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Ke S, Feng Y, Luo L, Qin W, Liu H, Nie J, Liang B, Ma H, Xie M, Li J, Niu Z, Li G, Tang A, Xia W, He G. Isolation, identification, and induced differentiation of satellite cells from skeletal muscle of adult tree shrews. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:36-53. [PMID: 38127228 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A method for the in vitro isolation, purification, identification, and induced differentiation of satellite cells from adult tree shrew skeletal muscle was established. The mixed enzyme digestion method and differential adhesion method were used to obtain skeletal muscle satellite cells, which were identified and induced to differentiate to verify their pluripotency. The use of a mixture of collagenase II, hyaluronidase IV, and DNase I is an efficient method for isolating adult tree shrew skeletal muscle satellite cells. The P3 generation of cells had good morphology, rapid proliferation, high viability, and an "S"-shaped growth curve. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining indicated that marker genes or proteins were expressed in skeletal muscle satellite cells. After myogenic differentiation was induced, multiple-nucleated myotubes were observed, and the MyHC protein was expressed. The expression of myogenic marker genes changed with the differentiation process. After the induction of adipogenic differentiation, orange-red lipid droplets were observed, and the expression of adipogenic marker genes increased gradually with the differentiation process. In summary, satellite cells from adult tree shrew skeletal muscle were successfully isolated using a mixed enzyme digestion method, and their potential for differentiation into myogenic and adipogenic cells was confirmed, laying a foundation for further in vitro study of tree shrew muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Ke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liying Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanzhao Qin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huayu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingchong Nie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Beijiang Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongjie Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mao Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijie Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guojian Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Wu H, Wang GR, Wang XT, Bai YY, Yuan JF, Yang L, Huang F, Shi HL, Wu XJ. Astragaloside IV ameliorates metabolic disorder in db/db obese mice as a PPARγ antagonist. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:484-496. [PMID: 35866240 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2098726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorder is highly related to obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The present study found that astragaloside IV (ASI) attenuated metabolic disorder related symptoms and modulated hepatic lipid metabolism associated gene mRNA expression in db/db mice. ASI inhibited rosiglitazone-induced adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and lipid accumulation in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells with down-regulated mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes. In addition, it was predicted to bind to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ and inhibit its transactivity. Collectively, our study suggested that ASI improves lipid metabolism in obese mice probably through suppressing PPARγ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gao-Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin-Ting Wang
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Yan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin-Feng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-Lian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang Q, Qi H, Wu Y, Yu L, Bouchareb R, Li S, Lassén E, Casalena G, Stadler K, Ebefors K, Yi Z, Shi S, Salem F, Gordon R, Lu L, Williams RW, Duffield J, Zhang W, Itan Y, Böttinger E, Daehn I. Genetic susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease is linked to promoter variants of XOR. Nat Metab 2023; 5:607-625. [PMID: 37024752 PMCID: PMC10821741 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime risk of kidney disease in people with diabetes is 10-30%, implicating genetic predisposition in the cause of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here we identify an expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the cis-acting regulatory region of the xanthine dehydrogenase, or xanthine oxidoreductase (Xor), a binding site for C/EBPβ, to be associated with diabetes-induced podocyte loss in DKD in male mice. We examine mouse inbred strains that are susceptible (DBA/2J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) to DKD, as well as a panel of recombinant inbred BXD mice, to map QTLs. We also uncover promoter XOR orthologue variants in humans associated with high risk of DKD. We introduced the risk variant into the 5'-regulatory region of XOR in DKD-resistant mice, which resulted in increased Xor activity associated with podocyte depletion, albuminuria, oxidative stress and damage restricted to the glomerular endothelium, which increase further with type 1 diabetes, high-fat diet and ageing. Therefore, differential regulation of Xor contributes to phenotypic consequences with diabetes and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Qi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rihab Bouchareb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuyu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emelie Lassén
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Casalena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaolin Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Pathology, Molecular and Cell based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Gordon
- Pathology, Molecular and Cell based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Itan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erwin Böttinger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Heath at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institut, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ilse Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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An L, Fu X, Chen J, Ma J. Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in Lipid Metabolism Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and prevalence of obesity have posed a serious public health risk, which has prompted studies on the regulation of adiposity. With the ease of genetic manipulation, the diversity of the methods for characterizing body fat levels, and the observability of feeding behavior, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is considered an excellent model for exploring energy homeostasis and the regulation of the cellular fat storage. In addition, the homology with mammals in the genes related to the lipid metabolism allows many aspects of lipid modulation by the regulators of the central nervous system to be conserved in this ideal model organism. In recent years, as the complex network of genes that maintain an energy balance has been gradually expanded and refined, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid storage have become clearer. Furthermore, the development of methods and devices to assess the lipid levels has become a powerful tool for studies in lipid droplet biology and the regulation of the nematode lipid metabolism. Herein, based on the rapid progress of C. elegans lipid metabolism-related studies, this review outlined the lipid metabolic processes, the major signaling pathways of fat storage regulation, and the primary experimental methods to assess the lipid content in nematodes. Therefore, this model system holds great promise for facilitating the understanding, management, and therapies of human obesity and other metabolism-related diseases.
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Caddeo A, Serra M, Sedda F, Bacci A, Manera C, Rapposelli S, Columbano A, Perra A, Kowalik MA. Potential use of TG68 - A novel thyromimetic - for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD)-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1127517. [PMID: 36910628 PMCID: PMC9996294 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1127517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several lines of evidence suggest that the thyroid hormone signaling pathway is altered in patients with NAFLD and that pharmacological strategies to target the thyroid hormone/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor axis (TH/THR) in the liver may exert beneficial effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of TG68, a novel THRβ agonist, on rat hepatic fat accumulation and NAFLD-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods Male rats given a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and fed a high fat diet (HFD) were co-treated with different doses of TG68. Systemic and hepatic metabolic parameters, immunohistochemistry and hepatic gene expression were determined to assess the effect of TG68 on THRβ activation. Results Irrespectively of the dose, treatment with TG68 led to a significant reduction in liver weight, hepatic steatosis, circulating triglycerides, cholesterol and blood glucose. Importantly, a short exposure to TG68 caused regression of DEN-induced preneoplastic lesions associated with a differentiation program, as evidenced by a loss of neoplastic markers and reacquisition of markers of differentiated hepatocytes. Finally, while an equimolar dose of the THRβ agonist Resmetirom reduced hepatic fat accumulation, it did not exert any antitumorigenic effect. Discussion The use of this novel thyromimetic represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Bacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Liao J, Chen G, Liu X, Wei ZZ, Yu SP, Chen Q, Ye K. C/EBPβ/AEP signaling couples atherosclerosis to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3034-3046. [PMID: 35422468 PMCID: PMC9912845 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both age-dependent inflammatory diseases, associated with infiltrated macrophages and vascular pathology and overlapping molecules. C/EBPβ, an Aβ or inflammatory cytokine-activated transcription factor, and AEP (asparagine endopeptidase) are intimately implicated in both ATH and AD; however, whether C/EBPβ/AEP signaling couples ATH to AD pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that C/EBPβ/AEP pathway mediates ATH pathology and couples ATH to AD. Deletion of C/EBPβ or AEP from primary macrophages diminishes cholesterol load, and inactivation of this pathway reduces foam cell formation and lesions in aorta in ApoE-/- mice, fed with HFD (high-fat-diet). Knockout of ApoE from 3xTg AD mouse model augments serum LDL and increases lesion areas in the aorta. Depletion of C/EBPβ or AEP from 3xTg/ApoE-/- mice substantially attenuates these effects and elevates cerebral blood flow and vessel length, improving cognitive functions. Strikingly, knockdown of ApoE from the hippocampus of 3xTg mice decreases the cerebral blood flow and vessel length and aggravates AD pathologies, leading to cognitive deficits. Inactivation of C/EBPβ/AEP pathway alleviates these events and restores cognitive functions. Hence, our findings demonstrate that C/EBPβ/AEP signaling couples ATH to AD via mediating vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Zachory Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Vargas-Alarcón G, Fragoso JM, Ramírez-Bello J, Posadas-Sánchez R. FOXA3 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Metabolic Parameters in Individuals with Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Healthy Controls-The GEA Mexican Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050601. [PMID: 35625529 PMCID: PMC9139129 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXA3 is a transcription factor involved in the macrophage cholesterol efflux and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport reducing the atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to establish if the FOXA3 polymorphisms are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) and cardiometabolic parameters. Two FOXA3 polymorphisms (rs10410870 and rs10412574) were determined in 386 individuals with SA and 1070 controls. No association with SA was observed. The rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of having total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, non-HDL-cholesterol > 160 mg/dL, and a high risk of having LDL pattern B and insulin resistance adipose tissue in individuals with SA, and with a high risk of having interleukin 10 <p25 and magnesium deficiency in controls. The rs10412574 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of insulin resistance of the adipose tissue and a high risk of aspartate aminotransferase >p75 in individuals with SA, and with a low risk of LDL pattern B and a high risk of a magnesium deficiency in controls. Independent analysis in 846 individuals showed that the rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a high risk of aortic valve calcification. In summary, FOXA3 polymorphisms were not associated with SA; however, they were associated with cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with and without SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.V.-A.); (J.M.F.)
