnDMBR start-up. The nitrogen mass balance results showed that canonical denitrification was predominant during the development of the dynamic cake layer. However, DNRA activity and accumulation of bacteria equipped with a complete DNRA pathway showed a positive correlation to the development of the dynamic cake layer. Our metagenomic analysis identified an approximately 18% of the dynamic cake layer bacterial community has a complete DNRA pathway. Pannonibacter (1%), Thauera (0.8%) and Pseudomonas (3%) contained all genes encoding for funcional enzymes of both DNRA (nitrate reductase and DNRA nitrite reductase) and denitrification (nitrate reductase, nitrous oxide reductase and nitric oxide reductase). No other metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) possessed a complete cononical denitrification pathway, indicating food-chain-like interactions of denitrifiers in the dynamic cake layer. We found that COD loading rate could be used to control DNRA and canonical denitrification activities during the dynamic cake layer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Bikai Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuanzhong Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rongjie Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yichang Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yixin Jian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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29
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Zou X, Mohammed A, Gao M, Liu Y. Mature landfill leachate treatment using granular sludge-based reactor (GSR) via nitritation/denitritation: Process startup and optimization. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157078. [PMID: 35787895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mature landfill leachate wastewater (LLW) was characterized by high ammonia, refractory chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metal contents, which limits the nitrogen removal in conventional activated sludge systems. Granular sludge is known to be more resistant to toxic compounds because of its dense structure and diverse microbial community. Here, granular sludge-based reactor (GSR) was applied with nitritation/denitritation (Nit/DNit) process for effective ammonia-rich mature LLW treatment at 20 °C. After a short startup period, the efficiencies of ammonia removal and total inorganic nitrogen removal stabilized at 99 % and 93 %, respectively, under a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. High ammonia oxidation rate (~ 0.64 g N/g VSS/d) was achieved, with ~93 % ammonia conversing to nitrite before being reduced to nitrogen gas. Microbial analysis results revealed that Nitrosomonas (ammonia oxidizing bacteria) and Thauera (denitrifiers) were the dominant bacteria with key functional genes involved in the Nit/DNit. With an increase in the LLW loading, increased ammonia oxidation rates and biomass retention were also observed. This study demonstrated that granular sludge-based technology is feasible for mature LLW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Abdul Mohammed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Parravicini V, Nielsen PH, Thornberg D, Pistocchi A. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from the European urban wastewater sector, and options for their reduction. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156322. [PMID: 35662596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from urban wastewater treatment plants in Europe. We propose a quantification in terms of emission factors (kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per population equivalent (PE) and year) taking into account all phases of wastewater treatment, from the construction of the infrastructure to the discharge of treated effluents. The assessment includes (1) life-cycle emissions of infrastructure; (2) emissions of dissolved methane in the sewer networks; (3) direct emissions of nitrous oxide and methane from the treatment processes; (4) emissions due to COD and nitrogen in the effluents; (5) indirect emissions due to the generation of electricity and the production of reagents; and (6) emission credits due to energy recovery or biomethane export associated with the anaerobic digestion of sludge. Our estimated emissions range between approximately 50 and 125 kg CO2e/PE/y depending on the type of treatment plant, of which about 20 to 40 are embedded in the infrastructure. We estimate that direct nitrous oxide emissions and indirect electricity emissions are the main contributors in the operation phase, followed by direct methane emissions. By extrapolating these emissions to the ensemble of the European Union's wastewater treatment plants, we estimate a cumulative emission of about 35 million tonnes CO2e/year, of which ca. 14 are due to the infrastructure. We analyse various scenarios to reduce emissions, showing that the efficient use of electricity at the plant and the decarbonisation of electricity would significantly help to improve the CO2e footprint of the WWTPs. In particular, the recovery of methane from biogas and the decarbonisation of electricity may reduce emissions below 27 million tonnes CO2e/year. Extending N removal to the whole territory for all plants above 10,000 PE may contribute to decrease direct nitrous oxide emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Parravicini
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Elsayed A, Yu J, Lee T, Kim Y. Model study on real-time aeration based on nitrite for effective operation of single-stage anammox. Environ Res 2022; 212:113554. [PMID: 35644493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is an innovative technology for cost-efficient nitrogen removal without intensive aeration. However, effective control of the competition between nitrite oxidizing bacteria (XNOB) and Anammox bacteria (XANA) for nitrite is a key challenge for broad applications of single-stage Anammox processes in real wastewater treatment. Therefore, a real-time aeration scheme was proposed to determine dissolved oxygen (DO) based on nitrite concentration for effective control of XNOB growth while maintaining the XANA activity in a single-stage Anammox process. In this study, a non-steady state mathematical model was developed and calibrated using previously reported lab-scale Anammox results to investigate the efficiency of the proposed real-time aeration scheme in enhancing the Anammox process. Based on the calibrated model simulation results, DO of about 0.10 mg-O2/L was found to be ideal for maintaining effective nitrite creation by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (XAOB) while slowing down the growth of XNOB. If DO is too low (e.g., 0.01 mg-O2/L or lower), the overall rate of the ammonia removal is limited due to slow growth of XAOB. On the other hand, high DO (e.g., 1.0 mg-O2/L or higher) inhibits the growth of XANA, resulting in dominancy of XAOB and XNOB. According to the simulation results, nitrite concentration was found to be a rate-limiting parameter on effective nitrogen removal in single-stage Anammox processes. We also found that nitrite concentration can be used as a real-time switch for aeration in a single-stage Anammox process. A schematic aeration method based on real-time nitrite concentration was proposed and examined to control the competition between XANA and XNOB. In the model simulation, the XANA activity was successfully maintained because the schematic aeration prevented an outgrowth of XNOB, allowing energy-efficient nitrogen removal using single-stage Anammox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggy Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Oba K, Suenaga T, Kuroiwa M, Riya S, Terada A. Exploring the Functions of Efficient Canonical Denitrifying Bacteria as N 2O Sinks: Implications from 15N Tracer and Transcriptome Analyses. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:11694-11706. [PMID: 35917165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In denitrifying reactors, canonical complete denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen via N2O. However, they can also produce N2O under certain conditions. We used a 15N tracer method, in which 15N-labeled NO3-/nitrite (NO2-) and nonlabeled N2O were simultaneously supplied with organic electron donors to five canonical complete denitrifying bacteria affiliated with either Clade I or Clade II nosZ. We calculated their NO3-, NO2-, and N2O consumption rates. The Clade II nosZ bacterium Azospira sp. strain I13 had the highest N2O consumption rate (3.47 ± 0.07 fmol/cell/h) and the second lowest NO3- consumption rate (0.20 ± 0.03 fmol/cell/h); hence, it is a N2O sink. A change from peptone- to acetate/citrate-based organic electron donors increased the NO3- consumption rate by 4.8 fold but barely affected the N2O consumption rate. Electron flow was directed to N2O rather than NO3- in Azospira sp. strain I13 and Az. oryzae strain PS only exerting a N2O sink but to NO3- in the Clade I nosZ N2O-reducing bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri strain JCM 5965 and Alicycliphilus denitrificans strain I51. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the genotype could not fully describe the phenotype. The results show that N2O production and consumption differ among canonical denitrifying bacteria and will be useful for developing N2O mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Oba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suenaga
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Megumi Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shohei Riya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
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Stuchiner ER, von Fischer JC. Using isotope pool dilution to understand how organic carbon additions affect N 2 O consumption in diverse soils. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4163-4179. [PMID: 35377524 PMCID: PMC9321687 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a formidable greenhouse gas with a warming potential ~300× greater than CO2 . However, its emissions to the atmosphere have gone largely unchecked because the microbial and environmental controls governing N2 O emissions have proven difficult to manage. The microbial process N2 O consumption is the only know biotic pathway to remove N2 O from soil pores and therefore reduce N2 O emissions. Consequently, manipulating soils to increase N2 O consumption by organic carbon (OC) additions has steadily gained interest. However, the response of N2 O emissions to different OC additions are inconsistent, and it is unclear if lower N2 O emissions are due to increased consumption, decreased production, or both. Simplified and systematic studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of different OC additions on N2 O consumption. We aimed to manipulate N2 O consumption by amending soils with OC compounds (succinate, acetate, propionate) more directly available to denitrifiers. We hypothesized that N2 O consumption is OC-limited and predicted these denitrifier-targeted additions would lead to enhanced N2 O consumption and increased nosZ gene abundance. We incubated diverse soils in the laboratory and performed a 15 N2 O isotope pool dilution assay to disentangle microbial N2 O emissions from consumption using laser-based spectroscopy. We found that amending soils with OC increased gross N2 O consumption in six of eight soils tested. Furthermore, three of eight soils showed Increased N2 O Consumption and Decreased N2 O Emissions (ICDE), a phenomenon we introduce in this study as an N2 O management ideal. All three ICDE soils had low soil OC content, suggesting ICDE is a response to relaxed C-limitation wherein C additions promote soil anoxia, consequently stimulating the reduction of N2 O via denitrification. We suggest, generally, OC additions to low OC soils will reduce N2 O emissions via ICDE. Future studies should prioritize methodical assessment of different, specific, OC-additions to determine which additions show ICDE in different soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Stuchiner
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Joseph C. von Fischer
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Valk LC, Peces M, Singleton CM, Laursen MD, Andersen MH, Mielczarek AT, Nielsen PH. Exploring the microbial influence on seasonal nitrous oxide concentration in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant using metagenome assembled genomes. Water Res 2022; 219:118563. [PMID: 35594748 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide is a highly potent greenhouse gas and one of the main contributors to the greenhouse gas footprint of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Although nitrous oxide can be produced by abiotic reactions in these systems, biological N2O production resulting from the imbalance of nitrous oxide production and reduction by microbial populations is the dominant cause. The microbial populations responsible for the imbalance have not been clearly identified, yet they are likely responsible for strong seasonal nitrous oxide patterns. Here, we examined the seasonal nitrous oxide concentration pattern in Avedøre WWTP alongside abiotic parameters, the microbial community composition based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and already available metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We found that the WWTP parameters could not explain the observed pattern. While no distinct community changes between periods of high and low dissolved nitrous oxide concentrations were determined, we found 26 and 28 species with positive and negative correlations to the seasonal N2O concentrations, respectively. MAGs were identified for 124 species (approximately 31% mean relative abundance of the community), and analysis of their genomic nitrogen transformation potential could explain this correlation for four of the negatively correlated species. Other abundant species were also analysed for their nitrogen transformation potential. Interestingly, only one full-denitrifier (Candidatus Dechloromonas phosphorivorans) was identified. 