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Ayuyan AG, Cherny VV, Chaves G, Musset B, Cohen FS, DeCoursey TE. Interaction with stomatin directs human proton channels into cholesterol-dependent membrane domains. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00168-1. [PMID: 38444158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Many membrane proteins are modulated by cholesterol. Here we report profound effects of cholesterol depletion and restoration on the human voltage-gated proton channel, hHV1, in excised patches but negligible effects in the whole-cell configuration. Despite the presence of a putative cholesterol-binding site, a CARC motif in hHV1, mutation of this motif did not affect cholesterol effects. The murine HV1 lacks a CARC sequence but displays similar cholesterol effects. These results argue against a direct effect of cholesterol on the HV1 protein. However, the data are fully explainable if HV1 preferentially associates with cholesterol-dependent lipid domains, or "rafts." The rafts would be expected to concentrate in the membrane/glass interface and to be depleted from the electrically accessible patch membrane. This idea is supported by evidence that HV1 channels can diffuse between seal and patch membranes when suction is applied. Simultaneous truncation of the large intracellular N and C termini of hHV1 greatly attenuated the cholesterol effect, but C truncation alone did not; this suggests that the N terminus is the region of attachment to lipid domains. Searching for abundant raft-associated proteins led to stomatin. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment results were consistent with hHV1 binding to stomatin. The stomatin-mediated association of HV1 with cholesterol-dependent lipid domains provides a mechanism for cells to direct HV1 to subcellular locations where it is needed, such as the phagosome in leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem G Ayuyan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Vladimir V Cherny
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gustavo Chaves
- Institut für Physiologie, Pathophysiologie und Biophysik, CPPB, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Boris Musset
- Institut für Physiologie, Pathophysiologie und Biophysik, CPPB, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Fredric S Cohen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas E DeCoursey
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois.
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2
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Okayama A, Hoshino T, Wada K, Takahashi H. Comparison of structural effects of cholesterol, lanosterol, and oxysterol on phospholipid (POPC) bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 259:105376. [PMID: 38325710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Membrane sterols contribute to the function of biomembranes by regulating the physical properties of the lipid bilayers. Cholesterol, a typical mammalian sterol, is biosynthesized by oxidation of lanosterol. From a molecular evolutionary perspective, lanosterol is considered the ancestral molecule of cholesterol. Here, we studied whether cholesterol is superior to lanosterol in regulating the physical properties of the lipid bilayer in terms of the structural effect on model biomembranes composed of a phospholipid. For comparison, oxysterol, which is formed by oxidation of cholesterol, was also studied. The phospholipid used was 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), which is abundantly found in mammalian biomembranes, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, which is highly cytotoxic, was used as the oxysterol. The apparent molecular volume was calculated from the mass density determined by the flotation method using H2O and D2O, and the bilayer thickness was determined by reconstructing the electron density distribution from X-ray diffraction data of the POPC/sterol mixtures at a sterol concentration of 30 mol%. The apparent occupied area at the bilayer surface was calculated from the above two structural data. The cholesterol system had the thickest bilayer thickness and the smallest occupied area of the three sterols studied here. This indicates that the POPC/cholesterol bilayer has a better barrier property than the other two systems. Compared to cholesterol, the effects of lanosterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol on lipid bilayer properties can be interpreted as suboptimal for the function of mammalian biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Okayama
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hoshino
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Wada
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan.
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3
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Murate M, Yokoyama N, Tomishige N, Richert L, Humbert N, Pollet B, Makino A, Kono N, Mauri L, Aoki J, Sako Y, Sonnino S, Komura N, Ando H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Inamori KI, Inokuchi JI, Mély Y, Iwabuchi K, Kobayashi T. Cell density-dependent membrane distribution of ganglioside GM3 in melanoma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:167. [PMID: 37249637 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Monosialoganglioside GM3 is the simplest ganglioside involved in various cellular signaling. Cell surface distribution of GM3 is thought to be crucial for the function of GM3, but little is known about the cell surface GM3 distribution. It was shown that anti-GM3 monoclonal antibody binds to GM3 in sparse but not in confluent melanoma cells. Our model membrane study evidenced that monoclonal anti-GM3 antibodies showed stronger binding when GM3 was in less fluid membrane environment. Studies using fluorescent GM3 analogs suggested that GM3 was clustered in less fluid membrane. Moreover, fluorescent lifetime measurement showed that cell surface of high density melanoma cells is more fluid than that of low density cells. Lipidomics and fatty acid supplementation experiment suggested that monounsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylcholine contributed to the cell density-dependent membrane fluidity. Our results indicate that anti-GM3 antibody senses GM3 clustering and the number and/or size of GM3 cluster differ between sparse and confluent melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Humbert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Pollet
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Asami Makino
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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4
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Shrivastava S, Paila YD, Chattopadhyay A. Role of Cholesterol and its Biosynthetic Precursors on Membrane Organization and Dynamics: A Fluorescence Approach. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:189-197. [PMID: 36781437 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is the most representative sterol present in membranes of higher eukaryotes, and is the end product of a long and multistep biosynthetic pathway. Lathosterol and zymosterol are biosynthetic precursors of cholesterol in Kandutsch-Russell and Bloch pathways, respectively. Lathosterol differs with cholesterol merely in the position of the double bond in the sterol ring, whereas zymosterol differs with cholesterol in position and number of double bonds. In this work, we have monitored the effect of cholesterol and its biosynthetic precursors (lathosterol and zymosterol) on membrane organization and dynamics in fluid and gel phase membranes. Toward this goal, we have utilized two fluorescent membrane probes, DPH and its cationic derivative TMA-DPH. Our results using these probes show that cholesterol and its biosynthetic precursors (lathosterol and zymosterol) exhibit similar trend in maintaining membrane organization and dynamics (as reported by fluorescence anisotropy and apparent rotational correlation time), in fluid phase POPC membranes. Notably, although lathosterol and zymosterol show similar trend in maintaining membrane organization and dynamics, the corresponding change for cholesterol is different in gel phase DPPC membranes. These results demonstrate that the position and number of double bonds in sterols is an important determinant in maintaining membrane physical properties. Our results assume significance since accumulation of precursors of cholesterol have been reported to be associated with severe pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Shrivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Yamuna Devi Paila
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.,Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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5