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology and Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (G.V.-A.); (J.M.F.)
| | - Julian Ramírez-Bello
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-55732911 (ext. 21416)
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Wang P, Wang Y, Peng H, Wang J, Zheng Q, Wang P, Wang J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Xiong L, Zhang R, Xia Y, Wang QK, Xu C. Functional rare variant in a C/EBP beta binding site in NINJ2 gene increases the risk of coronary artery disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25393-25407. [PMID: 34897030 PMCID: PMC8714150 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: NINJ2 regulates activation of vascular endothelial cells, and genome-wide association studies showed that variants in NINJ2 confer risk to stroke. However, whether variants in NINJ2 are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Methods: We genotyped rs34166160 in NINJ2 in two independent Chinese GeneID populations which included 2,794 CAD cases and 4,131 controls, and performed genetics association studies. Functional studies were also performed to reveal the mechanisms. Results: Allele rs34166160 significantly confers risk to CAD in the GeneID Hubei population which contained 1,440 CAD cases and 2,660 CAD-free controls (observed P-obs = 6.39 × 10−3 with an odds ratio (OR) was 3.39, adjusted P-adj = 8.12 × 10−3 with an OR of 3.10). The association was replicated in another population, GeneID Shandong population contained 1,354 CAD cases and 1,471 controls (P-obs = 3.33 × 10−3 with an OR of 3.14, P-adj = 0.01 with an OR of 2.74). After combining the two populations, the association was more significant (P-obs = 1.57 × 10−5 with an OR of 3.58, P-adj = 3.41 × 10−4 with an OR of 2.80). In addition, we found that rs34166160 was associated with the mRNA expression level of NINJ2 and the flanking region of rs34166160 can directly bind with transcriptional factor CCAAT-box/enhancer-binding protein beta, and the risk A allele has more transcription activity than non-risk C allele with or without LPS in HUVEC cells. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the functional rare variant rs34166160 in NINJ2 confers risk to CAD for the first time, and these findings further expand the range of the pathology of CAD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huixin Peng
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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9
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Lin T, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Steckler RA, Yang X. Hop2 interacts with the transcription factor CEBPα and suppresses adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101264. [PMID: 34600885 PMCID: PMC8528721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT enhancer binding protein (CEBP) transcription factors (TFs) are known to promote adipocyte differentiation; however, suppressors of CEBP TFs have not been reported thus far. Here, we find that homologous chromosome pairing protein 2 (Hop2) functions as an inhibitor for the TF CEBPα. We found that Hop2 mRNA is highly and specifically expressed in adipose tissue, and that ectopic Hop2 expression suppresses reporter activity induced by CEBP as revealed by DNA transfection. Recombinant and ectopically expressed Hop2 was shown to interact with CEBPα in pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays, and interaction between endogenous Hop2 and CEBPα was observed in the nuclei of 3T3 preadipocytes and adipocytes by immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation of nuclear extracts. In addition, Hop2 stable overexpression in 3T3 preadipocytes inhibited adipocyte differentiation and adipocyte marker gene expression. These in vitro data suggest that Hop2 inhibits adipogenesis by suppressing CEBP-mediated transactivation. Consistent with a negative role for Hop2 in adipogenesis, ablation of Hop2 (Hop2-/-) in mice led to increased body weight, adipose volume, adipocyte size, and adipogenic marker gene expression. Adipogenic differentiation of isolated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed a greater number of lipid droplet-containing colonies formed in Hop2-/- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell cultures than in wt controls, which is associated with the increased expression of adipogenic marker genes. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a higher binding activity of endogenous CEBPα to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a master adipogenic TF, and a known CEBPα target gene. Therefore, our study identifies for the first time that Hop2 is an intrinsic suppressor of CEBPα and thus adipogenesis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rita A Steckler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiangli Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
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10
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Liu D, Gu Y, Pang Q, Yu H, Zhang J. Dietary betaine regulates the synthesis of fatty acids through mTOR signaling in the muscle of zebrafish. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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11
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Pydyn N, Żurawek D, Kozieł J, Kus E, Wojnar-Lason K, Jasztal A, Fu M, Jura J, Kotlinowski J. Role of Mcpip1 in obesity-induced hepatic steatosis as determined by myeloid and liver-specific conditional knockouts. FEBS J 2021; 288:6563-6580. [PMID: 34058074 PMCID: PMC8988450 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1, alias Regnase 1) is a negative regulator of inflammation, acting through cleavage of transcripts coding for proinflammatory cytokines and by inhibition of NFκB activity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that MCPIP1 regulates lipid metabolism both in adipose tissue and in hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of tissue-specific Mcpip1 deletion on the regulation of hepatic metabolism and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We used control Mcpip1fl/fl mice and animals with deletion of Mcpip1 in myeloid leukocytes (Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre ) and in hepatocytes (Mcpip1fl/fl AlbCre ), which were fed chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre mice fed a chow diet were characterized by a significantly reduced hepatic expression of genes regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, which subsequently resulted in low plasma glucose level and dyslipidemia. These animals also displayed systemic inflammation, demonstrated by increased concentrations of cytokines in the plasma and high Tnfa, Il6, IL1b mRNA levels in the liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Proinflammatory leukocyte infiltration into BAT, together with low expression of Ucp1 and Ppargc1a, resulted in hypothermia of 22-week-old Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre mice. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in phenotype in Mcpip1fl/fl AlbCre mice. Although we detected a reduced hepatic expression of genes regulating glucose metabolism and β-oxidation in these mice, they remained asymptomatic. Upon feeding with a HFD, Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre mice did not develop obesity, glucose intolerance, nor hepatic steatosis, but were characterized by low plasma glucose level and dyslipidemia, along with proinflammatory phenotype. Mcpip1fl/fl AlbCre animals, following a HFD, became hypercholesterolemic, but accumulated lipids in the liver at the same level as Mcpip1fl/fl mice, and no changes in the level of soluble factors tested in the plasma were detected. We have demonstrated that Mcpip1 protein plays an important role in the liver homeostasis. Depletion of Mcpip1 in myeloid leukocytes, followed by systemic inflammation, has a more pronounced effect on controlling liver metabolism and homeostasis than the depletion of Mcpip1 in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pydyn
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Żurawek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozieł
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Shock/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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12
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Pang C, Miao H, Zuo Y, Guo N, Sun D, Li B. C/EBPβ enhances efficacy of sorafenib in hepatoblastoma. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1897-1905. [PMID: 33945665 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the predominant hepatic neoplasm in infants and young children. Sorafenib has been used to treat adult and pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. However, efficacy of monotherapy of sorafenib in HB is not sustained. In this study, we tested a possible combinatory therapy of sorafenib with the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) overexpression in HB cell line. Firstly, we evaluated the expression level of C/EBPβ in the patients with HB by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Lower level of C/EBPβ was observed in tumor tissues in comparison with matched normal tissues. Next, we observed that combination of sorafenib and C/EBPβ overexpression led to dramatic growth and migration inhibition of live tumor cells which implied promising probability for clinical trial. Mechanistically, C/EBPβ which can be downregulated by Ras v12, augmented messenger RNA and protein levels of p53. These data suggested that a combination of sorafenib and C/EBPβ overexpression inhibited tumor growth synergistically and provided a promising approach to treat HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Pang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Miao
- Functional Experiment Center, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yanzhen Zuo
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Nana Guo
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Dayong Sun
- Tumor Radiation and Chemotherapy Center, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Baoqun Li
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
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13
