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Odiba AS, Ezechukwu CS, Liao G, Hong Y, Fang W, Jin C, Gartner A, Wang B. SMC-5/6 complex subunit NSE-1 plays a crucial role in meiosis and DNA repair in Caenorhabditis elegans. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 137:103669. [PMID: 38507953 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The SMC5/6 complex is evolutionarily conserved across all eukaryotes and plays a pivotal role in preserving genomic stability. Mutations in genes encoding SMC5/6 complex subunits have been associated with human lung disease, immunodeficiency, and chromosome breakage syndrome. Despite its critical importance, much about the SMC5/6 complex remains to be elucidated. Various evidences have suggested possible role of a subunit of the SMC5/6 complex, NSE1, in chromosome segregation and DNA repair. Current knowledge regarding the role of NSE1 is primarily derived from single-cell-based analyses in yeasts, Arabidopsis thaliana, and human cell lines. However, our understanding of its function is still limited and requires further investigation. This study delves into the role of nse-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, revealing its involvement in meiotic recombination and DNA repair. nse-1 mutants display reduced fertility, increased male incidence, and increased sensitivity to genotoxic chemicals due to defects in meiotic chromosome segregation and DNA repair. These defects manifest as increased accumulation of RAD-51 foci, increased chromosome fragmentation, and susceptibility to MMS, cisplatin, and HU. Furthermore, nse-1 mutation exacerbates germ cell death by upregulating ced-13 and egl-1 genes involved in the CEP-1/p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. NSE-1 is essential for the proper localization of NSE-4 and MAGE-1 on the chromosomes. Collectively, these findings firmly establish nse-1 as a crucial factor in maintaining genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arome Solomon Odiba
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Guiyan Liao
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenxia Fang
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Anton Gartner
- IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Department for Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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Min H, Kim J, Lee M, Kang S, Shim YH. Methionine Supplementation Alleviates the Germ Cell Apoptosis Increased by Maternal Caffeine Intake in a C. elegans Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:894. [PMID: 38542805 PMCID: PMC10974396 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a widely consumed bioactive substance worldwide. Our recent study showed that a reduction in both reproduction and yolk protein production (vitellogenesis) caused by caffeine intake were improved by vitamin B12 supplementation, which is an essential co-factor in methionine metabolism. In the current study, we investigated the role of methionine in the reproduction of caffeine-ingested animals (CIAs). We assessed the effect of methionine metabolism on CIAs and found that caffeine intake decreased both methionine levels and essential enzymes related to the methionine cycle. Furthermore, we found that the caffeine-induced impairment of methionine metabolism decreased vitellogenesis and increased germ cell apoptosis in an LIN-35/RB-dependent manner. Interestingly, the increased germ cell apoptosis was restored to normal levels by methionine supplementation in CIAs. These results indicate that methionine supplementation plays a beneficial role in germ cell health and offspring development by regulating vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (J.K.); (M.L.); (S.K.)
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Godthi A, Min S, Das S, Cruz-Corchado J, Deonarine A, Misel-Wuchter K, Issuree PD, Prahlad V. Neuronal IL-17 controls Caenorhabditis elegans developmental diapause through CEP-1/p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315248121. [PMID: 38483995 PMCID: PMC10963014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315248121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
During metazoan development, how cell division and metabolic programs are coordinated with nutrient availability remains unclear. Here, we show that nutrient availability signaled by the neuronal cytokine, ILC-17.1, switches Caenorhabditis elegans development between reproductive growth and dormancy by controlling the activity of the tumor suppressor p53 ortholog, CEP-1. Specifically, upon food availability, ILC-17.1 signaling by amphid neurons promotes glucose utilization and suppresses CEP-1/p53 to allow growth. In the absence of ILC-17.1, CEP-1/p53 is activated, up-regulates cell-cycle inhibitors, decreases phosphofructokinase and cytochrome C expression, and causes larvae to arrest as stress-resistant, quiescent dauers. We propose a model whereby ILC-17.1 signaling links nutrient availability and energy metabolism to cell cycle progression through CEP-1/p53. These studies describe ancestral functions of IL-17 s and the p53 family of proteins and are relevant to our understanding of neuroimmune mechanisms in cancer. They also reveal a DNA damage-independent function of CEP-1/p53 in invertebrate development and support the existence of a previously undescribed C. elegans dauer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishiktha Godthi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Sehee Min
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Johnny Cruz-Corchado
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Andrew Deonarine
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Kara Misel-Wuchter
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Priya D. Issuree
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
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Wang P, Chen L, Wang N, Miao L, Zhao Y. Mitochondrial defects triggered by amg-1 mutation elicit UPRmt and phagocytic clearance during spermatogenesis in C. elegans. Development 2024; 151:dev202165. [PMID: 38224006 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of many biological processes. During spermatogenesis, post-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial gene expression is mediated by nuclear-encoded mitochondrial RNA-binding proteins (mtRBPs). We identified AMG-1 as an mtRBP required for reproductive success in Caenorhabditis elegans. amg-1 mutation led to defects in mitochondrial structure and sperm budding, resulting in mitochondria being discarded into residual bodies, which ultimately delayed spermatogenesis in the proximal gonad. In addition, mitochondrial defects triggered the gonadal mitochondrial unfolded protein response and phagocytic clearance to ensure spermatogenesis but ultimately failed to rescue hermaphroditic fertility. These findings reveal a previously undiscovered role for AMG-1 in regulating C. elegans spermatogenesis, in which mitochondrial-damaged sperm prevented the transmission of defective mitochondria to mature sperm by budding and phagocytic clearance, a process which may also exist in the reproductive systems of higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianwan Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Miao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Biological Imaging , Core Facilities for Protein Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Odiba AS, Liao G, Ezechukwu CS, Zhang L, Hong Y, Fang W, Jin C, Gartner A, Wang B. Caenorhabditis elegans NSE3 homolog (MAGE-1) is involved in genome stability and acts in inter-sister recombination during meiosis. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad149. [PMID: 37579186 PMCID: PMC10691751 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma antigen (MAGE) genes encode for a family of proteins that share a common MAGE homology domain. These genes are conserved in eukaryotes and have been linked to a variety of cellular and developmental processes including ubiquitination and oncogenesis in cancer. Current knowledge on the MAGE family of proteins mainly comes from the analysis of yeast and human cell lines, and their functions have not been reported at an organismal level in animals. Caenorhabditis elegans only encodes 1 known MAGE gene member, mage-1 (NSE3 in yeast), forming part of the SMC-5/6 complex. Here, we characterize the role of mage-1/nse-3 in mitosis and meiosis in C. elegans. mage-1/nse-3 has a role in inter-sister recombination repair during meiotic recombination and for preserving chromosomal integrity upon treatment with a variety of DNA-damaging agents. MAGE-1 directly interacts with NSE-1 and NSE-4. In contrast to smc-5, smc-6, and nse-4 mutants which cause the loss of NSE-1 nuclear localization and strong cytoplasmic accumulation, mage-1/nse-3 mutants have a reduced level of NSE-1::GFP, remnant NSE-1::GFP being partially nuclear but largely cytoplasmic. Our data suggest that MAGE-1 is essential for NSE-1 stability and the proper functioning of the SMC-5/6 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arome Solomon Odiba
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guiyan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Chiemekam Samuel Ezechukwu
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenxia Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Anton Gartner
- IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Department for Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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Flowers S, Kothari R, Torres Cleuren YN, Alcorn MR, Ewe CK, Alok G, Fiallo SL, Joshi PM, Rothman JH. Regulation of defective mitochondrial DNA accumulation and transmission in C. elegans by the programmed cell death and aging pathways. eLife 2023; 12:e79725. [PMID: 37782016 PMCID: PMC10545429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The heteroplasmic state of eukaryotic cells allows for cryptic accumulation of defective mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). 'Purifying selection' mechanisms operate to remove such dysfunctional mtDNAs. We found that activators of programmed cell death (PCD), including the CED-3 and CSP-1 caspases, the BH3-only protein CED-13, and PCD corpse engulfment factors, are required in C. elegans to attenuate germline abundance of a 3.1-kb mtDNA deletion mutation, uaDf5, which is normally stably maintained in heteroplasmy with wildtype mtDNA. In contrast, removal of CED-4/Apaf1 or a mutation in the CED-4-interacting prodomain of CED-3, do not increase accumulation of the defective mtDNA, suggesting induction of a non-canonical germline PCD mechanism or non-apoptotic action of the CED-13/caspase axis. We also found that the abundance of germline mtDNAuaDf5 reproducibly increases with age of the mothers. This effect is transmitted to the offspring of mothers, with only partial intergenerational removal of the defective mtDNA. In mutants with elevated mtDNAuaDf5 levels, this removal is enhanced in older mothers, suggesting an age-dependent mechanism of mtDNA quality control. Indeed, we found that both steady-state and age-dependent accumulation rates of uaDf5 are markedly decreased in long-lived, and increased in short-lived, mutants. These findings reveal that regulators of both PCD and the aging program are required for germline mtDNA quality control and its intergenerational transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagen Flowers
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Rushali Kothari
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Yamila N Torres Cleuren
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
- Computational Biology Unit, Institute for Informatics, University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Melissa R Alcorn
