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Liu J, Joseph S, Manohar K, Lee J, Brokaw JP, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Role of innate T cells in necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357483. [PMID: 38390341 PMCID: PMC10881895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a destructive gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting preterm babies. Despite advancements in neonatal care, NEC remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units worldwide and the etiology of NEC is still unclear. Risk factors for NEC include prematurity, very low birth weight, feeding with formula, intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial infection. A review of the literature would suggest that supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics prevents NEC by altering the immune responses. Innate T cells, a highly conserved subpopulation of T cells that responds quickly to stimulation, develops differently from conventional T cells in neonates. This review aims to provide a succinct overview of innate T cells in neonates, encompassing their phenotypic characteristics, functional roles, likely involvement in the pathogenesis of NEC, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon Joseph
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jasmine Lee
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John P. Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - W. Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Troy A. Markel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Lei Z, Yu J, Wu Y, Shen J, Lin S, Xue W, Mao C, Tang R, Sun H, Qi X, Wang X, Xu L, Wei C, Wang X, Chen H, Hao P, Yin W, Zhu J, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu S, Liang H, Chen X, Su C, Zhou S. CD1d protects against hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2024; 80:194-208. [PMID: 38438948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte apoptosis, a well-defined form of cell death in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered the primary cause of liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in NASH remain largely unclear. We explored the anti-apoptotic effect of hepatocyte CD1d in NASH. METHODS Hepatocyte CD1d expression was analyzed in patients with NASH and mouse models. Hepatocyte-specific gene overexpression or knockdown and anti-CD1d crosslinking were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of hepatocyte CD1d on lipotoxicity-, Fas-, and concanavalin (ConA)-mediated liver injuries. A high-fat diet, a methionine-choline-deficient diet, a Fas agonist, and ConA were used to induce lipotoxic and/or apoptotic liver injuries. Palmitic acid was used to mimic lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS We identified a dramatic decrease in CD1d expression in hepatocytes of patients with NASH and mouse models. Hepatocyte-specific CD1d overexpression and knockdown experiments collectively demonstrated that hepatocyte CD1d protected against hepatocyte apoptosis and alleviated hepatic inflammation and injuries in NASH mice. Furthermore, decreased JAK2-STAT3 signaling was observed in NASH patient livers. Mechanistically, anti-CD1d crosslinking on hepatocytes induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD1d cytoplasmic tail, leading to the recruitment and phosphorylation of JAK2. Phosphorylated JAK2 activated STAT3 and subsequently reduced apoptosis in hepatocytes, which was associated with an increase in anti-apoptotic effectors (Bcl-xL and Mcl-1) and a decrease in pro-apoptotic effectors (cleaved-caspase 3/7). Moreover, anti-CD1d crosslinking effectively protected against Fas- or ConA-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered a previously unrecognized anti-apoptotic CD1d-JAK2-STAT3 axis in hepatocytes that conferred hepatoprotection and highlighted the potential of hepatocyte CD1d-directed therapy for liver injury and fibrosis in NASH, as well as in other liver diseases associated with hepatocyte apoptosis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Excessive and/or sustained hepatocyte apoptosis is critical in driving liver inflammation and injury. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain largely unclear. Here, we found that CD1d expression in hepatocytes substantially decreases and negatively correlates with the severity of liver injury in patients with NASH. We further revealed a previously unrecognized anti-apoptotic CD1d-JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis in hepatocytes, which confers significant protection against liver injury in NASH and acute liver diseases. Thus, hepatocyte CD1d-targeted therapy could be a promising strategy to manipulate liver injury in both NASH and other hepatocyte apoptosis-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyao Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shibo Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxu Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Hao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouguo Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sha Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Amable L, Ferreira Martins LA, Pierre R, Do Cruseiro M, Chabab G, Sergé A, Kergaravat C, Delord M, Viret C, Jaubert J, Liu C, Karray S, Marie JC, Irla M, Georgiev H, Clave E, Toubert A, Lucas B, Klibi J, Benlagha K. Intrinsic factors and CD1d1 but not CD1d2 expression levels control invariant natural killer T cell subset differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7922. [PMID: 38040679 PMCID: PMC10692182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (NKT) cell subsets are defined based on their cytokine-production profiles and transcription factors. Their distribution is different in C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c mice, with a bias for NKT1 and NKT2/NKT17 subsets, respectively. Here, we show that the non-classical class I-like major histocompatibility complex CD1 molecules CD1d2, expressed in BALB/c and not in B6 mice, could not account for this difference. We find however that NKT cell subset distribution is intrinsic to bone marrow derived NKT cells, regardless of syngeneic CD1d-ligand recognition, and that multiple intrinsic factors are likely involved. Finally, we find that CD1d expression levels in combination with T cell antigen receptor signal strength could also influence NKT cell distribution and function. Overall, this study indicates that CD1d-mediated TCR signals and other intrinsic signals integrate to influence strain-specific NKT cell differentiation programs and subset distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Amable
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | | | - Remi Pierre
- Plateforme de recombinaison homologue et de cryoconservation (PRHTEC), Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruseiro
- Plateforme de recombinaison homologue et de cryoconservation (PRHTEC), Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ghita Chabab
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Arnauld Sergé
- Laboratoire Adhésion Inflammation (LAI), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Kergaravat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Jaubert
- Mouse Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Saoussen Karray
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julien C Marie
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Magali Irla
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jihene Klibi
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France.
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Wu X, Liu J, Li W, Khan MF, Dai H, Tian J, Priya R, Tian DJ, Wu W, Yaacoub A, Gu J, Syed F, Yu CH, Gao X, Yu Q, Xu XM, Brutkiewicz RR. CD1d-dependent neuroinflammation impairs tissue repair and functional recovery following a spinal cord injury. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.13.562047. [PMID: 37905092 PMCID: PMC10614755 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage resulting from a spinal cord injury (SCI) is primarily driven by a robust neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory response. This intricate process is mainly governed by a multitude of cytokines and cell surface proteins in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the critical components of the neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory response during SCI are still not well-defined. In this study, we investigated the impact of CD1d, an MHC class I-like molecule mostly known for presenting lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells and regulating immune/inflammatory responses, on neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory responses induced by SCI. We observed an increased expression of CD1d on various cell types within the spinal cord, including microglia/macrophages, oligodendrocytes (ODCs), and endothelial cells (DCs), but not on neurons or astrocytes post-SCI. In comparison to wildtype (WT) mice, a T10 contusive SCI in CD1d knockout (CD1dKO or Cd1d -/- ) mice resulted in markedly reduced proinflammatory cytokine release, microglia/macrophage activation and proliferation. Following SCI, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and activation/proliferation of microglia/macrophages were dramatically reduced, while anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and growth factors like VEGF were substantially increased in the spinal cord tissues of CD1dKO mice when compared to WT mice. In the post-acute phase of SCI (day 7 post-SCI), CD1dKO mice had a significantly higher frequency of tissue-repairing macrophages, but not other types of immune cells, in the injured spinal cord tissues compared to WT mice. Moreover, CD1d-deficiency protected spinal cord neuronal cells and tissue, promoting functional recovery after a SCI. However, the neuroinflammation in WT mouse spinal cords was independent of the canonical CD1d/NKT cell axis. Finally, treatment of injured mice with a CD1d-specific monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced neuroprotection and improved functional recovery. Therefore, CD1d promotes the proinflammatory response following a SCI and represents a potential therapeutic target for spinal cord repair. Significance Statement The cell surface molecule, CD1d, is known to be recognized by cells of the immune system. To our knowledge, this is the first observation that the CD1d molecule significantly contributes to neuroinflammation following a spinal cord injury (SCI) in a manner independent of the CD1d/NKT cell axis. This is important, because this work reveals CD1d as a potential therapeutic target following an acute SCI for which there are currently no effective treatments.