59 species had a nosZ gene predicted, with the majority identified as a clade II nosZ gene, mainly from the phylum Bacteroidota. A correlation of MAG-derived functional guilds with the N2O concentration pattern showed that there was a small but significant negative correlation with nitrite oxidizing bacteria and species with a nosZ gene (N2O reducers (DEN)). More research is required, specifically long-term activity measurements in relation to the N2O concentration to increase the resolution of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Christina Valk
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Miriam Peces
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Caitlin Margaret Singleton
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Dyring Laursen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
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35
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Kim DD, Han H, Yun T, Song MJ, Terada A, Laureni M, Yoon S. Identification of nosZ-expressing microorganisms consuming trace N 2O in microaerobic chemostat consortia dominated by an uncultured Burkholderiales. ISME J 2022. [PMID: 35676322 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms possessing N2O reductases (NosZ) are the only known environmental sink of N2O. While oxygen inhibition of NosZ activity is widely known, environments where N2O reduction occurs are often not devoid of O2. However, little is known regarding N2O reduction in microoxic systems. Here, 1.6-L chemostat cultures inoculated with activated sludge samples were sustained for ca. 100 days with low concentration (<2 ppmv) and feed rate (<1.44 µmoles h−1) of N2O, and the resulting microbial consortia were analyzed via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and metagenomic/metatranscriptomic analyses. Unintended but quantified intrusion of O2 sustained dissolved oxygen concentration above 4 µM; however, complete N2O reduction of influent N2O persisted throughout incubation. Metagenomic investigations indicated that the microbiomes were dominated by an uncultured taxon affiliated to Burkholderiales, and, along with the qPCR results, suggested coexistence of clade I and II N2O reducers. Contrastingly, metatranscriptomic nosZ pools were dominated by the Dechloromonas-like nosZ subclade, suggesting the importance of the microorganisms possessing this nosZ subclade in reduction of trace N2O. Further, co-expression of nosZ and ccoNO/cydAB genes found in the metagenome-assembled genomes representing these putative N2O-reducers implies a survival strategy to maximize utilization of scarcely available electron acceptors in microoxic environmental niches.
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36
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Yang R, Yuan LJ, Wang R, He ZX, Lei L, Ma YC. Analyzing the mechanism of nitrous oxide production in aerobic phase of anoxic/aerobic sequential batch reactor from the perspective of key enzymes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:39877-39887. [PMID: 35113372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How the vast majority of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the aerobic zone of nitrogen bio-removal process is produced is still a controversial issue. To solve this issue, this study measured the activities of two key denitrifying enzymes (nitric oxide reductase (Nor) and nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR)) in an A/O SBR with different chemical nitrogen demand (COD)/total nitrogen (TN) ratios. By analyzing the Spearman's correlations between the N2O production, the enzyme activities, and the factors, the main N2O production process was identified. By comparing the activities of these enzymes, this study analyzed the reasons for the N2O production. Results show that Nor activities had a linear relationship with total N2O concentrations (y = 0.34749 + 31.31365x, R2 = 0.83362) and were not affected by COD (r = 0.299, N = 15, P = 0.279 > 0.05), which showed that most of the N2O released and produced came from the autotrophic denitrification. N2OR activities had a positive correlation with COD (r = 0.692, N = 15, P = 0.004 < 0.01), which showed that heterotrophic denitrification played a role as an N2O consumer. Nor activities were much higher than N2OR activities and the gap between them increased when the total N2O concentration increased, showing that the heterotrophic denitrification was difficult to consume all the N2O produced by the autotrophic denitrification. Reducing autotrophic denitrification is the best way to reduce N2O production in aerobic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an, University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jiang Yuan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an, University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an, University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xian He
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lei
- University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chen Ma
- University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
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Ye J, Gao H, Domingo-Félez C, Wu J, Zhan M, Yu R, Smets BF. Chronic effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on biological nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission: Insight into impact mechanism and performance recovery potential. Bioresour Technol 2022; 351:126966. [PMID: 35278624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on biological nitrogen removal and associated nitrous oxide (N2O) emission has seldom been addressed yet. Herein, the chronic effect of CeO2 NPs on the nitrogen transformation processes during wastewater treatment and the impacted system's self-recovery potential after CeO2 NP stress removal were investigated. CeO2 NP of 10-50 mg/L induced significant declines of the ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and the total nitrogen removal efficiencies, but triggered the nitrite accumulation and the N2O emission. The N2O reductase (NOS) activity was negatively correlated with the N2O emission level, and the inhibition of NOS activity under CeO2 NP stress was probably due to the depressions of the sludge denitrifiers' metabolic activities. The NH4+-N removal efficiency was successfully regained after the recovery period although the N2O emission level was still higher than the pre-exposure period, which was probably due to the residual CeO2 NPs inside the activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Ye
