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Rico AJ, Corcho A, Chocarro J, Ariznabarreta G, Roda E, Honrubia A, Arnaiz P, Lanciego JL. Development and characterization of a non-human primate model of disseminated synucleinopathy. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1355940. [PMID: 38601798 PMCID: PMC11004326 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1355940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The presence of a widespread cortical synucleinopathy is the main neuropathological hallmark underlying clinical entities such as Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). There currently is a pressing need for the development of non-human primate (NHPs) models of PDD and DLB to further overcome existing limitations in drug discovery. Methods Here we took advantage of a retrogradely-spreading adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 coding for the alpha-synuclein A53T mutated gene (AAV9-SynA53T) to induce a widespread synucleinopathy of cortical and subcortical territories innervating the putamen. Four weeks post-AAV deliveries animals were sacrificed and a comprehensive biodistribution study was conducted, comprising the quantification of neurons expressing alpha-synuclein, rostrocaudal distribution and their specific location. Results Intraputaminal deliveries of AAV9-SynA53T lead to a disseminated synucleinopathy throughout ipsi- and contralateral cerebral cortices, together with transduced neurons located in the ipsilateral caudal intralaminar nuclei and in the substantia nigra pars compacta (leading to thalamostriatal and nigrostriatal projections, respectively). Cortical afferent systems were found to be the main contributors to putaminal afferents (superior frontal and precentral gyri in particular). Discussion Obtained data extends current models of synucleinopathies in NHPs, providing a reproducible platform enabling the adequate implementation of end-stage preclinical screening of new drugs targeting alpha-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Rico
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Almudena Corcho
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julia Chocarro
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Goiaz Ariznabarreta
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elvira Roda
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Adriana Honrubia
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Patricia Arnaiz
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - José L. Lanciego
- CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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Salegio EA, Hancock K, Korszen S. Pre-clinical delivery of gene therapy products to the cerebrospinal fluid: challenges and considerations for clinical translation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1248271. [PMID: 37664241 PMCID: PMC10469667 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1248271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While the majority of gene therapy studies in neurological indications have focused on direct gene transfer to the central nervous system (CNS), there is growing interest in the delivery of therapeutics using the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a conduit. Historically, direct CNS routes-of-administration (RoAs) have relied on tissue dynamics, displacement of interstitial fluid, and regional specificity to achieve focal delivery into regions of interest, such as the brain. While intraparenchymal delivery minimizes peripheral organ exposure, one perceived drawback is the relative invasiveness of this approach to drug delivery. In this mini review, we examine the CSF as an alternative RoA to target CNS tissue and discuss considerations associated with the safety of performing such procedures, biodistribution of therapeutics following single administration, and translation of findings given differences between small and large animals. These factors will help delineate key considerations for translating data obtained from animal studies into clinical settings that may be useful in the treatment of neurological conditions.
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Oguchi M, Sakagami M. Dissecting the Prefrontal Network With Pathway-Selective Manipulation in the Macaque Brain—A Review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917407. [PMID: 35677354 PMCID: PMC9168219 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaque monkeys are prime animal models for studying the neural mechanisms of decision-making because of their close kinship with humans. Manipulation of neural activity during decision-making tasks is essential for approaching the causal relationship between the brain and its functions. Conventional manipulation methods used in macaque studies are coarse-grained, and have worked indiscriminately on mutually intertwined neural pathways. To systematically dissect neural circuits responsible for a variety of functions, it is essential to analyze changes in behavior and neural activity through interventions in specific neural pathways. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have applied optogenetics and chemogenetics to achieve fine-grained pathway-selective manipulation in the macaque brain. Here, we review the developments in macaque studies involving pathway-selective operations, with a particular focus on applications to the prefrontal network. Pathway selectivity can be achieved using single viral vector transduction combined with local light stimulation or ligand administration directly into the brain or double-viral vector transduction combined with systemic drug administration. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. We also highlight recent technological developments in viral vectors that can effectively infect the macaque brain, as well as the development of methods to deliver photostimulation or ligand drugs to a wide area to effectively manipulate behavior. The development and dissemination of such pathway-selective manipulations of macaque prefrontal networks will enable us to efficiently dissect the neural mechanisms of decision-making and innovate novel treatments for decision-related psychiatric disorders.
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Han Z, Luo N, Kou J, Li L, Xu Z, Wei S, Wu Y, Wang J, Ye C, Lin K, Xu F. Brain-wide TVA compensation allows rabies virus to retrograde target cell-type-specific projection neurons. Mol Brain 2022; 15:13. [PMID: 35093138 PMCID: PMC8800268 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde tracers based on viral vectors are powerful tools for the imaging and manipulation of upstream neural networks projecting to a specific brain region, and they play important roles in structural and functional studies of neural circuits. However, currently reported retrograde viral tracers have many limitations, such as brain area selectivity or the inability to retrograde label genetically defined brain-wide projection neurons. To overcome these limitations, a new retrograde tracing method, AAV-PHP.eB assisted retrograde tracing systems (PARTS) based on rabies virus, was established through brain-wide TVA-dependent targeting using an AAV-PHP.eB that efficiently crosses the blood-brain barrier in C57BL/6 J mice, and complementation of EnvA-pseudotyped defective rabies virus that specifically recognizes the TVA receptor. Furthermore, combined with Cre transgenic mice, cell-type-specific PARTS (cPARTS) was developed, which can retrograde label genetically defined brain-wide projection neurons. Our research provides new tools and technical support for the analysis of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengpeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengsong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Kou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wei
- HongYi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunzhang Lin
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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Benatti HR, Gray-Edwards HL. Adeno-Associated Virus Delivery Limitations for Neurological Indications. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1-7. [PMID: 35049369 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.29196.hrb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Ribeiro Benatti
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Casado-Sainz A, Gudmundsen F, Baerentzen SL, Lange D, Ringsted A, Martinez-Tejada I, Medina S, Lee H, Svarer C, Keller SH, Schain M, Kjaerby C, Fisher PM, Cumming P, Palner M. Dorsal striatal dopamine induces fronto-cortical hypoactivity and attenuates anxiety and compulsive behaviors in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:454-64. [PMID: 34725486 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal striatal dopamine transmission engages the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which is implicated in many neuropsychiatric diseases, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet it is unknown if dorsal striatal dopamine hyperactivity is the cause or consequence of changes elsewhere in the CSTC circuit. Classical pharmacological and neurotoxic manipulations of the CSTC and other brain circuits suffer from various drawbacks related to off-target effects and adaptive changes. Chemogenetics, on the other hand, enables a highly selective targeting of specific neuronal populations within a given circuit. In this study, we developed a chemogenetic method for selective activation of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, which innervates the dorsal striatum in the rat. We used this model to investigate effects of targeted dopamine activation on CSTC circuit function, especially in fronto-cortical regions. We found that chemogenetic activation of these neurons increased movement (as expected with increased dopamine release), rearings and time spent in center, while also lower self-grooming. Furthermore, this activation increased prepulse inhibition of the startle response in females. Remarkably, we observed reduced [18F]FDG metabolism in the frontal cortex, following dopamine activation in the dorsal striatum, while total glutamate levels- in this region were increased. This result is in accord with clinical studies of increased [18F]FDG metabolism and lower glutamate levels in similar regions of the brain of people with OCD. Taken together, the present chemogenetic model adds a mechanistic basis with behavioral and translational relevance to prior clinical neuroimaging studies showing deficits in fronto-cortical glucose metabolism across a variety of clinical populations (e.g. addiction, risky decision-making, compulsivity or obesity).