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5
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Ishikawa H, Nagashima R, Kuno Y, Sasaki H, Kohda C, Iyoda M. Effects of NKT Cells on Metabolic Disorders Caused by High-Fat Diet Using CD1d-Knockout Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2855-2864. [PMID: 37744699 PMCID: PMC10517681 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s428190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether NKT cells play an important role in preventing or exacerbating diseases caused by high-fat diet (HFD) using CD1d-knockout (KO) mice which lack NKT cells. Methods Five-week-old male Balb/c (wild-type; WT) or CD1dKO mice were fed with control-diet (CTD) or HFD for 16 weeks. Results The present study revealed four main findings. First, CD1dKO mice were susceptible to obesity caused by HFD in comparison to WT mice. Second, clinical conditions of fatty liver caused by HFD were comparable between CD1dKO mice and WT mice. Third, HFD-fed WT mice showed high levels of serum biochemical markers, involved in lipid metabolisms, in comparison to WT mice fed a CTD. Notably, the serum concentrations of ALT, T-CHO, TG and HDL-C in CD1dKO mice fed a HFD were almost comparable to those of CD1dKO mice fed a CTD. Fourth, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), CD36 of epididymal adipose tissue enhanced and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK) 9 in serum decreased. Conclusion NKT cells were responsible for protection against HFD-induced obesity. However, CD1dKO mice were resistant to serum biochemical marker abnormalities after HFD feeding. One possible explanation is that the epididymal adipose tissue of CD1dKO mice could take up greater amounts of excess lipids in serum in comparison to WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kuno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Hiraku Sasaki
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Chikara Kohda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
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Tang J, Yang L, Guan F, Miller H, Camara NOS, James LK, Benlagha K, Kubo M, Heegaard S, Lee P, Lei J, Zeng H, He C, Zhai Z, Liu C. The role of Raptor in lymphocytes differentiation and function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146628. [PMID: 37283744 PMCID: PMC10239924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Raptor, a key component of mTORC1, is required for recruiting substrates to mTORC1 and contributing to its subcellular localization. Raptor has a highly conserved N-terminus domain and seven WD40 repeats, which interact with mTOR and other mTORC1-related proteins. mTORC1 participates in various cellular events and mediates differentiation and metabolism. Directly or indirectly, many factors mediate the differentiation and function of lymphocytes that is essential for immunity. In this review, we summarize the role of Raptor in lymphocytes differentiation and function, whereby Raptor mediates the secretion of cytokines to induce early lymphocyte metabolism, development, proliferation and migration. Additionally, Raptor regulates the function of lymphocytes by regulating their steady-state maintenance and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Louisa K. James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Rikagaku Kenkyusho, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Bayatipoor H, Mehdizadeh S, Jafarpour R, Shojaei Z, Pashangzadeh S, Motallebnezhad M. Role of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy-from bench to bed. Med Oncol 2022; 40:29. [PMID: 36460881 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a specific T cell subset known to express the αβ-T cell receptor (TCR) for antigens identification and express typical NK cell specifications, such as surface expression of CD56 and CD16 markers as well as production of granzyme. Human NKT cells are divided into two subgroups based on their cytokine receptor and TCR repertoire. Both of them are CD1-restricted and recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. Studies have demonstrated that these cells are essential in defense against malignancies. These cells secret proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines that stimulate or suppress immune system responses. In several murine tumor models, activation of type I NKT cells induces tumor rejection and inhibits metastasis's spread. However, type II NKT cells are associated with an inhibitory and regulatory function during tumor immune responses. Variant NKT cells may suppress tumor immunity via different mechanisms that require cross-talk with other immune-regulatory cells. NKT-like cells display high tumor-killing abilities against many tumor cells. In the recent decade, different studies have been performed based on the application of NKT-based immunotherapy for cancer therapy. Moreover, manipulation of NKT cells through administering autologous dendritic cell (DC) loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and direct α-GalCer injection has also been tested. In this review, we described different subtypes of NKT cells, their function in the anti-tumor immune responses, and the application of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy from bench to bed.
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8
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Postoak JL, Song W, Yang G, Guo X, Xiao S, Saffold CE, Zhang J, Joyce S, Manley NR, Wu L, Van Kaer L. Thymic epithelial cells require lipid kinase Vps34 for CD4 but not CD8 T cell selection. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212554. [PMID: 35997680 PMCID: PMC9402993 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a functional, self-tolerant T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire depends on interactions between developing thymocytes and antigen-presenting thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Cortical TECs (cTECs) rely on unique antigen-processing machinery to generate self-peptides specialized for T cell positive selection. In our current study, we focus on the lipid kinase Vps34, which has been implicated in autophagy and endocytic vesicle trafficking. We show that loss of Vps34 in TECs causes profound defects in the positive selection of the CD4 T cell lineage but not the CD8 T cell lineage. Utilizing TCR sequencing, we show that T cell selection in conditional mutants causes altered repertoire properties including reduced clonal sharing. cTECs from mutant mice display an increased abundance of invariant chain intermediates bound to surface MHC class II molecules, indicating altered antigen processing. Collectively, these studies identify lipid kinase Vps34 as an important contributor to the repertoire of selecting ligands processed and presented by TECs to developing CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Luke Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wenqiang Song
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Shiyun Xiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Cherie E. Saffold
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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9
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Wickström SL, Wagner AK, Fuchs S, Elemans M, Kritikou J, Mehr R, Kärre K, Johansson MH, Brauner H. MHC Class I–Dependent Shaping of the NK Cell Ly49 Receptor Repertoire Takes Place Early during Maturation in the Bone Marrow. The Journal of Immunology 2022; 209:751-759. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC I) expression in the host influences NK cells in a process termed education. The result of this education is reflected in the responsiveness of NK cells at the level of individual cells as well as in the repertoire of inhibitory MHC I–specific receptors at the NK cell system level. The presence of MHC I molecules in the host environment gives rise to a skewed receptor repertoire in spleen NK cells where subsets expressing few (one or two) inhibitory receptors are expanded whereas subsets with many (three or more) receptors are contracted. It is not known whether this MHC I–dependent skewing is imposed during development or after maturation of NK cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the NK cell receptor repertoire is shaped already early during NK cell development in the bone marrow. We used mice with a repertoire imposed by a single MHC I allele, as well as a C57BL/6 mutant strain with exaggerated repertoire skewing, to investigate Ly49 receptor repertoires at different stages of NK cell differentiation. Our results show that NK cell inhibitory receptor repertoire skewing can indeed be observed in the bone marrow, even during the earliest developmental steps where Ly49 receptors are expressed. This may partly be accounted for by selective proliferation of certain NK cell subsets, but other mechanisms must also be involved. We propose a model for how repertoire skewing is established during a developmental phase in the bone marrow, based on sequential receptor expression as well as selective proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina L. Wickström
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- †Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnika K. Wagner
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ‡Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sina Fuchs
- §Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjet Elemans
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ¶Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kritikou
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramit Mehr
- ‖Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and
| | - Klas Kärre
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria H. Johansson
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- §Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- #Dermatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Shimizu K, Ueda S, Kawamura M, Satoh M, Fujii SI. A single immunization with cellular vaccine confers dual protection against SARS-CoV-2 and cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2536-2547. [PMID: 35598170 PMCID: PMC9348309 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines has been demonstrated; however, emerging evidence suggests insufficient protection in certain immunocompromised cancer patients. We previously developed a cell‐based anti‐cancer vaccine platform involving artificial adjuvant vector cells (aAVCs) capable of inducing a strong adaptive response by enhancing the innate immunity. aAVCs are target antigen‐transfected allogenic cells that simultaneously express the natural killer T‐cell ligand–CD1d complex on their surface. In the present study, we applied this system for targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein (CoV‐2‐S) using CoV‐2‐S‐expressing aAVCs (aAVC‐CoV‐2) and evaluated the immune response in a murine model. A single dose of aAVC‐CoV‐2 induced a large amount of CoV‐2‐S‐specific, multifunctional CTLs in addition to CD4+ T‐cell‐dependent anti‐CoV‐2‐S‐specific Abs. CoV‐2‐S‐specific CTLs infiltrated the lung parenchyma and persisted as long‐term memory T cells. Furthermore, we immunized mice with CoV‐2‐S‐ and tumor‐associated antigen (TAA)‐co‐expressing aAVCs (aAVC‐TAA/CoV‐2) and evaluated whether the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 and antitumor CTLs were elicited. We found that the aAVC‐TAA/CoV‐2‐S therapy exerted apparent antitumor effects and induced CoV‐2‐S‐specific CTLs. These findings suggest aAVC‐TAA/CoV‐2‐S therapy as a promising vaccine candidate for preventing COVID‐19, as well as enhancing the effectiveness of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shogo Ueda
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masami Kawamura
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikiko Satoh
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Cosway EJ, White AJ, Parnell SM, Schweighoffer E, Jolin HE, Bacon A, Rodewald HR, Tybulewicz V, McKenzie ANJ, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Eosinophils are an essential element of a type 2 immune axis that controls thymus regeneration. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn3286. [PMID: 35275754 PMCID: PMC7612579 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions used for cancer treatment provoke thymus damage and limit the recovery of protective immunity. Here, we show that eosinophils are an essential part of an intrathymic type 2 immune network that enables thymus recovery after ablative therapy. Within hours of damage, the thymus undergoes CCR3-dependent colonization by peripheral eosinophils, which reestablishes the epithelial microenvironments that control thymopoiesis. Eosinophil regulation of thymus regeneration occurs via the concerted action of NKT cells that trigger CCL11 production via IL4 receptor signaling in thymic stroma, and ILC2 that represent an intrathymic source of IL5, a cytokine that therapeutically boosts thymus regeneration after damage. Collectively, our findings identify an intrathymic network composed of multiple innate immune cells that restores thymus function during reestablishment of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie J. Cosway
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea J. White
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sonia M. Parnell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Andrea Bacon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victor Tybulewicz
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - W. E. Jenkinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Correspondence to: Professor Graham Anderson, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Floor 4 Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Tel: (44)1214146817.
