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Shohan M, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Iranparast S, Nashibi R, Abolnezhadian F, Yousefi F, Alavi SM, Cheraghian B, Khodadadi A. The Effects of Convalescent Plasma Transfusion on Serum Levels of Macrophage-Associated Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Severe COVID-19. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024. [PMID: 38738802 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As an antibody-based therapy, plasma therapy has been used as an emergency therapeutic strategy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infection. Due to the critical role of macrophages in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-associated hyperinflammation, the main objective of this study was to assess the effect of plasma transfusion on the expression levels of the inflammatory biomarkers involved in activation and pulmonary infiltration of macrophages. The target population included 50 severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were randomly assigned into 2 groups, including intervention and control. Serum levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to assess the relative expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB1, NF-κB2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF-2), and thioredoxin-interacting protein genes. Sampling was done at baseline and 72 h after receiving plasma. The intervention group demonstrated significantly lower serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL-3. In addition, real-time PCR data analyses showed that the relative expression of NF-κB2 was significantly declined in the patients who received plasma. The use of convalescent plasma probably has a significant inhibitory effect on the cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory genes related to macrophage activation, which are closely associated with the worsening of clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shohan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Sara Iranparast
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roohangiz Nashibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar children's hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farid Yousefi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Alavi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cancer, Petroleum, and Environmental pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Sievers BL, Cheng MTK, Csiba K, Meng B, Gupta RK. SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the "goldilocks". Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:171-183. [PMID: 37985854 PMCID: PMC10805730 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that can be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus of intense research, and the role of the innate immune system has received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2 employs to evade innate defense systems. We also consider the role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and in the phenomenon of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark T K Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kata Csiba
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Zhang J, Cruz-Cosme R, Zhang C, Liu D, Tang Q, Zhao RY. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a elicits heightened cytopathic effects despite robust ER-associated degradation. mBio 2024; 15:e0303023. [PMID: 38078754 PMCID: PMC10790703 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03030-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has tragically claimed millions of lives through coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and there remains a critical gap in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for the associated fatality. One key viral factor of interest is the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein, which has been identified as a potent inducer of host cellular proinflammatory responses capable of triggering the catastrophic cytokine storm, a primary contributor to COVID-19-related deaths. Moreover, ORF3a, much like the spike protein, exhibits a propensity for frequent mutations, with certain variants linked to the severity of COVID-19. Our previous research unveiled two distinct types of ORF3a mutant proteins, categorized by their subcellular localizations, setting the stage for a comparative investigation into the functional and mechanistic disparities between these two types of ORF3a variants. Given the clinical significance and functional implications of the natural ORF3a mutations, the findings of this study promise to provide invaluable insights into the potential roles undertaken by these mutant ORF3a proteins in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth Cruz-Cosme
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Research & Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Zhang J, Hom K, Zhang C, Nasr M, Gerzanich V, Zhang Y, Tang Q, Xue F, Simard JM, Zhao RY. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Protein as a Therapeutic Target against COVID-19 and Long-Term Post-Infection Effects. Pathogens 2024; 13:75. [PMID: 38251382 PMCID: PMC10819734 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed unparalleled challenges due to its rapid transmission, ability to mutate, high mortality and morbidity, and enduring health complications. Vaccines have exhibited effectiveness, but their efficacy diminishes over time while new variants continue to emerge. Antiviral medications offer a viable alternative, but their success has been inconsistent. Therefore, there remains an ongoing need to identify innovative antiviral drugs for treating COVID-19 and its post-infection complications. The ORF3a (open reading frame 3a) protein found in SARS-CoV-2, represents a promising target for antiviral treatment due to its multifaceted role in viral pathogenesis, cytokine storms, disease severity, and mortality. ORF3a contributes significantly to viral pathogenesis by facilitating viral assembly and release, essential processes in the viral life cycle, while also suppressing the body's antiviral responses, thus aiding viral replication. ORF3a also has been implicated in triggering excessive inflammation, characterized by NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death and tissue damage in the lungs, kidneys, and the central nervous system. Additionally, ORF3a triggers the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, inciting a cytokine storm, which is a major contributor to the severity of the disease and subsequent mortality. As with the spike protein, ORF3a also undergoes mutations, and certain mutant variants correlate with heightened disease severity in COVID-19. These mutations may influence viral replication and host cellular inflammatory responses. While establishing a direct link between ORF3a and mortality is difficult, its involvement in promoting inflammation and exacerbating disease severity likely contributes to higher mortality rates in severe COVID-19 cases. This review offers a comprehensive and detailed exploration of ORF3a's potential as an innovative antiviral drug target. Additionally, we outline potential strategies for discovering and developing ORF3a inhibitor drugs to counteract its harmful effects, alleviate tissue damage, and reduce the severity of COVID-19 and its lingering complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Kellie Hom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Drug Development and Clinical Sciences Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (V.G.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Yanjin Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.H.); (F.X.)
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (V.G.); (J.M.S.)
- Research & Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Research & Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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5
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Xiao C, Cao S, Li Y, Luo Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Bai Q, Chen L. Pyroptosis in microbial infectious diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:42. [PMID: 38158461 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a gasdermins-mediated programmed cell death that plays an essential role in immune regulation, and its role in autoimmune disease and cancer has been studied extensively. Increasing evidence shows that various microbial infections can lead to pyroptosis, associated with the occurrence and development of microbial infectious diseases. This study reviews the recent advances in pyroptosis in microbial infection, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies for treating microbial infection-related diseases by targeting pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xiao
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Saihong Cao
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Yiyang Medical College, School of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Yiyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuchen Luo
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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6
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Riegler AN, Benson P, Long K, Leal SM. Differential activation of programmed cell death in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:420. [PMID: 37985756 PMCID: PMC10662024 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe lower airway disease and death in a subset of patients. Knowledge on the relative contribution of programmed cell death (PCD) to lung pathology is limited to few human autopsy studies with small sample size/scope, in vitro cell culture, and experimental model systems. In this study, we sought to identify, localize, and quantify activation of apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in FFPE lung tissues from patients that died from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 28) relative to uninfected controls (n = 13). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining, whole-slide imaging, and Image J software was used to localize and quantify expression of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and the following PCD protein markers: cleaved Caspase-3, pMLKL, cleaved Gasdermin D, and CD71, respectively. IF showed differential activation of each PCD pathway in infected lungs and dichotomous staining for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein enabling distinction between high (n = 9) vs low viral burden (n = 19). No differences were observed in apoptosis and ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs relative to uninfected controls. However, both pyroptosis and necroptosis were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs. Increased pyroptosis was observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs, irrespective of viral burden, suggesting an inflammation-driven mechanism. In contrast, necroptosis exhibited a very strong positive correlation with viral burden (R2 = 0.9925), suggesting a direct SARS-CoV-2 mediated effect. These data indicate a possible novel mechanism for viral-mediated necroptosis and a potential role for both lytic programmed cell death pathways, necroptosis and pyroptosis, in mediating infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh N Riegler
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul Benson
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kenneth Long
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sixto M Leal
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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7
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Felkle D, Zięba K, Kaleta K, Czaja J, Zyzdorf A, Sobocińska W, Jarczyński M, Bryniarski K, Nazimek K. Overreactive macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 infection: The effects of ACEI. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110858. [PMID: 37708705 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Among various factors influencing the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, macrophage overactivation is considered the main cause of the cytokine storm that leads to severe complications of COVID-19. Moreover, the increased expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an obligatory entry receptor of the coronavirus, caused by treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEI) lowered overall confidence in the safety of these drugs. However, analysis of the course of coronavirus infection in patients treated with ACEI does not support these concerns. Instead, the beneficial effect of ACEI on macrophages has increasingly been emphasized. This includes their anti-inflammatory activation and the consequent reduction in the risk of severe disease and life-threatening complications. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge and understanding of the dual role of macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a special focus on the postulated mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of macrophage targeting by ACEI. These seem to involve the stimulation of macrophage angiotensin II type 2 and Mas receptors by angiotensin 1-7, intensively produced due to the up-regulation of ACE2 expression on macrophages, as well as the direct inhibition of macrophage hyper-responsiveness by ACEI. The impact of ACEI on macrophages may also lead to the activation of an effective antiviral response due to the increased expression of ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Felkle
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zięba
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Kaleta
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Czaja
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Amanda Zyzdorf
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Sobocińska
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jarczyński
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.