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Wang J, Zhang L. Retrograde Axonal Transport Property of Adeno-Associated Virus and Its Possible Application in Future. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104829. [PMID: 33878458 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has become a treatment method for many diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most common virus vectors, is also widely used in the gene therapy field. During the past 2 decades, the retrograde axonal transportability of AAV has been discovered and utilized. Many studies have worked on the retrograde axonal transportability of AAV, and more and more people are interested in this field. This review described the current application, influence factors, and mechanism of retrograde axonal transportability of AAV and predicted its potential use in disease treatment in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng Qu, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Perrier S, Michell-Robinson MA, Bernard G. POLR3-Related Leukodystrophy: Exploring Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:631802. [PMID: 33633543 PMCID: PMC7902007 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.631802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a class of rare inherited central nervous system (CNS) disorders that affect the white matter of the brain, typically leading to progressive neurodegeneration and early death. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are characterized by the abnormal formation of the myelin sheath during development. POLR3-related or 4H (hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) leukodystrophy is one of the most common types of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy for which no curative treatment or disease-modifying therapy is available. This review aims to describe potential therapies that could be further studied for effectiveness in pre-clinical studies, for an eventual translation to the clinic to treat the neurological manifestations associated with POLR3-related leukodystrophy. Here, we discuss the therapeutic approaches that have shown promise in other leukodystrophies, as well as other genetic diseases, and consider their use in treating POLR3-related leukodystrophy. More specifically, we explore the approaches of using stem cell transplantation, gene replacement therapy, and gene editing as potential treatment options, and discuss their possible benefits and limitations as future therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Perrier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mackenzie A. Michell-Robinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Montréal Children’s Hospital and McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Weber-Adrian D, Kofoed RH, Silburt J, Noroozian Z, Shah K, Burgess A, Rideout S, Kügler S, Hynynen K, Aubert I. Systemic AAV6-synapsin-GFP administration results in lower liver biodistribution, compared to AAV1&2 and AAV9, with neuronal expression following ultrasound-mediated brain delivery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1934. [PMID: 33479314 PMCID: PMC7820310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-surgical gene delivery to the brain can be achieved following intravenous injection of viral vectors coupled with transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRIgFUS) to temporarily and locally permeabilize the blood-brain barrier. Vector and promoter selection can provide neuronal expression in the brain, while limiting biodistribution and expression in peripheral organs. To date, the biodistribution of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) within peripheral organs had not been quantified following intravenous injection and MRIgFUS delivery to the brain. We evaluated the quantity of viral DNA from the serotypes AAV9, AAV6, and a mosaic AAV1&2, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the neuron-specific synapsin promoter (syn). AAVs were administered intravenously during MRIgFUS targeting to the striatum and hippocampus in mice. The syn promoter led to undetectable levels of GFP expression in peripheral organs. In the liver, the biodistribution of AAV9 and AAV1&2 was 12.9- and 4.4-fold higher, respectively, compared to AAV6. The percentage of GFP-positive neurons in the FUS-targeted areas of the brain was comparable for AAV6-syn-GFP and AAV1&2-syn-GFP. In summary, MRIgFUS-mediated gene delivery with AAV6-syn-GFP had lower off-target biodistribution in the liver compared to AAV9 and AAV1&2, while providing neuronal GFP expression in the striatum and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Weber-Adrian
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Present Address: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen′s University, Kingston, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rikke Hahn Kofoed
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Joseph Silburt
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zeinab Noroozian
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kairavi Shah
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alison Burgess
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shawna Rideout
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Neurology, Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB) at University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Albaugh DL, Smith Y, Galvan A. Comparative analyses of transgene expression patterns after intra-striatal injections of rAAV2-retro in rats and rhesus monkeys: A light and electron microscopic study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4824-4839. [PMID: 33113247 PMCID: PMC7902345 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retrogradely-transducing viral vectors are versatile tools for anatomical and functional interrogations of neural circuits. These vectors can be applied in nonhuman primates (NHPs), powerful model species for neuroscientific studies with limited genetic tractability, but limited data are available regarding the tropism and transgene expression patterns of such viruses after injections in NHP brains. Consequently, NHP researchers must often rely on related data available from other species for experimental planning. To evaluate the suitability of rAAV2-retro in the NHP basal ganglia, we studied the transgene expression patterns at the light and electron microscope level after injections of rAAV2-retro vector encoding the opsin Jaws conjugated to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the putamen of rhesus macaques. For inter-species comparison, we injected the same vector in the rat dorsal striatum. In both species, GFP expression was observed in numerous cortical and subcortical regions with known striatal projections. However, important inter-species differences in pathway transduction were seen, including labeling of the intralaminar thalamostriatal projection in rats, but not monkeys. Electron microscopic ultrastructural observations within the basal ganglia revealed GFP labeling in both postsynaptic dendrites and presynaptic axonal terminals; the latter likely derived from anterograde transgene transport in neurons that project to the striatum, and from collaterals of these neurons. Our results suggest that certain neural pathways may be refractory to transduction by retrograde vectors in a species-specific manner, highlighting the need for caution when determining the suitability of a retrograde vector for NHP studies based solely on rodent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Albaugh
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Sano H, Kobayashi K, Yoshioka N, Takebayashi H, Nambu A. Retrograde gene transfer into neural pathways mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-AAV receptor interaction. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 345:108887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Engmann AK, Bizzozzero F, Schneider MP, Pfyffer D, Imobersteg S, Schneider R, Hofer AS, Wieckhorst M, Schwab ME. The Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus Plays a Significant Role in Locomotor Recovery after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8292-8305. [PMID: 32978289 PMCID: PMC7577599 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0474-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the brainstem has been seen as hardwired and poorly capable of plastic adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI). Data acquired over the past decades, however, suggest differently: following SCI in various animal models (lamprey, chick, rodents, nonhuman primates), different forms of spontaneous anatomic plasticity of reticulospinal projections, many of them originating from the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (NRG), have been observed. In line with these anatomic observations, animals and humans with incomplete SCI often show various degrees of spontaneous motor recovery of hindlimb/leg function. Here, we investigated the functional relevance of two different modes of reticulospinal fiber growth after cervical hemisection, local rewiring of axotomized projections at the lesion site versus compensatory outgrowth of spared axons, using projection-specific, adeno-associated virus-mediated chemogenetic neuronal silencing. Detailed assessment of joint movements and limb kinetics during overground locomotion in female adult rats showed that locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG fibers were responsible for different aspects of recovered forelimb and hindlimb functions (i.e., stability, strength, coordination, speed, or timing). During walking and swimming, both locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG plasticity were crucial for recovered function, while the contribution of locally rewired NRG plasticity to wading performance was limited. Our data demonstrate comprehensively that locally rewired as well as compensatory plasticity of reticulospinal axons functionally contribute to the observed spontaneous improvement of stepping performance after incomplete SCI and are at least partially causative to the observed recovery of function, which can also be observed in human patients with spinal hemisection lesions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Following unilateral hemisection of the spinal cord, reticulospinal projections are destroyed on the injured side, resulting in impaired locomotion. Over time, a high degree of recovery can be observed in lesioned animals, like in human hemicord patients. In the rat, recovery is accompanied by pronounced spontaneous plasticity of axotomized and spared reticulospinal axons. We demonstrate the causative relevance of locally rewired as well as compensatory reticulospinal plasticity for the recovery of locomotor functions following spinal hemisection, using chemogenetic tools to selectively silence newly formed connections in behaviorally recovered animals. Moving from a correlative to a causative understanding of the role of neuroanatomical plasticity for functional recovery is fundamental for successful translation of treatment approaches from experimental studies to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Engmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Bizzozzero