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Carlos Domingo-Félez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Junkang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Department of Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Manjun Zhan
- Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Environmental Protection Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210013, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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38
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Gruber W, Magyar PM, Mitrovic I, Zeyer K, Vogel M, von Känel L, Biolley L, Werner RA, Morgenroth E, Lehmann MF, Braun D, Joss A, Mohn J. Tracing N 2O formation in full-scale wastewater treatment with natural abundance isotopes indicates control by organic substrate and process settings. Water Res X 2022; 15:100130. [PMID: 35287381 PMCID: PMC8917317 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) dominates greenhouse gas emissions in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Formation of N2O occurs during biological nitrogen removal, involves multiple microbial pathways, and is typically very dynamic. Consequently, N2O mitigation strategies require an improved understanding of nitrogen transformation pathways and their modulating controls. Analyses of the nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic composition of N2O and its substrates at natural abundance have been shown to provide valuable information on formation and reduction pathways in laboratory settings, but have rarely been applied to full-scale WWTPs. Here we show that N-species isotope ratio measurements at natural abundance level, combined with long-term N2O monitoring, allow identification of the N2O production pathways in a full-scale plug-flow WWTP (Hofen, Switzerland). Heterotrophic denitrification appears as the main N2O production pathway under all tested process conditions (0-2 mgO2/l, high and low loading conditions), while nitrifier denitrification was less important, and more variable. N2O production by hydroxylamine oxidation was not observed. Fractional N2O elimination by reduction to dinitrogen (N2) during anoxic conditions was clearly indicated by a concomitant increase in site preference, δ18O(N2O) and δ15N(N2O). N2O reduction increased with decreasing availability of dissolved inorganic N and organic substrates, which represents the link between diurnal N2O emission dynamics and organic substrate fluctuations. Consequently, dosing ammonium-rich reject water under low-organic-substrate conditions is unfavorable, as it is very likely to cause high net N2O emissions. Our results demonstrate that monitoring of the N2O isotopic composition holds a high potential to disentangle N2O formation mechanisms in engineered systems, such as full-scale WWTP. Our study serves as a starting point for advanced campaigns in the future combining isotopic technologies in WWTP with complementary approaches, such as mathematical modeling of N2O formation or microbial assays to develop efficient N2O mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzel Gruber
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Magyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Mitrovic
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Zeyer
- Laboratory for Air Pollution / Environmental Technology, Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Michael Vogel
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Luzia von Känel
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Biolley
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Moritz F Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Braun
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Mohn
- Laboratory for Air Pollution / Environmental Technology, Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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Zhao S, Wang X, Pan H, Wang Y, Zhu G. High N 2O reduction potential by denitrification in the nearshore site of a riparian zone. Sci Total Environ 2022; 813:152458. [PMID: 34953840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a potent atmospheric greenhouse gas and a major source of ozone depletion, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission has been given increasing attention in aquatic systems, particularly at the aquatic-terrestrial interfaces, such as riparian zones. However, the microbial mechanisms regulating N2O emission in riparian zones remain unknown. Here, we measured the contributions of denitrification and ammonium oxidation to N2O emission along with the abundance and community structure of nirK-, nirS-, nosZ I- and nosZ II-harbouring bacteria in both surface sediments (0-10 cm) and overlying water along a lake riparian zone (including nearshore sites and offshore sites). Overall, the nearshore sites of the riparian zones emitted less N2O than the offshore sites. Nearshore N2O emission was dominated by denitrification with a high N2O reduction rate, whereas offshore N2O emission was driven by ammonium oxidation. Furthermore, N2O derived from ammonium oxidation was influenced by the NH4+-N content, and denitrification N2O was modulated by denitrifier communities. The N2O-producing community was dominated by nirS-harbouring bacteria, while the N2O-reducing community was dominated by nosZ I-harbouring bacteria. The relative abundance of Hydrogenophilales from nirS-denitrifiers and Chloroflexi unclassified from nosZ II-type communities influenced the N2O produced by denitrification, according to high-throughput sequencing analysis. Additionally, we also found lower levels of N2O production per unit volume in overlying water, which were 3-4 orders of magnitude less than in the surface sediment. Overall, we propose that using riparian zones can be an effective management tool for N2O mitigation by enhancing the N2O reduction process of denitrification and decreasing ammonium oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huawei Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuantao Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Van Aken P, Lambert N, Appels L. Low temperature Moving Bed Bioreactor denitrification as mitigation measure to reduce agricultural nitrate losses. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:152110. [PMID: 34871692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The negative impact of agriculture on the quality of local water streams is widely recognized. Fertilizer residues not taken up by the crops leach into the drainage water and enter the surface water, resulting in eutrophication. Despite various initiatives to prevent this leaching by optimizing fertilizer schemes, the desired effect was not achieved, and the focus has shifted to denitrifying end-of-pipe techniques. Because the available area for installing such treatment systems is often limited, the development of intensified systems is a trend that has emerged recently. In this scope, the main goal of this study was therefore to investigate the suitability of a denitrifying Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR) as a low footprint technology, which can compete with conventional technologies. Two parallel lab-scale pilot MBBRs, one at low temperature and one at ambient temperature, were operated for 850 days to investigate the effectiveness and robustness under changing process parameters (hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature, shutdown). Eventually, the system was scaled up to a full-scale installation and monitored during a full drainage season in the field. The pilot-scale MBBRs achieved removal efficiencies above 90% under optimal conditions (high C/N ratio and minimal HRT of 8 h), even while operating at low temperatures. The robustness of the system was also demonstrated by the immediate start-up after a shutdown period of 220 days. Overall, the full-scale MBBR treated 2910.1 m3 drainage water and removed approximately 59 kg NO3-N. Unfortunately, the average removal efficiency, i.e., 70%, was lower than the lab-scale system, but by intensifying the mixing in the MBBR, improved results were obtained. Nitrite accumulation was furthermore also prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van Aken
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Nico Lambert
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
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Alonso VA, Lackner S. Are K-Strategists Yield- Strategists in disguise? An example from autotrophic nitrogen removal. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1567-1577. [PMID: 35147211 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of heterotrophic bacteria growing in systems with low or no external supply of COD has become more relevant within the wastewater context. Growth strategies help to clarify how bacteria behave and adapt to different environmental conditions. In the case of substrate limited conditions, research has been mainly focused on the k-strategy, whereas another important strategy: the yield strategy has not been explored intensely. Some authors have, however, demonstrated the implications of bacteria pursuing the yield strategy when living in structured environments and facing low substrate concentrations. This work uses a one-dimensional biofilm model to study the influence of the affinity constant, the maximum growth rate and the growth yield on the heterotrophic formation of dinitrogen gas (N2 ) in a completely autotrophic Partial Nitritation Anammox (PN/A) system. The effect of these parameters on the composition and the diversity of the heterotrophic community is also evaluated. In a first scenario heterotrophic bacteria are allowed to grow only on the COD produced by biomass decay. In a second step the competition with a second group of heterotrophs using external COD as electron donor is assessed. For both evaluated scenarios, the results suggest that the yield plays a crucial role in the heterotrophic biomass and dinitrogen gas formation. Moreover in the case of the community diversity the yield seems to be the decisive parameter. Finally, we conceptually compared the K and the yield strategy and give some insight to the possibility of both either being closely related or even being the same strategy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Acevedo Alonso
- Technical University Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Susanne Lackner
- Technical University Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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42
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Zhang J, Huang Z, Gao L, Gray S, Xie Z. Study of MOF incorporated dual layer membrane with enhanced removal of ammonia and per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in landfill leachate treatment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151207. [PMID: 34728199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a highly polluted and complex wastewater as it contains large amounts of organic matters, ammonia‑nitrogen, heavy metals, and per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which makes its treatment very challenging. In this paper, hydrophilic/hydrophobic dual layer membranes combining advantages of pervaporation and membrane distillation was employed to treat leachate in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration. An aluminum fumarate (AlFu) metal organic framework (MOF) incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrophilic layer was coated on hydrophobic PTFE membrane to overcome the low separation efficiency of PFAS and ammonia and wetting issues encountered by the conventional hydrophobic PTFE membrane used for DCMD. The rejections of dual layer membranes with different MOF loading to PFAS, ammonia, TOC and TDS were assessed based on the amount of AlFu MOF incorporated into the PVA layer. Based on the conducted adsorption tests, it was found that AlFu MOF increases the rejection of PVA layer to PFAS and ammonia. The coating of the hydrophilic layer could enhance the wetting resistance with/without MOF addition. In comparison with the pristine PTFE membrane using synthetic feed containing 3 wt% NaCl, 1 wt% addition of AlFu MOF into the PVA layer showed slightly increased flux. All the tested membranes showed more than 99% rejection to TOC. The rejection to ammonia was increased as more MOF was incorporated into the PVA layer. The maximum rejection of ammonia was 99.8% when the PVA layer containing 10% MOF. All the membranes showed more than 99% rejection to PFOS and PFHxS. However, PTFE membrane did not show any rejection to PFOA. As more MOF was added into the hydrophilic layer, the rejection to PFOA increased, but plateaued at 65.6% with 5% MOF incorporation into the hydrophilic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Vic. 8001, Australia.