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Chee Kiang Ewe
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Geneva Alok
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Samantha L Fiallo
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Pradeep M Joshi
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Joel H Rothman
- Department of MCD Biology and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
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Ma T, Pan X, Wang T, Li X, Luo Y. Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Nematodes. Toxics 2023; 11:593. [PMID: 37505559 PMCID: PMC10385831 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of compounds that persist in the environment globally. Besides being transported to the soil and sediments, which act as their sinks, PFASs can be transferred to several species of higher organisms directly or via bacteria, eliciting a wide range of adverse effects. Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used in toxicological studies and life science research owing to its numerous advantages over traditional vertebrate models; notably, C. elegans has 65% conserved human-disease-associated genes and does not require ethical approvals for experimental use. This review covers a range of topics, from reported accumulation characteristics and lethal concentrations of PFAS in C. elegans to the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PFAS at different levels, including reproductive, developmental, cellular, neurologic, oxidative, metabolic, immune, and endocrine toxicities. Additionally, the toxicity levels of some PFAS substitutes are summarized. Lastly, we discuss the toxicological mechanisms of these PFAS substitutes and the importance and promising potential of nematodes as in vivo models for life science research, epidemiological studies (obesity, aging, and Alzheimer's disease research), and toxicological investigations of PFASs and other emerging pollutants compared with other soil animals or model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ma
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocation College, Wenzhou 325002, China
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xia Pan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocation College, Wenzhou 325002, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Haynes CM, Hekimi S. Mitochondrial dysfunction, aging, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2022; 222:iyac160. [PMID: 36342845 PMCID: PMC9713405 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the findings that establish that perturbations of various aspects of mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation, can promote lifespan extension, with different types of perturbations acting sometimes independently and additively on extending lifespan. We also review the great variety of processes and mechanisms that together form the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We then explore the relationships between different types of mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent lifespan extension and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We conclude that, although several ways that induce extended lifespan through mitochondrial dysfunction require a functional mitochondrial unfolded protein response, there is no clear indication that activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is sufficient to extend lifespan, despite the fact that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response impacts almost every aspect of mitochondrial function. In fact, in some contexts, mitochondrial unfolded protein response activation is deleterious. To explain this pattern, we hypothesize that, although triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction, the lifespan extension observed might not be the result of a change in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole M Haynes
- Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass-Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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Canar J, Manandhar-Sasaki P, Bargonetti J. Mutant C. elegans p53 Together with Gain-of-Function GLP-1/Notch Decreases UVC-Damage-Induced Germline Cell Death but Increases PARP Inhibitor-Induced Germline Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4929. [PMID: 36230851 PMCID: PMC9563635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 gene is mutated in over 50% of human cancers, and the C. elegansp53-1(cep-1) gene encodes the ortholog CEP-1. CEP-1 is activated by ultraviolet type C (UVC)-induced DNA damage and activates genes that induce germline apoptosis. UVC treatment of gain-of-function glp-1(ar202gf)/Notch tumorous animals reduces germline stem cell numbers (and overall tumor size), while UVC treatment of double-mutant cep-1/p53(gk138);glp-1/Notch(ar202gf) increases DNA damage adducts and stem cell tumor volume. We compared UVC-induced mitotic stem cell death and animal lifespans for the two different C. elegans tumorous strains. C. elegans stem cell compartment death has never been observed, and we used engulfed small stem cells, notable by green fluorescent puncta, to count cell death events. We found UVC treatment of glp-1(ar202gf) animals increased stem cell death and increased lifespan. However, UVC treatment of double-mutant cep-1/p53(gk138);glp-1/Notch(ar202gf) animals decreased stem cell death, increased tumor volume, and decreased animal lifespan. There are pharmacological agents that induce p53-independent cell death of human cells in culture; and two notable protocols are the PARP-trapping agents of temozolomide plus talazoparib and the nucleoside analogue 8-amino-adenosine. It is important to determine ways to rapidly test for pharmacological agents able to induce p53-independent cell death. We tested feeding cep-1/p53(gk138);glp-1/Notch(ar202gf) nematodes with either 8-amino-adenosine or temozolomide plus talazoparib and found both were able to decrease tumor volume. This is the first comparison for p53-independent responses in cep-1/p53(gk138);glp-1/Notch(ar202gf) animals and showed UVC DNA damage increased tumor volume and decreased lifespan while PARP inhibition decreased tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Canar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Prima Manandhar-Sasaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Macaulay Honors College at Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center, Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Cao W, Pocock R. Mechanisms of germ cell survival and plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Soc Trans 2022:BST20220878. [PMID: 36196981 DOI: 10.1042/BST20220878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animals constantly encounter environmental and physiological stressors that threaten survival and fertility. Somatic stress responses and germ cell arrest/repair mechanisms are employed to withstand such challenges. The Caenorhabditis elegans germline combats stress by initiating mitotic germ cell quiescence to preserve genome integrity, and by removing meiotic germ cells to prevent inheritance of damaged DNA or to tolerate lack of germline nutrient supply. Here, we review examples of germline recovery from distinct stressors - acute starvation and defective splicing - where quiescent mitotic germ cells resume proliferation to repopulate a germ line following apoptotic removal of meiotic germ cells. These protective mechanisms reveal the plastic nature of germline stem cells.
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11
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Sang L, Dong R, Liu R, Hao Q, Bai W, Sun J. Caenorhabditis elegans NHR-14/HNF4α regulates DNA damage-induced apoptosis through cooperating with cep-1/p53. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:135. [PMID: 36050770 PMCID: PMC9438139 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear hormone receptors are involved in transcriptional regulation and many important cellular processes including development and metabolism. However, its role in DNA damage-induced apoptosis remains elusive. Methods Synchronized young adult animals were irradiated with different doses of gamma-Ray, and then put back to culture at 20 °C. Germline cell apoptosis was scored at different time point. Results Deletion of nhr-14 led to decreased DNA damage-induced germline apoptosis, but not the physiological programmed cell death. We also demonstrate that nhr-14 functions downstream of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Moreover, we show that nhr-14 regulates egl-1 and ced-13 transcription upon DNA damage. Mechanistically, NHR-14 forms a complex with CEP-1/p53 and binds directly to the egl-1 promoter to promote egl-1 transcription.. Conclusions Our results indicate that NHR-14/HNF4α cooperates with CEP-1/p53 to regulate DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Graphic abstract ![]()
Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00920-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qinggang Hao
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiyu Bai
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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Odiba AS, Ezechukwu CS, Liao G, Li S, Chen Z, Liu X, Fang W, Jin C, Wang B. Loss of NSE-4 Perturbs Genome Stability and DNA Repair in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137202. [PMID: 35806213 PMCID: PMC9266361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complex plays an important role in maintaining chromosome integrity, in which the SMC5/6 complex occupies a central position by facilitating mitotic and meiotic processes as well as DNA repair. NSE-4 Kleisin is critical for both the organization and function of the SMC5/6 complex, bridging NSE1 and NSE3 (MAGE related) with the head domains of the SMC5 and SMC6 proteins. Despite the conservation in protein sequence, no functional relevance of the NSE-4 homologous protein (NSE-4) in Caenorhabditis elegans has been reported. Here, we demonstrated the essential role of C. elegans NSE-4 in genome maintenance and DNA repair. Our results showed that NSE-4 is essential for the maintenance of chromosomal structure and repair of a range of chemically induced DNA damage. Furthermore, NSE-4 is involved in inter-sister repair during meiosis. NSE-4 localizes on the chromosome and is indispensable for the localization of NSE-1. Collectively, our data from this study provide further insight into the evolutionary conservation and diversification of NSE-4 function in the SMC-5/6 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arome Solomon Odiba
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.O.); (C.S.E.); (S.L.); (W.F.); (C.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Chiemekam Samuel Ezechukwu
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.O.); (C.S.E.); (S.L.); (W.F.); (C.J.)
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Guiyan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.O.); (C.S.E.); (S.L.); (W.F.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Siqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.O.); (C.S.E.); (S.L.); (W.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xihui Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Wenxia Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.O.); (C.S.E.); (S.L.); (W.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.O.); (C.S.E.); (S.L.); (W.F.); (C.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.O.); (C.S.E.); (S.L.); (W.F.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.C.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (B.W.)
