1
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Fu QY, Xiong XP, Xia HF, Liu XC, Yu ZL, Liu KW, Zeng J, Sun YF, Jia J, Chen G. Spatiotemporal characteristics of tissue derived small extracellular vesicles is associated with tumor relapse and anti-PD-1 response. Cancer Lett 2024:216897. [PMID: 38631664 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) residing at tumor tissues are valuable specimens for biopsy. Tumor heterogeneity is common across all cancer types, but the heterogeneity of tumor tissue-derived sEVs (Ti-sEVs) is undefined. This study aims to discover the spatial distributions of Ti-sEVs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and explore how these vesicle distributions affect the patients' prognosis. Multi-regional sampling enabled us to uncover that Ti-sEVs' accumulation at peritumoral sites correlates with a higher disease-free survival rate, and conversely, sparse peritumoral Ti-sEVs tend to forecast a higher risk of relapse. Of those relapsed patients, Ti-sEVs strongly bind to extracellular matrix and subsequently degrade it for allowing themselves enter the bloodstream rather than staying in situ. In advanced OSCC patients, the quantity and spatial distribution of Ti-sEVs prior to anti-PD-1 treatment, as well as the temporal variance of Ti-sEVs before and after immunotherapy, strongly map the clinical response and can help to distinguish the patients with shrinking tumors from those with growing tumors. Our work elucidates the correlation of spatiotemporal features of Ti-sEVs with patients' therapeutic outcomes and exhibit the potential for using Ti-sEVs as a predictor to forecast prognosis and screen the responders to anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Xue-Peng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hou-Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xing-Chi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Kai-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yan-Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Wang J, Shi R, Yin Y, Luo H, Cao Y, Lyu Y, Luo H, Zeng X, Wang D. Clinical significance of small extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1334592. [PMID: 38665948 PMCID: PMC11043544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1334592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy originating from the bile duct epithelium. It is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. The global incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is rising, and there is an urgent need for effective early diagnosis and treatment strategies to reduce the burden of this devastating tumor. Small extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microparticles, are nanoscale vesicles formed by membranes that are released both normally and pathologically from cells, mediating the intercellular transfer of substances and information. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of small extracellular vesicles in numerous biological processes, as well as the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. The present review summarizes the tumorigenic roles of small extracellular vesicles in the cholangiocarcinoma microenvironment. Owing to their unique composition, accessibility, and stability in biological fluids, small extracellular vesicles have emerged as ideal biomarkers for use in liquid biopsies for diagnosing and outcome prediction of cholangiocarcinoma. Specific tissue tropism, theoretical biocompatibility, low clearance, and strong biological barrier penetration of small extracellular vesicles make them suitable drug carriers for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the potential value of small extracellular vesicle-based therapies for cholangiocarcinoma is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Ruizi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yun Lyu
- Departmant of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Huiwen Luo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Xintao Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Decai Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
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3
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Carvalho EM, Ding EA, Saha A, Weldy A, Zushin PJH, Stahl A, Aghi MK, Kumar S. Viscoelastic high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid hydrogels support rapid glioblastoma cell invasion with leader-follower dynamics. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.04.588167. [PMID: 38617333 PMCID: PMC11014578 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), the primary component of brain extracellular matrix, is increasingly used to model neuropathological processes, including glioblastoma (GBM) tumor invasion. While elastic hydrogels based on crosslinked low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA are widely exploited for this purpose and have proven valuable for discovery and screening, brain tissue is both viscoelastic and rich in high-MW (HMW) HA, and it remains unclear how these differences influence invasion. To address this question, hydrogels comprised of either HMW (1.5 MDa) or LMW (60 kDa) HA are introduced, characterized, and applied in GBM invasion studies. Unlike LMW HA hydrogels, HMW HA hydrogels relax stresses quickly, to a similar extent as brain tissue, and to a greater extent than many conventional HA-based scaffolds. GBM cells implanted within HMW HA hydrogels invade much more rapidly than in their LMW HA counterparts and exhibit distinct leader-follower dynamics. Leader cells adopt dendritic morphologies, similar to invasive GBM cells observed in vivo. Transcriptomic, pharmacologic, and imaging studies suggest that leader cells exploit hyaluronidase, an enzyme strongly enriched in human GBMs, to prime a path for followers. This study offers new insight into how HA viscoelastic properties drive invasion and argues for the use of highly stress-relaxing materials to model GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Carvalho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erika A Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Atul Saha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Weldy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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4
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Arif S, Moulin VJ. Extracellular vesicles on the move: Traversing the complex matrix of tissues. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151372. [PMID: 37972445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small particles involved in intercellular signaling. They are produced by virtually all cell types, transport biological molecules, and are released into the extracellular space. Studies on extracellular vesicles have become more numerous in recent years, leading to promising research on their potential impact on health and disease. Despite significant progress in understanding the bioactivity of extracellular vesicles, most in vitro and in vivo studies overlook their transport through the extracellular matrix in tissues. The interaction or free diffusion of extracellular vesicles in their environment can provide valuable insights into their efficacy and function. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the transport of extracellular vesicles in the extracellular matrix is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches that involve the use of these extracellular vesicles. This review discusses the importance of the interaction between extracellular vesicles and the extracellular matrix and the different factors that influence their diffusion. In addition, we evaluate their role in tissue homeostasis, pathophysiology, and potential clinical applications. Understanding the complex interaction between extracellular vesicles and the extracellular matrix is critical in order to develop effective strategies to target specific cells and tissues in a wide range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Arif
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Véronique J Moulin
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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5
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Černe K, Kelhar N, Resnik N, Herzog M, Vodnik L, Veranič P, Kobal B. Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles from a High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Derived from a Platinum-Resistant Patient as a Potential Tool for Aiding the Prediction of Responses to Chemotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:907. [PMID: 37375854 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is invariably a fatal disease. A central goal of ovarian cancer research is therefore to develop new strategies to overcome platinum resistance. Treatment is thus moving towards personalized therapy. However, validated molecular biomarkers that predict patients' risk of developing platinum resistance are still lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidate biomarkers. EpCAM-specific EVs are largely unexplored biomarkers for predicting chemoresistance. Using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry, we compared the characteristics of EVs released from a cell line derived from a clinically confirmed cisplatin-resistant patient (OAW28) and EVs released from two cell lines from tumors sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy (PEO1 and OAW42). We demonstrated that EVs released from the HGSOC cell line of chemoresistant patients exhibited greater size heterogeneity, a larger proportion of medium/large (>200 nm) Evs and a higher number of released EpCAM-positive EVs of different sizes, although the expression of EpCAM was predominant in EVs larger than 400 nm. We also found a strong positive correlation between the concentration of EpCAM-positive EVs and the expression of cellular EpCAM. These results may contribute to the prediction of platinum resistance in the future, although they should first be validated in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Černe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nuša Kelhar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Herzog
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lana Vodnik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Kobal
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Patel NJ, Ashraf A, Chung EJ. Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Extracellular Matrix. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10. [PMID: 36829629 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted into the extracellular space by all cell types. EVs transfer their cargo which includes nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to facilitate cell-to-cell communication. As EVs are released and move from parent to recipient cell, EVs interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) which acts as a physical scaffold for the organization and function of cells. Recent work has shown that EVs can modulate and act as regulators of the ECM. This review will first discuss EV biogenesis and the mechanism by which EVs are transported through the ECM. Additionally, we discuss how EVs contribute as structural components of the matrix and as components that aid in the degradation of the ECM. Lastly, the role of EVs in influencing recipient cells to remodel the ECM in both pathological and therapeutic contexts is examined.