| | - Zhen Huang
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic. 3169, Australia
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water Corporation, PO Box 2268, Seaford, Victoria 3198, Australia
| | - Stephen Gray
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Vic. 8001, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic. 3169, Australia
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Li Z, Yang X, Chen H, Du M, Ok YS. Modeling nitrous oxide emissions in membrane bioreactors: Advancements, challenges and perspectives. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151394. [PMID: 34740645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have become a well-established wastewater treatment technology owing to their extraordinary efficiency and low space advantage over conventional activated sludge processes. Although the extended activated sludge models can predict the general trend of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in MBRs, the simulation results usually deviate from the actual values. This review critically evaluates the recent advances in the modeling of N2O emissions in MBRs, and proposes future directions for the development and improvement of models that better match the MBR characteristics. The quantitative impact of MBR characteristics on N2O emissions is identified as a key knowledge gap demanding urgent attention. Accurately clarification of the N2O emission pathways governed by MBR characteristics is essential to improve the reliability and practicability of existing models. This article lays a momentous foundation for the optimization of N2O models in MBRs, and proposes new demands for the next-generation model. The contents will assist academics and engineers in developing N2O production models for accurate prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Mingyang Du
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Liu C, Yan J, Huang Q, Liu H, Qiao C, Li R, Shen B, Shen Q. The addition of sawdust reduced the emission of nitrous oxide in pig manure composting by altering the bacterial community structure and functions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:3733-3742. [PMID: 34392479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although composting, a measure to dispose agricultural waste, is widely accepted and applied, specific knowledge of microbially driven effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during composting remains limited. Here, we monitored the impact of sawdust on N2O emissions during pig manure composting. The results suggested that adding sawdust to the compost improved the compost temperature and reduced N2O emissions. The addition of sawdust significantly altered the bacterial community structure and enhanced community turnover during the composting process. The addition of sawdust significantly reduced the relative abundance of denitrification and ureolysis, while increasing the relative abundance of nitrogen fixation. Specifically, adding sawdust may reduce N2O emissions by reducing the relative abundance of Salinithrix, Truepera, Azomonas, Iamia, Silanimonas, Phycisphaera, and Gp21 during the thermophilic and mature phases of the composting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cece Qiao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Gruber W, von Känel L, Vogt L, Luck M, Biolley L, Feller K, Moosmann A, Krähenbühl N, Kipf M, Loosli R, Vogel M, Morgenroth E, Braun D, Joss A. Estimation of countrywide N 2O emissions from wastewater treatment in Switzerland using long-term monitoring data. Water Res X 2021; 13:100122. [PMID: 34661091 PMCID: PMC8503907 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxides (N2O) emissions contribute to climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion. Wastewater treatment is an important, yet likely underestimated, source of N2O emissions, as recent, long-term monitoring campaigns have demonstrated. However, the available data are insufficient to representatively estimate countrywide emission due to the brevity of most monitoring campaigns. This study showed that the emission estimates can be significantly improved using an advanced approach based on multiple continuous, long-term monitoring campaigns. In monitoring studies on 14 full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), we found a strong variability in the yearly emission factors (EFs) (0.1 to 8% of the incoming nitrogen load) which exhibited a good correlation with effluent nitrite. But countrywide data on nitrite effluent concentrations is very limited and unavailable for emission estimation in many countries. Hence, we propose a countrywide emission factor calculated from the weighted EFs of three WWTP categories (carbon removal, EF: 0.1-8%, nitrification only: 1.8%, and full nitrogen removal: 0.9%). However, EF of carbon removal WWTPs are still highly uncertain given the expected variability in performance. The newly developed approach allows representative, country-specific estimations of the N2O emissions from WWTP. Applied to Switzerland, the estimations result in an average EF of 0.9 to 3.6% and total emissions of 410 to 1690 tN2O-N/year, which corresponds to 0.3-1.4% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Switzerland. Our results demonstrate that better data availability and an improved understanding of long-term monitoring campaigns is crucial to improve current emission estimations. Finally, our results confirm several measures to mitigate N2O emissions from wastewater treatment; year-round denitrification, limiting nitrite accumulation, and stringent control of sludge age in carbon removal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzel Gruber
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luzia von Känel
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Vogt
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Luck
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Biolley
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kilian Feller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrin Moosmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nikita Krähenbühl
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kipf
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Reto Loosli
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Braun
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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46