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12
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Krovi SH, Loh L, Spengler A, Brunetti T, Gapin L. Current insights in mouse iNKT and MAIT cell development using single cell transcriptomics data. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101658. [PMID: 36182863 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Innate T (Tinn) cells are a collection of T cells with important regulatory functions that have a crucial role in immunity towards tumors, bacteria, viruses, and in cell-mediated autoimmunity. In mice, the two main αβ Tinn cell subsets include the invariant NKT (iNKT) cells that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by non-polymorphic CD1d molecules and the mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that recognize vitamin B metabolites presented by the non-polymorphic MR1 molecules. Due to their ability to promptly secrete large quantities of cytokines either after T cell antigen receptor (TCR) activation or upon exposure to tissue- and antigen-presenting cell-derived cytokines, Tinn cells are thought to act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems and have the ability to shape the overall immune response. Their swift response reflects the early acquisition of helper effector programs during their development in the thymus, independently of pathogen exposure and prior to taking up residence in peripheral tissues. Several studies recently profiled, in an unbiased manner, the transcriptomes of mouse thymic iNKT and MAIT cells at the single cell level. Based on these data, we re-examine in this review how Tinn cells develop in the mouse thymus and undergo effector differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liyen Loh
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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13
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Dinh XT, Stanley D, Smith LD, Moreau M, Berzins SP, Gemiarto A, Baxter AG, Jordan MA. Modulation of TCR signalling components occurs prior to positive selection and lineage commitment in iNKT cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23650. [PMID: 34880299 PMCID: PMC8655039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells play a critical role in controlling the strength and character of adaptive and innate immune responses. Their unique functional characteristics are induced by a transcriptional program initiated by positive selection mediated by CD1d expressed by CD4+CD8+ (double positive, DP) thymocytes. Here, using a novel Vα14 TCR transgenic strain bearing greatly expanded numbers of CD24hiCD44loNKT cells, we examined transcriptional events in four immature thymic iNKT cell subsets. A transcriptional regulatory network approach identified transcriptional changes in proximal components of the TCR signalling cascade in DP NKT cells. Subsequently, positive and negative selection, and lineage commitment, occurred at the transition from DP NKT to CD4 NKT. Thus, this study introduces previously unrecognised steps in early NKT cell development, and separates the events associated with modulation of the T cell signalling cascade prior to changes associated with positive selection and lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen T. Dinh
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia ,Hai Duong Medical Technical University, Hai Duong, Viet Nam
| | - Dragana Stanley
- grid.1023.00000 0001 2193 0854School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| | - Letitia D. Smith
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Morgane Moreau
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Stuart P. Berzins
- grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XPeter Doherty Institute for Immunity and Infection, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
| | - Adrian Gemiarto
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Alan G. Baxter
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Margaret A. Jordan
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, The Science Place, Building 142, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
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14
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Li X, Jin C, Chen Q, Zheng X, Xie D, Wu Q, Wang L, Bai S, Zhang H, Bai L. Identification of liver-specific CD24 + invariant NK T cells with low granzyme B production and high proliferative capacity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:1199-1210. [PMID: 34730251 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0621-309r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant NK T (iNKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that can recognize the lipid Ag presented by MHC I like molecule CD1d. Distinct tissue distribution of iNKT cells subsets implies a contribution of these subsets to their related tissue regional immunity. iNKT cells are enriched in liver, an organ with unique immunological properties. Whether liver-specific iNKT cells exist and dedicate to the liver immunity remains elusive. Here, a liver-specific CD24+ iNKT subset is shown. Hepatic CD24+ iNKT cells show higher levels of proliferation, glucose metabolism, and mTOR activity comparing to CD24- iNKT cells. Although CD24+ iNKT cells and CD24- iNKT cells in the liver produce similar amounts of cytokines, the hepatic CD24+ iNKT cells exhibit lower granzyme B production. These liver-specific CD24+ iNKT cells are derived from thymus and differentiate into CD24+ iNKT in the liver microenvironment. Moreover, liver microenvironment induces the formation of CD24+ conventional T cells as well, and these cells exhibit higher proliferation ability but lower granzyme B production in comparison with CD24- T cells. The results propose that liver microenvironment might induce the generation of liver-specific iNKT subset that might play an important role in maintaining liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xihua Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyu Bai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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15
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Goto T, Ito Y, Satoh M, Nakamoto S, Nishizawa N, Hosono K, Naitoh T, Eshima K, Iwabuchi K, Hiki N, Amano H. Activation of iNKT Cells Facilitates Liver Repair After Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through Acceleration of Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754106. [PMID: 34691073 PMCID: PMC8526965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is critical for liver tissue repair following acute liver injury. However, the underlying mechanisms of macrophage phenotype switching are not well defined. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells orchestrate tissue inflammation and tissue repair by regulating cytokine production. Herein, we examined whether iNKT cells played an important role in liver repair after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by affecting macrophage polarization. To this end, we subjected male C57BL/6 mice to hepatic I/R injury, and mice received an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) or vehicle. Compared with that of the vehicle, α-GalCer administration resulted in the promotion of liver repair accompanied by acceleration of macrophage differentiation and by increases in the numbers of Ly6Chigh pro-inflammatory macrophages and Ly6Clow reparative macrophages. iNKT cells activated with α-GalCer produced interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Treatment with anti-IL-4 antibodies delayed liver repair, which was associated with an increased number of Ly6Chigh macrophages and a decreased number of Ly6Clow macrophages. Treatment with anti-IFN-γ antibodies promoted liver repair, associated with reduced the number of Ly6Chigh macrophages, but did not change the number of Ly6Clow macrophages. Bone marrow-derived macrophages up-regulated the expression of genes related to both a pro-inflammatory and a reparative phenotype when co-cultured with activated iNKT cells. Anti-IL-4 antibodies increased the levels of pro-inflammatory macrophage-related genes and decreased those of reparative macrophage-related genes in cultured macrophages, while anti-IFN-γ antibodies reversed the polarization of macrophages. Cd1d-deficient mice showed delayed liver repair and suppressed macrophage switching, compared with that in wild-type mice. These results suggest that the activation of iNKT cells by α-GalCer facilitated liver repair after hepatic I/R injury by both IL-4-and IFN-γ-mediated acceleration of macrophage polarization. Therefore, the activation of iNKT cells may represent a therapeutic tool for liver repair after hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Goto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of General Pediatric Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of General Pediatric Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kanako Hosono
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiki
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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16
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Klibi J, Joseph C, Delord M, Teissandier A, Lucas B, Chomienne C, Toubert A, Bourc'his D, Guidez F, Benlagha K. PLZF Acetylation Levels Regulate NKT Cell Differentiation. J Immunol 2021; 207:809-823. [PMID: 34282003 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is encoded by the BTB domain-containing 16 (Zbtb16) gene. Its repressor function regulates specific transcriptional programs. During the development of invariant NKT cells, PLZF is expressed and directs their effector program, but the detailed mechanisms underlying PLZF regulation of multistage NKT cell developmental program are not well understood. This study investigated the role of acetylation-induced PLZF activation on NKT cell development by analyzing mice expressing a mutant form of PLZF mimicking constitutive acetylation (PLZFON) mice. NKT populations in PLZFON mice were reduced in proportion and numbers of cells, and the cells present were blocked at the transition from developmental stage 1 to stage 2. NKT cell subset differentiation was also altered, with T-bet+ NKT1 and RORγt+ NKT17 subsets dramatically reduced and the emergence of a T-bet-RORγt- NKT cell subset with features of cells in early developmental stages rather than mature NKT2 cells. Preliminary analysis of DNA methylation patterns suggested that activated PLZF acts on the DNA methylation signature to regulate NKT cells' entry into the early stages of development while repressing maturation. In wild-type NKT cells, deacetylation of PLZF is possible, allowing subsequent NKT cell differentiation. Interestingly, development of other innate lymphoid and myeloid cells that are dependent on PLZF for their generation is not altered in PLZFON mice, highlighting lineage-specific regulation. Overall, we propose that specific epigenetic control of PLZF through acetylation levels is required to regulate normal NKT cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France;
| | - Claudine Joseph
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Teissandier
- Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; and
| | - Christine Chomienne
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, UMRS 1131, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Deborah Bourc'his
- Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, UMRS 1131, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France;
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17
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Starosolski Z, Courtney AN, Srivastava M, Guo L, Stupin I, Metelitsa LS, Annapragada A, Ghaghada KB. A Nanoradiomics Approach for Differentiation of Tumors Based on Tumor-Associated Macrophage Burden. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2021; 2021:6641384. [PMID: 34220380 PMCID: PMC8216795 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) of solid tumors play an important role in treatment resistance and disease recurrence. The purpose of this study was to investigate if nanoradiomics (radiomic analysis of nanoparticle contrast-enhanced images) can differentiate tumors based on TAM burden. Materials and Methods In vivo studies were performed in transgenic mouse models of neuroblastoma with low (N = 11) and high (N = 10) tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) burden. Animals underwent delayed nanoparticle contrast-enhanced CT (n-CECT) imaging at 4 days after intravenous administration of liposomal-iodine agent (1.1 g/kg). CT imaging-derived conventional tumor metrics (tumor volume and CT attenuation) were computed for segmented tumor CT datasets. Nanoradiomic analysis was performed using a PyRadiomics workflow implemented in the quantitative image feature pipeline (QIFP) server containing 900 radiomic features (RFs). RF selection was performed under supervised machine learning using a nonparametric neighborhood component method. A 5-fold validation was performed using a set of linear and nonlinear classifiers for group separation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results N-CECT imaging demonstrated heterogeneous patterns of signal enhancement in low and high TAM tumors. CT imaging-derived conventional tumor metrics showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in tumor volume between low and high TAM tumors. Tumor CT attenuation was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between low and high TAM tumors. Machine learning-augmented nanoradiomic analysis revealed two RFs that differentiated (p < 0.002) low TAM and high TAM tumors. The RFs were used to build a linear classifier that demonstrated very high accuracy and further confirmed by 5-fold cross-validation. Conclusions Imaging-derived conventional tumor metrics were unable to differentiate tumors with varying TAM burden; however, nanoradiomic analysis revealed texture differences and enabled differentiation of low and high TAM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Starosolski
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy N. Courtney
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayank Srivastava
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linjie Guo
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Igor Stupin
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leonid S. Metelitsa
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ananth Annapragada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Sugawara K, Watarai H, Ise Y, Yokose H, Morii Y, Yamawaki N, Okada S, Matsunaga S. Structure Elucidation of Calyxoside B, a Bipolar Sphingolipid from a Marine Sponge Cladocroce sp. through the Use of Beckmann Rearrangement. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:287. [PMID: 34063932 PMCID: PMC8224005 DOI: 10.3390/md19060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are an excellent source of biologically active secondary metabolites. We focus on deep-sea sponges for our discovery study. A marine sponge Cladocroce sp. exhibited cytotoxic activity in the bioactivity screening. From this sponge a previously unreported cytotoxic glycosphingolipid, calyxoside B, was isolated and the structure of this compound was elucidated by analyses of MS and NMR spectra and chemical derivatization. We converted the ketone in the middle of a long aliphatic chain into an oxime to which was applied Beckmann rearrangement to afford two positional isomers of amides. The products were subjected to acidic hydrolysis followed by LC-MS analysis, permitting us to assign unequivocally the position of the ketone. Calyxoside B shows cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 31 µM and also weakly stimulated the production of cytokines in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugawara
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Yuji Ise
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan;
| | - Hisayoshi Yokose
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiro Morii
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nobuhiro Yamawaki
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.Y.)