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc P Schneider
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Pfyffer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Imobersteg
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Schneider
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Sophie Hofer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wieckhorst
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Lin K, Zhong X, Li L, Ying M, Yang T, Zhang Z, He X, Xu F. AAV9-Retro mediates efficient transduction with axon terminal absorption and blood-brain barrier transportation. Mol Brain 2020; 13:138. [PMID: 33054827 PMCID: PMC7556953 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs), particularly those that permit efficient gene transfer to neurons from axonal terminals or across the blood–brain barrier, are useful vehicles for structural and functional studies of the neural circuit and for the treatment of many gene-deficient brain diseases that need to compensate for the correct genes in every cell in the whole brain. However, AAVs with these two advantages have not been reported. Here, we describe a new capsid engineering method, which exploits the combination of different capsids and aims to yield a capsid that can provide more alternative routes of administration that are more suitable for the wide-scale transduction of the central nervous system (CNS). A new AAV variant, AAV9-Retro, was developed by inserting the 10-mer peptide fragment from AAV2-Retro into the capsid of AAV9, and the biodistribution properties were evaluated in mice. By intracranial and intravenous injection in the mice, we found that AAV9-Retro can retrogradely infect projection neurons with an efficiency comparable to that of AAV2-Retro and retains the characteristic of AAV9, which can be transported across the nervous system. Our strategy provides a new tool for the manipulation of neural circuits and future preclinical and clinical treatment of some neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhang Lin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Min Ying
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tian Yang
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China. .,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen, Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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14
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Xu X, Holmes TC, Luo MH, Beier KT, Horwitz GD, Zhao F, Zeng W, Hui M, Semler BL, Sandri-Goldin RM. Viral Vectors for Neural Circuit Mapping and Recent Advances in Trans-synaptic Anterograde Tracers. Neuron 2020; 107:1029-1047. [PMID: 32755550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral tracers are important tools for neuroanatomical mapping and genetic payload delivery. Genetically modified viruses allow for cell-type-specific targeting and overcome many limitations of non-viral tracers. Here, we summarize the viruses that have been developed for neural circuit mapping, and we provide a primer on currently applied anterograde and retrograde viral tracers with practical guidance on experimental uses. We also discuss and highlight key technical and conceptual considerations for developing new safer and more effective anterograde trans-synaptic viral vectors for neural circuit analysis in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gregory D Horwitz
- The Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 102206, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - May Hui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA
| | - Bert L Semler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rozanne M Sandri-Goldin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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15
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Cushnie AK, El-Nahal HG, Bohlen MO, May PJ, Basso MA, Grimaldi P, Wang MZ, de Velasco Ezequiel MF, Sommer MA, Heilbronner SR. Using rAAV2-retro in rhesus macaques: Promise and caveats for circuit manipulation. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 345:108859. [PMID: 32668316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genetic technologies such as opto- and chemogenetics allow for the manipulation of brain circuits with unprecedented precision. Most studies employing these techniques have been undertaken in rodents, but a more human-homologous model for studying the brain is the nonhuman primate (NHP). Optimizing viral delivery of transgenes encoding actuator proteins could revolutionize the way we study neuronal circuits in NHPs. NEW METHOD: rAAV2-retro, a popular new capsid variant, produces robust retrograde labeling in rodents. Whether rAAV2-retro's highly efficient retrograde transport would translate to NHPs was unknown. Here, we characterized the anatomical distribution of labeling following injections of rAAV2-retro encoding opsins or DREADDs in the cortico-basal ganglia and oculomotor circuits of rhesus macaques. RESULTS rAAV2-retro injections in striatum, frontal eye field, and superior colliculus produced local labeling at injection sites and robust retrograde labeling in many afferent regions. In every case, however, a few brain regions with well-established projections to the injected structure lacked retrogradely labeled cells. We also observed robust terminal field labeling in downstream structures. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Patterns of labeling were similar to those obtained with traditional tract-tracers, except for some afferent labeling that was noticeably absent. CONCLUSIONS rAAV2-retro promises to be useful for circuit manipulation via retrograde transduction in NHPs, but caveats were revealed by our findings. Some afferently connected regions lacked retrogradely labeled cells, showed robust axon terminal labeling, or both. This highlights the importance of anatomically characterizing rAAV2-retro's expression in target circuits in NHPs before moving to manipulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana K Cushnie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hala G El-Nahal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Martin O Bohlen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Paul J May
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, United States
| | - Michele A Basso
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Neurobiology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Univ. of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Piercesare Grimaldi
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Neurobiology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Univ. of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Maya Zhe Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | | | - Marc A Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Sarah R Heilbronner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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16
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Merola A, Van Laar A, Lonser R, Bankiewicz K. Gene therapy for Parkinson’s disease: contemporary practice and emerging concepts. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:577-590. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1763794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Merola
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amber Van Laar
- Brain Neurotherapy Bio, Inc., Columbus, OH, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Russell Lonser
- Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krzysztof Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Lyons C, Razzoli M, Larson E, Svedberg D, Frontini A, Cinti S, Vulchanova L, Sanders M, Thomas M, Bartolomucci A. Optogenetic-induced sympathetic neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:2765-2773. [PMID: 31908033 PMCID: PMC7306786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that plays a major role in energy balance, obesity, and diabetes due to the potent glucose and lipid clearance that fuels its thermogenesis, which is largely mediated via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, thus far there has been little experimental validation of the hypothesis that selective neuromodulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT is sufficient to elicit thermogenesis in mice. We generated mice expressing blue light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT using two different strategies: injecting the BAT of C57Bl/6J mice with AAV6-hSyn-ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP; crossbreeding tyrosine hydroxylase-Cre mice with floxed-stop ChR2-EYFP mice. The nerves in the BAT expressing ChR2 were selectively stimulated with a blue LED light positioned underneath the fat pad of anesthetized mice, while the BAT and core temperatures were simultaneously recorded. Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the selective expression of EYFP in TH positive nerves fibers. In addition, local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves induced significant increase in the BAT temperature followed by an increase in core temperature in mice expressing ChR2, but not in the respective controls. The BAT activation was also paralleled by increased levels of pre-UCP1 transcript. Our results demonstrate that local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is sufficient to elicit BAT and core thermogenesis, thus suggesting that peripheral neuromodulation has the potential to be exploited as an alternative to pharmacotherapies to elicit organ activation and thus ameliorate type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Erin Larson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Daniel Svedberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Sanders