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Jo MJ, Kim SJ, Go HJ, Park NG, Kim GD. Anti‐adipogenic Effects of αAL14 Mediated by Modulation of PI3K/Akt Pathways in 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Zhao N, Tan H, Wang L, Han L, Cheng Y, Feng Y, Li T, Liu X. Palmitate induces fat accumulation via repressing FoxO1-mediated ATGL-dependent lipolysis in HepG2 hepatocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243938. [PMID: 33449950 PMCID: PMC7810308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and elevated serum palmitate is the link between obesity and excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Forkhead box O-1 (FoxO1) is one of the FoxO family members of transcription factors and can stimulate adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and suppress its inhibitor G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) expression in the liver. However, previous researches have also shown conflicting results regarding the role of FoxO1 in hepatic lipid accumulation. We therefore examined the role of FoxO1 as a downstream suppressor to palmitate-stimulated hepatic steatosis. Palmitate significantly promoted lipid accumulation but inhibited lipid decomposition in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. Palmitate also significantly reduced FoxO1, ATGL and its activator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) expression but increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) and its target gene G0S2 expression. FoxO1 overexpression significantly increased palmitate-inhibited ATGL and CGI-58 expression but reduced palmitate-stimulated PPARγ and its target gene G0S2 expression. FoxO1 overexpression also inhibited lipid accumulation and promoted lipolysis in palmitate-treated hepatocytes. Overall, these results indicate that FoxO1-mediated ATGL-dependent lipolysis may be an effective molecular mechanism in protecting hepatocytes from palmitate-induced fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqian Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Huiwen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Le Han
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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15
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Cha SH, Hwang Y, Heo SJ, Jun HS. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hepatic Lipogenesis and Inflammation. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E475. [PMID: 32962167 PMCID: PMC7551772 DOI: 10.3390/md18090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, encompassing a range of conditions caused by lipid deposition within liver cells, and is also associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), which is a polyphenol isolated from an edible seaweed, Ishige okamurae, on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in the liver. DPHC treatment repressed palmitate-induced cytotoxicity, triglyceride content, and lipid accumulation. DPHC prevented palmitate-induced mRNA and protein expression of SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein) 1, C/EBP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein) α, ChREBP (carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein), and FAS (fatty acid synthase). In addition, palmitate treatment reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin (SIRT)1 proteins, and DPHC treatment rescued this reduction. Moreover, DPHC protected palmitate-induced liver toxicity and lipogenesis, as well as inflammation, and enhanced AMPK and SIRT1 signaling in zebrafish. These results suggest that DPHC possesses protective effects against palmitate-induced toxicity in the liver by preventing lipogenesis and inflammation. DPHC could be used as a potential therapeutic or preventive agent for fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, Chungcheongnam-do 31962, Korea
| | - Yongha Hwang
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea;
- Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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16
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Choi EH, Chun YS, Kim J, Ku SK, Jeon S, Park TS, Shim SM. Modulating lipid and glucose metabolism by glycosylated kaempferol rich roasted leaves of Lycium chinense via upregulating adiponectin and AMPK activation in obese mice-induced type 2 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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17
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Niehrs C, Calkhoven CF. Emerging Role of C/EBPβ and Epigenetic DNA Methylation in Ageing. Trends Genet 2020; 36:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Banerjee D, Datta Chaudhuri R, Niyogi S, Roy Chowdhuri S, Poddar Sarkar M, Chatterjee R, Chakrabarti P, Sarkar S. Metabolic impairment in response to early induction of C/EBPβ leads to compromised cardiac function during pathological hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:148-163. [PMID: 31958467 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in heart is preceded by a metabolic perturbation that prefers glucose over lipid as substrate for energy requirement. Here, we establish C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) as an early marker of the metabolic derangement that triggers the imbalance in fatty acid (FA) oxidation and glucose uptake with increased lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes during pathological hypertrophy, leading to contractile dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This is the first study that shows that myocardium-targeted C/EBPβ knockdown prevents the impaired cardiac function during cardiac hypertrophy led by maladaptive metabolic response with persistent hypertrophic stimuli, whereas its targeted overexpression in control increases lipid accumulation significantly compared to control hearts. A new observation from this study was the dual and opposite transcriptional regulation of the alpha and gamma isoforms of Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptors (PPARα and PPARγ) by C/EBPβ in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Before the functional and structural remodeling sets in the diseased myocardium, C/EBPβ aggravates lipid accumulation with the aid of the increased FA uptake involving induced PPARγ expression and decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by suppressing PPARα expression. Glucose uptake into cardiomyocytes was greatly increased by C/EBPβ via PPARα suppression. The activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) during increased workload in presence of glucose as the only substrate was prevented by C/EBPβ knockdown, thereby abating contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Our study thus suggests that C/EBPβ may be considered as a novel cellular marker for deranged metabolic milieu before the heart pathologically remodels itself during hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durba Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratul Datta Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sougata Niyogi
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sumedha Roy Chowdhuri
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Mousumi Poddar Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Raghunath Chatterjee
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B T Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
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19
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Sharma S, Chakravarthy H, Suresh G, Devanathan V. Adult Goat Retinal Neuronal Culture: Applications in Modeling Hyperglycemia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:983. [PMID: 31607843 PMCID: PMC6756134 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture of adult neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) can provide a unique model system to explore neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS includes neurons and glia of the brain, spinal cord and retina. Neurons in the retina have the advantage of being the most accessible cells of the CNS, and can serve as a reliable mirror to the brain. Typically, primary cultures utilize fetal rodent neurons, but very rarely adult neurons from larger mammals. Here, we cultured primary retinal neurons isolated from adult goat up to 10 days, and established an in vitro model of hyperglycemia for performing morphological and molecular characterization studies. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that approximately 30–40% of cultured cells expressed neuronal markers. Next, we examined the relative expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in adult goat brain and retina. We also studied the effect of different glucose concentrations and media composition on the growth and expression of CAMs in cultured retinal neurons. Hyperglycemia significantly enhances neurite outgrowth in adult retinal neurons in culture. Expression of CAMs such as Caspr1, Contactin1 and Prion is downregulated in the presence of high glucose. Hyperglycemia downregulates the expression of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP α), predicted to bind CAM gene promoters. Collectively, our study demonstrates that metabolic environment markedly affects transcriptional regulation of CAMs in adult retinal neurons in culture. The effect of hyperglycemia on CAM interactions, as well as related changes in intracellular signaling pathways in adult retinal neurons warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Harshini Chakravarthy
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Gowthaman Suresh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Vasudharani Devanathan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
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20