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13
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Ni S, Zhang H, Sun L, Zhao Y, Pei C, Nie Y, Liu X, Wu L, Xu A. Transgenerational reproductive toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its metabolite 4-ADNT in Caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 92:103865. [PMID: 35436606 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as an energetic compound widely used in military applications has aroused great concerns in recent years due to its large-scale contamination in soil and water; however, its toxicity is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the reproductive toxicity and the transgenerational effects of TNT on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Our data showed that exposure to TNT at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 ng/mL resulted in decreasing the lifespan, brood size, number of oocytes and eggs in uterus, while increasing the number of germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans. The apoptotic effects of TNT were blocked in mutants of cep-1 (w40), egl-1 (n487), and hus-1 (op241), indicating conserved genotoxic response genes was involved in mediating TNT-induced germ cell apoptosis. Parental exposure to TNT significantly increased the germ cell apoptosis from P0 to F2 generation, but the toxicity faded away in F3 and F4 generations. Furthermore, TNT was rapidly metabolized in P0, and the accumulation of 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), the main metabolite of TNT in C. elegans, showed a significant decrease from P0 to F1 and a slow decrease in the subsequent generations. Our results demonstrated that ingested TNT can cause severe transgenerational reproductive toxicity and be rapidly converted to 4-ADNT in the nematodes. These data provided basis for future studies on the effects of energetic compounds across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyao Ni
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lingyan Sun
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Pei
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
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14
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Cao W, Tran C, Archer SK, Gopal S, Pocock R. Functional recovery of the germ line following splicing collapse. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:772-787. [PMID: 34663906 PMCID: PMC8991207 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing introns from precursor-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcripts is essential for translating functional proteins. Here, we report that the previously uncharacterized Caenorhabditis elegans protein MOG-7 acts as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Depleting MOG-7 from the C. elegans germ line causes intron retention in most germline-expressed genes, impeding the germ cell cycle, and causing defects in nuclear morphology, germ cell identity and sterility. Despite the deleterious consequences caused by MOG-7 loss, the adult germ line can functionally recover to produce viable and fertile progeny when MOG-7 is restored. Germline recovery is dependent on a burst of apoptosis that likely clears defective germ cells, and viable gametes generated from the proliferation of germ cells in the progenitor zone. Together, these findings reveal that MOG-7 is essential for germ cell development, and that the germ line can functionally recover after a collapse in RNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Christopher Tran
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Stuart K. Archer
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Sandeep Gopal
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
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15
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Vaddavalli PL, Schumacher B. The p53 network: cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in cancer and aging. Trends Genet 2022:S0168-9525(22)00037-3. [PMID: 35346511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor protein TP53 gene, encoding the cellular tumor antigen p53, is the single most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. p53 plays a central role in responding to DNA damage and determines the outcome of the DNA damage checkpoint response by regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. As a consequence of this function, dysfunctional p53 results in cells that, despite a damaged genome, continue to proliferate thus fueling malignant transformation. New insights have recently been gained into the complexity of the p53 regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and how it impacts a wide variety of cellular processes. In addition to cell-autonomous signaling mechanisms, non-cell-autonomous regulatory inputs influence p53 activity, which in turn can have systemic consequences on the organism. New inroads have also been made toward therapeutic targeting of p53 that for a long time has been anticipated.
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16
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Soltanmohammadi N, Wang S, Schumacher B. Somatic PMK-1/p38 signaling links environmental stress to germ cell apoptosis and heritable euploidy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:701. [PMID: 35121747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inheritance of stable and euploid genomes is a prerequisite for species maintenance. The DNA damage response in germ cells controls the integrity of heritable genomes. Whether and how somatic stress responses impact the quality control of germline genomes has remained unclear. Here, we show that PMK-1/p38-mediated stress signaling in intestinal cells is required for germ cell apoptosis amid ionizing radiation (IR)-induced or meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in C. elegans. We demonstrate that intestinal PMK-1/p38 signaling regulates the germ cell death in response to environmental stress. The PMK-1/p38 target SYSM-1 is secreted from the intestine into the germline to trigger apoptosis of meiotic pachytene cells. Compromised PMK-1/p38 signaling in intestinal cells leads to stress-induced aneuploidy in the consequent generation. Our data suggest that somatic stress surveillance controls heritable genome integrity and euploidy.
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17
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Cheng W, Yang X, Xue H, Huang D, Cai M, Huang F, Zheng L, Yu Z, Zhang J. Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans. Cells 2022; 11:401. [PMID: 35159211 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising alternative to currently available nematicides, and it exhibits equivalent control efficiency on root-knot nematodes with avermectin in fields. However, its effect on the reproduction of root-knot nematode is poorly understood. In this study, the natural metabolite FAc was found to exhibit reproductive toxicity on Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans. The number of germ cells of C. elegans was observed to decrease after exposure to FAc, with a reduction of 59.9% at a dose of 200 mg/L. FAc in various concentrations induced the germ-cell apoptosis of C. elegans, with an increase over six-fold in the number of apoptotic germ cells at 200 mg/L. These findings suggested that FAc decreased the brood size of nematode by inducing germ-cell apoptosis. Moreover, FAc-induced germ-cell apoptosis was suppressed by the mutation of gene hus-1, clk-2, cep-1, egl-1, ced-3, ced-4, or ced-9. The expression of genes spo-11, cep-1, and egl-1 in C. elegans was increased significantly after FAc treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that nematode exposure to FAc might inflict DNA damage through protein SPO-11, activate CEP-1 and EGL-1, and induce the core apoptosis pathway to cause germ-cell apoptosis, resulting in decreased brood size of C. elegans.
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18
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Fausett S, Poullet N, Gimond C, Vielle A, Bellone M, Braendle C. Germ cell apoptosis is critical to maintain Caenorhabditis elegans offspring viability in stressful environments. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260573. [PMID: 34879088 PMCID: PMC8654231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining reproduction in highly variable, often stressful, environments is an essential challenge for all organisms. Even transient exposure to mild environmental stress may directly damage germ cells or simply tax the physiology of an individual, making it difficult to produce quality gametes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a large fraction of germ cells acts as nurse cells, supporting developing oocytes before eventually undergoing so-called physiological germ cell apoptosis. Although C. elegans apoptosis has been extensively studied, little is known about how germline apoptosis is influenced by ecologically relevant environmental stress. Moreover, it remains unclear to what extent germline apoptosis contributes to maintaining oocyte quality, and thus offspring viability, in such conditions. Here we show that exposure to diverse environmental stressors, likely occurring in the natural C. elegans habitat (starvation, ethanol, acid, and mild oxidative stress), increases germline apoptosis, consistent with previous reports on stress-induced apoptosis. Using loss-of-function mutant alleles of ced-3 and ced-4, we demonstrate that eliminating the core apoptotic machinery strongly reduces embryonic survival when mothers are exposed to such environmental stressors during early adult life. In contrast, mutations in ced-9 and egl-1 that primarily block apoptosis in the soma but not in the germline, did not exhibit such reduced embryonic survival under environmental stress. Therefore, C. elegans germ cell apoptosis plays an essential role in maintaining offspring fitness in adverse environments. Finally, we show that ced-3 and ced-4 mutants exhibit concomitant decreases in embryo size and changes in embryo shape when mothers are exposed to environmental stress. These observations may indicate inadequate oocyte provisioning due to the absence of germ cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results show that the central genes of the apoptosis pathway play a key role in maintaining gamete quality, and thus offspring fitness, under ecologically relevant environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fausett
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Anne Vielle
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IBV, Nice, France
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19
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Suehiro Y, Yoshina S, Motohashi T, Iwata S, Dejima K, Mitani S. Efficient collection of a large number of mutations by mutagenesis of DNA damage response defective animals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7630. [PMID: 33828169 PMCID: PMC8027614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of massive parallel sequencing technology, it has become easier to establish new model organisms that are ideally suited to the specific biological phenomena of interest. Considering the history of research using classical model organisms, we believe that the efficient construction and sharing of gene mutation libraries will facilitate the progress of studies using these new model organisms. Using C. elegans, we applied the TMP/UV mutagenesis method to animals lacking function in the DNA damage response genes atm-1 and xpc-1. This method produces genetic mutations three times more efficiently than mutagenesis of wild-type animals. Furthermore, we confirmed that the use of next-generation sequencing and the elimination of false positives through machine learning could automate the process of mutation identification with an accuracy of over 95%. Eventually, we sequenced the whole genomes of 488 strains and isolated 981 novel mutations generated by the present method; these strains have been made available to anyone who wants to use them. Since the targeted DNA damage response genes are well conserved and the mutagens used in this study are also effective in a variety of species, we believe that our method is generally applicable to a wide range of animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suehiro
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Motohashi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwata
- Chubu University Center for Education in Laboratory Animal Research, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Dejima
