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Cheong KL, Liu K, Chen W, Zhong S, Tan K. Recent progress in Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural insights, and their impact on gastrointestinal health and oxidative stress management. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101414. [PMID: 38711774 PMCID: PMC11070828 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyra haitanensis, a red seaweed species, represents a bountiful and sustainable marine resource. P. haitanensis polysaccharide (PHP), has garnered considerable attention for its numerous health benefits. However, the comprehensive utilization of PHP on an industrial scale has been limited by the lack of comprehensive information. In this review, we endeavor to discuss and summarize recent advancements in PHP extraction, purification, and characterization. We emphasize the multifaceted mechanisms through which PHP promotes gastrointestinal health. Furthermore, we present a summary of compelling evidence supporting PHP's protective role against oxidative stress. This includes its demonstrated potent antioxidant properties, its ability to neutralize free radicals, and its capacity to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The information presented here also lays the theoretical groundwork for future research into the structural and functional aspects of PHP, as well as its potential applications in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Keying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
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2
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Horne B, Badji H, Bhuiyan MTR, Romaina Cachique L, Cornick J, Hotwani A, Juma J, Ochieng JB, Abdou M, Apondi E, Atlas HE, Awuor AO, Baker KS, Ceesay BE, Charles M, Cunliffe NA, Feutz E, Galagan SR, Guindo I, Hossain MJ, Iqbal J, Jallow F, Keita NY, Khanam F, Kotloff KL, Maiden V, Manzanares Villanueva K, Mito O, Mosharraf MP, Nkeze J, Ikumapayi UN, Paredes Olortegui M, Pavlinac PB, Pinedo Vasquez T, Qadri F, Qamar FN, Qureshi S, Rahman N, Sangare A, Sen S, Peñataro Yori P, Yousafzai MT, Ahmed D, Jere KC, Kosek MN, Omore R, Permala-Booth J, Secka O, Tennant SM. Microbiological Methods Used in the Enterics for Global Health Shigella Surveillance Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:S25-S33. [PMID: 38532949 PMCID: PMC10962722 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella is a major cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. Multiple vaccines targeting Shigella are in development, and phase 3 clinical trials are imminent to determine efficacy against shigellosis. Methods The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study is designed to determine the incidence of medically attended shigellosis in 6- to 35-month-old children in 7 resource-limited settings. Here, we describe the microbiological methods used to isolate and identify Shigella. We developed a standardized laboratory protocol for isolation and identification of Shigella by culture. This protocol was implemented across all 7 sites, ensuring consistency and comparability of results. Secondary objectives of the study are to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of Shigella, compare isolation of Shigella from rectal swabs versus whole stool, and compare isolation of Shigella following transport of rectal swabs in Cary-Blair versus a modified buffered glycerol saline transport medium. Conclusions Data generated from EFGH using culture methods described herein can potentially be used for microbiological endpoints in future phase 3 clinical trials to evaluate vaccines against shigellosis and for other clinical and public health studies focused on these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bri’Anna Horne
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Henry Badji
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | | | - Jennifer Cornick
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jane Juma
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Mahamadou Abdou
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Evans Apondi
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Hannah E Atlas
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alex O Awuor
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kate S Baker
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bubacarr E Ceesay
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Mary Charles
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nigel A Cunliffe
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Feutz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sean R Galagan
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ibrehima Guindo
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - M Jahangir Hossain
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Farhana Khanam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victor Maiden
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Oscar Mito
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Md Parvej Mosharraf
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Joseph Nkeze
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Usman N Ikumapayi
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Patricia B Pavlinac
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Naz Qamar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Qureshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aminata Sangare
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sunil Sen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Pablo Peñataro Yori
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Dilruba Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Margaret N Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard Omore
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jasnehta Permala-Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Ousman Secka
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Sharon M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
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3
