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De Marco G, Eliso MC, Oliveri Conti G, Galati M, Billè B, Maisano M, Ferrante M, Cappello T. Short-term exposure to polystyrene microplastics hampers the cellular function of gills in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 264:106736. [PMID: 37913686 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is undoubtedly the most useful and versatile polymeric material that man has developed in the last two centuries Despite the societal benefits, plastic is now a serious global issue because it is persistent and may bioaccumulate into aquatic biota as microplastics (MPs). This study was designed to evaluate the daily uptake and cellular effects due to a short-term (up to 72 h) exposure to 3 μm red polystyrene MPs (50 beads/mL) in the gills of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, chosen as model species for its ecological and commercial relevance. After measuring the daily uptake of MPs and detecting their presence within the branchial epithelium at all the exposure time-points (T24, T48, T72), some cleaning mechanisms were observed by neutral and acid mucous secretions at mussel gills. The protonic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics, combined with chemometrics, allowed to comprehensively explore the time-dependent metabolic disorders triggered by MPs in mussel gills over the short-term trial. Specifically, the clear clustering between MP-treated mussel gills and those from control, together with the grouping for experimental time-points as depicted by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were due to changes in the amino acids and energy metabolism, disturbances in the osmoregulatory processes, as well as in the cholinergic neurotransmission. Moreover, as evidenced by enzymatic assays, even the oxidative defense systems and lipid metabolism were hampered by MP exposure. Overall, these findings provides the first insights into the early time-dependent mechanisms of toxicity of polystyrene MPs in marine mussels, and underline the potential environment and human health risk posed by MPs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Eliso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Implementation of Physical, Chemical and Biological Monitoring Processes in Aquaculture and Bioremediation Systems, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, Hygiene and Public Health "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy; Research Center in Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (NANOMED), Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Galati
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Barbara Billè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy; University Centre for the Protection and Management of Natural Environments and Agro-Ecosystems (CUTGANA), Via Santa Sofia 98, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Implementation of Physical, Chemical and Biological Monitoring Processes in Aquaculture and Bioremediation Systems, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, Hygiene and Public Health "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy; Research Center in Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (NANOMED), Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
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Ahmed AIM, Macirella R, Talarico F, Curcio V, Trotta G, Aiello D, Gharbi N, Mezzasalma M, Brunelli E. Short-term effects of the strobilurin fungicide dimoxystrobin on zebrafish gills: A morpho-functional study. Chemosphere 2023; 333:138914. [PMID: 37187376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins represent the most widely used class of fungicides nowadays andare considered relatively non-toxic to mammals and birds but highly toxic to aquatic biota. Dimoxystrobin is one of the novel strobilurins, recently included in the 3rd Watch List of the European Commission as available data indicate that it could pose a significant risk to aquatic species. As yet, the number of studies explicitly assessing the impact of this fungicide on terrestrial and aquatic species is extremely low, and the toxic effects of dimoxystrobin on fish have not been reported. Here we investigate for the first time the alterations induced by two environmentally relevant and very low concentrations of dimoxystrobin (6.56 and 13.13 μg/L) in the fish gills. morphological, morphometric, ultrastructural, and functional alterations have been evaluated using zebrafish as a model species. We demonstrated that even short-term exposure (96 h) to dimoxystrobin alters fish gills reducing the surface available for gas exchange and inducing severe alterations encompassing three reaction patterns: circulatory disturbance and both regressive and progressive changes. Furthermore, we revealed that this fungicide impairs the expression of key enzymes involved in osmotic and acid-base regulation (Na+/K+-ATPase and AQP3) and the defensive response against oxidative stress (SOD and CAT). The information presented here highlights the importance of combining data from different analytical methods for evaluating the toxic potential of currently used and new agrochemical compounds. Our results will also contribute to the discussion on the suitability of mandatory ecotoxicological tests on vertebrates before the introduction on the market of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalmoiz I M Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Talarico
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vittoria Curcio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Naouel Gharbi
- Fish Biology and Aquaculture Group, Ocean and Environment Department, NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marcello Mezzasalma
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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Caliani I, De Marco G, Cappello T, Giannetto A, Mancini G, Ancora S, Maisano M, Parrino V, Cappello S, Bianchi N, Oliva S, Luciano A, Mauceri A, Leonzio C, Fasulo S. Assessment of the effectiveness of a novel BioFilm-Membrane BioReactor oil-polluted wastewater treatment technology by applying biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 243:106059. [PMID: 34991045 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical industries and oil refineries are sources of hazardous chemicals into the aquatic environments, and often a leading cause of reduced oxygen availability, thus resulting in adverse effects in biota. This study is an expansion of our previous work on the assessment of the BioFilm-Membrane Bioreactor (BF-MBR) to mitigate the impact of oil-polluted wastewater on marine environments. Specifically, this study evaluated the reduction of selected chemical constituents (hydrocarbons and trace metals) and toxicity related to hypoxia and DNA damage to mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, before and after treatment of oil-polluted wastewater with the BF-MBR. The application of a multidisciplinary approach provided evidence of the efficiency of BF-MBR to significantly reducing the pollutants load from oily contaminated seawaters. As result, the health status of mussels was preserved by a hypoxic condition due to oily pollutants, as evidenced by the modulation in the gene expression of HIF-1α and PHD and changes in the level of hypotaurine and taurine. Moreover, ameliorative effects in the energy metabolism were also found in mussel gills showing increased levels of glycogen, glucose and ATP, as well as a mitigated genotoxicity was revealed by the Micronucleus and Comet assays. Overall, findings from this study support the use of the BF-MBR as a promising treatment biotechnology to avoid or limiting the compromise of marine environments from oil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Electric, Electronics and Computer Engineering Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Ancora
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM)-National Research Center, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Bianchi
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Antonella Luciano
- Energy and Sustainable Economic Development - Department for Sustainability, ENEA - Italian National Agency for the New Technologies, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Claudio Leonzio
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