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.S.); (S.O.)
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19
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Xu Y, Ma J, Luo H, Shi Y, Liu H, Sun A, Xu C, Ji H, Liu X. Chromatin assembly factor 1B critically controls the early development but not function acquisition of invariant natural killer T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1698-1714. [PMID: 33949677 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ CD8+ double-positive thymocytes give rise to both conventional TCRαβ+ T cells and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells), but these two kinds of cells display different characteristics. The molecular mechanism underlying iNKT cell lineage development and function acquisition remain to be elucidated. We show that the loss of chromatin assembly factor 1B (CHAF1b) maintains the normal development of conventional TCRαβ+ T cells but severely impairs early development of iNKT cells. This dysregulation is accompanied by the impairment in chromatin activation and gene transcription at Vα14-Jα18 locus. Notably, ectopic expression of a Vα14-Jα18 TCR rescues Chaf1b-deficient iNKT cell developmental defects. Moreover, cytokine secretion and antitumor activity are substantially maintained in Vα14-Jα18 TCR transgene-rescued Chaf1b-deficient iNKT cells. Our study identifies CHAF1b as a critical factor that controls the early development but not function acquisition of iNKT cells via lineage- and stage-specific regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haorui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yaohuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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20
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Leadbetter EA, Karlsson MCI. Invariant natural killer T cells balance B cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:93-107. [PMID: 33438287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate rapid immune responses which bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. Both types of important iNKT immune responses are mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cells. As such, iNKT cells sit at the decision-making fulcrum between regulating inflammatory or autoreactive B cells and supporting protective or regulatory B cell populations. iNKT cells interpret the signals in their environment to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, with outcomes ranging from getting licensed to maintain homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKTreg ) or being activated to become an iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH ) cell supporting pathogen-specific effector B cells. Here we review iNKT and B cell cooperation across the spectrum of immune outcomes, including during allergy and autoimmune disease, tumor surveillance and immunotherapy, or pathogen defense and vaccine responses. Because of their key role as influencers, iNKT cells provide a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, depending on the circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Lei Z, Tang R, Qi Q, Gu P, Wang J, Xu L, Wei C, Pu Y, Qi X, Chen Y, Yu B, Yu Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Li Y, Zhou S, Su C. Hepatocyte CD1d protects against liver immunopathology in mice with schistosomiasis japonica. Immunology 2020; 162:328-338. [PMID: 33283278 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with over 250 million people infected worldwide. The main clinically important species Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) and Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) cause inflammatory responses against tissue-trapped eggs, resulting in formation of granulomas mainly in host liver. Persistent granulomatous response results in severe fibrosis in the liver, leading to irreversible impairment of the liver and even death of the host. CD1d, a highly conserved MHC class I-like molecule, is expressed by both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells. CD1d on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of haematopoietic origin presents pathogen-derived lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells, which enables them to rapidly produce large amounts of various cytokines and facilitate CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation upon invading pathogens. Noteworthy, hepatocytes of non-haematopoietic origin have recently been shown to be involved in maintaining liver NKT cell homeostasis through a CD1d-dependent manner. However, whether hepatocyte CD1d-dependent regulation of NKT cell homeostasis also modulates CD4+ Th cell responses and liver immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis remains to be addressed. Here, we show in mice that CD1d expression on hepatocytes was decreased dramatically upon S. japonicum infection, accompanied by increased NKT cells, as well as upregulated Th1 and Th2 responses. Overexpression of CD1d in hepatocytes significantly decreased local NKT numbers and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13), concomitantly with downregulation of both Th1 and Th2 responses and alleviation in pathological damage in livers of S. japonicum-infected mice. These findings highlight the potential of hepatocyte CD1d-targeted therapies for liver immunopathology control in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Qi
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Pu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanxiong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Su
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Kumar A, Hill TM, Gordy LE, Suryadevara N, Wu L, Flyak AI, Bezbradica JS, Van Kaer L, Joyce S. Nur77 controls tolerance induction, terminal differentiation, and effector functions in semi-invariant natural killer T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17156-17165. [PMID: 32611812 PMCID: PMC7382224 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001665117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Semi-invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are self-reactive lymphocytes, yet how this lineage attains self-tolerance remains unknown. iNKT cells constitutively express high levels of Nr4a1-encoded Nur77, a transcription factor that integrates signal strength downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) within activated thymocytes and peripheral T cells. The function of Nur77 in iNKT cells is unknown. Here we report that sustained Nur77 overexpression (Nur77tg) in mouse thymocytes abrogates iNKT cell development. Introgression of a rearranged Vα14-Jα18 TCR-α chain gene into the Nur77tg (Nur77tg;Vα14tg) mouse rescued iNKT cell development up to the early precursor stage, stage 0. iNKT cells in bone marrow chimeras that reconstituted thymic cellularity developed beyond stage 0 precursors and yielded IL-4-producing NKT2 cell subset but not IFN-γ-producing NKT1 cell subset. Nonetheless, the developing thymic iNKT cells that emerged in these chimeras expressed the exhaustion marker PD1 and responded poorly to a strong glycolipid agonist. Thus, Nur77 integrates signals emanating from the TCR to control thymic iNKT cell tolerance induction, terminal differentiation, and effector functions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
- Thymocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Timothy M Hill
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996
| | - Laura E Gordy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Andrew I Flyak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biology, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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23
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Biswas TK, VanderLaan PA, Que X, Gonen A, Krishack P, Binder CJ, Witztum JL, Getz GS, Reardon CA. CD1d Selectively Down Regulates the Expression of the Oxidized Phospholipid-Specific E06 IgM Natural Antibody in Ldlr-/- Mice. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9030030. [PMID: 32635160 PMCID: PMC7551411 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are important regulators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation and are thought to have diverse protective roles in a variety of pathological states. E06 is a T15 idiotype IgM NAb exclusively produced by B-1 cells, which recognizes the phosphocholine (PC) head group in oxidized phospholipids on the surface of apoptotic cells and in oxidized LDL (OxLDL), and the PC present on the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here we report that titers of the E06 NAb are selectively increased several-fold in Cd1d-deficient mice, whereas total IgM and IgM antibodies recognizing other oxidation specific epitopes such as in malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) and OxLDL were not increased. The high titers of E06 in Cd1d-deficient mice are not due to a global increase in IgM-secreting B-1 cells, but they are specifically due to an expansion of E06-secreting splenic B-1 cells. Thus, CD1d-mediated regulation appeared to be suppressive in nature and specific for E06 IgM-secreting cells. The CD1d-mediated regulation of the E06 NAb generation is a novel mechanism that regulates the production of this specific oxidation epitope recognizing NAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Biswas
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul A. VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xuchu Que
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (X.Q.); (A.G.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (X.Q.); (A.G.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Paulette Krishack
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria;
| | - Joseph L. Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (X.Q.); (A.G.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Godfrey S. Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Catherine A. Reardon
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (T.K.B.); (P.A.V.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.G.); (C.A.R.)