- University Imaging Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
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18
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Abstract
When hearing fails, cochlear implants (CIs) provide open speech perception to most of the currently half a million CI users. CIs bypass the defective sensory organ and stimulate the auditory nerve electrically. The major bottleneck of current CIs is the poor coding of spectral information, which results from wide current spread from each electrode contact. As light can be more conveniently confined, optical stimulation of the auditory nerve presents a promising perspective for a fundamental advance of CIs. Moreover, given the improved frequency resolution of optical excitation and its versatility for arbitrary stimulation patterns the approach also bears potential for auditory research. Here, we review the current state of the art focusing on the emerging concept of optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway. Developing optogenetic stimulation for auditory research and future CIs requires efforts toward viral gene transfer to the neurons, design and characterization of appropriate optogenetic actuators, as well as engineering of multichannel optical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dombrowski
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ruhr University Bochum, St. Elisabeth Hospital, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Vladan Rankovic
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Hudry E, Vandenberghe LH. Therapeutic AAV Gene Transfer to the Nervous System: A Clinical Reality. Neuron 2019; 101:839-862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Lesniak A, Kilinc D, Blasiak A, Galea G, Simpson JC, Lee GU. Rapid Growth Cone Uptake and Dynein-Mediated Axonal Retrograde Transport of Negatively Charged Nanoparticles in Neurons Is Dependent on Size and Cell Type. Small 2019; 15:e1803758. [PMID: 30565853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are now used in numerous technologies and serve as carriers for several new classes of therapeutics. Studies of the distribution of NPs in vivo demonstrate that they can be transported through biological barriers and are concentrated in specific tissues. Here, transport behavior, and final destination of polystyrene NPs are reported in primary mouse cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, cultured in two-compartmental microfluidic devices. In both cell types, negative polystyrene NPs (PS(-)) smaller than 100 nm are taken up by the axons, undergo axonal retrograde transport, and accumulate in the somata. Examination of NP transport reveals different transport mechanisms depending on the cell type, particle charge, and particle internalization by the lysosomes. In cortical neurons, PS(-) inside lysosomes and 40 nm positive polystyrene NPs undergo slow axonal transport, whereas PS(-) outside lysosomes undergo fast axonal transport. Inhibition of dynein in cortical neurons decreases the transport velocity and cause a dose-dependent reduction in the number of accumulated PS(-), suggesting that the fast axonal transport is dynein mediated. These results show that the axonal retrograde transport of NPs depends on the endosomal pathway taken and establishes a means for screening nanoparticle-based therapeutics for diseases that involve neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lesniak
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Agata Blasiak
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - George Galea
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gil U Lee
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Abstract
Gene therapy has the potential to provide therapeutic benefit to millions of people with neurodegenerative diseases through several means, including direct correction of pathogenic mechanisms, neuroprotection, neurorestoration, and symptom control. Therapeutic efficacy is therefore dependent on knowledge of the disease pathogenesis and the required temporal and spatial specificity of gene expression. An additional critical challenge is achieving the most complete transduction of the target structure while avoiding leakage into neighboring regions or perivascular spaces. The gene therapy field has recently entered a new technological era, in which interventional MRI-guided convection-enhanced delivery (iMRI-CED) is the gold standard for verifying accurate vector delivery in real time. The availability of this advanced neurosurgical technique may accelerate the translation of the promising preclinical therapeutics under development for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sudhakar
- Brain Modulation Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Brain Modulation Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
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22
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Sun S, Schaffer DV. Engineered viral vectors for functional interrogation, deconvolution, and manipulation of neural circuits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:163-170. [PMID: 29614429 PMCID: PMC5984719 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of traditional replication-competent viral tracers has granted access to immediate synaptic partners of target neuronal populations, enabling the dissection of complex brain circuits into functional neural pathways. The excessive virulence of most conventional tracers, however, impedes their utility in revealing and genetically perturbing cellular function on long time scales. As a promising alternative, the natural capacity of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to safely mediate persistent and robust gene expression has stimulated strong interest in adapting them for sparse neuronal labeling and physiological studies. Furthermore, increasingly refined engineering strategies have yielded novel AAV variants with enhanced target specificity, transduction, and retrograde trafficking in the CNS. These potent vectors offer new opportunities for characterizing the identity and connectivity of single neurons within immense networks and modulating their activity via robust delivery of functional genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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23
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O'Shea DJ, Kalanithi P, Ferenczi EA, Hsueh B, Chandrasekaran C, Goo W, Diester I, Ramakrishnan C, Kaufman MT, Ryu SI, Yeom KW, Deisseroth K, Shenoy KV. Development of an optogenetic toolkit for neural circuit dissection in squirrel monkeys. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6775. [PMID: 29712920 PMCID: PMC5928036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic tools have opened a rich experimental landscape for understanding neural function and disease. Here, we present the first validation of eight optogenetic constructs driven by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and a WGA-Cre based dual injection strategy for projection targeting in a widely-used New World primate model, the common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. We observed opsin expression around the local injection site and in axonal projections to downstream regions, as well as transduction to thalamic neurons, resembling expression patterns observed in macaques. Optical stimulation drove strong, reliable excitatory responses in local neural populations for two depolarizing opsins in anesthetized monkeys. Finally, we observed continued, healthy opsin expression for at least one year. These data suggest that optogenetic tools can be readily applied in squirrel monkeys, an important first step in enabling precise, targeted manipulation of neural circuits in these highly trainable, cognitively sophisticated animals. In conjunction with similar approaches in macaques and marmosets, optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits in squirrel monkeys will provide functional, comparative insights into neural circuits which subserve dextrous motor control as well as other adaptive behaviors across the primate lineage. Additionally, development of these tools in squirrel monkeys, a well-established model system for several human neurological diseases, can aid in identifying novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J O'Shea
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Kalanithi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Werapong Goo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ilka Diester
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otophysiologie, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Matthew T Kaufman
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Stephen I Ryu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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24