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Al Hasan M, Roy P, Dolan S, Martin PE, Patterson S, Bartholomew C. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor 56 is required for 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1601-1614. [PMID: 31304602 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated conditions represent major global health and financial burdens and understanding processes regulating adipogenesis could lead to novel intervention strategies. This study shows that adhesion G-protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) gene transcripts are reduced in abdominal visceral white adipose tissue derived from obese Zucker rats versus lean controls. Immunostaining in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes reveals both mitotic cell restricted surface and low level general expression patterns of Gpr56. Gpr56 transcripts are differentially expressed in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis. Transient knockdown (KD) of Gpr56 in 3T3-L1 cells dramatically inhibits differentiation through reducing the accumulation of both neutral cellular lipids (56%) and production of established adipogenesis Pparγ 2 (60-80%), C/ebpα (40-78%) mediator, and Ap2 (56-80%) marker proteins. Furthermore, genome editing of Gpr56 in 3T3-L1 cells created CW2.2.4 and RM4.2.5.5 clones (Gpr56 -/- cells) with compound heterozygous deletion frameshift mutations which abolish adipogenesis. Genome edited cells have sustained levels of the adipogenesis inhibitor β-catenin, reduced proliferation, reduced adhesion, altered profiles, and or abundance of extracellular matrix component gene transcripts for fibronectin, types I, III, and IV collagens and loss of actin stress fibers. β-catenin KD alone is insufficient to restore adipogenesis in Gpr56 -/- cells. Together these data show that Gpr56 is required for adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. This report is the first demonstration that Gpr56 participates in regulation of the adipogenesis developmental program. Modulation of the levels of this protein and/or its biological activity may represent a novel target for development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Hasan
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Poornima Roy
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Sharron Dolan
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Patricia E Martin
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Steven Patterson
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Chris Bartholomew
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
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21
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Patel V, Bidault G, Chambers JE, Carobbio S, Everden AJT, Garcés C, Dalton LE, Gribble FM, Vidal-Puig A, Marciniak SJ. Inactivation of Ppp1r15a minimises weight gain and insulin resistance during caloric excess in female mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2903. [PMID: 30814564 PMCID: PMC6393541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α within the mediobasal hypothalamus is known to suppress food intake, but the role of the eIF2α phosphatases in regulating body weight is poorly understood. Mice deficient in active PPP1R15A, a stress-inducible eIF2α phosphatase, are healthy and more resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress than wild type controls. We report that when female Ppp1r15a mutant mice are fed a high fat diet they gain less weight than wild type littermates owing to reduced food intake. This results in healthy leaner Ppp1r15a mutant animals with reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity, albeit with a possible modest defect in insulin secretion. By contrast, no weight differences are observed between wild type and Ppp1r15a deficient mice fed a standard diet. We conclude that female mice lacking the C-terminal PP1-binding domain of PPP1R15A show reduced dietary intake and preserved glucose tolerance. Our data indicate that this results in reduced weight gain and protection from diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vruti Patel
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP UK
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Angharad J. T. Everden
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Concepción Garcés
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Lucy E. Dalton
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- 0000 0004 0622 5016grid.120073.7Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK ,0000 0004 0427 7672grid.52788.30Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP UK
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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23
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Fan L, Dou M, Wang X, Han Q, Zhao B, Hu J, Yang G, Shi X, Li X. Fermented corn-soybean meal elevated IGF1 levels in grower-finisher pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:5144-5151. [PMID: 30203098 PMCID: PMC6276558 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation has attracted increasing attention in pig industry, because of low costs and numerous benefits on pig growth and health as well as environmental improvement, although the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, fermented corn-soybean meal significantly improved average daily gain and gain:food ratio (P < 0.05). Fermented feed (FF) significantly increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) transcription in liver (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, fermented meal significantly enhanced the binding of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) to IGF1 promoter and C/EBPβ expression in liver (both P < 0.05). FF tended to increase IGF1 proteins in liver and serum too (both 0.05 < P < 0.10). Meanwhile, FF slightly but significantly increased hepatic and circulating triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, as well as serum ratio of high-density to low-density cholesterol (all P < 0.05). Our data indicated that FF could significantly augment the binding of C/EBPβ to IGF1 promoter and promote hepatic IGF1 expression and production, thus boost pig growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingle Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Tongchuan Yuanheng Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd., Tongchuan, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin’e Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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24
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Orrù C, Szydlowska M, Taguchi K, Zavattari P, Perra A, Yamamoto M, Columbano A. Genetic inactivation of Nrf2 prevents clonal expansion of initiated cells in a nutritional model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. J Hepatol 2018; 69:635-43. [PMID: 29758334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysregulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway has been observed in experimental and human tumors, suggesting possible roles of the pathway in cancer development. Herein, we examined whether Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) activation occurs at early steps of rat hepatocarcinogenesis, to assess critical contributions of Nrf2 to the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We used wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) rats treated with a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) followed by choline-devoid methionine-deficient (CMD) diet. This experimental model causes massive fatty liver and steatohepatitis with fibrosis and enables identification of early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. RESULTS We found that Nrf2 activation takes place in early preneoplastic lesions identified by the marker glutathione S-transferase placental form (GSTP). Nrf2 missense mutations, known to disrupt the Keap1-Nrf2 binding, were present in 65.7% of GSTP-positive foci. Nrf2KO rats were used to directly investigate whether Nrf2 is critical for initiation and/or clonal expansion of DENA-damaged hepatocytes. While Nrf2 genetic inactivation did not alter DENA-induced initiation, it led to increased liver injury and chronic compensatory hepatocyte regeneration when rats were fed a CMD diet. However, in spite of such a permissive environment, the livers of Nrf2KO rats did not display any preneoplastic lesion unlike those of WT rats. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that, in a model of hepatocarcinogenesis resembling human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: i) Nrf2 is activated at early steps of the tumorigenic process and ii) Nrf2 is mandatory for the clonal expansion of initiated cells, indicating that Nrf2 is critical in the onset of HCC. LAY SUMMARY Dysregulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 molecular pathway has been observed in human tumors. In a nutritional model of hepatocarcinogenesis, the protein Nrf2 is frequently mutated/activated at early steps of the tumorigenic process. Herein, we show that Nrf2 is mandatory for the development of preneoplastic lesions. These results suggest that Nrf2 has a critical role in the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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25
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Wang J, Xu M, Wang X, Yang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Huang X, Han M, Gao R, Gan S. Comparative Proteome Analysis Reveals Lipid Metabolism-Related Protein Networks in Response to Rump Fat Mobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2556. [PMID: 30154394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Altay is a typical fat-tailed sheep breed displaying the unique ability to rapidly mobilize fat, which is vital for maintaining a normal metabolism that facilitates its survival in lengthy winter conditions. However, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying fat mobilization remain to be elucidated. In this study, the monitoring of rump fat adipocyte sizes disclosed a positive correlation between cell size and fat deposition ability. In addition, we subjected sheep to persistent starvation to imitate the conditions that trigger rump fat mobilization and screened 112 differentially expressed proteins using the isobaric peptide labeling approach. Notably, increased secretion of leptin and adiponectin activated the key fat mobilization signaling pathways under persistent starvation conditions. Furthermore, the upregulation of resistin (RETN), heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72), and complement factor D (CFD) promoted lipolysis, whereas the downregulation of cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) inhibited lipid droplet fusion, and the increase in HSP72 and apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) levels activated the body’s stress mechanisms. The synergistic actions of the above hormones, genes, and signaling pathways form a molecular network that functions in improving the adaptability of Altay sheep to extreme environments. Our findings provide a reference for elucidating the complex molecular mechanisms underlying rump fat mobilization.