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24
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Lucas B, White AJ, Cosway EJ, Parnell SM, James KD, Jones ND, Ohigashi I, Takahama Y, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Diversity in medullary thymic epithelial cells controls the activity and availability of iNKT cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2198. [PMID: 32366944 PMCID: PMC7198500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus supports multiple αβ T cell lineages that are functionally distinct, but mechanisms that control this multifaceted development are poorly understood. Here we examine medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) heterogeneity and its influence on CD1d-restricted iNKT cells. We find three distinct mTEClow subsets distinguished by surface, intracellular and secreted molecules, and identify LTβR as a cell-autonomous controller of their development. Importantly, this mTEC heterogeneity enables the thymus to differentially control iNKT sublineages possessing distinct effector properties. mTEC expression of LTβR is essential for the development thymic tuft cells which regulate NKT2 via IL-25, while LTβR controls CD104+CCL21+ mTEClow that are capable of IL-15-transpresentation for regulating NKT1 and NKT17. Finally, mTECs regulate both iNKT-mediated activation of thymic dendritic cells, and iNKT availability in extrathymic sites. In conclusion, mTEC specialization controls intrathymic iNKT cell development and function, and determines iNKT pool size in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Lucas
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrea J White
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emilie J Cosway
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sonia M Parnell
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kieran D James
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nick D Jones
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William E Jenkinson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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25
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Raynor J, Lin A, Hummel SA, Lampe K, Jordan M, Hoebe K, Hildeman DA. The Variable Genomic NK Cell Receptor Locus Is a Key Determinant of CD4+ T Cell Responses During Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:197. [PMID: 32153566 PMCID: PMC7044186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a key role for NK cells in controlling adaptive immune responses. In studies examining the role of CD1d on CD4+ T cell responses, we found that a line of CD1d-deficient mice on the C57BL/6J background had a homozygous 129 locus on chromosome 6 containing the entire NK cell gene cluster. Mice possessing this locus (C57BL/6.NKC129) displayed a >10-fold reduction in antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses after intracranial infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Neither parental strain displayed defects in viral-specific CD4+ T cell responses. Interestingly, following infection, increased numbers of NK cells accumulated in the lymph nodes of C57BL/6.NKC129 mice and displayed enhanced in vivo functionality. Moreover, depletion of NK cells with anti-asialo-GM-1 antibody in C57BL/6.NKC129 mice resulted in a >20-fold increase in viral-specific CD4+ T cell responses. Mechanistically, we found that dendritic cell antigen presentation and early type I IFN production were significantly decreased in C57BL/6.NKC129 mice, but were restored in perforin-deficient C57BL/6.NKC129 mice or following NK depletion. Together, these data reveal that the variable genomic regions containing the activating/inhibitory NK cell receptors are key determinants of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses, controlling type I IFN production and the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Raynor
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Adora Lin
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah A Hummel
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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26
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Wang HX, Li WJ, Hou CL, Lai S, Zhang YL, Tian C, Yang H, Du J, Li HH. CD1d-dependent natural killer T cells attenuate angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling via IL-10 signalling in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:83-93. [PMID: 29939225 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims CD1d is a member of the cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various antigen-presenting cells, which is recognized by natural killer T (NKT) cells. CD1d-dependent NKT cells play an important role in immune-mediated diseases; but the role of these cells in regulating cardiac remodelling remains unknown. Methods and results Cardiac remodelling was induced by angiotensin (Ang) II infusion for 2 weeks. Ang II-induced increase in hypertension, cardiac performance, hypertrophy and fibrosis, inflammatory response, and activation of the NF-kB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways was significantly aggravated in CD1d knockout (CD1dko) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, but these effects were markedly abrogated in WT mice treated with α-galactosylceramide (αGC), a specific activator of NKT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD1dko bone marrow cells to WT mice further confirmed the deleterious effect of CD1dko. Moreover, IL-10 expression was significantly decreased in CD1dko hearts but increased in αGC-treated mice. Co-culture experiments revealed that CD1dko dendritic cells significantly reduced IL-10 mRNA expression from NKT cells. Administration of recombinant murine IL-10 to CD1dko mice improved hypertension, cardiac performance, and adverse cardiac remodelling induced by Ang II, and its cardioprotective effect was possibly associated with activation of STAT3, and inhibition of the TGF-β1 and NF-kB pathways. Conclusion These findings revealed a previously undefined role for CD1d-dependent NKT cells in Ang II-induced cardiac remodelling, hence activation of NKT cells may be a novel therapeutic target for hypertensive cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Liu Hou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Lai
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Abstract
NKT cells are a small but influential member of the T cell family, recognizing lipids presented by the non-classical MHC-like molecule CD1d rather than peptides presented by classical MHC molecules. They bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, serving as rapid responders but also allowing the T cell immune system to recognize lipid antigens, for example derived from tumors or bacteria. They also serve as potent regulatory cells, controlling other immune responses. Type I NKT cells use a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) whereas type II use diverse TCRs. Most often, type I NKT cells promote tumor immunity whereas type II tend to suppress it, and the two subtypes crossregulate each other, forming an immunoregulatory axis. Lack of tools to study these important cells has limited the understanding of these, but newer tools have allowed great advances, especially in mouse models. These range from transgenic and knock-out mice to CD1d tetramers carrying ligands for type I or II NKT cells, to antibodies and NKT cell hybridomas. Here we describe these complementary tools and approaches and their use to study NKT cells and their role in the immunology and immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Purevdorj B Olkhanud
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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28
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VanderLaan PA, Reardon CA, Cabana VG, Wang CR, Getz GS. Invariant Natural Killer T-Cells and Total CD1d Restricted Cells Differentially Influence Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis in Low Density Receptor Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184566. [PMID: 31540125 PMCID: PMC6770011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct subset of lymphocytes that bridge the innate and adaptive immune response and can be divided into type I invariant NKT cells (iNKT) and type II NKT cells. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of NKT cell on lipid metabolism and the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient (LDLR−/−) mice. Mice were fed an atherogenic diet for 4 or 8 weeks and plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis were measured. The selective absence of iNKT cells in Jα18−/−LDLR−/− mice led to an increase in plasma cholesterol levels in female mice. Transgenic Vα14tg/LDLR−/− mice with elevated numbers of iNKT cells had increased late atherosclerosis of the innominate artery, though absence of either iNKT cells or all NKT cells and other CD1d expressing cells had varying effects on atherosclerotic lesion burden in the ascending aortic arch and aortic root. These studies not only highlight the potential modulatory role played by NKT cells in atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism, but also raise the possibility that divergent roles may be played by iNKT and CD1d restricted cells such as type II NKT cells or other CD1d expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, 633 Clark St, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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29
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Suzuki S, Sakurai D, Sakurai T, Yonekura S, Iinuma T, Okuma Y, Ihara F, Arai T, Hanazawa T, Fukuda-Kawaguchi E, Ishii Y, Okamoto Y. Sublingual administration of liposomes enclosing alpha-galactosylceramide as an effective adjuvant of allergen immunotherapy in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. Allergol Int 2019; 68:352-362. [PMID: 30803854 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an established efficacious approach for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, SLIT requires a long administration period to establish stable and adequate responses. This study investigated the efficacy of the sublingual administration of an allergen with liposomes enclosing α-GalCer (α-GC-liposome) as a potential adjuvant in mice with AR. METHODS Mice with AR induced by OVA received the sublingual administration of OVA, α-GC-liposomes, or OVA plus α-GC-liposomes for 7 days. After nasal re-challenge with OVA, nasal symptoms were evaluated. The serum levels of OVA-specific Ig, the cytokine production of CD4+ T cells in the cultures of cervical lymph node (CLN) cells, and the gene expression of CLNs were analyzed. RESULTS Although IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production from CD4+ T cells in CLN cells was significantly inhibited by the sublingual administration of OVA alone in mice with AR induced by OVA, their nasal symptoms were not significantly diminished. However, the combined sublingual administration of α-GC-liposomes and OVA completely suppressed nasal symptoms, downregulated Th2 and Th17 type cytokine production in CD4+ T cells as well as Th2 and Th17 gene expressions, and upregulated Th1 type cytokine production as well as Th1 gene expressions in CLN cells. Additionally, the serum levels of specific IgG2a were promoted, and specific IgE and IgG1 were inhibited. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the sublingual administration of an allergen with α-GC-liposomes as an adjuvant might increase the therapeutic efficacy and effectiveness of this treatment method.
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30
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Dashtsoodol N, Bortoluzzi S, Schmidt-Supprian M. T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31080448 PMCID: PMC6497757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique ability to promptly secrete copious amounts of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, typically produced by different T helper cell types, iNKT cells are implicated in the regulation of various pathologic conditions such as infection, allergy, autoimmune disease, maintenance of transplantation tolerance, and cancer. This striking multifaceted role in immune regulation is correlated with the presence of multiple functionally distinct iNKT cell subsets that can be distinguished based on the expression of characteristic surface markers and transcription factors. However, to date it, remains largely unresolved how this puzzling diversity of iNKT cell functional subsets emerges and what factors dictate the type of effector cell differentiation during the thymic differentiation considering the mono-specific nature of their T cell receptor (TCR) and their selecting molecule CD1d. Here, we summarize recent findings focusing on the role of TCR-mediated signaling and discuss possible mechanisms that may influence the sub-lineage choice of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyambayar Dashtsoodol
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sabrina Bortoluzzi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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31
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Paget C, Deng S, Soulard D, Priestman DA, Speca S, von Gerichten J, Speak AO, Saroha A, Pewzner-Jung Y, Futerman AH, Mallevaey T, Faveeuw C, Gu X, Platt FM, Sandhoff R, Trottein F. TLR9-mediated dendritic cell activation uncovers mammalian ganglioside species with specific ceramide backbones that activate invariant natural killer T cells. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000169. [PMID: 30822302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a heterogeneous population of lipid-reactive T cells that are involved in many immune responses, mediated through T-cell receptor (TCR)–dependent and/or independent activation. Although numerous microbial lipid antigens (Ags) have been identified, several lines of evidence have suggested the existence of relevant Ags of endogenous origin. However, the identification of their precise nature as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in their generation are still highly controversial and ill defined. Here, we identified two mammalian gangliosides—namely monosialoganglioside GM3 and disialoganglioside GD3—as endogenous activators for mouse iNKT cells. These glycosphingolipids are found in Toll-like receptor-stimulated dendritic cells (DC) as several species varying in their N-acyl fatty chain composition. Interestingly, their ability to activate iNKT cells is highly dependent on the ceramide backbone structure. Thus, both synthetic GM3 and GD3 comprising a d18:1-C24:1 ceramide backbone were able to activate iNKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner. GM3 and GD3 are not directly recognized by the iNKT TCR and required the Ag presenting cell intracellular machinery to reveal their antigenicity. We propose a new concept in which iNKT cells can rapidly respond to pre-existing self-molecules after stress-induced structural changes in CD1d-expressing cells. Moreover, these gangliosides conferred partial protection in the context of bacterial infection. Thus, this report identified new biologically relevant lipid self-Ags for iNKT cells. Although the existence of self-antigens for invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells is widely accepted, their precise nature remains a matter of debate. This study shows that two mammalian ganglioside species activate iNKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a population of unconventional T lymphocytes that activate rapidly during inflammation due to their innate-like features. They are unconventional since they do not react to peptidic antigens (Ags) presented by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules; instead, they recognize lipid-based Ags in the context of the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. While numerous Ags of microbial origins have been described, their endogenous Ags are far less understood and remain a matter of strong debate. Here, we report that engagement of an innate receptor on the Ag-presenting cells leads to modulation of their lipid metabolism. This results in an enrichment of particular glycosphingolipid species that differ in both the nonpolar tail and polar head structures. Among those, two species have the potential to activate iNKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner after further intracellular modifications. Based on these data, we propose a concept that iNKT cells can rapidly respond to pre-existing self-molecules after stress-induced changes in CD1d-expressing cells. Given the presence of closely related molecules in some pathological conditions such as cancer, it will be interesting to evaluate the biological relevance of these Ags in disease states.