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Wan X, Laureni M, Jia M, Volcke EIP. Impact of organics, aeration and flocs on N 2O emissions during granular-based partial nitritation-anammox. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:149092. [PMID: 34303231 PMCID: PMC7612980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitration-anammox is a resource-efficient technology for nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, the advantages of this nitrogen removal technology are challenged by the emission of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas. In this study, a granular sludge one-stage partial nitritation-anammox reactor comprising granules and flocs was run for 337 days in the presence of influent organics to investigate its effect on N removal and N2O emissions. Besides, the effect of aeration control strategies and flocs removal was investigated as well. The interpretation of the experimental results was complemented with modelling and simulation. The presence of influent organics (1 g COD g-1 N) helped to suppress NOB and significantly reduced the overall N2O emissions while having no significant effect on anammox activity. Besides, long-term monitoring of the reactor indicated that constant airflow rate control resulted in more stable effluent quality and less N2O emissions than DO control. Still, floc removal reduced N2O emissions at DO control but increased N2O emissions at constant airflow rate. Furthermore, anammox bacteria could significantly reduce N2O production during heterotrophic denitrification, likely via competition for NO with heterotrophs. Overall, this study demonstrated that the presence of influent organics together with proper aeration control strategies and floc management could significantly reduce the N2O emissions without compromising nitrogen removal efficiency during one-stage partial nitritation-anammox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wan
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michele Laureni
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Mingsheng Jia
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline I P Volcke
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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47
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He H, Wagner BM, Carlson AL, Yang C, Daigger GT. Recent progress using membrane aerated biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment. Water Sci Technol 2021; 84:2131-2157. [PMID: 34810302 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which is based on the counter diffusion of the electron donors and acceptors into the biofilm, represents a novel technology for wastewater treatment. When process air or oxygen is supplied, the MBfR is known as the membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), which has high oxygen transfer rate and efficiency, promoting microbial growth and activity within the biofilm. Over the past few decades, laboratory-scale studies have helped researchers and practitioners understand the relevance of influencing factors and biological transformations in MABRs. In recent years, pilot- to full-scale installations are increasing along with process modeling. The resulting accumulated knowledge has greatly improved understanding of the counter-diffusional biological process, with new challenges and opportunities arising. Therefore, it is crucial to provide new insights by conducting this review. This paper reviews wastewater treatment advancements using MABR technology, including design and operational considerations, microbial community ecology, and process modeling. Treatment performance of pilot- to full-scale MABRs for process intensification in existing facilities is assessed. This paper also reviews other emerging applications of MABRs, including sulfur recovery, industrial wastewater, and xenobiotics bioremediation, space-based wastewater treatment, and autotrophic nitrogen removal. In conclusion, commercial applications demonstrate that MABR technology is beneficial for pollutants (COD, N, P, xenobiotics) removal, resource recovery (e.g., sulfur), and N2O mitigation. Further research is needed to increase packing density while retaining efficient external mass transfer, understand the microbial interactions occurring, address existing assumptions to improve process modeling and control, and optimize the operational conditions with site-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqi He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Brett M Wagner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Avery L Carlson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
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48
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Baeten JE, van Dijk EJH, Pronk M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Volcke EIP. Potential of off-gas analyses for sequentially operated reactors demonstrated on full-scale aerobic granular sludge technology. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147651. [PMID: 34000528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work shows how more variables can be monitored with a single off-gas sampler on sequentially operated than on continuously fed and aerated reactors and applies the methods to data from a full-scale aerobic granular sludge reactor as a demonstration and to obtain insight in this technology. First, liquid-gas transfer rates were calculated. Oxygen (O2) absorption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates showed comparable cyclic trends due to the coupling of O2 consumption and CO2 production. Methane (CH4) emissions showed a stripping profile and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed two peaks each cycle, which were attributed to different production pathways. Secondly, aeration characteristics were calculated, of which the gradual improvement within cycles was explained by surfactants degradation. Thirdly, liquid phase concentrations were estimated from off-gas measurements via a novel calculation procedure. As such, an average influent CH4 concentration of 0.7 g·m-3 was found. Fourthly, reaction rates could be estimated from off-gas data because no feeding or discharge occurred during reaction phases. The O2 consumption rate increased with increasing dissolved oxygen and decreased once nitrification was complete. Fifthly, greenhouse gas emissions could be derived, indicating a 0.06% N2O emission factor. Sixthly, off-gas gave an indication of influent characteristics. The CO2 emitted per kg COD catabolized corresponded with the TOC/COD ratio of typical wastewater organics in cycles with balanced nitrification and denitrification. High nitrogen removal efficiencies were associated with high catabolized COD/N ratios as estimated from the O2 absorption. Finally, mass balances could be closed using off-gas O2 data. As such, an observed yield of 0.27 g COD/g COD was found. All these variables could be estimated with a single sampler because aeration without feeding creates a more homogeneous off-gas composition and simplifies liquid-phase mass balances. Therefore, off-gas analyzers may have a broader application potential for sequentially operated reactors than currently acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis E Baeten
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Edward J H van Dijk
- Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands; Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, Amersfoort 3800, AL, the Netherlands.