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Chattopadhyay A, Sharma A. Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: A pathophysiological manifestation of the Bloch hypothesis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1120373. [PMID: 36714259 PMCID: PMC9878332 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1120373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of cholesterol, an essential component of higher eukaryotic membranes, was worked out by Konrad Bloch (and Feodor Lynen) in the 1960s and they received the Nobel Prize around that time in recognition of their pioneering contributions. An elegant consequence of this was a hypothesis proposed by Konrad Bloch (the Bloch hypothesis) which suggests that each subsequent intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is superior in supporting membrane function in higher eukaryotes relative to its precursor. In this review, we discuss an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, known as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), associated with a defect in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis that results in accumulation of the immediate precursor of cholesterol in its biosynthetic pathway (7-dehydrocholesterol) and an altered cholesterol to total sterol ratio. Patients suffering from SLOS have several developmental, behavioral and cognitive abnormalities for which no drug is available yet. We characterize SLOS as a manifestation of the Bloch hypothesis and review its molecular etiology and current treatment. We further discuss defective Hedgehog signaling in SLOS and focus on the role of the serotonin1A receptor, a representative neurotransmitter receptor belonging to the GPCR family, in SLOS. Notably, ligand binding activity and cellular signaling of serotonin1A receptors are impaired in SLOS-like condition. Importantly, cellular localization and intracellular trafficking of the serotonin1A receptor (which constitute an important determinant of a GPCR cellular function) are compromised in SLOS. We highlight some of the recent developments and emerging concepts in SLOS pathobiology and suggest that novel therapies based on trafficking defects of target receptors could provide new insight into treatment of SLOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Amitabha Chattopadhyay,
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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6
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Abstract
Ca2+/voltage-gated, large conductance K+ channels (BKCa) are formed by homotetrameric association of α (slo1) subunits. Their activity, however, is suited to tissue-specific physiology largely due to their association with regulatory subunits (β and γ types), chaperone proteins, localized signaling, and the channel's lipid microenvironment. PIP2 and cholesterol can modulate BKCa activity independently of downstream signaling, yet activating Ca2+i levels and regulatory subunits control ligand action. At physiological Ca2+i and voltages, cholesterol and PIP2 reduce and increase slo1 channel activity, respectively. Moreover, slo1 proteins provide sites that seem to recognize cholesterol and PIP2: seven CRAC motifs in the slo1 cytosolic tail and a string of positively charged residues (Arg329, Lys330, Lys331) immediately after S6, respectively. A model that could explain the modulation of BKCa activity by cholesterol and/or PIP2 is hypothesized. The roles of additional sites, whether in slo1 or BKCa regulatory subunits, for PIP2 and/or cholesterol to modulate BKCa function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalini Vaithianathan
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Schneider
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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7
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Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Gazgalis D, Logothetis DE. PI(4,5)P 2 and Cholesterol: Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1422:3-59. [PMID: 36988876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide and cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane (PM). Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signaling molecules and major regulators of protein function. This chapter provides an overview of these two important lipids. Starting from a brief description of their structure, synthesis, and regulation, the chapter continues to describe the primary functions and signaling processes in which PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol are involved. While PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act independently, they often act in concert or affect each other's impact. The chapters in this volume on "Cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in Vital Biological Functions: From Coexistence to Crosstalk" focus on the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a variety of biological systems and processes. In this chapter, the next section provides examples from the ion channel field demonstrating that PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act via common mechanisms. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Shi N, Yan X, Adeleye AS, Zhang X, Zhou D, Zhao L. Effects of WS 2 Nanosheets on N 2-fixing Cyanobacteria: ROS overproduction, cell membrane damage, and cell metabolic reprogramming. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157706. [PMID: 35908696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicity of tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanomaterials remains unclear so far. Here, the toxicity of WS2 nanosheets on N2-fixing cyanobacteria (Nostoc sphaeroides) was evaluated. Specifically, Nostoc were cultivated in media spiked with different concentrations of WS2 nanosheets (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L) for 96 h. Relative to unexposed cells, WS2 nanosheets at 0.5 mg/L significantly decreased cell density, content of total sugar and protein by 10.9 %, 0.43 %, and 6.1 %, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics revealed that WS2 nanosheets exposure altered the metabolite profile of Nostoc in a dose-dependent manner. Energy metabolism related pathways, including the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, were significantly inhibited. In addition, WS2 nanosheets exposure resulted in downregulation (20-40 %) of S-containing amino acids (cystine, methionine, and cysteine) and sulfuric acid. Additionally, fatty acids and antioxidant-related compounds (formononetin, catechin, epigallocatechin, dehydroascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol) in Nostoc were drastically decreased by 4-50 % upon exposure to WS2 nanosheets, which implies oxidative stress induced by the nanomaterials. Biochemical assays for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) confirmed that WS2 nanosheets triggered ROS overproduction and induced lipid peroxidation. Taken together, WS2 exposure perturbed carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfate (S) metabolism of Nostoc, which may influence C, N, and S cycling, given the important roles of cyanobacteria in these processes. These results highlight the need for caution in the application and environmental release of WS2 nanomaterials to prevent unintended environmental impacts due to their potential ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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9
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Abstract
Biomembrane order, dynamics, and other essential physicochemical parameters are controlled by cholesterol, a major component of mammalian cell membranes. Although cholesterol is well known to exhibit a condensing effect on fluid lipid membranes, the extent of stiffening that occurs with different degrees of lipid acyl chain unsaturation remains an enigma. In this review, we show that cholesterol locally increases the bending rigidity of both unsaturated and saturated lipid membranes, suggesting there may be a length-scale dependence of the bending modulus. We review our published data that address the origin of the mechanical effects of cholesterol on unsaturated and polyunsaturated lipid membranes and their role in biomembrane functions. Through a combination of solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopy and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy, we show that changes in molecular packing cause the universal effects of cholesterol on the membrane bending rigidity. Our findings have broad implications for the role of cholesterol in lipid–protein interactions as well as raft-like mixtures, drug delivery applications, and the effects of antimicrobial peptides on lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima T Doole
- Deaprtment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85712, USA
| | - Teshani Kumarage
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Rana Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Michael F Brown
- Deaprtment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85712, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85712, USA.