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7
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Liu Y, Wang S, Xia H, Tan X, Song S, Zhang S, Meng D, Chen Q, Jin Y. The potential applications of microparticles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer. Lab Invest 2022; 20:404. [PMID: 36064415 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are 100–1000 nm heterogeneous submicron membranous vesicles derived from various cell types that express surface proteins and antigenic profiles suggestive of their cellular origin. MPs contain a diverse array of bioactive chemicals and surface receptors, including lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, which are essential for cell-to-cell communication. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is enriched with MPs that can directly affect tumour progression through their interactions with receptors. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive test, is a promising alternative to tissue biopsy for the early screening of lung cancer (LC). The diverse biomolecular information from MPs provides a number of potential biomarkers for LC risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. Remodelling the TME, which profoundly influences immunotherapy and clinical outcomes, is an emerging strategy to improve immunotherapy. Tumour-derived MPs can reverse drug resistance and are ideal candidates for the creation of innovative and effective cancer vaccines. This review described the biogenesis and components of MPs and further summarised their main isolation and quantification methods. More importantly, the review presented the clinical application of MPs as predictive biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, their role as therapeutic drug carriers, particularly in anti-tumour drug resistance, and their utility as cancer vaccines. Finally, we discussed current challenges that could impede the clinical use of MPs and determined that further studies on the functional roles of MPs in LC are required.
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Emran TB, Shahriar A, Mahmud AR, Rahman T, Abir MH, Siddiquee MFR, Ahmed H, Rahman N, Nainu F, Wahyudin E, Mitra S, Dhama K, Habiballah MM, Haque S, Islam A, Hassan MM. Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms, Immunoprevention and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891652. [PMID: 35814435 PMCID: PMC9262248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle to effective therapeutic interventions against cancer. This review describes the known MDR mechanisms in cancer cells and discusses ongoing laboratory approaches and novel therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit, circumvent, or reverse MDR development in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, in addition to highlighting hypoxia- and autophagy-mediated drug resistance mechanisms. Several factors, including individual genetic differences, such as mutations, altered epigenetics, enhanced drug efflux, cell death inhibition, and various other molecular and cellular mechanisms, are responsible for the development of resistance against anticancer agents. Drug resistance can also depend on cellular autophagic and hypoxic status. The expression of drug-resistant genes and the regulatory mechanisms that determine drug resistance are also discussed. Methods to circumvent MDR, including immunoprevention, the use of microparticles and nanomedicine might result in better strategies for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nova Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elly Wahyudin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud M Habiballah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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9
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Huang Y, Kanada M, Ye J, Deng Y, He Q, Lei Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Qin P, Zhang J, Wei J. Exosome-mediated remodeling of the tumor microenvironment: From local to distant intercellular communication. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215796. [PMID: 35728740 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enveloped nanoscale particles that carry various bioactive signaling molecules secreted by cells. Their biological roles depend on the original cell type from which they are derived and their inclusions. Exosomes, a class of EVs, are released by almost all eukaryotic cell types, including tumor cells. Tumor cell-derived exosomes mediate signal transduction between tumor cells and surrounding non-tumor cells. This intercellular communication actively contributes to the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to enable tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. This review summarizes the latest progress in the exploration of exosome-mediated cell-cell communication implicated in TME remodeling and underlying mechanisms. We focus on the role of cell-cell interactions mediated by tumor cell-derived exosomes in promoting invasion and metastasis, and their potential as a therapeutic intervention target against distant metastasis. We also discuss the clinical translational significance of tumor-derived exosomes for early diagnosis, efficacy and progression evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Masamitsu Kanada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yayan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengyang Lei
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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10
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Nakatani E, Naito Y, Ishibashi K, Ohkura N, Atsumi GI. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Enhance Procoagulant Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:178-183. [PMID: 35110504 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism. Thrombi are constantly formed via the coagulation cascade and degraded by the fibrinolytic system, so they tend to form in obese individuals. Adipocytes are involved in thrombus formation in obesity, but it is not clear whether bioactive factors from adipocytes directly initiate or enhance coagulation and thrombosis. In this study, we confirmed that adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) enhance procoagulant activity in vitro. ADEVs prepared from the culture supernatant of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes shortened plasma clotting times. Moreover, the effect of ADEVs on clotting time was weakened when using plasma lacking factors of the extrinsic pathway, but not the intrinsic pathway. ADEVs contain tissue factors and phosphatidylserine, which are involved in the extrinsic pathway, and blockade of these molecules diminished the effects of ADEVs on plasma clotting time. Additionally, the effect of ADEVs on plasma clotting time was further enhanced when cells were stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Thus, ADEVs may be a factor in thrombus formation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakatani
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Yasuo Naito
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Gen-Ichi Atsumi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
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11
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Eguchi T, Sheta M, Fujii M, Calderwood SK. Cancer extracellular vesicles, tumoroid models, and tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022:S1044-579X(22)00003-7. [PMID: 35032650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, promote tumor progression through enhancing tumor growth, initiating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and preparing metastatic niches. Three-dimensionally (3D) cultured tumoroids / spheroids aim to reproduce some aspects of tumor behavior in vitro and show increased cancer stem cell properties. These properties are transferred to their EVs that promote tumor growth. Moreover, recent tumoroid models can be furnished with aspects of the tumor microenvironment, such as vasculature, hypoxia, and extracellular matrix. This review summarizes tumor tissue culture and engineering platforms compatible with EV research. For example, the combination experiments of 3D-tumoroids and EVs have revealed multifunctional proteins loaded in EVs, such as metalloproteinases and heat shock proteins. EVs or exosomes are able to transfer their cargo molecules to recipient cells, whose fates are often largely altered. In addition, the review summarizes approaches to EV labeling technology using fluorescence and luciferase, useful for studies on EV-mediated intercellular communication, biodistribution, and metastatic niche formation.
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12
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Kogej K, Božič D, Kobal B, Herzog M, Černe K. Application of Dynamic and Static Light Scattering for Size and Shape Characterization of Small Extracellular Nanoparticles in Plasma and Ascites of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312946. [PMID: 34884751 PMCID: PMC8657631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In parallel to medical treatment of ovarian cancer, methods for the early detection of cancer tumors are being sought. In this contribution, the use of non-invasive static (SLS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for the characterization of extracellular nanoparticles (ENPs) in body fluids of advanced serous ovarian cancer (OC) and benign gynecological pathology (BP) patients is demonstrated and critically evaluated. Samples of plasma and ascites (OC patients) or plasma, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal washing (BP patients) were analyzed. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and the radius of gyration (Rg) of ENPs were calculated from the angular dependency of LS intensity for two ENP subpopulations. Rh and Rg of the predominant ENP population of OC patients were in the range 20–30 nm (diameter 40–60 nm). In thawed samples, larger particles (Rh mostly above 100 nm) were detected as well. The shape parameter ρ of both particle populations was around 1, which is typical for spherical particles with mass concentrated on the rim, as in vesicles. The Rh and Rg of ENPs in BP patients were larger than in OC patients, with ρ ≈ 1.1–2, implying a more elongated/distorted shape. These results show that SLS and DLS are promising methods for the analysis of morphological features of ENPs and have the potential to discriminate between OC and BP patients. However, further development of the methodology is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Kogej
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Darja Božič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Kobal
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Herzog
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Černe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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13
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Amatya SB, Salmi S, Kainulainen V, Karihtala P, Reunanen J. Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5450. [PMID: 34771614 PMCID: PMC8582403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.B.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonja Salmi
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.B.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Veera Kainulainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.B.A.); (S.S.)