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De Marco G, Brandão F, Pereira P, Pacheco M, Cappello T. Organ-Specific Metabolome Deciphering Cell Pathways to Cope with Mercury in Wild Fish (Golden Grey Mullet Chelon auratus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:79. [PMID: 35011185 PMCID: PMC8749613 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful approach in evaluating the health status of organisms in ecotoxicological studies. However, metabolomics data reflect metabolic variations that are attributable to factors intrinsic to the environment and organism, and it is thus crucial to accurately evaluate the metabolome of the tissue/organ examined when it is exposed to no stressor. The metabolomes of the liver and gills of wild golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) from a reference area were analyzed and compared by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics. Both organs were characterized by amino acids, carbohydrates, osmolytes, nucleosides and their derivatives, and miscellaneous metabolites. However, similarities and differences were revealed in their metabolite profile and related to organ-specific functions. Taurine was predominant in both organs due to its involvement in osmoregulation in gills, and detoxification and antioxidant protective processes in liver. Environmental exposure to mercury (Hg) triggered multiple and often differential metabolic alterations in fish organs. Disturbances in ion-osmoregulatory processes were highlighted in the gills, whereas differential impairments between fish organs were pointed out in energy-producing metabolic pathways, protein catabolism, membrane stabilization processes, and antioxidant defense system, reflecting the induction of organ-specific adaptive and defensive strategies. Overall, a strict correlation between metabolites and organ-specific functions of fish gills and liver were discerned in this study, as well as organ-specific cytotoxicity mechanisms of Hg in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Macirella R, Curcio V, Brunelli E. Morpho-Functional Alterations in the Gills of a Seawater Teleost, the Ornate Wrasse ( Thalassoma pavo L.), after Short-Term Exposure to Chlorpyrifos. Toxics 2020; 8:toxics8040097. [PMID: 33171834 PMCID: PMC7711812 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus insecticide commonly used for domestic and agricultural purposes. The risk posed by environmental contamination from CPF is well acknowledged, and it has been detected worldwide in aquatic habitats and coastal areas. In addition, due to its slower degradation in seawater compared to freshwater, CPF is of particular concern for marine environments. Here, we investigated for the first time the morpho-functional alterations induced by CPF on the gills of Thalassoma pavo, a widespread species in the Mediterranean Sea. We tested the effects of two sublethal concentrations (4 and 8 µg/L) after 48 and 96 h. Our study demonstrates that the alterations induced by CPF are dose and time-dependent and highlight the harmful properties of this insecticide. After exposure to the low tested concentration, the more frequent alteration is an intense proliferation of the primary epithelium, whereas after exposure to the high concentration, the primary epithelium proliferation is less extensive, and the most evident effects are the thinning of secondary lamellae and the ectopia of chloride and goblet cells. CPF also modulated the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase. Dilation of lamellar apical tips, pillar cell degeneration, and appearance of aneurysms are often observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elvira Brunelli
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-8449-2996; Fax: +39-09-8449-2986
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Breitwieser M, Barbarin M, Plumejeaud-Perreau C, Dubillot E, Guyot T, Huet V, Churlaud C, Coulombier T, Brenon I, Fichet D, Imbert N, Thomas H. Biomonitoring of Mimachlamys varia transplanted to areas impacted by human activities (La Rochelle Marina, France). Chemosphere 2020; 243:125199. [PMID: 31734599 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of human activities on French Atlantic coastlines (La Rochelle) lead to chronic pollution of the environment by organic (pesticides, hydrocarbons, agrochemicals) and inorganic (heavy metals) contaminants. These past years, several regulations have been implemented to preserve coastal environments. The purpose of this study was to perform biomonitoring of bivalve species using an outdoor caging technique. The goal of our work was to assess the impact of harbour's trace elements on the state of health of the marine bivalve Mimachlamys varia. First, various molecular defence biomarkers were measured: SOD (oxidative stress), GST (detoxification process), MDA (lipid peroxidation), and Laccase (immune reaction). Thus, in April 2016, scallops were collected at three caging sites, which differ by their levels of pollution, after transplantation into port areas (fairing, rainwater) and a control site (marsh). Bivalve samples were taken at three sampling dates (D0, D07, D21). Biomarker assays were performed in the digestive glands due to their bioaccumulation properties. The second aim was to explore the impacts of inorganic pollutants placed in environmental harbour's sites. After 21 days, the biomarker response of transplanted bivalves revealed a SOD decrease, Laccase and GST stimulations, higher concentrations in Cu, Fe, As, Co, Mn, Zn, Sn and no significant variation of MDA concentration. Our ecological relevance of biomarker approaches opens interesting perspectives to identify M. varia such as a pertinent marine sentinel species. The several selected biomarkers determined could confirm their ability to appraise the water quality of hydro-systems located in French coastlines, such as port areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Breitwieser
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Marine Barbarin
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Christine Plumejeaud-Perreau
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Emmanuel Dubillot
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Thierry Guyot
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Valérie Huet
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Carine Churlaud
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Thibaut Coulombier
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Isabelle Brenon
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Denis Fichet
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Nathalie Imbert
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Hélène Thomas
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
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Mundo R, Matsunaka T, Iwai H, Ogiso S, Suzuki N, Tang N, Hayakawa K, Nagao S. Interannual Survey on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of North Nanao Bay, Ishikawa, Japan, from 2015 to 2018: Sources, Pathways and Ecological Risk Assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17030904. [PMID: 32024093 PMCID: PMC7038190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To improve the understanding of the emission sources and pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal environments of remote areas, their particulate and dissolved concentrations were analyzed on a monthly basis from 2015 to 2018 in surface waters of Nanao Bay, Japan. The concentration of the targeted 13 species of PAHs on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority pollutant list in dissolved and particle phases were separately analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector. Particulate and dissolved PAHs had average concentrations of 0.72 ng∙L-1 and 0.95 ng∙L-1, respectively. While most of the samples were lower than 1 ng∙L-1, abnormally high levels up to 10 ng∙L-1 were observed in the winter of 2017-2018 for particulate PAHs. Based on the isomer ratios of Flu to Flu plus Pyr, it was possible to determine that the pyrogenic loads were greater than the petrogenic loads in all but four out of 86 samples. The predominant environmental pathway for PAHs in winter was determined to be long-range atmospheric transportation fed by the East Asian winter monsoon, while for the summer, local sources were more relevant. By the risk quotients method, it was determined that PAHs in surface seawater presented a very low risk to marine life during the interannual survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mundo
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (R.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Tetsuya Matsunaka
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (R.M.); (S.N.)