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Surveillance of DNA damage and maintenance of lipid metabolism are critical factors for general cellular homeostasis. We discovered that in response to DNA damage–inducing UV light exposure, intact Caenorhabditis elegans accumulate intracellular lipids in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in intracellular lipids in response to exposure to UV light utilizes mafr-1, a negative regulator of RNA polymerase III and the apical kinases atm-1 and atl-1 of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In the absence of exposure to UV light, the genetic ablation of mafr-1 results in the activation of the DDR, including increased intracellular lipid accumulation, phosphorylation of ATM/ATR target proteins, and expression of the Bcl-2 homology region genes, egl-1 and ced-13. Taken together, our results reveal mafr-1 as a component the DDR pathway response to regulating lipid homeostasis following exposure to UV genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Hammerquist
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Wilber Escorcia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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21
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Abstract
DNA must be accurately copied and propagated from one cell division to the next, and from one generation to the next. To ensure the faithful transmission of the genome, a plethora of distinct as well as overlapping DNA repair and recombination pathways have evolved. These pathways repair a large variety of lesions, including alterations to single nucleotides and DNA single and double-strand breaks, that are generated as a consequence of normal cellular function or by external DNA damaging agents. In addition to the proteins that mediate DNA repair, checkpoint pathways have also evolved to monitor the genome and coordinate the action of various repair pathways. Checkpoints facilitate repair by mediating a transient cell cycle arrest, or through initiation of cell suicide if DNA damage has overwhelmed repair capacity. In this chapter, we describe the attributes of Caenorhabditis elegans that facilitate analyses of DNA repair, recombination, and checkpoint signaling in the context of a whole animal. We review the current knowledge of C. elegans DNA repair, recombination, and DNA damage response pathways, and their role during development, growth, and in the germ line. We also discuss how the analysis of mutational signatures in C. elegans is helping to inform cancer mutational signatures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gartner
- Department for Biological Sciences, IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
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22
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Deng J, Bai X, Tang H, Pang S. DNA damage promotes ER stress resistance through elevation of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100095. [PMID: 33208465 PMCID: PMC7949029 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage triggers the cellular adaptive response to arrest proliferation and repair DNA damage; when damage is too severe to be repaired, apoptosis is initiated to prevent the spread of genomic insults. However, how cells endure DNA damage to maintain cell function remains largely unexplored. By using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we report that DNA damage elicits cell maintenance programs, including the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). Mechanistically, sublethal DNA damage unexpectedly suppresses apoptotic genes in C. elegans, which in turn increases the activity of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1/X-box binding protein 1 (IRE-1/XBP-1) branch of the UPRER by elevating unsaturated phosphatidylcholine. In addition, UPRER activation requires silencing of the lipid regulator skinhead-1 (SKN-1). DNA damage suppresses SKN-1 activity to increase unsaturated phosphatidylcholine and activate UPRER. These findings reveal the UPRER activation as an organismal adaptive response that is important to maintain cell function during DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiqing Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shanshan Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Gebel J, Tuppi M, Sänger N, Schumacher B, Dötsch V. DNA Damaged Induced Cell Death in Oocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235714. [PMID: 33287328 PMCID: PMC7730327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of haploid gametes through meiosis is central to the principle of sexual reproduction. The genetic diversity is further enhanced by exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes by the crossover mechanism. This mechanism not only requires correct pairing of homologous chromosomes but also efficient repair of the induced DNA double-strand breaks. Oocytes have evolved a unique quality control system that eliminates cells if chromosomes do not correctly align or if DNA repair is not possible. Central to this monitoring system that is conserved from nematodes and fruit fly to humans is the p53 protein family, and in vertebrates in particular p63. In mammals, oocytes are stored for a long time in the prophase of meiosis I which, in humans, can last more than 50 years. During the entire time of this arrest phase, the DNA damage checkpoint remains active. The treatment of female cancer patients with DNA damaging irradiation or chemotherapeutics activates this checkpoint and results in elimination of the oocyte pool causing premature menopause and infertility. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of this quality control system and discuss potential therapeutic intervention for the preservation of the oocyte pool during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicole Sänger
- Department for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53217 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-798-29631
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24
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Li SM, Liu D, Liu YL, Liu B, Chen XH. Quercetin and Its Mixture Increase the Stress Resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans to UV-B. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1572. [PMID: 32121354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) radiation causes complex molecular reactions in cells, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This study designed a mixture consisting of quercetin, luteolin and lycopene and used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study the resistance of these natural chemicals to UV-B. Specifically, we have confirmed that quercetin and its mixture can increase the resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans to UV-B through lifespan test, reactive oxygen species level assay, germ cell apoptosis test, embryonic lethal test and RT-qPCR experiments. The results show that quercetin and its mixture prolonged the lifespan of UV-B-irradiated Caenorhabditis elegans and reduced abnormal levels of reactive oxygen species, embryo death, and apoptosis induced by UV-B. The protective effect of quercetin and its mixture may be attributed to its down-regulation of HUS-1, CEP-1, EGL-1 and CED-13. Therefore, the results of this research could help the development of UV-B radiation protection agents.
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Carranza-García E, Navarro RE. Insights Into the Hypometabolic Stage Caused by Prolonged Starvation in L4-Adult Caenorhabditis elegans Hermaphrodites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:124. [PMID: 32211406 PMCID: PMC7057233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals alter their reproductive cycles in response to changing nutritional conditions, to ensure that offspring production only occurs under favorable circumstances. These adaptive strategies include reversible hypometabolic states of dormancy such as “arrest” and “diapause.” The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can arrest its life cycle during some larval stages without modifying its anatomy and physiology until conditions improve but it can also modify its morphological and physiological features to cope with harsh conditions and transition into diapause. The well-defined “dauer” diapause was described more than 40 years ago and has been the subject of comprehensive investigations. The existence of another hypometabolic state, termed adult reproductive diapause (ARD), has been debated after it was first described 10 years ago. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the effect of food deprivation during the pre-reproductive larval and adult stages on overall organismal homeostasis, highlighting the implications on germ cell maintenance and fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carranza-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa E Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ou HL, Kim CS, Uszkoreit S, Wickström SA, Schumacher B. Somatic Niche Cells Regulate the CEP-1/p53-Mediated DNA Damage Response in Primordial Germ Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 50:167-183.e8. [PMID: 31336098 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity in primordial germ cells (PGCs) is a prerequisite for fertility and species maintenance. In C. elegans, PGCs require global-genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) to remove UV-induced DNA lesions. Failure to remove the lesions leads to the activation of the C. elegans p53, CEP-1, resulting in mitotic arrest of the PGCs. We show that the eIF4E2 translation initiation factor IFE-4 in somatic gonad precursor (SGP) niche cells regulates the CEP-1/p53-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) in PGCs. We determine that the IFE-4 translation target EGL-15/FGFR regulates the non-cell-autonomous DDR that is mediated via FGF-like signaling. Using hair follicle stem cells as a paradigm, we demonstrate that the eIF4E2-mediated niche cell regulation of the p53 response in stem cells is highly conserved in mammals. We thus reveal that the somatic niche regulates the CEP-1/p53-mediated DNA damage checkpoint in PGCs. Our data suggest that the somatic niche impacts the stability of heritable genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Ou
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine S Kim
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Paul Gerson Unna Group "Skin Homeostasis and Ageing," Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Uszkoreit
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Paul Gerson Unna Group "Skin Homeostasis and Ageing," Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Soares MV, Charão MF, Jacques MT, Dos Santos ALA, Luchese C, Pinton S, Ávila DS. Airborne toluene exposure causes germline apoptosis and neuronal damage that promotes neurobehavioural changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113406. [PMID: 31662251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toluene is a highly volatile organic solvent present in gasoline. Exposure mainly occurs by absorption via the pulmonary tract and easily reaches the central nervous system, which causes toxic effects. Toluene toxicity has been described but not well established. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of airborne exposure to toluene, the in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans was assessed to determine whether nematode could be used to evaluate the effects of exposure to toluene and the possible mechanisms of toxicity of the solvent. Worms at the first or fourth larval stages were exposed to toluene for 48 or 24 h, respectively, in a laboratory-developed vapor chamber at concentrations of 450, 850, 1250 and 1800 ppm. We observed increases in worm mortality and significant developmental delays that occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. An increased incidence of apoptotic events in treated germline cells was shown, which was consistent with observed reductions in reproductive capacity. In addition, toluene promoted significant behavioural changes affecting swimming movements and radial locomotion, which were associated with changes in the fluorescence intensity and morphology of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. We conclude that toluene exposure was toxic to C. elegans, with effects produced by the induction of apoptosis and neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Valandro Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, Novo Hamburgo, CEP: 93525-090, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil; Laboratório de Experimentação em Neuropatologia - Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Bloco C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Anibaletto Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, Novo Hamburgo, CEP: 93525-090, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil.