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10
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Perez-Salas U, Porcar L, Garg S, Ayee MAA, Levitan I. Effective Parameters Controlling Sterol Transfer: A Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:423-435. [PMID: 35467109 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Though cholesterol is the most prevalent and essential sterol in mammalian cellular membranes, its precursors, post-synthesis cholesterol products, as well as its oxidized derivatives play many other important physiological roles. Using a non-invasive in situ technique, time-resolved small angle neutron scattering, we report on the rate of membrane desorption and corresponding activation energy for this process for a series of sterol precursors and post-synthesis cholesterol products that vary from cholesterol by the number and position of double bonds in B ring of cholesterol's steroid core. In addition, we report on sterols that have oxidation modifications in ring A and ring B of the steroid core. We find that sterols that differ in position or the number of double bonds in ring B have similar time and energy characteristics, while oxysterols have faster transfer rates and lower activation energies than cholesterol in a manner generally consistent with known sterol characteristics, like Log P, the n-octanol/water partitioning coefficient. We find, however, that membrane/water partitioning which is dependent on lipid-sterol interactions is a better predictor, shown by the correlation of the sterols' tilt modulus with both the desorption rates and activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Perez-Salas
- Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sumit Garg
- Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Manuela A A Ayee
- Department of Engineering, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Irena Levitan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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11
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London E. Ordered Domain (Raft) Formation in Asymmetric Vesicles and Its Induction upon Loss of Lipid Asymmetry in Artificial and Natural Membranes. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:870. [PMID: 36135889 PMCID: PMC9503047 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid asymmetry, the difference in the lipid composition in the inner and outer lipid monolayers (leaflets) of a membrane, is an important feature of eukaryotic plasma membranes. Investigation of the biophysical consequences of lipid asymmetry has been aided by advances in the ability to prepare artificial asymmetric membranes, especially by use of cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange. This review summarizes recent studies with artificial asymmetric membranes which have identified conditions in which asymmetry can induce or suppress the ability of membranes to form ordered domains (rafts). A consequence of the latter effect is that, under some conditions, a loss of asymmetry can induce ordered domain formation. An analogous study in plasma membrane vesicles has demonstrated that asymmetry can also suppress domain formation in natural membranes. Thus, it is possible that a loss of asymmetry can induce domain formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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12
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Fabiani C, Georgiev V, Peñalva A, Sigaut L, Pietrasanta L, Corradi J, Dimova R, Antollini S. Membrane lipid organization and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function: A two-way physiological relationship. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Shrivastava S, Sarkar P, Preira P, Salomé L, Chattopadhyay A. Cholesterol-Dependent Dynamics of the Serotonin 1A Receptor Utilizing Single Particle Tracking: Analysis of Diffusion Modes. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6682-6690. [PMID: 35973070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are signaling hubs in cell membranes that regulate a wide range of physiological processes and are popular drug targets. Serotonin1A receptors are important members of the GPCR family and are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cholesterol is a key constituent of higher eukaryotic membranes and is believed to contribute to the segregated distribution of membrane constituents into domains. To explore the role of cholesterol in lateral dynamics of GPCRs, we utilized single particle tracking (SPT) to monitor diffusion of serotonin1A receptors under acute and chronic cholesterol-depleted conditions. Our results show that the short-term diffusion coefficient of the receptor decreases upon cholesterol depletion, irrespective of the method of cholesterol depletion. Analysis of SPT trajectories revealed that relative populations of receptors undergoing various modes of diffusion change upon cholesterol depletion. Notably, in cholesterol-depleted cells, we observed an increase in the confined population of the receptor accompanied by a reduction in diffusion coefficient for chronic cholesterol depletion. These results are supported by our recent work and present observations that show polymerization of G-actin in response to chronic cholesterol depletion. Taken together, our results bring out the interdependence of cholesterol and actin cytoskeleton in regulating diffusion of GPCRs in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Shrivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Pascal Preira
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 31 077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Salomé
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 31 077 Toulouse, France
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14
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Chatterjee A, Ruturaj, Chakraborty MP, Nandi S, Purkayastha P. Biocompatible and optically stable hydrophobic fluorescent carbon dots for isolation and imaging of lipid rafts in model membrane. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022. [PMID: 35697813 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lateral heterogeneity in cell membranes features a variety of compositions that influence their inherent properties. One such biophysical variation is the formation of a membrane or lipid raft, which plays important roles in many cellular processes. The lipid rafts on the cell membrane are mostly identified by specific dyes and heavy metal quantum dots, which have their own drawbacks, such as cytotoxicity, photostability, and incompatibility. To this end, we synthesized special, hydrophobic, fluorescent, photostable, and non-cytotoxic carbon dots (CDs) by solvent-free thermal treatment using non-cytotoxic materials and incorporated into the lipid bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids. A 2:2:1 mixture of DOPC, DPPC, and cholesterol (Chol) develops lipid rafts on the membrane by phase separation. The photophysical properties of the CDs get modulated on incorporation into the lipid rafts that identifies the membrane heterogeneity. The main attempt in this work is to develop a new, simple, cost-effective, and bio-friendly lipid raft marker, which can be used in biological applications, alongside other conventional raft markers, with more advantages.
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16
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of plasma membrane and precursor of biological active compounds, including hydroxycholesterols (HCs). HCs regulate cellular homeostasis of cholesterol; they can pass across the membrane and vascular barriers and act distantly as para- and endocrine agents. A small amount of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is produced in the endoplasmic reticulum of most cells, where it serves as a potent regulator of the synthesis, intracellular transport, and storage of cholesterol. Production of 25-HC is strongly increased in the macrophages, dendrite cells, and microglia at the inflammatory response. The synthesis of 25-HC can be also upregulated in some neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spastic paraplegia type 5, and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. However, it is unclear whether 25-HC aggravates these pathologies or has the protective properties. The molecular targets for 25-HC are transcriptional factors (LX receptors, SREBP2, ROR), G protein-coupled receptor (GPR183), ion channels (NMDA receptors, SLO1), adhesive molecules (α5β1 and ανβ3 integrins), and oxysterol-binding proteins. The diversity of 25-HC-binding proteins points to the ability of HC to affect many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focused on the regulation of 25-HC production and its universal role in the control of cellular cholesterol homeostasis, as well as the effects of 25-HC as a signaling molecule mediating the influence of inflammation on the processes in the neuromuscular system and brain. Based on the evidence collected, it can be suggested that 25-HC prevents accumulation of cellular cholesterol and serves as a potent modulator of neuroinflammation, synaptic transmission, and myelinization. An increased production of 25-HC in response to a various type of damage can have a protective role and reduce neuronal loss. At the same time, an excess of 25-HC may exert the neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulia G Odnoshivkina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Eva A Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan, 420111, Russia.
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, 420012, Russia
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17
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Barrantes FJ. Fluorescence Studies of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Associated Lipid Milieu: The Influence of Erwin London's Methodological Approaches. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:563-574. [PMID: 35534578 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Erwin London dedicated considerable effort to understanding lipid interactions with membrane-resident proteins and how these interactions shaped the formation and maintenance of lipid phases and domains. In this endeavor, he developed ad hoc techniques that greatly contributed to advancements in the field. We have employed and/or modified/extended some of his methodological approaches and applied them to investigate lipid interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) protein, the paradigm member of the superfamily of rapid pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGIC). Our experimental systems ranged from purified receptor protein reconstituted into synthetic lipid membranes having known effects on receptor function, to cellular systems subjected to modification of their lipid content, e.g., varying cholesterol levels. We have often employed fluorescence techniques, including fluorescence quenching of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) extrinsic fluorescence and of nAChR intrinsic fluorescence by nitroxide spin-labeled phospholipids, DPH anisotropy, excimer formation of pyrene-phosphatidylcholine, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the protein moiety to the extrinsic probes Laurdan, DPH, or pyrene-phospholipid to characterize various biophysical properties of lipid-receptor interactions. Some of these strategies are revisited in this review. Special attention is devoted to the anionic phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), which stabilizes the functional resting form of the nAChR. The receptor protein was shown to organize its PA-containing immediate microenvironment into microdomains with high lateral packing density and rigidity. PA and cholesterol appear to compete for the same binding sites on the nAChR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, C1107AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Sancho M, Fletcher J, Welsh DG. Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels: Membrane Lipid-Dependent Mechanosensitive Gates in Brain Vascular Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:869481. [PMID: 35419431 PMCID: PMC8995785 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.869481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral arteries contain two primary and interacting cell types, smooth muscle (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), which are each capable of sensing particular hemodynamic forces to set basal tone and brain perfusion. These biomechanical stimuli help confer tone within arterial networks upon which local neurovascular stimuli function. Tone development is intimately tied to arterial membrane potential (VM) and changes in intracellular [Ca2+] driven by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Arterial VM is in turn set by the dynamic interplay among ion channel species, the strongly inward rectifying K+ (Kir) channel being of special interest. Kir2 channels possess a unique biophysical signature in that they strongly rectify, display negative slope conductance, respond to elevated extracellular K+ and are blocked by micromolar Ba2+. While functional Kir2 channels are expressed in both smooth muscle and endothelium, they lack classic regulatory control, thus are often viewed as a simple background conductance. Recent literature has provided new insight, with two membrane lipids, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and cholesterol, noted to (1) stabilize Kir2 channels in a preferred open or closed state, respectively, and (2) confer, in association with the cytoskeleton, caveolin-1 (Cav1) and syntrophin, hemodynamic sensitivity. It is these aspects of vascular Kir2 channels that will be the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Sancho,