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14
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Zhu S, Li S, Yi M, Li N, Wu K. Roles of Microvesicles in Tumor Progression and Clinical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7071-7090. [PMID: 34703228 PMCID: PMC8536885 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles are extracellular vesicles with diameter ranging from 100 to 1000 nm that are secreted by tumor cells or other cells in the tumor microenvironment. A growing number of studies demonstrate that tumor-derived microvesicles are involved in tumor initiation and progression, as well as drug resistance. In addition, tumor-derived microvesicles carry a variety of immunogenic molecules and inhibit tumor response to immunotherapy; therefore, they can be exploited for use in tumor vaccines. Moreover, because of their high stability, tumor-derived microvesicles extracted from body fluids can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or assessment of prognosis. Tumor-derived microvesicles can also be deployed to reverse drug resistance of tumor regenerative cells, or to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs and oncolytic adenovirus for the treatment of cancer patients. This review summarizes the general characteristics of tumor-derived microvesicles, focusing on their biological characteristics, their involvement in tumor progression, and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
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15
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Qin B, Hu XM, Su ZH, Zeng XB, Ma HY, Xiong K. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Research progress from isolation to application. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153604. [PMID: 34500372 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the structures that all cells release into the environment. They are separated by a lipid bilayer and contain the cellular components that release them. To date, most studies have been performed on EVs derived from cell supernatants or different body fluids, while the number of studies on EV isolation directly from tissues is still limited. Studies of EV isolation directly from tissues may provide us with better information. This review summarizes the role of EV in the extracellular matrix, the protocol for isolation of EV in the tissue interstitium, and the application of the protocol in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 02 Class, 17 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Hong-Ying Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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16
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Prieto-Vila M, Yoshioka Y, Ochiya T. Biological Functions Driven by mRNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:620498. [PMID: 34527665 PMCID: PMC8435577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.620498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are extracellular nanovesicles released by most cells. EVs play essential roles in intercellular communication via the transport of a large variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Nucleic acids are the most commonly found molecules inside EVs, and due to their small size, microRNAs and other small RNAs are the most abundant nucleic acids. However, longer molecules, such as messenger RNAs (mRNAs), have also been found. mRNAs encapsulated within EVs have been shown to be transferred to recipient cells and translated into proteins, altering the behavior of the cells. Secretion of EVs is maintained not only through multiple normal physiological conditions but also during aberrant pathological conditions, including cancer. Recently, the mRNAs carried by EVs in cancer have attracted great interest due to their broad roles in tumor progression and microenvironmental remodeling. This review focuses on the biological functions driven by mRNAs carried in EVs in cancer, which include supporting tumor progression by activating cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion; inducing microenvironmental remodeling via hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression; and promoting modulation of the microenvironment at distant sites for the generation of a premetastatic niche, collectively inducing metastasis. Furthermore, we describe the potential use of mRNAs carried by EVs as a noninvasive diagnostic tool and novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Chemotherapy represents the current mainstay therapeutic approach for most types of cancer. Despite the development of targeted chemotherapeutic strategies, the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs is severely limited by the development of drug resistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR) consists of the simultaneous resistance to various unrelated cytotoxic drugs and is one of the main causes of anticancer treatment failure. One of the principal mechanisms by which cancer cells become MDR involves the overexpression of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), mediating the active efflux of cytotoxic molecules from the cytoplasm. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron lipid-enclosed vesicles that are released by all cells and which play a fundamental role in intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. EVs have fundamental function at each step of cancer development and progression. They mediate the transmission of MDR through the transfer of vesicle cargo including functional ABC transporters as well as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Furthermore, EVs mediate MDR by sequestering anticancer drugs and stimulate cancer cell migration and invasion. EVs also mediate the communication with the tumour microenvironment and the immune system, resulting in increased angiogenesis, metastasis and immune evasion. All these actions contribute directly and indirectly to the development of chemoresistance and treatment failure. In this chapter, we describe the many roles EVs play in the acquisition and spread of chemoresistance in cancer. We also discuss possible uses of EVs as pharmacological targets to overcome EV-mediated drug resistance and the potential that the analysis of tumour-derived EVs offers as chemoresistance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Fujii Y, Krishnamurthy S, El-Zein R. Ultrastructural Analysis of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cell Clusters in an Ex Vivo Environment Mechanically Mimicking the Lymph Vascular System. Breast Cancer�(Auckl) 2021; 15:11782234211056134. [PMID: 34924757 PMCID: PMC8671823 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211056134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare form of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. IBC is characterized by florid lymphovascular tumor emboli in the skin and the parenchyma of the breast. We hypothesized that the formation of these emboli/clusters plays a pivotal role in IBC metastasis and its rapid progression, and that their structure and function may be a key to identifying molecular biological differences between IBC and non IBC. Methods: Mechanical methods were used to mimic the lymph fluid viscosity by adding 2.25% of PEG8000 to the media. Clusters were obtained for IBC tumor cell lines (SUM149 and IBC-3), non IBC tumor cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF7), and a non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF10A). Clusters were analyzed by light microscopy, and then prepared for and observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Significant differences were seen between IBC and non IBC clusters. The TEM analysis revealed that IBC cells harbored numerous microvilli and microvesicles, both on the free outer surface and inside the cluster. Microvilli from IBC cell clusters were noted at higher density and were longer than those of non IBC cell clusters. Conclusions: IBC tumor cell clusters exhibited distinct ultrastructural features characterized by the presence of long, crowded microvilli and numerous microvesicles. These microvilli may play an important role in the biology and aggressiveness of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Fujii
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randa El-Zein
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Abstract
Voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC) are implicated in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which VGSC increase cell invasiveness and probability of metastasis is still unknown. In this review we outline lesser known functions of VGSC outside of action potential propagation, and the current understanding of the effects of VGSC in cancer. Finally, we discuss possible downstream effects of VGSC activation in cancer cells. After extensive review of the literature, the most likely role of VGSC in cancer is in the invadopodia, the leading edge of metastatic cancer cells. Sodium gradients are used to drive many biological processes in the body, and invadopodia may be similar. The function of the sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE) and sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) are driven by sodium gradients. Voltage gated calcium channels, activated by membrane depolarization, are also capable of becoming activated in response to VGSC activity. Changes to hydrogen ion exchange or calcium handling have functional consequences for invadopodia and would explain the relationship between VGSC expression and invasiveness of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Angus
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
| | - Peter Ruben
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
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20
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Abstract
Matrigel, a basement-membrane matrix extracted from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcomas, has been used for more than four decades for a myriad of cell culture applications. However, Matrigel is limited in its applicability to cellular biology, therapeutic cell manufacturing and drug discovery owing to its complex, ill-defined and variable composition. Variations in the mechanical and biochemical properties within a single batch of Matrigel - and between batches - have led to uncertainty in cell culture experiments and a lack of reproducibility. Moreover, Matrigel is not conducive to physical or biochemical manipulation, making it difficult to fine-tune the matrix to promote intended cell behaviours and achieve specific biological outcomes. Recent advances in synthetic scaffolds have led to the development of xenogenic-free, chemically defined, highly tunable and reproducible alternatives. In this Review, we assess the applications of Matrigel in cell culture, regenerative medicine and organoid assembly, detailing the limitations of Matrigel and highlighting synthetic scaffold alternatives that have shown equivalent or superior results. Additionally, we discuss the hurdles that are limiting a full transition from Matrigel to synthetic scaffolds and provide a brief perspective on the future directions of synthetic scaffolds for cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
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21