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi 923-1224, Japan; (H.I.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-151-4440
| | - Hisanori Iwai
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi 923-1224, Japan; (H.I.); (K.H.)
| | - Shouzo Ogiso
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho 927-0553, Japan; (S.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho 927-0553, Japan; (S.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi 923-1224, Japan; (H.I.); (K.H.)
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (R.M.); (S.N.)
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi 923-1224, Japan; (H.I.); (K.H.)
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Dashtbozorg M, Mitra S, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Mohamadjafari Dehkordi S, Cappello T. Historical sedimentary deposition and ecotoxicological impact of aromatic biomarkers in sediment cores from ten coral reefs of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Sci Total Environ 2019; 696:133969. [PMID: 31454597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study determines the levels, vertical distributions, source apportionment and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ten sediment cores of coral reef in the Persian Gulf, Iran, one of the important oil polluted marine areas in the world. The main purpose of this study was to determine the spatio-vertical distribution pattern of PAHs pollution at the four hot spot zones on the Gulf: dense industrial, medium industrial, urbanized and non-impacted zones over the past few years. Sediment quality and ecological risk were also assessed in order to determine the pollutants of concern. In detail, 23 parent (PPAHs) and 16 alkylated PAHs (APAHs), along with retene and perylene, were determined in sediment cores (0-40 cm depth). The vertical distribution of all PAHs showed a wide variation among sampling stations and depths, with a decreasing trend of concentration from surface to bottom, and a peak at 12 cm. Total concentrations of PPAHs and APAHs ranged from 35 to 1927 ng g-1 dw and 19 to 1794 ng g-1 dw respectively, with the highest concentrations at the industrial zone. The diagnostic ratio for PAHs and perylene (3 to 1277 ng g-1 dw) indicated mixed sources of PAHs, with dominance of petrogenic origins at the industrial zone and natural diagenetic inputs, respectively. The PAH concentration depicted a significant decreasing trend along the length of the core with an abrupt increase within the core length 12-20 cm. Temporal variations in contaminants can be linked to economic, coastal developments and industrial growth. Overall, the baseline data on geographical distribution, congener profiles, sources and vertical deposition of PAHs in the Persian Gulf area would be useful to establish proper monitoring plans for this sensitive ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dashtbozorg
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Mohamadjafari Dehkordi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Parisi MG, Maisano M, Cappello T, Oliva S, Mauceri A, Toubiana M, Cammarata M. Responses of marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) after infection with the pathogen Vibrio splendidus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 221:1-9. [PMID: 30905845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs possess effective cellular and humoral defence mechanisms against bacterial infection. Although the immune responses of mussels to challenge with pathogenic vibrios have been largely investigated, the effects at the site of injection at the tissue level have not been so far evaluated. To this aim, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were herein in vivo challenged with Vibrio splendidus to assess the responses induced in hemolymph and posterior adductor muscle (PAM), being the site of bacterial infection. The number of living intra-hemocyte bacteria increased after the first hour post-injection (p.i.), suggesting the occurrence of an intense phagocytosis, while clearance was observed within 24 h p.i. A recruitment of hemocytes at the injection site was found in mussel PAM, together with marked morphological changes in the volume of muscular fibers, with a recovery of muscle tissue organization after 48 h p.i. A concomitant impairment in the osmoregulatory processes were observed in PAM by an initial inhibition of aquaporins and increased immunopositivity of Na+/K+ ATPase ionic pump, strictly related to the histological alterations and hemocyte infiltration detected in PAM. Accordingly, an intense cell turnover activity was also recorded following the infection event. Overall, results indicated the hemolymph as the system responsible for the physiological adaptations in mussels to stressful factors, such as pathogenicity, for the maintenance of homeostasis and immune defence. Also, the osmotic balance and cell turnover can be used as objective diagnostic criteria to evaluate the physiological state of mussels following bacterial infection, which may be relevant in aquaculture and biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mylene Toubiana
- HSM, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Jafarabadi AR, Dashtbozorg M, Bakhtiari AR, Maisano M, Cappello T. Geochemical imprints of occurrence, vertical distribution and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic ketones, hopanes and steranes in sediment cores from ten Iranian Coral Islands, Persian Gulf. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 144:287-298. [PMID: 31179999 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The levels, vertical distribution and sources of hydrocarbons and petroleum biomarkers were estimated for the first time in sediment cores (0-40 cm) from ten coral Islands of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Discrepant hydrocarbons, including linear n-alkanes (n-C11 to n-C40) and isoprenoids (AHs), aliphatic ketones (AKs), hopanes and steranes were measured in all core samples, showing mean concentrations ranging from 209 to 5388 μg g-1dw (∑30AH), 2-244 μg g-1-dw (∑13AK), 189-3713 ng g-1dw (∑31hopane) and 42-3864 ng g-1dw (∑15sterane), respectively. All sediment cores were found to be petroleum polluted, with ∑30AH > ∑31hopane > ∑15sterane > ∑13AK, with higher levels recorded at 10-20 cm, mainly at industrial sites. Various diagnostic indices revealed that hydrocarbons derived mainly from anthropogenic inputs, with significant contribution of biogenic origin at sites less polluted. Moreover, total organic carbon (0.24-23.45 mg g-1-dw), terrestrial and marine organic matter had an overwhelming effect on hydrocarbons deposition in sediment cores. Overall, findings provide relevant information for monitoring and preventing petroleum pollution in the sensitive ecosystems of the Persian Gulf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dashtbozorg
- Young Researchers and Elites club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Macirella R, Tripepi M, Brunelli E. Morphological and Immunohistochemical Modifications in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Gills After Short-Term Exposure to the Fungicide Tebuconazole. Zebrafish 2019; 16:65-76. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Manuela Tripepi
- Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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12