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Nazari-Vanani R, Negahdary M. Recent advances in electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors for the detection of pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117850. [PMID: 38081349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pathogenic microorganisms have caused significant mortality rates and antibiotic resistance and triggered exorbitant healthcare costs. These pathogens often have high transmission rates within human populations. Rapid diagnosis is crucial in controlling and reducing the spread of pathogenic infections. The diagnostic methods currently used against individuals infected with these pathogens include relying on outward symptoms, immunological-based and, some biomolecular ones, which mainly have limitations such as diagnostic errors, time-consuming processes, and high-cost platforms. Electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors have emerged as promising diagnostic tools for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective pathogen detection. These bio-electrochemical platforms have been optimized for diagnostic purposes by incorporating advanced materials (mainly nanomaterials), biomolecular technologies, and innovative designs. This review classifies electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors developed between 2021 and 2023 based on their use of different nanomaterials, such as gold-based, carbon-based, and others that employed other innovative assemblies without the use of nanomaterials. Inspecting the diagnostic features of various sensing platforms against pathogenic analytes can identify research gaps and open new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Nazari-Vanani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Anbazhagan S, Himani KM, Karthikeyan R, Prakasan L, Dinesh M, Nair SS, Lalsiamthara J, Abhishek, Ramachandra SG, Chaturvedi VK, Chaudhuri P, Thomas P. Comparative genomics of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis unravels the gene sharing, virulence factors and SNP diversity among the standard, vaccine and field strains. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:101-111. [PMID: 37202587 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis are the primary etiological agents of brucellosis in large and small ruminants, respectively. There are limited comparative genomic studies involving Brucella strains that explore the relatedness among both species. In this study, we involved strains (n=44) representing standard, vaccine and Indian field origin for pangenome, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and phylogenetic analysis. Both species shared a common gene pool representing 2884 genes out of a total 3244 genes. SNP-based phylogenetic analysis indicated higher SNP diversity among B. melitensis (3824) strains in comparison to B. abortus (540) strains, and a clear demarcation was identified between standard/vaccine and field strains. The analysis for virulence genes revealed that virB3, virB7, ricA, virB5, ipx5, wbkC, wbkB, and acpXL genes were highly conserved in most of the Brucella strains. Interestingly, virB10 gene was found to have high variability among the B. abortus strains. The cgMLST analysis revealed distinct sequence types for the standard/vaccine and field strains. B. abortus strains from north-eastern India fall within similar sequence type differing from other strains. In conclusion, the analysis revealed a highly shared core genome among two Brucella species. SNP analysis revealed B. melitensis strains exhibit high diversity as compared to B. abortus strains. Strains with absence or high polymorphism of virulence genes can be exploited for the development of novel vaccine candidates effective against both B. abortus and B. melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anbazhagan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
- ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - K M Himani
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - R Karthikeyan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Lakshmi Prakasan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - M Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, SOM, OHSU, Portland, OR, US, 97239, USA
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S G Ramachandra
- ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
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5
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León Y, Honigsberg R, Rasko DA, Faherty CS. Gastrointestinal signals in supplemented media reveal a role in adherence for the Shigella flexneri sap autotransporter gene. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2331985. [PMID: 38549437 PMCID: PMC10984119 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2331985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri causes severe diarrheal disease worldwide. While many aspects of pathogenesis have been elucidated, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of putative chromosomally-encoded virulence genes. The uncharacterized sap gene encoded on the chromosome has significant nucleotide sequence identity to the fluffy (flu) antigen 43 autotransporter gene in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Here, we constructed a Δsap mutant in S. flexneri strain 2457T and examined the effects of this mutation on bacterial cell aggregation, biofilm formation, and adherence to colonic epithelial cells. Analyses included the use of growth media supplemented with glucose and bile salts to replicate small intestinal signals encountered by S. flexneri. Deletion of the sap gene in 2457T affected epithelial cell adherence, resulted in quicker bacterial cell aggregation, but did not affect biofilm formation. This work highlights a functional role for the sap gene in S. flexneri pathogenesis and further demonstrates the importance of using relevant and appropriate gastrointestinal signals to characterize virulence genes of enteropathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrvin León
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphael Honigsberg