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Cheng YQ, Wang SB, Liu JH, Jin L, Liu Y, Li CY, Su YR, Liu YR, Sang X, Wan Q, Liu C, Yang L, Wang ZC. Modifying the tumour microenvironment and reverting tumour cells: New strategies for treating malignant tumours. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12865. [PMID: 32588948 PMCID: PMC7445401 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumour fate determination. The TME acts together with the genetic material of tumour cells to determine their initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. Stromal cells in the TME promote the growth and metastasis of tumour cells by secreting soluble molecules or exosomes. The abnormal microenvironment reduces immune surveillance and tumour killing. The TME causes low anti‐tumour drug penetration and reactivity and high drug resistance. Tumour angiogenesis and microenvironmental hypoxia limit the drug concentration within the TME and enhance the stemness of tumour cells. Therefore, modifying the TME to effectively attack tumour cells could represent a comprehensive and effective anti‐tumour strategy. Normal cells, such as stem cells and immune cells, can penetrate and disrupt the abnormal TME. Reconstruction of the TME with healthy cells is an exciting new direction for tumour treatment. We will elaborate on the mechanism of the TME to support tumours and the current cell therapies for targeting tumours and the TME—such as immune cell therapies, haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation therapies, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer and embryonic stem cell‐based microenvironment therapies—to provide novel ideas for producing breakthroughs in tumour therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou Bi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hui Liu
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Run Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Zhang P, Wu X, Gardashova G, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Zeng Y. Molecular and functional extracellular vesicle analysis using nanopatterned microchips monitors tumor progression and metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz2878. [PMID: 32522804 PMCID: PMC8024111 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal cancer monitoring is crucial to clinical implementation of precision medicine. There is growing evidence indicating important functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in tumor progression and metastasis, including matrix remodeling via transporting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). However, the clinical relevance of EVs remains largely undetermined, partially owing to challenges in EV analysis. Distinct from existing technologies mostly focused on characterizing molecular constituents of EVs, here we report a nanoengineered lab-on-a-chip system that enables integrative functional and molecular phenotyping of tumor-associated EVs. A generalized, high-resolution colloidal inkjet printing method was developed to allow robust and scalable manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) nanopatterned devices. With this nanochip platform, we demonstrated integrative analysis of the expression and proteolytic activity of MMP14 on EVs to detect in vitro cell invasiveness and monitor in vivo tumor metastasis, using cancer cell lines and mouse models. Analysis of clinical plasma specimen showed that our technology could be used for cancer detection including accurate classification of age-matched controls and patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, or locally metastatic breast cancer in a training cohort (n = 30, 96.7% accuracy) and an independent validation cohort (n = 70, 92.9% accuracy). With clinical validation, our technology could provide a useful liquid biopsy tool to improve cancer diagnostics and real-time surveillance of tumor evolution in patients to inform personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Gulhumay Gardashova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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23
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Głuszko A, Szczepański MJ, Ludwig N, Mirza SM, Olejarz W. Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:1628029. [PMID: 31915681 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1628029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large number of exosomes, which may not only influence proximal tumor cells and stromal cells in the local microenvironment but can also exert systemic effects as they are circulating in the blood. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth promote progression and metastatic spread via suppression or modification of the immune response towards cancer cells, regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, and therapy resistance. In addition, recent studies in patients with cancer suggest that TEXs could serve as tumor biomarker reflecting partially the genetic and molecular content of the parent cancer cell (i.e., as a so-called “liquid biopsy”). Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes may have immunotherapeutic applications, or can act as a drug delivery system for targeted therapies with drugs and biomolecules.
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Xavier MAE, Liu S, Leppla SH, Cornelissen B. Pre-labelling versus direct labelling of anthrax proteins for imaging of matrix metalloproteinases activity using DOTA-GA. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 72-73:49-54. [PMID: 31330412 PMCID: PMC7730038 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased activity of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) is associated with reduced survival in several cancer subtypes. Aiming to produce an MMP tumour cell-selective cytotoxin, we genetically modified both components of the AB-type lethal toxin from Bacillus anthracis. Component A, Protective Antigen (PA-WT), was re-engineered to form an oligomeric pore in cell membranes only when cleaved by MMPs (PA-L1). The pore-translocation domain (LFn - N-terminal, 30 kDa) of the Lethal Factor (LF), component B, was fused to the catalytic domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin-A to increase its cytotoxic effect when delivered to cancerous cells. Here, we develop radiolabelled forms of LFn for MMP activity imaging by SPECT using the LFn/PA-L1 system. METHODS DOTA-GA-maleimide was conjugated to LFn to allow radiolabelling with 111In via two different routes: (1) LFn was conjugated with maleimide-DOTA-GA under mild conditions, and then radiolabelled in acidic conditions at 95°C, or (2) 111In was coordinated to maleimide-DOTA-GA first and then conjugated via maleimide chemistry to LFn. Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of LFn was performed to evaluate changes in its secondary structure. Cell uptake assays using the differently labelled forms of [111In]In-DOTA-GA-LFn in the presence or not of PA-WT or PA-L1 were performed. RESULTS LFn was successfully radiolabelled by either strategy. Comparison of the secondary structure content of LFn exposed to 37°C or 95°C, showed a loss of alpha helix content at higher temperatures. Cell uptake of both forms of [111In]In-DOTA-GA-LFn, labelled directly or indirectly, was significantly higher in MMP-positive cells, in the presence of PA-L1, compared to controls. Notably, despite being exposed to high temperatures, uptake of directly labelled [111In]In-DOTA-GA-LFndir was higher than indirectly labelled [111In]In-DOTA-GA-LFnindir. CONCLUSIONS 111In-radiolabelling of LFn results in a functional molecule that targets MMP-activity in cells when combined with PA-L1. [111In]In-LFn/PA-L1 is a promising MMP activity imaging agent for SPECT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ann Elvina Xavier
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shihui Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Stephen H Leppla
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Neves KB, Rios FJ, Jones R, Evans TRJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Microparticles from vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitor-treated cancer patients mediate endothelial cell injury. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:978-988. [PMID: 30753341 PMCID: PMC6452312 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors (VEGFi), used as anti-angiogenic drugs to treat cancer are associated with cardiovascular toxicities through unknown molecular mechanisms. Endothelial cell-derived microparticles (ECMPs) are biomarkers of endothelial injury and are also functionally active since they influence downstream target cell signalling and function. We questioned whether microparticle (MP) status is altered in cancer patients treated with VEGFi and whether they influence endothelial cell function associated with vascular dysfunction. Plasma MPs were isolated from cancer patients before and after treatment with VEGFi (pazopanib, sunitinib, or sorafenib). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with isolated MPs (106 MPs/mL). Microparticle characterization was assessed by flow cytometry. Patients treated with VEGFi had significantly increased levels of plasma ECMP. Endothelial cells exposed to post-VEGFi treatment ECMPs induced an increase in pre-pro-ET-1 mRNA expression, corroborating the increase in endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in HAEC stimulated with vatalanib (VEGFi). Post-VEGFi treatment MPs increased generation of reactive oxygen species in HAEC, effects attenuated by ETA (BQ123) and ETB (BQ788) receptor blockers. VEGFi post-treatment MPs also increased phosphorylation of the inhibitory site of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), decreased nitric oxide (NO), and increased ONOO- levels in HAEC, responses inhibited by ETB receptor blockade. Additionally, gene expression of proinflammatory mediators was increased in HAEC exposed to post-treatment MPs, effects inhibited by BQ123 and BQ788. Our findings define novel molecular mechanism involving interplay between microparticles, the ET-1 system and endothelial cell pro-inflammatory and redox signalling, which may be important in cardiovascular toxicity and hypertension associated with VEGFi anti-cancer treatment. New and noteworthy: our novel data identify MPs as biomarkers of VEGFi-induced endothelial injury and important mediators of ET-1-sensitive redox-regulated pro-inflammatory signalling in effector endothelial cells, processes that may contribute to cardiovascular toxicity in VEGFi-treated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Jones
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Ronald Jeffry Evans
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
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Piffoux M, Nicolás-Boluda A, Mulens-Arias V, Richard S, Rahmi G, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C, Silva AKA. Extracellular vesicles for personalized medicine: The input of physically triggered production, loading and theranostic properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:247-58. [PMID: 30553953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging advances in extracellular vesicle (EV) research brings along new promises for tailoring clinical treatments in order to meet specific disease features of each patient in a personalized medicine concept. EVs may act as regenerative effectors conveying endogenous therapeutic factors from parent cells or constitute a bio-camouflaged delivery system for exogenous therapeutic agents. Physical stimulation may be an important tool in the field of EVs for personalized therapy by powering EV production, loading and therapeutic properties. Physically-triggered EV production is inspired by naturally occurring EV release by shear stress in blood vessels. Bioinspired physically-triggered EV production technologies may bring along high yield advantages combined to scalability assets. Physical stimulation may also provide new prospects for high-efficient EV loading. Additionally, physically-triggered EV theranostic properties brings new hopes for spatio-temporal controlled therapy combined to tracking. Technological considerations related to EV-based personalized medicine and the input of physical stimulation on EV production, loading and theranostic properties will be overviewed herein.