| | - Jacob Fletcher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Donald G. Welsh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Donald G. Welsh,
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19
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Chandra P, Coullon H, Agarwal M, Goss CW, Philips JA. Macrophage global metabolomics identifies cholestenone as host/pathogen cometabolite present in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152509. [PMID: 35104812 PMCID: PMC8803325 DOI: 10.1172/jci152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. As a central aspect of its pathogenesis, M. tuberculosis grows in macrophages, and host and microbe influence each other's metabolism. To define the metabolic impact of M. tuberculosis infection, we performed global metabolic profiling of M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. M. tuberculosis induced metabolic hallmarks of inflammatory macrophages and a prominent signature of cholesterol metabolism. We found that infected macrophages accumulate cholestenone, a mycobacterial-derived, oxidized derivative of cholesterol. We demonstrated that the accumulation of cholestenone in infected macrophages depended on the M. tuberculosis enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-Hsd) and correlated with pathogen burden. Because cholestenone is not a substantial human metabolite, we hypothesized it might be diagnostic of M. tuberculosis infection in clinical samples. Indeed, in 2 geographically distinct cohorts, sputum cholestenone levels distinguished subjects with tuberculosis (TB) from TB-negative controls who presented with TB-like symptoms. We also found country-specific detection of cholestenone in plasma samples from M. tuberculosis-infected subjects. While cholestenone was previously thought to be an intermediate required for cholesterol degradation by M. tuberculosis, we found that M. tuberculosis can utilize cholesterol for growth without making cholestenone. Thus, the accumulation of cholestenone in clinical samples suggests it has an alternative role in pathogenesis and could be a clinically useful biomarker of TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Héloise Coullon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Mansi Agarwal
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles W Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
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20
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Bagheri Y, Ali AA, Keshri P, Chambers J, Gershenson A, You M. Imaging Membrane Order and Dynamic Interactions in Living Cells with a DNA Zipper Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - James Chambers
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
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21
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Suresh P, London E. Using cyclodextrin-induced lipid substitution to study membrane lipid and ordered membrane domain (raft) function in cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2022; 1864:183774. [PMID: 34534531 PMCID: PMC9128603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods for efficient cyclodextrin-induced lipid exchange have been developed in our lab. These make it possible to almost completely replace the lipids in the outer leaflet of artificial membranes or the plasma membranes of living cells with exogenous lipids. Lipid replacement/substitution allows detailed studies of how lipid composition and asymmetry influence the structure and function of membrane domains and membrane proteins. In this review, we both summarize progress on cyclodextrin exchange in cells, mainly by the use of methyl-alpha cyclodextrin to exchange phospholipids and sphingolipids, and discuss the issues to consider when carrying out lipid exchange experiments upon cells. Issues that impact interpretation of lipid exchange are also discussed. This includes how overly naïve interpretation of how lipid exchange-induced changes in domain formation can impact protein function.
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22
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Bagheri Y, Ali AA, Keshri P, Chambers J, Gershenson A, You M. Imaging Membrane Order and Dynamic Interactions in Living Cells with a DNA Zipper Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112033. [PMID: 34767659 PMCID: PMC8792286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane is a dynamic and heterogeneous structure composed of distinct sub-compartments. Within these compartments, preferential interactions occur among various lipids and proteins. Currently, it is still challenging to image these short-lived membrane complexes, especially in living cells. In this work, we present a DNA-based probe, termed "DNA Zipper", which allows the membrane order and pattern of transient interactions to be imaged in living cells using standard fluorescence microscopes. By fine-tuning the length and binding affinity of DNA duplex, these probes can precisely extend the duration of membrane lipid interactions via dynamic DNA hybridization. The correlation between membrane order and the activation of T-cell receptor signaling has also been studied. These programmable DNA probes function after a brief cell incubation, which can be easily adapted to study lipid interactions and membrane order during different membrane signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - James Chambers
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (USA)
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23
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Levitan I. Evaluating membrane structure by Laurdan imaging: Disruption of lipid packing by oxidized lipids. Curr Top Membr 2021; 88:235-256. [PMID: 34862028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Impact of different lipids on membrane structure/lipid order is critical for multiple biological processes. Laurdan microscopy provides a unique tool to assess this property in heterogeneous biological membranes. This review describes the general principles of the approach and its application in model membranes and cells. It also provides an in-depth discussion of the insights obtained using Laurdan microscopy to evaluate the differential effects of cholesterol, oxysterols and oxidized phospholipids on lipid packing of ordered and disordered domains in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Levitan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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24
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Bryan AM, You JK, Li G, Kim J, Singh A, Morstein J, Trauner D, Pereira de Sá N, Normile TG, Farnoud AM, London E, Del Poeta M. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are critical for Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101411. [PMID: 34793834 PMCID: PMC8661020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in lymphopenic patients. Pulmonary macrophages comprise the first line of host defense upon inhalation of fungal spores by aiding in clearance but can also potentially serve as a niche for their dissemination. Given that macrophages play a key role in the outcome of a cryptococcal infection, it is crucial to understand factors that mediate phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Since lipid rafts (high-order plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin [SM]) have been implicated in facilitating phagocytosis, we evaluated whether these ordered domains govern macrophages' ability to phagocytose C. neoformans. We found that cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in significantly deficient immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis of fungus. Moreover, repletion of macrophage cells with a raft-promoting sterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) rescued this phagocytic deficiency, whereas a raft-inhibiting sterol (coprostanol) significantly decreased IgG-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Using a photoswitchable SM (AzoSM), we observed that the raft-promoting conformation (trans-AzoSM) resulted in efficient phagocytosis, whereas the raft-inhibiting conformation (cis-AzoSM) significantly but reversibly blunted phagocytosis. We observed that the effect on phagocytosis may be facilitated by Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, whereby IgG immune complexes crosslink to FcγRIII, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR γ-subunit (FcRγ), an important accessory protein in the FcγR signaling cascade. Correspondingly, cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in decreased FcRγ phosphorylation. Repletion with 7-dehydrocholesterol restored phosphorylation, whereas repletion with coprostanol showed FcRγ phosphorylation comparable to unstimulated cells. Together, these data suggest that lipid rafts are critical for facilitating FcγRIII-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle M Bryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jeehyun Karen You
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - JiHyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nívea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Tyler G Normile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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25
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Li MH, Raleigh DP, London E. Preparation of Asymmetric Vesicles with Trapped CsCl Avoids Osmotic Imbalance, Non-Physiological External Solutions, and Minimizes Leakage. Langmuir 2021; 37:11611-11617. [PMID: 34550698 PMCID: PMC9128599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural asymmetry of cellular membranes influences their properties. In recent years, methodologies for preparing asymmetric vesicles have been developed that rely on cyclodextrin-catalyzed exchange of lipids between donor lipid multilamellar vesicles and acceptor lipid unilamellar vesicles, and the subsequent separation of the, now asymmetric, acceptor vesicles from the donors. Isolation is often accomplished by preloading acceptor vesicles with a high concentration of sucrose, typically 25% (w/w), and separating from donor and cyclodextrin by sucrose gradient centrifugation. We found that when the asymmetric vesicles prepared using methyl-α-cyclodextrin exchange were dispersed under hypotonic conditions using physiological salt solutions, there was enhanced leakage of an entrapped probe, 6-carboxyfluorescein. Studies with symmetric vesicles showed this was due to osmotic pressure and was specific to hypotonic solutions. Inclusion of cholesterol partly reduced leakage but did not completely eliminate it. To avoid having to use hypotonic conditions or to suspend vesicles at nonphysiological solute concentrations to minimize leakage, a method for preparing asymmetric vesicles using acceptor vesicle-entrapped CsCl at a physiological ion concentration (100 mM) was developed. Asymmetric vesicles prepared with the entrapped CsCl protocol were highly resistant to 6-carboxyfluorescein leakage out of the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Li