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Lücke J, Heinrich F, Malsy J, Meins N, Schnell J, Böttcher M, Nawrocki M, Zhang T, Bertram F, Sabihi M, Kempski J, Blankenburg T, Duprée A, Reeh M, Wolter S, Mann O, Izbicki JR, Lohse AW, Gagliani N, Lütgehetmann M, Bunders MJ, Altfeld M, Sauter G, Giannou AD, Krasemann S, Ondruschka B, Huber S. Intestinal IL-1β Plays a Role in Protecting against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Immunol 2023; 211:1052-1061. [PMID: 37556130 PMCID: PMC10476162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is constantly balancing the maintenance of a homeostatic microbiome and the protection of the host against pathogens such as viruses. Many cytokines mediate protective inflammatory responses in the intestine, among them IL-1β. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine typically activated upon specific danger signals sensed by the inflammasome. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting multiple organs, including the intestinal tract. Severe cases of COVID-19 were shown to be associated with a dysregulated immune response, and blocking of proinflammatory pathways was demonstrated to improve patient survival. Indeed, anakinra, an Ab against the receptor of IL-1β, has recently been approved to treat patients with severe COVID-19. However, the role of IL-1β during intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection has not yet been investigated. Here, we analyzed postmortem intestinal and blood samples from patients who died of COVID-19. We demonstrated that high levels of intestinal IL-1β were associated with longer survival time and lower intestinal SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads. Concurrently, type I IFN expression positively correlated with IL-1β levels in the intestine. Using human intestinal organoids, we showed that autocrine IL-1β sustains RNA expression of IFN type I by the intestinal epithelial layer. These results outline a previously unrecognized key role of intestinal IL-1β during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heinrich
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Malsy
- I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lubeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Nicholas Meins
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josa Schnell
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Böttcher
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Nawrocki
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Bertram
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Morsal Sabihi
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kempski
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tom Blankenburg
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Duprée
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolter
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine J. Bunders
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D. Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Potere N, Garrad E, Kanthi Y, Di Nisio M, Kaplanski G, Bonaventura A, Connors JM, De Caterina R, Abbate A. NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1 contributions to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and immunothrombosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2046-2060. [PMID: 37253117 PMCID: PMC10893977 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunothrombosis-immune-mediated activation of coagulation-is protective against pathogens, but excessive immunothrombosis can result in pathological thrombosis and multiorgan damage, as in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome produces major proinflammatory cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-1β and IL-18, and induces pyroptotic cell death. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway also promotes immunothrombotic programs including release of neutrophil extracellular traps and tissue factor by leukocytes, and prothrombotic responses by platelets and the vascular endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome activation occurs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In preclinical models, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway blockade restrains COVID-19-like hyperinflammation and pathology. Anakinra, recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, showed safety and efficacy and is approved for the treatment of hypoxaemic COVID-19 patients with early signs of hyperinflammation. The non-selective NLRP3 inhibitor colchicine reduced hospitalization and death in a subgroup of COVID-19 outpatients but is not approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Additional COVID-19 trials testing NLRP3 inflammasome pathway blockers are inconclusive or ongoing. We herein outline the contribution of immunothrombosis to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, and review preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting an engagement of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the immunothrombotic pathogenesis of COVID-19. We also summarize current efforts to target the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in COVID-19, and discuss challenges, unmet gaps, and the therapeutic potential that inflammasome-targeted strategies may provide for inflammation-driven thrombotic disorders including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Potere
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Evan Garrad
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, Marseille, France
- Division of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Jean Marie Connors
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- University Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- Chair and Postgraduate School of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città Sant’Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd (MR5), PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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10
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed necrotic cell death executed by gasdermins, a family of pore-forming proteins. The cleavage of gasdermins by specific proteases enables their pore-forming activity. The activation of the prototype member of the gasdermin family, gasdermin D (GSDMD), is linked to innate immune monitoring by inflammasomes. Additional gasdermins such as GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDME are activated by inflammasome-independent mechanisms. Pyroptosis is emerging as a key host defense strategy against pathogens. However, excessive pyroptosis causes cytokine storm and detrimental inflammation leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Consequently, dysregulated pyroptotic responses contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including sepsis, atherosclerosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will discuss the inflammatory consequences of pyroptosis and the mechanisms of pyroptosis-induced tissue damage and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy O Vasudevan
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The family of gasdermin proteins plays a key role in the host response against external and internal pathogenic signals by mediating the form of inflammatory regulated cell death known as pyroptosis. One of the most well-studied gasdermins within innate immunity is gasdermin D, which is cleaved, oligomerizes, and forms plasma membrane pores. Gasdermin D pores lead to a number of downstream cellular consequences including plasma membrane rupture, or cell lysis. In this review, we describe mechanisms of activation for each of the gasdermins, their cell type specificity and some disease associations. We then discuss downstream consequences of gasdermin pore formation, including cellular mechanisms of membrane repair. Finally, we present some important next steps to better understand pyroptosis and the cellular consequences of gasdermin pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna C Huston
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marisa J Anderson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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12
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Yong KSM, Anderson DE, Zheng AKE, Liu M, Tan SY, Tan WWS, Chen Q, Wang LF. Comparison of infection and human immune responses of two SARS-CoV-2 strains in a humanized hACE2 NIKO mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12484. [PMID: 37528224 PMCID: PMC10394059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has sickened millions, cost lives and has devastated the global economy. Various animal models for experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2 have played a key role in many aspects of COVID-19 research. Here, we describe a humanized hACE2 (adenovirus expressing hACE2) NOD-SCID IL2Rγ-/- (NIKO) mouse model and compare infection with ancestral and mutant (SARS-CoV-2-∆382) strains of SARS-CoV-2. Immune cell infiltration, inflammation, lung damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was observed in humanized hACE2 NIKO mice. Humanized hACE2 NIKO mice infected with the ancestral and mutant SARS-CoV-2 strain had lung inflammation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This model can aid in examining the pathological basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human immune environment and evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Su Mei Yong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Danielle E Anderson
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Kang Eng Zheng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wei Sheng Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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Kwon KW, Kim JW, Moon S, Yoon JH, Youn SH, Hyun SH, Kim HG, Kweon DH, Cho JY. Korean Red Ginseng Relieves Inflammation and Modulates Immune Response Induced by Pseudo-Type SARS-CoV-2. Am J Chin Med 2023; 51:1361-1384. [PMID: 37489113 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the positive effects of KRG on other viruses have been reported and the effects of KRG on pulmonary inflammatory diseases have also been studied. Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of KRG-water extract (KRG-WE) in a pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 (PSV)-induced lung injury model. Constructing the pseudovirus, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice were infected via intranasal injection that had been orally administered with KRG-WE for six weeks. After 7-days post infection (dpi), the antiviral effects of KRG-WE were confirmed, followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). KRG-WE significantly inhibited an increase in immunoglobulin caused by PSV. Furthermore, KRG-WE effectively suppressed alveolar macrophages (AMs) inside the lungs and helped normalize the population of other immune cells. In addition, virus-induced gene expression and inflammatory signals such as nuclear factor-kappa B and other upstream molecules were downregulated. Moreover, KRG-WE also normalized gene expression and protein activity in the spleen. In conclusion, KRG-WE reduced AMs, normalized the immune response, and decreased the expression of inflammatory genes and activation of signaling pathway phosphorylation, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects and attenuating lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Woong Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokoh Moon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Youn
- Laboratory of Natural Products Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30 Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hyun
- Laboratory of Natural Products Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30 Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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14