| | - Mario Pronk
- Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands; Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, Amersfoort 3800, AL, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Eveline I P Volcke
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Jéglot A, Audet J, Sørensen SR, Schnorr K, Plauborg F, Elsgaard L. Microbiome Structure and Function in Woodchip Bioreactors for Nitrate Removal in Agricultural Drainage Water. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:678448. [PMID: 34421841 PMCID: PMC8377596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.678448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Woodchip bioreactors are increasingly used to remove nitrate (NO3–) from agricultural drainage water in order to protect aquatic ecosystems from excess nitrogen. Nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors is based on microbial processes, but the microbiomes and their role in bioreactor efficiency are generally poorly characterized. Using metagenomic analyses, we characterized the microbiomes from 3 full-scale bioreactors in Denmark, which had been operating for 4–7 years. The microbiomes were dominated by Proteobacteria and especially the genus Pseudomonas, which is consistent with heterotrophic denitrification as the main pathway of NO3– reduction. This was supported by functional gene analyses, showing the presence of the full suite of denitrification genes from NO3– reductases to nitrous oxide reductases. Genes encoding for dissimilatory NO3– reduction to ammonium were found only in minor proportions. In addition to NO3– reducers, the bioreactors harbored distinct functional groups, such as lignocellulose degrading fungi and bacteria, dissimilatory sulfate reducers and methanogens. Further, all bioreactors harbored genera of heterotrophic iron reducers and anaerobic iron oxidizers (Acidovorax) indicating a potential for iron-mediated denitrification. Ecological indices of species diversity showed high similarity between the bioreactors and between the different positions along the flow path, indicating that the woodchip resource niche was important in shaping the microbiome. This trait may be favorable for the development of common microbiological strategies to increase the NO3– removal from agricultural drainage water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Jéglot
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joachim Audet
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Finn Plauborg
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Suenaga T, Ota T, Oba K, Usui K, Sako T, Hori T, Riya S, Hosomi M, Chandran K, Lackner S, Smets BF, Terada A. Combination of 15N Tracer and Microbial Analyses Discloses N 2O Sink Potential of the Anammox Community. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9231-9242. [PMID: 34142798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although nitrogen removal by partial nitritation and anammox is more cost-effective than conventional nitrification and denitrification, one downside is the production and accumulation of nitrous oxide (N2O). The potential exploitation of N2O-reducing bacteria, which are resident members of anammox microbial communities, for N2O mitigation would require more knowledge of their ecophysiology. This study investigated the phylogeny of resident N2O-reducing bacteria in an anammox microbial community and quantified individually the processes of N2O production and N2O consumption. An up-flow column-bed anammox reactor, fed with NH4+ and NO2- and devoid of oxygen, emitted N2O at an average conversion ratio (produced N2O: influent nitrogen) of 0.284%. Transcriptionally active and highly abundant nosZ genes in the reactor biomass belonged to the Burkholderiaceae (clade I type) and Chloroflexus genera (clade II type). Meanwhile, less abundant but actively transcribing nosZ strains were detected in the genera Rhodoferax, Azospirillum, Lautropia, and Bdellovibrio and likely act as an N2O sink. A novel 15N tracer method was adapted to individually quantify N2O production and N2O consumption rates. The estimated true N2O production rate and true N2O consumption rate were 3.98 ± 0.15 and 3.03 ± 0.18 mgN·gVSS-1·day-1, respectively. The N2O consumption rate could be increased by 51% (4.57 ± 0.51 mgN·gVSS-1·day-1) with elevated N2O concentrations but kept comparable irrespective of the presence or absence of NO2-. Collectively, the approach allowed the quantification of N2O-reducing activity and the identification of transcriptionally active N2O reducers that may constitute as an N2O sink in anammox-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Suenaga
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
| | - Takumi Ota
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kohei Oba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kentaro Usui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sako
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
| | - Shohei Riya
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hosomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 116th Street and Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Susanne Lackner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Science, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Barth F Smets
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Denmark Technical University, Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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