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daniel P. Raleigh
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Erwin London
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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26
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Chattopadhyay A, Biswas SC, Rukmini R, Saha S, Samanta A. Lack of Environmental Sensitivity of a Naturally Occurring Fluorescent Analog of Cholesterol. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1401-1407. [PMID: 34224042 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroergosterol (DHE, Δ5,7,9(11),22-ergostatetraen-3β-ol) is a naturally occurring fluorescent analog of cholesterol found in yeast. Since DHE has been shown to faithfully mimic cholesterol in a large number of biophysical, biochemical, and cell biological studies, it is widely used to explore cholesterol organization, dynamics and trafficking in model and biological membranes. In this work, we show that DHE, in spite of its localization at the membrane interface, does not exhibit red edge excitation shift (REES) in model membranes, irrespective of the membrane phase. These results are reinforced by semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations of dipole moment changes of DHE in ground and excited states, which show a very small change in the dipole moment of DHE upon excitation. We conclude that DHE fluorescence exhibits lack of environmental sensitivity, despite its usefulness in monitoring cholesterol organization, dynamics and traffic in model and biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samares C Biswas
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Raju Rukmini
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Satyen Saha
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Anunay Samanta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
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Alavizargar A, Keller F, Wedlich-Söldner R, Heuer A. Effect of Cholesterol Versus Ergosterol on DPPC Bilayer Properties: Insights from Atomistic Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7679-7690. [PMID: 34255501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sterols have been ascribed a major role in the organization of biological membranes, in particular for the formation of liquid ordered domains in complex lipid mixtures. Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to compare the effects of cholesterol and ergosterol as the major sterol of mammalian and fungal cells, respectively, on binary mixtures with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) as a proxy for saturated lipids. In agreement with previous work, we observe that the addition of sterol molecules modifies the order of DPPC both in the gel phase and in the liquid phase. When disentangling the overall tilt angle and the structure of the tail imposed by trans/gauche configurations of torsion angles in the tail, respectively, a more detailed picture of the impact of sterols can be formulated, revealing, for example, an approximate temperature-concentration superposition ranging from the liquid to the gel phase. Furthermore, a new quantitative measure to identify the presence of collective sterol effects is discussed. Moreover, when comparing both types of sterols, addition of cholesterol has a noticeably stronger impact on phospholipid properties than that of ergosterol. The observed differences can be attributed to higher planarity of the cholesterol ring system. This planarity combined with an inherent asymmetry in its molecular interactions leads to better alignment and hence stronger interaction with saturated acyl chains. Our results suggest that the high order demonstrated for ergosterol in fungal plasma membranes must therefore be generated via additional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Alavizargar
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Fabian Keller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Roland Wedlich-Söldner
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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28
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Vitiello G, Oliva R, Petraccone L, Vecchio PD, Heenan RK, Molinaro A, Silipo A, D'Errico G, Paduano L. Covalently bonded hopanoid-Lipid A from Bradyrhizobium: The role of unusual molecular structure and calcium ions in regulating the lipid bilayers organization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:891-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Lasunción MA, Martínez-Botas J, Martín-Sánchez C, Busto R, Gómez-Coronado D. Cell cycle dependence on the mevalonate pathway: Role of cholesterol and non-sterol isoprenoids. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114623. [PMID: 34052188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of isoprenoids, including sterols and other metabolites that are essential for diverse biological functions. Cholesterol, the main sterol in mammals, and non-sterol isoprenoids are in high demand by rapidly dividing cells. As evidence of its importance, many cell signaling pathways converge on the mevalonate pathway and these include those involved in proliferation, tumor-promotion, and tumor-suppression. As well as being a fundamental building block of cell membranes, cholesterol plays a key role in maintaining their lipid organization and biophysical properties, and it is crucial for the function of proteins located in the plasma membrane. Importantly, cholesterol and other mevalonate derivatives are essential for cell cycle progression, and their deficiency blocks different steps in the cycle. Furthermore, the accumulation of non-isoprenoid mevalonate derivatives can cause DNA replication stress. Identification of the mechanisms underlying the effects of cholesterol and other mevalonate derivatives on cell cycle progression may be useful in the search for new inhibitors, or the repurposing of preexisting cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors to target cancer cell division. In this review, we discuss the dependence of cell division on an active mevalonate pathway and the role of different mevalonate derivatives in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Javier Martínez-Botas
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Covadonga Martín-Sánchez
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
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30
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Zakyrjanova GF, Giniatullin AR, Mukhutdinova KA, Kuznetsova EA, Petrov AM. Early differences in membrane properties at the neuromuscular junctions of ALS model mice: Effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol. Life Sci 2021; 273:119300. [PMID: 33662433 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Plasma hyperlipidemia is a protective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) while cholesterol-lowering drugs aggravate the pathology. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be linked with membrane lipid alterations in the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) occurring before motor neuron loss. METHODS Neurotransmitter release in parallel with lipid membrane properties in diaphragm NMJs of SOD1G93A (mSOD) mice at nine weeks of age (pre-onset stage) were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Despite on slight changes in spontaneous and evoked quantum release of acetylcholine, extracellular levels of choline at resting conditions, an indicator of non-quantum release, were significantly increased in mSOD mice. The use of lipid-sensitive fluorescent probes points to lipid raft disruption in the NMJs of mSOD mice. However, content of cholesterol, a key raft component was unchanged implying another pathway responsible for the loss of raft integrity. In the mSOD mice we found marked increase in levels of raft-destabilizing lipid ceramide. This was accompanied by enhanced ability to uptake of exogenous ceramide in NMJs. Acute and chronic administration of 25-hydroxycholesterol, whose levels increase due to hypercholesterolemia, recovered early alterations in membrane properties. Furthermore, chronic treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol prevented increase in ceramide and extracellular choline levels as well as suppressed lipid peroxidation of NMJ membranes and fragmentation of end plates. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, lipid raft disruption likely due to ceramide accumulation could be early event in ALS which may trigger neuromuscular abnormalities. Cholesterol derivative 25-hydroxycholesterol may serve as a molecule restoring the membrane and functional properties of NMJs at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel F Zakyrjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Arthur R Giniatullin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Kamilla A Mukhutdinova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Eva A Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
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31
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Marlow B, Kuenze G, Li B, Sanders CR, Meiler J. Structural determinants of cholesterol recognition in helical integral membrane proteins. Biophys J 2021; 120:1592-1604. [PMID: 33640379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an integral component of mammalian membranes. It has been shown to modulate membrane fluidity and dynamics and alter integral membrane protein function. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of how cholesterol impacts protein function is complicated by limited and conflicting structural data. Because of the nature of the crystallization and cryo-EM structure determination, it is difficult to distinguish between specific and biologically relevant interactions and a nonspecific association. The only widely recognized search algorithm for cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein interaction sites is sequence based, i.e., searching for the so-called "Cholesterol Recognition/interaction Amino acid Consensus" motif. Although these motifs are present in numerous integral membrane proteins, there is inconclusive evidence to support their necessity or sufficiency for cholesterol binding. Here, we leverage the increasing number of experimental cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein structures to systematically analyze putative interaction sites based on their spatial arrangement and evolutionary conservation. This analysis creates three-dimensional representations of general cholesterol interaction sites that form clusters across multiple integral membrane protein classes. We also classify cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein interaction sites as either likely-specific or nonspecific. Information gleaned from our characterization will eventually enable a structure-based approach to predict and design cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein interaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennica Marlow
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Georg Kuenze
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bian Li
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany.