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Keeler AM, Sapp E, Chase K, Sottosanti E, Danielson E, Pfister E, Stoica L, DiFiglia M, Aronin N, Sena-Esteves M. Cellular Analysis of Silencing the Huntington's Disease Gene Using AAV9 Mediated Delivery of Artificial Micro RNA into the Striatum of Q140/Q140 Mice. J Huntingtons Dis 2017; 5:239-248. [PMID: 27689620 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-160215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic mutation in Huntington's disease (HD) is a CAG repeat expansion in the coding region of the huntingtin (Htt) gene. RNAi strategies have proven effective in substantially down-regulating Htt mRNA in the striatum through delivery of siRNAs or viral vectors based on whole tissue assays, but the extent of htt mRNA lowering in individual neurons is unknown. OBJECTIVE Here we characterize the effect of an AAV9-GFP-miRHtt vector on Htt mRNA levels in striatal neurons of Q140/Q140 knock-in mice. METHODS HD mice received bilateral striatal injections of AAV9-GFP-miRHtt or AAV9-GFP at 6 or 12 weeks and striata were evaluated at 6 months of age for levels of Htt mRNA and protein and for mRNA signal within striatal neurons using RNAscope multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Compared to controls, the striatum of 6-month old mice treated at 6 or 12 weeks of age with AAV9-GFP-miRHtt showed a reduction of 40-50% in Htt mRNA and lowering of 25-40% in protein levels. The number of Htt mRNA foci in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of untreated Q140/Q140 mice varied widely per cell (0 to 34 per cell), with ∼10% of MSNs devoid of foci. AAV9-GFP-miRHtt treatment shifted the distribution toward lower numbers and the percentage of cells without foci increased to 14-20%. The average number of Htt mRNA foci per MSN was reduced by 43%. CONCLUSIONS The findings here show that intrastriatal infusion of an AAV9-GFP-miRHtt vector lowers mRNA expression of Htt in striatum by ∼50%, through a partial reduction in the number of copies of mutant Htt mRNAs per cell. These findings demonstrate at the neuronal level the variable levels of Htt mRNA expression in MSNs and the neuronal heterogeneity of RNAi dependent Htt mRNA knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Keeler
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Chase
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Emily Sottosanti
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eric Danielson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Edith Pfister
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei Stoica
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Aronin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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25
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Kobayashi K, Inoue KI, Tanabe S, Kato S, Takada M, Kobayashi K. Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors for Retrograde Gene Delivery into Target Brain Regions. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:65. [PMID: 28824385 PMCID: PMC5539090 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer through retrograde axonal transport of viral vectors offers a substantial advantage for analyzing roles of specific neuronal pathways or cell types forming complex neural networks. This genetic approach may also be useful in gene therapy trials by enabling delivery of transgenes into a target brain region distant from the injection site of the vectors. Pseudotyping of a lentiviral vector based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with various fusion envelope glycoproteins composed of different combinations of rabies virus glycoprotein (RV-G) and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) enhances the efficiency of retrograde gene transfer in both rodent and nonhuman primate brains. The most recently developed lentiviral vector is a pseudotype with fusion glycoprotein type E (FuG-E), which demonstrates highly efficient retrograde gene transfer in the brain. The FuG-E–pseudotyped vector permits powerful experimental strategies for more precisely investigating the mechanisms underlying various brain functions. It also contributes to the development of new gene therapy approaches for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, by delivering genes required for survival and protection into specific neuronal populations. In this review article, we report the properties of the FuG-E–pseudotyped vector, and we describe the application of the vector to neural circuit analysis and the potential use of the FuG-E vector in gene therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)Hayama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto UniversityInuyama, Japan
| | - Soshi Tanabe
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto UniversityInuyama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takada
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto UniversityInuyama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushima, Japan
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26
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Samaranch L, Blits B, San Sebastian W, Hadaczek P, Bringas J, Sudhakar V, Macayan M, Pivirotto PJ, Petry H, Bankiewicz KS. MR-guided parenchymal delivery of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5 in non-human primate brain. Gene Ther 2017; 24:253-261. [PMID: 28300083 PMCID: PMC5404203 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to characterize transduction of non-human primate brain and spinal cord with AAV5 viral vector after parenchymal delivery. AAV5-CAG-GFP (1 × 1013 vector genomes per milliliter (vg ml−1)) was bilaterally infused either into putamen, thalamus or with the combination left putamen and right thalamus. Robust expression of GFP was seen throughout infusion sites and also in other distal nuclei. Interestingly, thalamic infusion of AAV5 resulted in the transduction of the entire corticospinal axis, indicating transport of AAV5 over long distances. Regardless of site of injection, AAV5 transduced both neurons and astrocytes equally. Our data demonstrate that AAV5 is a very powerful vector for the central nervous system and has potential for treatment of a wide range of neurological pathologies with cortical, subcortical and/or spinal cord affection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Samaranch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Blits
- Neurobiology, Research and Development, UniQure NV, Amsterdam 1105BA, The Netherlands
| | - W San Sebastian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Hadaczek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Bringas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - V Sudhakar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Macayan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P J Pivirotto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H Petry
- Neurobiology, Research and Development, UniQure NV, Amsterdam 1105BA, The Netherlands
| | - K S Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Galvan A, Caiola MJ, Albaugh DL. Advances in optogenetic and chemogenetic methods to study brain circuits in non-human primates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:547-563. [PMID: 28238201 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the use of opto- and chemogenetics to modulate neuronal activity in research applications has increased exponentially. Both techniques involve the genetic delivery of artificial proteins (opsins or engineered receptors) that are expressed on a selective population of neurons. The firing of these neurons can then be manipulated using light sources (for opsins) or by systemic administration of exogenous compounds (for chemogenetic receptors). Opto- and chemogenetic tools have enabled many important advances in basal ganglia research in rodent models, yet these techniques have faced a slow progress in non-human primate (NHP) research. In this review, we present a summary of the current state of these techniques in NHP research and outline some of the main challenges associated with the use of these genetic-based approaches in monkeys. We also explore cutting-edge developments that will facilitate the use of opto- and chemogenetics in NHPs, and help advance our understanding of basal ganglia circuits in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Galvan
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Michael J Caiola
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Daniel L Albaugh
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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28
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Joshi CR, Labhasetwar V, Ghorpade A. Destination Brain: the Past, Present, and Future of Therapeutic Gene Delivery. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:51-83. [PMID: 28160121 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases and disorders (NDDs) present a significant societal burden and currently available drug- and biological-based therapeutic strategies have proven inadequate to alleviate it. Gene therapy is a suitable alternative to treat NDDs compared to conventional systems since it can be tailored to specifically alter select gene expression, reverse disease phenotype and restore normal function. The scope of gene therapy has broadened over the years with the advent of RNA interference and genome editing technologies. Consequently, encouraging results from central nervous system (CNS)-targeted gene delivery studies have led to their transition from preclinical to clinical trials. As we shift to an exciting gene therapy era, a retrospective of available literature on CNS-associated gene delivery is in order. This review is timely in this regard, since it analyzes key challenges and major findings from the last two decades and evaluates future prospects of brain gene delivery. We emphasize major areas consisting of physiological and pharmacological challenges in gene therapy, function-based selection of a ideal cellular target(s), available therapy modalities, and diversity of viral vectors and nanoparticles as vehicle systems. Further, we present plausible answers to key questions such as strategies to circumvent low blood-brain barrier permeability and most suitable CNS cell types for targeting. We compare and contrast pros and cons of the tested viral vectors in the context of delivery systems used in past and current clinical trials. Gene vector design challenges are also evaluated in the context of cell-specific promoters. Key challenges and findings reported for recent gene therapy clinical trials, assessing viral vectors and nanoparticles are discussed from the perspective of bench to bedside gene therapy translation. We conclude this review by tying together gene delivery challenges, available vehicle systems and comprehensive analyses of neuropathogenesis to outline future prospects of CNS-targeted gene therapies.