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26
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Yang X, Han M, Liu S, Yuan X, Liu X, Feng S, Zhou L, Li Y, Lu H, Cheng J, Lin S. HCBP6 upregulates human SREBP1c expression by binding to C/EBPβ-binding site in the SREBP1c promoter. BMB Rep 2018; 51:33-38. [PMID: 29187281 PMCID: PMC5796632 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.1.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) plays an important role in triglyceride (TG) homeostasis. Although our previous study showed that hepatitis C virus core-binding protein 6 (HCBP6) regulates SREBP1c expression to maintain intracellular TG homeostasis, the mechanism underlying this regulation is unclear. In the present study, we found that HCBP6 increased intracellular TG levels by upregulating SREBP1c expression. HCBP6 increased SREBP1c transcription by directly binding to the SREBP1c promoter (at the −139- to +359-bp region). Moreover, we observed that HCBP6 interacted with C/EBPβ-binding site in the SREBP1c promoter both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that HCBP6 upregulates human SREBP1c expression by binding to the C/EBPβ-binding site in the SREBP1c promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ming Han
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015; Insitiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015; Insitiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shenghu Feng
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015; Insitiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongping Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015; Insitiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015; Insitiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Shumei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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27
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Archer AE, Von Schulze AT, Geiger PC. Exercise, heat shock proteins and insulin resistance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0529. [PMID: 29203714 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Best known as chaperones, heat shock proteins (HSPs) also have roles in cell signalling and regulation of metabolism. Rodent studies demonstrate that heat treatment, transgenic overexpression and pharmacological induction of HSP72 prevent high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Overexpression of skeletal muscle HSP72 in mice has been shown to increase endurance running capacity nearly twofold and increase mitochondrial content by 50%. A positive correlation between HSP72 mRNA expression and mitochondrial enzyme activity has been observed in human skeletal muscle, and HSP72 expression is markedly decreased in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant and type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, decreased levels of HSP72 correlate with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in livers from obese patients. These data suggest the targeted induction of HSPs could be a therapeutic approach for preventing metabolic disease by maintaining the body's natural stress response. Exercise elicits a number of metabolic adaptations and is a powerful tool in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance. Exercise training is also a stimulus for increased HSP expression. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for exercise-induced HSP expression are currently unknown, the HSP response may be critical for the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. Exercise-induced extracellular HSP release may also contribute to metabolic homeostasis by actively restoring HSP72 content in insulin resistant tissues containing low endogenous levels of HSPs.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Archer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Alex T Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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28
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Zhao N, Li X, Feng Y, Han J, Feng Z, Li X, Wen Y. The Nuclear Orphan Receptor Nur77 Alleviates Palmitate-induced Fat Accumulation by Down-regulating G0S2 in HepG2 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4809. [PMID: 29556076 PMCID: PMC5859288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes is the hallmark of obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Elevated levels of the saturated free fatty acid palmitate in obesity are a major contributor to excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. The nuclear orphan receptor Nur77 is a transcriptional regulator and a lipotoxicity sensor. Using human HepG2 hepatoma cells, this study aimed to investigate the functional role of Nur77 in palmitate-induced hepatic steatosis. The results revealed that palmitate significantly induced lipid accumulation and suppressed lipolysis in hepatocytes. In addition, palmitate significantly suppressed Nur77 expression and stimulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target genes. Nur77 overexpression significantly reduced palmitate-induced expression of PPARγ and its target genes. Moreover, Nur77 overexpression attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis in palmitate-treated hepatocytes. Importantly, G0S2 knockdown significantly attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis in palmitate-treated hepatocytes, whereas G0S2 knockdown had no effect on the palmitate-induced expression of Nur77, PPARγ, or PPARγ target genes. In summary, palmitate suppresses Nur77 expression in HepG2 cells, and Nur77 overexpression alleviates palmitate-induced hepatic fat accumulation by down-regulating G0S2. These results display a novel molecular mechanism linking Nur77-regulated G0S2 expression to palmitate-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqian Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, 85 Shuncheng Street, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Department of Gerontology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziling Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, 85 Shuncheng Street, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, 85 Shuncheng Street, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfang Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, 85 Shuncheng Street, Jinzhong, 030600, Shanxi, China
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29
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Zhao NQ, Li XY, Wang L, Feng ZL, Li XF, Wen YF, Han JX. Palmitate induces fat accumulation by activating C/EBPβ-mediated G0S2 expression in HepG2 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7705-7715. [PMID: 29209111 PMCID: PMC5703930 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i43.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and its transcriptional regulation in palmitate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate, or palmitate in combination with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β siRNA or G0S2 siRNA. The mRNA expression of C/EBPβ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and PPARγ target genes (G0S2, GPR81, GPR109A and Adipoq) was examined by qPCR. The protein expression of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and G0S2 was determined by Western blotting. Lipid accumulation was detected with Oil Red O staining and quantified by absorbance value of the extracted Oil Red O dye. Lipolysis was evaluated by measuring the amount of glycerol released into the medium.
RESULTS Palmitate caused a dose-dependent increase in lipid accumulation and a dose-dependent decrease in lipolysis in HepG2 cells. In addition, palmitate increased the mRNA expression of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and PPARγ target genes (G0S2, GPR81, GPR109A, and Adipoq) and the protein expression of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and G0S2 in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of C/EBPβ decreased palmitate-induced PPARγ and its target genes (G0S2, GPR81, GPR109A, and Adipoq) mRNA expression and palmitate-induced PPARγ and G0S2 protein expression in HepG2 cells. Knockdown of C/EBPβ also attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. G0S2 knockdown attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis, while G0S2 knockdown had no effects on the mRNA expression of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and PPARγ target genes (GPR81, GPR109A and Adipoq) in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells.