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Département d’Enseignement et de, Recherche de Biologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David A. Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina S. Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Gabor CE, Hazen TH, Delaine-Elias BC, Rasko DA, Barry EM. Genomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic differences among archetype Shigella flexneri strains of serotypes 2a, 3a, and 6. mSphere 2023; 8:e0040823. [PMID: 37830809 PMCID: PMC10732043 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00408-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Given the genomic diversity between S. flexneri serotypes and the paucity of data to support serotype-specific phenotypic differences, we applied in silico and in vitro functional analyses of archetype strains of 2457T (Sf2a), J17B (Sf3a), and CH060 (Sf6). These archetype strains represent the three leading S. flexneri serotypes recommended for inclusion in multivalent vaccines. Characterizing the genomic and phenotypic variation among these clinically prevalent serotypes is an important step toward understanding serotype-specific host-pathogen interactions to optimize the efficacy of multivalent vaccines and therapeutics. This study underpins the importance for further large-scale serotype-targeted analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Gabor
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy H. Hazen
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - BreOnna C. Delaine-Elias
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eileen M. Barry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Lu T, Howlader DR, Das S, Dietz ZK, Nagel AC, Whittier SK, Picking WD, Picking WL. The L-DBF vaccine cross protects mice against different Shigella serotypes after prior exposure to the pathogen. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0006223. [PMID: 37787548 PMCID: PMC10714971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00062-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Shigellosis is endemic to low- and middle-income regions of the world where children are especially vulnerable. In many cases, there are pre-existing antibodies in the local population and the effect of prior exposure should be considered in the development and testing of vaccines against Shigella infection. Our study shows that L-DBF-induced immune responses are not adversely affected by prior exposure to this pathogen. Moreover, somewhat different cytokine profiles were observed in the lungs of vaccinated mice not having been exposed to Shigella, suggesting that the immune responses elicited by Shigella infection and L-DBF vaccination follow different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Debaki R. Howlader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sayan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Zackary K. Dietz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Sean K. Whittier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - William D. Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Wendy L. Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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8
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Baker KS, Jauneikaite E, Hopkins KL, Lo SW, Sánchez-Busó L, Getino M, Howden BP, Holt KE, Musila LA, Hendriksen RS, Amoako DG, Aanensen DM, Okeke IN, Egyir B, Nunn JG, Midega JT, Feasey NA, Peacock SJ. Genomics for public health and international surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e1047-e1055. [PMID: 37977162 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Historically, epidemiological investigation and surveillance for bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has relied on low-resolution isolate-based phenotypic analyses undertaken at local and national reference laboratories. Genomic sequencing has the potential to provide a far more high-resolution picture of AMR evolution and transmission, and is already beginning to revolutionise how public health surveillance networks monitor and tackle bacterial AMR. However, the routine integration of genomics in surveillance pipelines still has considerable barriers to overcome. In 2022, a workshop series and online consultation brought together international experts in AMR and pathogen genomics to assess the status of genomic applications for AMR surveillance in a range of settings. Here we focus on discussions around the use of genomics for public health and international AMR surveillance, noting the potential advantages of, and barriers to, implementation, and proposing recommendations from the working group to help to drive the adoption of genomics in public health AMR surveillance. These recommendations include the need to build capacity for genome sequencing and analysis, harmonising and standardising surveillance systems, developing equitable data sharing and governance frameworks, and strengthening interactions and relationships among stakeholders at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Baker
- Department for Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Elita Jauneikaite
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie L Hopkins
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK; Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Stephanie W Lo
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Busó
- Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain; CIBERESP, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Getino
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- The Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lillian A Musila
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David M Aanensen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Iruka N Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana, West Africa
| | - Jamie G Nunn
- Infectious Disease Challenge Area, Wellcome Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Nicholas A Feasey
- Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Malawi