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Yaghoobi Z, Kong Yap C, Maisano M, Cappello T. Distributions and compositional patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in three edible fishes from Kharg coral Island, Persian Gulf, Iran. Chemosphere 2019; 215:835-845. [PMID: 30359953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydroxyl, carbonyl and methyl-containing PAHs) in three edible marine fishes, namely Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lethrinus microdon and Scomberomorus guttatus, from Kharg Island, Persian Gulf, Iran. The concentrations (ng g-1dw) of Σ39PAHs resulted significantly higher in fish liver than muscle, with the PAH composition pattern dominated by low molecular weight compounds (naphthalene, alkyl-naphthalenes and phenanthrene). The highest mean concentrations of ∑9 oxygenated and ∑15 hydroxylated PAHs (ng g-1dw) were found ound in L. microdon and L. argentimaculatus, respectively, while the lowest values in S. guttatus. Additionally, the highest mean concentrations of Σ5 carbonylic PAHs (ng g-1dw) were found in L. argentimaculatus, followed by L. microdon. The PAHs levels and distribution in fish liver and muscle were dependent on both the Kow of PAHs congeners and fish lipid contents. Overall, the present findings provide important baseline data for further research on the ecotoxicity of PAHs in aquatic organisms, and consequent implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Yaghoobi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Spanò N, Cappello T. First report of geochemical fractionation distribution, bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic inorganic elements in sediments of coral reef Islands of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 137:185-197. [PMID: 30503425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination is a serious environmental concern in the Middle East. Herein, geochemical fractionation distribution and potential sources of thirteen metals (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, V, As, Hg, Pb and Cd) were investigated in sediments from ten coral reef Islands in the Persian Gulf, Iran. To properly assess availability and mobility of elements, enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI), pollution index (PI), contamination index (CI), sediment pollution index (SPI) and ecological risk assessment were provided. Sediment grain size showed an outstanding role in controlling the levels of potentially toxic inorganic elements (PTIEs). The highest values of total organic matter (TOM) were detected in Kharg and Lavan Islands. Different metals fractionation distribution was found across sites. As was noticed in carbonate (F2), exchangeable (F1), Fe-Mn oxy-hydroxide (F3), organic (F4) and residual (F5) fractions, Hg primarily associated with F2 and F1, whereas Pb and Cd with F2, followed by F1, F3, F5 and F4. Conversely, Ni and V accumulated in F1, suggesting their high mobility and bioavailability, and thus environmental risk to aquatic biota. All metals (except Al, Fe and As) had geological and anthropogenic sources. Based on modified risk assessment analysis, the sediments from Kharg, Lavan, Siri and Lark Islands showed medium adverse effects. Overall, results from this study corroborate that petroleum industry is the main source of pollution of PTIEs in the Persian Gulf, and offer a scientific basis for monitoring and preventing metal pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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14
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Hedouin L, Shadmehri Toosi A, Cappello T. Spatio-temporal variability, distribution and sources of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reef surface sediments of Kharg and Lark coral reefs, Persian Gulf, Iran. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 163:307-322. [PMID: 30056345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, particularly oil pollution, has been a long-standing problem in marine areas. With the aim to assess the pollution status in the Persian Gulf, Iran, herein surface sediments were collected from Kharg and Lark coral reefs, in summer (dry season) and winter (wet season), to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations of n-alkanes and PAHs. The mean total organic carbon (TOC) contents of sediments showed a significantly dramatic variation (p < 0.05) in both seasons at both Islands, with high values recorded at sites located near pollutant inputs. The total mean percent of clay grain-sized sediments at Kharg were 26.57% and 28.86% in dry and wet seasons, respectively, while in Lark were 26.73% in summer and 24.57% in winter. Additionally, at Kharg the mean ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs ranged from 81.35 to 573 µg g-1 dw and 60.25-491 ng g-1 dw in dry season, and 171-754 µg g-1 dw and 41.61-693 ng g-1 dw in winter, respectively. At Lark, the average ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs varied from 31.18 to 272 µg g-1 dw and 41.25-196 ng g-1 dw in summer, whilst oscillated from 57.99 to 332 µg g-1 dw and 16.56-487 ng g-1 dw in wet season, respectively. The lowest mean level of the examined pollutants were spanned in offshore sites, while the highest average concentrations indicated that contaminated sediments were at onshore stations at both Islands in both seasons. Significant seasonal variations (p < 0.05) were observed at most sampling sites for all pollutants. Molecular Diagnostic Ratio (MDR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that n-alkanes and PAHs had mostly a petrogenic source. The compositional profile of PAHs showed that 2 and 3-ring PAHs were abundant at both sampling sites. Significant positive correlation (r > 0.76) was observed between ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs at Kharg and Lark sediments with TOC content, especially for the sites with high total pollutant concentrations. Based on the potential impact and ecological risk of n-alkanes and PAHs in surface sediments, it is, therefore, necessary in future studies to focus on their effects on corals and other marine organisms within this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Laetitia Hedouin
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Perpignan, France
| | - Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ansel MA, Benamar N. Accumulation of heavy metals in muscle, liver, and gonads of little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) from the western region of Algeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:32640-32648. [PMID: 30242657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper levels were measured in muscle, liver, and gonads of little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) from the western region of Algeria. Relationships between heavy metals concentrations and age, sex, sexual maturity stages, and fish size were investigated. The highest average levels of cadmium (0.2010 ± 0.026 mg kg-1), lead (0.8069 ± 0.09 mg kg-1), and copper (18.1135 ± 1.34 mg kg-1) were recorded in the liver, while the highest mean zinc value of 203.1454 ± 21.48 mg kg-1 was observed in the gonads. Significant differences (t > 1.96, p < 0.05) were found between metals levels in different tissues. The results indicated that heavy metals concentrations in muscle, liver, and gonads increase with age and fish size. However, metals analysis in gonadal tissues provides clear evidence of the transfer of heavy metals from spawners to progeny. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu measured in edible muscle flesh were lower than the maximum acceptable limit set by FAO/WHO for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amine Ansel
- Department of Marine Sciences and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, PO Box 300, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria.