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Maremonti E, Eide DM, Oughton DH, Salbu B, Grammes F, Kassaye YA, Guédon R, Lecomte-Pradines C, Brede DA. Gamma radiation induces life stage-dependent reprotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans via impairment of spermatogenesis. Sci Total Environ 2019; 695:133835. [PMID: 31425988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated life stage, tissue and cell dependent sensitivity to ionizing radiation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that irradiation of post mitotic L4 stage larvae induced no significant effects with respect to mortality, morbidity or reproduction at either acute dose ≤6 Gy (1500 mGy·h-1) or chronic exposure ≤15 Gy (≤100 mGy·h-1). In contrast, chronic exposure from the embryo to the L4-young adult stage caused a dose and dose-rate dependent reprotoxicity with 43% reduction in total brood size at 6.7 Gy (108 mGy·h-1). Systematic irradiation of the different developmental stages showed that the most sensitive life stage was L1 to young L4. Exposure during these stages was associated with dose-rate dependent genotoxic effects, resulting in a 1.8 to 2 fold increase in germ cell apoptosis in larvae subjected to 40 or 100 mGy·h-1, respectively. This was accompanied by a dose-rate dependent reduction in the number of spermatids, which was positively correlated to the reprotoxic effect (0.99, PCC). RNAseq analysis of nematodes irradiated from L1 to L4 stage revealed a significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes related to both male and hermaphrodite reproductive processes. Gene network analysis revealed effects related to down-regulation of genes required for spindle formation and sperm meiosis/maturation, including smz-1, smz-2 and htas-1. Furthermore, the expression of a subset of 28 set-17 regulated Major Sperm Proteins (MSP) required for spermatid production was correlated (R2 0.80) to the reduction in reproduction and the number of spermatids. Collectively these observations corroborate the impairment of spermatogenesis as the major cause of gamma radiation induced life-stage dependent reprotoxic effect. Furthermore, the progeny of irradiated nematodes showed significant embryonal DNA damage that was associated with persistent effect on somatic growth. Unexpectedly, these nematodes maintained much of their reproductive capacity in spite of the reduced growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Maremonti
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Dag M Eide
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah H Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Fabian Grammes
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Faculty of Biosciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yetneberk A Kassaye
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Rémi Guédon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France
| | - Catherine Lecomte-Pradines
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
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Cohn J, Dwivedi V, Valperga G, Zarate N, de Bono M, Horvitz HR, Pierce JT. Activity-Dependent Regulation of the Proapoptotic BH3-Only Gene egl-1 in a Living Neuron Pair in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (Bethesda) 2019; 9:3703-14. [PMID: 31519744 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The BH3-only family of proteins is key for initiating apoptosis in a variety of contexts, and may also contribute to non-apoptotic cellular processes. Historically, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided a powerful system for studying and identifying conserved regulators of BH3-only proteins. In C. elegans, the BH3-only protein egl-1 is expressed during development to cell-autonomously trigger most developmental cell deaths. Here we provide evidence that egl-1 is also transcribed after development in the sensory neuron pair URX without inducing apoptosis. We used genetic screening and epistasis analysis to determine that its transcription is regulated in URX by neuronal activity and/or in parallel by orthologs of Protein Kinase G and the Salt-Inducible Kinase family. Because several BH3-only family proteins are also expressed in the adult nervous system of mammals, we suggest that studying egl-1 expression in URX may shed light on mechanisms that regulate conserved family members in higher organisms.
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Doll MA, Soltanmohammadi N, Schumacher B. ALG-2/AGO-Dependent mir-35 Family Regulates DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis Through MPK-1/ERK MAPK Signaling Downstream of the Core Apoptotic Machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2019; 213:173-194. [PMID: 31296532 PMCID: PMC6727803 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) associate with argonaute (AGO) proteins to post-transcriptionally modulate the expression of genes involved in various cellular processes. Herein, we show that loss of the Caenorhabditis elegans AGO gene alg-2 results in rapid and significantly increased germ cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage inflicted by ionizing radiation (IR). We demonstrate that the abnormal apoptosis phenotype in alg-2 mutant animals can be explained by reduced expression of mir-35 miRNA family members. We show that the increased apoptosis levels in IR-treated alg-2 or mir-35 family mutants depend on a transient hyperactivation of the C. elegans ERK1/2 MAPK ortholog MPK-1 in dying germ cells. Unexpectedly, MPK-1 phosphorylation occurs downstream of caspase activation and depends at least in part on a functional cell corpse-engulfment machinery. Therefore, we propose a refined mechanism, in which an initial proapoptotic stimulus by the core apoptotic machinery initiates the engulfment process, which in turn activates MAPK signaling to facilitate the demise of genomically compromised germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Alexander Doll
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Najmeh Soltanmohammadi
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Germany
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Carranza-García E, Navarro RE. Apoptosis contributes to protect germ cells from the oogenic germline starvation response but is not essential for the gonad shrinking or recovery observed during adult reproductive diapause in C. elegans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218265. [PMID: 31194813 PMCID: PMC6564024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When C. elegans hermaphrodites are deprived of food during the mid-L4 larval stage and throughout adulthood, they enter an alternative stage termed "adult reproductive diapause (ARD)" in which they halt reproduction and extend their lifespan. During ARD, germ cell proliferation stops; oogenesis is slowed; and the gonad shrinks progressively, which has been described as the "oogenic germline starvation response". Upon refeeding, the shrunken gonad is regenerated, and animals recover fertility and live out their remaining lifespan. Little is known about the effects of ARD on oocyte quality after ARD. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine how oocyte quality is affected after ARD by measuring brood size and embryonic lethality as a reflection of defective oocyte production. We found that ARD affects reproductive capacity. The oogenic germline starvation response protects oogenic germ cells by slowing oogenesis to prevent prolonged arrest in diakinesis. In contrast to a previous report, we found that germ cell apoptosis is not the cause of gonad shrinkage; instead, we propose that ovulation contributes to gonad shrinkage during the oogenic germline starvation response. We show that germ cell apoptosis increases and continues during ARD via lin-35/Rb and an unknown mechanism. Although apoptosis contributes to maintain germ cell quality during ARD, we demonstrated that apoptosis is not essential to preserve animal fertility. Finally, we show that IIS signaling inactivation partially participates in the oogenic germline starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Carranza-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R. E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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Min H, Lee YU, Shim YH, Kawasaki I. Autophagy of germ-granule components, PGL-1 and PGL-3, contributes to DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008150. [PMID: 31125345 PMCID: PMC6534287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ granules, termed P granules in nematode C. elegans, are the germline-specific cytoplasmic structures widely observed from worms to humans. P granules are known to have critical functions for postembryonic germline development likely through regulating RNA metabolism. They are localized at the perinuclear region of germ cells during most of the developmental stages. However, the biological significance of this specific localization remains elusive. PGL-1 and PGL-3, the defining components of P granules, were shown to be lost from the perinuclear region prior to germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, this loss was shown to be significantly enhanced upon DNA damage. Here, we show that the removal of PGL-1 and PGL-3 from the perinuclear region following UV-induced DNA damage is significantly reduced in autophagy mutants. Autophagy was previously shown to be required for DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis. We show that the apoptosis defect of autophagy mutants is bypassed by depletion of pgl-1 or pgl-3. These findings are consistent with time-lapse observations of LGG-1 foci formation, showing that autophagy is activated following UV irradiation and that maximal accumulation of LGG-1 foci occurs before PGL-1 removal. We also show that some of the autophagy genes are transcriptionally activated following UV irradiation by CEP-1, the worm p53-like protein. Taken together, our results indicate that autophagy is required to remove the major P granule components, PGL-1 and PGL-3, and that their removal is required for the full induction of DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis. Our study contributes to a better understanding of germ cell apoptosis, a process that leads to the elimination of the vast majority of germ cells in various animals from worms to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Min
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Uk Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jeong J, Song T, Chatterjee N, Choi I, Cha YK, Choi J. Developing adverse outcome pathways on silver nanoparticle-induced reproductive toxicity via oxidative stress in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using a Bayesian network model. Nanotoxicology 2019; 12:1182-1197. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1529835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taejun Song
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Cha
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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Chen F, Wei C, Chen Q, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhou Z, Chen M, Liang Y. Internal concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) comparable to those of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induce reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 158:223-229. [PMID: 29705512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is considered a less-toxic replacement for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), with multiple applications in industrial and consumer products. Previous studies comparing their toxicity generally used similar exposure levels, without taking internal concentrations into account. The current study compared the reproductive toxicity of PFOS and PFBS, at similar internal concentrations, to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). PFBS was much less bioaccumulative than PFOS. The 48-h median lethal concentrations (LC50) for PFOS and PFBS were 1.4 μM (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.6) and 794 μM (95% CI: 624-1009), respectively. Egg production and brood number of C. elegans decreased markedly following exposure to 0.1 μM PFOS or 1000 or 1500 μM PFBS. Germ-cell apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species increased significantly following exposure to 2 μM PFOS or 500 or 1000 μM PFBS. Expression of the antioxidant genes sod-3, ctl-2, and gst-4 and the pro-apoptotic genes egl-1 and ced-13 was altered significantly following PFOS and PFBS exposure. These findings indicate that both chemicals exert reproductive toxicity in C. elegans, probably owing to germ-cell apoptosis resulting from elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. The vastly different exposure concentrations of PFBS and PFOS used in this study produced similar internal concentrations, leading to the reproductive toxicities observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Minjie Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China; School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China.