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9
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Stenhouse GE, Keddy KH, Bengtsson RJ, Hall N, Smith AM, Thomas J, Iturriza-Gómara M, Baker KS. The genomic epidemiology of shigellosis in South Africa. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7715. [PMID: 38001075 PMCID: PMC10673971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis, a leading cause of diarrhoeal mortality and morbidity globally, predominantly affects children under five years of age living in low- and middle-income countries. While whole genome sequence analysis (WGSA) has been effectively used to further our understanding of shigellosis epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and transmission, it has been under-utilised in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we applied WGSA to large sub-sample of surveillance isolates from South Africa, collected from 2011 to 2015, focussing on Shigella flexneri 2a and Shigella sonnei. We find each serotype is epidemiologically distinct. The four identified S. flexneri 2a clusters having distinct geographical distributions, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence profiles, while the four sub-Clades of S. sonnei varied in virulence plasmid retention. Our results support serotype specific lifestyles as a driver for epidemiological differences, show AMR is not required for epidemiological success in S. flexneri, and that the HIV epidemic may have promoted Shigella population expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Stenhouse
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Rebecca J Bengtsson
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neil Hall
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UZ, Norwich, UK
| | - Anthony M Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gómara
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kate S Baker
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CB23EH, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Torraca V, Brokatzky D, Miles SL, Chong CE, De Silva PM, Baker S, Jenkins C, Holt KE, Baker KS, Mostowy S. Shigella Serotypes Associated With Carriage in Humans Establish Persistent Infection in Zebrafish. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1108-1118. [PMID: 37556724 PMCID: PMC10582909 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella represents a paraphyletic group of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. More than 40 Shigella serotypes have been reported. However, most cases within the men who have sex with men (MSM) community are attributed to 3 serotypes: Shigella sonnei unique serotype and Shigella flexneri 2a and 3a serotypes. Using the zebrafish model, we demonstrate that Shigella can establish persistent infection in vivo. Bacteria are not cleared by the immune system and become antibiotic tolerant. Establishment of persistent infection depends on the O-antigen, a key constituent of the bacterial surface and a serotype determinant. Representative isolates associated with MSM transmission persist in zebrafish, while representative isolates of a serotype not associated with MSM transmission do not. Isolates of a Shigella serotype establishing persistent infections elicited significantly less macrophage death in vivo than isolates of a serotype unable to persist. We conclude that zebrafish are a valuable platform to illuminate factors underlying establishment of Shigella persistent infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Torraca
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Brokatzky
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sydney L Miles
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Chong
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Malaka De Silva
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate S Baker
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Ayele B, Beyene G, Alemayehu M, Dekebo A, Mekonnen Z, Nigussie G. Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Resistant Features of Shigella Species in East Africa from 2015-2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2023; 2023:8277976. [PMID: 37692062 PMCID: PMC10492654 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8277976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shigellosis is the most common cause of epidemic dysentery found worldwide, particularly in developing countries, where it causes infant diarrhea and mortality. The prevalence of Shigella species resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs has steadily increased. The purpose of this review is to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics of Shigella species in East Africa between 2015 and 2022. Methods Studies were identified using a computerized search of Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases, with a detailed search strategy and cross-checking of reference lists for studies published between 2015 and 2022. Articles presenting data on prevalence and AMR, accessibility of the full-length article, and publication dates between 2015 and 2022 were the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Original research reports written in English were considered. The heterogeneities of the studies were examined, and a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence and AMR using a random effects model. Results The pooled prevalence of Shigella species in East Africa was 6.2% (95% CI -0.20-12.60), according to an analysis of 22 studies. Shigella species prevalence was 4.0% in Ethiopia, 14.6% in Kenya, 0.7% in Sudan, 5.2% in South Sudan, and 20.6% in Somalia. The association of Shigella infection significantly varied among the countries (p = 0.01). Among the antibiotics tested, most Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, and ceftriaxone. Despite the fact that the reports varied in study sites and time, Shigella species were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole. Conclusion The pooled estimate indicates high burden of Shigella infection in East Africa, as well as a high proportion of drug resistance pattern to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and amoxicillin. Therefore, initiating and scale-up of performing drug susceptibility test for each shigellosis case need to be considered and strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basha Ayele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, P.O. Box: 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institution of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Getenet Beyene