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32
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Halder RC, Tran C, Prasad P, Wang J, Nallapothula D, Ishikawa T, Wang M, Zajonc DM, Singh RR. Self-glycerophospholipids activate murine phospholipid-reactive T cells and inhibit iNKT cell activation by competing with ligands for CD1d loading. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:242-254. [PMID: 30508304 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids and glycerophospholipids bind CD1d. Glycosphingolipid-reactive invariant NKT-cells (iNKT) exhibit myriad immune effects, however, little is known about the functions of phospholipid-reactive T cells (PLT). We report that the normal mouse immune repertoire contains αβ T cells, which recognize self-glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidic acid (PA) in a CD1d-restricted manner and don't cross-react with iNKT-cell ligands. PA bound to CD1d in the absence of lipid transfer proteins. Upon in vivo priming, PA induced an expansion and activation of T cells in Ag-specific manner. Crystal structure of the CD1d:PA complex revealed that the ligand is centrally located in the CD1d-binding groove opening for TCR recognition. Moreover, the increased flexibility of the two acyl chains in diacylglycerol ligands and a less stringent-binding orientation for glycerophospholipids as compared with the bindings of glycosphingolipids may allow glycerophospholipids to readily occupy CD1d. Indeed, PA competed with α-galactosylceramide to load onto CD1d, leading to reduced expression of CD1d:α-galactosylceramide complexes on the surface of dendritic cells. Consistently, glycerophospholipids reduced iNKT-cell proliferation, expansion, and cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. Such superior ability of self-glycerophospholipids to compete with iNKT-cell ligands to occupy CD1d may help maintain homeostasis between the diverse subsets of lipid-reactive T cells, with important pathogenetic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chandra Halder
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Tran
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priti Prasad
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dhiraj Nallapothula
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meiying Wang
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ram Raj Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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33
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Nakasone Y, Kumagai K, Matsubara R, Shigematsu H, Kitaura K, Suzuki S, Satoh M, Hamada Y, Suzuki R. Characterization of T cell receptors in a novel murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209248. [PMID: 30557354 PMCID: PMC6296741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel is a component of several alloy types that are widely used in our environment, including several dental alloy types that cause intraoral metal contact allergy. However, metal-specific immune responses in the oral mucosa have not been elucidated because a suitable animal model has not been established. In this study, we established a novel murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy and aimed to elucidate the immune response in terms of T-cell receptor repertoire and cytokine profiles in inflamed oral mucosa. The intraoral metal contact allergy model was induced by two sensitizations of nickel plus lipopolysaccharide solution into the postauricular skin followed by a single nickel challenge of the buccal mucosa. Cytokine expression profiles and T-cell phenotypes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. T cells accumulated in the cervical lymph nodes and inflamed oral mucosa were characterized by analyzing their T-cell receptor α- and β-chain repertoires, and the nucleotide sequences of complementary determining region 3. Significant swelling and pathological features were histologically evident at 1 day after challenge in mice with nickel allergy. At 1 day after the challenge, CD8-positive T cells producing high levels of T helper 1 type cytokines had accumulated in the allergic oral mucosa. At 7 days after the challenge, excessive nickel allergy in the oral mucosa was suppressed by regulatory T cells. Characterization of the T-cell receptor repertoire in nickel allergic mice revealed the presence of natural killer T cells and T cells bearing Trav6-6-Traj57 at 1 day after the challenge. Our murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy showed that natural killer T cells and T cells bearing Trav6-6-Traj57 might be involved in the immune responses of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Nakasone
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
- * E-mail: (RS); (KKu)
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama General Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shigematsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Satsuki Suzuki
- Section of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Odontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- * E-mail: (RS); (KKu)
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34
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Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T cells that express an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognize self and foreign glycolipid antigens. They can rapidly respond to agonist activation and stimulate an extensive array of immune responses. Thymic development and function of iNKT cells are regulated by many different cellular processes, including autophagy, a self-degradation mechanism. In this mini review, we discuss the current understanding of how autophagy regulates iNKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation. Importantly, we propose that iNKT cell development is tightly controlled by metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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35
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Chen Q, Guo X, Deng N, Liu L, Chen S, Wang A, Li R, Huang Y, Ding X, Yu H, Hu S, Nie H. α-galactosylceramide generates lung regulatory T cells through the activated natural killer T cells in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1072-1085. [PMID: 30421497 PMCID: PMC6349240 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that intraperitoneal injection of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) has the ability to activate lung iNKT cells, but α-GalCer-activated iNKT cells do not result in airway inflammation in wild-type (WT) mice. Many studies showed that iNKT cells had the capacity to induce Treg cells, which gave rise to peripheral tolerance. Therefore, we examined the influence of intraperitoneal administration of α-GalCer on the expansion and suppressive activity of lung Treg cells using iNKT cell-knockout mice and co-culture experiments in vitro. We also compared airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after α-GalCer administration in specific anti-CD25 mAb-treated mice. Our data showed that intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer could promote the expansion of lung Treg cells in WT mice, but not in iNKT cell-knockout mice. However, α-GalCer administration could not boost suppressive activity of Treg cells in WT mice and iNKT cell-knockout mice. Interestingly, functional inactivation of Treg cells could induce airway inflammation and AHR in WT mice treated with α-GalCer. Furthermore, α-GalCer administration could enhance iNKT cells to secrete IL-2, and neutralization of IL-2 reduced the expansion of Treg cells in vivo and in vitro. Thus, intraperitoneal administration of α-GalCer can induce the generation of lung Treg cells in mice through the release of IL-2 by the activated iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuxue Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nishan Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Nursing Department, Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongying Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Suping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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36
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Maricic I, Marrero I, Eguchi A, Nakamura R, Johnson CD, Dasgupta S, Hernandez CD, Nguyen PS, Swafford AD, Knight R, Feldstein AE, Loomba R, Kumar V. Differential Activation of Hepatic Invariant NKT Cell Subsets Plays a Key Role in Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Immunol 2018; 201:3017-3035. [PMID: 30322964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune mechanisms play an important role in inflammatory chronic liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cell subsets in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We used α-galactosylceramide/CD1d tetramers and clonotypic mAb together with intracytoplasmic cytokine staining to analyze iNKT cells in choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined (CDAA)-induced murine NASH model and in human PBMCs, respectively. Cytokine secretion of hepatic iNKT cells in CDAA-fed C57BL/6 mice altered from predominantly IL-17+ to IFN-γ+ and IL-4+ during NASH progression along with the downmodulation of TCR and NK1.1 expression. Importantly, steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis were dependent upon the presence of iNKT cells. Hepatic stellate cell activation and infiltration of neutrophils, Kupffer cells, and CD8+ T cells as well as expression of key proinflammatory and fibrogenic genes were significantly blunted in Jα18-/- mice and in C57BL/6 mice treated with an iNKT-inhibitory RAR-γ agonist. Gut microbial diversity was significantly impacted in Jα18-/- and in CDAA diet-fed mice. An increased frequency of CXCR3+IFN-γ+T-bet+ and IL-17A+ iNKT cells was found in PBMC from NASH patients in comparison with nonalcoholic fatty liver patients or healthy controls. Consistent with their in vivo activation, iNKT cells from NASH patients remained hyporesponsive to ex-vivo stimulation with α-galactosylceramide. Accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in both mice and NASH patients suggest their role in activation of iNKT cells. In summary, our findings indicate that the differential activation of iNKT cells play a key role in mediating diet-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice and its potential involvement in NASH progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Maricic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Idania Marrero
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Casey D Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Suryasarathi Dasgupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Carolyn D Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Phirum Sam Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Austin D Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; .,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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37