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Abstract
Among gene delivery systems, peptide-based gene carriers have received significant attention because of their selectivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Since cellular membranes function as a barrier toward exogenous molecules, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which are usually cationic and/or amphiphilic, can serve as efficient carriers to deliver cargo into the cytosol. Here, we examined the interactions of carrier peptides and their DNA complexes with lipid membranes using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). The carrier peptides are a 12-residue partial presequence of yeast cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (Cytcox) and BP100, which are a mitochondria-targeting signal peptide and a CPP, respectively. QCM data showed that BP100 has a higher binding affinity than Cytcox to both plasma membrane- and mitochondrial membrane-mimicking lipid bilayers. The DNA complexes with either Cytcox or BP100 exhibited the same tendency. Furthermore, HS-AFM data demonstrated that the DNA complexes of either peptide can disrupt the lipid membranes, forming larger pores in the case of Cytcox. Our results suggest that the binding affinity of the peptide/DNA complex to the plasma membrane is more critical than its membrane disruption ability in enhancing the cellular uptake of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neval Yilmaz
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Biomaterial Chemistry, Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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33
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Wenz JJ. Influence of steroids on hydrogen bonds in membranes assessed by near infrared spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2021; 1863:183553. [PMID: 33422482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The covalent OH bonds of water vibrate and absorb radiation in the near infrared (NIR) region at wavelengths that vary according to the strength of the bonds which, at the same time, are sensitive to the number and/or strength of hydrogen bonds. By means of multivariate analytical tools, such spectral shift was exploited to study the effect of temperature, 25-hydroxycholesterol and progesterone on the H-bonded network of water in DMPA membranes. Temperature was found as the dominating factor altering the NIR spectra of water and then the H-bonds. Increasing temperatures disrupt the H-bonds network, strengthening the OH covalent bonds. The disruption of the H-bonds along the 13-58 °C range was noticeably greater than that caused by lipids or steroids at 500 μM. The H-bonded network of the interfacial water in DMPA membranes was disrupted by the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol, but no significant disruption was observed in the presence of progesterone. The reduction of the H-bonds entails a reduction in the aggregation of the interfacial water by a reduction in the number of H-bonded molecules. It is proposed that the number of water molecules bonded with two H-bonds diminishes and the number of molecules with no H-bond increases roughly at similar proportions, with a constant population of molecules with one H-bond. The opposed effects of steroids are discussed in the context of their opposed effects on the phase state of membranes, the membrane water content and the steroid molecular structure.
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Siddiquee AM, Houri A, Messalea KA, Lin J, Daeneke T, Abbey B, Mechler A, Kou S. Nanoscale Probing of Cholesterol-Rich Domains in Single Bilayer Dimyristoyl-Phosphocholine Membranes Using Near-Field Spectroscopic Imaging. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9476-9484. [PMID: 33108191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is believed to induce the formation of membrane domains, "rafts", which are implicated in a range of natural and pathologic membrane processes. Therefore, it is important to understand the role that cholesterol plays in the formation of these structures. Here, we use label-free spectroscopic imaging to investigate cholesterol fractioning in supported bilayer membranes at nanoscale. Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) was used to visualize the formation of cholesterol-induced domains in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membranes. Our results revealed the coexistence of phase separated domains in DMPC lipids with 10 mol % cholesterol content, whereas a mostly homogeneous bilayer was found at low (5 mol %) and high (15 mol %) cholesterol content. Near-field nano-FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the cholesterol-rich domains based on their qualitative chemical compositions. It was determined that cholesterol binds to phosphodiester and alkyl glycerol ester moieties, likely via hydrogen bonding of the alcohol to either of the ester oxygens. The results also confirm the existence of an ideal cholesterol-lipid mixture ratio (∼15:85) with a geometrically defined packing. At lower cholesterol content there is phase separation between liquid ordered and almost neat DMPC domains. Thus, the liquid ordered phase exists at an energy minimum at a given lipid-cholesterol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif M Siddiquee
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Aamd Houri
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Kibret A Messalea
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Jiao Lin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shanshan Kou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Hanashima S, Fukuda N, Malabed R, Murata M, Kinoshita M, Greimel P, Hirabayashi Y. β-Glucosylation of cholesterol reduces sterol-sphingomyelin interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1863:183496. [PMID: 33130096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl-β-D-glucoside (ChoGlc) is a mammalian glycolipid that is expressed in brain tissue. The effects of glucosylation on the ordering and lipid interactions of cholesterol (Cho) were examined in membranes composed of N-stearoyl sphingomyelin (SSM), which is abundant in the brain, and to investigate the possible molecular mechanism involved in these interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that ChoGlc was miscible with SSM in a similar extent of Cho. Solid-state 2H NMR of deuterated SSM and fluorescent anisotropy using 1,6-diphenylhexatriene demonstrated that the glucosylation of Cho significantly reduced the effect of the sterol tetracyclic core on the ordering of SSM chains. The orientation of the sterol core was further examined by solid-state NMR analysis of deuterated and fluorinated ChoGlc analogues. ChoGlc had a smaller tilt angle between the long molecular axis (C3-C17) and the membrane normal than Cho in SSM bilayers, and the fluctuations in the tilt angle were largely unaffected by temperature-dependent mobility changes of SSM acyl chains. This orientation of the sterol core of ChoGlc leads to reduce sterol-SSM interactions. The MD simulation results suggested that the Glc moiety perturbs the SSM-sterol interactions, which reduces the umbrella effect of the phosphocholine headgroup because the hydrophilic glucose moiety resides at the same depth as an SSM amide group. These differences between ChoGlc and Cho also weaken the SSM-ChoGlc interactions. Thus, the distribution and localization of Cho and ChoGlc possibly control the stability of sphingomyelin-based domains that transiently occur at specific locations in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Nanami Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Raymond Malabed
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Msanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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Tsuchikawa H, Ono T, Yamagami M, Umegawa Y, Shinoda W, Murata M. Conformation and Orientation of Branched Acyl Chains Responsible for the Physical Stability of Diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3929-3938. [PMID: 32945657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DPhPC) is a synthetic phospholipid in which two methyl-branched acyl chains are introduced into the glycerol moiety, mimicking phospholipids of eukaryotic and eubacterial origins. The lipid bilayers of DPhPC reproduce the outstanding physical properties of methyl-branched lipids that occur in archaeal membranes. DPhPC is commonly used as the base lipid in biophysical experiments, particularly for recording ion-channel currents. However, the dynamics of lipid molecules that induces their useful physical properties is still unclear. In this study, we examined the conformation and orientation of the methyl-branched acyl chain of DPhPC in a membrane using 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of the synthetic lipid with a high stereochemical purity and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Deuterium-labeled 3',3'-CD3,D-DPhPC (2) and 7',7'-CD3,D-DPhPC (3) showed the characteristic quadrupole splitting width in the 2H NMR spectra, which corresponded to the bent orientation reported for the archaeal lipid PGP-Me [Yamagami, M., et al. (2019) Biochemistry 58, 3869-3879]. However, MD simulations, which reproduced the 2H NMR results well, unveiled the unknown features of DPhPC in the membrane; DPhPC has a chain-specific average orientation, where two bent orientations with upward and downward methyl groups occur at positions C3 and C7 of the sn-1 and sn-2 chains of DPhPC, respectively. These MD and NMR results reveal that these two bent orientations define the average orientation of DPhPC for the shallow part of the acyl chains, which is considered to be an important factor in the stability of DPhPC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takuya Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamagami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project and Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project and Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project and Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Pereira AR, Fiamingo A, de O. Pedro R, Campana-Filho SP, Miranda PB, Oliveira ON. Enhanced chitosan effects on cell membrane models made with lipid raft monolayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Zakany F, Kovacs T, Panyi G, Varga Z. Direct and indirect cholesterol effects on membrane proteins with special focus on potassium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Shrivastava S, Paila YD, Kombrabail M, Krishnamoorthy G, Chattopadhyay A. Role of Cholesterol and Its Immediate Biosynthetic Precursors in Membrane Dynamics and Heterogeneity: Implications for Health and Disease. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6312-6320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Shrivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Yamuna Devi Paila
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mamata Kombrabail
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - G. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
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Takahashi H, Hoshino T. A comparative study of the effects of 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and cholesterol on the structural and thermal phase behavior of multilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 227:104872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cox CD, Gottlieb PA. Amphipathic molecules modulate PIEZO1 activity. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1833-42. [PMID: 31754715 DOI: 10.1042/BST20190372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PIEZO proteins are large eukaryotic mechanically-gated channels that function as homotrimers. The basic PIEZO1 structure has been elucidated by CryoEM and it assembles into a protein-lipid dome. A curved lipid region allows for the transition to the lipid bilayer from the dome (footprint). Gating PIEZO1 is mediated by bilayer tension that induces an area change in the lipid dome. The footprint region is thought to be energetically important for changes in lateral tension. Amphipathic molecules can modulate channel function beyond the intrinsic gating properties of PIEZO1. As a result, molecules that modify lipid properties within the lipid-channel complex (footprint and dome) will profoundly affect channel kinetics. In this review, we summarize the effects some amphipathic molecules have on the lipid bilayer and PIEZO1 function. PIEZO1 has three states, closed, open and inactivated and amphipathic molecules influence these transitions. The amphipathic peptide, GsMTx4, inhibits the closed to open transition. While saturated fatty acids also prevent PIEZO1 gating, the effect is mediated by stiffening the lipids, presumably in both the dome and footprint region. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can increase disorder within the lipid-protein complex affecting channel kinetics. PIEZO1 can also form higher-ordered structures that confers new kinetic properties associated with clustered channels. Cholesterol-rich domains house PIEZO1 channels, and depletion of cholesterol causes a breakdown of those domains with changes to channel kinetics and channel diffusion. These examples underscore the complex effects lipophilic molecules can have on the PIEZO1 lipid dome structure and thus on the mechanical response of the cell.
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Galván-Hernández A, Kobayashi N, Hernández-Cobos J, Antillón A, Nakabayashi S, Ortega-Blake I. Morphology and dynamics of domains in ergosterol or cholesterol containing membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2020; 1862:183101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li G, Wang Q, Kakuda S, London E. Nanodomains can persist at physiologic temperature in plasma membrane vesicles and be modulated by altering cell lipids. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:758-766. [PMID: 31964764 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and properties of liquid-ordered (Lo) lipid domains (rafts) in the plasma membrane are still poorly understood. This limits our ability to manipulate ordered lipid domain-dependent biological functions. Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) undergo large-scale phase separations into coexisting Lo and liquid-disordered lipid domains. However, large-scale phase separation in GPMVs detected by light microscopy is observed only at low temperatures. Comparing Förster resonance energy transfer-detected versus light microscopy-detected domain formation, we found that nanodomains, domains of nanometer size, persist at temperatures up to 20°C higher than large-scale phases, up to physiologic temperature. The persistence of nanodomains at higher temperatures is consistent with previously reported theoretical calculations. To investigate the sensitivity of nanodomains to lipid composition, GPMVs were prepared from mammalian cells in which sterol, phospholipid, or sphingolipid composition in the plasma membrane outer leaflet had been altered by cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange. Lipid substitutions that stabilize or destabilize ordered domain formation in artificial lipid vesicles had a similar effect on the thermal stability of nanodomains and large-scale phase separation in GPMVs, with nanodomains persisting at higher temperatures than large-scale phases for a wide range of lipid compositions. This indicates that it is likely that plasma membrane nanodomains can form under physiologic conditions more readily than large-scale phase separation. We also conclude that membrane lipid substitutions carried out in intact cells are able to modulate the propensity of plasma membranes to form ordered domains. This implies lipid substitutions can be used to alter biological processes dependent upon ordered domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Shinako Kakuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215. mailto:
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Iaea DB, Spahr ZR, Singh RK, Chan RB, Zhou B, Bareja R, Elemento O, Di Paolo G, Zhang X, Maxfield FR. Stable reduction of STARD4 alters cholesterol regulation and lipid homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158609. [PMID: 31917335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STARD4, a member of the evolutionarily conserved START gene family, is a soluble sterol transport protein implicated in cholesterol sensing and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. STARD4 is widely expressed and has been shown to transfer sterol between liposomes as well as organelles in cells. However, STARD4 knockout mice lack an obvious phenotype, so the overall role of STARD4 is unclear. To model long term depletion of STARD4 in cells, we use short hairpin RNA technology to stably decrease STARD4 expression in human U2OS osteosarcoma cells (STARD4-KD). We show that STARD4-KD cells display increased total cholesterol, slower cholesterol trafficking between the plasma membrane and the endocytic recycling compartment, and increased plasma membrane fluidity. These effects can all be rescued by transient expression of a short hairpin RNA-resistant STARD4 construct. Some of the cholesterol increase was due to excess storage in late endosomes or lysosomes. To understand the effects of reduced STARD4, we carried out transcriptional and lipidomic profiling of control and STARD4-KD cells. Reduction of STARD4 activates compensatory mechanisms that alter membrane composition and lipid homeostasis. Based on these observations, we propose that STARD4 functions as a critical sterol transport protein involved in sterol sensing and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Iaea
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Tri-Institutional Chemical Biology Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zachary R Spahr
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robin B Chan