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27
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Gillan V, Simpson DM, Kinnaird J, Maitland K, Shiels B, Devaney E. Characterisation of infection associated microRNA and protein cargo in extracellular vesicles of Theileria annulata infected leukocytes. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12969. [PMID: 30370674 PMCID: PMC6492283 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasites Theileria annulata and Theileria parva are unique amongst intracellular eukaryotic pathogens as they induce a transformation-like phenotype in their bovine host cell. T. annulata causes tropical theileriosis, which is frequently fatal, with infected leukocytes becoming metastatic and forming foci in multiple organs resulting in destruction of the lymphoid system. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EV), are critical in metastatic progression in many cancers. Here, we characterised the cargo of EV from a control bovine lymphosarcoma cell line (BL20) and BL20 infected with T. annulata (TBL20) by comparative mass spectrometry and microRNA (miRNA) profiling (data available via ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD010713 and NCBI GEO, accession number GSE118456, respectively). Ingenuity pathway analysis that many infection-associated proteins essential to migration and extracellular matrix digestion were upregulated in EV from TBL20 cells compared with BL20 controls. An altered repertoire of host miRNA, many with known roles in tumour and/or infection biology, was also observed. Focusing on the tumour suppressor miRNA, bta-miR-181a and bta-miR-181b, we identified putative messenger RNA targets and confirmed the interaction of bta-miR181a with ICAM-1. We propose that EV and their miRNA cargo play an important role in the manipulation of the host cell phenotype and the pathobiology of Theileria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gillan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Deborah M Simpson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Centre for Proteome Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jane Kinnaird
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kirsty Maitland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian Shiels
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Nawaz M, Shah N, Zanetti BR, Maugeri M, Silvestre RN, Fatima F, Neder L, Valadi H. Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: The Emerging Roles in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Progression of Diseases and Tissue Repair. Cells. 2018;7:167. [PMID: 30322133 PMCID: PMC6210724 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed micro- and nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from almost every species, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and from almost every cell type studied so far. EVs contain repertoire of bioactive molecules such as proteins (including enzymes and transcriptional factors), lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids including DNA, coding and non-coding RNAs. The secreted EVs are taken up by neighboring cells where they release their content in recipient cells, or can sail through body fluids to reach distant organs. Since EVs transport bioactive cargo between cells, they have emerged as novel mediators of extra- and intercellular activities in local microenvironment and inter-organ communications distantly. Herein, we review the activities of EV-associated matrix-remodeling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, heparanases, hyaluronidases, aggrecanases, and their regulators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducers and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as novel means of matrix remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss how such EVs act as novel mediators of extracellular matrix degradation to prepare a permissive environment for various pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and metabolic diseases. Additionally, the roles of EV-mediated matrix remodeling in tissue repair and their potential applications as organ therapies have been reviewed. Collectively, this knowledge could benefit the development of new approaches for tissue engineering.
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Gangoda L, Liem M, Ang CS, Keerthikumar S, Adda CG, Parker BS, Mathivanan S. Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes Secreted by Breast Cancer Cells with Varying Metastatic Potential. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 29115712 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells actively release extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, into the surrounding microenvironment. Exosomes play pleiotropic roles in cancer progression and metastasis, including invasion, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. However, the proteome profile of exosomes isolated from cells with different metastatic potential and the role of these exosomes in driving metastasis remains unclear. Here, we conduct a comparative proteomic analysis of exosomes isolated from several genetically related mouse breast tumor lines with different metastatic propensity. The amount of exosomes produced and the extent of cancer-associated protein cargo vary significantly between nonmetastatic and metastatic cell-derived exosomes. Metastatic cell-derived exosomes contain proteins that promote migration, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis while the nonmetastatic cell-derived exosomes contain proteins involved in cell-cell/cell-matrix adhesion and polarity maintenance. The metastatic exosomes contain a distinct set of membrane proteins including Ceruloplasmin and Metadherin which could presumably aid in targeting the primary cancer cells to specific metastatic sites. Hence, it can be concluded that the exosomes contain different protein cargo based on the host cells metastatic properties and can facilitate in the dissemination of the primary tumors to distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru Gangoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Liem
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Adda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Huang J, Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Karoly ED, Sampson JN, Albanes D. Prospective serum metabolomic profile of prostate cancer by size and extent of primary tumor. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45190-45199. [PMID: 28423352 PMCID: PMC5542177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recent investigations found serum lipid and energy metabolites related to aggressive prostate cancer up to 20 years prior to diagnosis. To elucidate whether those metabolomic profiles represent etiologic or tumor biomarker signals, we prospectively examined serum metabolites of prostate cancer cases by size and extent of primary tumors in a nested case-control analysis in the ATBC Study cohort that compared cases diagnosed with T2 (n = 71), T3 (n = 51), or T4 (n = 15) disease to controls (n = 200). Time from fasting serum collection to diagnosis averaged 10 years (range 1-20). LC/MS-GC/MS identified 625 known compounds, and logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) associated with one-standard deviation differences in log-metabolites. N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine and 2'-deoxyuridine were elevated in men with T2 cancers compared to controls (ORs = 1.38-1.79; 0.0002 ≤ p ≤ 0.01). By contrast, four lipid metabolites were inversely associated with T3 tumors: oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerophosphoinositol (GPI), palmitoyl-linoleoyl-GPI, cholate, and inositol 1-phosphate (ORs = 0.49-0.60; 0.000017 ≤ p ≤ 0.003). Secondary bile acid lipids, sex steroids and caffeine-related xanthine metabolites were elevated, while two Krebs cycle metabolites were decreased, in men diagnosed with T4 cancers. Men with T2, T3, and T4 prostate cancer primaries exhibit qualitatively different metabolite profiles years in advance of diagnosis that may represent etiologic factors, molecular patterns reflective of distinct primary tumors, or a combination of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Gutkin A, Uziel O, Beery E, Nordenberg J, Pinchasi M, Goldvaser H, Henick S, Goldberg M, Lahav M. Tumor cells derived exosomes contain hTERT mRNA and transform nonmalignant fibroblasts into telomerase positive cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59173-59188. [PMID: 27385095 PMCID: PMC5312303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small (30-100nm) vesicles secreted from all cell types serving as inter-cell communicators and affecting biological processes in “recipient” cells upon their uptake. The current study demonstrates for the first time that hTERT mRNA, the transcript of the enzyme telomerase, is shuttled from cancer cells via exosomes into telomerase negative fibroblasts, where it is translated into a fully active enzyme and transforms these cells into telomerase positive, thus creating a novel type of cells; non malignant cells with telomerase activity. All tested telomerase positive cells, including cancer cells and non malignant cells with overexpressed telomerase secreted exosomal hTERT mRNA in accordance with the endogenous levels of their hTERT mRNA and telomerase activity. Similarly exosomes isolated from sera of patients with pancreatic and lung cancer contained hTERT mRNA as well. Telomerase activity induced phenotypic changes in the recipient fibroblasts including increased proliferation, extension of life span and postponement of senescence. In addition, telomerase activity protected the fibroblasts from DNA damage induced by phleomycin and from apoptosis, indicating that also telomerase “extracurricular” activities are manifested in the recipient cells. The shuttle of telomerase from cancer cells into fibroblasts and the induction of these changes may contribute to the alterations of cancer microenvironment and its role in cancer. The described process has an obvious therapeutic potential which will be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gutkin