| | - Nardjess Benamar
- Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale (LRSE), Department of Biology, University of Oran, PO Box 1524, El M'naouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Maisano M, Pereira P, Cappello T. First record of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of metals in Scleractinian corals and their algal symbionts from Kharg and Lark coral reefs (Persian Gulf, Iran). Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:1500-1511. [PMID: 30021316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution is nowadays a serious threat worldwide for ecosystem and human health. Despite that, there is still a paucity of data on metal impact on coral reef ecosystems. Herein, the levels of eleven metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, V, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) were assessed in surface sediments, seawater samples, Scleractinian corals (tissue and skeleton) and their algal symbionts collected from Kharg and Lark coral reefs in the Persian Gulf, Iran. At Kharg, surface sediments and seawater showed higher concentrations of metals than Lark, attributable to the higher metal loads and petrochemical activities in the area. Sediment quality guidelines indicated Hg as a serious threat to biota both at Kharg and Lark. Accordingly, metals bioaccumulation and bioconcentration was higher in corals from Kharg relatively to Lark Island. Interestingly, as supported by values of BCFs and BSAFs, metal accumulation was higher in coral tissues in respect to skeletons, and in zooxanthellae relatively to coral tissues at both coral reefs. Differential metal bioaccumulation was found among Scleractinian species, indicating that corals have distinct selectivity for assimilating metals from ambient sediments and seawater. Overall, metal accumulation in corals and zooxanthellae is an appropriate tool for environmental monitoring studies in coral reefs. Noteworthy, the use of Porites lutea, among Scleractinian corals, seems to be as a good bioindicator in monitoring studies of metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Aliabadian M, Laetitia H, Shadmehri Toosi A, Yap CK. First report of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and persistent organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and PCNs) and their effects on alcyonacea and scleractinian corals and their endosymbiotic algae from the Persian Gulf, Iran: Inter and intra-species differences. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:141-157. [PMID: 29426136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The coral reefs of the Persian Gulf are the most diverse systems of life in the marine environment of the Middle East. Unfortunately, they are highly threatened by local and global stressors, particularly oil pollutants. This is the first quantitative and qualitative study aimed at assessing the concentration and sources of n-alkanes and POPs (PAHs, PCBs and PCNs) in coral tissues, symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), reef sediments and seawaters in coral reefs of Lark and Kharg in the Persian Gulf, Iran. This work was conducted on eight species of six genera and three families of hard corals and one family of soft coral. A significant variation in the concentration of ∑30n-alkanes and POPs (∑40PAHs, ∑22PCBs and 20PCNs) was found in the decreasing order: zooxanthellae > coral tissue > skeleton > reef sediment > seawater. The bioaccumulation of these compounds was 2-times higher in ahermatypic than in hermatypic corals, among which significant variations were observed in both sites. In Kharg, Porites lutea had the highest mean concentration of ∑30n-alkanes and ∑40PAHs in soft tissue, whereas the lowest values were in Platygyra daedalea. A contrasting trend was documented for ∑22PCBs and 20PCNs, with the highest level reported in soft tissue of P. daedalea and the lowest in P. lutea at Kharg. Compositional pattern of AHs and PAHs demonstrated the predominance of LMW-PAHs and n-alkanes. In skeleton and reef sediments, tetra, penta and tri-CBs were the most abundant PCBs congeners followed by di-CB > hexa-CB > hepta-CB > octa-CB,whiletri-CB > di-CB > tetra-CB > penta-CB > hexa-CB > hepta-CB > octa-CB was observed for soft tissue, zooxanthellae and seawater. The results of RAD test indicated significantly negative correlation between total concentration of these compounds with zooxanthellae density, the chlorophyll-a and C2 in corals at both reefs. This is the first report on levels, health assessment and source apportionments of POPs in zooxanthellae and a first step in the implementation of specific coral reef management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Aliabadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Iran
| | - Hédouin Laetitia
- USR3278 EPHE CNRS UPVD-CRIOBE, BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence, BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi
- Department of Civil and environmental engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Maisano M, Cappello T, Natalotto A, Vitale V, Parrino V, Giannetto A, Oliva S, Mancini G, Cappello S, Mauceri A, Fasulo S. Effects of petrochemical contamination on caged marine mussels using a multi-biomarker approach: Histological changes, neurotoxicity and hypoxic stress. Mar Environ Res 2017; 128:114-123. [PMID: 27053509 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to evaluate the biological effects of petrochemical contamination on marine mussels. Mytilus galloprovincialis, widely used as sentinel organisms in biomonitoring studies, were caged at the "Augusta-Melilli-Priolo" industrial site (eastern Sicily, Italy), chosen as one of the largest petrochemical areas in Europe, and Brucoli, chosen as reference site. Chemical analyses of sediments at the polluted site revealed high levels of PAHs and mercury, exceeding the national and international guideline limits. In mussels from the polluted site, severe morphological alterations were observed in gills, mainly involved in nutrient uptake and gas exchange. Changes in serotonergic and cholinergic systems, investigated through immunohistochemical, metabolomics and enzymatic approaches, were highlighted in gills, as well as onset of hypoxic adaptive responses with up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor transcript. Overall, the application of a multi-biomarker panel results effective in assessing the biological effects of petrochemical contamination on the health of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalotto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Vitale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Center, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Cappello T, Pereira P, Maisano M, Mauceri A, Pacheco M, Fasulo S. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of mercury toxicity in wild golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) by 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Environ Pollut 2016; 219:139-148. [PMID: 27814529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is recognized as a dangerous contaminant due to its bioaccumulation and biomagnification within trophic levels, leading to serious health risks to aquatic biota. Therefore, there is an urgent need to unravel the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Hg. To this aim, a metabolomics approach based on protonic nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), coupled with chemometrics, was performed on the gills of wild golden grey mullets L. aurata living in an Hg-polluted area in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Gills were selected as target organ due to their direct and continuous interaction with the surrounding environment. As a consequence of accumulated inorganic Hg and methylmercury, severe changes in the gill metabolome were observed, indicating a compromised health status of mullets. Numerous metabolites, i.e. amino acids, osmolytes, carbohydrates, and nucleotides, were identified as potential biomarkers of Hg toxicity in fish gills. Specifically, decrease of taurine and glycerophosphocholine, along with increased creatine level, suggested Hg interference with the ion-osmoregulatory