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Sansoè G, Aragno M. New Viral Diseases and New Possible Remedies by Means of the Pharmacology of the Renin-Angiotensin System. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2023; 2023:3362391. [PMID: 37476705 PMCID: PMC10356449 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3362391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All strains of SARS-CoV-2, as well as previously described SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, bind to ACE2, the cell membrane receptor of β-coronaviruses. Monocarboxypeptidase ACE2 activity stops upon viral entry into cells, leading to inadequate tissue production of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7). Acute lung injury due to the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) or avian influenza A H7N9 and H5N1 viruses is also characterized by significant downregulation of lung ACE2 and increased systemic levels of angiotensin II (Ang II). Restoration of Ang1-7 anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, vasodilating, and natriuretic properties was attempted at least in some COVID-19 patients through i.v. infusion of recombinant human ACE2 or intranasal administration of the modified ACE2 protein, with inconsistent clinical results. Conversely, use of ACE inhibitors (ACEis), which increase ACE2 cell expression, seemed to improve the prognosis of hypertensive patients with COVID-19. To restore Ang1-7 tissue levels in all these viral diseases and avoid the untoward effects frequently seen with ACE2 systemic administration, a different strategy may be hypothesized. Experimentally, when metallopeptidase inhibitors block ACE2, neprilysin (NEP), highly expressed in higher and lower airways, starts cleaving angiotensin I (Ang I) into Ang1-7. We suggest a discerning use of ACEis in normohypertensive patients with β-coronavirus disease as well as in atypical pneumonia caused by avian influenza viruses or hRSV to block the main ACE-dependent effects: Ang II synthesis and Ang1-7 degradation into angiotensin 1-5. At the same time, i.v.-infused Ang I, which is not hypertensive provided ACE is inhibited, may become the primary substrate for local Ang1-7 synthesis via ubiquitous NEP; i.e., NEP could replace inadequate ACE2 function if Ang I was freely available. Moreover, inhibitors of chymase, a serine endopeptidase responsible for 80% of Ang II-forming activity in tissues and vessel walls, could protect patients with atypical pneumonia from Ang II-mediated microvascular damage without reducing arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sansoè
- Gastroenterology Unit, Humanitas Institute, Gradenigo Hospital, Corso Regina Margherita 10, 10153 Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Riegler A, Benson P, Long K, Leal S. Differential Activation of Programmed Cell Death in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3059466. [PMID: 37461686 PMCID: PMC10350212 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3059466/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2) causes severe lower airway disease and death in a subset of patients. Knowledge on the relative contribution of programmed cell death (PCD) to lung pathology is limited to few human autopsy studies with small sample size/scope, in vitro cell culture, and experimental model systems. In this study, we sought to identify, localize, and quantify activation of apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in FFPE lung tissues from patients that died from severe SARS-2 infection (n=28) relative to uninfected controls (n=13). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining, whole-slide imaging, and Image J software was used to localize and quantify expression of SARS-2 nucleoprotein and the following PCD protein markers: cleaved Caspase-3, pMLKL, cleaved Gasdermin D, and CD71, respectively. IF showed differential activation of each PCD pathway in SARS-2 infected lungs and dichotomous staining for SARS-2 nucleoprotein enabling distinction between high (n=9) vs low viral burden (n= 19). No differences were observed in apoptosis and ferroptosis in SARS-2 infected lungs relative to uninfected controls. However, both pyroptosis and necroptosis were significantly increased in SARS-2 infected lungs. Increased pyroptosis was observed in SARS-2 infected lungs, irrespective of viral burden, suggesting an inflammation-driven mechanism. In contrast, necroptosis exhibited a very strong positive correlation with viral burden (R2=0.9925), suggesting a direct SARS-2 mediated effect. These data indicate a possible novel mechanism for viral-mediated necroptosis and a potential role for both lytic programmed cell death pathways, necroptosis and pyroptosis, in mediating infection outcome.
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16
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Wei WC, Tsai KC, Liaw CC, Chiou CT, Tseng YH, Liao GY, Lin YC, Chiou WF, Liou KT, Yu IS, Shen YC, Su YC. NRICM101 ameliorates SARS-CoV-2-S1-induced pulmonary injury in K18-hACE2 mice model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125414. [PMID: 37416063 PMCID: PMC10320700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to represent a challenge for public health globally since transmission of different variants of the virus does not seem to be effectively affected by the current treatments and vaccines. During COVID-19 the outbreak in Taiwan, the patients with mild symptoms were improved after the treatment with NRICM101, a traditional Chinese medicine formula developed by our institute. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of action of NRICM101 on improval of COVID-19-induced pulmonary injury using S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) of hACE2 transgenic mice. The S1 protein induced significant pulmonary injury with the hallmarks of DAD (strong exudation, interstitial and intra-alveolar edema, hyaline membranes, abnormal pneumocyte apoptosis, strong leukocyte infiltration, and cytokine production). NRICM101 effectively reduced all of these hallmarks. We then used next-generation sequencing assays to identify 193 genes that were differentially expressed in the S1+NRICM101 group. Of these, three (Ddit4, Ikbke, Tnfaip3) were significantly represented in the top 30 enriched downregulated gene ontology (GO) terms in the S1+NRICM101 group versus the S1+saline group. These terms included the innate immune response, pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. We found that NRICM101 disrupted the interaction of the spike protein of various SARS-CoV-2 variants with the human ACE2 receptor. It also suppressed the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1β, IP-10, and MIP-1α in alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. We conclude that NRICM101 effectively protects against SARS-CoV-2-S1-induced pulmonary injury via modulation of the innate immune response, pattern recognition receptor, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways to ameliorate DAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Wei
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hwei Tseng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Geng-You Liao
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fei Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tong Liou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Su
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Yang L, Liu T, Zhuo Y, Li D, Li D, Liu J, Gao H, Zhang L, Lin J, Wang X. Verbenalin alleviates acute lung injury induced by sepsis and IgG immune complex through GPR18 receptor. Cell Signal 2023:110768. [PMID: 37315751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is significantly associated with the aberrant activation and pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages. Targeting the GPR18 receptor presents a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate inflammation. Verbenalin, a prominent component of Verbena in Xuanfeibaidu (XFBD) granules, is recommended for treating COVID-19. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutic effect of verbenalin on lung injury through direct binding to the GPR18 receptor. Verbenalin inhibits the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IgG immune complex (IgG IC) via GPR18 receptor activation. The structural basis for verbenalin's effect on GPR18 activation is elucidated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we establish that IgG IC induces macrophage pyroptosis by upregulating the expression of GSDME and GSDMD through CEBP-δ activation, while verbenalin inhibits this process. Additionally, we provide the first evidence that IgG IC promotes the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and verbenalin suppresses NETs formation. Collectively, our findings indicate that verbenalin functions as a "phytoresolvin" to promote inflammation regression and suggests that targeting the C/EBP-δ/GSDMD/GSDME axis to inhibit macrophage pyroptosis may represent a novel strategy for treating acute lung injury and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hejun Gao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianping Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ximo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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18
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Dai Z, Liu WC, Chen XY, Wang X, Li JL, Zhang X. Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis: mechanisms, diseases, and inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178662. [PMID: 37275856 PMCID: PMC10232970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and downstream inflammation are important self-protection mechanisms against stimuli and infections. Hosts can defend against intracellular bacterial infections by inducing cell pyroptosis, which triggers the clearance of pathogens. However, pyroptosis is a double-edged sword. Numerous studies have revealed the relationship between abnormal GSDMD activation and various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), neurodegenerative diseases, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and malignant tumors. GSDMD, a key pyroptosis-executing protein, is linked to inflammatory signal transduction, activation of various inflammasomes, and the release of downstream inflammatory cytokines. Thus, inhibiting GSDMD activation is considered an effective strategy for treating related inflammatory diseases. The study of the mechanism of GSDMD activation, the formation of GSDMD membrane pores, and the regulatory strategy of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis is currently a hot topic. Moreover, studies of the structure of caspase-GSDMD complexes and more in-depth molecular mechanisms provide multiple strategies for the development of GSDMD inhibitors. This review will mainly discuss the structures of GSDMD and GSDMD pores, activation pathways, GSDMD-mediated diseases, and the development of GSDMD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dai
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Cong Liu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Kuo CW, Su PL, Huang TH, Lin CC, Chen CW, Tsai JS, Liao XM, Chan TY, Shieh CC. Cigarette smoke increases susceptibility of alveolar macrophages to SARS-CoV-2 infection through inducing reactive oxygen species-upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7894. [PMID: 37193781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the drivers of pulmonary cytokine storm in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to investigate clinical-regulatory factors for the entrance protein of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in AMs. Human AMs were collected from 56 patients using bronchoalveolar lavage. ACE2 expression in AMs was positively correlated with smoking pack-year (Spearman's r = 0.347, P = 0.038). In multivariate analysis, current smoking was associated with increased ACE2 in AMs (β-coefficient: 0.791, 95% CI 0.019-1.562, P = 0.045). In vitro study, ex-vivo human AMs with higher ACE2 were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (CoV-2 PsV). Treating human AMs using cigarette smoking extract (CSE) increases the ACE2 and susceptibility to CoV-2 PsV. CSE did not significantly increase the ACE2 in AMs of reactive oxygen species (ROS) deficient Cybb-/- mice; however, exogenous ROS increased the ACE2 in Cybb-/- AMs. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreases ACE2 by suppressing intracellular ROS in human AMs. In conclusion, cigarette smoking increases the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 by increasing ROS-induced ACE2 expression of AMs. Further investigation into the preventive effect of NAC on the pulmonary complications of COVID-19 is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lan Su
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Hsiu Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Wei Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiuan Tsai
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Min Liao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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20