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35
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D'Amora DR, Hu Q, Pizzardi M, Kubiseski TJ. BRAP-2 promotes DNA damage induced germline apoptosis in C. elegans through the regulation of SKN-1 and AKT-1. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1276-1288. [PMID: 29358669 PMCID: PMC6030105 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the DNA damage response (DDR) network, the tumour suppressor Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) is activated to facilitate DNA repair, transcription and cell cycle control. BRC-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of BRCA1, has conserved function in DNA double strand break repair, wherein a loss of brc-1 results in high levels of germline apoptosis. BRAP2/IMP was initially identified as a BRCA1 associated binding protein and previously we have shown that the C. elegans brap-2 deletion mutant experiences BRC-1 dependent larval arrest when exposed to low concentrations of paraquat. Since BRC-1 function in the germline is conserved, we wanted to determine the role of BRAP-2 in DNA damage induced germline apoptosis in C. elegans. We examined levels of germ cell death following DNA damage and found that brap-2(ok1492) mutants display reduced levels of germline apoptosis when compared to the wild type, and the loss of brap-2 significantly reduced germ cell death in brc-1 mutant animals. We also found increased mRNA levels of skn-1 following DNA damage in brap-2 mutants and that skn-1 RNAi knockdown in brap-2;brc-1 double mutants and a loss of pmk-1 mutation in brap-2 mutants increased apoptosis to wild type levels, indicating that brap-2 promotion of cell survival requires PMK-1 and SKN-1. Since mammalian BRAP2 has been shown to bind the AKT phosphatase PHLPP1/2, it suggests that BRAP2 could be involved in the Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor Signaling (IIS) pathway. We found that this interaction is conserved between the C. elegans homologs and that a loss of akt-1 in brap-2 mutants increased germline apoptosis. Thus in response to DNA damage, our findings suggest that BRAP-2 is required to attenuate the pro-cell survival signals of AKT-1 and PMK-1/SKN-1 to promote DNA damage induced germline apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana R D'Amora
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Pizzardi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrance J Kubiseski
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Program in Neuroscience, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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García-Rodríguez FJ, Martínez-Fernández C, Brena D, Kukhtar D, Serrat X, Nadal E, Boxem M, Honnen S, Miranda-Vizuete A, Villanueva A, Cerón J. Genetic and cellular sensitivity of Caenorhabditis elegans to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033506. [PMID: 29752286 PMCID: PMC6031354 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and derivatives are commonly used as chemotherapeutic agents. Although the cytotoxic action of cisplatin on cancer cells is very efficient, clinical oncologists need to deal with two major difficulties, namely the onset of resistance to the drug and the cytotoxic effect in patients. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate factors influencing the response to cisplatin in multicellular organisms. In this hermaphroditic model organism, we observed that sperm failure is a major cause of cisplatin-induced infertility. RNA sequencing data indicate that cisplatin triggers a systemic stress response, in which DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2, two conserved transcription factors, are key regulators. We determined that inhibition of the DNA damage-induced apoptotic pathway does not confer cisplatin protection to the animal. However, mutants for the pro-apoptotic BH3-only gene ced-13 are sensitive to cisplatin, suggesting a protective role of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that our system can also be used to identify mutations providing resistance to cisplatin and therefore potential biomarkers of innate cisplatin-refractory patients. We show that mutants for the redox regulator trxr-1, ortholog of the mammalian thioredoxin reductase 1 TRXR1, display cisplatin resistance. By CRISPR/Cas9, we determined that such resistance relies on the presence of the single selenocysteine residue in TRXR-1. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary:Caenorhabditiselegans is a valuable model to identify genetic factors influencing the animal response to the widely used chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier García-Rodríguez
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Fernández
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Brena
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dmytro Kukhtar
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xènia Serrat
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mike Boxem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Honnen
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Toxicology, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Cerón
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans. Genes, Diseases and Therapies Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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King SD, Gray CF, Song L, Nechushtai R, Gumienny TL, Mittler R, Padilla PA. The cisd gene family regulates physiological germline apoptosis through ced-13 and the canonical cell death pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:162-178. [PMID: 29666474 PMCID: PMC6294797 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death, which occurs through a conserved core molecular pathway, is important for fundamental developmental and homeostatic processes. The human iron-sulfur binding protein NAF-1/CISD2 binds to Bcl-2 and its disruption in cells leads to an increase in apoptosis. Other members of the CDGSH iron sulfur domain (CISD) family include mitoNEET/CISD1 and Miner2/CISD3. In humans, mutations in CISD2 result in Wolfram syndrome 2, a disease in which the patients display juvenile diabetes, neuropsychiatric disorders and defective platelet aggregation. The C. elegans genome contains three previously uncharacterized cisd genes that code for CISD-1, which has homology to mitoNEET/CISD1 and NAF-1/CISD2, and CISD-3.1 and CISD-3.2, both of which have homology to Miner2/CISD3. Disrupting the function of the cisd genes resulted in various germline abnormalities including distal tip cell migration defects and a significant increase in the number of cell corpses within the adult germline. This increased germ cell death is blocked by a gain-of-function mutation of the Bcl-2 homolog CED-9 and requires functional caspase CED-3 and the APAF-1 homolog CED-4. Furthermore, the increased germ cell death is facilitated by the pro-apoptotic, CED-9-binding protein CED-13, but not the related EGL-1 protein. This work is significant because it places the CISD family members as regulators of physiological germline programmed cell death acting through CED-13 and the core apoptotic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar D King
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Chipo F Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Luhua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Tina L Gumienny
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Pamela A Padilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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Riedinger C, Mendler M, Schlotterer A, Fleming T, Okun J, Hammes HP, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. High-glucose toxicity is mediated by AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase and mitigated by AMP-activated protein kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4845-4859. [PMID: 29414769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) catalyzes the last two steps of purine de novo synthesis. It metabolizes 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which is an AMP analogue, leading to activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). We investigated whether the AICAR-ATIC pathway plays a role in the high glucose (HG)-mediated DNA damage response and AICAR-mediated AMPK activation, explaining the detrimental effects of glucose on neuronal damage and shortening of the lifespan. HG up-regulated the expression and activity of the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of ATIC, C55F2.1 (atic-1), and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end products. Overexpression of atic-1 decreased the lifespan and head motility and increased neuronal damage under both standard and HG conditions. Inhibition of atic-1 expression, by RNAi, under HG was associated with increased lifespan and head motility and reduced neuronal damage, reactive oxygen species, and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end product accumulation. This effect was independent of an effect on DNA damage or antioxidant defense pathways, such as superoxide dismutase (sod-3) or glyoxalase-1 (glod-4), but was dependent on AMPK and accumulation of AICAR. Through AMPK, AICAR treatment also reduced the negative effects of HG. The mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone abolished the AICAR/AMPK-induced amelioration of HG effects, pointing to mitochondria as a prime target of the glucotoxic effects in C. elegans We conclude that atic-1 is involved in glucotoxic effects under HG conditions, either by blocked atic-1 expression or via AICAR and AMPK induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riedinger
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mendler
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Okun
- Department of Pediatrics, Dietmar Hopp Metabolism Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- V. Medical Hospital, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Offenburger SL, Jongsma E, Gartner A. Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans neuroligin-like glit-1, the apoptosis pathway and the calcium chaperone crt-1 increase dopaminergic neurodegeneration after 6-OHDA treatment. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007106. [PMID: 29346364 PMCID: PMC5773152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, the aetiology of which is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress. We used C. elegans to screen for genes that protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress and isolated glit-1 (gliotactin (Drosophila neuroligin-like) homologue). Loss of the C. elegans neuroligin-like glit-1 causes increased dopaminergic neurodegeneration after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), an oxidative-stress inducing drug that is specifically taken up into dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, glit-1 mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and paraquat. We provide evidence that GLIT-1 acts in the same genetic pathway as the previously identified tetraspanin TSP-17. After exposure to 6-OHDA and paraquat, glit-1 and tsp-17 mutants show almost identical, non-additive hypersensitivity phenotypes and exhibit highly increased induction of oxidative stress reporters. TSP-17 and GLIT-1 are both expressed in dopaminergic neurons. In addition, the neuroligin-like GLIT-1 is expressed in pharynx, intestine and several unidentified cells in the head. GLIT-1 is homologous, but not orthologous to neuroligins, transmembrane proteins required for the function of synapses. The Drosophila GLIT-1 homologue Gliotactin in contrast is required for epithelial junction formation. We report that GLIT-1 likely acts in multiple tissues to protect against 6-OHDA, and that the epithelial barrier of C. elegans glit-1 mutants does not appear to be compromised. We further describe that hyperactivation of the SKN-1 oxidative stress response pathway alleviates 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration. In addition, we find that mutations in the canonical apoptosis pathway and the calcium chaperone crt-1 cause increased 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron loss. In summary, we report that the neuroligin-like GLIT-1, the canonical apoptosis pathway and the calreticulin CRT-1 are required to prevent 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Neurons use dopamine as a chemical messenger to mediate diverse behaviours. The gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain areas is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. The increased occurrence of highly reactive oxygen radicals, also called oxidative stress, is assumed to contribute to the demise of dopaminergic neurons. In this study, we searched for genes that protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress. We used the nematode C. elegans, a well-characterised model organism whose dopamine signalling system is very similar to that of humans. When C. elegans is exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine, an oxidative stress-inducing compound, dopaminergic neurons gradually die. Our major findings include: (i) absence of the neuroligin-like gene glit-1 causes highly increased cell death of dopaminergic neurons after 6-OHDA exposure; (ii) GLIT-1 acts in a similar manner as the previously identified tetraspanin TSP-17; (iii) GLIT-1 and TSP-17 also protect C. elegans from other types of oxidative stress; and (iv) the programmed cell death pathway and a calcium chaperone protect dopaminergic neurons as well. Collectively, this study shows that apoptosis proteins, the calcium chaperone CRT-1 and the neuroligin-like GLIT-1 protect against neurodegeneration after oxidative stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Jongsma
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Gartner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The genome is constantly attacked by genotoxic insults. DNA damage has long been established as a cause of cancer development through its mutagenic consequences. Conversely, radiation therapy and chemotherapy induce DNA damage to drive cells into apoptosis or senescence as outcomes of the DNA damage response (DDR). More recently, DNA damage has been recognized as a causal factor for the aging process. The role of DNA damage in aging and age-related diseases is illustrated by numerous congenital progeroid syndromes that are caused by mutations in genome maintenance pathways. During the past 2 decades, understanding how DDR drives cancer development and contributes to the aging process has progressed rapidly. It turns out that the DDR factor p53 takes center stage during tumor development and also plays an important role in the aging process. Studies in metazoan models ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals have revealed cell-autonomous and systemic DDR mechanisms that orchestrate adaptive responses that augment maintenance of the aging organism amid gradually accumulating DNA damage.
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Villanueva-Chimal E, Salinas LS, Fernández-Cardenas LP, Huelgas-Morales G, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Navarro RE. DPFF-1 transcription factor deficiency causes the aberrant activation of MPK-1 and meiotic defects in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28940692 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro-d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 is expressed ubiquitously and presumably functions as an apoptotic factor, especially during the deprivation of trophic factors. DPF3/cer-d4 is expressed in neurons and in the heart, and is important for heart development and function in zebrafish. In Drosophila, there is only one member, dd4, whose function is still unknown, but it is expressed in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain of developing embryos and in adults. Here, we present DPFF-1, the only member of this family of proteins in the nematode C. elegans. DPFF-1 is similar to its mammalian homolog DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 because it is ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, and because it is important for the induction of germ cell apoptosis during stress. Here, we show that dpff-1 null mutant animals produce less progeny than wild-type nematodes, presumably due to meiotic defects. Gonads of dpff-1 deficient animals showed more germ cells in pachytene and overexpressed the P-MPK-1 signal. Additionally, these animals presented higher levels of p53-induced germ cell apoptosis than wild-type animals. Furthermore, we observed that dpff-1 deficient animals are more sensitive to heat shock. This is the first report showing that the d4 family of transcription factors could be involved in meiosis and stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Villanueva-Chimal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Laura S Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Laura P Fernández-Cardenas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Gabriela Huelgas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Laboratorio de Tejido Conjuntivo, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra,", México, D.F, México
| | - Rosa E Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
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Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Villanueva-Chimal E, Salinas LS, José-Nuñez C, Tuena de Gómez Puyou M, Navarro RE. Caenorhabditis elegans ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (IF1) MAI-2 preserves the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and is important to induce germ cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181984. [PMID: 28829773 PMCID: PMC5568743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When the electrochemical proton gradient is disrupted in the mitochondria, IF1 (Inhibitor Factor-1) inhibits the reverse hydrolytic activity of the F1Fo-ATP synthase, thereby allowing cells to conserve ATP at the expense of losing the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). The function of IF1 has been studied mainly in different cell lines, but these studies have generated contrasting results, which have not been helpful to understand the real role of this protein in a whole organism. In this work, we studied IF1 function in Caenorhabditis elegans to understand IF1´s role in vivo. C. elegans has two inhibitor proteins of the F1Fo-ATPase, MAI-1 and MAI-2. To determine their protein localization in C. elegans, we generated translational reporters and found that MAI-2 is expressed ubiquitously in the mitochondria; conversely, MAI-1 was found in the cytoplasm and nuclei of certain tissues. By CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated mai-2 mutant alleles. Here, we showed that mai-2 mutant animals have normal progeny, embryonic development and lifespan. Contrasting with the results previously obtained in cell lines, we found no evident defects in the mitochondrial network, dimer/monomer ATP synthase ratio, ATP concentration or respiration. Our results suggest that some of the roles previously attributed to IF1 in cell lines could not reflect the function of this protein in a whole organism and could be attributed to specific cell lines or methods used to silence, knockout or overexpress this protein. However, we did observe that animals lacking IF1 had an enhanced Δψm and lower physiological germ cell apoptosis. Importantly, we found that mai-2 mutant animals must be under stress to observe the role of IF1. Accordingly, we observed that mai-2 mutant animals were more sensitive to heat shock, oxidative stress and electron transport chain blockade. Furthermore, we observed that IF1 is important to induce germ cell apoptosis under certain types of stress. Here, we propose that MAI-2 might play a role in apoptosis by regulating Δψm. Additionally, we suggest that IF1 function is mainly observed under stress and that, under physiological conditions, this protein does not play an essential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Fernández-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E. Villanueva-Chimal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L. S. Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C. José-Nuñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M. Tuena de Gómez Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R. E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, physiological germline apoptosis is higher in cdc-25.3 mutants than in wild-type. The elevated germline apoptosis in cdc-25.3 mutants seems to be induced by accumulation of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Both DNA damage and synapsis checkpoint genes are required to increase the germline apoptosis. Notably, the number of germ cells that lose P-granule components, PGL-1 and PGL-3, increase in cdc-25.3 mutants, and the increase in germline apoptosis requires the activity of SIR-2.1, a Sirtuin orthologue. These results suggest that elevation of germline apoptosis in cdc-25.3 mutants is induced by accumulation of DSBs, leading to a loss of PGL-1 and PGL-3 in germ cells, which promotes cytoplasmic translocation of SIR-2.1, and finally activates the core apoptotic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Sung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Honnen S. Caenorhabditis elegans as a powerful alternative model organism to promote research in genetic toxicology and biomedicine. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2029-44. [PMID: 28299394 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In view of increased life expectancy the risk for disturbed integrity of genetic information increases. This inevitably holds the implication for higher incidence of age-related diseases leading to considerable cost increase in health care systems. To develop preventive strategies it is crucial to evaluate external and internal noxae as possible threats to our DNA. Especially the interplay of DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair (DR) mechanisms needs further deciphering. Moreover, there is a distinct need for alternative in vivo test systems for basic research and also risk assessment in toxicology. Especially the evaluation of combinational toxicity of environmentally present genotoxins and adverse effects of clinically used DNA damaging anticancer drugs is a major challenge for modern toxicology. This review focuses on the applicability of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to unravel and tackle scientific questions related to the biological consequences of genotoxin exposure and highlights methods for studying DDR and DR. In this regard large-scale in vivo screens of mixtures of chemicals and extensive parallel sequencing are highlighted as unique advantages of C. elegans. In addition, concise information regarding evolutionary conserved molecular mechanisms of the DDR and DR as well as currently available data obtained from the use of prototypical genotoxins and preferential read-outs of genotoxin testing are discussed. The use of established protocols, which are already available in the community, is encouraged to facilitate and further improve the implementation of C. elegans as a powerful genetic model system in genetic toxicology and biomedicine.