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institution of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Aman Dekebo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institution of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Nigussie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
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12
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Ayele B, Mekonnen Z, Sisay Tessema T, Adamu E, Tsige E, Beyene G. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Shigella Species among Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Selected Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:5379881. [PMID: 37600752 PMCID: PMC10435301 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5379881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Shigella and parasitic infections are common public health problems throughout the world. Shigellosis is an acute gastroenteritis infection and one of Ethiopia's most common causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five. High resistance rates to commonly used antibiotic agents have been documented in different locations in Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial features of the Shigella species isolated from children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Using a cross-sectional study, freshly passed fecal specimens were collected for intestinal parasite and bacterial isolation. Fecal samples for bacterial identification were placed immediately in Cary-Blair media and transported to the Ethiopian Public Health Institution (EPHI) laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AMST) was conducted using the disk diffusion method. Data were described using descriptive statistical tools. The association of independent and dependent variables was evaluated with logistic regression. A P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 8.2% with seven different species. Among the 534 stool-cultured specimens, 47 (8.8%) were positive for Shigella species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AMST) showed that 100%, 93.6%, 80.9%, 72.3%, and 57.5% were susceptible to norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and cefoxitin, respectively. However, 100% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and erythromycin. More than 50% of the isolates were resistant to three and above antibiotics, while none of them were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. All risk factors assessed did not show a statistically significant association with Shigella infection. Conclusion The high levels of antibiotic resistance observed among the commonly prescribed antibiotics are alarming. The emerging resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid signals a severe public health threat in the management of shigellosis. Raising awareness about resistance and educating health professionals, policymakers, and the public can help improve the quality of patient care and rational antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basha Ayele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Getenet Beyene
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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13
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Kadhim BA, Alqaseer K, Al-Ganahi SA. Identification and characterization of a novel lytic peptidoglycan transglycosylase (MltC) in Shigella dysenteriae. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00957-9. [PMID: 36973582 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis remains a worldwide health problem due to the lack of vaccines and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Shigella (S.) dysenteriae has rigid peptidoglycan (PG), and its tight regulation of biosynthesis and remodeling is essential for bacterial integrity. Lytic transglycosylases are highly conserved PG autolysins in bacteria that play essential roles in bacterial growth. However, their precise functions are obscure. We aimed to identify, clone, and express MltC, a unique autolysin in Escherichia (E.) coli C41 strain. The purification of recombinant MltC protein was performed using affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography methods. The PG enzymatic activity of MltC was investigated using Zymogram and Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled PG assays. Also, we aimed to detect its localization in bacterial fractions (cytoplasm and membrane) by western blot using specific polyclonal anti-MltC antibodies and its probable partners using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry applications. Purified MltC showed autolysin activity. Native MltC showed various locations in S. dysenteriae cells during different growth phases. In the Lag and early stationary phases, MltC was not found in cytoplasm and membrane fractions. However, it was detected in cytoplasm and membrane fractions during the exponential phase. In the late stationary phase, MltC was expressed in the membrane fraction only. Different candidate protein partners of MltC were identified that could be essential for bacterial growth and pathogenicity. This is the first study to suggest that MltC is indeed autolysin and could be a new drug target for the treatment of shigellosis by understanding its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baleegh A Kadhim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Kawther Alqaseer
- Department of Basic Science, College of Nursing, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Sura A Al-Ganahi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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14