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Zhao Z, Xu LD, Zhang F, Liang QZ, Jiao Y, Shi FS, He B, Xu P, Huang YW. Heat shock protein 90 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 structural protein-mediated virion assembly and promotes virus-induced pyroptosis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104668. [PMID: 37011862 PMCID: PMC10066589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a prominent molecular chaperone, effectively limits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but little is known about any interaction between Hsp90 and SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Here, we systematically analyzed the effects of the chaperone isoforms Hsp90α and Hsp90β on individual SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. Five SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and accessory proteins Orf3, Orf7a, and Orf7b were found to be novel clients of Hsp90β in particular. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 with 17-DMAG results in N protein proteasome-dependent degradation. Hsp90 depletion-induced N protein degradation is independent of CHIP, a ubiquitin E3 ligase previously identified for Hsp90 client proteins, but alleviated by FBXO10, an E3 ligase identified by subsequent siRNA screening. We also provide evidence that Hsp90 depletion may suppress SARS-CoV-2 assembly partially through induced M or N degradation. Additionally, we found that GSDMD-mediated pyroptotic cell death triggered by SARS-CoV-2 was mitigated by inhibition of Hsp90. These findings collectively highlight a beneficial role for targeting of Hsp90 during SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly inhibiting virion production and reducing inflammatory injury by preventing the pyroptosis that contributes to severe SARS-CoV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Dong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhang Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Jiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Shu Shi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao He
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Zhang K, Chen H, Li F, Huang S, Chen F, Li Y. Bright future or blind alley? CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1045024. [PMID: 36761757 PMCID: PMC9902507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1045024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells therapy has emerged as a significant breakthrough in adoptive immunotherapy for hematological malignancies with FDA approval. However, the application of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors remains challenging, mostly due to lack of suitable CAR-T target antigens, insufficient trafficking and extravasation to tumor sites, and limited CAR-T survival in the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we reviewed the development of CARs and the clinical trials in solid tumors. Meanwhile, a "key-and-lock" relationship was used to describe the recognition of tumor antigen via CAR T cells. Some strategies, including dual-targets and receptor system switches or filter, have been explored to help CAR T cells matching targets specifically and to minimize on-target/off-tumor toxicities in normal tissues. Furthermore, the complex TME restricts CAT T cells activity through dense extracellular matrix, suppressive immune cells and cytokines. Recent innovations in engineered CARs to shield the inhibitory signaling molecules were also discussed, which efficiently promote CAR T functions in terms of expansion and survival to overcome the hurdles in the TME of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Yi Li,
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22
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Chaves AJM, Jucá PM, Soares MVR, de Oliveira CA, de Sousa RC, Lós DB, Russo RC, Yaochite JNU, Macedo DS. In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220144. [PMID: 37018795 PMCID: PMC10065410 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can infect common mice inducing significant pathological lung lesions and inflammatory responses. This substantially mimics coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection and pathogenesis in humans. OBJECTIVES To characterise the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells’ immune activation compared with classical PAMPs in vitro. METHODS Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the RBD peptide (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 µg/mL), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) and evaluated after two and 24 h for significant markers of macrophage activation. We determined the effects of RBD peptide on cell viability, cleaved caspase 3 expressions, and nuclear morphometry analysis. FINDINGS In RAW cells, RBD peptide was cytotoxic, but not for BV2 cells. RAW cells presented increased arginase activity and IL-10 production; however, BV2 cells expressed iNOS and IL-6 after RBD peptide exposure. In addition, RAW cells increased cleaved-caspase-3, apoptosis, and mitotic catastrophe after RBD peptide stimulation but not BV2 cells. CONCLUSION RBD peptide exposure has different effects depending on the cell line, exposure time, and concentration. This study brings new evidence about the immunogenic profile of RBD in macrophage and microglial cells, advancing the understanding of SARS-Cov2 immuno- and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Paloma Marinho Jucá
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Michelle Verde Ramo Soares
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Caio Andrade de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Raul Cavalcante de Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Juliana Navarro Ueda Yaochite
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- + Corresponding author: /
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23
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Zolfaghari MA, Ghadiri Moghaddam F, Rajput S, Karimi A, Naghi Vishteh M, Mahmoodpoor A, Dolati S, Yousefi M. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A double-edged sword throughout rapid evolution of COVID-19. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2009-2017. [PMID: 36047303 PMCID: PMC9539123 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After more than 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, several questions have remained unanswered that affected our daily lives. Although substantial vaccine development could resist this challenge, emerging new variants in different countries could be considered as potent concerns regarding the adverse effects of reinfection or postvaccination. Precisely, these concerns address some significant and probable outcomes in vaccinated or reinfected models, followed by some virus challenges, such as antibody-dependent enhancement and cytokine storm. Therefore, the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited by vaccination and the rise of new variants must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zolfaghari
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Shabnam Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Biotechnology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohadeseh Naghi Vishteh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of AnesthesiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research InstituteTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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24
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Lee J. Does IFITM3 link inflammation to tumorigenesis? BMB Rep 2022; 55:602-608. [PMID: 36404597 PMCID: PMC9813432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled chronic inflammation, in most cases due to excessive cytokine signaling through their receptors, is known to contribute to the development of tumorigenesis. Recently, it has been reported that the antiviral membrane protein interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), induced by interferon signaling as part of the inflammatory response after viral infection, contributes to the development of B-cell malignancy. The unexpected oncogenic signaling of IFITM3 upon malignant B cell activation elucidated the mechanism by which the uncontrolled expression of inflammatory proteins contributes to leukemogenesis. In this review, the potential effects of inflammatory cytokines on upregulation of IFITM3 and its contribution to tumorigenesis are discussed. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 602-608].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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25
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Zheng Q, Lin R, Chen Y, Lv Q, Zhang J, Zhai J, Xu W, Wang W. SARS-CoV-2 induces "cytokine storm" hyperinflammatory responses in RA patients through pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058884. [PMID: 36532040 PMCID: PMC9751040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that threatens worldwide public health, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease. COVID-19 and RA are each strong risk factors for the other, but their molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to investigate the biomarkers between COVID-19 and RA from the mechanism of pyroptosis and find effective disease-targeting drugs. Methods We obtained the common gene shared by COVID-19, RA (GSE55235), and pyroptosis using bioinformatics analysis and then did the principal component analysis(PCA). The Co-genes were evaluated by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and ClueGO for functional enrichment, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built by STRING, and the k-means machine learning algorithm was employed for cluster analysis. Modular analysis utilizing Cytoscape to identify hub genes, functional enrichment analysis with Metascape and GeneMANIA, and NetworkAnalyst for gene-drug prediction. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to identify target drug-related genes intersecting with COVID-19, RA, and pyroptosis to acquire Co-hub genes and construct transcription factor (TF)-hub genes and miRNA-hub genes networks by NetworkAnalyst. The Co-hub genes were validated using GSE55457 and GSE93272 to acquire the Key gene, and their efficacy was assessed using receiver operating curves (ROC); SPEED2 was then used to determine the upstream pathway. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using CIBERSORT and validated by the HPA database. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) were used to explore and validate drug-gene relationships through computer-aided drug design. Results COVID-19, RA, and pyroptosis-related genes were enriched in pyroptosis and pro-inflammatory pathways(the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex, death-inducing signaling complex, regulation of interleukin production), natural immune pathways (Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19-and RA-related cytokine storm pathways (IL, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNF signaling pathway and regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling). Of these, CASP1 is the most involved pathway and is closely related to minocycline. YY1, hsa-mir-429, and hsa-mir-34a-5p play an important role in the expression of CASP1. Monocytes are high-caspase-1-expressing sentinel cells. Minocycline can generate a highly stable state for biochemical activity by docking closely with the active region of caspase-1. Conclusions Caspase-1 is a common biomarker for COVID-19, RA, and pyroptosis, and it may be an important mediator of the excessive inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 in RA patients through pyroptosis. Minocycline may counteract cytokine storm inflammation in patients with COVID-19 combined with RA by inhibiting caspase-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongjie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihong Xu, ; Wanming Wang,
| | - Wanming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihong Xu, ; Wanming Wang,
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26
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Abstract