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29
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Arguello AA, Richardson BD, Hall JL, Wang R, Hodges MA, Mitchell MP, Stuber GD, Rossi DJ, Fuchs RA. Role of a Lateral Orbital Frontal Cortex-Basolateral Amygdala Circuit in Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:727-735. [PMID: 27534268 PMCID: PMC5240178 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a disease characterized by chronic relapse despite long periods of abstinence. The lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) promote cocaine-seeking behavior in response to drug-associated conditioned stimuli (CS) and share dense reciprocal connections. Hence, we hypothesized that monosynaptic projections between these brain regions mediate CS-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral infusions of a Cre-dependent adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing enhanced halorhodopsin 3.0 fused with a reporter protein (NpHR-mCherry) or a control AAV (mCherry) plus optic fiber implants into the lOFC (Experiment 1) or BLA (Experiment 2). The same rats also received bilateral infusions of a retrogradely transported AAV vector expressing Cre recombinase (Retro-Cre-GFP) into the BLA (Experiment 1) or lOFC (Experiment 2). Thus, NpHR-mCherry or mCherry expression was targeted to lOFC neurons that project to the BLA or to BLA neurons that project to the lOFC in different groups. Rats were trained to lever press for cocaine infusions paired with 5-s CS presentations. Responding was then extinguished. At test, response-contingent CS presentation was discretely coupled with optogenetic inhibition (5-s laser activation) or no optogenetic inhibition while lever responding was assessed without cocaine/food reinforcement. Optogenetic inhibition of lOFC to BLA, but not BLA to lOFC, projections in the NpHR-mCherry groups disrupted CS-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior relative to (i) no optogenetic inhibition or (ii) manipulations in mCherry control or (iii) NpHR-mCherry food control groups. These findings suggest that the lOFC sends requisite input to the BLA, via monosynaptic connections, to promote CS-induced cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Arguello
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ben D Richardson
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jacob L Hall
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Matthew A Hodges
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marshall P Mitchell
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David J Rossi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Rita A Fuchs
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA,Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 647620, Pullman, WA 99164-7620, USA, Tel: +509 335 6164, Fax: +509 335 4650, E-mail:
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30
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Kobayashi K, Kato S, Kobayashi K. Genetic manipulation of specific neural circuits by use of a viral vector system. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:67-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Kasper JM, McCue DL, Milton AJ, Szwed A, Sampson CM, Huang M, Carlton S, Meltzer HY, Cunningham KA, Hommel JD. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acidergic Projections From the Dorsal Raphe to the Nucleus Accumbens Are Regulated by Neuromedin U. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:878-887. [PMID: 27105831 PMCID: PMC5016225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide enriched in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), a brain region associated with reward. While NMU and its receptor, NMU receptor 2 (NMUR2), have been studied for the ability to regulate food reward, NMU has not been studied in the context of drugs of abuse (e.g., cocaine). Furthermore, the neuroanatomical pathways that express NMUR2 and its ultrastructural localization are unknown. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the synaptic localization of NMUR2 in the NAcSh and characterize which neurons express this receptor (n = 17). The functional outcome of NMU on NMUR2 was examined using microdialysis (n = 16). The behavioral effects of NMU microinjection directly to the NAcSh were investigated using cocaine-evoked locomotion (n = 93). The specific effects of NMUR2 knockdown on cocaine-evoked locomotion were evaluated using viral-mediated RNA interference (n = 40). RESULTS NMUR2 is localized to presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acidergic nerve terminals in the NAcSh originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus. Furthermore, NMU microinjection to the NAcSh decreased local gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. Next, we evaluated the effects of NMU microinjection on behavioral sensitization to cocaine. When repeatedly administered throughout the sensitization regimen, NMU attenuated cocaine-evoked hyperactivity. Additionally, small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of presynaptic NMUR2 in the NAcSh using a retrograde viral vector potentiated cocaine sensitization. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data reveal that NMUR2 modulates a novel gamma-aminobutyric acidergic pathway from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the NAcSh to influence behavioral responses to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Kasper
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - David L. McCue
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Adrianna J. Milton
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Angelia Szwed
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Catherine M. Sampson
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Susan Carlton
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Herbert Y. Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Hommel
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA,Correspondence: , Jonathan D. Hommel, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0615
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32
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Powell SK, Khan N, Parker CL, Samulski RJ, Matsushima G, Gray SJ, McCown TJ. Characterization of a novel adeno-associated viral vector with preferential oligodendrocyte tropism. Gene Ther 2016; 23:807-14. [PMID: 27628693 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
No adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid has been described in the literature to exhibit a primary oligodendrocyte tropism when a constitutive promoter drives gene expression, which is a significant barrier for efficient in vivo oligodendrocyte gene transfer. The vast majority of AAV vectors, such as AAV1, 2, 5, 6, 8 or 9, exhibit a dominant neuronal tropism in the central nervous system. However, a novel AAV capsid (Olig001) generated using capsid shuffling and directed evolution was recovered after rat intravenous delivery and subsequent capsid clone rescue, which exhibited a >95% tropism for striatal oligodendrocytes after rat intracranial infusion where a constitutive promoter drove gene expression. Olig001 contains a chimeric mixture of AAV1, 2, 6, 8 and 9, but unlike these parental serotypes after intravenous administration Olig001 has very low affinity for peripheral organs, especially the liver. Furthermore, in mixed glial cell cultures, Olig001 exhibits a 9-fold greater binding when compared with AAV8. This novel oligodendrocyte-preferring AAV vector exhibits characteristics that are a marked departure from previously described AAV serotypes.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J B Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D L Carlisle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - I Munoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Foundation/CHDI Management, Los Angeles, CA, USA. E-mail:
| | - R M Friedlander
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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34
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Hadaczek P, Stanek L, Ciesielska A, Sudhakar V, Samaranch L, Pivirotto P, Bringas J, O'Riordan C, Mastis B, San Sebastian W, Forsayeth J, Cheng SH, Bankiewicz KS, Shihabuddin LS. Widespread AAV1- and AAV2-mediated transgene expression in the nonhuman primate brain: implications for Huntington's disease. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2016; 3:16037. [PMID: 27408903 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a toxic gain-of-function associated with the expression of the mutant huntingtin (htt) protein. Therefore, the use of RNA interference to inhibit Htt expression could represent a disease-modifying therapy. The potential of two recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV), AAV1 and AAV2, to transduce the cortico-striatal tissues that are predominantly affected in HD was explored. Green fluorescent protein was used as a reporter in each vector to show that both serotypes were broadly distributed in medium spiny neurons in the striatum and cortico-striatal neurons after infusion into the putamen and caudate nucleus of nonhuman primates (NHP), with AAV1-directed expression being slightly more robust than AAV2-driven expression. This study suggests that both serotypes are capable of targeting neurons that degenerate in HD, and it sets the stage for the advanced preclinical evaluation of an RNAi-based therapy for this disease.