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Fathi J, Amani J, Nazarian S, Hadi N, Mirhosseini SA, Ranjbar R, Abianeh HS. Investigate the immunogenic and protective effect of trivalent chimeric protein containing IpaD-StxB-TolC antigens as a vaccine candidate against S. dysenteri and S. flexneri. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106066. [PMID: 36924900 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND s: Shigella spp. causes bloody diarrhea and leads to death, especially in children. Chimeric proteins containing virulence factors can prevent Shigella infection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the immunogenic and protective effect of trivalent chimeric protein containing IpaD-StxB-TolC antigens against shiga toxin, S. dysenteri and S. flexneri in vitro and in vivo conditions. METHODS Recombinant vector was transferred to E. coli BL21. The expression of the chimeric protein was confirmed by SDS PAGE and purified using the Ni-NTA column. Mice were immunized with recombinant protein and antibody titer was evaluated by ELISA. 10, 25 and 50 LD50 of Shiga toxin neutralization was evaluated in vitro (Vero cell line) and in vivo conditions. Also, the challenge of immunized mice with 10, 25 and 50 LD50 of S. dysentery and S. flexneri was done. RESULTS The expression and purification of the recombinant protein with 60.6 kDa was done. ELISA showed increased antibody titer against the chimeric protein. MTT assay indicated that 1/8000 dilution of the sera had a 51% of cell viability against the toxin in Vero cell line. The challenge of mice immunized with toxin showed that the mice had complete protection against 10 and 25 LD50 of toxin and had 40% survival against 50 LD50. Mice receiving 10 and 25 LD50 of S. dysenteri and S. flexneri had 100% protection and in 50 LD50 the survival rate was 60 and 50%, respectively. Organ burden showed that the amount of bacterial colonization in immunized mice was 1 × 104 CFU/mL, which was significantly different from the control group. CONCLUSION This study showed that chimeric proteins can create favorable immunogenicity in the host as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Fathi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nahal Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samiei Abianeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Fa-Arun J, Huan YW, Darmon E, Wang B. Tail-Engineered Phage P2 Enables Delivery of Antimicrobials into Multiple Gut Pathogens. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:596-607. [PMID: 36731126 PMCID: PMC9942202 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages can be reprogrammed to deliver antimicrobials for therapeutic and biocontrol purposes and are a promising alternative treatment to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Here, we developed a bacteriophage P4 cosmid system for the delivery of a Cas9 antimicrobial into clinically relevant human gut pathogens Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Our P4 cosmid design produces a high titer of cosmid-transducing units without contamination by a helper phage. Further, we demonstrate that genetic engineering of the phage tail fiber improves the transduction efficiency of cosmid DNA in S. flexneri M90T as well as allows recognition of a nonnative host, E. coli O157:H7. We show that the transducing units with the chimeric tails enhanced the overall Cas9-mediated killing of both pathogens. This study demonstrates the potential of our P4 cas9 cosmid system as a DNA sequence-specific antimicrobial against clinically relevant gut pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapha Fa-Arun
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Wei Huan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Darmon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Baojun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom.,Research Center for Biological Computation, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
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16
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Huan YW, Fa-Arun J, Wang B. The Role of O-antigen in P1 Transduction of Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli with its Alternative S' Tail Fibre. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167829. [PMID: 36116540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacteria phage P1 expresses two types of tail fibre, S and S'. Despite the wide usage of phage P1 for transduction, the host range and the receptor for its alternative S' tail fibre was never determined. Here, a ΔS-cin Δpac E. coli P1 lysogenic strain was generated to allow packaging of phagemid DNA into P1 phage having either S or S' tail fibre. P1(S') could transduce phagemid DNA into Shigella flexneri 2a 2457O, Shigella flexneri 5a M90T and Escherichia coli O3 efficiently. Mutational analysis of the O-antigen assembly genes and LPS inhibition assays indicated that P1(S') transduction requires at least one O-antigen unit. E. coli O111:B4 LPS produced a high neutralising effect against P1(S') transduction, indicating that this E. coli strain could be susceptible to P1(S')-mediated transduction. Mutations in the O-antigen modification genes of S. flexneri 2a 2457O and S. flexneri 5a M90T did not cause significant changes to P1(S') transduction efficiency. A higher transduction efficiency of P1(S') improved the delivery of a cas9 antimicrobial phagemid into both S. flexneri 2457O and M90T. These findings provide novel insights into P1 tropism-switching, by identifying the bacterial strains which are susceptible to P1(S')-mediated transduction, as well as demonstrating its potential for delivering a DNA sequence-specific Cas9 antimicrobial into clinically relevant S. flexneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang W Huan
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Jidapha Fa-Arun
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Baojun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Centre of Biological Computation, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China.