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Garner LC, Klenerman P, Provine NM. Insights Into Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Biology From Studies of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1478. [PMID: 30013556 PMCID: PMC6036249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T cells that function at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. They express semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) and recognize unconventional non-peptide ligands bound to the MHC Class I-like molecules MR1 and CD1d, respectively. MAIT cells and iNKT cells exhibit an effector-memory phenotype and are enriched within the liver and at mucosal sites. In humans, MAIT cell frequencies dwarf those of iNKT cells, while in laboratory mouse strains the opposite is true. Upon activation via TCR- or cytokine-dependent pathways, MAIT cells and iNKT cells rapidly produce cytokines and show direct cytotoxic activity. Consequently, they are essential for effective immunity, and alterations in their frequency and function are associated with numerous infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Due to their abundance in mice and the earlier development of reagents, iNKT cells have been more extensively studied than MAIT cells. This has led to the routine use of iNKT cells as a reference population for the study of MAIT cells, and such an approach has proven very fruitful. However, MAIT cells and iNKT cells show important phenotypic, functional, and developmental differences that are often overlooked. With the recent availability of new tools, most importantly MR1 tetramers, it is now possible to directly study MAIT cells to understand their biology. Therefore, it is timely to compare the phenotype, development, and function of MAIT cells and iNKT cells. In this review, we highlight key areas where MAIT cells show similarity or difference to iNKT cells. In addition, we discuss important avenues for future research within the MAIT cell field, especially where comparison to iNKT cells has proven less informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Garner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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38
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a CD1d-restricted T cell population that can respond to lipid antigenic stimulation within minutes by secreting a wide variety of cytokines. This broad functional scope has placed iNKT cells at the frontlines of many kinds of immune responses. Although the diverse functional capacities of iNKT cells have long been acknowledged, only recently have distinct iNKT cell subsets, each with a marked functional predisposition, been appreciated. Furthermore, the subsets can frequently occupy distinct niches in different tissues and sometimes establish long-term tissue residency where they can impact homeostasis and respond quickly when they sense perturbations. In this review, we discuss the developmental origins of the iNKT cell subsets, their localization patterns, and detail what is known about how different subsets specifically influence their surroundings in conditions of steady and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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39
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Ren Y, Sekine-Kondo E, Tateyama M, Kasetthat T, Wongratanacheewin S, Watarai H. New Genetically Manipulated Mice Provide Insights Into the Development and Physiological Functions of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1294. [PMID: 29963043 PMCID: PMC6010523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T cell subset that exhibits characteristics of both innate immune cells and T cells. They express Vα14-Jα18 (Trav11-Traj18) as an invariant chain of the T cell receptor (TCR) and are restricted to the MHC class I-like monomorphic antigen presenting molecule CD1d. iNKT cells are known as immune regulators that bridge the innate and acquired immune systems by rapid and massive production of a wide range of cytokines, which could enable them to participate in immune responses during various disease states. Thus, Traj18-deficient mice, Cd1d-deficient mice, or iNKT cell-overexpressing mice such as iNKT TCRα transgenic mice and iNKT cell cloned mice which contain a Vα14-Jα18 rearrangement in the TCRα locus are useful experimental models for the analysis of iNKT cells in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we describe the pros and cons of the various available genetically manipulated mice and summarize the insights gained from their study, including the possible roles of iNKT cells in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Etsuko Sekine-Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Tateyama
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Thitinan Kasetthat
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Satoh M, Iwabuchi K. Role of Natural Killer T Cells in the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Insights From Recent Progress. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1314. [PMID: 29942311 PMCID: PMC6004523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells play important roles in adipose tissue inflammation, and thus influence the development of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The interactions between cluster of differentiation (CD)1d and NKT T cell receptor are thought to be critical in this process, as demonstrated in two NKT cell-deficient mouse models-systemic CD1d gene knockout (KO) and prototypic Jα18 KO mice. The latter lacks some repertoires besides invariant (i)NKT cells due to manipulation of the Jα18 gene segment; therefore, the role of iNKT vs. variant NKT cells must be reinterpreted considering the availability of new Jα18 KO mice. NKT cells have varied roles in the development of obesity; indeed, studies have reported contradictory results depending on the mouse model, diet, and rearing conditions, all of which could affect the microbiome. In this mini-review, we discuss these points considering recent findings from our laboratory and others as well as the role of NKT cells in the development of obesity and insulin resistance based on data obtained from studies on conditional CD1d1 KO and new Jα18 KO mice generated through gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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41
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Al Dulaimi D, Klibi J, Olivo Pimentel V, Parietti V, Allez M, Toubert A, Benlagha K. Critical Contribution of NK Group 2 Member D Expressed on Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Hepatitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1052. [PMID: 29868013 PMCID: PMC5966527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) is a well-characterized activating receptor expressed on many immune cells, including invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. These cells were shown to be responsible of liver injury in the model of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis, considered to be an experimental model of human autoimmune hepatitis. In this study, we investigated whether NKG2D plays a role in the hepatitis induced by iNKT cell-mediated immune response to Con A. By using killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1 deficient (Klrk1−/−) mice, we found that the absence of NKG2D reduced the hepatic injury upon Con A administration. This was not due to an intrinsic functional defect of NKG2D-deficient iNKT cells as mice missing NKG2D have normal distribution and function of iNKT cells. Furthermore, increased resistance to Con A-induced hepatitis was confirmed using neutralizing anti-NKG2D antibodies. The reduced pathogenic effect of Con A in the absence of NKG2D correlates with a reduction in pathogenic cytokine production and FAS-Ligand (FAS-L) expression by iNKT cells. We also found that Con A administration led to an increase in the retinoic acid early inducible (RAE-1) surface expression on wild-type hepatocytes. Finally, we found that Con A has no direct action on FAS-L expression or cytokine production by iNKT cells and thus propose that NKG2D-L expression on stressed hepatocytes promote cytotoxic activity of iNKT cells via its interaction with NKG2D contributing to hepatic injury. In conclusion, our results highlight NKG2D as an essential receptor required for the activation of iNKT cells in Con A-induced hepatitis and indicate that it represents a potential drug target for prevention of autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Al Dulaimi
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jihene Klibi
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Veronica Olivo Pimentel
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Parietti
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Département d'Expérimentation Animale, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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42
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Shen S, Prame Kumar K, Stanley D, Moore RJ, Van TTH, Wen SW, Hickey MJ, Wong CHY. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Shape the Gut Microbiota and Regulate Neutrophil Recruitment and Function During Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:999. [PMID: 29867976 PMCID: PMC5949322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and neutrophils play an increasingly important part in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, but their precise roles in modulating colitis remain unclear. Previous studies have shown important interplays between host immune system and the gut microbiota, and the resulting modulation of inflammation. However, the interactions between iNKT cells, neutrophil and gut microbiota in regulating colitis pathology are poorly understood. Here, we show iNKT cell-deficient Jα18−/− mice display reduced dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. We reveal that there is a distinct gut microbiota shaped by the absence of iNKT cells, which comprises of microorganisms that are associated with protection from colonic inflammation. Additionally, the reduced inflammation in Jα18−/− mice was correlated with increased expressions of neutrophil chemoattractant (Cxcl1 and Cxcl2) and increased neutrophil recruitment. However, these neutrophils were recruited to the colon at day 3 of our model, prior to observable clinical signs at day 5. Further analysis shows that these neutrophils, primed by the microbiota shaped by the lack of iNKT cells, exhibit anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. Indeed, depletion of neutrophils in DSS-treated Jα18−/− mice demonstrates that neutrophils confer an anti-colitogenic effect in the absence of iNKT cells. Thus, our data supports a changing dogma that neutrophils possess important regulatory roles in inflammation and highlights the complexity of the iNKT cell–microbiota–neutrophil axis in regulating colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sj Shen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Prame Kumar
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shu Wen Wen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Connie H Y Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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43
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Sundararaj S, Zhang J, Krovi SH, Bedel R, Tuttle KD, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Khandokar Y, Praveena T, Le Nours J, Matsuda JL, Rossjohn J, Gapin L. Differing roles of CD1d2 and CD1d1 proteins in type I natural killer T cell development and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1204-13. [PMID: 29351991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716669115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC class I-like CD1 molecules have evolved to present lipid-based antigens to T cells. Differences in the antigen-binding clefts of the CD1 family members determine the conformation and size of the lipids that are presented, although the factors that shape CD1 diversity remain unclear. In mice, two homologous genes, CD1D1 and CD1D2, encode the CD1d protein, which is essential to the development and function of natural killer T (NKT) cells. However, it remains unclear whether both CD1d isoforms are equivalent in their antigen presentation capacity and functions. Here, we report that CD1d2 molecules are expressed in the thymus of some mouse strains, where they select functional type I NKT cells. Intriguingly, the T cell antigen receptor repertoire and phenotype of CD1d2-selected type I NKT cells in CD1D1-/- mice differed from CD1d1-selected type I NKT cells. The structures of CD1d2 in complex with endogenous lipids and a truncated acyl-chain analog of α-galactosylceramide revealed that its A'-pocket was restricted in size compared with CD1d1. Accordingly, CD1d2 molecules could not present glycolipid antigens with long acyl chains efficiently, favoring the presentation of short acyl chain antigens. These results indicate that the two CD1d molecules present different sets of self-antigen(s) in the mouse thymus, thereby impacting the development of invariant NKT cells.