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Mendler M, Riedinger C, Schlotterer A, Volk N, Fleming T, Herzig S, Nawroth PP, Morcos M. Reduction in ins-7 gene expression in non-neuronal cells of high glucose exposed Caenorhabditis elegans protects from reactive metabolites, preserves neuronal structure and head motility, and prolongs lifespan. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:304-310. [PMID: 27776915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose derived metabolism generates reactive metabolites affecting the neuronal system and lifespan in C. elegans. Here, the role of the insulin homologue ins-7 and its downstream effectors in the generation of high glucose induced neuronal damage and shortening of lifespan was studied. RESULTS In C. elegans high glucose conditions induced the expression of the insulin homologue ins-7. Abrogating ins-7 under high glucose conditions in non-neuronal cells decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS)-formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), prevented structural neuronal damage and normalised head motility and lifespan. The restoration of lifespan by decreased ins-7 expression was dependent on the concerted action of sod-3 and glod-4 coding for the homologues of iron-manganese superoxide dismutase and glyoxalase 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Under high glucose conditions mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and glycation are downstream targets of ins-7. This impairs the neuronal system and longevity via a non-neuronal/neuronal crosstalk by affecting sod-3 and glod-4, thus giving further insight into the pathophysiology of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mendler
- Department of Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christin Riedinger
- Department of Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- Department of Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; 5(th) Medical Department, University Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Volk
- Department of Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
| | - Michael Morcos
- Department of Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; 5(th) Medical Department, University Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Ackermann L, Schell M, Pokrzywa W, Kevei É, Gartner A, Schumacher B, Hoppe T. E4 ligase-specific ubiquitination hubs coordinate DNA double-strand-break repair and apoptosis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:995-1002. [PMID: 27669035 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple protein ubiquitination events at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) regulate damage recognition, signaling and repair. It has remained poorly understood how the repair process of DSBs is coordinated with the apoptotic response. Here, we identified the E4 ubiquitin ligase UFD-2 as a mediator of DNA-damage-induced apoptosis in a genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that, after initiation of homologous recombination by RAD-51, UFD-2 forms foci that contain substrate-processivity factors including the ubiquitin-selective segregase CDC-48 (p97), the deubiquitination enzyme ATX-3 (Ataxin-3) and the proteasome. In the absence of UFD-2, RAD-51 foci persist, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis is prevented. In contrast, UFD-2 foci are retained until recombination intermediates are removed by the Holliday-junction-processing enzymes GEN-1, MUS-81 or XPF-1. Formation of UFD-2 foci also requires proapoptotic CEP-1 (p53) signaling. Our findings establish a central role of UFD-2 in the coordination between the DNA-repair process and the apoptotic response.
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Williams AB, Schumacher B. DNA damage responses and stress resistance: Concepts from bacterial SOS to metazoan immunity. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 165:27-32. [PMID: 27687175 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The critical need for species preservation has driven the evolution of mechanisms that integrate stress signals from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Past research has been largely focused on cell-autonomous stress responses; however, recently their systemic outcomes within an organism and their implications at the ecological and species levels have emerged. Maintenance of species depends on the high fidelity transmission of the genome over infinite generations; thus, many pathways exist to monitor and restore the integrity of the genome and to coordinate DNA repair with other cellular processes, such as cell division and growth. The specifics of these DNA damage responses (DDRs) vary vastly but some general themes are conserved from ancient organisms, such as bacteria and archaea, to humans. Despite decades of research, however, DDRs still have many layers of complexity and some surprises left to be discovered. One of the most interesting current research topics is the link between DNA damage and stress resistance: the outcomes of DDRs can protect the organism from other secondary challenges. At this time, these types of responses are best characterized in bacteria and the simple metazoan model, Caenorhabditis elegans, but it is becoming clear that similar processes also exist in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Williams
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Hekimi S, Wang Y, Noë A. Mitochondrial ROS and the Effectors of the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway in Aging Cells: The Discerning Killers! Front Genet 2016; 7:161. [PMID: 27683586 PMCID: PMC5021979 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become clear that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are not simply villains and mitochondria the hapless targets of their attacks. Rather, it appears that mitochondrial dysfunction itself and the signaling function of mtROS can have positive effects on lifespan, helping to extend longevity. If events in the mitochondria can lead to better cellular homeostasis and better survival of the organism in ways beyond providing ATP and biosynthetic products, we can conjecture that they act on other cellular components through appropriate signaling pathways. We describe recent advances in a variety of species which promoted our understanding of how changes of mtROS generation are part of a system of signaling pathways that emanate from the mitochondria to impact organism lifespan through global changes, including in transcriptional patterns. In unraveling this, many old players in cellular homeostasis were encountered. Among these, maybe most strikingly, is the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, which is the conduit by which at least one class of mtROS exercise their actions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This is a pathway that normally contributes to organismal homeostasis by killing defective or otherwise unwanted cells, and whose various compounds have also been implicated in other cellular processes. However, it was a surprise that that appropriate activation of a cell killing pathway can in fact prolong the lifespan of the organism. In the soma of adult C. elegans, all cells are post-mitotic, like many of our neurons and possibly some of our immune cells. These cells cannot simply be killed and replaced when showing signs of dysfunction. Thus, we speculate that it is the ability of the apoptotic pathway to pull together information about the functional and structural integrity of different cellular compartments that is the key property for why this pathway is used to decide when to boost defensive and repair processes in irreplaceable cells. When this process is artificially stimulated in mutants with elevated mtROS generation or with drug treatments it leads to lifespan prolongations beyond the normal lifespan of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alycia Noë
- Department of Biology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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Levine AJ, Puzio-Kuter AM, Chan CS, Hainaut P. The Role of the p53 Protein in Stem-Cell Biology and Epigenetic Regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026153. [PMID: 27352800 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The p53 protein plays a passive and an active role in stem cells. The transcriptional activities of p53 for cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair are largely turned off in stem cells, but there is some indication that long-term stem-cell viability may require other p53-regulated functions. When p53 is activated in stem cells, it stops cell division and promotes the commitment to a differentiation pathway and the formation of progenitor cells. In the absence of any p53 activity, stem-cell replication continues and mistakes in the normal epigenetic pathway occur at a higher probability. In the presence of a functionally active p53 protein, epigenetic stability is enforced and stem-cell replication is regulated by commitment to differentiation. Over a lifetime of an organism, stem-cell clones compete in a tissue niche for Darwinian replicative advantages and in doing so accumulate mutations that permit stem-cell replication. Mutations in the p53 gene give stem cells this advantage, increase the clonal stem-cell population, and lower the age at which cancers can occur. Li-Fraumeni patients that inherit p53 mutations develop tumors in a tissue-type-specific fashion at younger ages. Throughout the life of a Li-Fraumeni patient, the tumor types that arise occur in tissues where stem cells are active and cell division is most rapid. Thus, p53 mutations that are inherited or occur during developmental life act in stem cells of the mesenchymal and epithelial lineages, whereas p53 mutations that occur in progenitor or differentiated (somatic) cells later in life function in tissues of endodermal origins, indicating that p53 may function differently in different developmental lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Levine
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08340 Cancer Institute of New Jersey of Rutgers Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Anna M Puzio-Kuter
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08340 Cancer Institute of New Jersey of Rutgers Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Chang S Chan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08340 Cancer Institute of New Jersey of Rutgers Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- Grenoble Institute for Research on Cancer, Grenoble, France
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50
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Fernández-Majada V, Welz PS, Ermolaeva MA, Schell M, Adam A, Dietlein F, Komander D, Büttner R, Thomas RK, Schumacher B, Pasparakis M. The tumour suppressor CYLD regulates the p53 DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12508. [PMID: 27561390 PMCID: PMC5007442 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor CYLD is a deubiquitinase previously shown to inhibit NF-κB, MAP kinase and Wnt signalling. However, the tumour suppressing mechanisms of CYLD remain poorly understood. Here we show that loss of CYLD catalytic activity causes impaired DNA damage-induced p53 stabilization and activation in epithelial cells and sensitizes mice to chemical carcinogen-induced intestinal and skin tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, CYLD interacts with and deubiquitinates p53 facilitating its stabilization in response to genotoxic stress. Ubiquitin chain-restriction analysis provides evidence that CYLD removes K48 ubiquitin chains from p53 indirectly by cleaving K63 linkages, suggesting that p53 is decorated with complex K48/K63 chains. Moreover, CYLD deficiency also diminishes CEP-1/p53-dependent DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Collectively, our results identify CYLD as a deubiquitinase facilitating DNA damage-induced p53 activation and suggest that regulation of p53 responses to genotoxic stress contributes to the tumour suppressor function of CYLD. CYLD is a deubiquitinase known to act as a tumour suppressor in different models of carcinogenesis. Here, the authors show that CYLD suppresses carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis by deubiquitinating p53 and promoting its stabilization and activation in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Majada
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Maria A Ermolaeva
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.,Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Schell
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Alexander Adam
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straβe 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Felix Dietlein
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Weyertal 115B, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straβe 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.,Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
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