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Einat Beery
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Jardena Nordenberg
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maria Pinchasi
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hadar Goldvaser
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Steven Henick
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Goldberg
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Meir Lahav
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Barteneva NS, Baiken Y, Fasler-Kan E, Alibek K, Wang S, Maltsev N, Ponomarev ED, Sautbayeva Z, Kauanova S, Moore A, Beglinger C, Vorobjev IA. Extracellular vesicles in gastrointestinal cancer in conjunction with microbiota: On the border of Kingdoms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:372-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sharma S, Zuñiga F, Rice GE, Perrin LC, Hooper JD, Salomon C. Tumor-derived exosomes in ovarian cancer - liquid biopsies for early detection and real-time monitoring of cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104687-104703. [PMID: 29262670 PMCID: PMC5732836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer usually has a poor prognosis because it predominantly presents as high stage disease. New approaches are required to develop more effective early detection strategies and real-time treatment response monitoring. Nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs, including exosomes) may provide an approach to enrich tumor biomarker detection and address this clinical need. Exosomes are membranous extracellular vesicles of approximately 100 nm in diameter that have potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery tools for ovarian cancer. Exosomal content (proteins and miRNA) is often parent cell specific thus providing an insight or "fingerprint" of the intracellular environment. Furthermore, exosomes can aid cell-cell communication and have the ability to modify target cells by transferring their content. Additionally, via the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods in circulation, exosomes have potential as natural drug agents. This review examines the potential role of exosomes in diagnosis, drug delivery and real-time monitoring in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Felipe Zuñiga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lewis C. Perrin
- Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
- Mater Ovarian Cancer Research Collaborative, Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
- Mater Ovarian Cancer Research Collaborative, Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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Hisada Y, Ay C, Auriemma AC, Cooley BC, Mackman N. Human pancreatic tumors grown in mice release tissue factor-positive microvesicles that increase venous clot size. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2208-2217. [PMID: 28834179 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Tumor-bearing mice have larger venous clots than controls. Human tissue factor is present in clots in tumor-bearing mice. Inhibition of human tissue factor reduces clot size in tumor-bearing mice. This new mouse model may be useful to study mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis. SUMMARY Background Pancreatic cancer patients have a high rate of venous thromboembolism. Human pancreatic tumors and cell lines express high levels of tissue factor (TF), and release TF-positive microvesicles (TF+ MVs). In pancreatic cancer patients, tumor-derived TF+ MVs are present in the blood, and increased levels are associated with venous thromboembolism and decreased survival. Previous studies have shown that mice with orthotopic human or murine pancreatic tumors have circulating tumor-derived TF+ MVs, an activated clotting system, and increased incidence and mean clot weight in an inferior vena cava stenosis model. These results suggest that TF+ MVs contribute to thrombosis. However, the specific role of tumor-derived TF+ MVs in venous thrombosis in mice has not been determined. Objectives To test the hypothesis that tumor-derived TF+ MVs enhance thrombosis in mice. Methods We determined the contribution of TF+ MVs derived from human pancreatic tumors grown orthotopically in nude mice to venous clot formation by using an anti-human TF mAb. We used an inferior vena cava stasis model of venous thrombosis. Results Tumor-bearing mice had significantly larger clots than control mice. Clots from tumor-bearing mice contained human TF, suggesting the incorporation of tumor-derived MVs. Importantly, administration of an anti-human TF mAb reduced clot size in tumor-bearing mice but did not affect clot size in control mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that TF+ MVs released from orthotopic pancreatic tumors increase venous thrombosis in mice. This new model may be useful for evaluating the roles of different factors in cancer-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hisada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - C Ay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A C Auriemma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B C Cooley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - N Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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35
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Rilla K, Mustonen AM, Arasu UT, Härkönen K, Matilainen J, Nieminen P. Extracellular vesicles are integral and functional components of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:201-219. [PMID: 29066152 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small plasma membrane-derived particles released into the extracellular space by virtually all cell types. Recently, EV have received increased interest because of their capability to carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and signaling molecules and to transfer their cargo into the target cells. Less attention has been paid to their role in modifying the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), either directly or indirectly via regulating the ability of target cells to synthesize or degrade matrix molecules. Based on recent results, EV can be considered one of the structural and functional components of the ECM that participate in matrix organization, regulation of cells within it, and in determining the physical properties of soft connective tissues, bone, cartilage and dentin. This review addresses the relevance of EV as specific modulators of the ECM, such as during the assembly and disassembly of the molecular network, signaling through the ECM and formation of niches suitable for tissue regeneration, inflammation and tumor progression. Finally, we assess the potential of these aspects of EV biology to translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Rilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Härkönen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Matilainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Bern MM. Extracellular vesicles: how they interact with endothelium, potentially contributing to metastatic cancer cell implants. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:33. [PMID: 28933058 PMCID: PMC5607152 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are blebs of cellular membranes, which entrap small portions of subjacent cytosol. They are released from a variety of cells, circulate in the blood for an unknown length of time and come to rest on endothelial surfaces. They contribute to an array of physiologic pathways, the complexity of which is still being investigated. They contribute to metastatic malignant cell implants and tumor-related angiogenesis, possibly abetted by the tissue factor that they carry. It is thought that the adherence of the EV to endothelium is dependent upon a combination of their P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and exposed phosphatidylserine, the latter of which is normally hidden on the inner bilayer of the intact cellular membrane. This manuscript reviews what is known about EV origins, their clearance from the circulation and how they contribute to malignant cell implants upon endothelium surfaces and subsequent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray M Bern
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1201 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Desrochers LM, Antonyak MA, Cerione RA. Extracellular Vesicles: Satellites of Information Transfer in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology. Dev Cell 2017; 37:301-309. [PMID: 27219060 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The generation and shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), by cells has emerged as a form of intercellular communication with important roles in several physiological processes and diseases such as cancer. These membrane-enclosed packets can transfer specific proteins, RNA transcripts, microRNAs, and even DNA to target cells, thereby altering their function. Despite the exponential growth of the EV field, a great deal remains unclear about the mechanisms that regulate exosome and MV biogenesis, as well as about how to isolate different classes of EVs and how to best take advantage of them for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Desrochers
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA.