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17
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Sun RY, Guo WY, Zhang JX, Wang MG, Wang LL, Lian XL, Ke BX, Sun J, Ke CW, Liu YH, Liao XP, Fang LX. Phylogenomic analysis of Salmonella Indiana ST17, an emerging MDR clonal group in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2937-2945. [PMID: 35880764 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reconstruct the genomic epidemiology and evolution of MDR Salmonella Indiana in China. METHODS A total of 108 Salmonella Indiana strains were collected from humans and livestock in China. All isolates were subjected to WGS and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary analyses were conducted using WGS data from this study and the NCBI database. RESULTS Almost all 108 Salmonella Indiana strains displayed the MDR phenotype. Importantly, 84 isolates possessed concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. WGS analysis revealed that class 1 integrons on the chromosome and IncHI2 plasmids were the key vectors responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) [including ESBL and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes] transmission among Salmonella Indiana. The 108 Salmonella Indiana dataset displayed a relatively large core genome and ST17 was the predominant ST. Moreover, the global ST17 Salmonella Indiana strains could be divided into five distinct lineages, each of which was significantly associated with a geographical distribution. Genomic analysis revealed multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants and QRDR mutations in Chinese lineages, which almost did not occur in other global lineages. Using molecular clock analysis, we hypothesized that ST17 isolates have existed since 1956 and underwent a major population expansion from the 1980s to the 2000s and the genetic diversity started to decrease around 2011, probably due to geographical barriers, antimicrobial selective pressure and MDR, favouring the establishment of this prevalent multiple antibiotic-resistant lineage and local epidemics. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that adaptation to antimicrobial pressure was possibly pivotal in the recent evolutionary trajectory for the clonal spread of ST17 Salmonella Indiana in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Yang Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wen Ying Guo
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ji Xing Zhang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Min Ge Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lei Lian
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bi Xia Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chang Wen Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ya Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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18
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Nasrin S, Haque MA, Palit P, Das R, Mahfuz M, Faruque ASG, Ahmed T. Incidence of Asymptomatic Shigella Infection and Association with the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure among Children Aged 1–24 Months in Low-Resource Settings. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050607. [PMID: 35629275 PMCID: PMC9147227 DOI: 10.3390/life12050607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic or subclinical infection by diarrheal enteropathogens during childhood has been linked to poor health and nutritional outcomes. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of asymptomatic Shigella infection on different forms of childhood malnutrition including the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF). We used data from 1715 children enrolled in the multi-country birth cohort study, MAL-ED, from November 2009 to February 2012. Monthly non-diarrheal stools were collected and assessed using TaqMan Array Cards (TAC). Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rates of asymptomatic Shigella infection. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the association between asymptomatic Shigella infection and nutritional indicators after adjusting for relevant covariates. Incidence rates per 100 child-months were higher in Tanzania, Bangladesh and Peru. Overall, after adjusting for relevant covariates, asymptomatic Shigella infection was significantly associated with stunting (aOR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.70), wasting (aOR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.46), underweight (aOR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.56), and CIAF (aOR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.65) in all the study sites except for Brazil. The high incidence rates of asymptomatic Shigella infection underscore the immediate need for Shigella vaccines to avert the long-term sequelae involving childhood growth.
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