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35
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MacDougall M, Nummela SU, Coop S, Disney A, Mitchell JF, Miller CT. Optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits in awake marmosets. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:1286-94. [PMID: 27334951 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00197.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has revolutionized the study of functional neuronal circuitry (Boyden ES, Zhang F, Bamberg E, Nagel G, Deisseroth K. Nat Neurosci 8: 1263-1268, 2005; Deisseroth K. Nat Methods 8: 26-29, 2011). Although these techniques have been most successfully implemented in rodent models, they have the potential to be similarly impactful in studies of nonhuman primate brains. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have recently emerged as a candidate primate model for gene editing, providing a potentially powerful model for studies of neural circuitry and disease in primates. The application of viral transduction methods in marmosets for identifying and manipulating neuronal circuitry is a crucial step in developing this species for neuroscience research. In the present study we developed a novel, chronic method to successfully induce rapid photostimulation in individual cortical neurons transduced by adeno-associated virus to express channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in awake marmosets. We found that large proportions of neurons could be effectively photoactivated following viral transduction and that this procedure could be repeated for several months. These data suggest that techniques for viral transduction and optical manipulation of neuronal populations are suitable for marmosets and can be combined with existing behavioral preparations in the species to elucidate the functional neural circuitry underlying perceptual and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew MacDougall
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Samuel U Nummela
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shanna Coop
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anita Disney
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Jude F Mitchell
- Kavli Institute for Brain & Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Cory T Miller
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Kavli Institute for Brain & Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;
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36
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Choudhury SR, Fitzpatrick Z, Harris AF, Maitland SA, Ferreira JS, Zhang Y, Ma S, Sharma RB, Gray-Edwards HL, Johnson JA, Johnson AK, Alonso LC, Punzo C, Wagner KR, Maguire CA, Kotin RM, Martin DR, Sena-Esteves M. In Vivo Selection Yields AAV-B1 Capsid for Central Nervous System and Muscle Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1247-57. [PMID: 27117222 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have shown promise as a platform for gene therapy of neurological disorders. Achieving global gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is key for development of effective therapies for many of these diseases. Here we report the isolation of a novel CNS tropic AAV capsid, AAV-B1, after a single round of in vivo selection from an AAV capsid library. Systemic injection of AAV-B1 vector in adult mice and cat resulted in widespread gene transfer throughout the CNS with transduction of multiple neuronal subpopulations. In addition, AAV-B1 transduces muscle, β-cells, pulmonary alveoli, and retinal vasculature at high efficiency. This vector is more efficient than AAV9 for gene delivery to mouse brain, spinal cord, muscle, pancreas, and lung. Together with reduced sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies in pooled human sera, the broad transduction profile of AAV-B1 represents an important improvement over AAV9 for CNS gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav R Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne F Harris
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacy A Maitland
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer S Ferreira
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shan Ma
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jacob A Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Aime K Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudio Punzo
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn R Wagner
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert M Kotin
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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37
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Klein C, Evrard H, Shapcott K, Haverkamp S, Logothetis N, Schmid M. Cell-Targeted Optogenetics and Electrical Microstimulation Reveal the Primate Koniocellular Projection to Supra-granular Visual Cortex. Neuron 2016; 90:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Green F, Samaranch L, Zhang HS, Manning-Bog A, Meyer K, Forsayeth J, Bankiewicz KS. Axonal transport of AAV9 in nonhuman primate brain. Gene Ther 2016; 23:520-6. [PMID: 26953486 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A pilot study in nonhuman primates was conducted, in which two Rhesus macaques received bilateral parenchymal infusions of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding green fluorescent protein (AAV9-GFP) into each putamen. The post-surgical in-life was restricted to 3 weeks in order to minimize immunotoxicity expected to arise from expression of GFP in antigen-presenting cells. Three main findings emerged from this work. First, the volume over which AAV9 expression was distributed (Ve) was substantially greater than the volume of distribution of MRI signal (Vd). This stands in contrast with Ve/Vd ratio of rAAV2, which is lower under similar conditions. Second, post-mortem analysis revealed expression of GFP in thalamic and cortical neurons as well as dopaminergic neurons projecting from substantia nigra pars compacta, indicating retrograde transport of AAV9. However, fibers in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, a region that receives projections from putamen, also stained for GFP, indicating anterograde transport of AAV9 as well. Finally, one hemisphere received a 10-fold lower dose of vector compared with the contralateral hemisphere (1.5 × 10(13) vg ml(-1)) and we observed a much stronger dose effect on anterograde-linked than on retrograde-linked structures. These data suggest that AAV9 can be axonally transported bi-directionally in the primate brain. This has obvious implications to the clinical developing of therapies for neurological disorders like Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases.
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39
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Bankiewicz KS, Sudhakar V, Samaranch L, San Sebastian W, Bringas J, Forsayeth J. AAV viral vector delivery to the brain by shape-conforming MR-guided infusions. J Control Release 2016; 240:434-442. [PMID: 26924352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer technology offers great promise as a potential therapeutic approach to the brain but has to be viewed as a very complex technology. Success of ongoing clinical gene therapy trials depends on many factors such as selection of the correct genetic and anatomical target in the brain. In addition, selection of the viral vector capable of transfer of therapeutic gene into target cells, along with long-term expression that avoids immunotoxicity has to be established. As with any drug development strategy, delivery of gene therapy has to be consistent and predictable in each study subject. Failed drug and vector delivery will lead to failed clinical trials. In this article, we describe our experience with AAV viral vector delivery system, that allows us to optimize and monitor in real time viral vector administration into affected regions of the brain. In addition to discussing MRI-guided technology for administration of AAV vectors we have developed and now employ in current clinical trials, we also describe ways in which infusion cannula design and stereotactic trajectory may be used to maximize the anatomical coverage by using fluid backflow. This innovative approach enables more precise coverage by fitting the shape of the infusion to the shape of the anatomical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystof S Bankiewicz
- Interventional Neuro Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
| | - Vivek Sudhakar
- Interventional Neuro Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Lluis Samaranch
- Interventional Neuro Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Waldy San Sebastian
- Interventional Neuro Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - John Bringas
- Interventional Neuro Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - John Forsayeth
- Interventional Neuro Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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40
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Bankiewicz K, Sebastian WS, Samaranch L, Forsayeth J. GDNF and AADC Gene Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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41
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Choudhury SR, Harris AF, Cabral DJ, Keeler AM, Sapp E, Ferreira JS, Gray-Edwards HL, Johnson JA, Johnson AK, Su Q, Stoica L, DiFiglia M, Aronin N, Martin DR, Gao G, Sena-Esteves M. Widespread Central Nervous System Gene Transfer and Silencing After Systemic Delivery of Novel AAV-AS Vector. Mol Ther 2016; 24:726-35. [PMID: 26708003 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is vital for development of novel gene therapies for neurological diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have emerged as an effective platform for in vivo gene transfer, but overall neuronal transduction efficiency of vectors derived from naturally occurring AAV capsids after systemic administration is relatively low. Here, we investigated the possibility of improving CNS transduction of existing AAV capsids by genetically fusing peptides to the N-terminus of VP2 capsid protein. A novel vector AAV-AS, generated by the insertion of a poly-alanine peptide, is capable of extensive gene transfer throughout the CNS after systemic administration in adult mice. AAV-AS is 6- and 15-fold more efficient than AAV9 in spinal cord and cerebrum, respectively. The neuronal transduction profile varies across brain regions but is particularly high in the striatum where AAV-AS transduces 36% of striatal neurons. Widespread neuronal gene transfer was also documented in cat brain and spinal cord. A single intravenous injection of an AAV-AS vector encoding an artificial microRNA targeting huntingtin (Htt) resulted in 33-50% knockdown of Htt across multiple CNS structures in adult mice. This novel AAV-AS vector is a promising platform to develop new gene therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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42