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Yang L, Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhao X, Li B, Wang H. Ascites promotes cell migration through the repression of miR-125b in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51008-51015. [PMID: 28881624 PMCID: PMC5584225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between ovarian cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment are not well characterized. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which malignant ascites promote the metastasis of ovarian cancer. It was found that ovarian cancer ascites promoted ovarian cancer cell migration which was attenuated by either heat inactivation or antibody blockade of TGF-β. High level (at ng/ml level) of TGF-β was detected in the ascites. In addition, ascites repressed the expression of miRNA-125b in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Mimic of miR-125b blocked ascites-induced cell migration. Furthermore, Gab2 (a target gene of miR-125b) was elevated by ascites in a TGF-β-dependent manner. And forced expression of Gab2 reversed the inhibition of migration induced by miR-125b mimic. Most importantly, the expression of miR-125b and Gab2 mRNA was negatively correlated in ovarian cancer specimens. Taken together, our finding suggested that TGF-β in ascites promoted cancer cell migration through repression of miR-125b in ovarian cancer. This might provide a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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Surman M, Stępień E, Hoja-Łukowicz D, Przybyło M. Deciphering the role of ectosomes in cancer development and progression: focus on the proteome. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:273-289. [PMID: 28317069 PMCID: PMC5442264 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ectosomes are small heterogeneous membrane vesicles generated by budding from the plasma membrane in a variety of cell types and, more frequently, in tumor cells. They are shed into the extracellular space and are proposed as a novel form of intracellular communication in which information is transmitted from the originating cell to recipient cells without direct cell-to-cell contact. This review focuses on a single population of extracellular vesicles-ectosomes. We summarize recent studies of tumor-derived ectosomes which examine their biogenesis and protein cargo, and their influence on different aspects of cancer progression. We discuss possible clinical implications involving ectosomes as potential biomarkers, diagnostic tools and treatment targets in oncology. The unique composition of the molecules (cargo) that ectosomes carry, and their functional role, depends largely on the state of their originating cell. Through horizontal transfer of a variety of biologically active molecules (including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) between donor and recipient cells, tumor-derived ectosomes may play functional roles in oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis promotion, escape from immune surveillance, and drug resistance, thereby facilitating disease progression. The presence of tumor-derived ectosomes in body fluids such as the blood and urine of cancer patients makes them potentially useful prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Tumor-derived ectosomes also offer possible targets for multiple therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Stope MB, Klinkmann G, Diesing K, Koensgen D, Burchardt M, Mustea A. Heat Shock Protein HSP27 Secretion by Ovarian Cancer Cells Is Linked to Intracellular Expression Levels, Occurs Independently of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pathway and HSP27's Phosphorylation Status, and Is Mediated by Exosome Liberation. Dis Markers 2017; 2017:1575374. [PMID: 28325957 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1575374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein HSP27 has been correlated in ovarian cancer (OC) patients with aggressiveness and chemoresistance and, therefore, represents a promising potential biomarker for OC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Notably, secretion of soluble HSP27 has been described by a few cell types and may take place as well in OC cells. Therefore, we studied HSP27 secretion mechanisms under diverse cellular conditions in an OC cell model system. Secretion of HSP27 was characterized after overexpression of HSP27 by transfected plasmids and after heat shock. Intra- and extracellular HSP27 amounts were assessed by Western blotting and ELISA. Protein secretion was blocked by brefeldin A and the impact of the HSP27 phosphorylation status was analyzed overexpressing HSP27 phosphomutants. The present study demonstrated that HSP27 secretion by OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells depends on intracellular HSP27 concentrations. Moreover, HSP27 secretion is independent of the endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway and HSP27 phosphorylation. Notably, analysis of OC cell-born exosomes not only confirmed the concentration-dependent correlation of HSP27 expression and secretion but also demonstrated a concentration-dependent incorporation of HSP27 protein into exosomes. Thus, secreted HSP27 may become more important as an extracellular factor which controls the tumor microenvironment and might be a noninvasive biomarker.
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Nawaz M, Fatima F, Nazarenko I, Ekström K, Murtaza I, Anees M, Sultan A, Neder L, Camussi G, Valadi H, Squire JA, Kislinger T. Extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer: applications to tumor biology, immunotherapy and biomarker discovery. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:395-409. [PMID: 26973172 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1165613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been tremendous interest in both the basic biology and applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in translational cancer research. This includes a better understanding of their biogenesis and mechanisms of selective cargo packaging, their precise roles in horizontal communication, and their application as non-invasive biomarkers. The rapid advances in next-generation omics technologies are the driving forces for these discoveries. In this review, the authors focus on recent results of EV research in ovarian cancer. A deeper understanding of ovarian cancer-derived EVs, the types of cargo molecules and their biological roles in cancer growth, metastases and drug resistance, could have significant impact on the discovery of novel biomarkers and innovative therapeutics. Insights into the role of EVs in immune regulation could lead to novel approaches built on EV-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- a Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Guldhedsgatan Sweden
| | - Farah Fatima
- a Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Guldhedsgatan Sweden
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- c Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control , University Medical Centre Freiburg , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Karin Ekström
- d Department of Biomaterials , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,e BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Centre of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Iram Murtaza
- f Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Mariam Anees
- f Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- f Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Luciano Neder
- a Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- g Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Centre , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Hadi Valadi
- b Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Guldhedsgatan Sweden
| | - Jeremy A Squire
- a Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- h Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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42
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Mistry DAH, French PW. Circulating Phospholipids as Biomarkers of Breast Cancer: A Review. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2016; 10:191-196. [PMID: 27867299 PMCID: PMC5110222 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s40693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. The key to surviving breast cancer is early detection and treatment. Current technologies rely heavily on imaging of the breast, and although considered the gold standard, they have their limitations. There is a need for a more accurate screening test for women of all ages, which can detect the cancer at a cellular level and before metastasis. There have been extensive studies into markers for breast cancer including protein and nucleic acid biomarkers, but to date, these have been unsuccessful. A growing field of interest is the association between breast cancer (tissue and cells) and lipids, which is documented in the literature, and may be considered as a leading candidate in the breast cancer detection space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter William French
- BCAL Diagnostics Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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43
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Mallawaaratchy DM, Hallal S, Russell B, Ly L, Ebrahimkhani S, Wei H, Christopherson RI, Buckland ME, Kaufman KL. Comprehensive proteome profiling of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles identifies markers for more aggressive disease. J Neurooncol 2016; 131:233-244. [PMID: 27770278 PMCID: PMC5306193 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in glioblastoma (GBM) biology and represent novel sources of biomarkers that are detectable in the peripheral circulation. Despite this notionally non-invasive approach to assess GBM tumours in situ, a comprehensive GBM EV protein signature has not been described. Here, EVs secreted by six GBM cell lines were isolated and analysed by quantitative high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, 844 proteins were identified in the GBM EV proteome, of which 145 proteins were common to EVs secreted by all cell lines examined; included in the curated EV compendium (Vesiclepedia_559; http://microvesicles.org). Levels of 14 EV proteins significantly correlated with cell invasion (invadopodia production; r2 > 0.5, p < 0.05), including several proteins that interact with molecules responsible for regulating invadopodia formation. Invadopodia, actin-rich membrane protrusions with proteolytic activity, are associated with more aggressive disease and are sites of EV release. Gene levels corresponding to invasion-related EV proteins showed that five genes (annexin A1, actin-related protein 3, integrin-β1, insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor and programmed cell death 6-interacting protein) were significantly higher in GBM tumours compared to normal brain in silico, with common functions relating to actin polymerisation and endosomal sorting. We also show that Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) washings are a novel source of brain tumour-derived EVs, demonstrated by particle tracking analysis, TEM and proteome profiling. Quantitative proteomics corroborated the high levels of proposed invasion-related proteins in EVs enriched from a GBM compared to low-grade astrocytoma tumour. Large-scale clinical follow-up of putative biomarkers, particularly the proposed survival marker annexin A1, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duthika M Mallawaaratchy
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Susannah Hallal
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ben Russell
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Linda Ly
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Saeideh Ebrahimkhani
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Heng Wei
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Richard I Christopherson
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Kaufman
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Aubertin K, Silva AK, Luciani N, Espinosa A, Djemat A, Charue D, Gallet F, Blanc-Brude O, Wilhelm C. Massive release of extracellular vesicles from cancer cells after photodynamic treatment or chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35376. [PMID: 27752092 DOI: 10.1038/srep35376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an emerging cancer treatment that is particularly adapted for localized malignant tumor. The phototherapeutic agent is generally injected in the bloodstream and circulates in the whole organism as a chemotherapeutic agent, but needs light triggering to induce localized therapeutic effects. We found that one of the responses of in vitro and in vivo cancer cells to photodynamic therapy was a massive production and emission of extracellular vesicles (EVs): only 1 hour after the photo-activation, thousands of vesicles per cell were emitted in the extracellular medium. A similar effect has been found after treatment with Doxorubicin (chemotherapy), but far less EVs were produced, even 24 hours after the treatment. Furthermore, we found that the released EVs could transfer extracellular membrane components, drugs and even large intracellular objects to naive target cells. In vivo, photodynamic treatment and chemotherapy increased the levels of circulating EVs several fold, confirming the vast induction of cancer cell vesiculation triggered by anti-cancer therapies.