Uncontrolled chronic inflammation, in most cases due to excessive cytokine signaling through their receptors, is known to contribute to the development of tumorigenesis. Recently, it has been reported that the antiviral membrane protein interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), induced by interferon signaling as part of the inflammatory response after viral infection, contributes to the development of B-cell malignancy. The unexpected oncogenic signaling of IFITM3 upon malignant B cell activation elucidated the mechanism by which the uncontrolled expression of inflammatory proteins contributes to leukemogenesis. In this review, the potential effects of inflammatory cytokines on upregulation of IFITM3 and its contribution to tumorigenesis are discussed. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 602-608].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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27
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Tong X, Ping H, Gong X, Zhang K, Chen Z, Cai C, Lu Z, Yang R, Gao S, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu L, Ke H. Pyroptosis in the lung and spleen of patients died from
COVID-19. EUR J INFLAMM 2022; 20:1721727X221140661. [PMCID: PMC9702972 DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221140661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of pyroptosis-related factors (NLRP3, IL-18, NF-κB, HMGB-1, and GSDMD) in patients who died of COVID-19. The expression levels of NLRP3, IL-18, NF-κB, HMGB-1, and GSDMD in lung and spleen tissues of the COVID-19 group and the control group were detected by tissue immunofluorescence. The control group includes lung tissues and spleen tissues of two patients who died unexpectedly without SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the COVID-19 group includes the lung and spleen tissues of three patients who died of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The positive rates of NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-18, and GSDMD in the lung tissues from the control group and COVID-19 group were 9.8% vs 73.4% (p = 0.000), 5.5% vs 63.6% (p = 0.000), 24.4% vs 76.2% (p = 0.000), and 17.5% and 46.8% (p = 0.000) respectively. The positive rates of NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-18, HMGB-1, and GSDMD in the spleen tissues from the control group and COVID-19 group were 20.6% vs 71.2% (p = 0.000), 18.9% vs 72.0% (p = 0.000), 15.2% vs 64.8% (p = 0.000), 27.6% vs 69.2% (p = 0.000), and 23% and 48.8% (p = 0.000), respectively. The positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the CD68 positive cells of the lung and spleen in the control group and COVID-19 group were 2.5% vs 56.8% (p = 0.000); 3.0% vs 64.9% (p = 0.000) respectively. The rates of NF-κB positive nuclei in the control group and COVID-19 group were 13.4% vs 51.4% (p = 0.000) in the lung and 38.2% vs 59.3% (p = 0.000) in the spleen. The rates of HMGB-1 positive cytoplasm in the control and the COVID-19 group were 19.7% vs 50.3% (p = 0.000) in the lung and 12.3% vs 45.2% (p = 0.000) in the spleen. The targets of SARS-CoV-2 are the lung and spleen, where increased macrophages could be involved in the up-regulation of pyroptosis-related inflammatory factors such as NF-κB, HMGB-1, NLRP3, IL-18, and GSDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Training Center of AIDS prevention
and Cure of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiqin Ping
- Training Center of AIDS prevention
and Cure of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Gong
- Training Center of AIDS prevention
and Cure of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Training Center of AIDS prevention
and Cure of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Training Center of AIDS prevention
and Cure of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyun Cai
- Training Center of AIDS prevention
and Cure of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shicheng Gao
- Department of infectious disease, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine,
Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine,
Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengning Ke
- Training Center of AIDS prevention
and Cure of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan
University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Suzuki S, Imamura M, Mouri M, Tsuchida T, Tomita H, Matsuoka S, Takita M, Kakinuma K, Kawasaki T, Sakurai K, Yamazaki K, Kurokawa MS, Kunishima H, Matsuda T, Mineshita M, Takemura H, Fujitani S, Ooka S, Sugihara T, Kato T, Kawahata K. Serum gasdermin D levels are associated with the chest computed tomography findings and severity of COVID-19. Respir Investig 2022; 60:750-761. [PMID: 35934631 PMCID: PMC9273659 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of programmed cell death, especially pyroptosis and apoptosis, in unfavorable immune responses in COVID-19 remains to be elucidated. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to investigate the association between the serum gasdermin D (GSDMD) levels, a pyroptotic marker, and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment (M30), an apoptotic marker, and the clinical status and abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS In this study, 46 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were divided into the following three groups according to the disease severity: mild to moderate group (n = 10), severe group (n = 14), and critical group (n = 22). The serum GSDMD levels were higher in the critical group than in the mild to moderate group (P = 0.016). In contrast, serum M30 levels were lower in the critical group than in the severe group (P = 0.048). Patients who required mechanical ventilation or died had higher serum GSDMD levels than those who did not (P = 0.007). Area of consolidation only and of ground glass opacity plus consolidation positively correlated with serum GSDMD levels (r = 0.56, P < 0.001 and r = 0.53, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Higher serum GSDMD levels are associated with critical respiratory status and the consolidation area on chest CT in patients with COVID-19, suggesting that excessive activation of pyroptosis may affect the clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Imamura
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan,Corresponding author. Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. Fax: +81-44-977-8593
| | - Mariko Mouri
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsuchida
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Tomita
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin Matsuoka
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mumon Takita
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kakinuma
- Division of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sakurai
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamazaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manae S. Kurokawa
- Disease Biomarker Analysis and Molecular Regulation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsuda
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mineshita
- Division of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takemura
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Fujitani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seido Ooka
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sugihara
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kato
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Venkataraman S. Plant Molecular Pharming and Plant-Derived Compounds towards Generation of Vaccines and Therapeutics against Coronaviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1805. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current century has witnessed infections of pandemic proportions caused by Coronaviruses (CoV) including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related CoV (MERS-CoV) and the recently identified SARS-CoV2. Significantly, the SARS-CoV2 outbreak, declared a pandemic in early 2020, has wreaked devastation and imposed intense pressure on medical establishments world-wide in a short time period by spreading at a rapid pace, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there is a compelling need to combat and contain the CoV infections. The current review addresses the unique features of the molecular virology of major Coronaviruses that may be tractable towards antiviral targeting and design of novel preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Plant-derived vaccines, in particular oral vaccines, afford safer, effectual and low-cost avenues to develop antivirals and fast response vaccines, requiring minimal infrastructure and trained personnel for vaccine administration in developing countries. This review article discusses recent developments in the generation of plant-based vaccines, therapeutic/drug molecules, monoclonal antibodies and phytochemicals to preclude and combat infections caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Efficacious plant-derived antivirals could contribute significantly to combating emerging and re-emerging pathogenic CoV infections and help stem the tide of any future pandemics.
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Wang H, Zhou X, Li C, Yan S, Feng C, He J, Li Z, Tu C. The emerging role of pyroptosis in pediatric cancers: from mechanism to therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:140. [PMID: 36209102 PMCID: PMC9547461 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers are the driving cause of death for children and adolescents. Due to safety requirements and considerations, treatment strategies and drugs for pediatric cancers have been so far scarcely studied. It is well known that tumor cells tend to progressively evade cell death pathways, which is known as apoptosis resistance, one of the hallmarks of cancer, dominating tumor drug resistance. Recently, treatments targeting nonapoptotic cell death have drawn great attention. Pyroptosis, a newly specialized form of cell death, acts as a critical physiological regulator in inflammatory reaction, cell development, tissue homeostasis and stress response. The action in different forms of pyroptosis is of great significance in the therapy of pediatric cancers. Pyroptosis could be induced and consequently modulate tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis if treated with local or systemic therapies. However, excessive or uncontrolled cell death might lead to tissue damage, acute inflammation, or even cytokine release syndrome, which facilitates tumor progression or recurrence. Herein, we aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, to highlight and discuss the challenges and opportunities for activating pyroptosis pathways through various oncologic therapies in multiple pediatric neoplasms, including osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenbei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxiang Yan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Mazaheri-tehrani S, Mirzapour MH, Yazdi M, Fakhrolmobasheri M, Abhari AP. Serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19 during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:120-127. [PMID: 36184196 PMCID: PMC9461277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Serum vitamin D levels are reported to be associated with the risk of incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the general population. During pregnancy, immune system alterations in line with changes in vitamin D metabolism may affect the course of COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the association between vitamin D, pregnancy, and COVID-19. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar until the end of May 2022. Mean differences (MD) with 95% CI were used as desired effect sizes to assess the association of serum vitamin D levels with the risk of incidence and severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women. Results Among 259 records, 7 and 6 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. All included studies had acceptable quality. Our results demonstrated an insignificant difference between infected women and non-infected controls (MD = -2.55 ng/ml, 95% CI: −6.85 – 1.74). But serum vitamin D levels in severe/moderate cases compared to mild ones (MD = −2.71 ng/ml, 95% CI: −4.18 to −1.24) are significantly lower. Conclusion Based on the current evidence, serum vitamin D level does not associate with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women, but we find a significant association with the severity of the disease. These findings may be helpful in similar conditions and future studies to better understand the complex immune alterations during pregnancy.