processes. The rise of lactate indicated anaerobic metabolism enhancement. Moreover, the increased levels of amino acids suggested the occurrence of protein catabolism, further supported by the augmented alanine, involved in nitrogenous waste excretion. Increased level of isobutyrate, a marker of anoxia, was suggestive of onset of hypoxic stress at the Hg contaminated site. Moreover, the concomitant reduction in glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine reflected the occurrence of membrane repair processes. Finally, perturbation in antioxidant defence system was revealed by the depletion in glutathione and its constituent amino acids. All these data were also compared to the differential Hg-induced metabolic responses previously observed in liver of the same mullets (Brandão et al., 2015). Overall, the environmental metabolomics approach demonstrated its effectiveness in the evaluation of Hg toxicity mechanisms in wild fish under realistic environmental conditions, uncovering tissue-specificities regarding Hg toxic effects namely in gills and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Lucas J, Percelay I, Larcher T, Lefrançois C. Effects of pyrolytic and petrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on swimming and metabolic performance of zebrafish contaminated by ingestion. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 132:145-152. [PMID: 27318196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their origins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are characterized by different chemical properties. Petrogenic PAH (e.g. from fossil fuels) and pyrolytic PAH (e.g. those produced by incineration processes) are therefore expected to affect organisms differently. The impact of trophic exposure to these PAH was investigated on swimming and metabolic performance of zebrafish Danio rerio. Two-month-old juveniles and six-month-old adults were individually challenged following a swimming step protocol. While pyrolytic exposure did not affect fish whatever the duration of exposure, it appeared that petrogenic PAH impaired adults' performance. Indeed, the active metabolic rate in petrogenic PAH-contaminated adults was significantly reduced by 35%, and critical swimming speed by 26.5%. This was associated with cardiac abnormalities, which are expected to contribute to the reduction of oxygen transport, particularly during intensive effort. These results may be due to the different composition and toxicity of PAH mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lucas
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - I Percelay
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - T Larcher
- INRA UMR 703, APEX, Oniris, La Chantrerie, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - C Lefrançois
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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Kacar A, Pazi I, Gonul T, Kucuksezgin F. Marine pollution risk in a coastal city: use of an eco-genotoxic tool as a stress indicator in mussels from the Eastern Aegean Sea. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2016; 23:16067-16078. [PMID: 27146544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas, such as bays, estuaries, and harbors, are heavily polluted since these areas are the settlements to which toxic chemicals from industrial and domestic wastes are discharged. The genetic damage was evaluated using bioindicator mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis caused by toxic chemicals (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in İzmir and Çandarlı Bays (the Eastern Aegean Sea) through comet assay. Three sampling sites from the two bays were selected and the study was conducted during the spring and autumn periods. The highest levels of DNA damage expressed as %Tail-DNA were observed in İzmir Bay (34.60 % Tail-DNA) in the spring. Analysis of the correlation between PAHs and metals in mussels and %T-DNA in the hemolymph and gill cells showed a statistically significant positive correlation between %T-DNA and ∑PAH, chromium (p < 0.05). This study determined the pollution level of the İzmir and Çandarlı Bays by using the DNA damage to the mussel, which can identify the effects of environmental pollutants at the cellular levels. These results confirm that comet assay can be used to determine the temporal and spatial differences of DNA damage, and as a suitable tool for the measurement of genotoxicity in regions with low pollutant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Kacar
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Idil Pazi
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Gonul
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kucuksezgin
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey
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Cappello T, Brandão F, Guilherme S, Santos MA, Maisano M, Mauceri A, Canário J, Pacheco M, Pereira P. Insights into the mechanisms underlying mercury-induced oxidative stress in gills of wild fish (Liza aurata) combining (1)H NMR metabolomics and conventional biochemical assays. Sci Total Environ 2016; 548-549:13-24. [PMID: 26799803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been described as a key pathway to initiate mercury (Hg) toxicity in fish. However, the mechanisms underlying Hg-induced oxidative stress in fish still need to be clarified. To this aim, environmental metabolomics in combination with a battery of conventional oxidative stress biomarkers were applied to the gills of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) collected from Largo do Laranjo (LAR), a confined Hg contaminated area, and São Jacinto (SJ), selected as reference site (Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal). Higher accumulation of inorganic Hg and methylmercury was found in gills of fish from LAR relative to SJ. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics revealed changes in metabolites related to antioxidant protection, namely depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and its constituent amino acids, glutamate and glycine. The interference of Hg with the antioxidant protection of gills was corroborated through oxidative stress endpoints, namely the depletion of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities at LAR. The increase of total glutathione content (reduced glutathione+oxidized glutathione) at LAR, in parallel with GSH depletion aforementioned, indicates the occurrence of massive GSH oxidation under Hg stress, and an inability to carry out its regeneration (glutathione reductase activity was unaltered) or de novo synthesis. Nevertheless, the results suggest the occurrence of alternative mechanisms for preventing lipid peroxidative damage, which may be associated with the enhancement of membrane stabilization/repair processes resulting from depletion in the precursors of phosphatidylcholine (phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine), as highlighted by NMR spectroscopy. However, the observed decrease in taurine may be attributable to alterations in the structure of cell membranes or interference in osmoregulatory processes. Overall, the novel concurrent use of metabolomics and conventional oxidative stress endpoints demonstrated to be sensitive and effective towards a mechanistically based assessment of Hg toxicity in gills of wild fish, providing new insights into the toxicological pathways underlying the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Ana Santos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instítuto Superíor Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Natalotto A, Sureda A, Maisano M, Spanò N, Mauceri A, Deudero S. Biomarkers of environmental stress in gills of Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) from Balearic Island. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 122:9-16. [PMID: 26164723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In aquatic environments, bivalve molluscs are used as sentinel species for environmental biomonitoring. In this study Pinna nobilis specimens, the biggest Mediterranean bivalve, were collected in the Magaluf bay (Mallorca), a touristic location and in a pristine area of the Cabrera National Park as the control location. Histological and histochemical analysis in gills of specimens sampled from Magaluf exhibited evident tissue alterations with high presence of haemocytes. Lower acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and protein expression were also found in the gills of specimens collected from Magaluf compared with the control area. The determination of antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, showed a higher activities of these antioxidant enzymes and total glutathione content in samples from Magaluf bay than in Cabrera. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that human activities result in morphological tissue alterations and a reduced AChE activity in gills of P. nobilis. Moreover, these stressful environmental conditions induced an adaptive response in P. nobilis as evidenced by increased antioxidant defences and a decreased AChE activity. CAPSULE The human activities induce oxidative stress in P. nobilis as evidenced by increased antioxidant defences and a decreased acetylcholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Natalotto