CONCLUSION Palmitate can induce lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by activating C/EBPβ-mediated G0S2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Qian Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zi-Ling Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xi-Fen Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Han
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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30
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Mihailović M, Živković M, Jovanović JA, Tolinački M, Sinadinović M, Rajić J, Uskoković A, Dinić S, Grdović N, Golić N, Vidaković M. Oral administration of probiotic Lactobacillus paraplantarum BGCG11 attenuates diabetes-induced liver and kidney damage in rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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31
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Guo Y, Yu J, Wang C, Li K, Liu B, Du Y, Xiao F, Chen S, Guo F. miR-212-5p suppresses lipid accumulation by targeting FAS and SCD1. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:205-217. [PMID: 28667176 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, are implicated in controlling a variety of biological processes. We have shown that leucine deprivation suppresses lipogenesis by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression in the liver previously; the aim of our current study is to investigate which kind of microRNA is involved in the regulation of FAS expression in response to leucine deprivation. Here, we indicated that microRNA-212-5p specifically binds to mouse FAS 3'UTR and inhibits its activity. Leucine deficiency significantly increased the mRNA levels of miR-212-5p in the livers of mice. Further studies proved that miR-212-5p also directly binds to the 3'UTR of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) to inhibit its activity. Overexpression of miR-212-5p decreases the protein levels of FAS and SCD1 in vitro and in vivo, and silencing of miR-212-5p has the opposite effects in mouse primary hepatocytes. Moreover, overexpression of miR-212-5p significantly decreases triglyceride (TG) accumulation in primary hepatocytes and in the livers of mice injected with adenovirus-mediated overexpressing of miR-212-5p (Ad-miR-212). Interestingly, inhibition of miR-212-5p reverses the suppressive effects of leucine deficiency on FAS and SCD1 expression, as well as TG accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that leucine deficiency induces the expression of miR-212-5p in a GCN2/ATF4-dependent manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel function of hepatic miR-212-5p in the regulation of lipid metabolism which represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of non-alcohol fatty liver diseases (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Ekambaram P, Parasuraman P. Differential expression of sirtuin 2 and adipocyte maturation restriction: an adaptation process during hypoxia in fish. Biol Open 2017; 6:1375-1382. [PMID: 28808139 PMCID: PMC5612243 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins have received widespread attention due to their diverse physiological role in metabolism. Among sirtuins, SIRT2 is more abundant in adipocytes and exerts effects on adipocyte differentiation, a process which involves conversion of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes orchestrated by adipokines and adipogenic transcription factors. Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) was chosen as a study organism due to its excellent service as a biomonitor. Adipocytes isolated from natural field conditions were termed as field-hypoxic (Ennore) and -normoxic (Kovalam) based on dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the estuary. A previous study portrayed the hypoxic instance of Ennore estuary (low DO) and grey mullet [HIF1α in adipocytes, brain endothelial cell (EC) and hepatocytes] inhabiting this estuary (
Padmini et al., 2016a,
b; Padmini and Tharani, 2015). In this context, fish adipocytes of both conditions were subjected to in vitro hypoxia for 1 h (in the pre/trigassed incubator with the supply of 1% O2; 94% N2; 5% CO2) and were analysed for the expression of adipokines, adipogenic transcription factors and anti-adipogenic markers in fish adipocytes. Elevation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), TNFα and leptin along with decreased adiponectin, adipogenic transcription factors and altering sirtuins were observed in test adipocytes and in control adipocytes on in vitro hypoxia. This suggests that adipocytes may follow internal caloric restriction as portrayed from cytomorphological/ultrastructural analysis, limiting adipocyte maturation process, one of the adaptive mechanisms triggered by adipocyte of fish surviving in Ennore estuary. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia (test on in vitro hypoxia for 1 h) showed a drastic alteration in these components leading to both structural and biological fluctuation when compared to limited hypoxic condition (field-hypoxic and control on in vitro hypoxia). Our study concludes that hypoxia may serve as the chief molecular cue in eliciting adipocyte maturation restriction though metabolic reprogramming and it also shows the significance of adipocyte maturation restriction in imparting survival mechanism. Summary: Adipocyte maturation restriction is tightly regulated by SIRT2 activation which downregulates preadipocytes from the maturation process as adaptation strategy in fish surviving in the polluted (hypoxic) environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Ekambaram
- P.G. Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women's College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Chennai-600 108, India
| | - Parimala Parasuraman
- P.G. Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women's College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Chennai-600 108, India
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Dhar-Mascareno M, Rozenberg I, Iqbal J, Hussain MM, Beckles D, Mascareno E. Hexim1 heterozygosity stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque and decreased steatosis in ApoE null mice fed atherogenic diet. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 83:56-64. [PMID: 28013147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexim-1 is an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. Decreased Hexim-1 expression in animal models of chronic diseases such as left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity and cancer triggered significant changes in adaptation and remodeling. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Hexim1 in lipid metabolism focused in the progression of atherosclerosis and steatosis. We used the C57BL6 apolipoprotein E (ApoE null) crossed bred to C57BL6Hexim1 heterozygous mice to obtain ApoE null - Hexim1 heterozygous mice (ApoE-HT). Both ApoE null backgrounds were fed high fat diet for twelve weeks. Then, we evaluated lipid metabolism, atherosclerotic plaque formation and liver steatosis. In order to understand changes in the transcriptome of both backgrounds during the progression of steatosis, we performed Affymetrix mouse 430 2.0 microarray. After 12 weeks of HFD, ApoE null and ApoE-HT showed similar increase of cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma. Plaque composition was altered in ApoE-HT. Additionally, liver triglycerides and steatosis were decreased in ApoE-HT mice. Affymetrix analysis revealed that decreased steatosis might be due to impaired inducible SOCS3 expression in ApoE-HT mice. In conclusion, decreased Hexim-1 expression does not alter cholesterol metabolism in ApoE null background after HFD. However, it promotes stable atherosclerotic plaque and decreased steatosis by promoting the anti-inflammatory TGFβ pathway and blocking the expression of the inducible and pro-inflammatory expression of SOCS3 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Dhar-Mascareno
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York 11568, USA
| | - Inna Rozenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Daniel Beckles
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA; Departments of Surgery, Medicine and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Eduardo Mascareno
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA.
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Sanada Y, Yamamoto T, Satake R, Yamashita A, Kanai S, Kato N, van de Loo FA, Nishimura F, Scherer PE, Yanaka N. Serum Amyloid A3 Gene Expression in Adipocytes is an Indicator of the Interaction with Macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38697. [PMID: 27929048 PMCID: PMC5144138 DOI: 10.1038/srep38697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue and their interaction with adipocytes are essential for the chronic low-grade inflammation of obese adipose tissue. In this study, we identified the serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) gene as a key adipocyte-derived factor that is affected by interaction with macrophages. We showed that the Saa3 promoter in adipocytes actually responds to activated macrophages in a co-culture system. Decreasing C/EBPβ abundance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or point mutation of C/EBPβ elements suppressed the increased promoter activity in response to activated macrophages, suggesting an essential role of C/EBPβ in Saa3 promoter activation. Bioluminescence based on Saa3 promoter activity in Saa3-luc mice was promoted in obese adipose tissue, showing that Saa3 promoter activity is most likely related to macrophage infiltration. This study suggests that the level of expression of the Saa3 gene could be utilized for the number of infiltrated macrophages in obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sanada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Rika Satake
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | | | - Sumire Kanai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Fons Aj van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
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Sahini N, Borlak J. Genomics of human fatty liver disease reveal mechanistically linked lipid droplet-associated gene regulations in bland steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Transl Res 2016; 177:41-69. [PMID: 27376874 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder hallmarked by excessive lipid deposits. Based on our recent research on lipid droplet (LD) formation in hepatocytes, we investigated LD-associated gene regulations in NAFLD of different grades, that is, steatosis vs steatohepatitis by comparing liver biopsies from healthy controls (N = 13) and NAFLD patients (N = 102). On average, more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified of which 146 are mechanistically linked to LD formation. We identified 51 LD-associated DEGs frequently regulated in patient samples (range ≥5 to ≤102) with the liver-receptor homolog-1(NR5A2), that is, a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism being commonly repressed among 100 patients examined. With bland steatosis, notable regulations involved hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated-protein and diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase-2 renowned for their role in LD-growth. Conversely, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated DEGs coded for epidermal growth factor receptor and TLR4 signaling with decreased expression of the GTPase Rab5 and the lipid phosphohydrolase PPAP2B thus highlighting adaptive responses to inflammation, LDL-mediated endocytosis and lipogenesis, respectively. Studies with steatotic primary human hepatocyte cultures demonstrated induction of LD-associated PLIN2, CIDEC, DNAAF1, whereas repressed expression of CPT1A, ANGPTL4, and PKLR informed on burdened mitochondrial metabolism. Equally, repressed expression of the B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13 and STAT4 as well as induced FGF21 evidenced amelioration of steatosis-related inflammation. In-vitro/in-vivo patient sample comparisons confirmed C-reactive protein, SOCS3, NR5A2, and SOD2 as commonly regulated. Lastly, STRING network analysis highlighted potential "druggable" targets with PLIN2, CIDEC, and hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated-protein being confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, steatosis and steatohepatitis specific gene regulations informed on the pathogenesis of NAFLD to broaden the perspective of targeted therapies.