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Wang M, Chang W, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Pyroptotic cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection: revealing its roles during the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5827-5848. [PMID: 36263178 PMCID: PMC9576507 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains a global public health emergency. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 can induce aberrant and excessive immune responses, leading to cytokine storm syndrome, autoimmunity, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and dysfunction of monocytes and macrophages. Pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, acts as a host defense mechanism against infections. Pyroptosis deprives the replicative niche of SARS-CoV-2 by inducing the lysis of infected cells and exposing the virus to extracellular immune attack. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to hijack this cell death mode for its own survival, propagation and shedding. SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral products act to modulate various key components in the pyroptosis pathways, including inflammasomes, caspases and gasdermins. SARS-CoV-2-induced pyroptosis contriubtes to the development of COVID-19-associated immunopathologies through leakage of intracellular contents, disruption of immune system homeostasis or exacerbation of inflammation. Therefore, pyroptosis has emerged as an important mechanism involved in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. However, the entangled links between pyroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis lack systematic clarification. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-related immunopathologies. Moreover, we present an overview of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pyroptosis and highlight recent research advances in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the implication of the pyroptosis pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis, which will provide informative inspirations and new directions for further investigation and clinical practice. Finally, we discuss the potential value of pyroptosis as a therapeutic target in COVID-19. An in-depth discussion of the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis will be conducive to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the exploration of effective treatment measures aimed at conquering SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- ✉ Corresponding author: Man Wang, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China. Tel.: +86-532-82991791; E-mail address:
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Sukocheva OA, Maksoud R, Beeraka NM, Madhunapantula SV, Sinelnikov M, Nikolenko VN, Neganova ME, Klochkov SG, Amjad Kamal M, Staines DR, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Analysis of post COVID-19 condition and its overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. J Adv Res 2022; 40:179-196. [PMID: 36100326 PMCID: PMC8619886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) triggers the development of numerous pathologies and infection-linked complications and exacerbates existing pathologies in nearly all body systems. Aside from the primarily targeted respiratory organs, adverse SARS-CoV-2 effects were observed in nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal/metabolic, immune, and other systems in COVID-19 survivors. Long-term effects of this viral infection have been recently observed and represent distressing sequelae recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a distinct clinical entity defined as post-COVID-19 condition. Considering the pandemic is still ongoing, more time is required to confirm post COVID-19 condition diagnosis in the COVID-19 infected cohorts, although many reported post COVID-19 symptoms overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). AIMS OF REVIEW In this study, COVID-19 clinical presentation and associated post-infection sequelae (post-COVID-19 condition) were reviewed and compared with ME/CFS symptomatology. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The onset, progression, and symptom profile of post COVID-19 condition patients have considerable overlap with ME/CFS. Considering the large scope and range of pro-inflammatory effects of this virus, it is reasonable to expect development of post COVID-19 clinical complications in a proportion of the affected population. There are reports of a later debilitating syndrome onset three months post COVID-19 infection (often described as long-COVID-19), marked by the presence of fatigue, headache, cognitive dysfunction, post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance, and dyspnoea. Acute inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Longitudinal monitoring of post COVID-19 patients is warranted to understand the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathomechanism of post COVID-19 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park 5042, SA, Australia; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Rebekah Maksoud
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, India
| | - SabbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, India; Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, India
| | - Mikhail Sinelnikov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Mohovaya 11c10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Mohovaya 11c10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Donald R Staines
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Liang J, Yuan HY. Assessing the impact of temperature and humidity exposures during early infection stages on case-fatality of COVID-19: A modelling study in Europe. Environ Res 2022; 211:112931. [PMID: 35217008 PMCID: PMC8860752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Although associations between key weather indicators (i.e. temperature and humidity) and COVID-19 mortality have been reported, the relationship between these exposures at different timings in early infection stages (from virus exposure up to a few days after symptom onset) and the probability of death after infection (also called case fatality rate, CFR) has yet to be determined. Methods We estimated the instantaneous CFR of eight European countries using Bayesian inference in conjunction with stochastic transmission models, taking account of delays in reporting the number of newly confirmed cases and deaths. The exposure-lag-response associations between fatality rate and weather conditions to which patients were exposed at different timings were obtained using distributed lag nonlinear models coupled with mixed-effect models. Results Our results show that the Odds Ratio (OR) of death is negatively associated with the temperature, with two maxima (OR = 1.29 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.35) at -0.1°C; OR = 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.16) at 0.1°C) occurring at the time of virus exposure and after symptom onset. Two minima (OR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.92) at 23.2°C; OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.80) at 21.7°C) also occurred at these two distinct periods correspondingly. Low humidity (below 50%) during the early stages and high humidity (approximately 89%) after symptom onset were related to the lower fatality. Conclusion Environmental conditions may affect not only the initial viral load when patients are exposed to the virus, but also individuals' immune response around symptom onset. Warmer temperatures and higher humidity after symptom onset were linked to lower fatality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiang-Yu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Li W, Wang H, Zheng SJ. Roles of RNA Sensors in Host Innate Response to Influenza Virus and Coronavirus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158285. [PMID: 35955436 PMCID: PMC9368391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronavirus are two important respiratory viruses, which often cause serious respiratory diseases in humans and animals after infection. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and SARS-CoV-2 have become major pathogens causing respiratory diseases in humans. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between viral infection and host innate immunity is particularly important to the stipulation of effective control strategies. As the first line of defense against pathogens infection, innate immunity not only acts as a natural physiological barrier, but also eliminates pathogens through the production of interferon (IFN), the formation of inflammasomes, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this process, the recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the initiation and the most important part of the innate immune response. In this review, we summarize the roles of RNA sensors in the host innate immune response to influenza virus and coronavirus infections in different species, with a particular focus on innate immune recognition of viral nucleic acids in host cells, which will help to develop an effective strategy for the control of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongnuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62834681
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Tang Y, Zhang P, Liu Q, Cao L, Xu J. Pyroptotic Patterns in Blood Leukocytes Predict Disease Severity and Outcome in COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888661. [PMID: 35928821 PMCID: PMC9343985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has lasted for over 2 years now and has already caused millions of deaths. In COVID-19, leukocyte pyroptosis has been previously associated with both beneficial and detrimental effects, so its role in the development of this disease remains controversial. Using transcriptomic data (GSE157103) of blood leukocytes from 126 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients (ARDS) with or without COVID-19, we found that COVID-19 patients present with enhanced leukocyte pyroptosis. Based on unsupervised clustering, we divided 100 COVID-19 patients into two clusters (PYRcluster1 and PYRcluster2) according to the expression of 35 pyroptosis-related genes. The results revealed distinct pyroptotic patterns associated with different leukocytes in these PYRclusters. PYRcluster1 patients were in a hyperinflammatory state and had a worse prognosis than PYRcluster2 patients. The hyperinflammation of PYRcluster1 was validated by the results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of proteomic data (MSV000085703). These differences in pyroptosis between the two PYRclusters were confirmed by the PYRscore. To improve the clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients, we used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to construct a prognostic model based on differentially expressed genes between PYRclusters (PYRsafescore), which can be applied as an effective prognosis tool. Lastly, we explored the upstream transcription factors of different pyroptotic patterns, thereby identifying 112 compounds with potential therapeutic value in public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyang Cao
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingsong Xu, ; Luyang Cao,
| | - Jingsong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingsong Xu, ; Luyang Cao,
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Haslbauer JD, Bratic-Hench I, Cima K, Luger AK, Schmitz K, Augustin F, Krapf C, Hoefer D, Tancevski I, Tzankov A, Löffler-Ragg J. Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis and Extensive Dendriform Ossification with Persistent Viral Load: A Rare Presentation of Post-COVID-19 Condition in Need of Lung Transplantation. Pathobiology 2022; 90:138-146. [PMID: 35835004 PMCID: PMC10129030 DOI: 10.1159/000525457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence, presentation, and predisposing factors of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are currently poorly understood. Lung explants may provide a rare insight into terminal SARS-CoV-2-associated lung damage and its pathophysiology. A 62-year-old man presented with progressively worsening respiratory symptoms after recovering from mild COVID-19 3 months earlier. No underlying pulmonary comorbidities were reported. A chest CT revealed bilateral extensive ground-glass and reticular opacities, suspicious of pulmonary fibrosis. Despite initial high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, the interstitial lung disease progressed, and after exhausting all viable therapeutic options, bilateral lung transplantation was successfully conducted. Histological analysis revealed extensive end-stage interstitial fibrosis with diffuse dendriform ossification and bronchiolar and transitional cell metaplasia. Signs of interstitial remodeling such as an increased interstitial collagen deposition, a pathological accumulation of CD163+/CD206+ M2-polarized macrophages with an increased expression of phosphorylated ERK, and an increased density of CD105+ newly formed capillaries were observed. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 N-protein in the endothelium of medium-sized vessels confirmed a persistence of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings highlight a highly unusual presentation of SARS-CoV-2-associated lung fibrosis, implying that incomplete viral clearance in the vascular compartment may play a vital pathophysiological role in the development of PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Dionne Haslbauer
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,
| | - Ivana Bratic-Hench
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Cima
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectiology, Rheumatology, Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Pathology, Innpath, Tyrolean State Clinics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Augustin
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Krapf