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Giusti I, Delle Monache S, Di Francesco M, Sanità P, D'Ascenzo S, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Dolo V. From glioblastoma to endothelial cells through extracellular vesicles: messages for angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12743-12753. [PMID: 27448307 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma has one of the highest mortality rates among cancers, and it is the most common and malignant form of brain cancer. Among the typical features of glioblastoma tumors, there is an aberrant vascularization: all gliomas are among the most vascularized/angiogenic tumors. In recent years, it has become clear that glioblastoma cells can secrete extracellular vesicles which are spherical and membrane-enclosed particles released, in vitro or in vivo, by both normal and tumor cells; they are involved in the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes; among the latter, cancer is the most widely studied. Extracellular vesicles from tumor cells convey messages to other tumor cells, but also to normal stromal cells in order to create a microenvironment that supports cancer growth and progression and are implicated in drug resistance, escape from immunosurveillance and from apoptosis, as well as in metastasis formation; they are also involved in angiogenesis stimulation, inducing endothelial cells proliferation, and other pro-angiogenic activities. To this aim, the present paper assesses in detail the extracellular vesicles phenomenon in the human glioblastoma cell line U251 and evaluates extracellular vesicles ability to promote the processes required to achieve the formation of new blood vessels in human brain microvascular endothelial cells, highlighting that they stimulate proliferation, motility, and tube formation in a dose-response manner. Moreover, a molecular characterization shows that extracellular vesicles are fully equipped for angiogenesis stimulation in terms of proteolytic enzymes (gelatinases and plasminogen activators), pro-angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and TGFβ), and the promoting-angiogenic CXCR4 chemokine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Francesco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sanità
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Ascenzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Hurwitz SN, Conlon MM, Rider MA, Brownstein NC, Meckes DG. Nanoparticle analysis sheds budding insights into genetic drivers of extracellular vesicle biogenesis. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:31295. [PMID: 27421995 PMCID: PMC4947197 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.31295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in healthy and pathological environments. Because EVs are present in a variety of biological fluids and contain molecular signatures of their cell or tissue of origin, they have great diagnostic and prognostic value. The ability of EVs to deliver biologically active proteins, RNAs and lipids to cells has generated interest in developing novel therapeutics. Despite their potential medical use, many of the mechanisms underlying EV biogenesis and secretion remain unknown. Methods Here, we characterized vesicle secretion across the NCI-60 panel of human cancer cells by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Using CellMiner, the quantity of EVs secreted by each cell line was compared to reference transcriptomics data to identify gene products associated with vesicle secretion. Results Gene products positively associated with the quantity of exosomal-sized vesicles included vesicular trafficking classes of proteins with Rab GTPase function and sphingolipid metabolism. Positive correlates of larger microvesicle-sized vesicle secretion included gene products involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and exocytosis, as well as Rab GTPase activation. One of the identified targets, CD63, was further evaluated for its role in vesicle secretion. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 knockout of the CD63 gene in HEK293 cells resulted in a decrease in small vesicle secretion, suggesting the importance of CD63 in exosome biogenesis. Conclusion These observations reveal new insights into genes involved in exosome and microvesicle formation, and may provide a means to distinguish EV sub-populations. This study offers a foundation for further exploration of targets involved in EV biogenesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Hurwitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Meghan M Conlon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mark A Rider
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Naomi C Brownstein
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David G Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA;
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Junquera C, Castiella T, Muñoz G, Fernández-Pacheco R, Luesma MJ, Monzón M. Biogenesis of a new type of extracellular vesicles in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ultrastructural profiles of spheresomes. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:557-567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Giusti I, Cervelli C, D'Ascenzo S, Di Francesco M, Ligas C, D'Alessandro E, Papola F, Dolo V. The human ovarian cancer cell line CABA I: A peculiar genetic evolution. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:879-88. [PMID: 26934856 PMCID: PMC4790663 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to study the human ovarian cancer cell line CABA I by means of short tandem repeats (STR) profiling and cytogenetic analysis in order to prevent future misidentification or cross-contamination and verify its stability during in vitro cultivation. To this end, cells at passages 18 and 38 were analyzed using cytogenetic techniques in order to verify possible chromosomal aberrations and the karyotypic evolution of this cell line; GTG-banding and FISH were also performed. For STR analysis, DNA was extracted using the automated extractor MagNA pure and analyzed by means of PowerPlex 16 HS. STR profiles were analyzed by GeneMapper 3.2.1 software. Whereas comparative cytogenetic analysis of CABA I cells at passage 18 and 38 has demonstrated considerable genetic instability, we found that STR profiles were essentially unaltered in both analyzed passages, suggesting that the STR profile is reliable and could be used for the regular authentication of CABA I over time. It should be emphasized, however, that of the 16 loci generally used in human STR profiles, only 3 were properly detectable in CABA I. The data highlight that the CABA I cell line demonstrates an anomalous STR profile that does not fully adjust the criteria currently used for the identification of human cells; in spite of this, it remains stable during the in vitro maintainance. Moreover, the genetic instability of the CABA I cell line overlaps with those observed in vivo in tumor cells, making it a suitable candidate to analyze, in vitro, the peculiar genetic evolution of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Cervelli
- Regional Center of Immunohematology and Tissue Typing, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Ascenzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Francesco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ligas
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elvira D'Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Franco Papola
- Regional Center of Immunohematology and Tissue Typing, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Briens A, Gauberti M, Parcq J, Montaner J, Vivien D, de lizarrondo SM. Nano-zymography Using Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Unmasks Proteolytic Activity of Cell-Derived Microparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:610-26. [PMID: 27022410 PMCID: PMC4805657 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are nano-sized vesicles released by activated cells in the extracellular milieu. They act as vectors of biological activity by carrying membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic constituents of the parental cells. Although detection and characterization of cell-derived MPs may be of high diagnostic and prognostic values in a number of human diseases, reliable measurement of their size, number and biological activity still remains challenging using currently available methods. In the present study, we developed a protocol to directly image and functionally characterize MPs using high-resolution laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Once trapped on annexin-V coated micro-wells, we developed several assays using fluorescent reporters to measure their size, detect membrane antigens and evaluate proteolytic activity (nano-zymography). In particular, we demonstrated the applicability and specificity of this method to detect antigens and proteolytic activities of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase and plasmin at the surface of engineered MPs from transfected cell-lines. Furthermore, we were able to identify a subset of tPA-bearing fibrinolytic MPs using plasma samples from a cohort of ischemic stroke patients who received thrombolytic therapy and in an experimental model of thrombin-induced ischemic stroke in mice. Overall, this method is promising for functional characterization of cell-derived MPs.
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Kajdos M, Janas Ł, Kolasa-Zwierzchowska D, Wilczyński JR, Stetkiewicz T. Microvesicles as a potential biomarker of neoplastic diseases and their role in development and progression of neoplasm. Prz Menopauzalny 2015; 14:283-91. [PMID: 26848301 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2015.56540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic diseases together with cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent causes of death in the Polish population. Cancers of reproductive organs with breast cancer are responsible for the highest morbidity and mortality in women suffering from neoplasm diseases. Asymptomatic dynamics of the development of a neoplasm and no deviations from the normal level of laboratory results contribute to the fact that malignant diseases are diagnosed too late. The aim of modern medicine is to diagnose cancer at the earliest stage, however, there is no sufficiently sensitive and specific biomarker which can be used for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Cellular interactions play the main role in the development, angiogenesis and invasiveness of a tumor. Recent research suggests the possibility of microvesicles (MVs) involvement in communication between cells. The MVs ability to fuse with various cells is used in cell-to-cell contact. Microvesicles cargo may include growth factors, their receptors, protease, adhesion molecules, signaling molecules and the sequence of DNA, mRNA, and micro-RNA. Larger quantities of MVs released from neoplastic cells affect both the local environment and systematic range causing metastases and progression. The research on molecular mechanisms of MVs’ release and the presence of characteristic oncogenes in blood of patients with neoplasms is being carried out. Confirmation of MVs presence in patients’ serum can potentially serve as useful information for therapeutic purposes and as the biomarker of a neoplastic disease.
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