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Iwamoto S, Boonvisut S, Makishima S, Ishizuka Y, Watanabe K, Nakayama K. The role of TRIB1 in lipid metabolism; from genetics to pathways. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:1063-8. [PMID: 26517924 DOI: 10.1042/BST20150094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plasma concentration of lipids is a heritable risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and related coronary artery diseases (CAD). Mammalian tribbles homologue 1 (TRIB1) is a human locus, the downstream linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of which affects plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) levels and CAD across multiple ethnic groups. In addition, association of TRIB1 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has also been shown. A regulatory sequence that enhances TRIB1 promoter activity was identified in the LD block and the minor allele of a single nt polymorphism (SNP, rs6982502) in this regulatory sequence reduces the activity of the TRIB1 promoter. The minor allele of rs6982502 is a risk allele for increasing plasma lipid levels and NAFLD. Trib1 deficiency increases plasma cholesterol and TGs in mice and overexpression of TRIB1 in mouse liver reduces these factors. Expression of rate-limiting lipogenic enzymes is increased in Trib1-knockout mouse liver and decreased with overexpression. Recently, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) emerged as a novel binding partner of TRIB1. Furthermore, novel binding partner, Sin3A (Swi-independent 3A)-associated protein, 18 kDa, was identified, which activates microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) expression by binding with MTTP regulatory elements in co-ordination with mSin3A and TRIB1. Very recently, a small molecular compound that up-regulates TRIB1 expression in HepG2 cells has been discovered. Further exploration of the binding partners of TRIB1 and their involvement in lipid metabolism may aid discovery of novel pharmacological targets for the management of dyslipidaemia and steatosis.
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Tian J, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Insulin induction of SREBP-1c in rodent liver requires LXRα-C/EBPβ complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8182-7. [PMID: 27382175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608987113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin increases lipid synthesis in liver by activating transcription of the gene encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). SREBP-1c activates the transcription of all genes necessary for fatty acid synthesis. Insulin induction of SREBP-1c requires LXRα, a nuclear receptor. Transcription of SREBP-1c also requires transcription factor C/EBPβ, but a connection between LXRα and C/EBPβ has not been made. Here we show that LXRα and C/EBPβ form a complex that can be immunoprecipitated from rat liver nuclei. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the LXRα-C/EBPβ complex binds to the SREBP-1c promoter in a region that contains two binding sites for LXRα and is known to be required for insulin induction. Knockdown of C/EBPβ in fresh rat hepatocytes or mouse livers in vivo reduces the ability of insulin to increase SREBP-1c mRNA. The LXRα-C/EBPβ complex is bound to the SREBP-1c promoter in the absence or presence of insulin, indicating that insulin acts not by increasing the formation of this complex, but rather by activating it.
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Thomas SR. Haematopoietic-expressed C/EBPβ: A novel transcriptional regulator of hepatic liver metabolism and macrophage foam cells during atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:183-5. [PMID: 27207261 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Thomas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Rahman SM, Baquero KC, Choudhury M, Janssen RC, de la Houssaye BA, Sun M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Wang S, Moustaid-Moussa N, Miyazaki M, Friedman JE. C/EBPβ in bone marrow is essential for diet induced inflammation, cholesterol balance, and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:172-9. [PMID: 27072340 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is both a chronic inflammatory disease and a lipid metabolism disorder. C/EBPβ is well documented for its role in the development of hematopoietic cells and integration of lipid metabolism. However, C/EBPβ's role in atherosclerotic progression has not been examined. We assessed the impact of hematopoietic CEBPβ deletion in ApoE(-/-) mice on hyperlipidemia, inflammatory responses and lesion formation in the aorta. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells derived from either WT or C/EBPβ(-/-) mice and placed on low fat or high fat/high cholesterol diet for 11 weeks. Hematopoietic C/EBPβ deletion in ApoE(-/-) mice reduced blood and hepatic lipids and gene expression of hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 and fatty acid synthase while expression of ATP binding cassette transporter G1, cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase, and liver X receptor alpha genes were significantly increased. ApoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with C/EBPβ(-/-) bone marrow cells also significantly reduced blood cytokine levels and reduced lesion area in aortic sinuses compared with ApoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with WT bone marrow cells. Silencing of C/EBPβ in RAW264.7 macrophage cells prevented oxLDL-mediated foam cell formation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in conditioned medium. CONCLUSION C/EBPβ in hematopoietic cells is crucial to regulate diet-induced inflammation, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Rahman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Karalee C Baquero
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Ming Sun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Renal and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Chaudhari HN, Yun JW. DJ-1 deficiency alleviates steatosis in cultured hepatocytes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015; 20:1152-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xu XY, Hu JP, Wu MM, Wang LS, Fang NY. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein CEBP-2 controls fat consumption and fatty acid desaturation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:312-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Choi SI, Kwak H, Kim JY, Choi JG, Lee JH. Antiadipogenic Effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. Extracts by Extraction Conditions in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7783/kjmcs.2015.23.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zidek LM, Ackermann T, Hartleben G, Eichwald S, Kortman G, Kiehntopf M, Leutz A, Sonenberg N, Wang ZQ, von Maltzahn J, Müller C, Calkhoven CF. Deficiency in mTORC1-controlled C/EBPβ-mRNA translation improves metabolic health in mice. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1022-36. [PMID: 26113365 PMCID: PMC4552494 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of physiological adaptations in response to changes in nutrient supply. Major downstream targets of mTORC1 signalling are the mRNA translation regulators p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1p70) and the 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). However, little is known about vertebrate mRNAs that are specifically controlled by mTORC1 signalling and are engaged in regulating mTORC1-associated physiology. Here, we show that translation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) mRNA into the C/EBPβ-LIP isoform is suppressed in response to mTORC1 inhibition either through pharmacological treatment or through calorie restriction. Our data indicate that the function of 4E-BPs is required for suppression of LIP. Intriguingly, mice lacking the cis-regulatory upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the C/EBPβ-mRNA, which is required for mTORC1-stimulated translation into C/EBPβ-LIP, display an improved metabolic phenotype with features also found under calorie restriction. Thus, our data suggest that translational adjustment of C/EBPβ-isoform expression is one of the key processes that direct metabolic adaptation in response to changes in mTORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Zidek
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Ackermann
- European Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Götz Hartleben
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Eichwald
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gertrud Kortman
- European Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry & Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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van der Krieken SE, Popeijus HE, Mensink RP, Plat J. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β in relation to ER stress, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:324815. [PMID: 25699273 DOI: 10.1155/2015/324815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and underlying metabolic disturbances increase rapidly in developed countries. Various molecular targets are currently under investigation to unravel the molecular mechanisms that cause these disturbances. This is done in attempt to counter or prevent the negative health consequences of the metabolic disturbances. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on the role of C/EBP-β in these metabolic disturbances. C/EBP-β deletion in mice resulted in downregulation of hepatic lipogenic genes and increased expression of β-oxidation genes in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, C/EBP-β is important in the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes and is increased during ER stress and proinflammatory conditions. So far, studies were only conducted in animals and in cell systems. The results found that C/EBP-β is an important transcription factor within the metabolic disturbances of the metabolic system. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the potential role of C/EBP-β at molecular and physiological level in humans.