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Hoefer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectiology, Rheumatology, Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectiology, Rheumatology, Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Huang Y, Li R, Yang Y. Role of Pyroptosis in Gynecological Oncology and Its Therapeutic Regulation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070924. [PMID: 35883480 PMCID: PMC9313147 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous advances in molecular biotechnology, many new cell death methods have been discovered. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death process that differs from apoptosis and autophagy in cell morphology and function. Compared with apoptosis and autophagy, pyroptosis is primarily mediated by intracellular inflammasome and gasdermin D of the gasdermin protein family and involves the release of numerous inflammatory factors. Pyroptosis has been found to be involved in the occurrence and development of infectious diseases and other diseases involving the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have also reported the occurrence of pyroptosis in tumor cells. Accordingly, exploring its effect on tumors has become one of the research hotspots. Herein, recent research progress on pyroptosis is reviewed, especially its role in the development of gynecological tumors. As the pathogenesis of gynecological tumor is better understood, new targets have been introduced for the prevention and clinical treatment of gynecological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruiyun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Reproductive Medicine Center, The 1st Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The dramatic global consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic soon fueled quests for a suitable model that would facilitate the development and testing of therapies and vaccines. In contrast to other rodents, hamsters are naturally susceptible to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) rapidly developed into a popular model. It recapitulates many characteristic features as seen in patients with a moderate, self-limiting course of the disease such as specific patterns of respiratory tract inflammation, vascular endothelialitis, and age dependence. Among 4 other hamster species examined, the Roborovski dwarf hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) more closely mimics the disease in highly susceptible patients with frequent lethal outcome, including devastating diffuse alveolar damage and coagulopathy. Thus, different hamster species are available to mimic different courses of the wide spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in humans. On the other hand, fewer diagnostic tools and information on immune functions and molecular pathways are available than in mice, which limits mechanistic studies and inference to humans in several aspects. Still, under pandemic conditions with high pressure on progress in both basic and clinically oriented research, the Syrian hamster has turned into the leading non-transgenic model at an unprecedented pace, currently used in innumerable studies that all aim to combat the impact of the virus with its new variants of concern. As in other models, its strength rests upon a solid understanding of its similarities to and differences from the human disease, which we review here.
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Kim EH, Lee BW, Ryu B, Cho HM, Kim SM, Jang SG, Casel MAB, Rollon R, Yoo JS, Poo H, Oh WK, Choi YK. Inhibition of a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants by antiviral phytochemicals in hACE2 mice. Antiviral Res 2022; 204:105371. [PMID: 35777669 PMCID: PMC9239703 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although several vaccines and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are currently available, control and prevention of COVID-19 through these interventions is limited due to inaccessibility and economic issues in some regions and countries. Moreover, incomplete viral clearance by ineffective therapeutics may lead to rapid genetic evolution, resulting in the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that may escape the host immune system as well as currently available COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we report that phytochemicals extracted from Chlorella spp. and Psidium guajava possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Through chromatography-based screening, we identified four bioactive compounds and subsequently demonstrated their potential antiviral activities in vivo. Interestingly, in hACE2 mice, treatment with these compounds significantly attenuates SARS-CoV-2-induced proinflammatory responses, demonstrating their potential anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, our study suggests that phytochemicals from edible plants may be readily available therapeutics and prophylactics against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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Marconato M, Abela IA, Hauser A, Schwarzmüller M, Katzensteiner R, Braun DL, Epp S, Audigé A, Weber J, Rusert P, Schindler E, Pasin C, West E, Böni J, Kufner V, Huber M, Zaheri M, Schmutz S, Frey BM, Kouyos RD, Günthard HF, Manz MG, Trkola A. Antibodies from convalescent plasma promote SARS-CoV-2 clearance in individuals with and without endogenous antibody response. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158190. [PMID: 35482408 PMCID: PMC9197521 DOI: 10.1172/jci158190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDNeutralizing antibodies are considered a key correlate of protection by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The manner in which human infections respond to therapeutic SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including convalescent plasma therapy, remains to be fully elucidated.METHODSWe conducted a proof-of-principle study of convalescent plasma therapy based on a phase I trial in 30 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a median interval between onset of symptoms and first transfusion of 9 days (IQR, 7-11.8 days). Comprehensive longitudinal monitoring of the virological, serological, and disease status of recipients allowed deciphering of parameters on which plasma therapy efficacy depends.RESULTSIn this trial, convalescent plasma therapy was safe as evidenced by the absence of transfusion-related adverse events and low mortality (3.3%). Treatment with highly neutralizing plasma was significantly associated with faster virus clearance, as demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.034) and confirmed in a parametric survival model including viral load and comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-8.1; P = 0.026). The onset of endogenous neutralization affected viral clearance, but even after adjustment for their pretransfusion endogenous neutralization status, recipients benefitted from plasma therapy with high neutralizing antibodies (hazard ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-11; P = 0.034).CONCLUSIONOur data demonstrate a clear impact of exogenous antibody therapy on the rapid clearance of viremia before and after onset of the endogenous neutralizing response, and point beyond antibody-based interventions to critical laboratory parameters for improved evaluation of current and future SARS-CoV-2 therapies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04869072.FUNDINGThis study was funded via an Innovation Pool project by the University Hospital Zurich; the Swiss Red Cross Glückskette Corona Funding; Pandemiefonds of the UZH Foundation; and the Clinical Research Priority Program "Comprehensive Genomic Pathogen Detection" of the University of Zurich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Marconato
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology; University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich; Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Irene A. Abela
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Hauser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Rheliana Katzensteiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique L. Braun
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selina Epp
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Weber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rusert
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eméry Schindler
- Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Pasin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emily West
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Böni
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Verena Kufner
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Zaheri
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger D. Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F. Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G. Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology; University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich; Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Gutiérrez-Castrellón P, Shi H. Cell deaths: Involvement in the pathogenesis and intervention therapy of COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:186. [PMID: 35697684 PMCID: PMC9189267 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has dramatically influenced various aspects of the world. It is urgent to thoroughly study pathology and underlying mechanisms for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat this threatening disease. It is universally acknowledged that cell death and cell autophagy are essential and crucial to maintaining host homeostasis and participating in disease pathogenesis. At present, more than twenty different types of cell death have been discovered, some parts of which have been fully understood, whereas some of which need more investigation. Increasing studies have indicated that cell death and cell autophagy caused by coronavirus might play an important role in virus infection and pathogenicity. However, the knowledge of the interactions and related mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 between cell death and cell autophagy lacks systematic elucidation. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively delineate how SARS-CoV-2 manipulates diverse cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis) and cell autophagy for itself benefits, which is simultaneously involved in the occurrence and progression of COVID-19, aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the existing interventions and further development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro Gutiérrez-Castrellón
- Center for Translational Research on Health Science, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez. Ministry of Health, Calz. Tlalpan 4800, Col. Secc. XVI, 14080, Mexico city, Mexico.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Declercq J, De Leeuw E, Lambrecht BN. Inflammasomes and IL-1 family cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection: From prognostic marker to therapeutic agent. Cytokine 2022; 157:155934. [PMID: 35709568 PMCID: PMC9170572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Xu Q, Yang Y, Zhang X, Cai JJ. Association of pyroptosis and severeness of COVID-19 as revealed by integrated single-cell transcriptome data analysis. Immunoinformatics (Amst) 2022; 6:100013. [PMID: 35434695 PMCID: PMC8994680 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuno.2022.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine storm and inflammatory cytokine release syndrome are often found to be associated with severe instances of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, factors that contribute to the development of the COVID-19-associated cytokine storm and intensify the hyperinflammatory response are not well known. Here, we integratively analyzed scRNAseq data of 37,607 immune cells of eight different cell types from four studies involving COVID-19 patients in either moderate or severe conditions. Our analysis showed that pyroptosis-a lytic, inflammatory type of programmed cell death-may play a critical role in the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm. The expression of the key markers of pyroptosis, such as pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL1B and IL18, is significantly higher in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients than in healthy controls. The pattern is more pronounced in macrophages and neutrophils than in adaptive immune cells such as T cells and B cells. Furthermore, the lack of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and overexpression of ninjurin 1 (NINJ1) in macrophages may exacerbate the systemic inflammation, as shown in severe COVID-19 patients. Finally, we developed a scoring metric to quantitatively assess single cell's pyroptotic state and demonstrated the use of this pyroptosis signature score to scRNAseq data. Taken together, our study underscores the importance of the pyroptosis pathway and highlights its clinical relevance, suggesting that pyroptosis is a cellular process that can be a potential target for the treatment of COVID-19 associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Xiuren Zhang
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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45
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Abstract
The pore-forming inflammatory cell death pathway, pyroptosis, was first described in the early 1990s and its role in health and disease has been intensively studied since. The effector molecule GSDMD is cleaved by activated caspases, mainly Caspase 1 or 11 (Caspase 4/5 in humans), downstream of inflammasome formation. In this review, we describe the molecular events related to GSDMD-mediated pore formation. Furthermore, we summarize the so far elucidated ways of SARS-CoV-2 induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation leading to pyroptosis, which strongly contributes to COVID-19 pathology. We also explore the potential of NLRP3 and GSDMD inhibitors as therapeutics to counter excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Agnes Bittner
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Z.A.B.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Markus Schrader
- Department of Radiooncology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, 70199 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Shilpa Elizabeth George
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Z.A.B.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Z.A.B.); (S.E.G.)