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Tri-Institutional Chemical Biology Program, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Jovanović AA, Balanč BD, Djordjević VB, Ota A, Skrt M, Šavikin KP, Bugarski BM, Nedović VA, Ulrih NP. Effect of gentisic acid on the structural-functional properties of liposomes incorporating β-sitosterol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110422. [PMID: 31437609 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional liposomes incorporating β-sitosterol were developed for delivery of gentisic acid (GA). The interactions of both compounds with phospholipid bilayer were interpreted viaeffects of different β-sitosterol content (0, 20 and 50 mol %) and different gentisic acid to lipid ratio (nGA/nlip from 10-5 to 1) on membrane fluidity and thermotropic properties. Multilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholines (with size range between 1350 and 1900 nm) effectively encapsulated GA (54%) when nGA/nlip was higher than 0.01. Suppression of lipid peroxidation was directly related to concentration of GA. The resistance to diffusion of gentisic acid from liposomes increased for ˜50% in samples incorporating 50 mol % β-sitosterol compared to sterol-free liposomes. Finally, simulated in vitro gastrointestinal conditions showed that the release was mainly affected by low pH of simulated gastric fluid and the presence of cholates in simulated intestinal fluid, rather than by enzymes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A Jovanović
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana D Balanč
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica B Djordjević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ajda Ota
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Skrt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina P Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko M Bugarski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Viktor A Nedović
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Morton CJ, Sani MA, Parker MW, Separovic F. Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins: Membrane and Protein Structural Requirements for Pore Formation. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7721-7736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. Morton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael W. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Meher G, Chakraborty H. Membrane Composition Modulates Fusion by Altering Membrane Properties and Fusion Peptide Structure. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:261-272. [PMID: 31011762 PMCID: PMC7079885 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion, one of the most essential processes in the life of eukaryotes, occurs when two separate lipid bilayers merge into a continuous bilayer and internal contents of two separated membranes mingle. There is a certain class of proteins that assist the binding of the viral envelope to the target host cell and catalyzing fusion. All class I viral fusion proteins contain a highly conserved 20–25 amino-acid amphipathic peptide at the N-terminus, which is essential for fusion activity and is termed as the ‘fusion peptide’. It has been shown that insertion of fusion peptides into the host membrane and the perturbation in the membrane generated thereby is crucial for membrane fusion. Significant efforts have been given in the last couple of decades to understand the lipid-dependence of structure and function of the fusion peptide in membranes to understand the role of lipid compositions in membrane fusion. In addition, the lipid compositions further change the membrane physical properties and alter the mechanism and extent of membrane fusion. Therefore, lipid compositions modulate membrane fusion by changing membrane physical properties and altering structure of the fusion peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Meher
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768 019, India
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768 019, India.
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St Clair JW, London E. Effect of sterol structure on ordered membrane domain (raft) stability in symmetric and asymmetric vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2019; 1861:1112-22. [PMID: 30904407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sterol structure influences liquid ordered domains in membranes, and the dependence of biological functions on sterol structure can help identify processes dependent on ordered domains. In this study we compared the effect of sterol structure on ordered domain formation in symmetric vesicles composed of mixtures of sphingomyelin, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol, and in asymmetric vesicles in which sphingomyelin was introduced into the outer leaflet of vesicles composed of DOPC and cholesterol. In most cases, sterol behavior was similar in symmetric and asymmetric vesicles, with ordered domains most strongly stabilized by 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) and cholesterol, stabilized to a moderate degree by lanosterol, epicholesterol and desmosterol, and very little if at all by 4-cholesten-3-one. However, in asymmetric vesicles desmosterol stabilized ordered domain almost as well as cholesterol, and to a much greater degree than epicholesterol, so that the ability to support ordered domains decreased in the order 7-DHC > cholesterol > desmosterol > lanosterol > epicholesterol > 4-cholesten-3-one. This contrasts with values for intermediate stabilizing sterols in symmetric vesicles in which the ranking was cholesterol > lanosterol ~ desmosterol ~ epicholesterol or prior studies in which the ranking was cholesterol ~ epicholesterol > lanosterol ~ desmosterol. The reasons for these differences are discussed. Based on these results, we re-evaluated our prior studies in cells and conclude that endocytosis levels and bacterial uptake are even more closely correlated with the ability of sterols to form ordered domains than previously thought, and do not necessarily require that a sterol have a 3β-OH group.
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Oakes V, Domene C. Influence of Cholesterol and Its Stereoisomers on Members of the Serotonin Receptor Family. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1633-1649. [PMID: 30857969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of cholesterol within the cell membrane, the mechanism by which it influences embedded proteins remains elusive. Numerous G-protein coupled receptors exhibit dramatic responses to membrane cholesterol with regard to the ligand-binding affinity and functional properties, including the 5-HT receptor family. Here, we use over 25 μs of unbiased atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to identify cholesterol interaction sites in the 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptors and evaluate their impact on receptor structure. Susceptibility to membrane cholesterol is shown to be subtype dependent and determined by the quality of interactions between the extracellular loops. Charged residues are essential for maintaining the arrangement of the extracellular surface in 5-HT2B; in the absence of such interactions, the extracellular surface of the 5-HT1B is malleable, populating a number of distinct conformations. Elevated cholesterol density near transmembrane helix 4 is considered to be conducive to the conformation of extracellular loop 2. Occupation of this site is also shown to be stereospecific, illustrated by differential behavior of nat-cholesterol isomers, ent- and epi-cholesterol. In simulations containing the endogenous agonist, serotonin, cholesterol binding at transmembrane helix 4 biases bound serotonin molecules toward an unexpected binding mode in the extended binding pocket. The results highlight the capability of membrane cholesterol to influence the mobility of the extracellular surface in the 5-HT1 receptor family and manipulate the architecture of the extracellular ligand-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Oakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
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50
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Fatakia SN, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. A collage of cholesterol interaction motifs in the serotonin 1A receptor: An evolutionary implication for differential cholesterol interaction. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:184-192. [PMID: 30822391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin1A receptor is a representative member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and acts as an important drug target. In our previous work, we comprehensively demonstrated that membrane cholesterol is necessary in the organization, dynamics and function of the serotonin1A receptor. In this context, analysis of high-resolution GPCR crystal structures in general and in silico studies of the serotonin1A receptor in particular, have suggested the presence of cholesterol interaction sites (hotspots) in various regions of the receptor. In this work, we have identified an evolutionarily conserved collage of four categories of cholesterol interaction motifs associated with transmembrane helix V and the adjacent intracellular loop 3 fragment of the vertebrate serotonin1A receptor. This collage of motifs represents a total of twenty diverse context-dependent cholesterol interaction configurations. We envision that the gamut of cholesterol interaction sites, characterized by sequence plasticity in cholesterol interaction, could be relevant in receptor-cholesterol interaction in membranes of varying cholesterol content and organization, as found in diverse cell types. We conclude that an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of GPCR-cholesterol interaction allows the serotonin1A receptor to adapt to diverse membrane cholesterol levels during natural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarosh N Fatakia
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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