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Abstract
The liver is an essential metabolic organ, and its metabolic function is controlled by insulin and other metabolic hormones. Glucose is converted into pyruvate through glycolysis in the cytoplasm, and pyruvate is subsequently oxidized in the mitochondria to generate ATP through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. In the fed state, glycolytic products are used to synthesize fatty acids through de novo lipogenesis. Long-chain fatty acids are incorporated into triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and/or cholesterol esters in hepatocytes. These complex lipids are stored in lipid droplets and membrane structures, or secreted into the circulation as very low-density lipoprotein particles. In the fasted state, the liver secretes glucose through both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. During pronged fasting, hepatic gluconeogenesis is the primary source for endogenous glucose production. Fasting also promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in release of nonesterified fatty acids which are converted into ketone bodies in hepatic mitochondria though β-oxidation and ketogenesis. Ketone bodies provide a metabolic fuel for extrahepatic tissues. Liver energy metabolism is tightly regulated by neuronal and hormonal signals. The sympathetic system stimulates, whereas the parasympathetic system suppresses, hepatic gluconeogenesis. Insulin stimulates glycolysis and lipogenesis but suppresses gluconeogenesis, and glucagon counteracts insulin action. Numerous transcription factors and coactivators, including CREB, FOXO1, ChREBP, SREBP, PGC-1α, and CRTC2, control the expression of the enzymes which catalyze key steps of metabolic pathways, thus controlling liver energy metabolism. Aberrant energy metabolism in the liver promotes insulin resistance, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Do HJ, Chung JH, Hwang JW, Kim OY, Lee JY, Shin MJ. 1-deoxynojirimycin isolated from Bacillus subtilis improves hepatic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in high-fat-fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 75:1-7. [PMID: 25445511 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) isolated from Bacillus subtilis MORI beneficially influences lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet in addition to the anti-obesity properties of DNJ. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 29; 5 weeks old) were randomly assigned to three groups: normal control diet (CTL, n = 10), high-fat diet (HF, n = 10), and high-fat diet supplemented with DNJ (DNJ, n = 9). After 12 weeks, the HF group exhibited higher overall weight gain, of the liver, and of various fat pads than the CTL and DNJ groups did. The HF group also showed greater expression of C/EBPα and CD36 mRNA in the liver than that in the CTL and/or DNJ groups. In addition, mRNA expressions of AAC and FAS were lower, while mRNA expression of PGC-1β was higher in the liver of the DNJ group than that of the HF group. The hepatic expression of p-AMPK/AMPK was higher in the DNJ group than in the HF group. This study provides novel insight into the protective effect of DNJ supplementation against obesity-induced hepatic lipid abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Do
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Lee
- R&D Center for Natural Science, Biotopia Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 200-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea; Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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Meakin PJ, Chowdhry S, Sharma RS, Ashford FB, Walsh SV, McCrimmon RJ, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Dillon JF, Hayes JD, Ashford ML. Susceptibility of Nrf2-null mice to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis upon consumption of a high-fat diet is associated with oxidative stress, perturbation of the unfolded protein response, and disturbance in the expression of metabolic enzymes but not with insulin resistance. Mol Cell Biol. 2014;34:3305-3320. [PMID: 24958099 PMCID: PMC4135558 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00677-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking the transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) develop more severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with cirrhosis, than wild-type (Nrf2+/+) mice when fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 24 weeks. Although NASH is usually associated with insulin resistance, HF-fed Nrf2−/− mice exhibited better insulin sensitivity than HF-fed Nrf2+/+ mice. In livers of HF-fed mice, loss of Nrf2 resulted in greater induction of lipogenic genes, lower expression of β-oxidation genes, greater reduction in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, and diminished acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase phosphorylation than in the wild-type livers, which is consistent with greater fatty acid (FA) synthesis in Nrf2−/− livers. Moreover, primary Nrf2−/− hepatocytes displayed lower glucose and FA oxidation than Nrf2+/+ hepatocytes, with FA oxidation partially rescued by treatment with AMPK activators. The unfolded protein response (UPR) was perturbed in control regular-chow (RC)-fed Nrf2−/− mouse livers, and this was associated with constitutive activation of NF-κB and JNK, along with upregulation of inflammatory genes. The HF diet elicited an antioxidant response in Nrf2+/+ livers, and as this was compromised in Nrf2−/− livers, they suffered oxidative stress. Therefore, Nrf2 protects against NASH by suppressing lipogenesis, supporting mitochondrial function, increasing the threshold for the UPR and inflammation, and enabling adaptation to HF-diet-induced oxidative stress.
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Sarnyai Z, Jashar C, Olivier B. Modeling combined schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2015; 276:130-42. [PMID: 24747658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder with a complex behavioral and cognitive phenotype underlined by a similarly complex etiology involving an interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental factors during early development. Limited progress has been made in developing novel pharmacotherapy, partly due to a lack of valid animal models. The recent recognition of the potentially causal role of central and peripheral energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia raises the need of research on animal models that combine both behavioral and metabolic phenotypic domains, similar to what have been identified in humans. In this review we focus on selected genetic (DBA/2J mice, leptin receptor mutants, and PSD-93 knockout mice), early neurodevelopmental (maternal protein deprivation) and pharmacological (acute phencyclidine) animal models that capture the combined behavioral and metabolic abnormalities shown by schizophrenic patients. In reviewing behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia we apply the principles established by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) for better translation. We demonstrate that etiologically diverse manipulations such as specific breeding, deletion of genes that are primarily involved in metabolic regulation and in synaptic plasticity, as well as early metabolic deprivation and adult pharmacological challenge of the glutamate system can lead to schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes, which suggest that these pathways might be interlinked. We propose that using animal models that combine different domains of schizophrenia can be used as a translationally valid approach to capture the system-level complex interplay between peripheral and central processes in the development of psychopathology.
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Shoji T, Higuchi H, Nishijima KI, Iijima S. Effects of Siglec on the expression of IL-10 in the macrophage cell line RAW264. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:633-9. [PMID: 24715531 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was significantly elevated upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) when the sialic acid-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectin Siglec-5 or -9 was overexpressed in RAW264 cells. During the course to clarify the mechanism for this activation, we found that IL-10 promoter proximal region up to -500 bp led to transactivation similar to that up to -1,500 bp. Among the transcription factors that activate the mouse IL-10 promoter so far reported, the level of C/EBPβ was increased in Siglec-9-expressing cells. Transient expression of the C/EBPβ major isoform LAP led to an increase in the expression of IL-10 in Siglec-9-expressing cells, but not in mock-transfected control RAW264 cells upon stimulation with LPS, as assessed by either a luciferase assay or the production of IL-10. Without LPS, the IL-10 promoter was activated by transiently expressed LAP in Siglec-9-expressing cells, however, the magnitude of transactivation was less than that with the LPS stimulation. The knockdown of C/EBPβ down-regulated the production of IL-10. Taken together, these results suggest that one of the reasons for the stimulation of IL-10 expression in Siglec-9-expressing cells may be an increase in intracellular C/EBPβ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shoji
- Department of Biotechnology, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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