- Correspondence:
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46
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Basavaraju S, Mishra S, Jindal R, Kesavardhana S. Emerging Role of ZBP1 in Z-RNA Sensing, Influenza Virus-Induced Cell Death, and Pulmonary Inflammation. mBio 2022;:e0040122. [PMID: 35587190 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00401-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections, which lead to human disease outbreaks and pandemics. Influenza A virus (IAV) circulates in diverse animal species, predominantly aquatic birds. This often results in the emergence of novel viral strains causing severe human disease upon zoonotic transmission. Innate immune sensing of the IAV infection promotes host cell death and inflammatory responses to confer antiviral host defense. Dysregulated respiratory epithelial cell death and excessive proinflammatory responses drive immunopathology in highly pathogenic influenza infections. Here, we discuss the critical mechanisms regulating IAV-induced cell death and proinflammatory responses. We further describe the essential role of the Z-form nucleic acid sensor ZBP1/DAI and RIPK3 in triggering apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis during IAV infection and their impact on host defense and pathogenicity in vivo. We also discuss the functional importance of ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling in recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viral infections. Understanding these mechanisms of RNA virus-induced cytopathic and pathogenic inflammatory responses is crucial for targeting pathogenic lung infections and human respiratory illness.
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47
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Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop a mild to moderate disease with virus replication restricted mainly to the upper airways, some progress to having a life-threatening pneumonia. In this Review, we explore recent clinical and experimental advances regarding SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and discuss potential mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), specifically focusing on new insights obtained using novel technologies such as single-cell omics, organoid infection models and CRISPR screens. We describe how SARS-CoV-2 may infect the lower respiratory tract and cause alveolar damage as a result of dysfunctional immune responses. We discuss how this may lead to the induction of a 'leaky state' of both the epithelium and the endothelium, promoting inflammation and coagulation, while an influx of immune cells leads to overexuberant inflammatory responses and immunopathology. Finally, we highlight how these findings may aid the development of new therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.
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48
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Lian Q, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Duan F, Guo L, Luo W, Mok BWY, Thakur A, Ke X, Motallebnejad P, Nicolaescu V, Chen J, Ma CY, Zhou X, Han S, Han T, Zhang W, Tan AY, Zhang T, Wang X, Xu D, Xiang J, Xu A, Liao C, Huang FP, Chen YW, Na J, Randall G, Tse HF, Chen Z, Chen Y, Chen HJ. Differential effects of macrophage subtypes on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human pluripotent stem cell-derived model. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2028. [PMID: 35440562 PMCID: PMC9018716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional immune responses contribute critically to the progression of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), with macrophages as one of the main cell types involved. It is urgent to understand the interactions among permissive cells, macrophages, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby offering important insights into effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we establish a lung and macrophage co-culture system derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), modeling the host-pathogen interaction in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We find that both classically polarized macrophages (M1) and alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) have inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, M1 and non-activated (M0) macrophages, but not M2 macrophages, significantly up-regulate inflammatory factors upon viral infection. Moreover, M1 macrophages suppress the growth and enhance apoptosis of lung cells. Inhibition of viral entry using an ACE2 blocking antibody substantially enhances the activity of M2 macrophages. Our studies indicate differential immune response patterns in distinct macrophage phenotypes, which could lead to a range of COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhou Lian
- Cord Blood Bank Center, Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, and Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kui Zhang
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, and Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fuyu Duan
- Cord Blood Bank Center, Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Guo
- Cord Blood Bank Center, Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiren Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bobo Wing-Yee Mok
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Ke
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Pedram Motallebnejad
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vlad Nicolaescu
- Microbiology, Biosciences Division, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan Chen
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chui Yan Ma
- Cord Blood Bank Center, Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, and Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuo Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Teng Han
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adrian Y Tan
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Can Liao
- Cord Blood Bank Center, Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Ping Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Glenn Randall
- Microbiology, Biosciences Division, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, and Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emergent Infectious Disease, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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49
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Wang D, Wang S, Zhou Z, Bai D, Zhang Q, Ai X, Gao W, Zhang L. White Blood Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles: Recent Development and Medical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101349. [PMID: 34468090 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
White blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that play essential roles in critical diseases including cancers, infections, and inflammatory disorders. Their dynamic and diverse functions have inspired the development of WBC membrane-coated nanoparticles (denoted "WBC-NPs"), which are formed by fusing the plasma membranes of WBCs, such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and natural killer cells, onto synthetic nanoparticle cores. Inheriting the entire source cell antigens, WBC-NPs act as source cell decoys and simulate their broad biointerfacing properties with intriguing therapeutic potentials. Herein, the recent development and medical applications of WBC-NPs focusing on four areas, including WBC-NPs as carriers for drug delivery, as countermeasures for biological neutralization, as nanovaccines for immune modulation, and as tools for the isolation of circulating tumor cells and fundamental research is reviewed. Overall, the recent development and studies of WBC-NPs have established the platform as versatile nanotherapeutics and tools with broad medical application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Dean Bai
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Qiangzhe Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Xiangzhao Ai
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
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50
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Malafaia G, Ahmed MAI, Souza SSD, Rezende FNE, Freitas ÍN, da Luz TM, da Silva AM, Charlie-Silva I, Braz HLB, Jorge RJB, Sanches PRS, Mendonça-Gomes JM, Cilli EM, Araújo APDC. Toxicological impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of the neotropical fish, Poecilia reticulata. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 245:106104. [PMID: 35176694 PMCID: PMC8830931 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There have been significant impacts of the current COVID-19 pandemic on society including high health and economic costs. However, little is known about the potential ecological risks of this virus despite its presence in freshwater systems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the exposure of Poecilia reticulata juveniles to two peptides derived from Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which was synthesized in the laboratory (named PSPD-2002 and PSPD-2003). For this, the animals were exposed for 35 days to the peptides at a concentration of 40 µg/L and different toxicity biomarkers were assessed. Our data indicated that the peptides were able to induce anxiety-like behavior in the open field test and increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The biometric evaluation also revealed that the animals exposed to the peptides displayed alterations in the pattern of growth/development. Furthermore, the increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which suggests a redox imbalance induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides. Moreover, molecular docking analysis suggested a strong interaction of the peptides with the enzymes AChE, SOD and CAT, allowing us to infer that the observed effects are related to the direct action of the peptides on the functionality of these enzymes. Consequently, our study provided evidence that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in the freshwater ecosystems offer a health risk to fish and other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5km, Zona Rural CEP, Urutaí, GO 75790-000, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Sindoval Silva de Souza
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5km, Zona Rural CEP, Urutaí, GO 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Neves Estrela Rezende
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Nascimento Freitas
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5km, Zona Rural CEP, Urutaí, GO 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Thiarlen Marinho da Luz
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5km, Zona Rural CEP, Urutaí, GO 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Abner Marcelino da Silva
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5km, Zona Rural CEP, Urutaí, GO 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, CE, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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