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Maria Maisano
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salud Deudero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Moll de Ponent s/n, 07015 Palma, Spain
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Maisano M, Cappello T, Catanese E, Vitale V, Natalotto A, Giannetto A, Barreca D, Brunelli E, Mauceri A, Fasulo S. Developmental abnormalities and neurotoxicological effects of CuO NPs on the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula by embryotoxicity assay. Mar Environ Res 2015; 111:121-127. [PMID: 26026240 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The embryotoxicity of CuO NPs was evaluated in the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula embryos, by using 24-well plates. Fertilized eggs were exposed to five doses of CuO NPs ranging from 0.07 to 20 ppb, until pluteus stage. CuO NPs suspensions in artificial seawater formed agglomerates of 80-200 nm size, and copper uptake was 2.5-fold up in larvae exposed to high NP concentrations in respect to control. Developmental delay and morphological alteration, including skeletal abnormalities, were observed, as well as impairment in cholinergic and serotonergic nervous systems. These findings suggest the potential of CuO NPs to interfere with the normal neurotransmission pathways, thus affecting larval morphogenesis. Overall, the embryotoxicity tests are effective for evaluation of nanoparticle effects on the health of aquatic biota. Furthermore, as the black sea urchin A. lixula demonstrated to be vulnerable to NP exposure, it may be a valid bioindicator in marine biomonitoring and ecotoxicological programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eva Catanese
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Vitale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalotto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cappello T, Maisano M, Giannetto A, Parrino V, Mauceri A, Fasulo S. Neurotoxicological effects on marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis caged at petrochemical contaminated areas (eastern Sicily, Italy): ¹H NMR and immunohistochemical assays. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 169:7-15. [PMID: 25572855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxicological potential of environmental pollution, mainly related to petrochemical activities, was investigated in marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Bivalve mollusks, particularly mussels, are widely used as sentinel organisms in biomonitoring studies for assessing the impact of anthropogenic contaminants. The gills, mainly involved in nutrient uptake, digestion, gas exchange and neuronal signaling, are the first organ to be affected by pollutants present in the external environment, and therefore were selected as the target organ for this study. Mussels from an aquaculture farm were caged at a highly polluted petrochemical area and a reference site along the Augusta coastline (eastern Sicily, Italy) for one month. A battery of biomarkers indicative of neuronal perturbations was applied on gills in order to investigate on the serotonergic (i.e. serotonin, 5-HT, and its receptor, 5-HT3R), cholinergic (i.e. acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and choline acetyltransferase, ChAT), and dopaminergic systems (i.e. tyrosine and tyrosine hydroxylase, TH). Overall, impairment in the normal ciliary motility was found in mussels caged at the polluted site. Alterations in serotoninergic and cholinergic systems were revealed, with enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission resulting in a cilio-inhibitory effect. However, the over-expression in 5-HT3R and ChAT at cellular level may indicate an adaptive response of mussels to recover a regular physiological activity in gills. To our knowledge, this is the first study that uses (1)H NMR and immunohistochemical assays. Their concurrent use demonstrated to be sensitive and effective for assessing environmental influences on the health status of aquatic organisms, and thus suitable to be applied in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Brandão F, Cappello T, Raimundo J, Santos MA, Maisano M, Mauceri A, Pacheco M, Pereira P. Unravelling the mechanisms of mercury hepatotoxicity in wild fish (Liza aurata) through a triad approach: bioaccumulation, metabolomic profiles and oxidative stress. Metallomics 2015; 7:1352-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liu D, Pan L, Li Z, Cai Y, Miao J. Metabolites analysis, metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 107:251-259. [PMID: 25011122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed on clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) exposed to 0.03, 0.3 and 3μg/L benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 21 days. B[a]P metabolite contents, activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), epoxide hydrolase (EH), dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), sulfotransferase (SULT) and uridinediphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UGT) and B[a]P bioaccumulation were assayed in gills and digestive glands. Results showed that the order of B[a]P phase I metabolite contents was 9-hydroxy-B[a]P>B[a]P-1,6-dione>B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol, and the concentration of B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol sulfate conjugates was higher than that of B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol glucuronide conjugates. B[a]P accumulation and the activities of AHH, EROD, EH, DD, SULT and UGT increased first and then reached equilibrium. GST activity was induced first and then depressed. The concentration of B[a]P was far higher than that of its metabolites. Besides, there were no significant differences between enzyme activities in gills and those in digestive glands. These results provided information on B[a]P metabolic mechanism in bivalve and scientific data for pollution monitoring and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Zhen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yuefeng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Sforzini S, Moore MN, Boeri M, Benfenati E, Colombo A, Viarengo A. Immunofluorescence detection and localization of B[a]P and TCDD in earthworm tissues. Chemosphere 2014; 107:282-289. [PMID: 24412505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An immunohistochemical method using antibodies against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins was developed on frozen tissue sections of the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (0.1, 10, 50 ppm) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) (0.01, 0.1, 2 ppb) in spiked standard soils. The concentrations of B[a]P and TCDD in E. andrei exposed to the same conditions were also measured using analytical chemical procedures. The results demonstrated that tissues of worms exposed to even minimal amount of B[a]P and TCDD reacted positively and specifically to anti-PAHs and -dioxins antibody. Immunofluorescence revealed a much more intense staining for the gut compared to the body wall; moreover, positively immunoreactive amoeboid coelomocytes were also observed, i.e. cells in which we have previously demonstrated the occurrence of genotoxic damage. The double immunolabelling with antibodies against B[a]P/TCDD and the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D demonstrated the lysosomal accumulation of the organic xenobiotic compounds, in particular in the cells of the chloragogenous tissue as well as in coelomocytes, involved into detoxification and protection of animals against toxic chemicals. The method described is timesaving, not expensive and easily applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Michael N Moore