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44
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Kumar A, Suryadevara N, Hill TM, Bezbradica JS, Van Kaer L, Joyce S. Natural Killer T Cells: An Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology Perspective. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1858. [PMID: 29312339 PMCID: PMC5743650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I-like protein CD1d. Agonistic activation of NKT cells leads to rapid pro-inflammatory and immune modulatory cytokine and chemokine responses. This property of NKT cells, in conjunction with their interactions with antigen-presenting cells, controls downstream innate and adaptive immune responses against cancers and infectious diseases, as well as in several inflammatory disorders. NKT cell properties are acquired during development in the thymus and by interactions with the host microbial consortium in the gut, the nature of which can be influenced by NKT cells. This latter property, together with the role of the host microbiota in cancer therapy, necessitates a new perspective. Hence, this review provides an initial approach to understanding NKT cells from an ecological evolutionary developmental biology (eco-evo-devo) perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Timothy M Hill
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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45
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Bojarska-Junak A, Waldowska M, Woś J, Chocholska S, Hus I, Tomczak W, Dzik M, Hus M, Roliński J. Intracellular IL-4 and IFN-γ expression in iNKT cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1580-1590. [PMID: 29434853 PMCID: PMC5776947 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia serve an essential role in the whole immune response, so their interactions with other immune cells are more complex than observed in solid tumors. The latest study results indicate that the immune dysregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) also affects a small population of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT). Using peripheral blood iNKT cells obtained from patients with CLL, the objective of the present study was to assess the intracellular expression of typical cytokines involved in the Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4) response pathways following stimulation with the iNKT-specific ligand α-galactosylceramide. iNKT cells from patients with CLL exhibited upregulated IL-4 and IFN-γ expression in comparison to those from HVs. No significant association between the ability of iNKT cells to produce IL-4 or IFN-γ and the expression of CD1d on leukemic B lymphocytes or monocytes was identified. However, the function of iNKT cells was compromised in patients with CLL by a strong Th2 bias (high IL-4 and low IFN-γ expression). The ratio of iNKT+IFN-γ+:iNKT+IL-4+ was significantly decreased in the CLL group when compared with HVs, and this decreased further as the disease progressed. This change may result in the promotion of leukemic B lymphocyte survival. Therefore, in the pathogenesis of CLL, Th2 bias may delay the antitumor response that relies on stimulation of the Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Waldowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Woś
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chocholska
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Hus
- Department of Clinical Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Dzik
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Hus
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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46
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Kumar A, Gordy LE, Bezbradica JS, Stanic AK, Hill TM, Boothby MR, Van Kaer L, Joyce S. NF-κB Protects NKT Cells from Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1-induced Death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15594. [PMID: 29142275 PMCID: PMC5688132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Semi-invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes with immunoregulatory properties. NKT cell survival during development requires signal processing by activated RelA/NF-κB. Nonetheless, the upstream signal(s) integrated by NF-κB in developing NKT cells remains incompletely defined. We show that the introgression of Bcl-xL-coding Bcl2l1 transgene into NF-κB signalling-deficient IκBΔN transgenic mouse rescues NKT cell development and differentiation in this mouse model. We reasoned that NF-κB activation was protecting developing NKT cells from death signals emanating either from high affinity agonist recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) or from a death receptor, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) or Fas. Surprisingly, the single and combined deficiency in PKC-θ or CARMA-1-the two signal transducers at the NKT TCR proximal signalling node-only partially recapitulated the NKT cell deficiency observed in IκBΔN tg mouse. Accordingly, introgression of the Bcl2l1 transgene into PKC-θ null mouse failed to rescue NKT cell development. Instead, TNFR1-deficiency, but not the Fas-deficiency, rescued NKT cell development in IκBΔN tg mice. Consistent with this finding, treatment of thymocytes with an antagonist of the inhibitor of κB kinase -which blocks downstream NF-κB activation- sensitized NKT cells to TNF-α-induced cell death in vitro. Hence, we conclude that signal integration by NF-κB protects developing NKT cells from death signals emanating from TNFR1, but not from the NKT TCR or Fas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laura E Gordy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy M Hill
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - Mark R Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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47
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Ren Y, Sekine-Kondo E, Shibata R, Kato-Itoh M, Umino A, Yanagida A, Satoh M, Inoue K, Yamaguchi T, Mochida K, Nakae S, Van Kaer L, Iwabuchi K, Nakauchi H, Watarai H. A Novel Mouse Model of iNKT Cell-deficiency Generated by CRISPR/Cas9 Reveals a Pathogenic Role of iNKT Cells in Metabolic Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12765. [PMID: 28986544 PMCID: PMC5630609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells play important roles in immune regulation by bridging the innate and acquired immune systems. The functions of iNKT cells have been investigated in mice lacking the Traj18 gene segment that were generated by traditional embryonic stem cell technology, but these animals contain a biased T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire that might affect immune responses. To circumvent this confounding factor, we have generated a new strain of iNKT cell-deficient mice by deleting the Traj18 locus using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and these animals contain an unbiased TCR repertoire. We employed these mice to investigate the contribution of iNKT cells to metabolic disease and found a pathogenic role of these cells in obesity-associated insulin-resistance. The new Traj18-deficient mouse strain will assist in studies of iNKT cell biology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Loci
- Glucose Intolerance/pathology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Metabolic Diseases/immunology
- Metabolic Diseases/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation/genetics
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Obesity/pathology
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Etsuko Sekine-Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Shibata
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Cellulose Production Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Cellulose Production Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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48
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Ghinnagow R, De Meester J, Cruz LJ, Aspord C, Corgnac S, Macho-Fernandez E, Soulard D, Fontaine J, Chaperot L, Charles J, Soncin F, Mami-Chouaib F, Plumas J, Faveeuw C, Trottein F. Co-delivery of the NKT agonist α-galactosylceramide and tumor antigens to cross-priming dendritic cells breaks tolerance to self-antigens and promotes antitumor responses. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1339855. [PMID: 28932640 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1339855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines designed to abrogate the tolerance of tumor self-antigens and amplify cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) have promise for the treatment of cancer. Type I natural killer (NKT) cells have attracted considerable interest in the cancer therapy field. In the current study, we have exploited the unique ability of NKT cells to serve as T-helper cells to license dendritic cells (DCs) for cross priming with the aim to generate efficient CTL antitumor responses. To this end, we designed a nanoparticle-based vaccine to target cross-priming DCs via the Clec9a endocytic pathway. Our results showed for the first time that simultaneous co-delivery of the NKT agonist α-galactosylceramide and tumor self-antigens (Trp2 and gp100) to CD8α+ DCs promotes strong antitumor responses in prophylactic and therapeutic settings (advanced solid tumor model in the mouse). We attributed the vaccine's therapeutic effects to NKT cells (but not to T-helper lymphocytes) and CD8+ T cells. Efficacy was correlated with an elevated ratio between tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and regulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes within the tumor. The nanoparticle-based vaccine actively targeted human CLEC9A-expressing BDCA3+ DCs - the equivalent of murine cross-priming CD8α+ DCs - and induced a strong expansion of effector memory tumor self-antigen (Melan -A)-specific CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells sourced from healthy donors and melanoma patients. Together, our result shed light on novel therapeutic approaches for controlling tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ghinnagow
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie De Meester
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luis Javier Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Etablissement Français du Sang-Rhone-Alpes, F-38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Elodie Macho-Fernandez
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Josette Fontaine
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Etablissement Français du Sang-Rhone-Alpes, F-38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Charles
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Etablissement Français du Sang-Rhone-Alpes, F-38700 Grenoble, France.,Dermatology department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, F-38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8161, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Joel Plumas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Etablissement Français du Sang-Rhone-Alpes, F-38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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49
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White AJ, Baik S, Parnell SM, Holland AM, Brombacher F, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. A type 2 cytokine axis for thymus emigration. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2205-2216. [PMID: 28694386 PMCID: PMC5551576 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the thymus, stromal microenvironments support a developmental program that generates mature T cells ready for thymic exit. The cellular and molecular specialization within thymic stromal cells that enables their regulation of specific stages of thymocyte development is poorly understood. Here, we show the thymic microenvironment expresses the type 2 IL-4R complex and is functionally responsive to its known ligands, IL-4 and IL-13. Absence of IL-4Rα limits thymocyte emigration, leading to an intrathymic accumulation of mature thymocytes within medullary perivascular spaces and reduced numbers of recent thymic emigrants. Thymus transplantation shows this requirement maps to IL-4Rα expression by stromal cells, and we provide evidence that it regulates thymic exit via a process distinct from S1P-mediated migration. Finally, we reveal a cellular mechanism by which IL-4+IL-13+ invariant NKT cells are necessary for IL-4Rα signaling that regulates thymic exit. Collectively, we define a new axis for thymic emigration involving stimulation of the thymic microenvironment via type 2 cytokines from innate T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J White
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Song Baik
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Sonia M Parnell
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Amanda M Holland
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William E Jenkinson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
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50
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Larsson LC, Anderson P, Widner H, Korsgren O. Enhanced Survival of Porcine Neural Xenografts in Mice Lacking CD1d1, But No Effect of NK1.1 Depletion. Cell Transplant 2017; 10:295-304. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of embryonic porcine neurons may restore neurological function in patients with Parkinson's disease, if immunological rejection could be prevented. This study was performed to investigate the role of natural killer cells (NK cells) and NK1.1+ T cells (NK T cells) in the rejection of neural xenografts. A cell suspension was prepared from the ventral mesencephalon of 26 – 27-day-old pig embryos, and 2 μl was implanted in the right striata of mutant CD1d1 null (CD1.1-/-) mice, NK1.1-depleted mice, and controls. The CD1.1-/- mice are deficient in NK T cells and the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d1. Graft survival and host responses were determined immunohistochemically using markers for dopamine neurons, CD4-, CD8- cells, microglia, and macrophages. At 2 weeks, the grafts were significantly larger in CD1.1-/- mice, 0.09 ± 0.02 μl (mean ± SEM), compared with controls, 0.05 ± 0.01 μl. There was no significant difference between NK1.1-depleted mice, 0.02 ± 0.01 μl, and controls. At 5 weeks, two grafts were still present in the CD1-/- mice, whereas only scars remained in the controls and in the NK1.1-depleted mice. Immune reactions were strong at 2 weeks and less pronounced at 5 weeks in all groups. Microglial activation was lower in NK-depleted mice than in the controls at 2 weeks. In contrast to organ xenografting, NK1.1+ cells do not seem to be important mediators of the rejection of discordant cellular neural xenografts. However, our results suggest that the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d1 may be involved in the rejection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C. Larsson
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Anderson
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Widner
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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