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Oguchi M, Okajima M, Tanaka S, Koizumi M, Kikusui T, Ichihara N, Kato S, Kobayashi K, Sakagami M. Double Virus Vector Infection to the Prefrontal Network of the Macaque Brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132825. [PMID: 26193102 PMCID: PMC4507872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To precisely understand how higher cognitive functions are implemented in the prefrontal network of the brain, optogenetic and pharmacogenetic methods to manipulate the signal transmission of a specific neural pathway are required. The application of these methods, however, has been mostly restricted to animals other than the primate, which is the best animal model to investigate higher cognitive functions. In this study, we used a double viral vector infection method in the prefrontal network of the macaque brain. This enabled us to express specific constructs into specific neurons that constitute a target pathway without use of germline genetic manipulation. The double-infection technique utilizes two different virus vectors in two monosynaptically connected areas. One is a vector which can locally infect cell bodies of projection neurons (local vector) and the other can retrogradely infect from axon terminals of the same projection neurons (retrograde vector). The retrograde vector incorporates the sequence which encodes Cre recombinase and the local vector incorporates the "Cre-On" FLEX double-floxed sequence in which a reporter protein (mCherry) was encoded. mCherry thus came to be expressed only in doubly infected projection neurons with these vectors. We applied this method to two macaque monkeys and targeted two different pathways in the prefrontal network: The pathway from the lateral prefrontal cortex to the caudate nucleus and the pathway from the lateral prefrontal cortex to the frontal eye field. As a result, mCherry-positive cells were observed in the lateral prefrontal cortex in all of the four injected hemispheres, indicating that the double virus vector transfection is workable in the prefrontal network of the macaque brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineki Oguchi
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Okajima
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Koizumi
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobutsune Ichihara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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43
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Gerits A, Vancraeyenest P, Vreysen S, Laramée ME, Michiels A, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Moons L, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V, Arckens L, Vanduffel W. Serotype-dependent transduction efficiencies of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors in monkey neocortex. Neurophotonics 2015; 2:031209. [PMID: 26839901 PMCID: PMC4729112 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.3.031209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral vector-mediated expression of genes (e.g., coding for opsins and designer receptors) has grown increasingly popular. Cell-type specific expression is achieved by altering viral vector tropism through crosspackaging or by cell-specific promoters driving gene expression. Detailed information about transduction properties of most recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) serotypes in macaque cortex is gradually becoming available. Here, we compare transduction efficiencies and expression patterns of reporter genes in two macaque neocortical areas employing different rAAV serotypes and promoters. A short version of the calmodulin-kinase-II (CaMKIIα0.4) promoter resulted in reporter gene expression in cortical neurons for all tested rAAVs, albeit with different efficiencies for spread: rAAV2/5>>rAAV2/7>rAAV2/8>rAAV2/9>>rAAV2/1 and proportion of transduced cells: rAAV2/1>rAAV2/5>rAAV2/7=rAAV2/9>rAAV2/8. In contrast to rodent studies, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter appeared least efficient in macaque cortex. The human synapsin-1 promoter preceded by the CMV enhancer (enhSyn1) produced homogeneous reporter gene expression across all layers, while two variants of the CaMKIIα promoter resulted in different laminar transduction patterns and cell specificities. Finally, differences in expression patterns were observed when the same viral vector was injected in two neocortical areas. Our results corroborate previous findings that reporter-gene expression patterns and efficiency of rAAV transduction depend on serotype, promoter, cortical layer, and area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Gerits
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, O&N2 Herestraat 49 bus 10.21, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascaline Vancraeyenest
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, O&N2 Herestraat 49 bus 10.21, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samme Vreysen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Eve Laramée
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Michiels
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 61, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, O&N2 Herestraat 49 bus 10.21, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 13th street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 13th street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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44
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Murlidharan G, Samulski RJ, Asokan A. Biology of adeno-associated viral vectors in the central nervous system. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:76. [PMID: 25285067 PMCID: PMC4168676 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating a spectrum of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering corrective genes to the central nervous system (CNS). In particular, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged as promising tools for clinical gene transfer in a broad range of genetic disorders with neurological manifestations. In the current review, we have attempted to bridge our understanding of the biology of different AAV strains with their transduction profiles, cellular tropisms, and transport mechanisms within the CNS. Continued efforts to dissect AAV-host interactions within the brain are likely to aid in the development of improved vectors for CNS-directed gene transfer applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhar Murlidharan
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Gene Therapy Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard J Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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45
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Salegio EA, Streeter H, Dube N, Hadaczek P, Samaranch L, Kells AP, San Sebastian W, Zhai Y, Bringas J, Xu T, Forsayeth J, Bankiewicz KS. Distribution of nanoparticles throughout the cerebral cortex of rodents and non-human primates: Implications for gene and drug therapy. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:9. [PMID: 24672434 PMCID: PMC3956368 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When nanoparticles/proteins are infused into the brain, they are often transported to distal sites in a manner that is dependent both on the characteristics of the infusate and the region targeted. We have previously shown that adeno-associated virus (AAV) is disseminated within the brain by perivascular flow and also by axonal transport. Perivascular distribution usually does not depend strongly on the nature of the infusate. Many proteins, neutral liposomes and AAV particles distribute equally well by this route when infused under pressure into various parenchymal locations. In contrast, axonal transport requires receptor-mediated uptake of AAV by neurons and engagement with specific transport mechanisms previously demonstrated for other neurotropic viruses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represents yet another way in which brain anatomy may be exploited to distribute nanoparticles broadly in the central nervous system. In this study, we assessed the distribution and perivascular transport of nanoparticles of different sizes delivered into the parenchyma of rodents and CSF in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto A Salegio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hillary Streeter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Dube
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Piotr Hadaczek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lluis Samaranch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adrian P Kells
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Waldy San Sebastian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuying Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Bringas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John Forsayeth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Krystof S Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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46
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Iyer SM, Montgomery KL, Towne C, Lee SY, Ramakrishnan C, Deisseroth K, Delp SL. Virally mediated optogenetic excitation and inhibition of pain in freely moving nontransgenic mice. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:274-8. [PMID: 24531797 PMCID: PMC3988230 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary nociceptors are the first neurons involved in the complex processing system that regulates normal and pathological pain1. Our ability to excite and inhibit these neurons has been limited by pharmacological and electrical stimulation constraints; non-invasive excitation and inhibition of these neurons in freely moving non-transgenic animals has not been possible. Here we use an optogenetic2 strategy to bidirectionally control nociceptors of non-transgenic mice. Intra-sciatic nerve injection of adeno-associated viruses encoding an excitatory opsin enabled light-inducible stimulation of acute pain, place aversion, and optogenetically mediated reductions in withdrawal thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli. In contrast, viral delivery of an inhibitory opsin enabled light-inducible inhibition of acute pain perception, and reversed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a model of neuropathic pain. Light was delivered transdermally enabling these behaviors to be induced in freely moving animals. This approach may have utility in basic and translational pain research, and enable rapid drug screening and testing of newly engineered opsins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrivats Mohan Iyer
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2]
| | - Kate L Montgomery
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2]
| | - Chris Towne
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott L Delp
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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