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Marta Boeri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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D’Agata A, Cappello T, Maisano M, Parrino V, Giannetto A, Brundo MV, Ferrante M, Mauceri A. Cellular biomarkers in the musselMytilus galloprovincialis(Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from Lake Faro (Sicily, Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2013.878400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cappello T, Mauceri A, Corsaro C, Maisano M, Parrino V, Lo Paro G, Messina G, Fasulo S. Impact of environmental pollution on caged mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis using NMR-based metabolomics. Mar Pollut Bull 2013; 77:132-139. [PMID: 24211101 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic responses to environmental pollution, mainly related to Hg and PAHs, were investigated in mussels. Specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis, sedentary filter-feeders, were caged in anthropogenic-impacted and reference sites along the Augusta coastline (Sicily, Italy). The gills, mainly involved in nutrient uptake, digestion and gas exchange, were selected as target organ being the first organ to be affected by pollutants. Severe alterations in gill tissue were observed in mussels from the industrial area compared with control, while gill metabolic profiles, obtained by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and analyzed by multivariate statistics, exhibited significant changes in amino acids, energy metabolites, osmolytes and neurotransmitters. Overall, the morphological changes and metabolic disturbance detected in gill tissues may suggest that the mussels transplanted to the contaminated field site were suffering from adverse environmental condition. The concurrent morphological and metabolomic investigations as applied here result effective in assessing the environmental influences on health status of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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De Domenico E, Mauceri A, Giordano D, Maisano M, Giannetto A, Parrino V, Natalotto A, D'Agata A, Cappello T, Fasulo S. Biological responses of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to contaminated sediments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2013; 97:114-123. [PMID: 23953925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple anthropogenic activities present along coastal environments may affect the health status of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, specimens of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed for 30 days to highly contaminated sediment collected from the industrial area between Augusta and Priolo (Syracuse, Italy), defined as the most mercury polluted site in the Mediterranean. The aim was to evaluate the responses of juvenile D. labrax to highly contaminated sediments, particularly enriched in Hg, in order to enhance the scarce knowledge on the potential compensatory mechanisms developed by organisms under severe stress conditions. Apoptotic and proliferative activities [cell turnover: Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and FAS Ligand (FasL)], onset of hypoxic condition [hypoxia: Hypoxia Inducibile Factor-1α (HIF-1α)], and changes in the neuroendocrine control mechanisms [neurotransmission: Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 3 (5-HT3)] were investigated in sea bass gill tissues. In the specimens exposed to the polluted sediment, the occurrence of altered cell turnover may result in impaired gas exchange that leads to a condition of "functional hypoxia". Changes in neurotransmission pathways were also observed, suggesting a remodeling process as an adaptive response to increase the O2-carrying capacity and restore the normal physiological conditions of the gills. Overall, these findings demonstrated that although chronic exposure to heavy metal polluted sediments alters the functioning of both the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as plasticity of the gill epithelium, fish are able to trigger a series of physiological adjustments or adaptations interfering with specific neuroendocrine control mechanisms that enable their long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Domenico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Zizza M, Canonaco M, Facciolo RM. ORX Neuroreceptor System and HSP90 Are Linked to Recovery Strategies Against Copper Toxicity in Thalassoma pavo. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:135-46. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Bernabò I, Bonacci A, Coscarelli F, Tripepi M, Brunelli E. Effects of salinity stress on Bufo balearicus and Bufo bufo tadpoles: Tolerance, morphological gill alterations and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase localization. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 132-133:119-33. [PMID: 23474321 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater habitats are globally threatened by human-induced secondary salinization. Amphibians are generally poorly adapted to survive in saline environments. We experimentally investigated the effects of chronic exposure to various salinities (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% seawater, SW) on survival, larval growth and metamorphosis of tadpoles from two amphibian populations belonging to two species: the green toad Bufo balearicus and the common toad Bufo bufo. In addition, gill morphology of tadpoles of both species after acute exposure to hypertonic conditions (20%, 25%, and 30% SW) was examined by light and electron microscopy. Tadpoles experienced 100% mortality above 20% SW in B. balearicus while above 15% SW in B. bufo. We detected also sublethal effects of salinity stress on growth and metamorphosis. B. bufo cannot withstand chronic exposure to salinity above 5% SW, tadpoles grew slower and were significantly smaller than those in control at metamorphosis. B. balearicus tolerated salinity up to 20% SW without apparent effects during larval development, but starting from 15% SW tadpoles metamorphosed later and at a smaller size compared with control. We also revealed a negative relation between increasing salt concentration and gill integrity. The main modifications were increased mucous secretion, detachment of external layer, alteration of epithelial surface, degeneration phenomena, appearance of residual bodies, and macrophage immigration. These morphological alterations of gill epithelium can interfere with respiratory function and both osmotic and acid-base regulation. Significant variations in branchial Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity were also observed between two species; moreover an increase in enzyme activity was evident in response to SW exposure. Epithelial responses to increasing salt concentration were different in the populations belonging to two species: the intensity of histological and ultrastructural pathology in B. bufo was greater and we noticed the appearance in exposed samples of the tubular vesicle cells (TVCs). Taken together, our results demonstrated that increased salinity of freshwater may give cause for concern and must be considered a stressor for amphibians as well as other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bernabò
- Department of Ecology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (Cosenza), Italy
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